cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in behavior and monoamine laterality following neonatal clomipramine treatment.

Postnatal treatment between 8 to 21 days of age with clomipramine (15 mg/kg, twice daily) produces an animal model that has many of the behavioral hallmarks of depression. In this study, we investigated the enduring behavioral and neurochemical effects of this early treatment in adult animals. Locomotor activity was increased in clomipramine-treated males, but not females, relative to vehicle-treated subjects. Increases in anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze also were observed in clomipramine-exposed adults, but no sex differences were detected. Clomipramine-treated animals had shifts in the laterality of monoamines in limbic regions with lower serotonin levels on the right side while vehicle-treated animals had lower serotonin on the left side. The lateralization of dopamine content demonstrated the same pattern. This decline in monoaminergic content is consistent with clinical studies demonstrating decrements in serotonin as well as alterations in the lateralization of function in individuals with major depressive order.
Chelate rings in a quadruply bonded dimetal compound: Preparation and structure of diacetatodi(4-phenylimino-2-pentanonato)dimolybdenum

Abstract Lithium (4-phenylimino)-2-pentanonide reacts with Mo 2 (O 2 CCH 3 ) 4 to replace two acetate ligands and afford red, crystallineMo 2 (O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 [PhNC(CH 3 )CHC(CH 3 )O] 2 . The crystal and molecular structures have been determined by X-raycrystallography. The crystals belong to space group P 1 with a = 11.723(3) A , b = 10.402(2) A , c = 12.624(2) A ; α = 112.88(1)°, β = 95.04(1)°, γ = 107.01(1)°, and Z = 2. The structure has a cisoid arrangement of the bridging acetate ligands and one chelate ring on each metal atom. The unsymmetrical chelate ligands are so arranged that the virtual symmetry is C 2 . The MoMo distance is 2.131(1) A .
Adhesion of particulate specimens to support films for electron microscopy: a model system for assessing the surface properties of support films, and its application to chromatin particles.

SUMMARY Silica microspheres bearing a known surface charge were used to test the adhesive properties of support films and support film treatments commonly used in the electron microscopy of particulate specimens. Adhesion was strongly correlated with surface charge, negatively charged microspheres binding well only to positively charged support films and vice versa in solutions of low ionic strength. This charge dependency could be overcome by increasing the ionic strength to about 100 mmol with monovalent cations; under these conditions, it was not necessary to provide an oppositely charged film surface to obtain adhesion. Chromatin particles (nucleosomes) which have a net negative charge, behaved very much like the negatively charged silica with respect to adhesion, confirming that the microspheres provided an accurate indication of support film surface properties. The chromatin particles showed dramatic structural changes under conditions when adhesion was either poor, or very strong, indicating the need for careful selection of binding conditions for delicate biological specimens. A new and simple method for pretreating carbon films to improve adhesion was developed, and a preliminary account of this technique is presented.
Toward kuleana (responsibility): A case study of a contextually grounded intervention for Native Hawaiian youth and young adults

As a minority ethnic group, Native Hawaiian youth and young adults face an array of issues associated with colonization, such as persistent structural discrimination and the loss of land and indigenous ways of knowing. They are also at risk for a wide range of negative behaviors, including interpersonal violence, suicide, substance use, and juvenile delinquency. This article explores how community youth development, critical pedagogies, and Hawaiian epistemology can help Native Hawaiian young adults cope with such issues. It begins with a brief discussion of critiques on conventional youth violence prevention programs. To address these critiques, three bodies of literature are introduced: 1) community youth development, 2) critical pedagogy, and 3) community epistemology. Data were derived from a single case study of a community-based youth program. The program, located in an impoverished, rural community in Hawai'i, entailed running an organic farm. Seventeen participants were involved in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Utilizing critical indigenous qualitative research, a content analysis of the interviews was conducted to build a working conceptual model. Preliminary findings suggest that a program with key processes of community youth development, critical pedagogies, and Hawaiian epistemology may serve as a vehicle for health and wellness, thus preventing a host of negative behaviors, such as violence. Based on the findings, a critical contextually based approach to violence prevention that focuses on providing opportunities for Native Hawaiian young adults to take an active participatory role in promoting health is proposed.
15N and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 6-(fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo)purine 2′-deoxynucleosides: measurements and calculations

The N-15 and C-13 chemical shifts of 6-(fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo)purine 2'-deoxynucleoside derivatives in deuterated chloroform were measured. The N-15 chemical shifts were determined by the H-1-N-15 HMBC method, and complete N-15 chemical-shift assignments were made with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Inclusion of solvation effects significantly improved the precision of the calculations of N-15 chemical shifts. Halogen-substitution effects on the N-15 and C-13 chemical shifts of purine rings are discussed in the context of DFT results. The experimental coupling constants for F-19 interacting with N-15 and C-13 of the 6-fluoropurine 2-deoxynuleoside are compared with those from DFT calculations. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ADAPTIVE RADIATION IN THE HAWAIIAN SILVERSWORD ALLIANCE (COMPOSITAE-MADIINAE). II. CYTOGENETICS OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL HYBRIDS.

