cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-scale approach to predict multi-site cracking potential in 3-D structures using the generalized finite element method

This research utilized the novel computational framework of the generalized finite element method (GFEM) to predict the potential for crack propagation in concrete slabs. A two-scale approach, using the global–local concept within the GFEM framework (GFEMg–l), is applied to multi-site cracking problems (MSC), where different crack geometries are placed simultaneously at different positions in a three-dimensional airfield slab loaded by new generation aircraft gears. The GFEMg–l approach efficiently simulated multiple cracks without discretization in the global mesh, but only in the local domain. The GFEMg–l enrichment functions allow the displacements of the local problem to be represented in the global domain through enrichment functions from the local problems rather than explicitly modeling each crack discretely in the global domain. The main contribution of this work was extension of the GFEMg–l approach to a class of three-dimensional MSC problems involving realistic boundaries conditions and existence of multiple cracks spanning different orders of magnitude in size (scales) within the domain. For the linear elastic structure, bottom- and surface-initiated cracks with small dimensions were considered in conjunction with a larger macro-crack. Unlike traditional numerical methods, the proposed GFEMg–l made it possible to tackle this class of problems by avoiding refined crack front meshes in the global domain as well as numerical round-off errors. Furthermore, the two-scale approach significantly reduces the computational cost for large-scale 3-D MSC problems.
Reflection plate interferometer.

The reflection plate interferometer, which is similar to a Schlieren system but with a small glass shearing plate replacing the knife edge, has been investigated and the necessary relations to understand its operating characteristics are presented. It was found that the optimum operating range is for incident angles between 40° and 65°, and that the fringe spacing is approximately inversely proportional to the shearing-plate thickness. The undisturbed fringe direction can be adjusted at any angle with respect to a test object. The interferograms are of very good quality and can be interpreted to give the density gradient of the test fluid.
A feature-based algorithm for detecting and classifying production effects

We describe a new approach to the detection and classification of production effects in video sequences. Our method can detect and classify a variety of effects, including cuts, fades, dissolves, wipes and captions, even in sequences involving significant motion. We detect the appearance of intensity edges that are distant from edges in the previous frame. A global motion computation is used to handle camera or object motion. The algorithm we propose withstands JPEG and MPEG artifacts, even at high compression rates. Experimental evidence demonstrates that our method can detect and classify production effects that are difficult to detect with previous approaches.
Bench-to-bedside review: Cytopathic hypoxia

The rate of oxygen consumption by certain tissues is impaired when mice or rats are injected with lipopolysaccharide. A similar change in the rate of oxygen consumption is observed when Caco-2 human enterocyte-like cells are incubated in vitro with cytomix, a cocktail of cytokines containing tumor necrosis factor, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. The decrease in the rate of oxygen consumption is not due to a change in oxygen delivery (e.g. on the basis of diminished microvascular perfusion), but rather to an acquired intrinsic defect in cellular respiration, a phenomenon that we have termed 'cytopathic hypoxia'. A number of different biochemical mechanisms have been postulated to account for cytopathic hypoxia in sepsis, including reversible inhibition of cytochrome a,a3 by nitric oxide, and irreversible inhibition of one or more mitochondrial respiratory complexes by peroxynitrite. Recently, however, our laboratory has obtained data to suggest that the most important mechanism underlying the development of cytopathic hypoxia is depletion of cellular stores of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) as a result of activation of the enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. If cytopathic hypoxia is important in the pathophysiology of established sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, then efforts in the future will need to focus on pharmacological interventions designed to preserve normal mitochondrial function and energy production in sepsis.
Communication of status in the social wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Communication of status was demonstrated in females of the paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus. Wasps directed more aggression toward subordinates which were similar in status to themselves than toward dominants or low ranked subordinates. Chemical cues originating from both the head and the ovaries communicate status. The hypothesis that lateral vibrations are used by the queen to communicate her dominance to nestmates was not supported by our findings. No correlation was found between the amount of light body coloration and dominance status. Queens that had been tethered and were thus unable to pursue subordinates aggressively still communicated their status but their dominant rank in the colony was often affected.
Work in Progress: Using Engineering Design Experts to Validate a Design Process Knowledge Assessment Tool

Engineering design is a critical skill for integrating and applying engineering knowledge. A validated method to assess engineering design knowledge, however, does not exist. Such a method would allow educators to systematically determine the most effective approaches for helping students learn about engineering design. We are developing such an assessment tool and seek to further evaluate its validity. In this work-in-progress, practicing engineers have completed a design process knowledge assessment tool and their responses will be compared to those of undergraduate engineering students. The current status of the project is that we have gathered responses from twenty-six practicing engineers. These results should be analyzed prior to the conference.
SURFACE CONCENTRATION OF MARINE BACTERIA1

