cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seismic risk assessment of a steel building supported on helical pile groups

Designing structures to be the least vulnerable within earthquake-prone areas is a serious challenge for structural engineers. One common and useful tool that structural engineers use to predict the vulnerability of a structure during an earthquake is a fragility curve. However, most structural fragility curves do not take into consideration the contribution of pile foundation systems in the structural vulnerability. Therefore, this study aims to modify existing fragility curves of a six-story fixed-base steel frame hospital building with buckling-restrained braces, to incorporate the effect of helical pile group behavior on the fragility of the structure. To that end, a finite element model of the investigated structure was modified with results from a full-scale shake table test performed on two groups of helical piles embedded in dense sand supporting a superstructure. The primary results show that fixed-base design may not be conservative for all conditions and soil–foundation interaction should be considered when creating fragility curves, especially for a stiff structure on soft soils where a high-intensity earthquake is anticipated.
A Survey of Horse Selection, Longevity, and Retirement in Equine-Assisted Services in the United States.

Little published information exists on the horses in equine-assisted services (EAS), particularly their selection, longevity, and retirement. The purpose of this study was to characterize horses and procedures used in EAS. A pilot survey was developed using focus group discussions and distributed to Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship, International (PATH Intl) centers in Florida (n = 45, Part I) before further modification and distribution to members of PATH Intl., American Hippotherapy Association (AHA), eagala, and Certified Horsemanship Association (CHA) (n = 26,000, Part II). Response rates were 36% (Part I) and 0.7% (Part II). Centers report a median of 10 (Part I) or 9 (Part II) horses and ponies. Selection procedures included initial screening (Part I = 100%, Part II = 96%), pre-purchase or pre-donation exam (I = 64%, II = 60%), acclimation period (I = 100%, II = 84%), trial period (I = 91%, II = 90%), and other (II = 11%). Horses remained active in programs for less than a year to over 20 years with the greatest number working 7–10 (Part I) or 1–6 (Part II) yr. In Part I of the study, behavior (44%) was the leading cause of retirement followed by unsoundness (33%). In Part II, unsoundness was the highest ranked response followed by behavior. Behavior, soundness, and health emerged as key factors in horse selection and retirement. Future work should focus on investigating these issues at an individual horse level.
The Politics of Recruiting Dr. R Lee Clark Jr. as the First Permanent Director of The University of Texas MD Anderson Hospital for Cancer Research : Part II: The Process and Politics of Recruiting Lt. Colonel R. Lee Clark Jr. to The University of Texas MD Anderson Hospital.

Dr. R. Lee Clark Jr. was a man of bold and extraordinary vision. He was truly a surgical oncology leader of the twentieth century. His leadership had a significant impact on the cancer community nationally and internationally. Historically, it is intriguing that Dr. Clark almost did not become President of the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, since five other candidates were first offered the position and turned it down, and then Clark himself almost withdrew during the search process because of the political stalemate among the UT Regents to select a candidate. The saga began in 1945, when the Acting Director of MD Anderson Hospital for Cancer Research, Dr. Ernst Bertner, pressed the UT Regents to recruit a permanent Director, since he had just been appointed as the first President of the Texas Medical Center. Bertner was a major figure in recruiting Dr. R. Lee Clark, who was then a Lt. Colonel in the Army Air Force. Dr. Clark's vision for this unique cancer facility was first drafted on Randolph Army Airfield stationary in February 1946. An interesting twist to the story is that Dr. Clark almost did not get the job because of an alternative candidate, and because of the political vicissitudes among the University of Texas Board of Regents. Many of these political barriers were eventually overcome, and Dr. Clark was unanimously approved as the first permanent Director on 13 July 1946, and his leadership over the next 32 years changed the course of history.
Case 46: A Child Bitten by a Rabid Dog

Today you are working in the East African country of Eritrea. The hospital is small. You are to anesthetize a 4-year-old child for an elective tonsillectomy. The mother tells you that he was bitten by a rabid dog and has just completed the third vaccination post-exposure to rabies, according to the WHO guidelines. Otherwise, the child is well and you classify him as an ASA 1.
Flow Pattern Control by Entrainment Regulation

A technique for controlling the flow to a vortex zone trapped between the top of a shallow submerged slot outlet, the free surface, and two lateral wing-walls is examined experimentally to show that it may be used to control the flow pattern near the slot outlet. The range of wing-wall crest elevations for which flow patterns may be controlled is shown to be a function of wing-wall length. The stability of the flow pattern is also examined experimentally and found to depend, for a particular wing-wall spacing, on the submergence of the slot outlet and on a Froude number based on average outlet velocity and wall spacing. The flow pattern control technique may have value in back-fitting some existing outfalls on thermal power plant outlets where strict temperature control is required.
Separation of Serum Bactericidal and Opsonizing Activities for Haemophilus influenzae Type b

When assay conditions permitted bacterial growth, immune serum had no bactericidal activity for Haemophilus influenzae but promoted rapid phagocytic killing of this organism by human leukocytes.
Molecular requirements for haften binding to antibodies against glutamate and aspartate

