cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of αA-crystallin Gene Expression LENS SPECIFICITY ACHIEVED THROUGH THE DIFFERENTIAL PLACEMENT OF SIMILAR TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL ELEMENTS IN MOUSE AND CHICKEN

The lens-preferred mouse alphaA-crystallin gene contains a conserved stretch (proximal element 2, +24/+43) in its 5'-noncoding region that we have previously shown binds nuclear proteins of lens and non-lens cells. The 5'-half of this sequence (PE2A, +25/+32) has consensus binding sites for AP-1 and other transcription factors. We show here by deletion experiments that PE2A is important for activity of the mouse alphaA-crystallin promoter and mediates phorbol ester and c-Jun responsiveness of this promoter in transfected lens cells. In vitro protein binding studies suggest that AP-1 complexes are capable of binding to PE2A. Our findings suggest that PE2A plays a role in mouse alphaA-crystallin gene expression through AP-1-mediated regulatory mechanisms. We propose that the mouse and chicken alphaA-crystallin genes are expressed with lens specificity using a similar assortment of transcription factors but with a different physical arrangement of their respective cis-elements within the promoter region. A fundamental role for AP-1 in lens-preferred expression of crystallin genes is consistent with the idea that a redox-sensitive mechanism is a selective force for recruiting lens crystallins.
Ronaldo Munck and Peter Waterman, eds., Labour Worldwide in the Era of Globalization: Alternative Union Models in the New World Order. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. vii + 269 pp. $79.95 cloth.

In the wake of the Russian Revolution, labor radicals believed that they had discovered the ideal organizational form: internationally affiliated parties of professional revolutionaries to coordinate the activities of national trade unions and mass political parties toward revolutionary ends. Communist “vanguard” parties proved capable of mobilizing masses but also of imposing dictatorial control over entire labor movements and for decades defended Joseph Stalin's hecatombs. Many of today's labor militants have ransacked the contemporary political scene for alternative methods of bringing unions into mass politics. The provocative and important collection edited by Ronaldo Munck and Peter Waterman argues that labor radicals should emulate social movements such as the peace, environmental, and feminist movements.
A mechanism-based classification of phantom limb pain

1. A mechanism-based classification of painDespite the abundance of literature on phantom limb pain, there remains no clear consensus on the mechanisms of the disorder: phantom limb pain has been attributed to genetic make-up [11,25], memories [3,21], neuromata [28], spinal plasticity [15], and cort
Effect of potassium loading on metabolism of aldosterone in rats

Abstract Thirty minutes after subcutaneous injection of 3H-aldosterone, the distribution of 3H radioactivity in the liver, kidney, small intestine, and plasma of rats who had been potassium-loaded for 2 or 4 days was demonstrated to be significantly altered. The total radioactivity (disintegrations per minute per gram) in both the homogenate and cytosol fractions of both the liver and kidney were markedly increased in rats maintained on the high-potassium diet. Of marked interest, both the quantities and percentages of nonextractable polar derivatives of aldosterone were significantly increased in these tissues during the 4 days of potassium loading. However, significantly smaller quantities of 3H radioactivity were demonstrated to be present in the small intestine of the potassium-loaded rats. Total plasma radioactivity and the quantities of the polar metabolites of aldosterone in the plasma were also significantly elevated in the potassium-loaded rats. The percentage of nonextractable radioactivity in the plasma also increased from 42% to 54% by 4 days of potassium loading. Interestingly, the halflife for aldosterone in the plasma, 11 min, was not altered following the potassium loading. The rates of biliary excretion of radiometabolites of aldosterone were not different from those of the control rats. These preliminary findings suggest that the overall metabolism of aldosterone is altered in potassium-loaded rats, leading to increased quantities of the polar metabolites of aldosterone in the plasma, the liver, and particularly in the target tissue, the kidney. These findings might indicate a relationship between the alteration in the metabolism of aldosterone and the increased secretion of potassium ions by the kidney when adaptation to potassium loading occurs in rats.
Effects of yohimbine on novel open field exploration of mice

The effects of the anxiogenic compound yohimbine on exploration of a novel open field was investigated. The drug had no effect on latency to enter the open field but produced a marginally significant increase in number of open field entries. The results suggest that yohimbine may have behavioral stimulant and/or anticonflict properties under some testing conditions. Such effects may limit its usefulness as a research tool for the study of anxiety.
Computation of turbulent flows on a CAST 10 wing using an upwind scheme

Two and three dimensional turbulent calculations around RAE2822, CAST 10 airfoils and a wing side-wall configuration are presented. A finite volume, cell-center method based on flux difference splitting schemes is used to solve the steady state thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations. Comparisons between the performances of different Riemann solvers and reconstruction schemes are also presented. The influence of a side-wall on the symmetry plane of a cylindrical CAST 10 wing is found to be highly sensitive to the turbulence modeling in the vicinity of the wing side-wall juncture.
2I-3 Integrated Optoacoustic Transducer

