cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Undoubtedly, adjusting our thermoregulatory behavior represents the most effective mechanism to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure survival in the diverse thermal environments that we face on this planet. Remarkably, our thermal behavior is entirely dependent on the ability to detect variations in our internal (i.e., body) and external environment, via sensing changes in skin temperature and wetness. In the past 30 years, we have seen a significant expansion of our understanding of the molecular, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow humans to sense temperature and humidity. The discovery of temperature-activated ion channels which gate the generation of action potentials in thermosensitive neurons, along with the characterization of the spino-thalamo-cortical thermosensory pathway, and the development of neural models for the perception of skin wetness, are only some of the recent advances which have provided incredible insights on how biophysical changes in skin temperature and wetness are transduced into those neural signals which constitute the physiological substrate of skin thermal and wetness sensations. Understanding how afferent thermal inputs are integrated and how these contribute to behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory responses under normal brain function is critical to determine how these mechanisms are disrupted in those neurological conditions, which see the concurrent presence of afferent thermosensory abnormalities and efferent thermoregulatory dysfunctions. Furthermore, advancing the knowledge on skin thermal and wetness sensations is crucial to support the development of neuroprosthetics. In light of the aforementioned text, this review will focus on the peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning skin thermal and wetness sensations in humans. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1279-1294, 2016.2016.
Topical antimicrobials in burn wound care: a recent history.

﻿"It is nearly 100 years since antisepsis came to dominate the treatment of burns. All that has been accomplished, as far as we can see from the data available, has been to offset the good that sound physiological and surgical principles and modern aseptic technique should have afforded."1 Carl A. Moyer, MD, 1954 ﻿﻿﻿.
A Comprehensive FPGA-Based Assessment on Fault-Resistant AES against Correlation Power Analysis Attack

The secret key used in a cryptosystem can be retrieved by physical attacks such as side-channel analysis (SCA) and fault analysis (FA) attacks. Traditionally, countermeasures for different physical attacks are developed in a separate fashion. To lay a solid foundation for countermeasure development for the emerging combined attacks, it is imperative to thoroughly study how the countermeasure for one attack affects the efficiency of other attack. In this work, we use a FPGA-based platform to investigate whether and how the FA countermeasure can influence the efficiency of the correlation power analysis (CPA) attack. Unlike the previous work using simulations on the S-Box only, our assessments are based on the FPGA emulation of the entire AES. In addition to considering different error detection codes, we compare the key retrieval speed of the CPA attack in the scenarios of using different power models, redundancy types for fault detection, modules under fault protection, and practical FPGA synthesis optimization. Furthermore, we propose a new countermeasure that integrates dynamic masking and error deflection to simultaneously thwart CPA and FA attacks. Experimental results show that for 100,000 power traces, our method successfully prevents the key leakage while other methods leak at least five AES subkey bytes. Meanwhile, our simulation also confirms that the proposed method reduces the success rate of FA attacks by up to 90 % over the other methods.
THE NUCLEIC ACIDS FOR ONCOMODULIN

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates about oncomodulin, which is a 108-residue oncodevelopmental calcium-binding protein found in extraembryonic rat and human developmental tissue, and in a wide variety of tumors but not in fetal or normal adult tissues. cDNA clones defined an oncomodulin message of ∼0.7 kb in length consisting of 5′ and 3′ untranslated segments of 97 nt and 259 nt respectively, and a 324 nt coding sequence. DNA and RNA probes prepared from the various oncomodulin cDNA clones do not cross-hybridize to parvalbumin mRNA or indeed to any of the messages coding for the other members of the calcium-binding protein family. Dot blot quantitation shows the amount of message present in these tumors to be directly proportional to the amount of protein present implying transcriptional control of oncomodulin concentration. Southern blots of restriction digests of normal adult rat liver DNA and DNA from a rat hepatoma probed with an oncomodulin mRNA coding sequence probe indicated that the oncomodulin gene is most likely single copy and not amplified or translocated in the hepatoma. Detection of the gene in diverse species with a mammalian probe points to a possible evolutionary conservation of oncomodulin.
Emerging uricosurics for gout