Molecular requirements for hapten recognition by antibodies raised in rabbits against glutaraldehyde conjugates of L-glutamate and L-aspartate were determined in enzyme immunoassays by measuring the displacement of binding of glutamate and aspartate, respectively, by a large number of selected haptens to two anti-glutamate and two anti-aspartate sera. The results indicate that N-terminal modifications of the amino acids, such as the presence of an N-acetyl or N-carbamyl group or the addition of a second amino acid to form dipeptides with C-terminal glutamate or aspartate, are tolerated to variable degrees, more so by the aspartate than the glutamate antisera. The antibodies possess point-to-point recognition sites for the two carboxyl groups present in both amino acids. Strong shape complementarity between the amino acids and their respective binding sites is suggested by the lack of recognition of the appropriate D stereoisomers by any of the antibodies. Changes in the distance between the two carboxyl groups, or modification, replacement or loss of either or both carboxyl groups, strongly reduce or eliminate binding. Based on these results, we suggest that other antibodies raised to similar conjugates of these amino acids are likely to share similar recognition characteristics. In addition, the results provide a rational background for the evaluation of antibody specificity and the interpretation of results in immunocytochemical studies using antisera to glutamate and aspartate.
Linear feature detection using multiresolution wavelet filters

We detected roads in aerial imagery based on multiresolution linear feature detection. Our method used the products of wavelet coefficients at several scales to identify and locate linear features. After detecting possible road pixels, we used a shortest-path algorithm to identify roads. The multiresolution approach effectively increased the size of the region we examined when looking for possible road pixels and reduced the effect of noise. We found that our approach leads to an effective method for detecting roads in aerial imagery.
Elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with hypertension in community-dwelling adults

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a recently discovered endocrine factor, plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The present cross sectional study examined the relationship of FGF21 with hypertension in 744 community-dwelling adults who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
Experiências de quase-morte: implicações clínicas

CONTEXTO: Quando algumas pessoas vivenciam um estado proximo da morte, elas referem uma experiencia profunda de transcender o mundo fisico, o que frequentemente as conduz a uma transformacao espiritual. Estas "experiencias de quase-morte" (EQMs) sao relevantes para os clinicos pois produzem mudancas nas crencas, nas atitudes e nos valores; podem ser confundidas com os estados psicopatologicos, embora tenham consequencias diferentes necessitando terapeuticas diferentes; e, por fim, porque podem ampliar a nossa compreensao em relacao ao fenomeno da consciencia. OBJETIVOS: Esta revisao de literatura examina as evidencias relacionadas as explicacoes que tem sido propostas para o fenomeno das EQMs, incluindo expectativa, memorias do nascimento, alteracoes nos gases sanguineos, alucinacoes toxicas ou metabolicas e modelos neuroquimicos e neuroanatomicos. METODOS: A literatura sobre EQM dos ultimos 30 anos foi revisada de modo abrangente, incluindo bases de dados medicas, de enfermagem, psicologicas e sociologicas. RESULTADOS: As EQMs tipicamente produzem mudancas positivas em atitudes, crencas e valores, mas tambem podem levar a problemas interpessoais e intrapsiquicos. Esses problemas, embora tenham sido comparados a varios transtornos mentais, diferem desses quadros psicopatologicos. Varias estrategias terapeuticas tem sido propostas para ajudar individuos que apresentam consequencias problematicas de uma EQM, mas tais intervencoes ainda nao foram testadas. CONCLUSOES: A consciencia mistica e o funcionamento mental intensificado durante uma EQM, quando o funcionamento cerebral esta gravemente prejudicado, sao um desafio para os modelos atuais sobre a interacao cerebro/mente e podem, eventualmente, levar a modelos mais completos para o entendimento da consciencia.
Anomalous penetrant transport in glassy polymers VI. Effect of temperature on transport

Transport of liquid cyclohexane through well characterised, initially glassy, crosslinked polystyrene slabs was Investigated at 20, 30, 40, and 50°C. The samples used were produced by bulk polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene (DVB) at 90°C for 43 hr using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The samples tested had initial cross-linking ratios, X, between 5 and 25 × 10−3 mol DVB/mol styrene. The initial thickness of the samples tested varied from 0.25 mm to 1.80 mm, and the aspect ratio (length to thickness ratio) was maintained above 10;1 in order to analyze the results by one-dimensional transport equations. Cyclohexane uptake was followed as a function of time along with dimensional changes in the thickness and area of the samples. The results of penetrant uptake as a function of time were analyzed using a simplified exponential expression and employing all the data points from the beginning of the experiment until the time of observation of the maximum in uptake. Good correlations were established between the penetrant uptake and the transport temperature. These results were interpreted in terms of competitive relaxational and diffusional mechanisms.
Behavioral evidence for a cholinoceptive pontine inhibitory area: descending control of spinal motor output and sensory input.

