cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal dietary protein requirement for juvenile Trachinotus ovatus

An experiment on feeding and growth was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein requirement for juvenile Trachi- notus ovatus cultured in sea net cages ( 1. 5 m×1. 0 m×2. 0 m) . Fish meal and soybean meal were mixed as protein into the feed at 6 levels ( 30. 32% , 35. 56% , 41. 48% , 47. 86% , 51. 70% and 54. 70% ) and 3 cages per level. Thirty juveniles at the initial weight of ( 24. 39±0. 23) g were fed in each net cage for 56 d. Result demonstrates that dietary protein affects specific growth rate ( SGR) and feed efficiency rate ( FER) significantly, which both increase with increasing dietary protein level from 30. 32% to 41. 48% significantly ( P < 0. 05) , but show no significant difference above these levels. Juveniles fed with 47. 86% protein obtain the best SGR and FER. The protein content in juvenile T. ovatus increases with increasing dietary protein level. Finally, according to the broken-line regression analysis of SGR, the optimal dietary protein requirement for T. ovatus is about 45. 75% .
Structure of the ACF7 EF-Hand-GAR Module and Delineation of Microtubule Binding Determinants

Spectraplakins are large molecules that cross-link F-actin and microtubules (MTs). Mutations in spectraplakins yield defective cell polarization, aberrant focal adhesion dynamics, and dystonia. We present the 2.8 A crystal structure of the hACF7 EF1-EF2-GAR MT-binding module and delineate the GAR residues critical for MT binding. The EF1-EF2 and GAR domains are autonomous domains connected by a flexible linker. The EF1-EF2 domain is an EFβ-scaffold with two bound Ca2+ ions that straddle an N-terminal α helix. The GAR domain has a unique α/β sandwich fold that coordinates Zn2+. While the EF1-EF2 domain is not sufficient for MT binding, the GAR domain is and likely enhances EF1-EF2-MT engagement. Residues in a conserved basic patch, distal to the GAR domain's Zn2+-binding site, mediate MT binding.
Quality part production via multi-laser additive manufacturing

Abstract Multi-Laser Powder Bed Fusion (ML-PBF), a metals additive manufacturing (AM) method, provides an opportunity to produce more parts in less time. However, the effects of using multiple, moving energy sources on sintered part integrity, as well as the transferability between process parameters developed for L-PBF and ML-PBF, remains unknown. Via validated simulations, this study provides insight into how various single- and multi-laser PBF scan strategies can impact powder/part heat affected zones (HAZs), melt pool temperatures and local temperature gradient magnitudes, which affect microstructural properties, defect statistics, and mechanical behavior of fabricated parts.
Predictors of Functional Change in a Skilled Nursing Facility Population.

Background and purpose Inability to obtain sufficient gains in function during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay impacts patients' functional trajectories and susceptibility to adverse events. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of functional change in patients temporarily residing in an SNF following hospitalization. Methods One hundred forty patients admitted to a single SNF from the hospital who had both evaluation and discharge measures of physical function documented were included. Data from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 and electronic medical record were extracted to record clinical and demographic characteristics. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was administered by rehabilitation therapists at evaluation and discharge. The SPPB consists of balance tests, gait speed, and a timed 5-time sit-to-stand test. Results and discussion The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Screening Tool for Depression was the only significant predictor of change in gait speed over an SNF stay. Eighty-seven percent of patients achieved a clinically meaningful change in the SPPB of 1 point or greater from evaluation to discharge, with 78% demonstrating a clinically meaningful change of 0.1 m/s or greater on gait speed. However, 69% of patients demonstrated SPPB scores of 6 points or less and 57% ambulated less than 0.65 m/s at the time of discharge from the SNF, which indicates severe disability. Conclusions Poor physical function following an SNF stay places older adult at significant risk for adverse events including rehospitalization, future disability, and institutionalization. Understanding the predictors of functional change from evaluation to discharge may direct efforts toward developing innovative and effective interventions to improve function trajectories for older adults following an acute hospitalization.
Drawing Sensors with Ball-Milled Blends of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Graphite

The synthetically tunable properties and intrinsic porosity of conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) make them promising materials for transducing selective interactions with gaseous analytes in an electrically addressable platform. Consequently, conductive MOFs are valuable functional materials with high potential utility in chemical detection. The implementation of these materials, however, is limited by the available methods for device incorporation due to their poor solubility and moderate electrical conductivity. This manuscript describes a straightforward method for the integration of moderately conductive MOFs into chemiresistive sensors by mechanical abrasion. To improve electrical contacts, blends of MOFs with graphite were generated using a solvent-free ball-milling procedure. While most bulk powders of pure conductive MOFs were difficult to integrate into devices directly via mechanical abrasion, the compressed solid-state MOF/graphite blends were easily abraded onto the surface of paper substrates equipped with gold electrodes to generate functional sensors. This method was used to prepare an array of chemiresistors, from four conductive MOFs, capable of detecting and differentiating NH₃, H₂S and NO at parts-per-million concentrations.
Budgeting and Allocating Resources