Decreased renal uric acid excretion is the dominant abnormality driving increased uric acid burden and hyperuricemia in gout [1]. Since gout prevalence has increased, especially so in developed cou...
Abstract 223: Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Mediated Macrophage Polarization Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Upregulation Post Myocardial Infarction

Background: Following a myocardial infarction (MI) the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes massive remodeling to prevent rupture and maintain cardiac output. Large increases in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are associated with adverse ECM remodeling. We found that treatment with an HDAC inhibitor repressed post-MI upregulation of MMP-9. Significant sources of MMP-9 in the post-MI LV are M1 macrophages. Both phenotypes (M1 and M2) can contribute to MMP expression, but this is dependant on the phase of ECM remodeling. We hypothesize that HDAC inhibition regulates the post-MI expression of MMP-9 by mediating the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. Methods: CD1 and MMP-9 β-gal reporter mice were induced with MI by LAD ligation then administered HDAC inhibitors: trichostatin A (TSA; class I and IIb), PD106 (class I), or Tubastatin A (HDAC 6) until termination at 5 or 7 days post-MI. Heart function evaluated by echocardiogram and cells or tissue by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results: The post-MI change in LV end-diastolic volume (49±9%) is significantly lower and ejection fraction (-44±8%) is improved with treatment of TSA vs. control (69±12%; -59±6%) respectively [n=28]. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that infiltrating macrophages express MMP-9 at 5 and 7 days post-MI. HDAC inhibition decreases this expression and did so without reducing presence of macrophages within infarct. Immunoblotting shows that expression of all class I HDACs are increased following MI; however, in cultured macrophages only HDAC2 and HDAC3 are increased. TSA and PD106, inhibit control levels and lipopolysacharide (LPS) stimulated upregulation of MMP-9 in cultured RAW264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages. Immunofluorescence revealed that treatment with PD106, Tub A, and TSA leads to M1 to M2 morphology specific polarization and maintenance of anti-inflammatory, M2, phenotype even with LPS stimulation in culture. However, only PD106 and TSA reduced MMP-9 expression in cultured macrophages. Conclusions: Macrophage mediated secretion of MMP-9 contributes to adverse ECM remodeling and loss of LV function post-MI. Class I HDAC inhibition promotes both M2 macrophage polarization and attenuates adverse remodeling by reducing MMP-9 expression.
Is Rapid Fertility Decline Possible? Lessons from Asia and Emerging Countries

Asia and Africa diverged in their demographic and economic profiles in the last half-century. Asia’s, especially East Asia’s, more rapid demographic transitions and economic growth are seen as the modern examples of a virtuous cycle of demographic change and economic development. General theories of fertility transition and the core lessons from Asia’s dual transformations suggest that further rapid fertility decline in Africa is very likely, as it has already begun in parts of the African continent. To achieve such further rapid decline in more countries, four key requirem ents need be met: further improvement in infant/child and maternal health, education expansion, the creation of employment opportunities, and state-sponsored family planning programs. All four factors help to explain the rapid fertility transition in Asia and are relevant to Africa. In comparison to East Asia, where national populations are much more homogeneous culturally and ethnically than in most African countries, Africa faces greater challenges in achieving these four core conditions in part because of its unique historical and institutional legacies.
Innovations in Collaborative Science: Advancing Citizen Science, Crowdsourcing and Participatory Modeling to Understand and Manage Marine Social–Ecological Systems

Abstract Including stakeholders in environmental monitoring and research has been an increasingly recognized necessity for understanding the complex nature of marine social–ecological systems (SES). Stakeholder engagement and participation is often an essential ingredient for successful conservation and management. As a result, new inclusive approaches to scientific research have emerged under a broad umbrella often referred to as “citizen science.” These are collaborative research efforts that include stakeholders in the scientific process and strive to in various ways (1) decrease uncertainty of the dynamics of marine SES through collaborative data collection; (2) harness the expertise and knowledge of stakeholders that rely on marine resources to better understand these systems; and (3) provide a venue for more inclusive forms of resource and ecosystem management decision-making. Although the literature on citizen science shows that it is a popular way to collaboratively understand and collaboratively make decisions about natural resources, to date there is little information about how citizen science can specifically support social–ecological research and participatory decision-making in marine systems. In this chapter, we provide an overview of how participatory approaches to citizen science have been applied in marine research. Further, we theorize about the role that emerging online technologies may play in the future for collaborative science, decision-making, and marine policy.
Abstract 5068: A novel dual action inhibitor of histone deacetylase and demethylase in melanoma