Optical methods for detection and generation of ultrasound have unique features attractive for high resolution imaging. Very small receiver elements in the order of 10 mum can be formed without compromising signal to noise ratio. Advances made during the recent years boosted the sensitivity of resonant optics devices for ultrasound detection. The detection limit of these devices outperforms that of a piezoelectric detector of similar size. Transmitter elements, utilizing thermoelastic effect, allow realization of nearly a point source for a wide bandwidth exceeding 100 MHz. These features could promote the development of very small 2D imaging arrays (less than 0.5 mm) with element spacing of 10 fim, operating at a bandwidth exceeding 50 MHz. Such a miniaturized ultrasound camera, providing real-time 3D images, would revolutionize interventional medical procedures such as angioplasty, and biopsy by providing real time guiding. However, there are still major challenges that have to be resolved, concerning the integration of ultrasound generation, ultrasound detection and signal delivery by optical methods, before a complete device operation could be demonstrated. In this work we describe our approach to device integration that addresses both issues of transmit/receive integration and optical signal delivery for arrays. An etalon resonator device for high frequency ultrasound detection was integrated with a thermoelastic film for optical generation of ultrasound. The integrated device forms a complete ultrasound transducer array. Basic pulse-echo characterization is demonstrated. A plastic graded index (GRIN) imaging fiber is suggested to deliver high density of optical signals between the device base and a remote imaging probe. A fiber of 1 mm diameter containing more than 6000 individual optical channels is used to connect the optical scanning setup and the etalon detector. Remote detection of acoustic test signals of a 50 MHz transducer is presented
ALPACA: a lightweight platform for analyzing claim acceptability

Internet users face challenges in evaluating the validity of online information. Such evaluation is not adequately supported by current tools; we outline some of the shortcomings of these tools, including centralization, lack of automation, and lack of user-centrism. We propose a set of design principles to mitigate these shortcomings and introduce ALPACA, A Lightweight Platform for Analyzing Claim Acceptability, which adheres to these design principles. ALPACA provides a graphical means of organizing the user's trust with regard to information claims and sources, as well as tools for examining the trust assumptions of others.
Traditional Beluga Drives of the lñupiat of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska

Traditional Beluga Drives of the lnupiat of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. CHARLES V. LUCIER and JAMES W. VANSTONE. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1995. Fieldiana, 25. Illustrations, references.
Group Mentoring: The Experience of Adolescent Mentees on Probation

Group mentoring is an innovative approach to working with vulnerable youth. This qualitative study examined a group mentoring program and the experience of youth participants involved with the juvenile justice system. Eleven mentees and two mentoring coordinators participated in a combination of focus groups and individual interviews, while participant observation was also employed. All participants indicated that the group mentoring program had a positive influence in their lives, helped them to make better choices, and provided a healthy weekly activity. Mentees identified the mentoring coordinator and the group activities as the most important aspects to the experience.
Dorsal column mapping via phase reversal method: the refined technique and clinical applications.

Author(s): Nair, Dinesh; Kumaraswamy, Vishakhadatta M; Braver, Diana; Kilbride, Ronan D; Borges, Lawrence F; Simon, Mirela V | Abstract: BackgroundSafe resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors can be challenging, because they often alter the cord anatomy. Identification of neurophysiologically viable dorsal columns (DCs) and of neurophysiologically inert tissue, eg, median raphe (MR), as a safe incision site is crucial for avoiding postoperative neurological deficits. We present our experience with and improvements made to our previously described technique of DC mapping, successfully applied in a series of 12 cases.ObjectiveTo describe a new, safe, and reliable technique for intraoperative DC mapping.MethodsThe right and left DCs were stimulated by using a bipolar electric stimulator and the triggered somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the scalp. Phase reversal and amplitude changes of somatosensory evoked potentials were used to neurophysiologically identify the laterality of DCs, the inert MR, as well as other safe incision sites.ResultsThe MR location was neurophysiologically confirmed in all patients in whom this structure was first visually identified as well as in those in whom it was not, with 1 exception. DCs were identified in all patients, regardless of whether they could be visually identified. In 3 cases, negative mapping with the use of this method enabled the surgeon to reliably identify additional inert tissue for incision. None of the patients had postoperative worsening of the DC function.ConclusionOur revised technique is safe and reliable, and it can be easily incorporated into routine intramedullary spinal cord tumor resection. It provides crucial information to the neurosurgeon to prevent postoperative neurological deficits.
TECHNIPION WAVE FUNCTION IN THE PRESENCE OF STRONG EXTENDED TECHNICOLOR

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the technipion wave function in technicolor scenarios where extended technicolor interactions play a significant role in the chiral symmetry breaking of technifermions. We show that under this condition technipions will behave as almost point-like structures up to the extended technicolor (ETC) scale. Experimental consequences of this feature of the technipion wave function are briefly discussed.
“Busing It” in the City: Black Youth, Performance, and Public Transit