The drops formed from a single gas bubble bursting at a liquid-gas interface were used as a technique to sample the surface microlayers, and concentration factors for the drops were determined for the marine bacterium Serratia marinorubra. These factors, varying between 2 and 100, depended on the bulk densities of the bacteria. A model is prcscnted that relates bacterial bulk densities to bacterial densities in a microlayer at the surface. Preliminary experiments with natural seawater populations revealed that concentration factors were markedly higher than those for S. marinorzrbra.
On proper dissociation configurations of a molecule

An analytical procedure is presented for the determination of the proper dissociation configurations of a molecule. We illustrate this procedure by determining the proper dissociation configurations of many electronic states of the first-row diatomic molecules and ozone. Finally, a few simple guidelines are provided to help in the identification of the important configurations needed for proper dissociation of a molecule.
Generalized distance metric as a robust similarity measure for mobile object trajectories

In this paper, we propose a novel generalized distance metric based on a model that incorporates the time axis explicitly. The proposed metric is based fundamentally on the Mahalanobis distance metric, which eliminates the correlation and scaling errors in similarity searches on trajectory databases. We propose the incorporation of a weight matrix in the proposed distance metric, which allows for easy manipulation of the degree of significance of the different spatial and or temporal dimensions.
Retrospective Reflections of a Whistleblower: Opinions on Misconduct Responses

Almost 10 years ago, when I was in my fourth year of graduate school, my fellow graduate students discovered that our thesis advisor had engaged in misconduct by falsifying and fabricating data in two grant applications. We informed the university and my advisor resigned. This event was a turning point in my life. Years later, I have gathered my thoughts and reflections on the experience. I believe we must first prevent what misconduct we can. But unfortunately some misconduct will still occur and in those circumstances we must respond to protect those affected by the misconduct and to progress beyond the event. In so doing, we get the most value out of scientific research.
Current and predicted prevalence of obesity in Canada: a trend analysis

Background The prevalence of obesity has increased over the past 3 decades, with a disproportionate growth in excessive weight categories (body mass index [BMI] 35.0-39.9 and BMI ≥ 40.0). The objective of this paper is to present the data for the past and current prevalence of adult obesity in Canada, together with future estimates. Methods We calculated BMIs for adults aged 18 years and older who were not in long-term care using data from Canadian health surveys administered between 1985 and 2011. Calculation of the BMIs was based on self-reported heights and weights. The weight categories were as follows: normal (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), obese class I (30.0-34.9), obese class II (35.0-39.9) and obese class III (≥ 40.0). Outcome measures were prevalence of adult obesity according to BMI categories, nationally and provincially. We used regression analysis models to predict future prevalence of adult obesity up to 2019. Results Between 1985 and 2011, the prevalence of adult obesity in Canada increased from 6.1% to 18.3%. Furthermore, since 1985, the prevalence of obesity in classes I, II and III increased from 5.1% to 13.1%, from 0.8% to 3.6%, and from 0.3% to 1.6%, respectively. Taking into account regional variations, we predict that, by 2019, the prevalence of obesity in classes I, II and III will increase to 14.8%, 4.4% and 2.0%, respectively, and that half of the Canadian provinces will have more overweight or obese adults than normal-weight adults. Interpretation We found significant increases in the excessive weight categories of obesity, with continued increases predicted for all provinces up to 2019. Provincial variations in obesity prevalence were also significant. To address these projected increases and any subsequent burden on the health care system, a concerted effort must be made by the provinces to focus on the prevention, management and treatment of obesity in Canada.
A logic for natural language.

This paper describes a language called LN whose structure mirrors tilat of natural language. LN is characterized by absence of variables and individual constants. Singular predicates assume the role of both individual constants and free variables. The role of bound variables is played by predicate functors called "selection operators." Like natural languages, LN is implicitly manysorted. LN does not have an identity relation. Its expressive power lies between the predicate calculus without identity and the predicate calculus with identity. The loss in expressiveness relative to the predicate calculus with identity however is not significant. Deduction in LN is intended to parallel reasoning in natural language, and therefore is termed "surface reasoning." In contrast to deduction in a disparate underlying logic such as clausal form, each step of a proof in [,N has a direct counterpart in the surface language. A sound and complete axiomatization is given. Derived rules, corresponding to monotonicity and conservativity of quantifiers and to unification and resolution in conventionallogic, are presented. Several problems are worked to illustrate reasoning in LN.
Nocturnal shift in the antipredator response to predator-diet cues in laboratory and field trials

