cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effects of Tripton on Water Clarity: Lake Champlain

The development, testing, and application of a probabilistic modeling framework for Secchi disc (SD) transparency that resolves the effects of several light-attenuating constituents, including phytoplankton biomass [as chlorophyll concentration (Chl)] and nonphytoplankton particles (tripton), are documented. The model is consistent with optical theory, and accommodates sources of variations in the character and levels of attenuating constituents and ambient conditions during measurement of SD. Model validation is demonstrated for a broad range of SD values (0.75–5.0 m) measured at various locations on Lake Champlain. The major spatial differences in SD documented in long-term monitoring (1990–1998) of this lake are found to be primarily the result of spatial differences in levels of tripton. Tripton is found to be important in regulating SD throughout the lake. Management applications of the model demonstrate that there would be little benefit for clarity in the southern portion of the lake by reducing phytoplankton concentrations because of the high tripton levels. Erosion control is to be preferred over nutrient control as a management approach to improve clarity in that portion of the lake. A generalized version of the model is presented that has diagnostic value for managers for many lakes to support a first approximation of the contribution of tripton from paired measurements of SD and Chl.
Parenteral nutrition in pediatric surgery.

Malnutrition in childhood alters the defense mechanisms toward infections and leads to hypoalbuminemia. The risk of delayed wound healing and infections is highly increased. Parenteral nutrition is always indicated when a child will be unable or presently cannot or will not eat for more than 3 days. More than 50 substances are currently employed to fulfill the metabolic requirements. The needs for water, electrolytes, and energy are well understood, but the adequate amounts of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and trace elements still need to be investigated. Although parenteral nutrition has become a lifesaving measure for many conditions in infants and children, the intravenous route is still far from being a substitute for the bowel. A number of complications related either to the catheter or to the metabolism are more frequently seen in children than in adults. Among these, rickets, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and cholestatic jaundice are the most frequent. Ten recommendations are given to increase the utilization of infused substances and to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.
Cationic intermediates in Friedel–Crafts acylation: structural information from theory and experiment

Experimentally-determined intramolecular and intermolecular deuterium kinetic isotope effects and computational studies imply three possible kinetic scenarios for the Friedel–Crafts acylation of xylene. The influence of the structural and energetic properties of the π-complexes and σ-complex upon the observed isotope effects is explored.
Using a dwell-time increase to compensate for SLM pixelation-limited diffraction efficiency in DMHL

Dynamic maskless holographic lithography (DMHL) is a new micro-manufacturing technique that uses holograms to create patterns on a substrate instead of a mask. In DMHL, gratings and Fresnel lenses are displayed on nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) to steer light to desired locations to expose sensitive photopolymers. Micro-manufacturing can be done in two modes, serial or parallel. Serial refers to a beam being scanned through a set of points and parallel refers to an entire intensity pattern being created at once. The field over which patterning can be performed is affected by the diffraction efficiency of the displayed hologram, the maximum possible spatial frequency of the SLM, and aliasing (light being steered to unintended spots due to mismatches between designed and displayed phase patterns). This paper presents a technique to compensate for these inherent inefficiencies by properly adjusting the amount of time spent by the beam at each point in the desired feature, the dwell-time, during the lithographic process. The relationship between the spatial frequency of the appropriate grating or Fresnel lens and the dwell time is discussed. Experiments are presented with and without this technique applied, and results show that feature uniformity is improved with dwell-time compensation.
Venous air embolism. Life-threatening complication of orogenital sex during pregnancy

Vaginal insufflation in pregnant women leading to acute venous air embolism has been appreciated by obstetricians and pathologists for several decades. Initially described as a complication of powder insufflation for treatment of trichomonal vaginitis, insufflation-induced air embolism has been more recently associated with orogenital sex. The case herein illustrates a typical history that is almost pathognomonic. Clinical and laboratory abnormalities as well as treatment measures are briefly described. Familiarity with this syndrome is essential if prompt and appropriate therapy is to be rendered.
Noun phrases and coherence in child narratives

An analysis was undertaken to determine the grammatical and semantic means by which children achieve textual coherence, in narratives in particular and discourse in general. Twenty-one stories from twelve children aged two to five were analysed, with particular attention given to noun phrases (NPs) which were introduced and reiterated at least once in subsequent story clauses. In recognition of the agent-oriented nature of narrative and its sense of the succession of events, children introduced and reiterated primarily + animate NPs in their stories, expressing them predominantly as agents. With respect to discourse coherence in general, most reiterated NPs appeared in subject position both with introduction and subsequent mention, suggesting they were elements of focus. The given-new distinction was well preserved, too. Though at age five stories became considerably longer and denser with reiterated NPs, features of textual coherence held for all the age groups considered.
Analyzing losses using junction temperature of 300V 2.4kW 96% efficient, 1MHz GaN synchronous boost converter