Epigenetic agents have drawn great attention as anti-cancer therapies, with several HDAC inhibitors approved for a subset of hematologic malignancies. One of the biggest challenges in targeting epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis is the wide spectrum of effects which restrict the therapeutic window for these compounds. We have developed a series of potent small molecule inhibitors with specificity towards the CoREST epigenetic corepressor complex through a dual-action mechanism targeting LSD1 and HDAC1. These compounds show a unique profile of pharmacologic action with an improved therapeutic window in a variety of cell types. Screening of tumor cell lines for growth inhibitory effects revealed variable efficacy in a broad spectrum of cancers with the most consistent and potent effects seen in human melanomas. The growth of a number of melanoma cell lines was found to be potently inhibited by one of these compounds, Corin 2; however, primary human melanocytes were relatively resistant to this agent. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Corin2 was a more potent inducer of tumor suppressor genes compared to the parent HDAC and LSD1 compounds. Genetic knockdown of CoREST or LSD1 in cancer cell lines abolished the differences in potency of Corin2 vs. the parent HDAC inhibitor, Entinostat, suggesting that Corin29s favorable pharmacologic effects rely on an intact CoREST complex. Corin2 was also effective in slowing tumor growth in a melanoma mouse xenograft model. These dual action inhibitors demonstrate a novel, potent, and specific therapeutic approach to targeting epigenetic pathways in human melanomas which may lead to improved therapeutic benefits in patients with advanced disease. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Muzhou WU, Jay Kalin, Byungwoo Ryu, Philip Cole, Rhoda Alani. A novel dual action inhibitor of histone deacetylase and demethylase in melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5068. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5068
Abstract 2492: DNA polymerase beta participates in DNA end-joining

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious lesions. If left unrepaired, DSBs lead to genomic instability and carcinogenesis. The cells combat DSBs by two classical pathways that include homologous recombination (HR) which requires the sister chromatid for sequence homology, and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), wherein the two DNA ends are re-joined. Recently a back-up NHEJ pathway has been reported and is referred non-canonical NHEJ which has been given many names, such as alternative NHEJ or microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). The enzymatic mechanisms of non-canonical NHEJ are not well defined. NHEJ requires processing enzymes including nucleases and polymerases, although the roles of these enzymes in the pathway are poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated a role for DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ), an A-family polymerase is essential for non-canonical NHEJ pathway. Emerging evidence indicates X-family polymerases, mammalian DNA polymerases lambda (λ) and mu (μ) and yeast Pol 4 promote DNA end-joining. Our laboratory has recently provided evidence for a role for DNA polymerase beta (Pol β), another X-family polymerase, in V(D)J recombination, a process that requires end-joining. Here, using a recently developed fluorescence based assay that monitors non-canonical NHEJ and HR, we provide evidence that Pol β plays a role in the non-canonical NHEJ process. DNA sequencing at the break point junctions revealed Pol β-depleted cells have fewer small deletions than control cells, but significantly greater numbers of insertions and large deletions. We further demonstrate that Pol β-depleted cells have increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents that induce double-strand breaks and that there is persistent accumulation of DSBs in these cells. In combination, our results suggest that Pol β is critical for double-strand break repair. Citation Format: Sreerupa Ray, Michelle DeVeaux, Gregory Breuer, Ranjit Bindra, Daniel Zelterman, Joann Sweasy. DNA polymerase beta participates in DNA end-joining [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2492. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2492
Paradoxic eczema in infants after heart transplantation.