Prey species may react to predator chemical traces in the environment with a variety of antipredator behaviors (Weldon, 1990; Chivers and Smith, 1998; Kats and Dill, 1998). Such responses to predator chemical cues might reduce predation risk, but also may result in lost foraging or mating opportunities (Lima, 1998a,b), so it is not surprising that some species adjust their responses based on the degree of perceived predation threat. These modifications may be based on chemical information gathered directly from the predator or its recent prey (Madison et al., 1999a; Chivers and Mirza, 2001). The mosaic of chemical products released at a predation site, and dispersed by the predator, could allow nearby prey to assess predation threat and fine-tune their responses. Among the chemical cues released from predators during and after a predation event, those associated with predator diet have emerged as an important factor in predator assessment by both aquatic (Chivers and Mirza, 2001) and terrestrial prey species (Madison et al., 1999a,b). However, in most circumstances it is unclear whether the active components of the cue are from the prey, the predator, or some combination of prey and predator cues (e.g., Madison et al, 2002). As one example of this complexity, the interaction between the terrestrial red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, and its garter snake predator, Thamnophis sirtalis, shows that during the day salamander avoidance of snake cues occurs independent of snake diet, but late at night avoidance is apparently restricted to cues from snakes feeding on red-backed salamanders (Madison et al. 1999a,b). One limitation of these studies is that few diet treatments were tested, leaving the possibility that alternative diets might also elicit late night avoidance.
Plasticity in programming of effector and memory CD8+ T-cell formation

Summary CD8 + T cells (also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes) play a major role in protective immunity against many infectious pathogens and can eradicate malignant cells. The path from naive precursor to effector and memory CD8 + T-cell development begins with interactions between matured antigenbearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific naive T-cell clonal precursors. By integrating differences in antigenic, costimulatory, and inflammatory signals, a developmental program is established that governs many key parameters associated with the ensuing response, including the extent and magnitude of clonal expansion, the functional capacities of the effector cells, and the size of the memory pool that survives after the contraction phase. In this review, we discuss the multitude of signals that drive effector and memory CD8 + T-cell differentiation and how the differences in the nature of these signals contribute to the diversity of CD8 + T-cell responses.
Necrolytic acral erythema as a cutaneous marker of hepatitis C: Report of two cases and review

Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is a member of the necrolytic erythemas, which include necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), acrodermatitis enteropathica, and various dermopathies secondary to nutritional deficiencies. NAE is distinct from the other necrolytic erythemas by virtue of its consistent association with hepatitis C (HCV) together with the acral distribution of its lesions, in particular, dorsal hands and feet. Although its etiology is unknown, NAE has been reported to respond to zinc replacement, suggesting a causal relationship. Two patients with HCV infection presented with scaly acral plaques and histopathologic features consistent with NAE while also demonstrating atypical palmoplantar accentuation of lesions. Both patients were found to have zinc deficiency, and their lesions responded to zinc supplementation. Awareness of NAE as a unique cutaneous marker for HCV infection is important not only for accurate dermatologic diagnosis but also for appropriate management of associated morbidity and prompt detection of potentially undiagnosed underlying HCV.
Psychologic Intervention Improves Survival for Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND. The question of whether stress poses a risk for cancer progression has been difficult to answer. A randomized clinical trial tested the hypothesis that cancer patients coping with their recent diagnosis but receiving a psychologic intervention would have improved survival compared with patients who were only assessed. METHODS. A total of 227 patients who were surgically treated for regional breast cancer participated. Before beginning adjuvant cancer therapies, patients were assessed with psychologic and behavioral measures and had a health evaluation, and a 60-mL blood sample was drawn. Patients were randomized to Psychologic Intervention plus assessment or Assessment only study arms. The intervention was psychologist led; conducted in small groups; and included strategies to reduce stress, improve mood, alter health behaviors, and maintain adherence to cancer treatment and care. Earlier articles demonstrated that, compared with the Assessment arm, the Intervention arm improved across all of the latter secondary outcomes. Immunity was also enhanced.
The Role of Community Colleges in Strengthening Access to Employment for Individuals With Disabilities