In the years following the Civil Rights movement, the specter of racialized, specifically black, youth as thugs became a symbol of postindustrial anxiety and disappointment. Much of the activity of the young on mass transportation, which is interpreted as expressions of delinquency, is actually a performative engagement with adults' anxieties and with the cultural trope of urban, racialized youth as deviant.
The Korean War Revisited: A Selective Bibliography of U.S. Government Documents

On June 27,1950 President Truman ordered American air and naval forces to South Korea to provide support in that country's defense against the North Koreans. By June 30 U.S. ground forces had entered the battle. On July 7 the United Nations agreed to send troops to S. Korea, the UN's first armed response to aggression. General Douglas MacArthur was named commander of both the troops of the United States and the United Nations. Three years later, July 27, 1953, an armistice agreement was signed and the Korean War drew to a close.
Recovery of sexual activity with experience in aged male mice

Aged CBF1 male mice that have been housed in isolation for prolonged periods of time often fail to show any sexual behavior when exposed acutely to receptive females. To separate the potential effects of social isolation from those of aging, the sexual responsiveness of aged males was tested both before and after a series of five-day pairings with young females. About one-half of the old males showed a complete recovery of their sexual responsiveness following these repeated pairings. Other aged males showed only a partial recovery and still others remained totally unresponsive. Changes in physical endurance, testicular steroid titer and arousability are posed as possible bases for those instances of sexual recovery that were observed.
Origins of the EMC effect

Abstract The conventional nuclear (pion) and dynamical rescaling models of nuclear effects in deep inelastic scattering give similar results. We explain this, compare the two models, and find that dynamical rescaling mimics binding effects in the conventional model.
Antigen-Specific Development of Primary and Memory T Cells in Vivo

The expansion and contraction of specific helper T cells in the draining lymph nodes of normal mice after injection with antigen was followed. T cell receptors from purified primary and memory responder cells had highly restricted junctional regions, indicating antigen-driven selection. Selection for homogeneity in the length of the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) occurs before selection for some of the characteristic amino acids, indicating the importance of this parameter in T cell receptor recognition. Ultimately, particular T cell receptor sequences come to predominate in the secondary response and others disappear, showing the selective preservation or expansion of specific T cell clones.
The unique and additive associations of family functioning and parenting practices with disordered eating behaviors in diverse adolescents

To examine the unique and additive associations of family functioning and parenting practices with adolescent disordered eating behaviors (i.e., dieting, unhealthy weight control behaviors, binge eating). Data from EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens) 2010, a population-based study assessing eating and activity among racially/ethnically and socio-economically diverse adolescents (n = 2,793; mean age = 14.4, SD = 2.0; age range = 11–19) was used. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between adolescent dieting and disordered eating behaviors and family functioning and parenting variables, including interactions. All analyses controlled for demographics and body mass index. Higher family functioning, parent connection, and parental knowledge about child’s whereabouts (e.g. who child is with, what they are doing, where they are at) were significantly associated with lower odds of engaging in dieting and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, while parent psychological control was associated with greater odds of engaging in dieting and disordered eating behaviors. Although the majority of interactions were non-significant, parental psychological control moderated the protective relationship between family functioning and disordered eating behaviors in adolescent girls. Clinicians and health care providers may want to discuss the importance of balancing specific parenting behaviors, such as increasing parent knowledge about child whereabouts while decreasing psychological control in order to enhance the protective relationship between family functioning and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents.
Cytotoxicity of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4B toxin is mediated by the cadherin receptor BT-R3 of Anopheles gambiae:

We demonstrate for the first time the selective cytotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Cry4B toxin mediated by BT-R3 using a cell-based system, which employs High Five insect cel...
Carbonylation of Amines with a Tungsten(IV) Carbonyl Complex

Reaction of [(CO)2W(NPh)I2]2 (1) with 2 equiv of piperidine yielded (CO)2W(NPh)I2(pip). In the presence of excess amine, secondary amines (R2NH) were carbonylated to the formamides R2NCHO while primary amines (R‘NH2) were converted to the ureas R‘NHCONHR‘.
Engage with research participants about social media.