Earlier studies have shown that microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine (carbachol) into the rostral pontine tegmentum of the cat elicits postural atonia. However, conflicting reports exist regarding other concomitant behavioral changes. The present study has demonstrated that a variety of functions supporting animals' responsiveness to external stimuli including postural somatomotor, sympathetic visceromotor and nociceptive somatosensory functions are differentially affected depending upon the injection sites. Sites associated with maximal effects on each of these functions are clustered in the dorsal pontine tegmentum, i.e. cholinoceptive pontine inhibitory area (CPIA). In a medial area of CPIA, which corresponds to an area caudal to the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden and ventromedial to the principal nucleus of locus coeruleus, postural somatomotor and sympathetic visceromotor functions were maximally suppressed. In a laterally adjacent area ventral to the principal nucleus of locus coeruleus, somatomotor function was predominantly suppressed. Nociceptive somatosensory function was primarily suppressed following microinjections into a more lateral area surrounding the lateral half of the brachium conjunctivum. Several lines of evidence suggest that each of these phenomena ultimately involves descending influences on the spinal motor output and/or sensory input. There was no correlation between maximal suppression of these spinal cord functions and signs of desynchronized sleep such as rapid eye movement. Carbachol microinjection into wide areas of CPIA also suppressed orienting behaviors. Taken together, these data suggest that CPIA is a system which primarily regulates animals' responsiveness to external stimuli, in part by influencing segmentally organized behaviors.
The destruction of epinephrine by the DOPA-oxidase system of ocular tissue.

1. SELIGMAN, A. 1l., et al. Ann. *Ntirq., 130. 3:33 (1949). 2. SELIGMAAN, A. ML, C'HAUNCEY, 11. II., and NAeILAS, Ml. M1. Rtain Technol., 26, 19 (19.)51). .J. SELIGMAN, A. M.. arid RUTE,NBURG., A. 'M. J. Ami. (lient. S'o(., 72, 3214 (1950). 4. NACHLAS, AL. 1., and(i SFELI\MAIN, A. M1. .J. AVatl. C(onCler Inst., 9, 415 (1949). 5. BARRNETT, R. J., and SELIGMAN, A. AI. Science, 114, 579 (1951). 6. SELIGMAN, A. MI., and MANHEIMER, L. 11. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 9, 427 (1949). 7. COHEN, R. B., et al. J. Biol. Chein., 195. 239 (1952). 8. COHEN, R. B., et al. Ibid., 607. 9. HUIGGINS, C., and SMITH, D. R. Ibid., 170, 391 (1947). 10. NEUBERG, C. Natnericissenschaften, 12, 797 (1924). 11. NEUBERG, C., and SIMON, E. IBiochein. Z., 156, 365 (1925). 12. ROSENFELD, L. Ibid., 157, 434 (1925). 13. HOMMERBERG, C. Z. physiol. Chewt., 200, 69 (1931). 14. COONs, A. H., LEDUc, E. H., ani(n KAPLAN, M. H. J. Expil. Jfed., 93, 173 (1951). 15. BARRNETT, R. J., and SELIGMAN, A. M. Science, 116, 323 (1952).
Knowledge Learning and Social Swarms in Cultural Systems

ABSTRACT In previous work it was observed that certain problem-solving phases emerged during the optimization process for a real-valued functional surface formed within a cones-world environment using a Cultural Algorithm. The Cultural Algorithm was configured using five knowledge sources in the belief space, and an Evolutionary Programming model for the population space. It turned out that the five knowledge sources exhibited a swarming behavior at the meta-level while solving the problem (Iacoban et al., 2003). In this paper we investigate whether this swarming behavior at the meta-level induces swarming at the population level. Our results suggest that the interaction or swarming of knowledge sources at the meta-level induce a swarming of individuals at the population level. That is, collective or flocking behavior rather than being initally intentional can be produced implicitly as a result of individuals using the same information to make their own individual decisions.
Ventilatory response to exercise correlates with impaired heart rate variability in patients with chronic congestive heart failure

In chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) an overactivity of muscle ergoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors may lead to an increased ventilatory response to exercise and contribute to the autonomic imbalance. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), which is a reliable method of studying autonomic regulations within the cardiovascular system, showed depressed HRV indexes in CHF, but predictors of abnormal HRV pattern in CHF remain controversial. Considering a common mechanism involved in generation of both abnormal ventilation and autonomic dysfunction in CHF, we hypothesized that impaired ventilation may be better than other variables of CHF severity in determining HRV parameters. Seventy-two patients with CHF (57+/-9 years, ejection fraction: 28+/-11%) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing; the relation between ventilation and carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) was used as an index of the ventilatory response to exercise. Time and frequency-domain measurements of HRV were derived from 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring. Patients had reduced exercise tolerance with abnormal ventilatory response (peak oxygen consumption [VO2max]: 17.8+/-5.5 ml/kg/min, VE/VCO2: 36.0+/-9.8). Correlations were found between HRV measures and etiology, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and VO2max, but the strongest relation was observed for VE/VCO2 slope (r values from -0.33 to -0.65, p <0.01). In the multiple regression analysis only VE/VCO2 was found to correlate independently with all HRV measurements. To investigate the role of peripheral chemoreceptor overactivity as the mechanism of autonomic imbalance and the increased ventilatory response to exercise, we assessed peripheral chemosensitivity in 22 patients (mean value of peripheral chemosensitivity: 0.62+/-0.34 L/min/%SaO2, significantly higher than in normal controls, mean value: 0.29+/-0.20 L/min/%SaO2 in our laboratory). The activity of the peripheral chemoreflex inversely correlated with all parameters of HRV. Increased ventilatory response to exercise correlated with depressed HRV measures in patients with CHF better than other clinical variables. An important role of the increased peripheral chemosensitivity in this relation may be relevant, being also a potential link between functional severity and sympathovagal imbalance in CHF.
Vibrational and Conformational Analysis of 5-Methyl-2-Hexyne