The Hawaiian silversword alliance of Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, and Wilkesia, in spite of exhibiting spectacular morphological, ecological, physiological, and chromosomal diversity, is remarkably cohesive, genetically. This is attested to by the ease of production of artificial hybrids and by the high frequency of spontaneous hybridization among such life forms as mat-forming subshrub, monocarpic rosette shrub, polycarpic shrub, cushion plant, tree, and vine. Even the least fertile of these hybrids is capable of producing backcross progeny. Moreover, first generation interspecific and intergeneric hybrids have been successfully used to produce trispecific hybrids in a number of instances. In general, the widest hybrid combinations have been as readily produced as crosses within a species. At present eight genomes or chromosome races distinguished by reciprocal translocations are recognized on the basis of meiotic analysis of artificial and spontaneous hybrids. Seven of these races are found among those species with 14 pairs of chromosomes. The eighth genome very likely characterizes all nine species of this alliance that have 13 pairs of chromosomes. The cytogenetic data indicate that redundancy of translocations involving the same chromosomes has been a recurrent theme in the chromosomal differentiation of these taxa. There appears to be little, if any, correlation between chromosomal evolution and adaptive radiation as assessed by gross habital differentiation in this group. However, within Dubautia, a novel ecophysiological trait associated with colonization of xeric habitats is restricted to species with n = 13. In contrast to the bulk of the Hawaiian flora, which is characterized by self-compatibility and chromosomal stability, it is suggested that the occurrence of self-incompatibility in the Hawaiian Madiinae may have favored selection of supergenes via chromosomal repatterning, and this may account for the diversity of chromosome structure seen in this group.
Energy summation in lateral geniculate postsynaptic responses and optic tract spike responses to large light flashes

Recordings were made from the lateral geniculate nucleus and optic tract in cats. The intensity and duration of a diffuse light was varied in a manner which allowed the recording of equivalent responses to equal energy pairs of stimuli. Estimates made from these data indicated that the period of energy summation was much longer for the optic tract than for the lateral geniculate responses. The human psychophysical literature was consulted, and the lateral geniculate responses were found to parallel estimates of energy summation measured by means of a brightness matching task.
Ephemera as Evidence: Introductory Notes to Queer Acts

(1996). Ephemera as Evidence: Introductory Notes to Queer Acts. Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 5-16.
Comparison of Corrected QT Interval as Measured on Electroencephalography Versus 12-Lead Electrocardiography in Children With a History of Syncope:

Long QT syndrome can present with neurological manifestations, including syncope and seizure-like activity. These patients often receive an initial neurologic evaluation, including electroencephalography (EEG). Our previous retrospective study suggested an increased prevalence of prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) measured during the EEG of patients with syncope. The aim of the current study is to assess the accuracy of the EEG QTc reading compared with the nonsimultaneous 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) in children with syncope. Abnormal QTc was defined as ≥450 ms in boys, ≥460 ms in girls. Forty-two children were included. There was no significant correlation between QTc readings in the EEG and ECG. EEG failed to identify 2 children with prolonged QTc in the ECG and overestimated the QTc in 3 children with normal QTc in the ECG. This study suggests that interpretation of the QTc segment during an EEG is limited. Further studies with simultaneous EEG and 12-lead ECG are warranted.
Three-Dimensionally Ordered Gold Nanocrystal/Silica Superlattice Thin Films Synthesized via Sol–Gel Self-Assembly†

Nanocrystals and their ordered arrays hold many important applications in fields such as catalysis, surface-enhanced Rainan spectroscopy based sensors, memory storage, and electronic and optical nanodevices. Herein, a simple and general method to synthesize ordered, three-dimensional, transparent gold nanocrystal/silica superlattice thin films by self-assembly of gold nano crystal micelles with silica or organosilsesquioxane by spin-coating is reported. The self-assembly process is conducted under acidic sol-gel conditions (ca. pH2), ensuring spin-solution homogeneity and stability and facilitating the formation of ordered and transparent gold nanocrystal/silica films. The monodisperse nanocrystals are organized within inorganic host matrices as a face-centered cubic mesostructure, and characterized by transmission electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Grey analytic hierarchy process applied to aeroengine health assessment