New techniques for measuring and analyzing losses in GaN power converters are presented. A 2.4kW synchronous boost converter, switching 300V at 1MHz with normally-off, AlN-base gate, AlGaN/GaN HFETs [1], serves as a vehicle to substantiate the results. An infrared camera is utilized to accurately measure temperatures of the upper and lower switches, as a function of switched current. These temperature measurements are correlated to loss in the respective switches, utilizing temperature data obtained via DC loss measurements. The higher temperature observed in the lower switch results from the switching loss in that switch, and is clearly evident in the thermal images. Analysis of the temperature dependence exposes the loss due to dynamic on-resistance and the switching loss. The extracted parameters accurately model both the efficiency and junction temperatures versus switching current.
Glomerular formation in the developing rat olfactory bulb

Using the confocal microscope together with markers for the cellular components of glomeruli, we examined the spatiotemporal cellular interactions that occur between the axons of olfactory receptor cells, their dendritic targets, and glial cells during the critical period of glomerular formation. We have employed markers of immature and mature olfactory receptor cell axons, mitral/tufted cell dendrites, and glial cells as well as a synapse-associated protein for double- and triple-label immunocytochemistry. Axons of olfactory receptor cells grew into a dense dendritic zone of the olfactory bulb (comprising the dendrites of both mitral and tufted cells) between E17 and E18. At E19, these axons coalesced into protoglomeruli, which continued to develop until birth, when the basic anatomical structure of adult glomeruli emerged. Neither mitral/tufted cell dendrites nor olfactory bulb astrocytes became specifically associated with these protoglomeruli until E21. Ensheathing cells remained restricted to the outer nerve fiber layer and did not appear to contribute to glomerular formation. Finally, the synaptophysin staining has shown that synaptic constituents are expressed as early as E17, prior to the appearance of mature olfactory receptor cell axons. Based on these data, we have established a time line detailing the temporal and spatial interactions that occur between cell types during late embryonic rat olfactory bulb development. We conclude that the initial event in the formation of glomeruli is the penetration of the mitral/tufted cell dendritic zone by olfactory receptor cell axons. The coalescence of dendritic and glial processes into glomerular structures appears secondary to the arrival of the olfactory receptor cell axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 413:289–304, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Neutral lipids of the plasma membrane: composition of plasma membrane fractions isolated from ocular lens.

Purpose. To quantitatively examine and compare the neutral lipid composition of sedimenting and non-sedimenting ocular lens plasma membrane fractions isolated from the cortex and nucleus. Methods. Homogenates of bovine lens cortical and nuclear regions were subjected to centrifugation to sediment the water insoluble fractions, which were used as the sedimenting membrane fractions. The non-sedimenting membrane fractions were isolated from the water soluble fractions by flotation during overnight, high density centrifugation. Lipids were extracted from the membrane fractions and neutral lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography. Results. A greater concentration of triacylglycerol was found in the whole lens non-sedimenting membrane fraction (10.6 µg triacylglycerol/mg phospholipid) than in the sedimenting membrane (3.7 µg triacylglycerol/mg phospholipid). Triacyl-glycerol was found in the non-sedimenting membrane fraction isolated from both lens cortex and nucleus, but was not detected in the water...
Expression and purification of biologically active human OSF-1 in Escherichia coli.

Summary OSF-1 (also known as pleiotrophin, HB-GAM, HBGF-8 or HBNF) is a heparin-binding, neurotrophic protein. Its tissue-specific expression in rats is developmentally regulated and the protein is highly conserved between species. The protein is believed to be involved in neuronal development. Previous experiments in our laboratory showed that OSF-1 is primarily expressed in brain and bone. The biological function of OSF-1 in bone is unknown. In order to overcome the limited availability of the native protein, we now report on the high-level expression of human OSF-1 in Escherichia coli. The protein is present in the form of inclusion bodies, which were isolated and solubilized. The partially purified protein was refolded and further purified employing heparin sepharose chromatography. N-terminal sequence determination revealed the same amino acid sequence as the natural mature protein. The isolated backfolded recombinant human OSF-1 did promote neurites outgrowth in primary cultures of cortical neurons.
Real time stereographic rendering and display of medical images with programmable GPUs

The study was to explore the power and feasibility of using programmable graphics processing units (GPUs) for real-time rendering and displaying large 3D medical datasets for stereoscopic display workstation. Lung cancer screening CT images were used for developing GPU-based stereo rendering and displaying. The study was run on a personal computer with a 128 MB NVIDIA Quadro FX 1100 graphics card. The performance of rendering and displaying was measured and compared between GPU-based and central processing unit (CPU)-based programming. The results indicate that GPU-based programming was capable of rendering large 3D datasets at real-time interactive rates with stereographic displays.
Microscale Flow Pumping Inspired by Rhythmic Tracheal Compressions in Insects