Abstract Community colleges have a mission to provide access to postsecondary education. As such, they enroll nearly half of all U.S. undergraduates, with 12% of enrollees indicating that they are students with disabilities (American Association of Community Colleges, 2015). This article describes Onondaga Pathways to Careers (OPC), a pilot project which will research, develop, test, and evaluate innovative systems models for providing inclusive integrated education and career development services to youth and young adults with disabilities, including those with significant disabilities. OPC will implement a model program to improve transition planning for youth and young adults with disabilities through secondary education, into and through supportive community college pathways, and ultimately into skilled employment for which they have trained and which will offer living wages, benefits, and opportunities for advancement. OPC fully embraces what the Americans With Disabilities Act declared in 1990: that...
Complete resolution of acute subdural hematoma in an elderly patient with the subdural evacuating port system

A 79-year-old patient on an antiplatelet medication presented to the emergency department following a fall at home. She was found to have an enlarging mixed density acute subdural hematoma with significant mass effect and impaired neurologic status and was successfully treated with a subdural evacuating port system drain placement. The patient had rapid and complete radiographic resolution of the hematoma and return to her premorbid neurologic status. A craniotomy, and the associated risks, was avoided. Elderly patients are at particular risk for developing subdural hematomas given the high rates of receiving antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies, risk for falls, and difficulties with safe ambulation and independent living. Twist drill craniostomy drainage through catheter or subdural evacuating port system placement has been used effectively in the treatment of liquefied older chronic or subacute subdural hematomas. However, acute subdural hematomas, when large or symptomatic enough to require evacu...
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of NK cell development and function

Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized innate lymphoid cells that survey against viral infections and malignancy. Numerous advances have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control NK cell development and function over the past decade. These include both studies on the regulatory effects of transcription factors and translational repression via microRNAs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate gene expression and thereby orchestrate NK cell development and activation, with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Additionally, we highlight our understanding of how RNA-binding microRNAs fine tune the NK cell molecular program. We also underscore the large number of open questions in the field that are now being addressed using new technological approaches and genetically engineered model organisms. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the basic molecular biology of NK cells will facilitate new strategies to manipulate NK cells for the treatment of human disease.
The use of podcast as a teaching tool for a pharmacy compounding pre-laboratory lecture: A survey based study

Objective: To determine the opinions of pharmacy students towards use of podcast as a replacement to a traditional pre- laboratory lecture for a compounding course. Methods: Second year pharmacy students were asked to view a podcast prior to their laboratory section as a replacement to an in-class pre-laboratory lecture. A voluntary survey was administered to obtain student feedback regarding the usefulness of podcasts and preferences for its use in future. Results: A total of 192 out of 232 students responded to the survey conducted during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Of these, 94% of respondents reported viewing entire/ parts of the podcast. Total of 44% viewed it multiple times. Of the students who watched the podcast, 91% reported it was an effective learning tool, and 47% suggested podcasts should be used as a replacement to traditional, in-class lectures. Conclusions: Students responded positively and preferred the podcast as either a replacement or as a supplement to traditional in-class lecture.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Signaling in Lung Cancer

Chromosomal rearrangement in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene was identified as an oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007. A multi-targeted ALK/ROS1/MET inhibitor, crizotinib, targeting this activated tyrosine kinase has led to significant clinical benefit including tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival without disease progression and has been approved by US FDA since 2011 for the treatment of advanced ALK-rearranged NSCLC (Ou et al. Oncologist 17:1351-1375, 2012). Knowledge gained from treating ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients including the presenting clinicopathologic characteristics, methods of detecting ALK-rearranged NSCLC, pattern of relapse and acquired resistance mechanisms while on crizotinib, and the clinical activities of more potent ALK inhibitors has led us to a detailed and ever expanding knowledge of the ALK signaling pathway in lung cancer but also raising many more questions that remained to be answered in the future. This book chapter will provide a concise summary of the importance of ALK signaling pathway in lung cancer. Understanding the ALK signaling pathway in lung cancer will likely provide the roadmap to the management of major epithelial malignancies driven by receptor tyrosine kinase rearrangement.
Abstract B88: Examining differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican women