Political social work generally takes place in electoral campaigns, public agencies, or nonprofit agencies. How we manage and spend money in each of these contexts should be aligned with our strategic planning and is a critical consideration in furthering our policy goals. This chapter builds from Chap. 11’s discussion of raising revenues, focusing instead on managing these revenues once they have been received. As with the prior chapter, we provide an overview of the rules at the time of this writing and resources to help you research budgeting rules in your own political context. However, when dealing with political finances, we encourage you to always consult experts who can help you make sure that you fully understand and follow all relevant financial laws.
Sorting of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polar Solvents with an Amphiphilic Conjugated Polymer Provides General Guidelines for Enrichment

Conjugated polymer extraction (CPE) has been shown to be a highly effective method to isolate high-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs). In both literature reports and industrial manufacturing, this method has enabled enrichment of sc-SWCNTs with high purity (≥99.9%). High selectivity is typically obtained in nonpolar aromatic solvents, yet polar solvents may provide process improvements in terms of yield, purity and efficiency. Using an amphiphilic fluorene-alt-pyridine conjugated copolymer with hydrophilic side chains, we have investigated the enrichment of sc-SWCNTs in polar solvents. Various conditions such as polymer/SWCNT ratio, solvent polarity, solvent dielectric constant as well as polymer solubility and SWCNT dispersibility were explored in order to optimize the purity and yield of the enriched product. Herein, we provide insights on CPE by demonstrating that a conjugated polymer having a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains provides ...
Safe Community Designation as Quality Assurance in Local Security Planning

This study is written to encourage the Finnish municipalities to apply the Safe Community designation and to improve the implementation of national programmes on a local level. The existing sustainable safety work in Finnish communities was utilized for writing the guidelines. The infrastructure for fulfilling the requirements for Safe Community designation was appropriate in the Finnish municipalities because of the national programmes and the local safety plans. The third Internal Security Programme “A Safer tomorrow” (2012) and the fifth National Target and Action Programme for the Prevention of Home and Leisure injuries 2014−2020 both focus on how to solve the everyday problems of safety and security as well as prevention of injuries. The objectives and measures outlined in these programmes are encouraged to be taken into account in local security plans. The majority of Finns (95%) live in a municipality that has a local security plan. These plans include leadership in sustainable multi-sector safety collaboration, targets and measures that improve safety and reduce injuries of vulnerable groups, both genders at all ages in any environment. Local plans also include preparedness for disasters. Although the national safety and security planning infrastructure already exists in Finland, the benefit of the Safe Community designation is that the implementation of the measures are audited and controlled in the certification process. The national strategy and the local security and safety planning can be combined with the Safe Community designation requirements. Obtaining a designation as a Safe Community can be seen also as quality assurance of the safety management system in Finland.
Towards Building a Virtual Assistant Health Coach

In this paper, we present our data collection process, annotation schemas and agreement results for extracting health goals from SMS conversations between a health coach and the patients. We also discuss our preliminary results for automatically detecting topic boundaries in health coaching dialogues. This is our first step towards building an autonomous virtual assistant health coach that learns from expert demonstration to interact with patients via SMS.
Design-Based Fingerprinting Using Side-Channel Power Analysis for Protection Against IC Piracy

Intellectual property (IP) and integrated circuit (IC) piracy are of increasing concern to IP/IC providers because of the globalization of IC design flow and supply chains. Such globalization is driven by the cost associated with the design, fabrication, and testing of integrated circuits and allows avenues for piracy. To protect the designs against IC piracy, we propose a fingerprinting scheme based on side-channel power analysis and machine learning methods. The proposed method distinguishes the ICs which realize a modified netlist, yet same functionality. Our method doesn't imply any hardware overhead. We specifically focus on the ability to detect minimal design variations, as quantified by the number of logic gates changed. Accuracy of the proposed scheme is greater than 96 percent, and typically 99 percent in detecting one or more gate-level netlist changes. Additionally, the effect of temperature has been investigated as part of this work. Results depict 95.4 percent accuracy in detecting the exact number of gate changes when data and classifier use the same temperature, while training with different temperatures results in 33.6 percent accuracy. This shows the effectiveness of building temperature-dependent classifiers from simulations at known operating temperatures.
Distress tolerance and cessation-related cannabis processes: The role of cannabis use coping motives.