Inspired by the physiological network of insects, which have dimensions on the order of micrometers to millimeters, we study the airflow within a single model insect tracheal tube. The tube undergoes localized rhythmic wall contractions. A theoretical analysis is given to model the airflow within the tracheal tube. Since flow motions at the microscale are dominated mainly by viscous effects, and the tube has radius, R, that is much smaller than its length, L, (i.e. δ = R/L ≪ 1 ), lubrication theory for axisymmetric, viscous, incompressible flows at low Reynolds number (Re ∼ δ ) is used to model the problem mathematically. Expressions for the velocity field, pressure gradient, wall shear stress and net flow produced by the driving tube wall contractions are derived. The effect of the contraction amplitudes, time lag, and spacing between two sequences of contractions on the time-averaged net flow over a single cycle of wall motions is investigated. The study presents a new, insect-inspired mechanism for valveless pumping that can guide efforts to fabricate novel microfluidic devices that mimic these physiological systems. A x-ray image that shows the tracheal network of the respiratory system of an insect (Carabid beetle) and the associated locations of these rhythmic contractions are shown in figure (1) to promote this study.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Cell-specific gene expression in oxytocin and vasopressin magnocellular neurons.

The oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) expressing magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system (HNS) have been the most studied of all the neuroendocrine cell-types. Despite this, our understanding of the mechanisms that underly the cell-specific expression of the peptide genes in these neurons has remained obscure. Part of the reason for this may be related to the close apposition of the OT and VP genes in the chromosomal locus, the genes being separated by as little as 3.5 kb in the mouse, and their interactions which are critical for cell-specific expression of the genes. Recent studies using intact rat OT and VP constructs in transgenic mice, and rat and mouse VP genes with CAT inserts in exon III as reporters in transgenic rats and mice, respectively, have suggested the presence of cell-specific enhancer elements in the 3’ downstream (intergenic region, IGR) region of the VP gene. Evidence in favor of this view is presented from transgenic mouse studies on the expression of mouse OT- and VP-CAT gene constructs. Oxytocin and vasopressin phenotypes in the magnocellular neuronal population have traditionally been assessed by either immunocytochemical or in situ hybridization histochemical methods leading to the view that these genes are never coexpressed. However, more sensitive methods show that most OT cells also express some VP mRNA, and most VP cells contain some OT mRNA. A third phenotype containing equivalent levels of both OT and VP mRNA can also be found under some conditions, thereby complicating our analysis of cell-specificity. A continuing problem hindering studies of the regulation of OT and VP gene expression in neurons, is the absence of an appropriate cell line to examine these issues. We have found that stationary slice-explant cultures allow for excellent preservation of highly differentiated magnocellular neurons in long-term culture, and that these culture can be used for physiological and pharmacological studies and analysis of gene expression.
cing: measuring network-internal delays using only existing infrastructure

Several techniques have been proposed for measuring network-internal delays. However, those that rely on router responses have questionable performance, and all proposed alternatives require either new functionality in routers or the existence of a measurement infrastructure. In this paper we revisit the feasibility of measuring network-internal delays using only existing infrastructure, focusing on the use of ICMP timestamp probes to routers. We present network measurements showing that ICMP timestamp is widely supported and that TTL-responses often perform poorly, and we analyze the effect of path instability and routing irregularities on the performance and applicability of using ICMP timestamp. We also confirm that router responses rarely introduce errors in our measurements. Finally, we present a practical algorithm for clock artifact removal that addresses problems with previous methods and has been found to perform well in our setting.
Blood lipid and oxidative stress responses to soy protein with isoflavones and phytic acid in postmenopausal women

Background Postmenopausal women are at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a result of unfavorable blood lipid profiles and increased oxidative stress. Soy protein consumption may help protect against these risk factors. Objective Our objective was to ascertain the effect of the soy protein components isoflavones and phytate on CVD risk in postmenopausal women. Design In a double-blind 6-wk study, 55 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with soy protein (40 g/d) isolate (SPI): low phytate/low isoflavone (LP/LI); normal phytate/low isoflavone (NP/LI); low phytate/normal isoflavone (LP/NI); or normal phytate/normal isoflavone (NP/NI). Blood lipids (total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol) and oxidative stress indexes (protein carbonyls, oxidized LDLs, and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2alpha)) were measured at baseline and 6 wk. Results The oxidative stress indexes were not significantly affected by either phytate or isoflavones. Phytate treatment had a minimal but nonsignificant effect in reducing protein carbonyls and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2alpha); the reductions were 6-8% and 4-6% in the NP/LI and NP/NI groups and 1-4% and 3-4% in the LP/LI and LP/NI groups, respectively. Similarly, circulating lipids were not significantly affected by either phytate or isoflavones. The decline in total (6%-7% compared with 2%-4%) and LDL (10%-11% compared with 3%-7%) cholesterol did not differ significantly between the normal- and low-isoflavone groups, respectively. Conclusion In postmenopausal women, neither phytate nor isoflavones in SPI have a significant effect of reducing oxidative damage or favorably altering blood lipids.
Polynomials of the Bifurcation Points of the Logistic Map

