cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sleep apnea in obese miniature pigs

Lonergan, Robert P., III, J. Catsby Ware, Richard L. Atkinson, W. Christopher Winter, and Paul M. Suratt. Sleep apnea in obese miniature pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 531–536, 1998.—We postulated ...
Abstract 196: Modulation of Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype Through Alternative Splicing

How alternative splicing (AS) regulates macrophage activation to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, which is causally implicated in cardiometabolic diseases, remains unknown. Because AS is a major mechanism by which cell-specific functions are derived from the genome, we hypothesized that it modulates inflammatory macrophage activation. In an unbiased approach to detect AS, we performed deep RNA-seq (~130 million reads/sample) on non-activated M0, M1-activated (18 hours LPS / IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory M2-activated (18 hours IL-4) macrophages of isogenic primary human monocyte derived macrophages from six individuals. At false detection rate (FDR)-adjusted P-value
Impact of the Use of a Standardized Guidance Tool on the Development of a Teaching Philosophy in a Pharmacy Residency Teaching and Learning Curriculum Program

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a standardized reflection tool on the development of a teaching philosophy statement in a pharmacy residency teaching and learning curriculum program (RTLCP). Pharmacy residents participating in the RTLCP over a two-year period were surveyed using a pre/post method to assess perceptions of teaching philosophy development before and after using the tool. Responses were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale to indicate level of agreement with each statement. For analysis, responses were divided into high (strongly agree/agree) and low (neutral/disagree/strongly disagree) agreement. The level of agreement increased significantly for all items surveyed (p < 0.05), with the exception of one area pertaining to the ability to describe characteristics of outstanding teachers, which was noted to be strong before and after using the tool (p = 0.5027). Overall results were positive, with 81% of participants responding that the reflection tool was helpful in developing a teaching philosophy, and 96% responding that the resulting teaching philosophy statement fully reflected their views on teaching and learning. The standardized reflection tool developed at Shenandoah University assisted pharmacy residents enrolled in a teaching and learning curriculum program to draft a comprehensive teaching philosophy statement, and was well received by participants.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GRAPHIC ORGANIZER INSTRUCTION ON THE COMPREHENSION AND RECALL OF SCIENCE CONTENT BY STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES

This study examined the effect of graphic organizers on learning‐disabled students’ acquisition and recall of science content. Twenty‐eight fifth‐ and sixth‐grade students with identified learning disabilities from three special education resource classrooms were taught content on fossil fuels. Students were randomly assigned to either a graphic organizer condition (GO) or a no‐graphic organizer condition (NoGO) and taught identical content from the basal science text for a 4‐day period. Three measures were administered the day after treatment completion to assess the effects of graphic organizers on immediate recall and comprehension: (1) oral‐free retell, (2) production tasks, and (3) choice‐response tasks. Two weeks later, students were given production and choice‐response tasks only. Results of multivariate analyses of variance indicated no statistically significant differences between the mean performance of students in the GO and NoGO conditions on either the immediate posttests, F (4, 20) ‐.75, p ....
Response of Brachymeria ovata (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) to Live and Freezer-Stored Pupae of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Storage of pupae of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner in a freezer maintained at −20°C for 150–250 d did not affect the ability of the chalcidid Brachymeria ovata (Say) to recognize them as hosts. Odors from live and freezer-stored pupae elicited significant olfactory and behavioral responses by B. ovata . When offered either 10 live pupae or 10 freezer-stored pupae, B. ovata parasitized significantly more (about twice as many) of the live pupae. However, when offered both five live and five freezer-stored pupae together, B. ovata parasitized, on the average, 16 times more of the live pupae. When presented with a choice between a freezer-stored pupa and a live pupa using a Y tube olfactometer, B. ovata showed a significant olfactory preference for the live pupa. When presented with a choice between a freezer-stored pupa and a blank cell, B. ovata was attracted to the freezer-stored pupa. Approximately the same length of time was required for B. ovata females to locate a live pupa as that required to locate a freezer-stored pupa when each pupal type was offered alone.
Changes of Nitric Oxide,Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase in Serum and Colon Dialysis Liquid of Children with Procrastinates Diarrheal Diseases and Their Intestine Mucosa Characteristics Under the Endoscopy and Their Significance

