cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Gastrojejunostomy Tube Placement in Infants with Congenital Cardiac Disease.

Abstract Introduction: Gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes are an option for durable enteral access for critically ill infants with congenital cardiac disease who struggle with obtaining adequate nutrition. Materials and Methods: Infants weighing less than 10 kg with cardiac disease who received placement of a laparoscopic GJ tube from November 2011 to January 2015 were reviewed. The operative technique used an umbilical port for the camera and a single stab incision for the gastric access site. After insufflation to 5–8 mm Hg, the stomach was suspended to the abdominal wall, after which a dilator was maneuvered into a postpyloric position using laparoscopic visualization and fluoroscopy, and a glidewire was passed into the duodenum. The GJ tube was then fluoroscopically threaded over the glidewire; final position was confirmed by contrast injection. Results: There were 32 laparoscopic GJ tube placement operations performed; 7 (21.9%) of these tubes were standard single-unit GJ tubes, and 25 (78.1%) were low-pro...
EFFECTS OF BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS AND PREDATORS ON THE NESTING SUCCESS OF YELLOW WARBLERS IN SOUTHWEST COLORADO

We studied the effects of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and predators on the reproductive biology of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) in La Plata County, Colorado, 1992–1996. Overall, 36.4% of Yellow Warbler nests (n = 66) were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Although parasitized and nonparasitized nests were equally likely to fledge at least one warbler, in nonparasitized nests, warblers had larger clutches, hatched more young, and tended to fledge more young. Frequency of parasitism was not influenced by nest height and, on a weekly basis, was not correlated with number of warbler nests initiated. Overall, 39.1% of Yellow Warbler nests were lost to predators, but complete predation was not affected by nest height. On a weekly basis, percent complete predation of warbler nests increased with number of active nests. No significant relationship existed between frequency of complete predation and frequency of parasitism in Yellow Warbler nests.
Magnetotransport Properties, Thermally Activated Flux Flow, and Activation Energies in Ba(Fe 0.95 Ni 0.05 ) 2 As 2 and Ba(Fe 0.94 Ni 0.06 ) 2 As 2 Superconductors

Thermally assisted flux flow (TAFF) is studied in bulk Ba(Fe0.95 Ni0.05)2As2 (T c = 20.4 K) and Ba(Fe0.94 Ni0.06)2As2 (T c = 18.5 K) superconductors by transport measurements in magnetic fields up to 18 T. In addition, the upper critical field μ 0 H c2(0) and the coherence length ξ(0) are determined. The data is analyzed in the context of the widely accepted Anderson-Kim model and Fischer model. The onset TAFF temperature and the crossover temperature T x from TAFF to flux flow are determined. The flux pinning activation energy U is modeled as U(T,H) = U 0(H) f(t) where f(t) is some temperature function and the modified Anderson-Kim model is used to extract U 0, which is graphed as a function of magnetic field μ 0 H near T c. The resistive regime is observed, which is caused by fluctuations. Fisher’s model is applied to determine the glass melting transition temperature; it occurs in the upper TAFF state and not in the expected zero-resistivity vortex solid regime. Furthermore, the resistive transition width is proportional to μ 0 H, in contrast to Tinkham’s prediction. The H-T phase diagram is drawn.
The UCLA bi-polar planar near-field scanner. I. An overview of measured results

The authors describe the UCLA bipolar technique and the associated data processing methods. Measured results are compared with those measured on a conventional far-field range. Some of the salient features of the near-field scanner are: simple mechanical design with no linear motion, uni-structure to eliminate misalignment of axes, probe rotator for despinning probe if desired, use of standard optical bench rotary tables, telescopic antenna pedestal to adjust probe/AUT (antenna under test) spacing, PC control of open-loop stepper motor drive, PC control of HP 8510 with balanced external mixers for low loss and large dynamic range, and large scan plane acquisition for given hardware and chamber. The measured antenna patterns shown demonstrate that this technique yields data commensurate with those measured on the conventional far-field range. >
Epidemic Propagation in Overlaid Wireless Networks

With the emergence of computer worms that can spread over air interfaces, wireless ad hoc and sensor networks can be vulnerable to node compromises even if the deployed network is not connected to the backbone. Depending on the physical topology of the wireless network, even a single infected node can compromise the whole network. In this work, epidemic (e.g. worm) propagation in a static wireless network is studied, where a number of infected mobile nodes are injected over the existing network. It is shown that the epidemic spread threshold and size depend on the physical topology of the underlying static wireless network as well as the mobility model employed by the infected mobile nodes. More specifically, results show that in a fully-connected static wireless network targeted attacks are more effective, whereas for a random topology random attacks can be sufficient to compromise the whole network.
Fluidized bed freeboard phenomena: Entrainment and elutriation