The bifurcation points of the logistic map are algebraic, but little has been proven about the polynomials they satisfy. We find the degrees of these polynomials show that their roots come in pairs whose mean is one, put constraints on the size and prime factors of their constant coefficients, and record the number of real roots.
Max Uhle y El Peru Antiguo, edited by Peter Kaulicke Roennann, Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Peru

This volume consists of a set of papers presented at a colloquium at Pontifica Universidad Catolica in Lima, Peru, on September 7-8, 1994, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Friedrich Max Uhle's death. The publication includes all of the papers presented at the meeting, with an additional paper by Cerron-Palomino who was invited to fill a gap dealing with Uhle's linguistic contributions, plus another paper by Hampe, which had been presented at a Berlin symposium in 1994, also held to honor Uhle. The volume is divided into two parts: the first part of 171 pages including 8 chapters by various commentators evaluating Max Uhle's works, and the second part of 184 pages, consisting of the translation into Spanish of five of the major works of Uhle originally published in German (or English) along with a short introduction, and an updated bibliography of the works of Uhle.
Filtering and frequency estimation using perturbation formulas

A new method for updating the SVD is introduced, based on perturbation formulas. The complexity of the method is O(n/sup 2/). Applications are made to frequency estimation and filtering.
Linking Sustainability Research to Intervention Types

Researchers, funders, and managers of health programs and interventions have become concerned about their long-term sustainability. However, most research about sustainability has not considered the nature of the program to be sustained. Health-related interventions may differ in their likelihood of sustainability and in the factors likely to influence continuation. I suggest a framework for analyzing the sustainability of 6 types of interventions: (1) those implemented by individual providers; (2) programs requiring coordination among multiple staff; (3) new policies, procedures, or technologies; (4) capacity or infrastructure building; (5) community partnerships or collaborations; and (6) broad-scale system change. Hypotheses for future research and strategies that program managers might use to achieve sustainability also differ by program or intervention type.
Monitoring light source for CMS lead tungstate crystal calorimeter at LHC

Light monitoring will serve as an intercalibration for Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) lead tungstate crystals in situ at the Large Hadronic Collider, which is crucial for maintaining crystal calorimeter's subpercent constant term in the energy resolution. This paper presents the design of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter monitoring light source and high-level distribution system. The correlations between variations of the light output and the transmittance for the CMS choice of yttrium-doped PbWO/sub 4/ crystals were investigated and were used to study monitoring linearity and sensitivity as a function of wavelength. The monitoring wavelength was determined so that a good linearity as well as adequate sensitivity can be achieved. The performance of a custom manufactured tunable laser system is presented. Issues related to monitoring precision are discussed.
On the Use of Structure and Sequence-Based Features for Protein Classification and Retrieval

The need to retrieve or classify protein molecules using structure or sequence-based similarity measures underlies a wide range of biomedical applications. In drug discovery, researchers search for proteins that share specific chemical properties as possible sources for new treatment. With folding simulations, similar intermediate structures might be indicative of a common folding pathway. To derive any type of similarity, however, one must have an effective model of the protein that allows for easy comparison. In this work, we present two normalized, stand-alone representations of proteins that enable fast and efficient object retrieval based on sequence or structure. To create our sequence-based representation, we take the frequency and scoring matrices returned by the PSI-BLAST alignment algorithm and create a normalized summary using a discrete wavelet transform. Our structural descriptor is constructed using an algorithm we developed previously. First, we transform each 3D structure into a 2D distance matrix by calculating the pair-wise distance between the amino acids of a protein. We normalize this matrix and apply a 2D wavelet decomposition to generate a set of approximation coefficients, which serve as our feature vector. We also concatenate the sequence and structural descriptors together to create a hybrid solution. We evaluate the generality of our models by using them as database indices for nearest-neighbor and range-based retrieval experiments as well as feature vectors for classification using support vector machines. We find that our methods provide excellent performance when compared with the current state-of-the-art techniques of each task. Our results show that the sequence-based representation is on par with, or out-performs, the structure-based representation. Moreover, we find that in the classification context, the hybrid strategy affords a significant improvement over sequence or structure.
Plato on rhetoric and rhetoricians

(1920). Plato on rhetoric and rhetoricians. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 33-53.
VOIDING FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH THE PRUNE-BELLY SYNDROME AFTER MONFORT ABDOMINOPLASTY