Aeroengine is a complex system, which is controlled by a number of interrelated factors and is difficult to estimate. To overcome the obstacles of conventional health assessment of aeroengine, this paper proposed an effectiveness evaluation method for aeroengine health assessment which combined the advantages of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a grey clustering method to guarantee the accuracy and objectivity of weight coefficients. After constructing an index system of aeroengine health assessment based on correlated factors involved in aeroengine health status, we confirmed the weight of every index with AHP and gave a general health assessment by means of a grey clustering method. A case study was conducted to validate the design of the underlying grey analytic hierarchy process (GAHP) model. Running results show the feasibility and reliability of the model, which will be helpful to realize the quantitative analysis in aeroengine health assessment and provide a decision support tool for decision makers.
Crisis in the U.S. Administrative State

This article analyzes the U.S. federal administrative state. The complex of institutions of the executive branch of the federal government-in historical and contemporary perspectives, with implicat...
Dynamic fault detection and diagnosis using neural networks

A neural network methodology for dynamic fault diagnosis is proposed. Moving windows cut the dynamic data into overlapping pieces. Then the segmented data are presented to the networks for training and generalization purposes. Some unique features associated with this methodology, namely the length of the moving window, the sampling rate, and the construction of the training data set, are studied. The proposed method has been successfully applied to a binary distillation process and shows superiority over the networks trained by steady-state data. >
Linearity analysis of intrinsically switchable ferroelectric FBAR filters

This paper presents the linearity analysis of intrinsically switchable ferroelectric thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) filters for the first time. The FBARs are based on the barium-strontium-titanate (BST) ferroelectric thin-film material. BST FBAR filters composed of two series FBARs and one shunt FBAR are designed, fabricated, and measured. Input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of more than 26 dBm for a 1.6-GHz filter with an insertion loss of 4.1 dB is obtained.
Involvement of a Salmonella Genomic Island 1 Gene in the Rumen Protozoan-Mediated Enhancement of Invasion for Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that may be more virulent than related strains lacking the multiresistance phenotype. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104 is the most prevalent of these multiresistant/hypervirulent strains. Multiresistance in DT104 is conferred by an integron structure, designated Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), while we recently demonstrated DT104 hyperinvasion mediated by rumen protozoa (RPz) that are normal flora of cattle. Hyperinvasion was also observed in other Salmonella strains, i.e., other S. enterica serovar Typhimurium phage types and other S. enterica serovars, like S. enterica serovar Infantis, possessing SGI1, while DT104 strains lacking SGI1 were not hyperinvasive. Herein we attempted to identify SGI1 genes involved in the RPz-mediated hyperinvasion of Salmonella strains bearing SGI1. Transposon mutagenesis, coupled with a novel reporter system, revealed the involvement of an SGI1 gene previously designated SO13. Disruption of SO13 expression led to an abrogation of hyperinvasion as assessed by tissue culture invasion assays and by bovine challenge experiments. However, hyperinvasion was not observed in non-SGI1-bearing strains of Salmonella engineered to express SO13. That is, SO13 and another SGI1 gene(s) may coordinately upregulate invasion in DT104 exposed to RPz.
American Negro Newspapers, 1880–1914*

The organizational and financial sides of Negro publishing are examined in this study of weekly newspapers before World War I.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Receptor- and Fas-associated FLASH Inhibit Transcriptional Activity of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Binding to and Interfering with Its Interaction with p160 Type Nuclear Receptor Coactivators

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its downstream transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) suppress glucocorticoid action, contributing to tissue resistance to glucocorticoids in several pathologic inflammatory states. p160 nuclear receptor coactivators on the other hand, contribute to the transcriptional signal of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) through interaction with it via LXXLL motifs in their nuclear receptor-binding (NRB) domain. To discover TNFα-induced factors that regulate GR activity at the coactivator level, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening using the NRB domain of the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) as bait. We found that FLICE-associated huge protein (FLASH), which transduces TNFα and Fas ligand signals, bound the NRB domain of GRIP1 at a region between the second and third LXXLL motifs. FLASH suppressed both GR transactivation and GRIP1 enhancement of the glucocorticoid signal and inhibited the physical interaction between GR and the GRIP1 NRB domain. Transfected green fluorescent protein-fused FLASH was located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, while endogenous FLASH shifted its subcellular localization from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in response to TNFα. FLASH antisense and super-repressor IκBα inhibited the action of TNFα independently of each other and additively. These findings indicate that FLASH participates in TNFα-induced blockade of GR transactivation at the nuclear receptor coactivator level, upstream and independently of NF-κB.
The transient responses of hybridoma cells to nutrient additions in continuous culture: II. Glutamine pulse and step changes.