Abstract Robust evidence implicates perceived distress tolerance as a risk factor for maladaptive cannabis use and poorer cannabis cessation outcomes. Past work suggests that perceived distress tolerance may be related to an array of clinically-relevant cannabis processes and outcomes via cannabis coping motives. Although promising, the generalizability of this work to racially/ethnically diverse samples of adult cannabis users is unknown. Additionally, investigation into alternative cannabis processes has been limited and has not controlled for the effects of other cannabis motives. Thus, the present study investigated cannabis coping motives as an explanatory variable for the relation between perceived distress tolerance and cannabis use processes that may impede cessation (e.g., cannabis use cravings, perceived barriers to cannabis cessation, and withdrawal symptoms) among an ethnically diverse sample of current cannabis using adults. Participants included 131 adult cannabis users (Mage = 36.67 years; 29.8% female; 59.2% Black, 26.2% White, 16.0% Hispanic). Results indicated that perceived distress tolerance was indirectly associated with all criterion variables through cannabis coping motives after controlling for the variance attributable to four other motives. The current study builds upon previous theoretically-supported work by examining these models among an ethnically diverse sample of current cannabis using adults and testing alternative cessation-related cannabis processes while controlling for the independent effects of four other cannabis motives.
Is Hindsight Really 20/20?: The Impact of Outcome Information on the Decision-Making Process

Previous research has reviewed the issue of biasability in forensic evaluation and has anecdotally related different forms of bias to forensic work; however, there is no empirical research that exp...
A Brain Module for Scalable Control of Complex, Multi-motor Threat Displays.

Threat displays are a universal feature of agonistic interactions. Whether threats are part of a continuum of aggressive behaviors or separately controlled remains unclear. We analyze threats in Drosophila and show they are triggered by male cues and visual motion, and comprised of multiple motor elements that can be flexibly combined. We isolate a cluster of ∼3 neurons whose activity is necessary for threat displays but not for other aggressive behaviors, and whose artificial activation suffices to evoke naturalistic threats in solitary flies, suggesting that the neural control of threats is modular with respect to other aggressive behaviors. Artificially evoked threats suffice to repel opponents from a resource in the absence of contact aggression. Depending on its level of artificial activation, this neural threat module can evoke different motor elements in a threshold-dependent manner. Such scalable modules may represent fundamental “building blocks” of neural circuits that mediate complex multi-motor behaviors.
Abstract LB-139: Efficacy, safety, and changes in blood markers following sunitinib monotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Experience from a multidisciplinary Phase II study

Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a very poor prognosis. HCC is a highly vascular tumor with increased levels of angiogenic factors, including VEGF and VEGFR2. Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against VEGFR2, PDGFRβ, and c-KIT. We performed a multidisciplinary Phase II study to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and changes in angiogenic parameters following sunitinib administration in patients with advanced HCC. Eligibility criteria included unresectable or metastatic measurable HCC. Patients were treated with sunitinib at 37.5 mg po qd on a standard 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off regimen (6 weeks/cycle). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed to assess changes in tumor permeability. Plasma markers were assayed by multiplex protein array. In a subset of patients, viable circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) were evaluated by flow cytometry in fresh whole blood samples at days 1, 15, 29, 57, 85, and 133. The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS). The targeted 34 patients have been enrolled: median age=63 (range 30-81); M/F=29/5; ECOG 0/1=15/19; CLIP 1/2/3=13/12/9. The treatment was generally well tolerated. Grade 3/4 toxicities included SGOT/SGPT (18/9%), neutropenia (12%), lymphopenia (15%), thrombocytopenia (12%), fatigue (9%), hand-foot syndrome (6%), rash (6%), hyperbilirubinemia (6%), and ataxia/disequilibrium (3%). One patient had a partial response and 10 patients had stable disease of at least 12 weeks. The median PFS was 4.0 months (95% CI: 2.8-7.0) and the median overall survival was 10 months (95% CI: 7.5-not estimable). Following 2 weeks of sunitinib administration, the mean tumor permeability (Ktrans) decreased by an average of 40% from the baseline. Sunitinib decreased sVEGFR2 levels and increased PlGF and VEGF levels in most patients. Interim analyses suggested that sunitinib treatment increase the number of CECs at day 15. The number of CPCs was significantly decreased by sunitinib at days 15, 29, and 57 compared to baseline (P
Reporting Methodology of Neurosurgical Studies Utilizing the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.