Background: Despite having guidelines recommending vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) and widespread coverage for the vaccine, HPV vaccination rates among U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican (PR) girls are low. In 2012, only 16% of PR girls aged 11–18 and 42% of U.S. Hispanic girls aged 13-17 were vaccinated with all three HPV vaccine doses; far fewer than the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%. Parents are crucial to the success of HPV vaccine uptake efforts. Few studies focusing on parents have examined possible differences in HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability within ethnic groups. The purpose of the study is to assess potential differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island PR women. Methods: We utilized data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2007 and HINTS Puerto Rico 2009. For the current study, we restricted our analyses to female respondents in both surveys for a total sample of 792 women (n = 375; U.S. Hispanic HINTS 2007 and n = 417; Puerto Rican HINTS-PR 2009). Using the Wald chi-square test, we assessed if there were significant differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanics and island PR women. Results: Island PR women had significantly higher HPV vaccine awareness (66.9% vs. 61.0%; Wald X2 F(1, 97) = 16.03, p Conclusions: Our study found that island PR women were more aware of and accepting of the HPV vaccine when compared to U.S. Hispanic women. Future research should further explore these in-group differences to determine what in the PR socio-cultural context or environment may have led to higher HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability. Findings may also assist in developing culturally appropriate health education programs and media to promote HPV vaccination among both groups. Citation Format: Daisy Y. Morales-Campos, Robin C. Vanderpool. Examining differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B88.
Influence of Wheat Germ Oil on Fertility of Rats fed Fat Free Rations.

In animal studies pertaining to Vitamin E, varying amounts of fat have been used as essential constituents of the ration. Certain of these are known to have a specific influence on the rate of the ...
Gamaliel's Speech and Caligula's Statue

“But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the Law highly regarded by all the people, got up in the council and ordered the men to be removed for a while, and then said, ‘Men of Israel, take care what you propose to do with these men. For some time ago Theudas appeared, claiming to be a person of importance, and a group of men numbering some four hundred joined him. But he was killed and all his followers were dispersed and disappeared. After him, at the time of the census, Judas of Galilee appeared, and raised a great following, but he too perished and all his followers were scattered. So in the present case, I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone, for if this idea or movement is of human origin, it will come to naught, but if it is from God, you will not be able to stop it. You may actually find yourselves fighting against God!’” — Acts V, 34–39 (tr. Goodspeed).
Effects of Temperature and Light on Takeoff of Rhopalosiphum maidis and Schizaphis graminum in the Field (Homoptera: Aphididae)

The aphids Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), the corn leaf aphid; and Schisaphis graminum (Rondani), the greenbug, were collected at 30-min intervals with Johnson-Taylor segregating suction traps level with tops of seedling barley from 21 June to 10 July 1966, and from 7 to 20 June 1967. Simultaneous records of air temperature and light intensity were taken at crop level. R. maidis took flight earlier in the morning and later in the evening than S. graminum in 1966 and 1967. In 1966, maximum takeoff of both species occurred during the morning, followed by a gradual decline until midday, and a small increase in takeoff in the evening. However, in 1967, no distinct peaks of maximum takeoff were discernible. R. maidis took flight at lower and higher median temperatures than S. graminum in 1966 and 1967. Few alates of either species took flight below about 20°C. Takeoff was reduced in both species above 40°C, but was not inhibited up to 42°C, the maximum recorded. Few alates of either species took off in median light intensities below 1.0 foot-candle in 1966 and 1967. Below 100 foot-candles a higher average percent of R. maidis took off than S. graminum in both years. The largest average percent takeoff frequency per foot-candle occurrence of both species was between 100 and 1000 footcandles in the morning in 1966. However, in 1967 the largest average percent takeoff frequency per footcandle occurrence of both species was between 1000 and 10,000 foot-candles. No distinct upper light intensity limit for take-off of either species occurred.
Weighted Multiple Testing Correction for Correlated Endpoints in Survival Data

Multiple correlated time-to-event endpoints often occur in clinical trials and some time-to-event endpoints are more important than others. Most weighted multiple testing adjustment methods have been proposed to control family-wise type I error rates either only consider the correlation among continuous or binary endpoints or totally disregard the correlation among the endpoints. For continuous or binary endpoints, the correlation matrix can be directly estimated from the corresponding correlated endpoints. However, it is challenging to directly estimate the correlation matrix from the multiple endpoints in survival data since censoring is involved. In this chapter, we propose a weighted multiple testing correction method for correlated time-to-event endpoints in survival data, based on the correlation matrix estimated from the WLW method proposed by Wei, Lin, and Weissfeld. Simulations are conducted to study the family-wise type I error rate of the proposed method and to compare the power performance of the proposed method to the nonparametric multiple testing methods such as the alpha-exhaustive fallback (AEF), fixed-sequence (FS), and the weighted Holm-Bonferroni method when used for the correlated time-to-event endpoints. The proposed method and others are illustrated using a real dataset from Fernald Community Cohort (formerly known as the Fernald Medical Monitoring Program).
Familial hypochromic anemia associated with postsplenectomy erythrocytic inclusion bodies.