Glucose and glutamine are the main nutrients used by mammalian cells in culture. Each provides unique biosynthetic precursors but are complementary for production of other metabolites and energy. The transient and steady-state responses of hybridoma growth and metabolism to glucose pulse and step changes have been examined. Metabolic quotients are reported for oxygen, glucose, lactate, ammonia, glutamine, alanine, and other amino acids. The glucose consumption rate increased by 100-200% immediately after glucose was added to the reactor, and the increased glycolytic ATP production appears to be responsible for the concurrent rapid decrease in the oxygen consumption rate. The effects on glutamine consumption were delayed, probably due to buffering by the TCA cycle and interrelated pathways. A period of increased biosynthetic activity, as evidenced by an increase in the estimated specific ATP production rate and lower by-product yields from glutamine, preceded the increase in cell concentration after the glucose step change. The biosynthetic yield of cells from ATP was calculated, and it was estimated that maintenance accounted for about 60% of the energy used by the cells at a specific growth rate of 0.66 day(-1). The estimated 22% ATP production due to glycoysis was twice as great as that before the step change.
Discrimination and classification of foraging paths produced by search-tactic models

Search tactics are cognitive processes, or decision mechanisms, that organisms use to locate available resources such as food, mates, refugia, and high-quality habitats. However, our knowledge of the actual tactics that animals use while searching for resources is limited, and very little empirical evidence has been accumulated. Therefore, we developed a suite of search-tactic models (1) to simulate possible searching behaviors of mobile organisms so that inferences can be made about their decision mechanisms, and (2) to determine the extent to which different models produce paths that approximate a globally optimal solution. The search-tactic models included deterministic and probabilistic searches in attempt to characterize biologically plausible searching behaviors. Classical linear multivariate methods (discriminant function analysis, Mahalanobis distances) and nonlinear artificial neural networks were used to discriminate the paths produced by the different models and to classify ‘‘unknown’’ foraging paths into one of the search-tactic models, based on the geometry of the resulting paths. Both linear and nonlinear analyses suggested that it is possible for animals to use a nearest-neighbor search tactic to search with near-optimum efficiency without having complete knowledge of the specific locations of all available resources. Furthermore, both methods of analyses demonstrated that it might be possible to use characteristics of foraging paths in an experimental setting to make inferences about the actual decision mechanisms animals use while searching for resources. Key words: computer simulation, discrimination, foraging paths, multivariate analysis, neural networks, searching behavior, search tactics. [Behav Ecol 15:248–254 (2004)]
MADDALENA CAMPIGLIA, “DIMESSA NEL MONDANO COSPETTO”?: Secular Celibacy, Devotional Communities, and Social Identity in Early Modern Vicenza

This essay challenges recent positionings that characterize explorations of Maddalena Campiglia's ties with the dimesse of Vicenza as evidence of a post-hoc strategy of ideological containment whereby literary history works to “cloister” the separated woman-poet within a socially acceptable rubic for early modern female identity. By arguing an interpretation of the figure of the dimessa as an index of both the secularization of female devotion in the period and the emergence of the socially legitimate “third state” of female secular celibacy, the essay instead demonstrates how the figure of the pious dimessa resonates with certain aspects of the identity cultivated by the author after her separation from her husband in 1580.
A developmental approach to evolving scalable hierarchies for multi-agent swarms

In this paper we present requirements for a successful learning approach for large scale multi-agent swarms: individual performance, cooperation and robustness. We then present a developmental, evolutionary approach for evolving hierarchical control structures for large (100-1000 agent), multi-agent swarms that addresses these requirements. Although hierarchical, the control structure does not suffer from single point of failures as do many hierarchical structures. The approach is tested on a novel problem for which a fully distributed swarm performs poorly. The results show that for some problems using an evolved control hierarchy to guide the agents leads to significantly better performance and scaling properties than fully distributed swarms using standard, simple behavioral rules. This research suggests that hierarchies are an important organizing feature to be considered for large multiagent tasks and that the efficient automated discovery of a hierarchy is an important research objective.
Anthracene and pyrene photolysis kinetics in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous-organic phases

Condensed phases in the atmosphere, such as cloud droplets and aerosols, often contain both water and organic matter (OM). Reactivity can differ significantly between aqueous and organic phases. We have measured photolysis kinetics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) anthracene and pyrene in several organic solvents and in water, as well as in miscible and phase-separated aqueous-organic mixtures at atmospherically-relevant wavelengths. Photolysis rate constants generally increased with increasing solvent polarity; photolysis of both PAHs was more than ten times faster in water than in octanol. Local polarity had a much greater effect on PAH photolysis kinetics than changes in PAH absorptivity or singlet oxygen concentrations. Photolysis kinetics in homogeneous aqueous-organic mixtures varied monotonically with2 OM volume fraction. Kinetics in immiscible (phase-separated) solutions were more complex, with different dependences on OM content observed in stagnant and turbulent solutions. Our results suggest that OM could greatly affect the photochemical lifetimes of PAHs in atmospheric condensed phases such as aerosols, even if the OM does not itself absorb photons.
How to Write a Case Report