New-onset psoriasis in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors is well recognized in children and adults. We describe three children who underwent cardiac transplantation and developed an analogous form of paradoxic eczema occurring 2-48 months after starting systemic tacrolimus, a drug widely used topically to treat eczema. Anecdotal reports and our experience suggest that tacrolimus taper with alternative systemic antirejection immunosuppressant may lead to skin clearance. Pending additional insight, treatment should include optimizing skin barrier function, minimizing microbial and allergic triggers, and coordinating care to choose the best-tolerated systemic immunosuppressant regimen at the lowest effective dose.
Chaotic-Enmeshment and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion

With anxiety becoming the most prevalent mental health issue among the college student population, it is important to understand the factors that are associated with symptomology. This study aims to expand the research on the interrelationship between family functioning, intrapsychic factors, and anxiety. Guided by the circumplex model of family systems, the current study explores the link between college student (N = 500) chaotically-enmeshed family functioning and anxiety, and whether psychological flexibility and self-compassion mediate this relationship. Multiple-sample latent structural equation modeling results revealed that higher levels of chaotically-enmeshed family functioning was significantly associated with lower levels of psychological flexibility and self-compassion levels, and that psychological flexibility and self-compassion mediated the relationship between chaotic-enmeshment and anxiety. Implications for family therapists who provide services to this population are discussed.
La gastronomía peregrina de Gabriel García Márquez

A lo largo de los Doce cuentos peregrinos, de Gabriel Garcia Marquez, se mencionan platillos de la cocina latinoamericana e internacional, asi como referencias a situaciones, personas y restaurantes relacionados con la gastronomia. Este articulo examina la peregrinacion gastronomica o paratopia de los personajes de estos cuentos. El desplazamiento tanto de los cuerpos como de la comida en el espacio y el tiempo plantea una posicion incomoda de la enunciacion por parte del escritor, asi como de los enunciados de los personajes. Por una parte, la funcion de la comida tiene como objetivo definir el caracter, el estatus social y la identidad cultural de los personajes y, por otra, establecer una poetica relacional en el espacio social en que se desenvuelven dichos personajes.
Hegel’s social ethics: religion, conflict, and rituals of reconciliation

One of the odd things about Hegel’s classic Phenomenology of Spirit is the wealth of disagreement about what the book itself is about. Molly Farneth claims to have an answer: It is about conflict a...
On the Margins: Experimental Philosophy and Mathematics in Britain, 1790–1830

Experimental philosophers in Britain developed their own forms of theoretical physics during the same period as the Germans. In broad outlines, the processes through which these transformations occurred were the same. Socially experimental philosophy became a profession rather than an avocation; passage into the research community narrowed from self-education to formal, certified educational levels within the universities of Britain. Access to entry into the research communities was consequently constrained by these formal, educational gateways. Training became the modern apprenticeship of graduated courses, problems sets, and textbooks along with laboratory courses. Access narrowed to the social institutions of science that had appeared as open and serving many cultural, economic, and social purposes in the late eighteenth century. Their memberships and purposes became limited to the professional, research oriented physicist. The institutions that had been intellectually universal and geographically local became narrowly specialized and geographically national.
Causes of Delayed Treatment of Stroke Patients Enrolled in t-PA Protocols

For thrombolytic therapy of acute stroke patients to be administered in a safe and efficacious manner, it would appear that such therapy has to be initiated very soon after stroke onset. Past studies of fibrinolytic agents in stroke have shown a high mortality and no efficacy when thrombolytic therapy was initiated more than 12 h after stroke onset [6, 8]. More recent studies have reported a reduced complication rate when thrombolytic therapy was begun within 1.5 to 8 h after stroke onset [4, 5]. One major factor in treating stroke patients rapidly is the undue delay between symptom onset and patient presentation. In the course of participating in two trials of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute stroke patients, we became aware of another source of delay in beginning therapy, namely, in-hospital delays. We have studied various post-stroke time epochs prior to the administration of rt-PA to determine the factors that delayed initiation of therapy.
Copper Complexation with the Mellitic Acid Series