AbstractPurpose: We reviewed our experience with patients with the prune-belly syndrome who had undergone Monfort abdominoplasty to assess whether our clinical impression of improved voiding efficiency could be demonstrated objectively.Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 1993, 12 patients with the prune-belly syndrome underwent Monfort abdominoplasty with or without concomitant genitourinary reconstruction. All patients completed questionnaires on voiding before and after abdominoplasty, incontinence, bladder sensation, urinary flow, history of urinary tract infections and the ability to defecate. Urodynamic testing was performed in 8 patients before and after abdominoplasty.Results: Subjective changes that occurred after abdominoplasty included resolution of or less double voiding in 9 patients, improved urinary continence in 7, improved bladder fullness sensation in 11, improved urinary flow in 10 and improved defecation in 5. The incidence of urinary tract infections decreased from a preoperative avera...
Home Range Use by Swamp Rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) in a Frequently Inundated Bottomland Forest

Abstract Home range size of six swamp rabbits in south-central Arkansas was estimated by radio-telemetry from February 1991 through March 1992. The average home range size was significantly larger than previously reported estimates. This difference is partly attributable to the large number of observations per rabbit in our study, but may also be explained by our inclusion of numerous locations of swamp rabbits during periods of deep inundation. All of the individual rabbits tracked used different areas when the study site was flooded. These results provide the first quantitative description of the response of swamp rabbits to flooding.
Patient-like-mine: A real time, visual analytics tool for clinical decision support

We developed a real-time, visual analytics tool for clinical decision support. The system expands the "recall of past experience" approach that a provider (physician) uses to formulate a course of action for a given patient. By utilizing Big-Data techniques, we enable the provider to recall all similar patients from an institution's electronic medical record (EMR) repository, to explore "what-if" scenarios, and to collect these evidence-based cohorts for future statistical validation and pattern mining.
Attention Must Be Paid: Political Awareness and Trade Preference Formation

What explains public opinion on trade? Many scholars of trade opinion argue that individuals form opinions about trade based upon personal economic interest. However, public opinion research suggests that individuals are rarely able to connect the effects of national policies with their own interests. This paper addresses this puzzle. Based on over three decades of public and elite survey data, we find that higher levels of political awareness robustly predict greater support for free trade, consistent with data showing that overwhelming elite support for trade. Further, we show that the effects reported in the trade opinion literature (e.g., education, gender, race, and income) are conditioned on respondents' levels of political awareness. This suggests that few people have settled opinions on trade policy. Instead, politically-aware individuals receive cues from political elites and take positions corresponding to elite positions on trade policy.
Short-Run Price Effects of a Structural Change in a Terminal Market for Hogs

This article reports the results of an empirical analysis designed to measure the changes in relative and absolute levels of hog prices accompanying a change in the buying structure of the Louisville, Kentucky, terminal livestock market. During May 1960, the buying structure appeared to have shifted from a circular competitive relationship among firms to a dominant firm situation. This shift allowed the effects of the different structural patterns on price to be measured and appraised. The empirical results of this study illustrate the sharp change that occurred in relative prices with the changed structural relationships and provide a guide for estimating price changes that will occur in other areas and for other products under similar conditions.
Targeting the tumour microenvironment in ovarian cancer

The study of cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis has traditionally been focused on cancer cells, and the view that they proliferate due to uncontrolled growth signalling owing to genetic derangements. However, uncontrolled growth in tumours cannot be explained solely by aberrations in cancer cells themselves. To fully understand the biological behaviour of tumours, it is essential to understand the microenvironment in which cancer cells exist, and how they manipulate the surrounding stroma to promote the malignant phenotype. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic cancer worldwide. The majority of patients will have objective responses to standard tumour debulking surgery and platinum-taxane doublet chemotherapy, but most will experience disease recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. As such, a great deal of effort has been put forth to develop therapies that target the tumour microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Herein, we review the key components of the tumour microenvironment as they pertain to this disease, outline targeting opportunities and supporting evidence thus far, and discuss resistance to therapy.
Abstract 29: Initial NIHSS Predicts Poor Short-term Outcome After Minor Stroke Even at Very Low Scores

Background: Minor ischemic stroke patients often do not receive IV tPA due to mild or rapidly resolving symptoms as it is assumed that they will have excellent outcomes without treatment. Neverthel...
ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION EFFECT ON THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NYLON-6 NANOCOMPOISTE FIBERS INFUSED WITH DIAMOND AND DIAMOND COATED CARBON NANOTUBES