A case is presented of familial, hypochromic, microcytic anemia, associated with the appearance of siderocytes in the peripheral blood following splenectomy. The medical literature of the recent past focuses attention on the clinical recognition of inclusion bodies, but their origin and significance have not been completely clarified. Rundles and Falls4 were the first to demonstrate them in hereditary hypochromic microcytic anemia, and in addition they have been shown to appear in acquired hemolytic anemia,2, 3 Banti’s syndrome,1 lead poisoning,3, 15 and in hemochromatosis, bacterial toxemias, industrial solvent poisoning, sickle cell anemia and acholuric jaundice.15 It is probable that the anemia in the case under discussion may have been due to some defect in iron metabolism. Neither the subject nor his maternal half-brother were demonstrated to have any objective evidence of hemolysis, and neither revealed reticulocytosis, despite intensive iron and liver therapy, a point in favor of poor utilization of iron. Furthermore, marked hemosiderosis was an outstanding feature of both cases signifying that at least one form of storage iron was available but not utilized. The significance of inclusion bodies within erythrocytes is discussed and a classification of inclusion bodies is offered. A final statement regarding the nature of iron granules within red cells must await further research. When present within the erythrocytes of the peripheral blood or in the erythroid series of the bone marrow, they probably are the result of faulty iron metabolism either due to some inherent defect or secondary to the action of some noxious agent. Their prognostic significance is obscure, but this is probably related to the severity of the disease process of which they are an expression.
The Stability of Student Ratings of the Class Environment

ABSTRACTThe present study used data for 30 classes across 10 middle and high school teachers to evaluate the stability of class-level ratings on the Responsive Environmental Assessment for Classroom Teaching across time. Teachers collected data on 2 occasions and students’ ratings (N = 806) were aggregated to the class-level. Classes were arranged into 2 groups on the basis of the latency between repeated administrations (Mgroups = 8.1 and 15.1 weeks). Correlations between class ratings were slightly larger among classes in the first group (range =.73 to.87) relative to the second group (range =.62 to.75) which had a larger gap in time between data collections. Results provide evidence for the stability of students’ perceptions of the instructional environment when those ratings are interpreted at the level of a class and support ongoing work to establish norms and benchmarks to guide interpretation.
Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World

Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World is the first substantial account of elite Roman concubines and courtesans. Exploring the blurred line between proper matron and wicked prostitute, it illuminates the lives of sexually promiscuous women like Messalina and Clodia, as well as prostitutes with hearts of gold who saved Rome and their lovers in times of crisis. It also offers insights into the multiple functions of erotic imagery and the circumstances in which prostitutes could play prominent roles in Roman public and religious life. Tracing the evolution of social stereotypes and concepts of virtue and vice in ancient Rome, this volume reveals the range of life choices and sexual activity, beyond the traditional binary depiction of wives or prostitutes, that were available to Roman women.
Extracurricular Activity Participation of Hispanic Students: Implications for Social Capital Outcomes.

The authors investigated whether participation in school-based extracurricular activities would predict social and behavioral outcomes (school membership, peer prosocial orientation, and prosocial behavior) associated with school social capital in a group of Hispanic middle school students from the United States of America. Results of hierarchical linear regressions based on longitudinal data indicated that participation in sports-related activities was associated with increased feelings of school membership and peer prosocial orientation. Results are especially significant as Hispanic youth are at an increased risk for school failure and are less likely to have access to social capital in the home and community settings.
Super Temporal-Resolved Microscopy (STReM)

Super-resolution microscopy typically achieves high spatial resolution, but the temporal resolution remains low. We report super temporal-resolved microscopy (STReM) to improve the temporal resolution of 2D super-resolution microscopy by a factor of 20 compared to that of the traditional camera-limited frame rate. This is achieved by rotating a phase mask in the Fourier plane during data acquisition and then recovering the temporal information by fitting the point spread function (PSF) orientations. The feasibility of this technique is verified with both simulated and experimental 2D adsorption/desorption and 2D emitter transport. When STReM is applied to measure protein adsorption at a glass surface, previously unseen dynamics are revealed.
Potentially Induced Earthquakes during the Early Twentieth Century in the Los Angeles Basin