The formation constants for copper complexes with the mellitic acid series, a series of aromatic carboxylic acids, were determined from potentiometric copper titrations. Formation constants were determined for copper complexation with hemimellitic acid, trimellitic acid, trimesic acid, pyromellitic acid, and mellitic acid at five pH values (3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 5.75, 6.75) for each organic acid. The ionic strength of the solutions was 0.1M and the temperature was 25°C for all titrations. Free copper-ion activity was monitored with an ion-specific electrode. Relevant complexation reactions and corresponding stability constants for description of the experimental data were determined by application of the nonlinear parameter optimization program FITEQL to the experimental data. Testing various possible complexes revealed that the simple 1:1 complexes of CuL and CuHL (where L represents the fully deprotonated organic ligand) could describe all of the data. The logarithms of the complex formation constants for the CuL species ranged from 2.67 for trimesic acid to 6.23 for mellitic acid, and for the CuHL species from 2.47 for trimellitic acid to 5.03 for mellitic acid. The logarithms of the extracted metal–organic ligand complex formation constants were found to correlate well with the logarithms of organic acid dissociation constants.
0.2-TW laser system at 1kHz.

We have developed a 1-kHz repetition-rate Ti:sapphire laser system that can simultaneously generate high peak and average powers of 0.2 TW and 4 W, respectively. The laser system generates 4-mJ energy pulses with a 20-fs pulse width. We eliminated thermal lensing in the system by cooling the Ti:sapphire crystal to 125 K. The output 20-fs pulses were fully characterized by use of the new technique of transient-grating frequency-resolved optical gating. We demonstrate experimentally that the pulse duration at the output is limited only by fifth-order dispersion.
Late Mesozoic gravity sliding and Oxfordian hydrocarbon reservoir potential of the northern Yucatan margin

Abstract The stratigraphy and structural evolution of the western Florida margin is much better understood than its northern Yucatan conjugate because previous hydrocarbon exploration has been more extensive on the Florida margin. In the deep-water northeastern GOM, the post-salt section records late Jurassic-Cretaceous gravity sliding of rafted blocks along a basinward-dipping layer of Callovian salt. This study uses approximately 31,000 line-km of 2D seismic data to describe a coeval area of widespread, gravity sliding along the less-studied, northern Yucatan margin. We define three structural domains based on their distinctive salt structures and associated deformation: 1) a region in the northeastern study area consists of relatively undeformed, late Jurassic-Cretaceous section underlain by 0–300 m-thick salt; 2) areas in the central and southwestern study area contain late Mesozoic gravity slides defined by 300–600 m-thick salt rollers and normal faults rooted onto a 1–4° basinward-dipping salt detachment; and 3) the distal margin of the western and central study area exhibits large salt diapirs up to 6 km tall that deform Quaternary stratigraphic units. In the central Yucatan study area containing late Mesozoic gravity slides, a stratigraphic unit equivalent to the productive Oxfordian Norphlet sandstone of the deep-water northeastern GOM is identified based on its similar seismic character. Reconstructing the extent of this Norphlet-equivalent unit along the Yucatan margin to its location during Oxfordian deposition places it adjacent to an extensive area of Norphlet sandstone mapped in the deep-water northeastern GOM by previous authors. Our reconstruction suggests a 48,000 km2 fairway of potential aeolian, late Jurassic reservoirs on the Yucatan and Campeche margins that includes productive reservoirs in the southeastern Bay of Campeche, which previous authors correlated with the Norphlet Formation.
Comment: Epilepsy surgery programs in resource-limited settings: When less is more.