Background Use of large databases such as the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) has become increasingly common in neurosurgical research. Objective To perform a critical appraisal and evaluation of the methodological reporting for studies in neurosurgical literature that utilize the ACS-NSQIP database. Methods We queried Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases for all neurosurgical studies utilizing the ACS-NSQIP. We assessed each study according to number of criteria fulfilled with respect to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement, REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected Health Data (RECORD) Statement, and Journal of American Medical Association-Surgical Section (JAMA-Surgery) Checklist. A separate analysis was conducted among papers published in core and noncore journals in neurosurgery according to Bradford's law. Results A total of 117 studies were included. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) scores for number of fulfilled criteria for STROBE Statement, RECORD Statement, and JAMA-Surgery Checklist were 20 (IQR:19-21), 9 (IQR:8-9), and 6 (IQR:5-6), respectively. For STROBE Statement, RECORD Statement, and JAMA-Surgery Checklist, item 9 (potential sources of bias), item 13 (supplemental information), and item 9 (missing data/sensitivity analysis) had the highest number of studies with no fulfillment among all studies (56, 68, 50%), respectively. When comparing core journals vs noncore journals, no significant difference was found (STROBE, P = .94; RECORD, P = .24; JAMA-Surgery checklist, P = .60). Conclusion While we observed an overall satisfactory reporting of methodology, most studies lacked mention of potential sources of bias, data cleaning methods, supplemental information, and external validity. Given the pervasive role of national databases and registries for research and health care policy, the surgical community needs to ensure the credibility and quality of such studies that ultimately aim to improve the value of surgical care delivery to patients.
Wendy Carlos’s Xenharmonic Keyboard

Wendy Carlos is an American composer and electronic musician who constructed three closely related musical scales she called α, β, and γ. These scales are xenharmonic, i.e., unrelated to the famili...
Response to Comment on “A commensal strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis protects against skin neoplasia” by Nakatsuji et al.

Kozmin et al. contend that observations previously reported regarding the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of 6-N-hydroxy aminopurine (6-HAP) were incorrect. Their conclusions rely on poorly characterized reagents and focus strictly on in vitro techniques without validation in relevant mammalian model systems. We are pleased to be able to illuminate the weaknesses in their technical comment. The totality of current results continues to support our original conclusion that a strain of the common human commensal skin bacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, produces 6-HAP that can inhibit tumor growth.
A systematic evaluation of poloxamers as tablet lubricants

Lubricants are important for both preserving the tooling of high-speed tablet presses and attaining quality tablets. Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is most commonly used due to its superior lubrication efficiency; however, it can lead to negative effects on tabletability and dissolution. In this study, we have systematically evaluated two poloxamers, P188 and P407, for their suitability as alternative tablet lubricants. For two excipients with different mechanical properties, i.e., microcrystalline cellulose and lactose, both poloxamers exhibit acceptable lubrication efficiency without negatively impacting tabletability. Compared to 1% MgSt, the performance of 2% of both poloxamers in an experimental tablet formulation of ritonavir led to better lubrication, higher tabletability, and enhanced in vitro drug release. Thus, the use of P188 and P407 as alternative tablet lubricants deserves further evaluations.
Early Socialization and Opinions of Musicianship Among Preservice Music Teachers

The development of musicianship is a fundamental learning outcome for music students. The purpose of this study was to examine the early socialization experiences of preservice music teachers, as w...
A Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Model to Rank Factors Influencing Public Transit Mode Choice: A Case Study

Abstract This study applied a decision-based model with uncertainty to identify factors in mode choice and to rank their influence in attracting riders to available public transit modes in the city of Tehran. The model integrates a fuzzy Delphi method and a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process with fuzzy set theory to process opinion uncertainties. The surveys found that from highest to lowest in influence, the service attribute rankings were safety, reliability, frequency, comfort, travel cost, information provision, and accessibility. Based on these attributes, subway ranked highest in passenger attraction potential, followed by ride-hailing, bus rapid transit, vans and taxis, then public bus services. These findings support the hypothesis that it is worthwhile for big cities to ramp investments in public transit improvements even as ride hailing services proliferate with the potential to attract users away from more throughput-efficient and lower-cost services.
Integration of Hydrogel Microparticles With Three-Dimensional Liver Progenitor Cell Spheroids