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mucosal changes in persistent childhood diarrhea under the colonoscopy and the clinical significance and changes of serum and the colon lavage nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) contents. Methods A total of 115 cases with persistent diarrhea from Mar.2009 to Jun.2010 were selected as persistent diarrhea group.One hundred and fifteen cases of other patients with acute diarrhea in the same period of hospitalization of 115 cases(acute diarrhea group)and 115 cases of healthy children(healthy control group) were selected as controls.The persistent diarrhea undergoing colonoscopy,the serum NO contents were measured by the method of nitric acid reductase,and the MDA contents were measured by the method of thiobarbituric acid reaction(TBA),while the SOD contents were measured by xanthine oxidase method. Results The patients undgoing colonoscopy showed abnormality especially in the left half colon,and the colonic mucosa of 1-2 mm size of herpetiformis changed with congestion erosion happened among the 43 cases;The edema and the erosion of the colonic mucosa happened among the 52 cases;The hyperemia and the edema of the colonic mucosa and the vascular network showed indistinctly among the 12 cases;there were 8 normal cases.The levels of NO,MDA and SOD in colonic lavage fluid of deferment diarrhea group before and after treatment had no significant differences(u=10.32,6.57,4.00,Pa0.05).There was no significant difference in the contents of NO and MDA between the persistent diarrhea group and the acute diarrheal disease group(u=0.85,0.78;Pa0.05),but there was significant differences in the contents of SOD(u=57.13,P0.01).There were significant difference in the contents of NO,MDA and SOD between the healthy control group and the persistent diarrhea group(u=12.07,10.53,17.70;Pa0.05) or between the healthy control group and the acute diarrheal disease group(u=14.70,9.79,7.33;Pa0.05).The contents of NO,MDA,SOD in the persistent diarrhea group after therapy were different significantly compared to those before therapy(u=7.99,6.80,12.84,Pa0.05).The contents of NO,MDA,SOD in the acute diarrheal disease group were significantly different compared to those before therapy(Pa0.05). Conclusions NO production generated oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation play important roles in diarrheal diseases and can lead to colonic mucosal damage.It was an important factor that protective factors(SOD) continued to reduce diarrheal diseases deferment is the important factors.
General Situation of Research on Storability of Rice

The storability of rice seeds is one of important agronomic traits.The article reviewed the research progresses in the evaluation system,mechanism and gene mapping of rice storability,with a view to providing the scientific reference for the study of rice storability.
Stepping into the Light: Conjugated Macrocycles with Donor–Acceptor Motifs

Colin Nuckolls describes the importance of D−A systems within nanohoops as reported by Darzi et al. and others.
RELATIONSHIP OF PELVIC INFECTION AND CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN

SUMMARY The approach to the patient with CPP with a history of PID remains a diagnostic challenge even for the experienced clinician. From the initial diagnosis of presumed PID to managing the pain that may result, using an approach that looks at all factors, not just antecedent PID, allows the practicing physician to avoid becoming too narrowly focused in his or her approach. A clinical starting point would assume all possibilities for pelvic pain and evaluate for each. Given the history of one or more episodes of PID, especially if documented with a prior laparoscopy, earlier investigation for adhesions could be justified in selected patients. If the pelvic examination further suggests a pelvic source, a laparoscopy performed early rather than late in the work-up would seem appropriate. The key to management of the patients who have CPP following PID is to use any and all available diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to identify the source(s) before assuming that the patient suffers only from the known sequelae of PID.
Political, Not Partisan: Service-Learning as Social Justice Education

By engaging in purposefully designed community work, we can involve students in conversations about social justice and their roles as community members. Service-learning is an engaged pedagogy that encourages students to explore social justice in depth. Social justice work, as well as service-learning, can often encourage students to become involved politically in issues they encounter. Given the Millennial Generation’s distaste for polarized political debates and the potential for overly political discussion to silence students, how can service-learning programs continue to support students’ social justice education and political engagement while avoiding partisanship? This article introduces the concept of justice-based service-learning (JBSL) and explores servicelearning as social justice education, including the philosophical foundations of socially just service-learning and the intersections of politics, social justice, and service. The author proposes six principles for creating political—not partisan—socially just service-learning.
Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Low-Income Neighborhoods in West Texas

To determine the prevalence of food insecurity and the coping strategies and to investigate the role of safety nets among low-income households in urban and rural west Texas.The Core Food Security Module, an 18-item scale, was used in a cross-sectional purposeful convenience sample comparing rural and urban households, whereas the demographic survey assessed participation in food assistance/safety net programs.Rural and urban neighborhoods in west Texas.Sample size of 191 participants from low-income households, predominantly African American and Hispanic people.Levels of food insecurity and use of safety nets.Comparisons between rural and urban households and between food-secure and food-insecure households were analyzed using the chi-square test of independence for categorical variables. Fisher's exact test was used whenever the number in each cell was < 5 in 2 × 2 contingency tables.Prevalence of household and child food insecurity in west Texas was 63% and 43%, respectively. Forgoing balanced meals was a common coping strategy. There was high intake of affordable energy-intense foods.The high prevalence of food insecurity in low-income households in west Texas led to high intake of energy-intense food with low nutrients, resulting in higher prevalence of anemia, obesity, and other chronic diseases. There was low participation in safety net programs. Educational interventions on food choices are recommended.
Numerical solution of the quantum Lenard-Balescu equation