A model describing the entrainment of solid particles in the freeboard region of a fluidized bed is proposed. Published experimental data have been used to correlate the entrainment rate near the bed surface and the elutriation rate above the bed. It has been shown that the column diameter can have an important influence on the amount of fines elutriated.
MIMO Transceiver Optimization With Linear Constraints on Transmitted Signal Covariance Components

This correspondence revisits the joint transceiver optimization problem for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The linear transceiver as well as the transceiver with linear precoding and decision feedback equalization are considered. For both types of transceivers, in addition to the usual total power constraint, an individual power constraint on each antenna element is also imposed. A number of objective functions including the average bit error rate, are considered for both of the above systems under the generalized power constraint. It is shown that for both types of systems the optimization problem can be solved by first solving a class of MMSE problems (AM-MMSE or GM-MMSE depending on the type of transceiver), and then using majorization theory. The first step, under the generalized power constraint, can be formulated as a semidefinite program (SDP) for both types of transceivers, and can be solved efficiently by convex optimization tools. The second step is addressed by using results from majorization theory. The framework developed here is general enough to add any finite number of linear constraints to the covariance matrix of the input.
The Racial Dimension in Urban Political Economy

Race continues to play a critical independent role in determining urban outcomes for black Americans. Blacks remain segregated and economically disadvantaged. Their economic condition has deteriora...
The Healthcare Professional of the Future: Function Based upon Competence

There is an ongoing evolution in healthcare in the U.S., a metamorphosis that may continue indefinitely. The most immediately identifiable change is an economic one that is generally classified as cost containment. Notwithstanding the important financial redirection in healthcare, there should be a functional reevaluation of various professionals as well. This is already ongoing and certainly will continue. In order to preserve authority and economic benefit, enhanced interprofessional boundaries are expected byproducts of a cost-containment approach. Hence, advancement toward the healthcare system of the future is destined to take a convoluted path that is influenced in an infinite number of ways by the professions themselves, the federal government, and society. We should be reminded that patients are best served by the competent performance of a task which is often independent of any given profession.
The History of Tissue Engineering Using Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds and Cells

In the not too distant past, organ transplantation was considered a futuristic concept. However, things considered miraculous in one era may be merely remarkable in another (Langer and Vacanti, 1995). Over the last half of this century, development of techniques for tissue and organ transplantation have been revolutionary. Along with the tremendous advances in the field of transplantation, new problems have emerged needing solutions. It is in this context that the field of tissue engineering has emerged over the last decade (Vacanti and Vacanti, 1996).
A New Plant Record for Iowa: Lactuca hirsuta (Asteraceae)

A new record of a native vascular plant, Lactuca hirsuta Muhlenberg ex Nuttall var. sanguinea (Bigelow) Fernald, is reported for Iowa. A specimen was collected in 1983 by the author during a study ...
Family Connections

This issue's New Products column focuses on connected youth and their families. The author looks at two iPhone applications to help avoid the "are we there yets?" on long car rides and to help record memories of the places you'll visit this summer. The first application is effectively a reverse karaoke application: you sing; it accompanies. The second application creates panoramic images from sequences of individual images. The author then discusses three new devices—the Alex eReader; an Intel power management device; and the Microsoft Kin, a mobile phone that's connected to major social-networking sites.
Leaf toughness in Quercus agrifolia and its effects on tissue selection by first instars of Phryganidia californica (Lepidoptera: Dioptidae) and Bucculatrix albertiella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

Causes of toughness in mature leaves of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Nee, were identified and quantified, their effects on early instars of the California oakworm ( Phryganidia californica Packard) were determined, and the strategies used by the larvae for successful feeding on tough leaves were compared with those used by an oak leaf skeletonizer ( Bucculatrix albertiella Braun). Histological methods showed that tissue thickness, bundlesheath extensions, areoles, and lignin contributed to leaf toughness. At the abaxial surface, the extensions were significantly larger, areole areas significantly smaller, and lignins were concentrated in the lower epidermal tissues. The abaxial surface and adaxial areas near the primary vein were significantly harder than other leaf areas measured with a penetrometer, and this was correlated with structural differences. P. californica larvae confined to the tougher abaxial surface were unable to reach the palisade cells because of the insects' head capsule and mandibular morphology. These larvae weighed significantly less than adaxial feeders. On the adaxial surface, larvae fed near the marginal vein and preferred the palisade tissue. The gape and dimensions of the mandibles restricted the method and depth of feeding within an areole. In contrast, B. albertiella was not affected by most of the components of leaf toughness; the morphology of the head capsule permitted larvae to feed from the tougher surface.
Value of detection of serum tumor biomarkers in lung cancer diagnosis, pathological type and clinical stage