A growing number of participants in clinical trials are sharing information about their health online. It's time that the drug development community starts to examine how this social media use might compromise the integrity of research studies and how it might also offer new opportunities.
A New Species of Trichosomoididae (Nematoda) from Skin of Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), on the Texas–Louisiana Shelf, Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract: Eggs and larvae of Huffmanela oleumimica n. sp. infect red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860), were collected from the Texas–Louisiana Shelf (28°16′36.58″N, 93°03′51.08″W) and are herein described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs in skin comprised fields (1–5 × 1–12 mm; 250 eggs/mm2) of variously oriented eggs deposited in dense patches or in scribble-like tracks. Eggs had clear (larvae indistinct, principally vitelline material), amber (developing larvae present) or brown (fully developed larvae present; little, or no, vitelline material) shells and measured 46–54 μm (x = 50; SD ± 1.6; n = 213) long, 23–33 (27 ± 1.4; 213) wide, 2–3 (3 ± 0.5; 213) in eggshell thickness, 18–25 (21 ± 1.1; 213) in vitelline mass width, and 36–42 (39 ± 1.1; 213) in vitelline mass length with protruding polar plugs 5–9 (7 ± 0.6; 213) long and 5–8 (6 ± 0.5; 213) wide. Fully developed larvae were 160–201 (176 ± 7.9) long and 7–8 (7 ± 0.5) wide, had transverse cuticular ridges, and were emergi...
Five years' experience with continuous ambulatory or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis in children

In 93 children, end-stage renal disease was treated with the new dialytic methods of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) over 5 years. Modality survival rates at 36 months with CAPD, CCPD, or both were 20%, 93%, and 87%, respectively. Use of CCPD as the primary dilaytic method increased during the study period. The peritonitis rate was one episode per 11.8 patient treatment months and was similar with both CAPD and CCPD. Gram-positive organisms were cultured in 34% of these episodes of peritonitis. Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis was associated with a recurrence rate of 40% and led to catheter replacement in 45% of the episodes. Peritoneal membrane failure necessitating switching to hemodialysis was related to peritonitis in three patients. Of the 74 peritoneal catheters that required replacement, 70% were infected. Serial serum levels of urea nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase remained stable, whereas serum creatinine level rose slightly over time. Episodes of hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were observed at a frequency of one episode per 12.2, 4.6, and 2.5 treatment months, respectively. Blood transfusions were required in once per 1.5 and 3.3 treatment months in seven anephric patients and in 35 patients with their own kidneys, respectively (P=0.05). In prepubertal patients who received CAPD or CCPD for >1 year, little or no improvement in growth occurred in relationship to either chronologic or bone age.
Proficiency Metrics for Failure Prediction in High Performance Computing

The number of failures occurring in large-scale high performance computing (HPC) systems is significantly increasing due to the large number of physical components found on the system. Fault tolerance (FT) mechanisms help parallel applications mitigate the impact of failures. However, using such mechanisms requires additional overhead. As such, failure prediction is needed in order to smartly utilize FT mechanisms. Hence, the proficiency of a failure prediction determines the efficiency of FT mechanism utilization. The proficiency of a failure predictor in HPC is usually designated by well-known error measurements, e.g. MSE, MAD, precision and recall, in which less error infers the greater proficiency. In this manuscript, we propose to view prediction proficiency from another aspect—lost computing time. We then discuss the insufficiency of error measurements as HPC failure prediction proficiency metrics from the aspect of lost computing time, and propose novel metrics that address these issues.
Hybrid organic-inorganic membranes

The gas separation performance of a series of hybrid polyimide-silica membranes has been compared to Robeson's upper bound for various gas pairs. Exceptional gas separation was achieved primarily with crosslinked polyimides and with hybrid systems subjected to annealing treatments at elevated temperatures. The hybrid materials were prepared by carrying out sol-gel reactions of various alkoxysilanes in the presence of fully imidized polyimides, whose chain ends and backbone have been functionalized to different degrees with triethoxysilane groups. The alkoxysilanes employed included phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The presence of additional covalent linkage points along the polyimide backbone served to improve both, gas selectivity and gas permeability, primarily in the case of MTMOS-based hybrid materials. While TEOS and TMOS-based hybrid materials exhibited highly homogenous morphologies, the presence of alkyl groups in the PTMOS and MTMOS-based hybrid systems lead to morphologies of various degrees of phase separation.
Parallel, adaptive finite element methods for conservation laws

We construct parallel finite element methods for the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws in one and two dimensions. Spatial discretization is performed by a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method using a basis of piecewise Legendre polynomials. Temporal discretization utilizes a Runge-Kutta method. Dissipative fluxes and projection limiting prevent oscillations near solution discontinuities. A posteriori estimates of spatial errors are obtained by a p-refinement technique using superconvergence at Radau points. The resulting method is of high order and may be parallelized efficiently on MIMD computers. We compare results using different limiting schemes and demonstrate parallel efficiency through computations on an NCUBE/2 hypercube. We also present results using adaptive h- and p-refinement to reduce the computational cost of the method.
Notch pathway genes are expressed in mammalian ovarian follicles

Folliculogenesis is the process of development of ovarian follicles that ultimately results in the release of fertilizable oocytes at ovulation. This is a complex program that involves the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. Granulosa cells are necessary for follicle growth and support the oocyte during folliculogenesis. Genes that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells are beginning to be elucidated. In this study, the expression patterns of Notch receptor genes and their ligands, which have been shown to regulate cell-fate decisions in many systems during development, were examined in the mammalian ovary. In situ hybridization data showed that Notch2, Notch3, and Jagged2 were expressed in an overlapping pattern in the granulosa cells of developing follicles. Jagged1 was expressed in oocytes exclusively. Downstream target genes of Notch also were expressed in granulosa cells. These data implicate the Notch signaling pathway in the regulation of mammalian folliculogenesis.
Not Just Another Interlibrary Loan Librarian