The quantum Lenard-Balescu (QLB) equation provides an accurate description of weakly-couple plasmas. Unlike Landau/Fokker-Planck, the QLB equation is fully convergent and thus requires no input Coulomb logarithm. However, it contains a dielectric function that depends on the distribution, leading to a very complicated integro-differential equation. We present what we believe is the first numerical solution of the quantum Lenard-Balescu equation. We use a spectral expansion in Laguerre polynomials, which gives automatic conservation of particles and energy and enables an accurate integration over the dielectric function. Our method can also be used to solve the Landau/Fokker-Planck equation and we present comparisons with the QLB system for various equilibration problems.
Understanding of Sexuality and Reproductive Health Among Women With and Without Physical Disabilities

This study compares differences in how women with disabilities and women without disabilities learned about their sexuality and reproductive functioning. A written questionnaire was sent to a national sample of women with disabilities and their non-disabled woman friends recruited through independent living centers and announcements in the media. Responses were received from 504 women with disabilities and 442 women without disabilities. Participants were asked how old they were when they first learned about the physical aspects of sexual intercourse. Women with disabilities learned about the physical aspects of sexual intercourse at about the same age (M = 13.16) as women without disabilities (M = 12.93). The most commonly reported sources for learning about sexuality and sexual functioning for both groups were books and other printed material, having sex, partners, friends, and teachers in primary school. More women with disabilities received information from a woman with a disability and a rehabilitation counselor. Women in both groups indicated that sex was never or seldom the subject of general family conversation. On average the women with physical disabilities had their first date at age 16.6, which is later than women without physical disabilities (M = 14.91). Women with physical disabilities who reported having acquired sexuality information at a later age reported having sexual intercourse at an older age (M = 20.37) than women without physical disabilities (M = 17.75). Age at acquiring sexuality information was neither associated with frequency of intimate touch nor frequency of sexual intercourse. The results of this study can be used to generate recommendations for health care professionals concerning ways to respond more effectively to the special needs for sexuality information of physically disabled women.
A security evaluation of IMS deployments

The IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) portends major changes for all parties involved in the exchange of digital content and services. As the IMS architecture moves from specifications to implementations, real-world considerations can influence deployments in ways that have noteworthy security implications. In this work, we present and exemplify a systematic security evaluation of IMS deployments using a threat modeling approach. We also offer suggestions for possible mitigations where appropriate. The experiments conducted are on a production-class IMS deployment and a separate IMS testing environment.
Unresectable locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma treated with definitive radiation and gemcitabine.

e15127 Background: : Locally advanced Cholangiocarcinoma is typically difficult to treat if surgical resection or transplant is not an option. External beam radiation with chemotherapy is typically...
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spasticity: Historical Approaches, Current Status, and Future Directions

Introduction Millions of people worldwide suffer with spasticity related to irreversible damage to the brain or spinal cord. Typical antecedent events include stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, although insidious onset is also common. Regardless of the cause, the resulting spasticity leads to years of disability and reduced quality of life. Many treatments are available to manage spasticity; yet each is fraught with drawbacks including incomplete response, high cost, limited duration, dose-limiting side effects, and periodic maintenance. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a once promising therapy for spasticity, has largely been relegated to permanent experimental status. Methods In this review, our goal is to document and critique the history and assess the development of SCS as a treatment of lower limb spasticity. By incorporating recent discoveries with the insights gained from the early pioneers in this field, we intend to lay the groundwork needed to propose testable hypotheses for future studies. Results SCS has been tested in over 25 different conditions since a potentially beneficial effect was first reported in 1973. However, the lack of a fully formed understanding of the pathophysiology of spasticity, archaic study methodology, and the early technological limitations of implantable hardware limit the validity of many studies. SCS offers a measure of control for spasticity that cannot be duplicated with other interventions. Conclusions With improved energy-source miniaturization, tailored control algorithms, novel implant design, and a clearer picture of the pathophysiology of spasticity, we are poised to reintroduce and test SCS in this population.
Workforce, work hours, and workforce vitality: Toward new models of trauma coverage

There are growing problems with the supply of trauma surgeons and/or willingness to participate in trauma care. Solutions proposed include the use of nonsurgeon providers and the development of an acute care surgery model to enhance the attractiveness of training in the field. We propose that immediate modification of clinical operations within trauma centers may address some of these problems and improve patient care and safety. The use of structured shift work models with efficient systems for communication and handoff may improve workforce utilization and vitality both in the near and far term. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Interpersonal and communication skills, Practice-based learning and improvement, Professionalism, Systems-based practice. Republished with permission from: Grossman MD. Workforce, work hours, and workforce vitality: Toward new models of trauma coverage. OPUS 12 Scientist 2008;2(3):1-2.
Dueling for Trust in the Online Fantasy Sports Industry: Fame, Fortune, and Pride for the Winners