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of 5 tumor biomarkers,namely carbohydrate antigen-125(CA-125), carbohydrate antigen-199 (CA-199),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), Cytokeratin 19(CYFRA21-1), independently or in combination for lung cancer diagnosis,pathological type and clinical stage. Methods Electrochemiluminesce-nce immunization was used to determine biomarker levels expressed in 309 patients with pulmonary disease. Results The observed levels of CA125, CA199, CEA, NSE and CYFRA 21-1 in patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma of the lung were associated with the highest sensitivity levels of CYFRA21-1 and CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE, respectively. The combination of 4 tumor biomarkers, namely, CAl25+CEA+NSE+CYFRA21-1 showed 87.26% sensitivity for lung cancer. The ROC of CYFRA21-1 was 0.840±0.032(95%CI,0.777-0.904). The positive rates and levels of CA125, CEA, CYFRA21-1 were different in clinical stages of lung cancer. Conclusion CA125, CA199, CEA, NSE and CYFRA 21-1 are valuable in the diagnosis, pathological type and clinical stage of lung cancer,especially CYFRA 21-1.The combination of CA125+CEA+NSE+CYFRA21-1 showed higher sensitivity for lung cancer. CA125, CEA, CYFRA21-1 play an important role in clinical stage.
Running Status and Performance Examining Analysis of AGC for Thermal Power Units in Zhejiang Electric Power Grid

Running status of automation generation control(AGC) for thermal power units in Zhejiang electric power grid is introduced.Performance examining method for aid service of AGC is described.Combine with statistical examining data,two different performance examining methods for AGC are contrasted and the different influencing factors are analyzed.The corresponding optimization emphasis and target are provided to improve the performance examining result for AGC.
Biphasic effect of a prostacyclin methyl ester analog on uterine contractility in the chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus monkey in late gestation.

We determined the in vivo effects of a prostacyclin methyl ester analog (PGI2) administration on myometrial activity in twelve chronically- catheterized pregnant rhesus monkeys during the last third of pregnancy under three different states of myometrial contractility: postsurgical contractions, spontaneous contractures and oxytocin induced contractions. Prostacyclin (200 micrograms) was administered to four monkeys 2-3 h after surgery, to eight monkeys having only contractures, and to four monkeys having oxytocin induced contractions. Vehicle administration was performed in six animals having contractures and to four having oxytocin induced contractions. In all three experimental paradigms PGI2 administration elicited a biphasic response in uterine contractility. An initial increase in the 5 min average intrauterine pressure (IUP) value from 2.3 +/- 1.29 to 5.8 +/- 2.29; 3.6 +/- 2.38 to 7.6 +/- 3.59; and 2.3 +/- 0.65 to 8.6 +/- 0.72 (SD); was observed in the post-surgical, spontaneous contracture and oxytocin induced contraction groups respectively (mmHg, P less than 0.05). This increase was followed by a fall in the 5 min average IUP from 2.3 +/- 1.29 to 0.6 +/- 0.49; 3.6 +/- 2.38 to 1.3 +/- 0.86; and 2.3 +/- 0.65 to 0.1 +/- 0.11 in the post-surgical, spontaneous contracture and oxytocin induced contraction groups respectively (mmHg, P less than 0.05). A fall in mean arterial blood pressure from 89 +/- 9.0 to 55 +/- 10.9 (mmHg, P less than 0.05) and a compensatory tachycardia from 108 +/- 18.2 to 164 +/- 56.2 (beats.min-1, P less than 0.05) was observed by 10 min after PGI2 administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prospects for Liberalising the International Trading System

The first half of the 1980s was perhaps the most turbulent period for the international economy since the Second World War. The second oil price increase in 1979–80, and the disinflationary response of most OECD governments, led to a series of major economic difficulties. World-wide recession resulted, and with it came a number of highly-publicised economic ills. These included the ‘debt crisis’ of some developing countries, the drop in primary commodity prices, ultimately including oil, and the first drop (in 1982) in the value and volume of world trade in any year since the end of the Second World War. For the United States, some of the difficulty was at first hidden as expansionary fiscal policy offset tight monetary policy. However, as most economists had forecast, that imbalance gave rise to a series of events — including strong appreciation of the dollar, a sharp rise in real interest rates in the United States and abroad, and large swings in current account balances among the developed countries — which led to further dislocations both in the United States and in other major trading nations.
Advising Students for Success in Higher Education: An All-Out Effort:

Advising students for success in higher education has always been an important and challenging task. This becomes even more critical nowadays as most higher education institutions are trying to boo...
Imitation-based aphasia therapy increases narrative content: a case series