Recent studies have presented evidence that early to mid‐twentieth‐century earthquakes in Oklahoma and Texas were likely induced by fossil fuel production and/or injection of wastewater (Hough and Page, 2015; Frohlich et al. , 2016). Considering seismicity from 1935 onward, Hauksson et al. (2015) concluded that there is no evidence for significant induced activity in the greater Los Angeles region between 1935 and the present. To explore a possible association between earthquakes prior to 1935 and oil and gas production, we first revisit the historical catalog and then review contemporary oil industry activities. Although early industry activities did not induce large numbers of earthquakes, we present evidence for an association between the initial oil boom in the greater Los Angeles area and earthquakes between 1915 and 1932, including the damaging 22 June 1920 Inglewood and 8 July 1929 Whittier earthquakes. We further consider whether the 1933 M w 6.4 Long Beach earthquake might have been induced, and show some evidence that points to a causative relationship between the earthquake and activities in the Huntington Beach oil field. The hypothesis that the Long Beach earthquake was either induced or triggered by an foreshock cannot be ruled out. Our results suggest that significant earthquakes in southern California during the early twentieth century might have been associated with industry practices that are no longer employed (i.e., production without water reinjection), and do not necessarily imply a high likelihood of induced earthquakes at the present time. Online Material: Summary of background information about the Wilmington oil field, information about revisited earthquakes between 1900 and 1935, tables of felt events, and accounts of three earthquakes.
Power fluctuation reduction in wind turbine generator systems

Although wind energy provides a viable solution to address ongoing challenges of the economy and the environment in electric power grids, the variable generation of this technology results in major technical challenges for system operators. This issue is becoming more severe as the penetration of wind generation is increasing. As a result, wind generation is commonly subject to specific regulations which limit generation fluctuations. Three methods of reducing wind generation fluctuation are investigated in this paper from an economic perspective, including (a) dumping the wind generation, (b) using battery energy storage (BES) to capture excess wind generation, and (c) a hybrid method combining this two approaches. The economic viability of the hybrid method is investigated via a developed linear programming model with the objective of profit maximization, which in extreme cases will converge to one of the other methods. Numerical simulations exhibit the merits of the proposed model.
The impact of total immunoglobulin E levels on outcomes of maximal medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis

IntroductionThe goal of this project was to evaluate the impact of immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels on outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who received maximal medical therapy (MMT)...
Variable check-in time: Raising room revenue with multiple daily check-in times

An exploration of a new theory of hotel room valuation and pricing called “Variable Check-In Time”. The theory holds that hotels could increase room revenue by instituting multiple daily check-in times, rather than the typical, universal 3:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. room-day. In doing so, hotels could accommodate guests for more hours per day, thus raising the room night’s salable value. The paper presents the concept of the room-hour and of room-hour utility, making a quantitative case for increased room revenue on utility-maximization grounds. A model for the optimization of room-hour utility is presented, as well as a demonstration of that model – using historic check-in time data from a large Las Vegas strip hotel.
Attritable design trades: Reliability and cost implications for unmanned aircraft

Aircraft are generally designed and produced to be maintainable. Recently, the U.S. Air Force, due to increasing aircraft unit costs, began to investigate early conceptual designs for attritable (unmanned) aircraft. Attritability is a system characteristic that trades reliability and maintainability for low-cost of a system meant for reuse — at least a few times. This characteristic is affected by system attributes like reliability, redundancy, reparability and cost. This concept of a trading these attributes for lower cost presents a very interesting design space for systems engineers, but it presents several challenges. This paper introduces the system characteristic of attritability and shows the far-reaching impacts and challenges that this novel attribute presents through the use of reliability modeling and cost estimation techniques.
Measuring Perceptions of Fairness of Loyalty Program Members

ABSTRACTThis research develops a measure of perceptions of fairness (POF) toward loyalty programs. Grounded in the Theory of Justice (TOJ), the POF scale connects principles of distributive, procedural, and interactive justice to the process, value, and communication components of the loyalty circle (Shoemaker, 2003). Following the recommended multi-method, the multistage scale development process, the 14-item, two-factor POF scale is constructed and validated with four samples of loyalty program members. The data support two dimensions: value-based fairness and communication-based fairness. The scale can serve as a dependent variable in future research to explain how program features, structures, and changes affect members from the fairness perspective. The scale can serve as an antecedent to behavioral intentions and outcomes, thereby providing insight into the influence of marketing initiatives on loyalty program effectiveness.
Understanding the Feasibility of a Location-Aware Mobile-Based 911-Like Emergency Service in Bangladesh

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a location-aware mobile-based emergency service for Bangladesh, a developing country, which lacks any central 911-like emergency service. Our goal was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of such services that do not require building any new infrastructure or changing the existing infrastructure available in Bangladesh. To achieve our goal, we iteratively designed and deployed two location-aware mobile-based emergency services in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. These deployments provided a deep insight about user experience, acceptance, and sustainability issues. We learned that users considered these services effective, felt comfortable using these during emergencies, and expressed a need for integration of additional services. Our findings indicate that it is feasible to design a location-aware mobile-based emergency service in Bangladesh. We believe that our proposed design will help to provide a low-cost alternative to the central 911-services, especially for the developing countries.
Initial Steps toward Making GPU a First-Class Computing Resource: Sharing and Resource Management