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra were obtained for 5- methyl-2-hexyne and wereinterpreted with the aid of normal coordinate calculations. The spectra and molecular mechanics calculations show the compound to exist in two spectroscopically distinguishable stable conformations, with the C1 conformer being only a little more stable than the Cs, conformer. Vibrational assignments were made for both conformers.
The averaging method and ergodic theory for pseudo-differential operators on compact hyperbolic surfaces

Let (X, g) be a Riemannian manifold with Laplacian Δ, and let A be a bounded ψDO on L2(X). The average A of A is defined as M(e−it√ΔAeit√Δ), where Mf; = limT → ∞((12T)∝−TTf(t)dt) (weak topology). Formally the principal symbol of A is MσA°Gt, where Gt is the geodesic flow. When Gt is periodic (or, with some modifications, completely integrable) A differs from M(OpσA°Gt) = Op(MσA°Gt) by a compact operator. We take up the opposite extreme where Gt is ergodic. When (X, g) is a compact hyperbolic surface, we may use representation theory of PSL2(R) to directly compare these averages. We find that M(Op(σA°Gt))≠ Op(M(σA°Gt)) = Op(σA) (σAis the space average, a constant). However, (Auk, uk)~ (M(Op(σA°Gt))uk, uk) (k → ∞), where {uk} is an ONB of Laplace eigenfunctions. The latter is known to be σA (at least along a “generic” sequence of Uk's).
Metabolism of cyclophosphamide by purified cytochrome P-450 from microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats

Abstract Incubation of [ 3 H]-sidechain-labeled and [ 14 C]-C(4)-ring-labeled cyclophosphamide (CPA) with purified cytochrome P-450 from liver microsomes of rats treated with phenobarbital resulted in the production of a major metabolite that contained both labels, was unaffected by diazomethane, possessed high polarity, was identical in TLC and HPLC behavior to a synthetic standard, didechlorodihydroxy-CPA, and was converted to CPA and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine by thionyl choloride. These results indicate that phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 is able to dechlorinate CPA and may account, in part, for the inability of phenobarbital to enhance the therapeutic activity and toxicity of this important anticancer and immunosuppressive agent.
The effects of smoking on acth and cortisol secretion

The relationship among changes in plasma nicotine, ACTH, and cortisol secretion after smoking were investigated. Ten male subjects smoked cigarettes containing 2.87 mg nicotine and 0.48 mg nicotine. No rises in cortisol or ACTH were detected after smoking 0.48 mg nicotine cigarettes. Cortisol rises were significant in 11 of 15 instances after smoking 2.87 mg nicotine cigarettes, but ACTH rose significantly in only 5 of the 11 instances where cortisol increased. Each ACTH rise occurred in a subject who reported nausea and was observed to be pale, sweaty, and tachycardic. Peak plasma nicotine concentrations were not significantly different in sessions when cortisol rose with or without ACTH increases, but cortisol increases were significantly greater in nauseated than in non-nauseated smokers. Our data suggest that smoking-induced nausea stimulates cortisol release by stimulating ACTH secretion and that cortisol secretion in non-nauseated smokers may occur through a non-ACTH mechanism. It is not clear whether nicotine or some other stimulus inherent in smoking is responsible for cortisol secretion without ACTH secretion.
Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U–230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes

article A suite of 23 basaltic to dacitic lavas erupted over the last 350 kyr from the Mount Adams volcanic field has been analyzed for U-Th isotope compositions to evaluate the roles of mantle versus crustal components during magma genesis. All of the lavas have ( 230 Th/ 238 U) N1 and span a large range in ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) ratios,
Self-efficaty: Cause or reflection of behavioral change?

Abstract Bandura has proposed the concept of self-efficacy as the fundamental basis of behavioral change. While the attempt to provide a unifying construct for understanding the effects of various behavior therapy procedures is laudable and likely to stimulate important research on the mechanisms of anxiety reduction, the model itself is less parsimonious than existing learning theory, places too much emphasis on reactive anxiety conceptions of neurosis, and is supported by empirical studies which fail to control a number of confounding variables. It is perhaps heuristic to view self-efficacy as a potentially important reflection of behavioral change mechanisms rather than as the mediator of such change.
Destinations of some fast-transported proteins in sensory neurons of bullfrog sciatic nerve.