Nylon-6 is an engineering plastic with excellent properties and processability, which are essential in several industrial applications. The addition of filler such as diamond (DN) and diamond coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form molded composites may increase the range of Nylon-6 applications due to the resulting increase in strength. The effects of electron-beam irradiation on these thermoplastic nanocomposites are either increase in the cross-linking or causes chain scission. In this study, DN-coated CNTs were synthesized using the sonochemical technique in the presence of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The DN-coated CNTs nanoparticles and diamond nanoparticles were then introduced into Nylon-6 polymer through a melt extrusion process to form nanocomposite fibers. They were further tested for their mechanical (Tensile) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). These composites were further exposed to the electron-beam (160kGy, 132kGy and 99kGy) irradiation using a 1.5MeV electron-beam accelerator, at room temperature, in the presence of air and tested for their thermal and mechanical properties. The best ultimate tensile strength was found to be 690MPa and 864MPa irradiated at 132 for DN/CNTs/Nylon-6 and Diamond/Nylon-6 nanocomposite fiber as compared to 346MPa and 321MPa for DN/CNTs/Nylon-6 and Diamond/Nylon-6 nanocomposite fiber without irradiation. The neat Nylon-6 tensile strength was 240MPa. These results are consistent with the activation energy calculated from TGA graphs. DSC analysis result shows that the slight increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) and decrease in melting temperature (Tm) which was expected from high electron-beam radiation dose.
Artificial bootstrap

The author investigates the migration of a process from the symbol level to the knowledge level based on one such study done on an atomic reactor. In engineering there are self-emerging processes grouped under the common term bootstrap. The nature of such bootstraps is examined in providing explanations for exotic new states in the reactor. Knowledge engineers formulate the performance of the reactor on a problem space, where they are forced to postulate the existence of a special function, called the delta function, to explain the occurrences of bootstraps. At the symbol level, the existence of bootstrap operation triggered by a delta function is seen to have its origin from the basic nonmonotonic behavior of the system. At the knowledge level, it is argued that a bootstrap or its persuasive explanation comes from the knowledge engineer who is the architect of the system, both at the symbol and knowledge level. It is argued that knowledge engineers should be able to design metarules to control and explain bootstraps. >
Communicating Increased Risk: An Empirical Investigation of the National Weather Service’s Impact-Based Warnings

AbstractIn 2014, following a Central Region pilot assessment, the National Weather Service implemented large-scale use of an experimental product of enhanced severe weather warnings known as impact-based warnings (IBWs). The overarching goal of these IBWs is to improve the threat warning process and motivate appropriate responses by using event tags and additional text that provides more specificity about the magnitude of the storm and its potential consequences. These IBWs are designed to be used by individuals in the field to make more effective decisions. Although qualitative research has shown overall satisfaction with IBWs (Harrison et al. 2014; Losego et al. 2013), little published experimental research has been conducted on these new enhanced warnings. The research reported here therefore empirically investigates the effectiveness of the new IBW experimental product. In three experiments, participants adopted the role of a plant manager and read both IBWs and non-IBWs. At three different decision p...
Perceptions of Successful Aging: Intergenerational Voices Value Well-Being

This study explored the perceptions of successful aging from intergenerational perspectives. A total of 66 participants were interviewed from three different generations including college students, parents, and grandparents. After qualitative data collection and analyses were used, five conceptual categories emerged from the data that related to perceptions of successful aging. The five concepts include wisdom, health, financial stability, staying active, and well-being. Conceptual categories emerged from the participants of different generations, and some were interconnected across generations. Each category is representative of major thematic patterns. Well-being was the primary concept which emerged because all three generations perceived and explicitly discussed well-being as the most valued aspect of successful aging. Previous successful aging research informed the use of a bio-psycho-social theoretical lens to frame the study findings and discussion.
LEFT ATRIAL TO LEFT VENTRICULAR END SYSTOLIC VOLUME INDEX RATIO BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY CAN PREDICT ELEVATED LEFT ATRIAL PRESSURE IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION

Our aim was to determine if an increased left atrium (LA) to left ventricle (LV) size ratio in end systole (ventricular) on 2D echocardiography (Echo) is a marker of elevated LA pressure (LAP) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), as LA is relatively dilated and LV cavity size
A Relationship Between an Integer and the One with the Reversed Order of Digits

(1974). A Relationship Between an Integer and the One with the Reversed Order of Digits. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 36-39.
In-flight multi-variable optimization of redundant controls on a compound rotorcraft