Trust is a necessary condition for many industries. However, trust may not be the most important factor driving participation in online fantasy sports gambling. In this research we examine how different classifications of gamblers (i.e., passive gamblers, problem gamblers, and pathological gamblers) perceive their participation in fantasy sports. We argue that trust is not commonly a primary consideration and that trust does not need to be present in these types of online transactions. To prove this relationship, a trust model is proposed to be tested in the context of online fantasy sports with a focus on the market leader in the industry: fanduel.com.
Green Relay Assisted D2D Communications With Dual Batteries in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks for IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) heralds a vision of future Internet where all physical things/devices are connected via a network to promote a heightened level of awareness about our world and dramatically improve our daily lives. Nonetheless, most wireless technologies in unlicensed band cannot provision ubiquitous and quality IoT services. In contrast, cellular networks support large-scale, quality of service guaranteed, and secured communications. However, tremendous proximal communications via local base stations (BSs) will lead to severe traffic congestion and huge energy consumption in conventional cellular networks. Device-to-device (D2D) communications can potentially offload traffic from and reduce energy consumption of BSs. In order to realize the vision of a truly global IoT, we propose a novel architecture, i.e., overlay-based green relay assisted D2D communications with dual batteries in heterogeneous cellular networks. By optimally allocating the network resource, our proposed resource allocation method provisions the IoT services and minimizes the overall energy consumption of the pico relay BSs. By balancing the residual green energy among the pico relay BSs, the green energy utilization has been maximized; this furthest saves the on-grid energy. Finally, we validate the performance of the proposed architecture through extensive simulations.
A novel Alzheimer's disease drug candidate targeting inflammation and fatty acid metabolism.

CAD-31 is an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug candidate that was selected on the basis of its ability to stimulate the replication of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells as well as in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 AD mice. To move CAD-31 toward the clinic, experiments were undertaken to determine its neuroprotective and pharmacological properties, as well as to assay its therapeutic efficacy in a rigorous mouse model of AD. CAD-31 has potent neuroprotective properties in six distinct nerve cell assays that mimic toxicities observed in the old brain. Pharmacological and preliminary toxicological studies show that CAD-31 is brain-penetrant and likely safe. When fed to old, symptomatic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 AD mice starting at 10 months of age for 3 additional months in a therapeutic model of the disease, there was a reduction in the memory deficit and brain inflammation, as well as an increase in the expression of synaptic proteins. Small-molecule metabolic data from the brain and plasma showed that the major effect of CAD-31 is centered on fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. Pathway analysis of gene expression data showed that CAD-31 had major effects on synapse formation and AD energy metabolic pathways. All of the multiple physiological effects of CAD-31 were favorable in the context of preventing some of the toxic events in old age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Environmental drivers of a microbial genomic transition zone in the ocean's interior.

The core properties of microbial genomes, including GC content and genome size, are known to vary widely among different bacteria and archaea 1,2 . Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this genomic variability, but the fundamental drivers that shape bacterial and archaeal genomic properties remain uncertain 3–7 . Here, we report the existence of a sharp genomic transition zone below the photic zone, where bacterial and archaeal genomes and proteomes undergo a community-wide punctuated shift. Across a narrow range of increasing depth of just tens of metres, diverse microbial clades trend towards larger genome size, higher genomic GC content, and proteins with higher nitrogen but lower carbon content. These community-wide changes in genome features appear to be driven by gradients in the surrounding environmental energy and nutrient fields. Collectively, our data support hypotheses invoking nutrient limitation as a central driver in the evolution of core bacterial and archaeal genomic and proteomic properties. Metagenomic analyses reveal that microbial genomes undergo a community-wide transition in size and GC content across a narrow depth range, indicating that nutrient limitation is a major driver in marine microbial genomic and proteomic evolution.
Development of a \(\upmu \)CT-based Patient-Specific Model of the Electrically Stimulated Cochlea

Cochlear implants (CIs) are neural prosthetics that are used to treat sensory-based hearing loss. There are over 320,000 recipients worldwide. After implantation, each CI recipient goes through a sequence of programming sessions where audiologists determine several CI processor settings to attempt to optimize hearing outcomes. However, this process is difficult because there are no objective measures available to indicate what setting changes will lead to better hearing outcomes. It has been shown that a simplified model of electrically induced neural activation patterns within the cochlea can be created using patient CT images, and that audiologists can use this information to determine settings that lead to better hearing performance. A more comprehensive physics-based patient-specific model of neural activation has the potential to lead to even greater improvement in outcomes. In this paper, we propose a method to create such customized electro-anatomical models of the electrically stimulated cochlea. We compare the accuracy of our patient-specific models to the accuracy of generic models. Our results show that the patient-specific models are on average more accurate than the generic models, which motivates the use of a patient-specific modeling approach for cochlear implant patients.
Arterial stiffness and cerebral hemodynamic pulsatility during cognitive engagement in younger and older adults.