: Many characteristics of proteins that are fast axonally transported have been described, but the destinations of most within the neuron remain unknown. We have studied the destinations of some fast-transported proteins in sensory neurons of the bullfrog sciatic nerve, specifically to determine which may be deposited in axons and which may be destined for more distal, possibly terminal, areas. Dorsal root ganglia were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine in vitro, following which they were separated from the sciatic nerve. After additional periods of transport, radioactive proteins from two areas of the nerve were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and used to develop x-ray film. The first area contained the wavefront of transported radioactivity (wavefront region), whereas the second area was taken from nerve through which the wavefront had already passed (plateau region). The amount of radioactivity in certain fast-transported protein species from each area was determined by computer analysis of digitized video images of fluorographs. Certain proteins were preferentially left behind the wavefront and, therefore, may supply axon and possibly other nerve components, whereas other proteins were found almost exclusively in the wavefront and, hence, may supply more distal, possibly terminal, areas.
Multiple Zinc Binding Sites in Retinal Rod cGMP Phosphodiesterase, PDE6αβ

The photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE6) plays a key role in vertebrate vision, but its enzymatic mechanism and the roles of metal ion co-factors have yet to be determined. We have determined the amount of endogenous Zn(2+) in rod PDE6 and established a requirement for tightly bound Zn(2+) in catalysis. Purified PDE6 contained 3-4-g atoms of zinc/mole, consistent with an initial content of two tightly bound Zn(2+)/catalytic subunit. PDE with only tightly bound Zn(2+) and no free metal ions was inactive, but activity was fully restored by Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), or Zn(2+). Mn(2+), Co(2+), and Zn(2+) also induced aggregation and inactivation at higher concentrations and longer times. Removal of 93% of the tightly bound Zn(2+) by treatment with dipicolinic acid and EDTA at pH 6.0 resulted in almost complete loss of activity in the presence of Mg(2+). This activity loss was blocked almost completely by Zn(2+), less potently by Co(2+) and almost not at all by Mg(2+), Mn(2+), or Cu(2+). The lost activity was restored by the addition of Zn(2+), but Co(2+) restored only 13% as much activity, and other metals even less. Thus tightly bound Zn(2+) is required for catalysis but could also play a role in stabilizing the structure of PDE6, whereas distinct sites where Zn(2+) is rapidly exchanged are likely occupied by Mg(2+) under physiological conditions.
Autologous blood injection for late-onset filtering bleb leak

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of autologous blood injections for late-onset filtering bleb leak. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all eyes that had autologous blood injection(s) for filtering bleb leak occurring at least 2 months after trabeculectomy at the Indiana University Medical Center. Successful treatment was defined as resolution of the bleb leak and no need for additional glaucoma medications. Failure was defined as a persistent bleb leak, intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg, or the occurrence of a vision-threatening event related to the procedure. RESULTS: Thirty-two eyes of 31 patients had autologous blood injection for filtering bleb leak and were followed for a mean of 4.9 months (SD, 9.2; range, 1 to 37 months). Twenty-three eyes (72%) were outright failures because of persistence of the leak. Nine eyes (28%) had an initially successful outcome, but the success rate decreased over time as bleb leaks recurred in three of the nine eyes at 5, 6, and 37 months. No patient characteristics correlated with outcome. Mean intraocular pressure increased from pretreatment to final examination (4.5 to 6.5 mm Hg, P = .003). Mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) vision remained unchanged from pretreatment to final examination ( P = .55). Blood seepage into the anterior chamber after autologous blood injection was common but transient. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous blood injection is of limited success in treating late-onset filtering bleb leak.
TGF-β1 expression in EL4 lymphoma cells overexpressing growth hormone

Abstract Our previous studies show that growth hormone overexpression (GHo) upregulates the expression of the IGF-1R and IGF-2R resulting in the protection of the EL4 lymphoma cell line from apoptosis. In this study, we report that GHo also increases TGF-β1 protein expression measured by luciferase promoter assay, Western analysis, and ELISA. Further, the data show that antibody to TGF-βR2 decreases TGF-β1 promoter activity to the level of vector alone control cells. GHo cells treated with 125 I-rh-latent TGF-β1 showed increased activation of latent TGF-β1 as measured by an increase in the active 24 kDa, TGF-β1 compared to vector alone control cells. The ability of endogenous GH to increase TGF-β1 expression is blocked in EL4 cells by antisense but not sense oligodeoxynucleotides or in cells cultured with antibody to growth hormone (GH). The data suggest that endogenous GH may protect from apoptosis through the IGF-1R receptor while limiting cellular growth through increased expression and activation of TGF-β1.
Arm Pain in Youth Baseball Players A Survey of Healthy Players

Background:Overuse injury in youth baseball players is increasing in prevalence, and these injuries have been correlated to pitching mechanics and pitch counts/types. Prior studies regarding arm pain in these athletes have focused simply on presence or absence of pain during the season rather than on detailed factors related to arm pain with respect to frequency, severity, and associated performance and psychosocial effect.Hypothesis/Purpose:The goal of this study was to investigate frequency, quality, and effect of arm pain in healthy youth baseball players. The hypothesis was that arm pain will affect a majority of healthy baseball players and will be associated with adverse psychosocial effects.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiological study.Methods:A novel survey focusing on arm pain in youth baseball players was developed for the purpose of this study. Survey questions were formulated by a consortium of trainers, clinicians, and coaches. Surveys were administered to healthy youth baseball players thro...
305 REGULATION OF SURFACTANT SECRETION FROM TYPE II CELLS MECHANISM OF TUMOR PROMOTER ACTION