GPUs have evolved from traditional graphics accelerators into core compute engines for a broad class of general-purpose applications. However, current commercial offerings fall short of the great potential of GPUs largely because they cannot be managed as easily as the CPU. The enormous amount of hardware resources are often greatly underutilized. We developed new architecture features to enable fine-grained sharing of GPUs, termed Simultaneous Multi-kernel (SMK), in a similar way the CPU achieves sharing via simultaneous multithreading (SMT). With SMK, different applications can co-exist in every streaming multiprocessor of a GPU, in a fully controlled way. High resource utilization can be achieved by exploiting heterogeneity of different application behaviors. Resource apportion among sharers are developed for fairness, throughput, and quality-of-services. We also envision that SMK can enable better manageability of GPUs and new features such as more efficient synchronization mechanisms within an application.
Quantifying the Effects of Increasing Mechanical Stress on Knee Acoustical Emissions Using Unsupervised Graph Mining

In this paper, we investigate the effects of increasing mechanical stress on the knee joints by recording knee acoustical emissions and analyze them using an unsupervised graph mining algorithm. We placed miniature contact microphones on four different locations: on the lateral and medial sides of the patella and superficial to the lateral and medial meniscus. We extracted audio features in both time and frequency domains from the acoustical signals and calculated the graph community factor (GCF): an index of heterogeneity (variation) in the sounds due to different loading conditions enforced on the knee. To determine the GCF, a k-nearest neighbor graph was constructed and an Infomap community detection algorithm was used to extract all potential clusters within the graph—the number of detected communities were then quantified with GCF. Measurements from 12 healthy subjects showed that the GCF increased monotonically and significantly with vertical loading forces (mean GCF for no load = 30 and mean GCF for maximum load [body weight] = 39). This suggests that the increased complexity of the emitted sounds is related to the increased forces on the joint. In addition, microphones placed on the medial side of the patella and superficial to the lateral meniscus produced the most variation in the joint sounds. This information can be used to determine the optimal location for the microphones to obtain acoustical emissions with greatest sensitivity to loading. In future work, joint loading quantification based on acoustical emissions and derived GCF can be used for assessing cumulative knee usage and loading during activities, for example for patients rehabilitating knee injuries.
Assessing Correlates of Onset, Escalation, Deescalation, and Desistance of Delinquent Behavior

This article evaluates the utility of social development model constructs toassess the correlates of onset, escalation, deescalation, and desistance ofdelinquent behavior, from age 12 to age 15, using a dynamic classificationapproach. Dynamic classification places individuals into categories basedon changes in levels of delinquent behavior over time. These analyses assessthe extent to which specific constructs are associated with changes in thedelinquency status of individuals. Constructs of the social developmentmodel (SDM), including opportunities for conventional involvement, skillsfor conventional involvement, rewards for conventional involvement,proactive family management, bonding to conventional society, opportunitiesfor antisocial involvement, antisocial interactions, perceived rewards forantisocial involvement, and norms against drug use, were significantlyassociated with change in delinquent behavior over time. Many of theconstructs were particularly salient in distinguishing between youths whoremained involved in delinquency and youths who deescalated or desisted fromdelinquent behavior during this period. Implications for preventiveinterventions and criminological theory are discussed.
Improved Synthetic Routes to 5,8-Dideazapteroylglutamates Amenable to the Formation of Poly-γ-L-Glutamyl Derivatives

A variety of quinazoline analogues of folic acid (5,8-dideaza-folates) are of interest as potential antineoplastic agents, biochemical probes, and/or affinity ligands for the purification of folate requiring enzymes. Chief among these are 5,8-dideazaiso-pteroylglutamate, 5,8-dideazaisoPteGlu, (IAHQ), a compound with proven activity against the growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, and 10-formyl-5,8-dideazapteroylglutamic acid, which serves as a substrate for glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase and is also an effective inhibitor of mammalian thymidylate synthase. New methods for preparing these compounds in excellent purity as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been developed. In each case the carboxyl groups of L-glutamic acid are protected with t-butyl ester groups, since these can subsequently be removed readily using trifluoroacetic acid without decomposition or racemization of the final product. This approach has proven to be of particular value in the formation of γ-L-glutamyl derivatives of IAHQ containing 1–3 additional glutamyl residues.