Interlibrary Loan is an important medical library service, especially in libraries supporting patient care. Even in the digital age and the immediate availability of online medical journals, evidence-based reference databases, and e-textbooks, the National Network of the Libraries of Medicine and the National Library of Medicine's DOCLINE service enable critical evidence for practice not available locally to be obtained at the time of need. This article explains the reasons behind the author's interest and experiences in Interlibrary Loan services and what motivates her to specialize in that area of librarianship. Also described are the evolution and significance of Interlibrary Loan services in a regional teaching hospital library, and a brief history and description of DOCLINE and QuickDOC.
Flexible abbreviation of words in a computer language

An increasing number of computer programs are designed to accept and translate a symbolic, English-like language which facilitates communication between the user and the computer. A common feature of such programs is a pre-determined vocabulary of expressions for specifying the input to the program. This note describes a generalized technique for permitting flexible abbreviation of such expressions in order to further simplify the task of writing source programs.
Interactions between p53, hMSH2-hMSH6 and HMG I(Y) on Holliday junctions and bulged bases.

The ability of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, to recognize certain types of DNA lesions may represent one of the mechanisms by which this protein modulates cellular response to DNA damage. p53 DNA binding properties are regulated by several factors, such as post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation, regulation by its own C-terminal domain and interactions with other cellular proteins. Substrates resembling Holliday junctions and extra base bulges were used to study the effect of three nuclear proteins, HMG-1, HMG I(Y) and hMSH2–hMSH6, on the lesion binding properties of p53. Gel retardation assays revealed that the three proteins had varying effects on p53 binding to these substrates. HMG-1 did not influence p53 binding to Holliday junctions or 3-cytosine bulges. HMG I(Y) rapidly dissociated p53 complexes with Holliday junctions but not 3-cytosine bulges. Finally, the mismatch repair protein complex, hMSH2–hMSH6, enhanced p53 binding to both substrates by 3–4-fold. Together, these results demonstrate that p53 DNA binding activity is highly influenced by the presence of other proteins, some having a dominant effect while others have a negative effect.
An econometric analysis of ecological footprint determinants: implications for sustainability

Most research on the impact of income and other socioeconomic variables on the environment focuses on specific local environmental effects and not on the broader sustainability picture. We seek to fill the apparent gap in the literature, exploring whether and the extent to which income, economic openness, income inequality and the distribution of power influence sustainability. We employ ecological footprint data and from it derive a sustainability indicator, the ecological deficit. Using econometric analysis, we test the effects of our explanatory variables on the ecological deficit. While we find that economic openness appears to run counter to the goal of sustainability, the results for the other variables are more ambiguous and inconclusive.
On an interpretation of Hörmander's condition of local solvability

Abstract The goal of this paper is to discuss a relation between microlocal solvability and an existence of microlocally complete set of eigenfunctions. Any differential operator with constant coefficients is locally solvable and this property can be derived from the existence of a complete set of eigenfunctions ei〈x,ξ〉. In this paper we prove that Hormander's solvability condition {Rep, Imp}
Histopathologic and gross effects of testicular biopsy in the dog.

Abstract Eighty-one mixed breed intact male dogs were divided into three groups: Group 1 = left testicle biopsied by Trucut needle method (n=36); Group 2 = left testicle biopsied by Incisional method (n = 39); Group 3 = not biopsied (n = 6). The dogs were castrated 1 to 36 d following biopsy. The biopsy specimens and both testicles were examined for gross and histologic lesions. There was no effect of biopsy on testicle circumference. There was a positive correlation (r 2 = 0.93) between testicular circumference and occurrence of lesions. Incisional biopsies induced more gross lesions (67 vs 33%), and more histologic lesions (135 vs 43). The histologic lesions included hypospermatogenesis, coagulation necrosis, tubular degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. In addition, the lesions observed in Incisional biopsy specimens were of greater severity and incidence than Trucut biopsy specimens (87 vs 35%). It was concluded that Incisional biopsy induced an increase in frequency and severity of lesions compared with Trucut biopsy of the canine testicle.
Polarization coupling in unpolarized interferometric fiber optic gyros (IFOGs): effect of imperfect components

This paper describes a study on the effects of scattering between polarization states in the sense loop of depolarized Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyros. The focus of this study is on the effects of component imperfections (polarizers, depolarizers, etc.). In this approach a single scattering center is assumed to exist at an arbitrary point in the sense loop. Insight is gained into the relative importance of the various components and their imperfections.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Polarization measurements of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission following excitation and ionization-excitation of helium by fast electron, proton, and molecular hydrogen (H2+ and H3+) impact