Tumor promoter 12–0–tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is a potent secretagogue for surfactant release from lung: its mechanism of action remains unknown. Since TPA activates a Ca2+, phospholipid (PL) C-kinase in other cells we tested whether TPA alters surfactant release from isolated Type II cells in a Ca2+ dependent fashion and whether polymixin B, a known inhibitor of C-kinase, blocks effects of TPA. TPA caused a dose dependent release of 3H-choline labelled phosphatidylcholine (3H-PC) from purified rat Type II cells in primary culture: TPA was not toxic as monitored by lactate dehydrogenase release. Since C-kinase is a Ca2+ PL dependent enzyme, effects of calcium ionophore A23187 and TPA together on surfactant release were studied. TPA-induced (100nM) 3H-PC release was significantly potentiated by A23187 (10nM): Control 1.40±0.23%; A23187 1.61±.24%; TPA 3.30±0.40%; A23187+TPA 5.63±0.39% (p<0.001 for A23187+TPA vs. controU p<0.05 for TPA vs. control). Polymixin B, a known inhibitor of Ca2+ -PL kinase, partially blocked TPA-induced 3H-PC release: Control 1.17±0.17%; polymixin B 0.40±0.08%; TPA 4.07±0.34%; TPA+polymixin B 2.43±0.29% (p<0.05 for TPA vs. control and TPA+polymixin B vs. polymixin B alone). These data provide support for C-kinase involvement in regulation of TPA-induced surfactant secretion. Supported by the American Lung Association, NIH-HL-28623 and HD-11725.
The Red Balloon

DARPA's network challenge to find ten red balloons is inspiring for the multimedia community to imagine the possibilities of automated image searching with real-world scene matching and geolocation capability at a massive scale.
Synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of four-coordinate nickel complexes supported by a strongly donating scorpionate ligand

Abstract Two four-coordinate nickel complexes, HB( t BuIm) 3 NiBr and HB( t BuIm) 3 NiNO, were prepared by reaction of a bulky tris(carbene)borate ligand with NiBr 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and NiBr(NO)(PPh 3 ) 2 , respectively, and structurally and spectroscopically characterized. In addition to standard techniques, high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) was employed to understand the spin triplet ( S = 1) ground state of the bromo complex. HFEPR, combined with electronic absorption spectroscopy allows comparison of this novel complex with other paramagnetic four-coordinate Ni(II) species. The tris(carbene)borate ligand is a stronger σ-donor than corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)borates (traditional “scorpionate” ligands). The tris(carbene)borate ligand may also act as a π-acceptor, in contrast to tris(pyrazolyl)borates, which show relatively little π-bonding interactions. The influence of tris(carbene)borate substituents on the donor strength of the ligand have been elucidated from IR spectroscopic investigations of {NiNO} 10 derivatives. HFEPR spectra of HB( t BuIm) 3 NiBr exhibit hyperfine coupling from Br, which indicates the strong electronic interaction between Ni(II) and this halide ligand, consistent with studies on tris(pyrazolyl)borate Ni(II) complexes.
The difference between one tape and two tapes: with respect to reversal complexity

Abstract Reversal complexity on 1-tape and 2-tape Turing machine models discussed. We show that with respect to reversal complexity there is an intrinsic difference between 1-tape and 2-tape Turing machines. More precisely, we show that in the deterministic case, 2-tape Turing machines can simulate k-tape Turing machines without much increase in reversals while 1-tape Turing machines do not have such a property if P ≠ PSPACE; in the nondeterministic case, reversal complexity is “too” powerful to be a complexity measure on 2-tape Turing machines, but on 1-tape Turing machines it is a reasonable complexity measure which is linearly related to the space complexity.
Coexistent breast and vaginal granulocytic sarcoma

A 34-year-old woman developed a granulocytic sarcoma of the breast coincident with the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. Subsequent to the induction of leukemia remission, marrow relapse was preceded by development of breast and vaginal granulocytic sarcomas on two separate occasions. Granulocytic sarcoma is occasionally reported to involve reproductive organs, but the coexistence in two such organs is indeed rare. When granulocytic sarcoma occurs at other sites, it often precedes the development of overt leukemia. For this reason, granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass especially in a patient in whom blood smears reveal unusual or early forms.
Children's Engagement in Antidepressive Activities

Abstract The relationship between depressive symptomatology and engagement in activities designed to cope with depression was examined among 42 children (8 to 14 years old), their parents, and 167 college students. The Beck Depression Inventory and Children's Depression Inventory were used to assess depression in adults and children, and adult and child forms of Rippere's (1977) Antidepressive Activity Questionnaire were employed to assess the frequency of engagement in and helpfulness of antidepressive activities. For children, depression was more strongly correlated with the helpfulness of than with the frequency of engagement in antidepressive activities; for adults, depression was more strongly related to the frequency than to the helpfulness of antidepressive activities. Girls reported that antidepressive activities were more helpful in combating depression than did boys; women engaged more frequently in antidepressive activities and found such activities more helpful in alleviating depression than d...
Intramolecular fluorine migration via four-member cyclic transition states

Gaseous CF3+ interchanges F+ for O with simple carbonyl compounds. CF3+ reacts with propionaldehyde in the gas phase to produce (CH3)2CF+ via two competing pathways. Starting with 1-13C-propionaldehyde, the major pathway (80%) produces (CH3)2CF+ with the carbon label in one of the methyl groups. The minor pathway (20%) produces (CH3)2CF+ with the carbon label in the central position. The relative proportions of these two pathways are measured by 19F NMR analysis of the neutral CH3CFCH2 produced by deprotonation of (CH3)2CF+ at <10-3 Torr in an electron bombardment flow (EBFlow) reactor. Formation of alkene in which carbon is directly bonded to fluorine means that (in the minor product, at least) an F+ for O transposition occurs via adduct formation followed by 1,3-atom transfer and then isomerization of CH3CH2CHF+ to the more stable (CH3)2CF+. Use of CF4 as a chemical ionization (CI) reagent gas leads to CF3+ adduct ions for a variety of ketones, in addition to isoelectronic transposition of F+ for O. Met...
Modeling the thermal inactivation of phytase in steamed cowpea seeds.