Objective:To test the generalization of an intensive imitation-based aphasia therapy to an unrelated narrative production task.Design:ABA design study (A= no treatment; B= treatment) comparing imitation therapy to a baseline condition (pre-therapy). Participants produced narratives at two pre-therapy and two post-therapy time points. Narratives were analyzed for correct information units to determine the number and percent of communicative words produced.Setting:A rehabilitation clinic and participants’ homes.Participants:Nineteen people with chronic aphasia following left hemisphere stroke.Interventions:Six weeks of intensive imitation therapy (3 x 30 minutes/day; 6 days/week) of words and phrases delivered via dedicated laptop.Main measures:We performed t-tests to assess post-therapy changes in narrative production, as well as for intervals during which no intervention was provided. We used stepwise regression to examine the predictive value of demographic, behavioral, and neurological variables in dete...
It May Not Be That Difficult the Second Time Around: The Effects of Rereading on the Comprehension and Metacomprehension of Negated Text.

The present research explored the awareness that readers have of the difficulty of negative text and aimed to determine whether rereading could impact comprehension and metacomprehension. Participants read passages that sometimes contained negative words such as ‘no’ and ‘not’, rated their comprehension, and answered a comprehension question about the passage. Half of the passages were read twice and rated again before the participant was prompted to answer a comprehension question. Results showed that passages that were read twice were rated as easier to understand, and questions that corresponded with those passages were answered with higher accuracy as well. However, these improvements were not exclusive to negated passages. And, while participants were aware that the negative passages were harder to comprehend, this understanding did not aid in heightened comprehension of the negative text. Rereading was demonstrated to be a helpful strategy overall but was not sufficient to specifically help with negation.
Large-Scale Prediction of Drug-Target Interaction: a Data-Centric Review

The prediction of drug-target interactions (DTIs) is of extraordinary significance to modern drug discovery in terms of suggesting new drug candidates and repositioning old drugs. Despite technological advances, large-scale experimental determination of DTIs is still expensive and laborious. Effective and low-cost computational alternatives remain in strong need. Meanwhile, open-access resources have been rapidly growing with massive amount of bioactivity data becoming available, creating unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel in silico models for large-scale DTI prediction. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art computational approaches for identifying DTIs from a data-centric perspective: what the underlying data are and how they are utilized in each study. We also summarize popular public data resources and online tools for DTI prediction. It is found that various types of data were employed including properties of chemical structures, drug therapeutic effects and side effects, drug-target binding, drug-drug interactions, bioactivity data of drug molecules across multiple biological targets, and drug-induced gene expressions. More often, the heterogeneous data were integrated to offer better performance. However, challenges remain such as handling data imbalance, incorporating negative samples and quantitative bioactivity data, as well as maintaining cross-links among different data sources, which are essential for large-scale and automated information integration.
From the Technical to the Personal: Teaching and Learning Health Insurance Regulation and Reform

In the Fall of 2016, I taught Health Law and Policy for the fourth consecutive semester. Over time, one thing has become increasingly clear: the aspect of this course that I work with most closely as a scholar — the regulation of health care financing and insurance, including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) — is also the material that I find the most challenging to teach. Every time I reflect on teaching this material, and hear from students about how they learn this material, the thing that stands out is how critical it is that my students understand the profound impact that this technical subject has on individuals’ lives. Health insurance regulation simultaneously shapes and is an expression of social values. It defines the types of harms we expect individuals to shoulder on their own and what we are willing to mitigate collectively, as a society. Every rule that expands the scope of insurance — whether private or social insurance — is a signal of greater social solidarity with respect to each other’s health. Every contraction of the scope of insurance is the opposite, and leaves individuals more vulnerable to poor health or financial insecurity due to high health care spending. These broader implications are what draw me to the topic — as a teacher and as a scholar. My ultimate goal is for my students to understand this social meaning: why insurance is regulated as it is, how that regulation reflects larger social values, and the impact — both intended and unintended — that insurance regulation has on the shape of our society. When asked to write this Article on teaching health insurance regulation and reform for the Saint Louis University Law Journal Teaching Issue, I took the opportunity to confirm that what I thought worked in the classroom was actually working. To this end, I asked two of my former students to reflect, as my co-authors, on learning health insurance regulation and reform in my Health Law and Policy class, and I discovered that some of my aims were hitting the mark and others could benefit from refinement. In Part I of this Article, I describe my goals and approaches in teaching these topics as well as why this material can be difficult to teach. My student co-authors reflect on their own experiences in learning this material in Part II, including what they took away from it and what questions remain. In the final Part of the Article, I highlight how my co-authors’ insights have informed my teaching.
Does Sport Celebrity Advocacy Work? Testing the Potential for Endorsements to Backfire