Case reports are an important starting point for academic writing and for producing new, interesting, and educational information for the field. They usually describe a unique syndrome or disease, an unexpected relationship between relatively uncommon diseases or symptoms, unique or rare events or outcomes in describing a disease, or a unique therapeutic approach to an illness. Authors should not write a case report simply for the sake of writing. Rather, the case report must help improve understanding of a disease or improve therapy. Thus, detailed preparation is crucial, including a thorough literature search about the disease, treatment, and outcomes. A single outlying case or freak episode may unintentionally negatively influence some clinical practice. Hence, authors must remember that there is a great professional responsibility in providing a case report. Patient privacy must be preserved. All identifying information should be omitted unless essential for scientific purposes, and informed consent is often required. The structure of the case report should include the Title/Title page; Abstract (summary of the case) [only if required by the journal]; Introduction (purpose, worthiness of the case, based on references); Case Description (most salient parts of the case and its outcome); Discussion (presents the broad view of the case, its uniqueness, and contribution to the literature); Acknowledgements; and References.
Hologram multiplexing using two-step recording

We present a comparison of different two-step holographic recording schemes based on their multiplexing performance using a unified framework. The difference between the different schemes is mainly due to the energy levels and sources of the traps. The influence of effective trap density and recording and sensitizing intensities are addressed. It is shown that for low light intensity operation, the performance of the doubly-doped crystals is superior due to the lack of dark depopulation of the shallow traps. Usage of such crystals also results in the suppression of the intensity threshold that exists for two-step recording in singly-doped crystals. The promising potentials for improvements in the two-step holographic recording in doubly-doped materials is also addressed.
Chemical consequences of conformation in macrocyclic compounds

Abstract In this paper we show that the conformational properties of medium- and large-ring organic molecules have profound consequences on the stereochemical course of their chemical reactions. Kinetic enolate alkylations, dimethylcuprate additions and catalytic hydrogenations were examined on a variety of monosubstituted 8- to 12-membered macrocyclic ketones and lactones, and the diastereomeric composition of the products was determined. In many systems a single Me substituent provided enough conformational bias to allow highly stereoselective formation of new asymmetric centers. The diastereoselection exhibited by the reactions investigated appears to be intimately associated with the conformational properties of the macrocyclic substrates employed since simple molecular mechanics calculations allowed semiquantitative prediction of the product distributions in every case.
The lagged effects of racial discrimination on depressive symptomology and interactions with racial identity

Scholars agree on the negative impacts of racial discrimination on the mental health of African Americans (Brondolo et al., 2008). Yet research is needed to explore the impacts of everyday discrimination over time, especially compared to nonracial daily hassles, in an ecologically valid manner. It is also widely accepted that racial identity can moderate the impact of racial hassles (Sellers, Copeland-Linder, Martin, & Lewis 2006), but few studies have examined this moderating effect over time. The current study addresses gaps in the current literature by analyzing the relationship between reported racial and nonracial stressors over the course of four days. Participants were 225 college students at three institutions who participated in a 20-day daily diary study. Each day, participants reported whether they had experienced a stressful event and their depressive symptoms. We compared reports of depressive symptoms the day an event occurred and two days after for racial and nonracial stressors and examined whether racial identity served as a moderator. The results showed that individuals experienced similar increases for racial and nonracial stressors when events occur and similar decreases in the following two days. Additionally, symptom trajectories varied by racial identity. Implications for the understanding of racial discrimination's role in the well-being of African Americans are discussed.
Let this Jardines Grow: The Case for Curtilage Protection in Common Spaces

Areas immediately surrounding the home which are so “intimately tied” with the home’s activities protect Americans against warrantless search and arrest, or so says the doctrine of curtilage. However, courts have typically not extended curtilage protection to common areas, such as hallways, garages, or storage spaces within multifamily structures while they have recognized curtilage protection of similarly proximate spaces surrounding single-family homes. These courts rely almost exclusively on an individual resident’s inability to totally exclude others — landlords, repairmen, fellow tenants, or their guests — from these areas to conclude that these areas cannot constitute curtilage or that expectations of privacy within these spaces are not objectively reasonable. The Wisconsin Supreme Court did just that in State v. Dumstrey. Courts reluctance to recognize curtilage protection in multifamily dwellings creates a gap in privacy protection, particularly with respect to the urban poor, that belies deeply rooted privacy, property, and security interests. This Note argues that courts should utilize the licensing approach articulated in Florida v. Jardines to diminish the importance of the right to exclude, and that the Wisconsin Supreme Court should have taken this approach in Dumstrey.
Effect of chorionic gonadotropins on humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