Abstract Cowpeas at moisture content of 20 g water/100 g were steamed at 100 or 121 °C for 0–900 s. Steamed seeds were milled whole or fractioned into three layers (inner, middle, outer) using a customized drill. Residual phytase activity was assayed by measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate produced using an external source of phytate. A combined kinetic and heat/mass transfer model was employed to predict phytase inactivation in the three layers. Seeds milled whole showed residual phytase activity between 59.5 and 63.4%, which was generally lower than the activity measured in the layers (60.3–81.4%) for the same treatment combination. Phytase was not uniformly inactivated throughout the seed but was spatially dependent. The measured residual activity in the outer layer (66%) was lower than in the middle (73%) and inner (75%) layers after 900 s steaming. The combined model predicted the spatial distribution of residual phytase activity at any given time. Predicted inactivation values were lower than experimental values. The average relative error for phytase inactivation was 5.8%, 12.3% and 14.2% respectively for outer, middle and inner layers. Predicted and measured residual activities were closer in the outer layer as compared to the inner and middle layers.
Integrative network analysis unveils convergent molecular pathways in Parkinson's disease and diabetes.

Background Shared dysregulated pathways may contribute to Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes, chronic diseases that afflict millions of people worldwide. Despite the evidence provided by epidemiological and gene profiling studies, the molecular and functional networks implicated in both diseases, have not been fully explored. In this study, we used an integrated network approach to investigate the extent to which Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes are linked at the molecular level. Methods and Findings Using a random walk algorithm within the human functional linkage network we identified a molecular cluster of 478 neighboring genes closely associated with confirmed Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes genes. Biological and functional analysis identified the protein serine-threonine kinase activity, MAPK cascade, activation of the immune response, and insulin receptor and lipid signaling as convergent pathways. Integration of results from microarrays studies identified a blood signature comprising seven genes whose expression is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes. Among this group of genes, is the amyloid precursor protein (APP), previously associated with neurodegeneration and insulin regulation. Quantification of RNA from whole blood of 192 samples from two independent clinical trials, the Harvard Biomarker Study (HBS) and the Prognostic Biomarker Study (PROBE), revealed that expression of APP is significantly upregulated in Parkinson's disease patients compared to healthy controls. Assessment of biomarker performance revealed that expression of APP could distinguish Parkinson's disease from healthy individuals with a diagnostic accuracy of 80% in both cohorts of patients. Conclusions These results provide the first evidence that Parkinson's disease and diabetes are strongly linked at the molecular level and that shared molecular networks provide an additional source for identifying highly sensitive biomarkers. Further, these results suggest for the first time that increased expression of APP in blood may modulate the neurodegenerative phenotype in type 2 diabetes patients.
Evaluation of stridor

Despite enormous advances in the field of pediatric airway, stridor continues to be the hallmark sign of airway compromise. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of airway obstruction promotes early diagnosis. The diagnostic evaluation of stridor has progressed with newer techniques being studied. W
Deep-etch views of clathrin assemblies

Abstract Clathrin assemblies were adsorbed to mica and freeze-dried by a new procedure that yields 3-D images with much topological detail. These permitted renewed inquiry into how clathrin trimers (i.e., “triskelions”) assemble into polygonal coats or baskets. Freeze-drying revealed unsuspected differences in the relative shapes and dimensions of individual trimer building blocks, as compared with the completed polygonal networks, which indicate that the assembly scheme first proposed by Crowther and Pearse (1) requires modification. Specifically, the freeze-etch images display the following new features: (1) Trimer arms possess terminal scroll-shaped hooks that can open or close and thus determine their lengths. (2) When extended, trimer arms are sufficiently long to pass around three sides of the final polygonal facet. Since current views hold that the arms pass around only two sides, the remaining length, including the terminal hook, must point into the basket interior. (3) Freeze-dried trimers display bends in their arms at specific loci that determine their final distribution in the completed baskets. (4) The completed struts of the final assemblies are uniform in calibre, cylindrical in profile, and travel directly between the vertices of each polygon, without any sign of the slew or width-variation that is predicted by the Crowther and Pearse model. Based on this direct comparison of protomer vs product, by a single technique that can image both, we offer a modified scheme for clathrin coat assembly, in which we predict that the individual arms in each clathrin triskelion emanate from its center in a slewed manner, but the final assembled struts of the basket need not be slewed. Attempts were made to capture assembly intermediates on mica to obtain support for the new scheme, but these unfortunately yielded ambiguous images of incomplete polygons with blunt projections, rather than the expected “halo” of uncommitted trimer arms. These we interpret to be “dead ends” that failed to polymerize further because they included proteolyzed components. Further assembly experiments, avoiding such hazards, are indicated.
Seafood-associated disease outbreaks in New York, 1980-1994.