The study of the liver progenitor cell microenvironment has demonstrated the important roles of both biochemical and biomechanical signals in regulating the progenitor cell functions that underlie liver morphogenesis and regeneration. While controllable two-dimensional in vitro culture systems have provided key insights into the effects of growth factors and extracellular matrix composition and mechanics on liver differentiation, it remains unclear how microenvironmental signals may differentially affect liver progenitor cell responses in a three-dimensional (3D) culture context. In addition, there have only been limited efforts to engineer 3D culture models of liver progenitor cells through the tunable presentation of microenvironmental stimuli. We present an in vitro model of 3D liver progenitor spheroidal cultures with integrated polyethylene glycol hydrogel microparticles for the internal presentation of modular microenvironmental cues and the examination of the combinatorial effects with an exogenous soluble factor. In particular, treatment with the growth factor TGFβ1 directs differentiation of the spheroidal liver progenitor cells toward a biliary phenotype, a behavior which is further enhanced in the presence of hydrogel microparticles. We further demonstrate that surface modification of the hydrogel microparticles with heparin influences the behavior of liver progenitor cells toward biliary differentiation. Taken together, this liver progenitor cell culture system represents an approach for controlling the presentation of microenvironmental cues internalized within 3D spheroidal aggregate cultures. Overall, this strategy could be applied toward the engineering of instructive microenvironments that control stem and progenitor cell differentiation within a 3D context for studies in tissue engineering, drug testing, and cellular metabolism.
Low Latency Trajectory Predictions for Interaction Aware Highway Driving

Highway driving places significant demands on human drivers and autonomous vehicles (AVs) alike due to high speeds and the complex interactions in dense traffic. Merging onto the highway poses additional challenges by limiting the amount of time available for decision-making. Predicting others’ trajectories accurately and quickly is crucial to execute maneuvers safely. Many existing prediction methods based on neural networks have focused on modeling interactions to achieve better accuracy while assuming the existence of observation windows over 3 s long. This letter proposes a novel probabilistic model for trajectory prediction that performs competitively with as little as 400 ms of observations. The proposed model extends a deterministic car-following model to the probabilistic setting by treating model parameters as unknown random variables and introducing regularization terms. A realtime inference procedure is derived to estimate the parameters from observations in this new model. Experiments on dense traffic in the NGSIM dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance with both highly constrained and more traditional observation windows.
The state factor model and urban forest restoration

A 'state factor' model of ecosystems can serve as a conceptual framework for researching and managing urban ecosystems. This approach provides alternative goals and narratives to those derived from historically grounded dichotomies between nature and culture, which can reify constructions of human influence as inherently destructive. The integration of human behaviour and state factors is critical to the application of a state factor model to urban ecosystems. We emphasize the role of culture in co-producing urban ecosystems and the importance of feedbacks between urban ecosystems and state factors. We advocate for ecosystem models that encourage local agency and actions that enhance the capacity of cities to constructively adapt to environmental change. We contrast this approach to efforts intended to minimize human impacts on ecosystems. The usefulness of the state factor model for informing such efforts is assessed through a consideration of the norms and practices of urban forest restoration in New York City. Despite the limitations and challenges of applying a state factor model to urban ecosystems, it can inform comparative research within and between cities and offers an intuitive framework for understanding the ecological conditions created in cities by human behaviour.
Creation of large temperature anisotropies in a laboratory plasma

Ion temperature anisotropy in an expanding magnetized plasma is investigated using laser induced fluorescence. Parallel and perpendicular ion velocity distribution functions (IVDFs) were measured simultaneously with high spatial resolution in the expanding plasma. Large ion temperature anisotropies ( T ⊥ i / T ∥ i ∼ 10) are observed in a conical region at the periphery of the expanding plasma plume. A simple 2D Boris stepper model that incorporates the measured electric field structure is able to reproduce the gross features of the measured perpendicular IVDFs. A Nyquist stability analysis of the measured IVDFs suggests that multiple instabilities with k ⊥ ρ i ∼ 1 and k | | ρ i ∼ 0.2 are likely to be excited in these plasmas.
Esophagitis dissecans superficialis with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent an important advance in cancer treatment, but immune mediated adverse events associated with their use can be severe and life-threatening. Esophagitis dissecans superficialis, a rare condition of the esophagus characterized by diffuse desquamation and sloughing of the superficial esophageal mucosal lining, has not previously been reported with immune checkpoint inhibitor use. The concerning appearance of esophagitis dissecans superficialis may lead oncologists to stop therapy due to concern for toxicity. We present a case report of a patient who developed esophagitis dissecans superficialis after treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor that resolved without permanent discontinuation of the immune checkpoint inhibitor.
Static and Streaming Data Structures for FrÃ©chet Distance Queries

Given a curve $P$ with points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ in a streaming fashion, and parameters $\varepsilon>0$ and $k$, we construct a distance oracle that uses $O(\frac{1}{\varepsilon})^{kd}\log\varepsilon^{-1}$ space, and given a query curve $Q$ with $k$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, returns in $\tilde{O}(kd)$ time a $1+\varepsilon$ approximation of the discrete Frechet distance between $Q$ and $P$. In addition, we construct simplifications in the streaming model, oracle for distance queries to a sub-curve (in the static setting), and introduce the zoom-in problem. Our algorithms work in any dimension $d$, and therefore we generalize some useful tools and algorithms for curves under the discrete Frechet distance to work efficiently in high dimensions.
Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Illness in a Patient Receiving Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis

We describe a case of prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a patient receiving ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis. Viral RNA shedding, signs, and symptoms persisted for 69 days with resolution after administration of convalescent plasma and antiviral therapy. This case suggests risk for persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients treated with anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibodies and supports a role for humoral immunity in disease resolution.
Delinquency differences in daily emotional reactivity to mindfulness lapses

Delinquency is often associated with negative effects on well-being, and lapses in mindfulness are also associated with poorer well-being. The purpose of the current study is to examine how individual differences in delinquency are associated with emotional reactivity (i.e., within-person association between daily fluctuations in mindfulness and daily fluctuations in negative affect). Data were drawn from the Mindfulness and Anticipatory Coping Everyday study (MACE; Neupert & Bellingtier, 2019) where 107 undergraduate participants (aged 18–36) completed a 9-day daily diary study. On Day 1, participants reported baseline sociodemographic variables which included measures of self-reported delinquent behavior and peer delinquency. On Days 2–9, daily mindfulness lapses and negative affect were reported. Consistent with previous studies, higher levels of delinquency and decreases in daily mindfulness were each associated with higher negative affect. However, the current study extends past work with results from multilevel models showing that those who reported low peer delinquency were more emotionally reactive to mindfulness lapses than those who reported high peer delinquency. The same pattern was observed for self-reported delinquency; those who reported low personal delinquency were more emotionally reactive to mindfulness lapses than those who reported high personal delinquency. Fluctuations in mindfulness depend on individual differences in delinquency suggesting that both need to be considered simultaneously to understand emerging adults’ daily emotional well-being. The implications of these findings could indicate that efforts to boost mindfulness in emerging adults may be especially beneficial for the vast majority who are not involved in delinquent networks.
Energy analyses in Kolsky bar experiments

Abstract The Kolsky bar technique is based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory where mass and momentum are conserved such that force and displacement of a specimen are measured to obtain the stress-strain response of a material. Energy analysis in Kolsky bar experiments has not been systematically investigated despite potential insights into how materials dissipate or absorb energy during impact events. In this chapter, energy analysis in methods are presented in both the time and frequency domains, using a NiTi shape memory alloy as an example. Energy dissipation ratio is a useful means of quantifying the energy absorption capability of a material in the time domain. Energy analysis in the frequency domain provides additional information about how energy is distributed over a range of frequencies, which can inform better shock mitigation design. Interpretation of energy analysis in both domains is discussed for PMDI foam and TufFoam, silicone foam and rubber, as examples. The analysis techniques are used to investigate dissipation through a threaded joint interface as an example, though the analysis method is general and could be extended to any interface.
Finding Out Who You Are: A Self-exploration View of Education

This paper studies the value and optimal design of education when the main function of schooling is neither the human capital gain nor signaling but self-exploration. Students start school with different beliefs about their own states: whether they are talented hunters or talented gatherers. Education is a statistical experiment through which students exert effort and become more informed about themselves. In this setting, I find that education is valuable to students because it improves their chances of making the optimal choice of specialization. However, only those sufficiently uncertain about themselves find self-exploration valuable enough to exert the necessary effort. The optimal design of education requires that its information structure has greater power in rejecting the state for which the participating students have comparative disadvantage. This result suggests that it may be counterproductive to design education to persuade students into careers with higher observed productivity.
Analysis of Stresses in Subaqueous Tunnel Tubes

Stresses in a concrete tunnel tube with flexible horizontal ties, are analysed in this paper. The equations for computing stresses in the tube and ties are based on the Maxwell theorem of reciproca...
Nonlinear pH Control in a CSTR

pH control problems are charcterized by the severe nonlinearity arising from the titration curve. Given the general structure of the nonlinear dynamic model, consisting of material balances and chemical equilibria equations, a novel approach has been developed for the design of nonlinear controllers for pH processes. It consists of defining a new equivalent control objective which is linear in the states and using a linear control law in terms of this new control objective. The new control objective is interpreted physically as the Strong Acid Equivalent of the system. This approach has been developed for systems consisting of any number of acids and bases. Several methods for estimating or measuring the Strong Acid Equivalent on line are discussed. Computer simulations compare the performance of our control methodology to linear PI control for a weak acid/strong base system. The results show a dramatic improvement in control.
Excitation of the 4 lowest electronic transitions in methanol by low-energy electrons

We report differential and integral cross sections for electronic excitation of methanol by low-energy electron impact. Cross sections were measured for the four lowest-lying excited states at incident electron energies from 9 to 20 eV and at scattering angles from 5° through 130°. The measured cross sections were normalized against previously reported elastic scattering data determined using the relative flow method. Corresponding cross-section calculations were carried out using the complex Kohn variational method within a 7-channel close-coupling scheme and using the Schwinger multichannel method within an 11-channel close-coupling scheme.
Provably Good Channel Routing Algorithms