A flight control system is designed to perform in-flight optimization of redundant control effectors on a compound rotorcraft in order to minimize power required and extend range. This “Fly to Optimal” (FTO) control law is tested in simulation using the GENHEL model. A model of a compound version of the UH-60A with lifting wing and propeller was developed. A dynamic inversion controller is implemented for inner loop control of roll, pitch, yaw, heave, and rotor RPM. An outer loop controller regulates airspeed and flight path during optimization. The FTO builds off of the Adaptive Performance Optimization (APO) method of Gilyard by performing low frequency sweeps on the redundant controls. The method has been expanded to search a two-dimensional control space. Simulation results demonstrate the ability to maximize range by optimizing stabilator deflection and an airspeed set point. A second set of results minimize power required in high speed flight by optimizing collective pitch and stabiliator deflection. Results show that the control laws effectively hold the flight condition while the FTO method is effective at improving performance. High speed optimizations show there can be issues when the control laws regulating altitude push the collective control towards it limits. So a modification was made to the control law to regulate airspeed and altitude using propeller pitch and angle of attack while the collective is held fixed or used as an optimization variable. A dynamic trim limit avoidance algorithm is applied to avoid control saturation in other axes during optimization maneuvers.
Multiple sclerosis. Oligodendrocyte proliferation and differentiation in fresh lesions.

Abstract Fresh lesions in the brain and spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis who died shortly after the onset of symptoms were examined immunocytochemically for myelin and oligodendrocyte antigens that are known to be sequentially expressed during normal development. Cells with oligodendrocyte-like morphology that appear in large numbers throughout fresh lesions after acute myelin breakdown and before new myelin formation were found to express galactocerebroside, carbonic anhydrase, and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase but not myelin-associated glycoprotein or myelin basic protein. They also exhibit intense surface reactivity for a carbohydrate epitope associated with the family of cell adhesion molecules recognized by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1. With the onset of remyelination and the appearance of myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic proteins, CNP, and the HNK-1 epitope is newly formed myelin sheaths, perikaryon CNP and HNK-1 reactivity diminished. A possible oligodendrocyte precursor cell in the form of a large HNK-1 positive glial fibrillary acidic protein negative glial cell was observed among interfascicular oligodendrocytes in white matter bordering these hypercellular plaques. Because a similar progression in the expression of CNP and the HNK-1 epitope occurs during normal oligodendrocyte differentiation, these observations are additional evidence that extensive oligodendrocyte regeneration occurs in some plaques early in the course of the disease. The finding of large numbers of immature oligodendrocytes, presumably expressing many developmentally restricted antigens not normally present in the mature nervous system, in plaques at a particular stage in their evolution may be important in understanding why remyelination eventually fails in multiple sclerosis.
Budget cuts and human services: one community's experience.

Greensboro, North Carolina, is a representative medium size city. This report tells how the national administration's economic program has brought changes to the city—particularly to social service...
Diminished α-inhibin messenger ribonucleic acid in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer poor responders reflects declining follicle reserve *

Objectives To quantitate and compare granulosa cell α-inhibin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in IVF-ET poor and good responders and thereby learn how α-inhibin mRNA levels change in states of diminished ovarian responsiveness. Design Ribonucleic acid analysis of stored luteinized granulosa cell samples. Setting Academic tertiary care institution. Patients Fifty-three women undergoing follicle aspiration for IVF-ET were studied. Patients were classified as poor responders (n=16) or good responders (n=37) according to their E 2 concentration on the day of hCG; the E 2 of poor responders was Main Outcome Measures Messenger RNA levels were measured using dot blot RNA analysis. The following parameters were determined or derived: total mRNA levels, total α-inhibin mRNA levels, α-inhibin mRNA per follicle, and proportional α-inhibin mRNA as the ratio of α-inhibin mRNAitotal mRNA. Results Proportional α-inhibin mRNA and α-inhibin mRNA per follicle were not significantly different between poor responders and good responders. Total mRNA and total α-inhibin mRNA levels, however, were diminished significantly in poor responders. Conclusions The observations that proportional α-inhibin mRNA and α-inhibin mRNA per follicle do not significantly change in poor responders, whereas total a-inhibin mRNA does, indicate that the decrease in total α-inhibin mRNA in poor responders reflects a decreased pool of total mRNA, likely because of a reduction in follicle number. These findings are in contrast to other recent reports that describe a change in granulosa cell function accompanying states of decreased ovarian responsiveness.
Bandwidth as a function of number of sources and loads in multiport radio-frequency systems

We show how the bandwidth over which power can be transferred from multiple radio-frequency sources to multiple loads scales with the number of sources and loads. Our principal tools include broadband multiport matching upper bounds on the integral over all frequency of the logarithm of a suitably defined power reflection ratio. We also characterize matching structures whose bandwidth scale as the ratio between the numbers of loads and sources.
Breast Cancer Symptom Clusters Derived From Social Media and Research Study Data Using Improved $K$ -Medoid Clustering