Abstract This study examined central artery stiffness and hemodynamic pulsatility during cognitive engagement in younger and older adults. Methods Vascular-hemodynamic measures were completed in 19 younger (age 35 ± 1 yrs) and 20 older (age 69 ± 2 yrs) adults at rest and during a Stroop task. Aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, PWV) and carotid pulse pressure (PP) were assessed using applanation tonometry. Carotid stiffness was assessed as a single-point PWV using Doppler Ultrasound. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean flow and flow pulsatility index (PI) were assessed using transcranial Doppler. Cognitive function was assessed as accuracy and reaction time from the Stroop task. Results Older adults had lower accuracy scores and longer reaction times on the Stroop task compared to younger adults (p Conclusions Older adults experience increases in large artery stiffness during cognitive engagement possibly preventing effective buffering of pulsatile hemodynamic energy entry into the cerebrovasculature. This is important as pulsatile flow during cognitive engagement, and not mean flow per se, was related to overall cognitive performance.
Differential Settlement of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers

A differential displacement of the supporting system of a hyperbolic cooling tower is modeled by a five column segment of the shell base. An explicit relationship between the relative displacement and edge-load is derived from the Boussinesq solution for a semi-infinite sheet and adapted to the differential settlement model of the shell. Based on an approximate homogeneous solution to the bending theory equations for a hyperboloid of revolution, the boundary conditions are specified in terms of the stress resultants from the consideration of overall equilibrium and compatibility. An example shell with the dimensions of a typical hyperbolic cooling tower is studied to show the in-plane and bending stress resultants due to a unit relative displacement.
Energetic alpha particle deposition in a magnetized plasma

The problem of energetic alpha particle deposition in a dense, magnetized deuterium-tritium (DT) thermonuclear fuel has been studied numerically for the case of coulomb interactions in cylindrical ...
HPLC Methodology for Therapeutic Monitoring of Tamoxifen and Two Major Metabolites in Blood and Tissues

The non-steroidal anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen [I], is currently used extensively in treatment of metastatic breast cancer and other disseminated oestrogen-dependent tumours, as well as in the ‘adjuvant’ context. It is extensively metabolized in man to two major biologically active products: the N-desmethyl [II] and 4-hydroxy [III] derivatives [1–3] (see overleaf). The former has estrogenic activity while the latter is strongly anti-oestrogenic [4]. The relative binding affinities of I, II and III for oestrogen receptors [4] and relative blood levels in patients [2, 4, 5] who had received the drug
2017 Update on Pediatric Medical Overuse: A Review.

Importance Medical overuse has historically focused on adult health care, but interest in how children are affected by medical overuse is increasing. This review examines important research articles published in 2016 that address pediatric overuse. Observations A structured search of PubMed and a manual review of the tables of contents of 10 journals identified 169 articles related to pediatric overuse published in 2016, from which 8 were selected based on the quality of methods and potential harm to patients in terms of prevalence and magnitude. Articles were categorized by overtreatment, overmedicalization, and overdiagnosis. Findings included evidence of overtreatment with commercial rehydration solution, antidepressants, and parenteral nutrition; overmedicalization with planned early deliveries, immobilization of ankle injuries, and use of hydrolyzed infant formula; and evidence of overdiagnosis of hypoxemia among children recovering from bronchiolitis. Conclusions and Relevance The articles were of high quality, with most based on randomized clinical trials. The potential harms associated with pediatric overuse were significant, including increased risk of infection, developmental disability, and suicidality.
Electron microscopy of the bone-hydroxylapatite interface from a human dental implant

A titanium implant coated with hydroxylapatite was observed after removal from a human jaw. The hydroxylapatite coating and bonded bone were observed in the scanning electron microscope. The bone apatite interface was thinned to electron transparency by a special technique and observed in the transmission electron microscope at high magnification. Bone bonded directly to the apatite coating, and there was no evidence for a foreign-body reaction, fibrous tissue, or any altered structure in bone or ceramic at the bone-apatite interface. There was no transition layer between bone and apatite to atomic resolution. Lattice imaging of the ceramic coating and the direct attachment of bone to it provide evidence that the bone bonds chemically to the apatite. Hydroxylapatite is a most desirable implant material, and coating it on a metal substrate gives a strong, impact-resistant implant.
Zircon grain selection reveals (de)coupled metamictization, radiation damage, and He diffusivity