In this issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice , Habibabadi et al.1 provide an overview of their experience establishing an epilepsy surgery program in Iran. Their approach has focused on surgical treatment of lesional, refractory epilepsy—primarily temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal lobe sclerosis
Myopathy in a 61-year-old Hispanic man

A 61-year-old Hispanic man presented to a county hospital for subacute progressive weakness, heliotrope rash and dysphagia. There was initial suspicion for dermatomyositis (DM) given the history; however, the physical exam was not consistent. An MRI followed by a muscle biopsy revealed necrotising autoimmune myositis and anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-coenzyme A-reductase antibody titers returned positive; the patient was diagnosed with necrotising autoimmune myositis. He was treated with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, which resulted in improvement in his weakness and functional status. This case represents a unique instance in which a cardinal feature of DM, the heliotrope rash, prompted an erroneous initial diagnosis. It highlights the necessity of developing abroad differential diagnosis and subsequent thorough investigation into patients presenting with suspected idiopathic immune-mediated myopathies.
Hybrid Queuing-Regression Model Application for Airspace Analysis

Estimating the impact of changes to regional airspace and airway design structure is complicated by many extrinsic factors, which often renders detailed simulation impractical. This study presents an innovative, data-driven combination of multivariate regression and discrete-event simulation that enables estimation of user benefits with a reasonable level of effort.Two airspace enhancements proposed by the Federal Aviation Administration along the east coast of the United States are evaluated to estimate their impact on air traffic efficiency. The implementation of East Coast High Altitude Performance Based Navigation Routes and a sector realignment in the Washington Air Route Traffic Control Center will reduce the need for traffic flow management initiatives to keep airspace congestion within manageable limits. This paper is a technical description of the modeling approach, method, and results.The study applies two complementary methodologies- an air traffic queuing model to assess the impact of critical feature changes where the airspace geometry is simple, and a series of regression models which isolates individual effects from empirical data that are confounded by many exogenous influences. Computational tools for understanding air traffic management as a queue or a network of queues are well established. Queuing models offer tight control over input parameters and provide desired output metrics. Regressions, on the other hand do not require modeling of each separate influence, as long as the variables under study explain enough of the system’s behavior that the residues can be described by normal distributions.The applied methods of estimating the user benefits of airspace improvements are effective, and much faster than full-scale regional simulations. The two halves of the model, regression and queueing, complement each other to produce a characteristic representation of operations under a variety of possible future airspace and procedural structures.
It's All Relative: Social Movements and Law.

In Rules for a Flat World , Hadfield focuses on law as created by and comprised of primarily centralized legal institutions. Current insights into law, however, highlight a complexity behind the social movements that cause disruption and lead to real legal change, which creates a new, broader definition of law. Taking Hadfield’s view that law needs to be understood and designed by economists, policymakers, entrepreneurs, business leaders and ordinary people, not just lawyers (Hadfield, 2017), a little further, this paper considers the complexity of social movements in combination with law as part of a more robust definition of law.
A High-Accuracy, Low-Order Thermal Model of SiC MOSFET Power Modules Extracted from Finite Element Analysis via Model Order Reduction

Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET power modules are being used for high power applications because of their superior thermal characteristics and high blocking voltage capabilities over traditional silicon power modules. This paper explores modeling the thermal process of a SiC MOSFET power module through a high-order finite element analysis (FEA) based thermal model and then reducing the order of the FEA thermal model using a Krylov subspace method. The low-order thermal model has a significantly reduced computation cost compared to the FEA model while preserving the accuracy of the model. The proposed method is applied to generate low-order thermal models for a SiC MOSFET, which are validated by computer simulations with respect to the FEA thermal model.
Calcification of tricuspid valve chordae tendineae on echocardiography and computed tomography

Abstract We present the appearance of chordae tendineae calcification on transthoracic echocardiography and ECG-gated cardiac computed tomography in a 75 year-old woman. While the etiology is unclear, the abnormality can be clearly delineated on a properly performed CT study. We also discuss modification of the cardiac CT protocol to optimize visualization of the tricuspid valve apparatus.
Subjet multiplicity in quark and gluon jets at D0

The authors measure the subjet multiplicity M in jets reconstructed with a successive combination type of jet algorithm (K{sub T}). They select jets with 55 < E{sub T} < 100 GeV and {vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar} < 0.5. They compare similar samples of jets at {radical}s = 1800 and 630 GeV. The HERWIG Monte Carlo simulation predicts that 59% of the jets are gluon jets at {radical}s = 1800 GeV, and 33% at {radical} s = 630 GeV. Using this information, they extract the subjet multiplicity in quark (M{sub q}) and gluon (M{sub g}) jets. They also measure the ratio R {equivalent_to} (M{sub g}){minus}1/(M{sub g}){minus}1 = 1.91 {+-} 0.04(stat){sub {minus}0.19}{sup +0.23} (sys).
Overcoming Perinatal Healthcare Disparity and Transport Program