In order to explain the depression of cell-mediated immunity observed during pregnancy, serum bloking antibody, as well as, known hormones, such as corticosteroids, progesterone, oestrogens and chorionic gonadotropins have been taken into consideration (for review see Fabris, Piantanelli and Muzzioli, submitted). That immune responses may be influenced by some female hormones is proven by the observation that in numerous species females outperform the males in terms of antibody production and that males may be turned off to female pattern by castration (Eidinger and Garrett, 1972). Moreover, the possibility that some female hormones may, in particular, depress cell-mediated immunity is supported by the observation that women taking oral contraceptives show a reduced “in vitro” blastic trasformation to P.H.A. (Barnes et al, 1974) and that the menstrual cycle itself may modulate P.H.A. responses (Fabris, Ghislieri and Bevacqua, submitted).
Frazerian Reflections: Wittgenstein on Beltane and Human Sacrifice

Hitherto, we have been concerned largely with themes thrown up in the first set of Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough, questions to do with the principles of magic, with anthropological method, with expressive and intellectualist interpretations of religious rites, and so on. In those notes written in the early 1930s, Wittgenstein surveyed many aspects of The Golden Bough and was savagely critical of Frazer. When, however, we turn to the later notes, written around 1948, we find a very different picture. Here, Wittgenstein is discussing only one aspect of The Golden Bough — namely, Frazer’s characterization of the Beltane fire-festival — and, furthermore, no vicious attacks on Frazer are launched. Indeed, the argument of the later set of notes is in places not dissimilar to the oft-voiced comments made in The Golden Bough about religion’s roots in human nature. Although these remarks have a small scope, they are of great interest and significance. Accordingly, the entirety of this chapter will be given over to a examination of Wittgenstein’s thoughts on the fire-festivals of Europe. First, however, we should familiarize ourselves with the nature of the Beltane festival and with what Frazer has to say about it.
Reply to Comments on Measures of Obesity and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

To the editors, We appreciate the comments by Mendell et. al. regarding our study “Measures of Obesity and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis”. We are also pleased to review the results of the study by Harsoe, et. al. confirming our findings that obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), is associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease (CD)1. We did not initially reference this study since it was published after our paper was initially submitted to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases1,2. As stated in our methods section, we did examine the possibility of a non-linear association between obesity and risk of CD and UC using a previously reported non-parametric cubic spline method3. This method allowed us to examine non-linear associations including J- and U-shaped relationships between obesity of risk of CD. However, we did not find such associations between baseline BMI, updated BMI, BMI at age 18, and risk of CD. Nevertheless, as we collected environmental data every 2 years, it's possible that the previously recognized U-shaped relationship is only observed with BMI information collected closer to the time of diagnosis. With regards to a dose relationship, among participants with BMI ≥ 30 at baseline, age 18, or at least 2 years prior to diagnosis, we only had one case of CD with BMI > 35; thus, we were not able to specifically assess for presence of a dose-relationship among obese participants. Sincerely, Hamed Khalili1 MD MPH, Andrew T. Chan1,2 MD MPH 1) Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114 2) Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Correspondence: Hamed Khalili, MD, MPH, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge St. 9th floor, Boston, MA 02114. Phone: 617-724-6005 Fax: 617-726-3080; ude.dravrah.hgm@ililahkh
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease and Hypotonia

Two brothers with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease presenting with neonatal hypotonia and hyporeflexia are reported from the Tuft’s University School of Medicine, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the EKS Center for Mental Retardation, Waltham, MA.
${V}$ -Band Integrated on-Chip Antenna Implemented With a Partially Reflective Surface in Standard 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ BiCMOS Technology

A ${V}$ -band on-chip triangular planar monopole antenna implemented with a partially reflective surface (PRS) using standard 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ BiCMOS technology is presented. The PRS, which is realized with a dual-layered gangbuster type-4 frequency selective surface structure, is designed to obtain 90% reflection of the incident power, thus reducing the power loss caused by the lossy silicon substrate and increasing the radiation efficiency simultaneously. The antenna-PRS codesign technique to optimize the antenna geometry and the radiation power is discussed. The total area of the antenna, including the GSG pad and the PRS, is 0.868 mm2. The measured $S_{11}$ is smaller than −17 dB from 54 to 66 GHz, while the maximum measured antenna gain is 1.42 dB at 69.5 GHz. The maximum simulated antenna efficiency is 41% at 65 GHz.
Experimental observations of active blade pitch and generator control influence on floating wind turbine response

Abstract In this paper, the influence of wind turbine blade pitch and generator controls on the global response of a floating wind turbine is investigated. Several different active turbine controllers are considered and the resulting floating wind turbine global response is compared with that for a baseline configuration employing a fixed blade pitch and a fixed rotor speed. Results from platform pitch free-decay tests as well as a simultaneous dynamic wind and irregular sea state condition are used to understand the controllers' influence on floating wind turbine dynamic behavior.
Bladder Perforation Secondary to Clean Intermittent Catheterization