Abstract Broad variability in intrasample effective U concentration (eU) in zircon crystals is required to characterize zircon (U-Th)/He (zircon He) date-eU relationships that resolve thermal histories in ancient rocks. We describe a new protocol for selecting grains for zircon He thermochronometry that leverages visual crystal metamictization, a proxy for radiation damage accumulation, to generate a range in intrasample eU and zircon He date-eU/metamictization trends. Plane polarized light images, eU concentration, and zircon He data from 59 individual grains from six Proterozoic and three Archean North American granitoids reveal a progressive increase in crystal opacity and discoloration that correspond to increasing eU in each sample. Zircon eU ranges from 89 to 1885 ppm across the dataset and individual samples have eU variations of 538 ppm to 1579 ppm. Three Proterozoic samples yield distinct negative zircon He date-eU patterns with individual dates of ~908 to 20 Ma. Archean grains collectively define a negative date-eU trend from ~661 to 4 Ma. In contrast, three other Proterozoic samples yield uniform ~25 Ma zircon He dates over an 1800 ppm eU range, despite increasing eU with increasing metamictization. Simple thermal history models that account for coevolution of zircon radiation damage and He diffusion demonstrate visible metamictization and diffusivity are either coupled or decoupled depending on a sample's thermal history. Zircon He date-eU/metamictization pediments develop when variable but high eU grains with variable visual damage and closure temperature close with respect to He at the same time. Uniform dates with progressive increases in eU and visual damage, reflect decoupled He diffusion and visual damage, are associated with rapid cooling, and/or imply some forms of damage in zircon may not fully anneal.
Can IL-15 superagonist ALTer GVL?

In this issue of Blood , Romee et al report results of the first-in-human clinical trial of interleukin-15 (IL-15) superagonist ALT-803 in patients with hematologic malignancies relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). 1
Proceedings of the fourth ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the The Fourth ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN 2006), held in Hilton Alexandria Mark Center, Alexandria, VA, USA October 30, 2006. This year's workshop continues its tradition of being one of the premier forums for presentation of research results and experience reports on leading edge issues of ad hoc and sensor network security.The program committee accepted 16 papers, 7 30-minute presentation papers and 9 15-minute presentation papers. They cover a variety of topics, including trust, access control, privacy, secure routing, secure data aggregation and transmission, attacks and countermeasures, broadcast authentication and key management. In addition, the program includes a panel on security in ad-hoc and sensor networks. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for security researchers and developers.
Novel human ocular glutathione S-transferases with high activity toward 4-hydroxynonenal.

PURPOSE To study the distribution and expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes involved in detoxification of endogenously generated toxic products of lipid peroxidation, namely, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in human lens, retina, cornea, iris, ciliary body and to study their kinetic and structural properties. METHODS The authors have previously cloned and sequenced cDNA of mouse mGSTA4-4, which shows high activity towards 4-HNE. They have expressed it in Escherichia coli and have raised antibodies against the recombinant mGSTA4-4. In the present study, these antibodies were used in Western blot analysis and immunoaffinity chromatography to study the expression and to purify the human ortholog(s) of mGSTA4-4 from ocular tissues. RESULTS Western blot analyses of human ocular tissues indicated that a glutathione S-transferases (GST) isozyme immunologically similar to mGSTA4-4 was expressed in cornea, retina, and iris and ciliary body, but not in lens. This isozyme designated as hGST 5.8 was purified to homogeneity from human retina, cornea, and iris and ciliary body by immunoabsorption on immobilized antibodies against mGSTA4-4. The human ortholog of mGSTA4-4, designated as hGST 5.8 purified from all these tissues and pI value of 5.8, subunit Mr value of 25 k and blocked N-terminal. Amino acid sequences of CNBr fragments of hGST 5.8 isozymes of human ocular tissues showed a high degree of primary structure homologies with the corresponding regions of mGSTA4-4. There were noticeable differences in the amino acid sequences of hGST 5.8 of cornea, retina, and iris and ciliary body, suggesting the presence of several closely related hGST 5.8 subunits in the ocular tissues. This heterogeneity was due to tissue-specific expression rather than simple allelic polymorphism. The hGST 5.8 had about sixfold to eightfold higher activity toward 4-hydroxynonenal than 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, or CDNB. The catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of ocular hGST 5.8 for 4-HNE was about 100-fold higher than those for the alpha, mu, or pi classes of GST. In addition, hGST 5.8 expressed glutathione peroxidase activity toward phospholipid hydroperoxides and GSH-conjugating activity toward 9,10-epoxy stearic acid. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that hGST 5.8 isozyme(s) distinct from the alpha, mu, and pi classes of GSTs, are differentially expressed in human ocular tissues and may play an important role in protective mechanisms against endogenous toxicants generated during lipid peroxidation.
The Method of Complex Characteristics