ABSTRACTFandom and psychological reactance theory, a framework for understanding reactions to messages perceived to limit an individual’s freedom to choose freely, are used to examine the influence of sports celebrities. An experiment was conducted (n = 283) to examine the impact of source similarity and controlling language use on reactance levels and message evaluations. Findings suggest that sources perceived to be similar generated less reactance than dissimilar sources. Similar source messages were also linked to greater potential for information-seeking behavior. High- versus low-controlling language use was examined in conjunction with similarity; low-controlling language was found to generate the least reactance regardless of source similarity. Implications for the use of celebrity advocacy in marketing and public relations are discussed.
Abstract 4754: Fractionated whole brain radiation-induced behavioral changes in athymic nude mice is associated with sustained neuroinflammation and microglial M1-phenotype

The objective of this study is to study the late-chronic effects of fractionated whole brain irradiation (fWBI) on cognitive impairment and associated cellular and molecular neuro-inflammatory mechanisms using clinically relevant and reliable mouse models. Microglia are recognized as the primary innate immune component of neuroinflammation. However, microglial contributions to radiation-induced cognitive impairment are poorly understood. Here, an athymic nude (Nu/Nu) mouse model was employed to address this issue. Mice were divided into two groups: radiation treatment (XRT) and no-treatment control (CTL). The whole brain of each XRT mouse received 30 Gy (3 Gy/fraction) of radiation over two weeks. XRT and CTL mice were assessed for cognitive and behavioral changes at 1, 4, and 6 months posttreatment using the novel object recognition test (for long-term, non-spatial memory), the free running Y-Maze (for short-term, spatial memory) and Barnes Maze (for spatial learning and memory). A significant decline in novel object recognition in the XRT group (P Citation Format: Suman Kanji, Benjamin Johnson, Kristina Witcher, Pooja Gulati Gulati, Shannon Chen, Jonathan Godbout, Randy J. Nelson, Saikh Haque, Arnab Chakravarti. Fractionated whole brain radiation-induced behavioral changes in athymic nude mice is associated with sustained neuroinflammation and microglial M1-phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4754. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4754
A semi-analytical solution to compositional flow in liquid-rich gas plays

Abstract Liquid-rich gas (LRG) reservoirs can exhibit complex phase and flow behavior due to gas condensation and re-vaporization and differences in phase mobilities that results in compositional variations inside the system. To date, the analysis of composition variation in liquid-rich wells has been largely limited to numerical modeling. This work uses a similarity-based analytical approach to study the in situ and flowing fluid composition of gas condensate wells producing under infinite-acting linear and radial flow under constant bottomhole pressure (BHP) condition. We propose a semi-analytical solution to the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) written in terms a compositional fluid formulation for multiphase (gas, oil and water) flow system in liquid rich gas reservoirs. The proposed solution is developed using similarity-theory (i.e. Boltzmann’s transformation) and is validated by both analytical development and numerical simulation data. Using proposed method, pressure and overall composition are solved simultaneously and rigorously without any kind of simplification or approximation, from which producing fluid composition can be fully predicted prior to the availability of field production data. Moreover, results corroborate that when LRG wells are producing under 1 D linear regime – a commonly-observed flow condition for hydraulically-fractured horizontal wells completed in unconventional formations – and against a constant BHP constraint, the producing wellbore fluid composition remains constant as long as the system remains infinite acting, leading to a constant producing gas-oil ratio (GOR). For radial flow, however, producing wells team composition and GOR are shown to be time-dependent before stabilization at a nearly-constant value.
Protection Of Neurocognitive Function During Cranial Irradiation Of Brain Tumors

Although radiation therapy can be effective against cancer, potential damage to normal tissues limits the amount that can be safely administered. In the central nervous system (CNS), radiation damage to normal tissues is associated with cognitive impairments. Chronic oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis, and down regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been identified as the causes for cognitive impairments following radiation therapy of the CNS. Based on these mechanisms, we tested two experimental drugs, each targeting a different pathway, for their ability to preserve normal tissue functions in experimental animals following cranial irradiation. The Mn porphyrin (MnP)-based redox active drug, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnBuOE), is able to cross the blood brain barrier and has been shown to protect normal tissues from radiation damage. Administration of MnBuOE for one week before cranial irradiation and continued for one week afterwards supported production and long-term survival of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, prolonged administration of MnBuOE following cranial irradiation did not increase the efficacy further, suggesting the best therapeutic window for redox active drugs is centered around the time of irradiation. The small flavonoid compound 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) has been shown to activate the high affinity BDNF receptor, TrkB, and enhance dendrite outgrowth and neuronal survival. Chronic treatment with 7,8-DHF following cranial irradiation significantly restored spatial, contextual, and working memory, and this was achieved most likely by preservation of hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity during the recovery phase following cranial irradiation. Given the different biological effects of the two experimental drugs, strategic use during their optimal therapeutic windows before and after cranial radiation therapy may achieve the best efficacy in preserving normal tissue functions.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Human Colon Carcinomas