In this paper we present three new two-layer channel routing algorithms that are provably good in that they never require more than 2d-1 horizontal tracks where d is the channel density, when each net connects just two terminals. To achieve this result, we use a slightly relaxed (but still realistic) wiring model in which wires may run on top of each other for short distances as long as they are on different layers. Two of our algorithms will never use such a “parallel run” of length greater than 2d-1 and our third algorithm will require overlap only at jog points or cross points. Since in this wiring model at least d/2 horizontal tracks are required, these algorithms produce a routing requiring no more than four times the best possible number of horizontal tracks. The second algorithm also has the property that it uses uses at most 4n contacts, where n is the number of nets being connected.
Symmetric quark model analysis of the masses and decay rates for (70, 1−)-states

We have re-analyzed the (70, 1−)-representation ofSU6×O3 using the symmetric quark model of Greenberg and Resnikoff and the most recent experimental information. The eleven parameters of the model mass formula are determined by χ2, and predictions are obtained for the masses and mixings of all (70, 1−)-states. With these predictions and the assumption that decays are invariant underSU6w×O2Lz, partial widths for all decays of (70, 1−)-states into baryons in (56, 0+) and pseudoscalar mesons in (35, 0−) are computed and compared to experimental values. The predictions forS-wave decays are in serious disagreement with experiment but the predictions forD-wave decays, with one exception, are a reasonable first approximation in an average sense to the observed values. We could not, however, obtain a good fit to the masses andD-wave decay rates simultaneously. Therefore, either the mass formula does not correctly give the mixing of the states orSU6W×O2Lz is violated in the decays.
Prospect of New Nonlinear Organic Materials

Interest in the field of nonlinear optical properties of organic materials has grown substantially since the demonstrations of enhancement of second- and third-order nonlinear polarizabilities a decade ago. In other lectures of this school a greater amount of detail will be presented about specific materials or structures. In this lecture a broad view of organics in a subset of nonlinear optical effects (predominantly electronic nonresonant second- and third-order effects) will be given. Some reviews of research in this area, which contain far more detail and more complete references than are presented herein, are referenced for readers’ convenience[1–8].
Life and death in Hong Kong in an age of cosmopolitanism

Recent events in Hong Kong direct attention to a disturbing trend – the neglect of (selected) life. The society is increasingly discarding its policies and practices concerning immigrant workers, foreign pregnant women and impoverished men and women, whom it deems unworthy of protection or assistance. In this article, I argue for a radical cosmopolitanism that would entail a commitment not only to preventing the taking of life and building a non-killing society but also to the elimination of the structural conditions that disallow life to the point of death. Drawing on recent bio-political debates in Hong Kong, I consider the sovereign right over life and death within the neoliberal state. I argue that the state predicates neoliberal sovereignty on a systemic indifference to life; it calculates its bio-political decisions according to a bio-arithmetic of economic productivity and social responsibility; and it allows those whom it deems unworthy ‘to die'. As a potential counter discourse, I outline the coordinates and discuss the implications of a commitment to a radical cosmopolitanism.
Regulating Prison Sexual Violence

An end to sexual violence requires bodily autonomy, sexual self-determination, redistribution of wealth and power, and an end to subordination based on gender, race, disability, sexuality, nationality, and class. Because the project of incarceration does not align with bodily autonomy, sexual self-determination, redistribution, or anti-subordination, tensions arise within areas of law that purport to prohibit sexual violence in or through prisons. This article examines these tensions, analyzing the ways in which constitutional, statutory, and administrative law permit or require correctional staff, medical personnel, and law enforcement officers to control, view, touch, and penetrate bodies in nonconsensual, violent, and intimate ways — sometimes while using the rhetoric of ending sexual violence. In particular, the article focuses on searches, nonconsensual medical interventions, and prohibitions of consensual sex as ways that prison systems perpetrate sexual violence against prisoners while often complying with First, Fourth and Eighth Amendment law and the Prison Rape Elimination Act. While these practices harm all prisoners, they can have particularly severe consequences for prisoners who are transgender, women, queer, disabled, youth, or people of color. This article raises questions about the framing of sexual violence as individual acts that always take place outside or in violation of the law, suggesting that in some contexts the law still not only condones sexual violence, but also acts as an agent of sexual violence.
Accelerometer-Based Body-Position Sensing for Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Monitoring