We have seen that physically realistic transonic flow computations can be based on partial differential equations for the velocity potential and stream function that presuppose conservation of entropy. In terms of characteristic coordinates ξ and η we have $$ {\varphi_{\xi }}(\xi, {\eta_0}) = g(\xi ),\quad {\varphi_{\xi }}({\xi_0},\eta ) = \overline {g(\xi )} $$ The coordinates ξ and n can be specified in terms of the speed q and the flow angle θ by the formulas $$ {\varphi_{\xi }} = {\tau_{ + }}{\psi_{\xi }},\quad {\varphi_{\eta }} = {\tau_{{_{ - }}}}{\psi_{{\eta.}}} $$ where f is any complex analytic function. Prescription of a second arbitrary function g serves to determine φ and ψ as solutions of the characteristic initial value problem $$ ({c^2} - {u^2}){\phi_{{xx}}} - 2uv{\phi_{{xy}}} + ({c^2} - {v^2}){\phi_{{xy}}} = 0 $$ where ξ0 = η0 is a fixed subsonic point in the complex plane. With these conventions it turns out that 1 as can be seen from the uniqueness of the solution. Hence for subsonic flow the real hodograph plane corresponds to points in the complex domain where ξ0 = η0. To calculate φ and ψ paths of integration are laid down in the complex plane, and then a stable finite difference scheme is applied to solve the characteristic initial value problem (see Volume I).
Spectacular or Specious? A Critical Review of the Spectacular Few: Prisoner Radicalization and the Evolving Terrorist Threat

In the post-9/11 era, debates about the role American prisons play in contributing to “homegrown" or domestic terrorism grow with each passing year. However, much of the debate has been premised on alarmist rationales, political distortions, and plainly faulty analyses. The book, The Spectacular Few: Prisoner Radicalization and the Evolving Terrorist Threat by criminologist Mark Hamm is an attempt to assess the situation in the United States. As this book represents the first that tackles the question of prisoner radicalization, it is important on that count alone, for it has great potential to influence scholarship, law, and policy. This review critiques the book’s main thesis, which posits that prison conditions are the main cause of prisoner radicalization. Furthermore, it critiques the methods and samples used to substantiate this and other claims. Specifically, the critique shows how lack of proper method and rigorous analysis serves to propagate unfounded beliefs, including that prisons are breeding grounds for jihadist recruitment and for foreign networks like al-Qaeda. Hence, as a primary study of the issue, the book frustrates a better understanding of prisoner radicalization and its implications for institutional and national security. A proper review of the book’s successes and failures helps clarify key concepts and the scope of the problem, and hopefully, lead to better policies and more justice in the correctional context.
Register Variation Online

While other books focus on special internet registers, like tweets or texting, no previous study describes the full range of everyday registers found on the searchable web. These are the documents that readers encounter every time they do a Google search, from registers like news reports, product reviews, travel blogs, discussion forums, FAQs, etc. Based on analysis of a large, near-random corpus of web documents, this monograph provides comprehensive situational, lexical, and grammatical descriptions of those registers. Beginning with a coding of each document in the corpus, the description identifies the registers that are especially common on the searchable web versus those that are less commonly found. Multi-dimensional analysis is used to describe the overall patterns of linguistic variation among web registers, while the second half of the book provides an in-depth description of each individual register, including analyses of situational contexts and communicative purposes, together with the typical lexical and grammatical characteristics associated with those contexts.
Suicidal thoughts in low-income adolescents: a longitudinal analysis.

The aim of this study was to identify whether suicidal ideation in low-income adolescents is influenced by social environment and social support. We performed a growth curve model using a sample of 6687 low-income adolescents living in the Mobile, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The outcome for the present study was whether the participant had thought about suicide in the past 12 months. From 1998 to 2011, an average of 14.3% of the study participants indicated that they had considered killing themselves in the past 12 months on an annual basis (11.2–17.6%). Accounting for confounding factors, positive peer support, inevitability of violence, and having moved in the past year resulted in an increased risk, though the effect of inevitability of violence decreased over time. Meanwhile, elevated perceptions of contextual safety and increased parental warmth resulted in reduced risk. These findings suggest that social support and social context are important indicators of suicidal ideation in adolescents. Suicidal ideation is an important predictor of suicidal behavior. If suicidal ideation can be prevented, or predicted, then it is possible that suicidal behavior can be reduced.
Defending heaven's desirability

Bernard Williams famously argued that immortality would lead to intolerable tedium. If his conclusion is true, then we ought not desire any sort of blissful-type afterlife (heaven) that precludes death. I reconstruct Williams's argument and examine three possible defeaters for his premises: the possibility of infinite activity kinds, the inability to prefer justifiably non-existence over the enduring of suffering, and the existence of inexhaustible pleasures such as the deepening love relationship between family, friends, and God, if God exists. I will show that further attempts to reboot Williams's argument also fail to rule out the desirability of heaven.
Radical Markets by Eric Posner and E. Glen Weyl: A Review Essay