Monoclonal antibodies have been generated that are reactive with human colon carcinomas. The rationale for the studies was to utilize extracts from patient biopsy material (and not colon cancer cell lines) as immunogen to increase the probability that any monoclonal antibody generated be reactive with colon carcinomas in a clinical setting. Five immunization protocols were used employing extracts and membrane enriched fractions from both primary and metastatic colon carcinoma lesions. Twenty nine monoclonal antibodies from double-cloned hybridoma cultures have been characterized; all are of the IgG isotope. Preliminary results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies can be placed into 15 groups on the basis of their differential reactivities to six colon carcinoma extracts, the surface of three colon carcinoma cell lines and five partially purified CEA preparations from bloods of colon cancer patients. Some of the monoclonal antibodies were shown to bind from one to five of the five CEA preparations, while others showed no anti-CEA reactivity. None of the 29 monoclonal antibodies reacted with extracts of 21 normal human tissues including livers, spleens, kidneys, red blood cells, (of several blood groups), or polymorphonuclear leucocytes. All the 29 monoclonal antibodies could be distinguished, on the basis of differential reactivities to various tumors and normal human tissues, from several monoclonal antibodies (B1.1, B6.2, B72.3) reactive with colon carcinomas that have been previously generated in our laboratory. Further immunohistochemical and radiolocalization studies will further define the potential clinical utility of the monoclonals described.
High volume crystalloid resuscitation adversely affects pediatric trauma patients.

Abstract Background Aggressive fluid resuscitative strategies have been the cornerstone of early trauma management for decades. However, recent prospective adult studies have challenged this practice, underlining the detrimental effect of positive fluid balance on cardiopulmonary function. Fluid overload has been associated with impaired oxygenation and morbidity in critically ill adults, but data is lacking in pediatric trauma patients. Methods We completed a retrospective chart review of all pediatric trauma patients 0–18 years old admitted to a level 1 trauma center from January 2013 to December 2015. Four patient cohorts were established based on volume of fluid administered: 60 ml/kg/day. The primary outcome was death. Secondary outcomes included the number of days on the ventilator, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), overall length of stay (LOS), number of days nil per os (NPO) as an indicator of ileus, and incidence of bloodstream infection and/or surgical site infection. Results The mean volume of fluid administered over the first 24 h was 41 ml/kg/day, and 28 ml/kg/day over the first 48 h. ICU length of stay and overall length of stay were increased in patients who received more than 60 ml/kg/day in the first 24 h of their hospitalization. Furthermore, ventilator use, ICU length of stay, overall length of stay, and time to resumption of a regular diet were all increased in patients who received > 60 ml/kg/day over 48 h. Conclusions Early administration of high volumes of crystalloid fluid greater than 60 ml/kg/day significantly correlates with pulmonary complications, days NPO, and hospital length of stay. These results span the first 48 h of a patient's hospital stay and should encourage surgical care providers to exercise judicious use of crystalloid fluid administration in the trauma bay, ICU, and floor. Type of Study Therapeutic. Level of Evidence Level III.
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming

Author(s): Schadel, C; Koven, CD; Lawrence, DM; Celis, G; Garnello, AJ; Hutchings, J; Mauritz, M; Natali, SM; Pegoraro, E; Rodenhizer, H; Salmon, VG; Taylor, MA; Webb, EE; Wieder, WR; Schuur, EAG | Abstract: In the last few decades, temperatures in the Arctic have increased twice as much as the rest of the globe. As permafrost thaws in response to this warming, large amounts of soil organic matter may become vulnerable to decomposition. Microbial decomposition will release carbon (C) from permafrost soils, however, warmer conditions could also lead to enhanced plant growth and C uptake. Field and modeling studies show high uncertainty in soil and plant responses to climate change but there have been few studies that reconcile field and model data to understand differences and reduce uncertainty. Here, we evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) from eight years of experimental soil warming in moist acidic tundra against equivalent fluxes from the Community Land Model during simulations parameterized to reflect the field conditions associated with this manipulative field experiment. Over the eight-year experimental period, soil temperatures and thaw depths increased with warming in field observations and model simulations. However, the field and model results do not agree on warming effects on water table depth; warming created wetter soils in the field and drier soils in the models. In the field, initial increases in growing season GPP, Reco, and NEE to experimentally-induced permafrost thaw created a higher C sink capacity in the first years followed by a stronger C source in years six through eight. In contrast, both models predicted linear increases in GPP, Reco, and NEE with warming. The divergence of model results from field experiments reveals the role subsidence, hydrology, and nutrient cycling play in influencing the C flux responses to permafrost thaw, a complexity that the models are not structurally able to predict, and highlight challenges associated with projecting C cycle dynamics across the Arctic.
RACCOON (PROCYON LOTOR) RESPONSE TO ONTARIO RABIES VACCINE BAITS (ONRAB) IN ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY, NEW YORK, USA

Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) campaigns have been conducted annually in the US over the past two decades to prevent raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies, which is enzootic along the eastern region of the country from southeastern Canada to Alabama. Because raccoon rabies has been eliminated from neighboring Canadian provinces, continued detection of the variant in the US is of concern due to the potential for infected raccoons to cross the border via the St. Lawrence River. Ontario Rabies Vaccine Baits (ONRAB) containing a live, recombinant human adenovirus expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein have been under experimental use in the US since 2011. We distributed ONRAB in St. Lawrence County, New York, from 2013 to 2015 as part of field trials to evaluate serologic responses in raccoons. Prior to ONRAB distribution, rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) seroprevalence in raccoons was 45.2% (183 of 405) and increased to 57.7% (165 of 286) after 3 yr of ONRAB baiting. Postbait RVNA seroprevalence increased each year, with a lower response observed in juvenile compared with adult raccoons. The pre-ONRAB seroprevalence detected in 2013 was relatively high and was likely impacted both by elevated rabies activity in the county and the use of ORV with a different vaccine bait for 14 consecutive years prior to our study. Tetracycline biomarker prevalence increased from 1.4% prior to ONRAB baiting to 51.3% from 2013 to 2015, demonstrating bait palatability to raccoons. These data complemented related field trials conducted in West Virginia and the northeastern US.
A Subgradient Algorithm for Solving K-Convex Inequalities

In this paper we discuss an algorithm for numerical solution of a system of K-convex inequalities $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {f(x){{\mathop < \limits_ = }_K}0} \\ {x \in C,} \end{array}$$ (1) where f: D ⊂ ℝn → ℝm, C is a nonempty closed convex set in ℝn, K is a nonempty closed convex cone in ℝm, and where we write y1 ≦ K y2 if y2 − y1 ∈ K. Under assumptions of convexity and regularity of f, we show that the algorithm converges, from an arbitrary starting point in C, to a solution of (1) at a rate which is at least linear. The algorithm requires the computation of a subgradient of (1) and the solution of a projection problem (a convex quadratic minimization problem) at each step. With additional differentiability assumptions on f, much faster convergence (e. g., quadratic) can be expected. The algorithm is an extension of a method proposed by Oettli [3], which in turn is related to earlier works such as those of Polyak [4] and Eremin [1], among others.
How do constraints on leaving a marriage affect behavior within the marriage

Like relationship satisfaction, constraints on leaving a relationship have been described as a component of global commitment. But do constraints increase or decrease efforts to maintain the relationship? To address this question, the authors of the current article describe 3 independent studies of spouses and married couples. Across all studies, wives who perceived more constraints on leaving the marriage exhibited lower levels of negative behavior only when their husbands were relatively unconstrained. In Study 3, this association was especially pronounced among less satisfied wives. In Study 2, spouses' perceived constraint also interacted to predict husbands' behavior, but in the opposite direction: Husbands who perceived more constraints behaved less negatively when their wives were similarly constrained but more negatively when their wives were less constrained. These results highlight differences in behavior between couples who persist in marriage because they desire to and those who endure because they have to, raising questions about measures of global commitment that obscure these distinctions. They also highlight the need for a dyadic perspective on the forces that keep relationships together.
Fundamental Electrochemical Behavior of Antimony in Alkaline Solution