We report intensive experimental and theoretical data corresponding to helium extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission in the 30-60 nm wavelengths range for e- + He, H+ + He, and Hn+ + He (n=2-3) collisions with impact velocities from 1.4 to 8.5 a.u. Specifically, the degree of linear polarization associated with HeI (1snp) 1Po levels, n=2-5, (λ=51.7 to 58.4 nm for n=2-5 to n=1 transitions) and HeII (2p) 2Po states (λ=30.4 nm) have been measured at intermediate- to high-energy range using a compact lightweight molybdenum/silicon multilayer mirror polarimeter (MLM). The combination of these polarization measurements with our previous total EUV cross sections has enabled us to determine experimental magnetic substate scattering angle-integrated cross sections σ0 and σ1for ML = 0, ±1, and 1 following excitation of He (1s2) 1S to HeI (1s2p) 1Po levels and ionization-excitation to He+ (2p) 2Po for electron and proton impact at a wide range velocities. The degree of linear polarization and obtained magnetic sublevel cross sections are compared to earlier theoretical calculations together with our recent 23-state R-Matrix, 1st and 2nd Born calculations. Such a detailed comparison may shed more light on the collision processes involved in positively and negatively single charge particle impact in helium. In particular it shows that electron-electron interactions play an important role in the ionization-excitation mechanism. In addition, this comprehensive database possibly will provide a deeper understanding of electron and proton induced jets in solar flare astrophysical investigations.
LiFe2Cln (n = 4–6) clusters: Double-exchange mediated molecular magnets

A systematic study of LiFe2Cln (n = 4–6) clusters, based on gradient corrected density functional theory (DFT), shows that the electron contributed by Li can transform antiferromagnetic Fe2Cln (n = 4 and 6) clusters into ferromagnetic clusters. In Fe2Cl6 (Fe2Cl4) cluster, the Fe atoms in +3 (+2) oxidation states are aligned antiferromagnetically, consistent with the super-exchange model. The extra electron from Li atom creates a charge disproportionation in the LiFe2Cl6 (LiFe2Cl4) cluster that mediates the double-exchange interaction between the Fe atoms. Antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition can also be induced by hole doping as seen to be the case with Fe2Cl5 which has a ferromagnetic ground state. Simultaneous electron and hole doping is also seen to impact on the magnetic properties of LiFe2Cl5 which can be viewed as (Fe2Cl4+LiCl). While Fe2Cl4 is antiferromagnetic and LiCl is nonmagnetic, the ground state of LiFe2Cl5 is ferromagnetic. We also analyzed the results with on-site Coulomb interact...
Imaging Findings in Sarcoid of the Humerus

While case reports have appeared in radiology literature previously about sarcoid involvement of the tibia, the spine and the pelvis, there are no case reports describing involvement of the humerus. We report a case of sarcoid involvement of the humerus secondary to pulmonary sarcoidosis. While the imaging findings are non-specific, they follow the pattern of imaging characteristics described in sarcoid of other large bones.
Production of angiotensinogen and renin-like activity by rabbit proximal tubular cells in culture

Production of angiotensinogen and renin-like activity by rabbit proximal tubular cells in culture. Recent studies suggest the presence of local angiotensin generating system in the kidney. By using in situ hybridization technique, mRNA for angiotensinogen has been shown to be present in the proximal tubule. In the present study, we have attempted to examine the production of angiotensinogen and renin-like activity by the proximal convoluted (PCT) and straight (PST) tubular cells. PCT and PST cells were obtained from microdissected rabbit proximal tubules and cultured in vitro. Angiotensinogen and renin-like activity were quantitated in culture media and cell lysates. It was found that PCT culture medium contained both angiotensinogen and renin-like activity, whereas only angiotensinogen was detected in PST culture medium. Support for de novo synthesis is provided by the observation that both angiotensinogen and renin-like activity in PCT culture medium increased in a time-dependent and hormone-sensitive manner in defined serum-free medium. These results thus demonstrate the actual production of angiotensinogen and renin-like activity by proximal tubular cells, and indicate that these locally synthesized components may contribute to the regulation of angiotensin generation in renal proximal tubule.
The kinetics of aggregation phenomena I. Minimal models for patch formation on lymphocyte membranes