At a time when standards of living have improved more than any time in history, this book makes a proposal for radical change. It is based—loosely—on market design principles. The plan for attacking overlapping ownership is reasonably well thought out. Most of the book, however, proposes to use mechanisms designed for a narrow purpose; to attack real or imagined problems that they are ill-suited to solve. I conclude that while market design has a lot to offer when properly applied, the proposals here are not sufficiently well thought out to constitute a serious plan of action.
Has the Notion of “Transitions” in Paleolithic Prehistory Outlived Its Usefulness? The European Record in Wider Context

The archeological emphasis on “the transition” between “the” Middle Paleolithic and “the” Upper Paleolithic implies that these two putative cultural stages were real entities defined in absolute contradistinction to one another and that the passage between them was sharp and abrupt. While perhaps continuing to have value as heuristic devices when discourse demands reductionism, it is increasingly clear that each of these archeological concepts (or constructs) is characterized by great geographic and temporal variability and that many of the idealized attributes of the one are often found in the other, while others may be absent from sites of the time range in which they “should” be present. While there was cultural change in Europe between 45 and 25 kya, there had also been much during the c. 250,000-year course of the Middle Paleolithic and there would continue to be much during the remaining 15,000 years of the Upper Paleolithic—and beyond—as hominids continually (albeit at varying rates) adapted to major environmental and demographic changes. Change did not come uniformly across space or time and can be described as having been mosaic rather than monolithic in character. Of course, the situation is muddied by the parallel debate over the replacement (total or partial, fast or slow) of the Neandertals—a subject that is best left out of the purely archeological debate, at least at this time, since there is currently no actual proof for the presence of anatomically “modern” humans in Europe until 35 kya.
Synthesis and evaluation of 6-(dibromomethyl)-5-nitropyrimidines as potential antitumor agents.

A series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-5-nitropyrimidines have been prepared and evaluated for inhibition of proliferation of L1210 and H.Ep.2 cells in vitro. The most potent compound was 6-(dibromomethyl)-2-methoxy-4-morpholino-5-nitropyrimidine (11) (L1210, IC 50 = 0.32 μM; H.Ep.2, IC 50 = 1.6 μM). Of the 6-substituents incorporated, only CHBr 2 , CH 2 Br, and CHO were compatible with antiproliferative activity, while a wider variety of 4-substituents were tolerated. At concentrations near the IC 50 for antiproliferative activity, a delayed resumption of cell proliferation in L1210 cultures indicated that the activity of the compounds was short-lived and suggested they might act by an alkylation mechanism.
Exoskeleton-assisted gait training in persons with multiple sclerosis: A single group pilot study

Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility of conducting exoskeleton-assisted gait training (EGT) and the effects of EGT on gait, metabolic expenditure, and physical function in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design Single-group pilot study. Setting Research laboratory in a rehabilitation hospital. Participants Individuals with MS (N=10; mean age, 54.3±12.4y) and Expanded Disability Status Scale 6.0-7.5. Interventions All participants completed up to 15 sessions of EGT. Main Outcome Measures Timed 25-foot walk test at self-selected and fast speed, 6-minute walk test, metabolic expenditure of walking and timed Up and Go test were assessed during walking without the exoskeleton at baseline and immediate post training. Results All participants tolerated the training intensity and completed training without adverse events. After training, gait speed was improved and metabolic expenditure was reduced significantly during the timed 25-foot walk test at self-selected speed. Conclusions EGT is not only feasible but may also improve gait efficiency for persons with MS. Our observed improvement in gait speed was associated with reduced metabolic expenditure, which was likely because of improved neuromotor coordination. Further studies are required to investigate the effectiveness and integration of EGT in the continuum of MS rehabilitation.
Fundamentos e desafios constitucionais na sociedade da informação

Uma retorica subterrânea da Sociedade da Informacao consiste numa exaltacao do presente e de um futuro inventado nele moldado, e na exaltacao da tecnica e dos seus milagres utilitaristas. Questao de arte e tempo, de artesania laboriosa, o Direito, e muito em particular o Direito Constitucional, salvo excecoes aparentemente muito ligadas as novas tecnologias, nao parece, em essencia, muito compativel com a utopia tecnologica que parece entusiasmar alguns e sobretudo embalar o sono civico de muitos. O presente artigo nao alinha pela facilidade de incensar um caminho da servidao (este sim) que associaria o fim das metanarrativas pos-moderno, a estigmatizacao da modernidade, a proclamacao de um pretenso fim das ideologias e de que “nao ha alternativa” ao neoliberalismo. Pelo contrario, a desconstrucao deste discurso parece ser um primeiro caminho para um principio esperanca libertador.