Our objective is to validate the ability of 3 appropriately placed accelerometers to determine body position during ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring and to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method. During ambulatory (Holter) monitoring, the ability to know a patient's position (lying down, sitting, standing, or changing from one position to another) is important in the evaluation of common symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and syncope. Changes in body position are also known to alter the electrical axis of the heart, resulting in artifactual changes in QRS amplitude and ST-segment morphology. We have developed an ambulatory patient-monitoring instrument that, through the use of microfabricated accelerometers, can simultaneously record body-position information and 2 channels of ECG data. The accelerometers measure the effects of gravity and dynamic acceleration, allowing determination of a patient's orientation and movements. The accelerometer and ECG signals are input to a portable recorder and are filtered and digitized. Algorithms were developed to automatically determine body position. Ten healthy volunteers wore the device for 1 hour and followed a protocol of standing, sitting, walking, lying supine, and lying in the left and right lateral decubitus positions. An observer manually recorded times of position changes. Data were recorded and analyzed using software designed with MATLAB. The ability of the accelerometers and computer algorithms to determine body position was analyzed in terms of the sensitivity and specificity for each body position. The sensitivities for sitting, standing, walking, lying supine, lying right, and lying left were 98.8%, 99.2%, 95.5%, 99.1%, 98.9%, and 94.8%, respectively. The specificities were 99.7%, 99.4%, 99.6%, 99.0%, 99.8%, and 99.9%, respectively. The use of microfabricated accelerometers is a clinically feasible method to determine body position and can be applied to future studies correlating body position with ECG or other physiologic data.
Targeted proteomics using immunoblotting technique for studying dysregulation of ion transporters in renal disorders

Renal salt and water transport physiology has benefited tremendously from the rapid advance of proteomics. Proteomics developed as a fast-throughput means of screening for global changes in proteins in a selected tissue, organ or cell type, as a logical offshoot of similar comprehensive, messenger RNA array-type technology. Targeted proteomics utilizes similar techniques but examines a predetermined set of proteins. One approach that has been rigorously employed over the last 10 years to evaluate differences in renal protein abundances due to a treatment or genotype has been parallel semiquantitative immunoblotting using antibody arrays. This approach, and newer ones on the horizon, provide a rapid global overview of regulation of the individual proteins whose integrated action determines overall renal sodium or water reabsorption.
Rotational Motions of Muscle Proteins Studied by Saturation-Transfer Electron Paramagnetic Resonance:

The sensitivity of saturation-transfer electron paramagnetic resonance to rotational motion in the submillisecond range provides a means of studying rotational motions of the myofibrillar proteins of muscle and segments of these proteins. Estimates of these rotational motions have been made using purified proteins and supramolecular complexes that have been formed by assembly of purified proteins or isolated as such by partially disrupting the intact muscle cell. These motions are of particular relevance to an understanding of the molecular basis of energy transduction in muscle, where the force-generating step is generally believed to involve rotation of the myosin crossbridge about some point on the actin filament. By selectively introducing rigidly bound spin labels into specific muscle proteins and into specific regions of these proteins it has been possible to obtain insights into the molecular motions of myosin and actin, and into the nature of interaction between these proteins.
Ternary Ligand−Zinc−Hydroxamate Complexes

Because of the importance of the hydroxamic acid functional group in zinc protease inhibitors, we have measured the stability constants of the ternary complex LMG, where L is series of tridentate and tetradentate ligands containing amino, carboxylate, pyridyl, and/or imidazolyl groups as enzyme models and G is the guest molecule, acetohydroxamate or N-methylacetohydroxamate. All measurements were determined by pH titration which gave reproducible and reasonable results. A general correlation between binding of LMG and that of LM showed ligands that strongly chelated zinc gave less LMG formation. Surprisingly, no correlation was observed between ligand charge and LMG formation even though the guest, acetohydroxamate, is anionic. The pH value of the maximum formation of the ternary complex is also correlated to the acidity of zinc-bound water; more acidic zinc-bound water results in a maximum ternary complex formation at lower pH value.
Improved Tests for Comparing Treatments against a Control and other One-Sided Problems

Abstract Three multivariate “one-sided” testing problems are studied. All problems concern A: independent normal populations with unknown means and common unknown variance. For the first problem the null hypothesis is that all means are zero while the alternative is that each mean is nonnegative and at least one is positive. For the second problem the null hypothesis is that all means are equal and the alternative is that all of the first (k-1) means are greater than or equal to the mean of the last population (with strict inequality for at least one). The alternative for the second problem is called the “tree-top” alternative. For the third problem the null hypothesis is that all means are equal while the alternative is that the means are ordered, say nonincreasing. This latter alternative is called the “simple order” alternative. All three of these problems are discussed extensively in the book by Robertson, Wright, and Dykstra. We will assume that random samples of size n are drawn from each population...