Numerous biological processes involve the assembly of one or more monomers into aggregates or networks of interconnected units. In this paper we present the initial aspects of a mathematical theory for network formation on lymphocyte membranes. We assume the fluid mosaic membrane model is valid, that a lymphocyte possesses a homogeneous set of mobile but membrane bound receptors and that these receptors can form bimolecular complexes with antigen. We show that these complexes tend to aggregate and derive expressions for their size distribution as a function of time, antigen valence and concentration, and antigenreceptor affinity. At early times, the mass of the system (receptors plus antigen) is in very small aggregates. However under appropriate conditions, a critical time is reached at which they coalesce in such a way that the mass shifts, becoming concentrated predominantly in large aggregates. We assume that this coalescence (“patch” formation) is a necessary condition for lymphocyte triggering and briefly pursue the consequences. It is shown that the time required for patch formation is a sensitive function of affinity (K), antigen valence and antigen concentration (C), and that if KC is either too high or too low patch formation will not be possible. Moreover within the range of binding constants which can lead to patching, there will be an optimum value which leads to the fastest rate of triggering, and this optimum shifts to higher affinity as the concentration of free antigen surrounding the cell decreases. For optimum KC values we estimate times typically of the order of (10–100) seconds for patch formation. The theory also suggests that if antigen valence is too low, triggering will not be possible within times of interest, without introducing other factors. It thus leads naturally to a requirement for auxiliary cells which would tend to present low valence antigens in such a way that the B lymphocytes see an effective, increased valence. The theory, although primitive, thus meets some minimal requirements in that it distinguishes binding reactions from triggering reactions, makes predictions consistent with observations on affinity maturation and the nonresponsiveness to high doses and low doses of antigen, and suggests the need for helper cells (or their products) in order for low valence antigens to be effective in lymphocyte triggering.
Orientation and resonance locks for satellites in the elliptic orbit

Satellite orientation during deployment established in order to achieve maximum strength of higher rotational locks for satellites in elliptic orbits
Synthesis and characterization of silver halide nanowires

Abstract This paper describes a template-assisted synthesis of silver halide nanowires by anodization of silver nanowires in hydrohalic acid solution within an alumina template. The length of the silver halide nanowires was controlled by the charge passed during the anodization process. The silver halide nanowires were characterized using SEM and EDS to determine structural differences, electron beam sensitivity, Ag:X ratios, and other. The template-assisted synthesis is superior to traditional solution-based methods due to the uniformity and controlled shape of the silver halide nanowire product.
Islamic Law: Its Relation to Other Legal Systems

Islamic law has not been getting its fair share of attention from comparative law students in the West. The reasons are understandable, in particular the language barrier and the lack of interest, until relatively recently, in that part of the world where Islamic law prevails. There are a few available comparative studies covering parallel institutions of Islamic law and of the laws of some civil law countries, especially France. The purpose of this paper is not to add to the list of those specific studies, although extending the comparison to Anglo-American law is a worthy aim. This is rather an attempt at a more general comparison from a historical perspective, with special emphasis on the interaction, or lack of it, between Islamic law and the other major legal systems of the world.
Search for magnetic-monopole production by 300-GeV protons

In a search for magnetic monopoles, a steel beam dump has been exposed to 3.4 × 1016 protons of 300 GeV energy at the National Accelerator Laboratory. The search apparatus employed an 80-kG solenoid 50 cm long capable of extracting a monopole and accelerating it through a series of thin scintillation counters. A monopole would have been identified by its energy loss and range in the scintillators. No monopoles with magnetic charges in the interval from 1/6 to 24 times the Dirac magnetic charge were found. Finally, the upper limit at a 95% confidence level for the cross section per nucleon on iron is 6 × 10-42 cm2.
Isolation of Salivation Factor from Rhizoctonia leguminicola on Red Clover Hay

IN 1959 O'Dell, Regan and Beach1 in Missouri reported a new widespread toxicity problem associated with second-cutting red clover hay. Cattle and sheep which ate such hay slobbered excessively, went off feed, developed diarrhœa, bloat, stiff joints, and sometimes died. The toxic principle was organic in nature, slowly lost activity in solution and was soluble in water, ethyl alcohol and chloroform. Byers and Broquist2,3, investigating similar cases in Illinois, suggested that an alkaloid was involved, but did not identify the causal agent. Watson4 and Guss5 observed similar problems in dairy cattle consuming red clover hay.
Anisotropic microstructure-induced reduction of the Rayleigh instability for liquid crystalline polymers

Abstract We analyze a macroscopic 3D model for flows of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), deduced from Doi-type [3,4] kinetic equations. The Doi model accounts for rigid-rod microstructure, which introduces elastic relaxation and polymer-induced viscosity in addition to a Newtonian solvent viscosity, thus capturing all effects contained in standard isotropic viscoelastic models for Maxwell and Oldroyd B fluids. The rod-like microstructure further introduces anisotropic effects in the form of drag on the rods, together with a short-range, Maier-Saupe intermolecular potential, whose critical points vary with LCP concentration and yield stable isotropic (at low density) and nematic (at high density) equilibrium phases. From this single model, we compare various physical mechanisms for reducing the capillary instability of inviscid cylindrical jets: solvent viscosity as studied by Rayleigh and Chandrasekhar; isotropic viscoelasticity, both with and without Newtonian solvent viscosity; anisotropic polymer friction; and finally, the nematic, highly aligned prolate phase at high LCP density. Realistic parameter values for LCPs correspond to a regime in which the LCP capillary number (polymer bulk free energy relative to surface tension) is above an identified critical value; in such regimes, the unstable growth rates of the isotropic and nematic phases are lowered arbitrarily close to zero if the molecular drag is sufficiently anisotropic even in the absence of solvent viscosity. In low capillary number regimes, where surface tension dominates LCP bulk free energy, the LCP growth rates are sandwiched below the inviscid Rayleigh curve and above an explicit positive lower bound.
Comprehensive preventive health care in female-factor infertility: issues, problems and proposals