AbstractClean intermittent catheterization has been an effective treatment for the management of patients with a neurogenic bladder during the last 15 years. Reported complication rates have been low and the majority of these problems have been minor. While significant problems are seen only rarely during clean intermittent catheterization, we recently diagnosed 2 potential life-threatening complications: bladder perforation and bladder necrosis. We present our experience with these major problems associated with routine clean intermittent catheterization. (J. Urol., 142: 1316–1317, 1989)
Turbulent times: Uncovering the origins of US natural gas price fluctuations since deregulation

Abstract In this paper, we investigate supply and demand shocks in the U.S. natural gas market, focusing on how the effects of these shocks have changed over time. Using a sign-identified structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model that allows for both time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility, we find that supply and demand shocks are the main drivers of natural gas price fluctuations during 1993–2015, with speculative activities playing a minor role during a portion of the sample period. We also find that after the recent shale boom, the supply and demand of natural gas in the US have become somewhat more elastic. An examination of several volatile episodes during the sample period suggest that though natural gas price fluctuations are predominately determined by fundamental factors, supply and demand shocks have significantly evolved over time.
Algorithmic Noise: Ed Reform 2.0 and Work/Think/Playing With Methods of the Present

As we become more and more algorithmic subjects, algorithms shape the news we access, our political and social views, how and what we buy, as well as the emotional tenor of our lives. Tracking how ...
White Space and Dark Matter: Prying Open the Black Box of STS

To a packed audience in Clark Hall, Sheila Jasanoff, a distinguished scholar and former president of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), gave the plenary address for “Where has STS Trav...
Efficacy of a proactive health and safety risk management system in the fire service

This study evaluated the efficacy of a fire department proactive risk management program aimed at reducing firefighter injuries and their associated costs. Injury data were collected for the intervention fire department and a contemporary control department. Workers’ compensation claim frequency and costs were analyzed for the intervention fire department only. Total, exercise, patient transport, and fireground operations injury rates were calculated for both fire departments. There was a post-intervention average annual reduction in injuries (13%), workers’ compensation injury claims (30%) and claims costs (21%). Median monthly injury rates comparing the post-intervention to the pre-intervention period did not show statistically significant changes in either the intervention or control fire department. Reduced workers’ compensation claims and costs were observed following the risk management intervention, but changes in injury rates were not statistically significant.
Muscle-Tendon-Enthesis Unit

Injuries to the muscle-tendon-enthesis unit are common and a significant source of pain and loss of function. This article focuses on the important anatomical and biomechanical considerations for each component of the muscle-tendon-enthesis unit. We review normal and pathologic conditions affecting this unit, illustrating the imaging appearance of common disorders on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of these structures is crucial for the radiologist to make accurate diagnoses and provide clinically relevant assessments.
Enriching documents in an information portal using superimposed schematics

Portals offer relevant information often with improved and customizable search. However, most portals concentrate on locating documents as opposed to enhancing their use. We present superimposed schematics which serve to enrich documents by adding a structured, conceptual guide for their contents. A schematic provides entity-relationship (E-R) style structures integrated with marks, where each mark holds an address to an excerpt in an underlying document. Schematics enable enhanced addressing of documents, conceptual navigation, and query all at "no additional cost," i.e., without modifying the base documents. We report on superimposed schematics and discuss their application to documents, such as the Appeal Decision of the USDA Forest Service, within the Adaptive Management Portal.
Foods, Doctors and the FDA

FDA is responsible for assuring the safety, security and accurate labeling of the nation’s food supply. As noted elsewhere, FDA regulates goods that constitute about 25 % of all U.S. expenditures, and foods account for about three-quarters of the total value of goods regulated by FDA. As such, FDA enforces regulations which apply from “farm to fork”, including over $400 billion worth of domestic food, about $50 billion worth of imported foods, and over $60 billion worth of cosmetics sold across state lines. The FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition is responsible for carrying out FDA’s food mission which is to promote and protect the public’s health by ensuring that the nation’s food supply is safe, sanitary, wholesome, and honestly labeled. Surprisingly, the Center is also responsible for ensuring that cosmetic products are safe and properly labeled. For FDA the term “food” means (1) articles used for food or drink for man or other animals; (2) chewing gum; and (3) articles used for components of any such article. FDA is also in charge of all food additives, for example, preservatives added to extend the shelf life of prepared foods. There are, however, some important and not obvious exceptions to FDA’s food jurisdiction. For example, most meats and meat-containing products are regulated by the Department of Agriculture, which also shares regulatory authority over eggs. However, exotic meats (game) and seafood are under FDA as are dietary supplements. Other federal agencies also have some responsibility for regulation of food products. For example, the United State Environment Protection Agency (EPA) regulates levels of allowable contaminants in public drinking water, whereas FDA regulates bottled water.
Solid Hydrogen at Ultra High Pressure