Abstract Background: Seafood-associated disease outbreaks in New York were examined to describe their epidemiology and to identify areas for prevention and control efforts. Methods: We reviewed reports submitted to the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) of seafood-associated outbreaks occurring from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1994. Results: During 1980–1994, 339 seafood-associated outbreaks were reported, resulting in 3959 illnesses, 76 hospitalizations, and 4 deaths. During this period, seafood-associated outbreaks accounted for 19% of all reported foodborne outbreaks and 10% of foodborne illnesses. Shellfish, the most frequently implicated seafood item, accounted for 64% of seafood outbreaks, followed by finfish (31% of outbreaks). Of the 148 seafood-associated outbreaks with a confirmed etiologic agent, Norwalk virus and scombrotoxin were the most frequently identified agents: Norwalk virus accounted for 42% of outbreaks and 42% of illnesses, and scombrotoxin accounted for 44% of outbreaks and 19% of illnesses. Three of the 4 seafood-associated deaths were caused by Clostridium botulinum ; the remaining death was caused by Vibrio vulnificus . Conclusions: Reducing the number of seafood outbreaks will require continued and coordinated efforts by many different agencies, including those involved with water quality; disease surveillance; consumer education; and seafood harvesting, processing, and marketing. New York's foodborne disease surveillance data highlight potential areas on which to focus prevention efforts, including: (1) commodities and associated pathogens causing the largest number of seafood-associated outbreaks and illnesses, namely shellfish-associated viral gastroenteritis and finfish-associated scombroid fish poisoning, and (2) venues at which seafood were most frequently consumed in reported outbreaks, such as commercial food establishments and catered events.
Ice Initiation in Natural Clouds

Selected concentrations of ice crystal concentrations attributable to nucleation are compiled and summarized. The variability in the observations is discussed, and some conclusions related to natural precipitation formation and to seedability are discussed.
Effect of dystrophin deficiency on selected intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the mdx mouse.

Background Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) show biological differences from the broader class of skeletal muscles. Yet most research regarding ILM specialization has been completed on a few muscles, most notably the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid. Little information exists regarding the biology of other ILM. Early evidence suggests that the interarytenoid (IA) and cricothyroid (CT) may be more similar to classic skeletal muscle than their associated laryngeal muscles. Knowledge of the IA and CT’s similarity or dissimilarity to typical skeletal muscle may hold implications for the treatment of dysphonia. Purpose The purpose of this study was to further define IA and CT biology by examining their response to the biological challenge of dystrophin deficiency. Method Control and dystrophin-deficient superior cricoarytenoid (SCA; mouse counterpart of IA) and CT muscles were examined for fiber morphology, sarcolemmal integrity, and immunohistochemical detection of dystrophin. Results Despite the ...
Separation of protein mixtures by extraction: Thermodynamic properties of aqueous two-phase polymer systems containing salts and proteins

Abstract A molecular-thermodynamic model is presented for predicting thermodynamic properties of aqueous two-phase systems containing polymers, electrolytes and proteins. The model is based on McMillan-Mayer solution theory and Guggenheim's extension to the Debye-Huckel limiting law to account for electrostatic forces between unlike ions. When coupled with experimental data reported here and previously reported osmotic-virial-coefficient data for proteins, the model is used to predict liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE), protein partition coefficients and electric potentials between phases for aqueous solutions containing PEG 8000, Dextran T-500, a strong electrolyte and bovine serum albumin. Predicted results are in fair agreement with experiment. Polymer-polymer and ion-polymer interaction parameters are determined from osmotic-pressure and low-angle laser-light scattering data for binary aqueous solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 or Dextran T-500, and for ternary aqueous solutions containing either of the above polymers and NACl, NaH 2 PO 4 or NaHSO 4 .
A metamodel based on MAGIC to predict the pre-industrial acidity status of surface waters

When assessing the acidification status for a body of water, a reference value that describes the natural state is often estimated. One way to define this reference is to use the biogeochemical model MAGIC. However, MAGIC requires too many input parameters and modelling skills to use for operational application at a regional scale where hundreds or thousands of objects need to be assessed. Here we explore the possibility of complementing MAGIC with a simpler metamodel. The metamodel, metaMAGIC, was calibrated to 95 lakes with pre-industrial ANC predicted by MAGIC. The lakes constituted a diverse population, spread across a region stretching 1360 km in a N-S direction. MetaMAGIC proved capable of estimating the pre-industrial ANC calculated by MAGIC with a validated median error of 13.2 μeq/L, using contemporary concentrations of base cations, SO42- and Cl- as predictors. In comparison with the commonly used SSWC-model, MetaMAGIC reproduces the pre-industrial buffering capacity reconstructed with MAGIC more accurately. An advantageous feature of the metamodel is that it allows the reference value to vary in response to short-term hydroclimatological influences. Hence it provides a more stable assessment when few contemporary measurements of water chemistry are available. This metamodelling approach is suggested as a useful tool for acidification assessment purposes, and more generally, for extending the information from complex biogeochemical models.