PURPOSE: Inadequate access to care and geographic location remains the biggest factor that adds to the healthcare disparity in our state. 17 out of 55 counties have no birth facilities or prenatal care around their borders. Centers with limited number of births lack experience and resources in taking care of sick infants. To overcome such barriers, a connect-to-care via telemedicine was established as a pilot project in 14 perinatal care facilities in our state. Almost 1/3rd of infants admitted in our level IV NICU are …
Functional connectome reorganization relates to post-stroke motor recovery and structural disruption

Abstract Motor recovery following ischemic stroke is contingent on the ability of surviving brain networks to compensate for damaged tissue. In rodent models, sensory and motor cortical representations have been shown to remap onto intact tissue around the lesion site, but remapping to more distal sites (e.g. in the contralesional hemisphere) has also been observed. Resting state functional connectivity (FC) analysis has been employed to study compensatory network adaptations in humans, but mechanisms and time course of motor recovery are not well understood. Here, we examine longitudinal FC in 23 first-episode ischemic pontine stroke patients (34-74 years old; 8 female, 15 male) and utilize a graph matching approach to identify patterns of regional functional connectivity reorganization during recovery. We quantified functional reorganization between several intervals ranging from 1 week to 6 months following stroke, and demonstrated that the areas that undergo functional reorganization most frequently are in cerebellar/subcortical networks. Brain regions with more structural connectome disruption due to the stroke also had more functional remapping over time. Finally, we show that the amount of functional reorganization between time points is correlated with the extent of motor recovery observed between those time points in the early to late subacute phases, and, furthermore, individuals with greater baseline motor impairment demonstrate more extensive early subacute functional reorganization (from one to two weeks post-stroke) and this reorganization correlates with better motor recovery at 6 months. Taken together, these results suggest that our graph matching approach can quantify recovery-relevant, whole-brain functional connectivity network reorganization after stroke.
Impact of a preventive cardiology clinic focusing on lifestyle and nutrition counseling: A pilot analysis

Abstract Standard cardiology practice often defers preventive strategies to primary care providers. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive cardiology clinic focused on lifestyle and nutrition counseling combined with guideline-directed medical therapy on reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We queried the University of Florida-Health database for patients enrolled in the preventive cardiology clinic, and a general and interventional cardiology clinic from January 2016 to October 2019. Mean change in weight and blood cholesterol including LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were compared in the three clinics in the initial cohort and stratified into primary and secondary prevention. A propensity score-matched analysis was done to adjust for CVD risk factors and statin use. Among a cohort of 239 patients, enrollment in the preventive clinic (n = 99) was associated with greater weight loss at 6 months compared to other clinics (n = 140) (mean −1.7 vs +0.1 kg, p 0.007). Preventive clinic was also associated with greater mean reduction in LDL-C (−24.8 vs −7.1 mg/dl, p 0.021), TC (−29.3 vs −2.0, p 0.003) and TG (−19.7 vs +13.3, p 0.002) at both initial and last follow-up (median time 6 and 16 months). The association with reduction in TG was observed in both primary and secondary prevention, but reduction in LDL-C and TC was only significant in secondary prevention. In a propensity-matched linear regression analysis, preventive clinic was independently associated with LDL-C reduction (b −14.7, r −0.3, p 0.038). A preventive cardiology clinic focused on patient education can be effective in reducing CVD risk.
Rovibrational Averaging of Molecular Electronic Properties