In recent years the diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique has been developed to statically compress matter, with pressures reaching into the hundreds of gigapascals (100 GPa = 1 megabar). One of the most interesting substances to study under these conditions is solid hydrogen, which is predicted to have a number of phase transitions, including the insulator-metal (IM) transition. At very high pressures of order 300–400 GPa, hydrogen is predicted to become a metallic atomic solid (Wigner and Huntington, 1935; Ceperley and Alder, 1987). However, it is expected that hydrogen first becomes a metal at somewhat lower pressures, within the molecular solid phase, by an electronic band overlap mechanism (Ramaker et al., 1975; Friedli and Ashcroft, 1977). Phase transitions in hydrogen have been studied by a number of methods, including Raman scattering and optical reflection and absorption. An unexpected new phase has been shown to exist for pressures above 149 GPa by study of the pressure-temperature phase line (Lorenzana, Silvera, and Goettel, 1989). This phase is called the hydrogen-A (H-A) phase and it is suspected, on a number of grounds that the H-A phase is metallic. However, at this time there is no direct evidence to support this interpretation. On the theoretical side calculations have predicted band gap closure, or metallization, at a pressure of 150–180 GPa for a structure with the hcp lattice with molecules oriented along the c-axis (Garcia et al., 1990). Again, uncertainties arise, as recent calculations find a different structure to have a lower energy and a larger gap and metallization pressure. In this article I shall discuss the recent rapid developments in this challenging area of research.
Knowledge, Risk, and the Right to Reproduce

I have a question to raise and an answer to offer. My answer has been anticipated by Lawrence Ulrich of the University of Dayton. In 1976 he said, in a paper that I regard as a superb model for the ethical position I myself take, “The thesis which I wish to adopt is this: Reproductive rights are not absolute and those who are at risk for passing on clearly identifiable, severely deleterious genes and debilitating genetic disease should not be allowed to exercise their reproductive prerogative.”1
Transgenic rice with reduced glutelin content by transformation with glutelin A antisense gene

Rice plants were genetically transformed with a glutelin A antisensegene construct that was characterized by eight tandem repeats of a ca.0.3 kb fragment at the 5′ end of full-length glutelin AcDNA.Two transgenic rice lines, H39-59 and H75-3, homozygous for the glutelin Aantisense gene were selected from T2 plants, and their T4generation was examined. When grown in an open paddy field, T4plantsof both transgenic lines showed 20% to 40% reduction in theglutelin content of seeds and an increase in the prolamine content. The totalseed-protein content of the two transgenic lines was not significantlydifferentfrom that of the original variety, Tsukinohikari. Northern blot analysisrevealed that the steady-state levels of glutelin A transcript also decreasedand those of prolamine transcript increased in both H39-59 and H75-3 transgeniclines, and the changes in glutelin mRNA corresponded to changes observed inglutelins during seed development. Rice wine, sake, brewed from grains of thetransgenic lines was found to contain 20% to 40% less amino acidsand was evaluated as superior in quality to that made from the non-transgenicrice grains.
Mitigating Negative Effects of Immersive Virtual Avatars on Racial Bias

Immersive virtual avatars can powerfully affect a user's behavior. Some changes in behavior can be positive, although some can be negative and unknown to the user. A hypothesis could be made that embodying an immersive virtual avatar could negatively effect a user's implicit bias, this would be a serious cause for concern with regard to the recent emergence of consumer virtual reality games. Here, I describe a pilot study exploring the area of immersive virtual avatars and their effects on a user's implicit associations. In this study n=26 where white males were either a white or black avatar, and then proceeded to shoot at human-shaped cutouts in a simulated shooting game. A significant difference was observed between two conditions, however in the opposite direction that was hypothesized; participants who embodied the white avatar recorded a lower implicit bias.
Characterization of Internal Protein Dynamics and Conformational Entropy by NMR Relaxation.

Abstract Recent studies suggest that the fast timescale motion of methyl-bearing side chains may play an important role in mediating protein activity. These motions have been shown to encapsulate the residual conformational entropy of the folded state that can potentially contribute to the energetics of protein function. Here, we provide an overview of how to characterize these motions using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin relaxation methods. The strengths and limitations of several techniques are highlighted in order to assist with experimental design. Particular emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of sample preparation, data collection, data fitting, and statistical analysis. Additionally, discussion of the recently refined “entropy meter” is presented and its use in converting NMR observables to conformational entropy is illustrated. Taken together, these methods should yield new insights into the complex interplay between structure and dynamics in protein function.
The Abbreviated Vigilance Task and Its Attentional Contributors

Objective:To measure contributing attentional processes, particularly that of executive attention, to two iterations of the abbreviated vigilance task.Background:Joel Warm was at the forefront of v...
Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections

Neurotropic RNA viruses continue to emerge and are increasingly linked to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) despite viral clearance. Indeed, the overall mortality of viral encephalitis i...