Presently available information on the causation and management of infertility disorders is sufficient for the formulation of some tentative proposals for the provision of preventive reproductive health care to females. This should be aimed at preventing the initiation of the infertility-associated disorder in the first place (primary prevention), at detecting and preventing overt manifestations of disease (secondary prevention) and/or halting or slowing disease progression, and at reducing long-term morbidity and preventing mortality (tertiary prevention). This review will suggest ways to implement such preventive strategies with respect to the care of women with endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, tubal pathology, and hypoestrogenism. We will also discuss the prevention of iatrogenic problems encountered during infertility management such as multiple pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, postoperative pelvic adhesions, and delayed referral for subspecialist care. These primary care issues should be considered by all physicians who care for females from infancy, through adolescence, to the reproductive and postreproductive age periods. We hope that dialogue and future developments will lead to further refinement of our present proposals.
TRIPS: A polymorphous architecture for exploiting ILP, TLP, and DLP

This paper describes the polymorphous TRIPS architecture that can be configured for different granularities and types of parallelism. The TRIPS architecture is the first in a class of post-RISC, dataflow-like instruction sets called explicit data-graph execution (EDGE). This EDGE ISA is coupled with hardware mechanisms that enable the processing cores and the on-chip memory system to be configured and combined in different modes for instruction, data, or thread-level parallelism. To adapt to small and large-grain concurrency, the TRIPS architecture prototype contains two out-of-order, 16-wide-issue grid processor cores, which can be partitioned when easily extractable fine-grained parallelism exists. This approach to polymorphism provides better performance across a wide range of application types than an approach in which many small processors are aggregated to run workloads with irregular parallelism. Our results show that high performance can be obtained in each of the three modes---ILP, TLP, and DLP---demonstrating the viability of the polymorphous coarse-grained approach for future microprocessors.
CD52 expression in hairy cell leukemia.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and circulating atypical lymphocytes with circumferential cytoplasmic projections. Although uncommon, HCL cases refractory to standard therapy occur, and effective alternatives are limited. There is evolving literature supporting monoclonal antibody therapy in the treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, including anti-CD52 (Campath-1H, alemtuzumab). We have examined nine cases of HCL and one case of HCL variant by flow cytometry for CD52 expression. All cases expressed CD52 antigen in 92-100% of the malignant cells. The demonstration of CD52 antigen expression on HCL cells provides the rationale for the use of alemtuzumab in refractory HCL.
Focal Activation of a Mutant Allele Defines the Role of Stem Cells in Mosaic Skin Disorders

Stem cells are crucial for the formation and maintenance of tissues and organs. The role of stem cells in the pathogenesis of mosaic skin disorders remains unclear. To study the molecular and cellular basis of mosaicism, we established a mouse model for the autosomal-dominant skin blistering disorder, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (MIM 113800), which is caused by mutations in either keratin K1 or K10. This genetic model allows activation of a somatic K10 mutation in epidermal stem cells in a spatially and temporally controlled manner using an inducible Cre recombinase. Our results indicate that lack of selective pressure against certain mutations in epidermal stem cells leads to mosaic phenotypes. This finding has important implications for the development of new strategies for somatic gene therapy of dominant genodermatoses.
Orthotic and Prosthetic Prescriptions for Today and Tomorrow

The prosthetic and orthotic field is in constant flux, with newer technology and materials being incorporated into everyday practice. Research into the field is increasing as interest in restoring or simulating lost human function becomes more of a reality with advances in computer and microprocessor technology. This article explores the world of braces and artificial limbs, and reviews the inherent challenges encountered during rehabilitation of patients who have these specific orthotic/prosthetic needs. The authors provide quick-reference tables and highlight critical information needed to manage patients. It examines newer technology being developed and gauges how close the field really is to the era of Steve Austin, television's Six-Million Dollar Man.
A Pilot Study of Motivational Interviewing Targeting Weight-Related Behaviors in Overweight or Obese African American Adolescents

Abstract Purpose To pilot motivational interviewing (MI) targeting weight-related behaviors in African American adolescents with body mass index ≥85th percentile. Methods A total of 44 adolescents were randomly assigned to MI or nutrition counseling with baseline and 3-month assessment. Results MI group reported improved eating behaviors and activity motivation. Conclusion Brief clinic-based MI interventions merit further study in this population.