Even though electroplating has been applied to extract antimony from the relevant mines, such as stibnite (Sb2S3) and valentinite (Sb2O3), there are still some unclear points which need to be clarified: in alkaline sulfide solution, S2− can help increase the solubility of Sb(III) ions. In the present study, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) tests were employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of antimony ions in KOH solution (20 wt%), and the results revealed that Sb(III) ions have much higher electrochemical activity than Sb(V) ions. However, Sb(V) ions are not completely inactive at the potential before H2 evolution reaction, as previous studies reported, and part of Sb(V) ions can be electroplated in the KOH solution. The contradictions between the present and previous studies are due to the impurity caused by Sb(III) ions, which are speculated to play a role in Sb(V) ion reduction. Ions such as As3+, Si4+, CO32−, Al3+, and Sn2+ show no interference on the electroplating of antimony. Other electrochemical and chemical behaviors are clarified in this study as well: (1) the Sb(III)/Sb(0) couple is more electrochemically reversible at the interface of antimony metal/KOH solution than that at the interface of a glass carbon/KOH solution; (2) in a sulfide alkaline solution system, S2− ions can coordinate with Sb(III) ions and lower the reduction potential of Sb(III) ions to antimony metal, thus leading to a lower current efficiency of antimony electroplating. The reducing reagents, including KI, K2SO3, and KBH4, can reduce Sb(V) ions to Sb(III) ions in an acid solution, but these chemical reduction reactions cannot happen in the KOH solution. These fundamental studies can provide knowledge on antimony refining from the relevant secondary resources.
Durability and Efficacy of Tricuspid Valve Repair in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine the durability of tricuspid valve repair (TVr) performed concurrently with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and its association with the development of late right heart failure (RHF). Background Surgical management of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) at the time of LVAD implantation is performed in an attempt to reduce the occurrence of postoperative RHF. Limited data exist regarding the durability of TVr in patients with LVAD as well as its impact on development of late RHF. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive adult patients who underwent durable LVAD implantation and concurrent TVr at the authors’ institution between 2009 and 2017. Late RHF was defined as readmission for HF requiring inotropic or diuretic therapy. TVr failure was defined as moderate or severe TR at any follow-up echocardiographic examination after LVAD implantation. Results A total of 156 patients underwent LVAD and concurrent TVr during the study. Of the total, 59 patients (37.8%) had a failed TVr. The mean duration of echocardiographic follow-up was 23 ± 22 months. Of the 146 patients who were discharged after the index hospitalization, 53 patients (36.3%) developed late RHF. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that TVr failure was an independent predictor of late RHF development (hazard ratio: 2.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.38 to 4.96; p = 0.003). Conclusions Failure of TVr in this cohort occurred at a significant rate. Failure of TVr is an independent risk factor for development of late RHF. Future studies should investigate strategies to reduce recurrence of significant TR.
Integrating meaning in life and self-determination theory to predict physical activity adoption in previously inactive exercise initiates enrolled in a randomized trial

Abstract Self-Determination Theory (SDT) suggests that individuals with greater basic psychological needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation are more likely to adopt physical activity (PA). However, few longitudinal studies have examined these processes in exercise initiates outside the context of a formalized intervention. Further, an implicit yet relatively unexplored tenet of SDT is that when behaviors are closely connected to what is meaningful to individuals, those behaviors are more likely to be maintained. This study had two aims: (a) to examine SDT and a sense of meaning in life (MIL) in relation to PA in previously inactive exercise initiates, and (b) to determine whether daily measurement of MIL, mood, and PA impacts PA engagement. Upon joining a fitness center, participants (N = 160; M age = 43.3 years; 77% female) were recruited for a longitudinal study of PA adoption. Participants were randomized to a daily measurement condition (self-monitoring) where they reported daily MIL, mood, and PA or to an attention control condition. All participants self-reported their PA, basic psychological needs satisfaction, behavioral exercise regulation, and MIL at baseline, 4-weeks, and 12-weeks after starting an exercise program. Longitudinal path models were used to examine the relationships among study variables. Cross-sectionally, SDT constructs were largely related to PA in the expected directions. After accounting for SDT processes, baseline MIL was associated with greater PA at 4-weeks (p = .028). There were no differences in PA, SDT constructs, or MIL between the measurement self-monitoring and control groups. MIL predicted PA adoption above and beyond SDT predictors in previously inactive adults. Combined SDT and MIL intervention approaches may enhance PA adoption, and further research should explore their roles in PA adoption and maintenance.
Data Driven Control with Learned Dynamics: Model-Based versus Model-Free Approach.

This paper compares two different types of data-driven control methods, representing model-based and model-free approaches. One is a recently proposed method - Deep Koopman Representation for Control (DKRC), which utilizes a deep neural network to map an unknown nonlinear dynamical system to a high-dimensional linear system, which allows for employing state-of-the-art control strategy. The other one is a classic model-free control method based on an actor-critic architecture - Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), which has been proved to be effective in various dynamical systems. The comparison is carried out in OpenAI Gym, which provides multiple control environments for benchmark purposes. Two examples are provided for comparison, i.e., classic Inverted Pendulum and Lunar Lander Continuous Control. From the results of the experiments, we compare these two methods in terms of control strategies and the effectiveness under various initialization conditions. We also examine the learned dynamic model from DKRC with the analytical model derived from the Euler-Lagrange Linearization method, which demonstrates the accuracy in the learned model for unknown dynamics from a data-driven sample-efficient approach.