Most cancer patients, including patients with breast cancer, experience multiple symptoms simultaneously while receiving active treatment. Some symptoms tend to occur together and may be related, such as hot flashes and night sweats. Co-occurring symptoms may have a multiplicative effect on patients’ functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Symptom clusters in the context of oncology were originally described as groups of three or more related symptoms. Some authors have suggested symptom clusters may have practical applications, such as the formulation of more effective therapeutic interventions that address the combined effects of symptoms rather than treating each symptom separately. Most studies that have sought to identify clusters in breast cancer survivors have relied on traditional research studies. Social media, such as online health-related forums, contain a bevy of user-generated content in the form of threads and posts, and could be used as a data source to identify and characterize symptom clusters among cancer patients. This paper seeks to determine patterns of symptom clusters in breast cancer survivors derived from both social media and research study data using improved $K$ -medoid clustering. A total of 50426 publicly available messages were collected from Medhelp.com and 653 questionnaires were collected as part of a research study. The network of symptoms built from social media was sparse compared with that of the research study data, making the social media data easier to partition. The proposed revised $K$ -medoid clustering helps to improve the clustering performance by reassigning some of the negative-average silhouette width (ASW) symptoms to other clusters after initial $K$ -medoid clustering. This retains an overall nondecreasing ASW and avoids the problem of trapping in local optima. The overall ASW, individual ASW, and improved interpretation of the final clustering solution suggest improvement. The clustering results suggest that some symptom clusters are consistent across social media data and clinical data, such as gastrointestinal related symptoms, menopausal symptoms, mood-change symptoms, cognitive impairment, and pain-related symptoms. We recommend an integrative approach taking advantage of both data sources. Social media data could provide context for the interpretation of clustering results derived from research study data, while research study data could compensate for the risk of lower precision and recall found using social media data.
Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma with Polyarthritis Resembling Rheumatoid Arthritis

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). AITL typically presents with lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and rarely polyarthritis. We report the case of a 50-year-old female who presented with lymphadenopathy, rash, and symmetric polyarthritis. She was later diagnosed with AITL and was treated with chemotherapy with resolution of arthritis. AITL should be suspected in paitents presenting with rheumatoid-like arthritis and diffuse lymphadenopathy.
Direct magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsy of the prostate: lessons learned in establishing a regional referral center.

MRI-targeted biopsy of the prostate appears to have the potential to reduce the high rates of underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis associated with the current diagnostic standard of transrectal ultrasound guided systematic biopsy. Direct or "in bore" MRI-guided biopsy is one of the three methods for MRI-targeted core needle sampling of suspicious, generally Pi-RADS 4 or 5, foci within the prostate, and our early experience suggests the approach demonstrates substantial utility and promise in the care of patients with prostate cancer. We performed direct MRI-guided biopsies in 50 patients within 19 months of establishing the first referral center for this service in our region. Our preliminary results indicate the service can be easily grown due to unmet demand, primarily in patients with a negative traditional systematic biopsy but with a concerning focus at MRI (30 of 50; 60%). Other applications include evaluation of patients who are on active surveillance (n=14; ten upgraded to higher Gleason score at MRI-guided biopsy), who are biopsy naive (n=5; all positive at MRI-guided biopsy), or post focal therapy (n=1; positive for recurrent tumor at MRI-guided biopsy). With careful patient selection and technique, we have achieved a favorable overall positive biopsy rate of 73% (37 of 50), with 84% (31 of 37) positive biopsies demonstrating Gleason score 7 or greater disease. Large multicenter comparative trials will be required to determine the relative accuracy and appropriate utilization of direct MRI guided biopsy in the care pathway of patients with known or suspected prostate cancer.
Effect of Ad Repetition and Relevance in Social Media Advertising

New advertising media are emerging at a rapid rate and along with this we are witnessing a shift in advertising away from traditional media into newer ones such as search advertising and social media. Academic and practitioner research has examined characteristics of these new media such as LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook and their effectiveness on consumer behavior. However, more work remains to be done to improve our understanding of the role of consumer behaviors, previously studied in the context of traditional media, in today’s new media. In this research paper, we will examine the role of ad repetition, remarketing /retargeting and the mere exposure effect.
Alternative SiO2 Surface Direct MDCK Epithelial Behavior.

The mechanical interactions of cells are mediated through adhesive interactions. In this study, we examined the growth, cellular behavior, and adhesion of MDCK epithelial cells on three different SiO2 substrates: amorphous glass coverslips and the silicon oxide layers that grow on ⟨111⟩ and ⟨100⟩ wafers. While compositionally all three substrates are almost similar, differences in surface energy result in dramatic differences in epithelial cell morphology, cell–cell adhesion, cell–substrate adhesion, actin organization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression. We also observe striking differences in ECM protein binding to the various substrates due to the hydrogen bond interactions. Our results demonstrate that MDCK cells have a robust response to differences in substrates that is not obviated by nanotopography or surface composition and that a cell’s response may manifest through subtle differences in surface energies of the materials. This work strongly suggests that other properties of a mate...