The measured value of a molecular electronic property is a rovibrational average for a given v, J state or a thermal average. These electronic properties may exhibit measurable isotope effects and are found to be v, J-state-dependent and temperature dependent. Rovibrational effects are intimately related to both the molecular potential surface and the electronic property surface. When both surfaces are available it becomes possible to correct the observed values of the property for rovibrational effects and thereby to elicit the value of the property at the equilibrium geometry of the molecule, for comparison with the ab initio theoretical value. Alternatively, temperature coefficients and isotope shifts may be calculated from both theoretical surfaces, for direct comparison with experiment. In some favourable cases it is possible to obtain an empirical estimate of the sensitivity of the property to a change in geometry from a measurement of a temperature coefficient or an isotope effect. A review of the theory and its applications to the nuclear magnetic shielding, spin-rotation constant, nuclear hyperfine constant, electric field gradient, spin-spin coupling, dipole moment, magnetizability, electric dipole polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities reveals some interesting general trends.
Consumer choices of women in residential drug treatment: An analysis of risk and impulsivity

The relationship between risk taking, impulsivity, temporal discounting, and shopping choices in an onsite token-economy store was investigated with 10 women in a long-term residential drug-treatment center. Participants completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), Eysenck Impulsivity Scale, and a delay discounting task, which were then correlated with the mean amount spent on slow- and fast-moving consumer items for self, child, and household (cash-and-carry store items and catalog items). Of particular importance, purchases of slow- and fast-moving items for the child seemed to mirror one another, suggesting that these women are valuing their children's well-being (in terms of consumer goods) more highly than their own.
On the guaranteed throughput and efficiency of closed re-entrant lines

A closed network is said to be “guaranteed efficient” if the throughput converges under all non-idling policies to the capacity of the bottlenecks in the network, as the number of trapped customers increases to infinity. We obtain a necessary condition for guaranteed efficiency of closed re-entrant lines. For balanced two-station systems, this necessary condition is almost sufficient, differing from it only by the strictness of an inequality. This near characterization is obtained by studying a special type of virtual station called “alternating visit virtual station”. These special virtual stations allow us to relate the necessary condition to certain indices arising in heavy traffic studies using a Brownian network approximation, as well as to certain policies proposed as being extremal with respect to the asymptotic loss in the throughput. Using the near characterization of guaranteed efficiency we also answer the often pondered question of whether an open network or its closed counterpart has greater throughput – the answer is that neither can assure a greater guaranteed throughput.
Synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2,1-jk]carbazolesvia intermolecular [4+2] cycloaddition

4-, 4,5- and 4,6-Substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2,1-jk]carbazoles are synthesized regioselectively from carbazole by a novel, two step sequence.
Adult Bipolar Disorder is Continuous with Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

Considerable debate exists regarding the continuity of bipolar disorder (BD) in children and adolescents. Do affected children continue to have BD as adults? Are pediatric forms of BD distinct from adult forms of the disorder? Here, I argue that, in fact, strictly defined BD I and II in children and adolescents is continuous with adult BD. First, if we take developmental differences into account, children and adults share similar symptoms, since they are both diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Next, retrospective studies indicate that 50% to 66% of adults with BD had onset of their disorder before age 19 years. Early prospective data indicate that adolescents with BD progress to become young adults with BD. Further, family studies of pediatric BD probands find high rates of BD in adult relatives, and pediatric offspring of parents with BD have elevated rates of BD, compared with control subjects. Finally, biological characteristics of pediatric BD (such as treatment response, neurobiology, and genetics) are either shared with adults having BD or fit logically into developmental models of BD. Thus, while not conclusive, a preponderance of data support the hypothesis that pediatric BD is continuous with adult BD. Prospective studies incorporating phenomenological and biological assessment are needed to decisively address this issue.
Mechanical Behavior of HQ01, a ${\hbox{Nb}}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Accelerator-Quality Quadrupole Magnet for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade

HQ01 is a superconducting quadrupole magnet under development by the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) as a part of an R&D effort to demonstrate that Nb3Sn magnet technology is a viable option for a future luminosity upgrade of the LHC. The design is characterized by a 120 mm bore, a maximum gradient of 219 T/m at 1.9 K, and a support structure based on an aluminum shell pre-tensioned by water-pressurized bladders. The shell-based structure concept has already been successfully implemented in previous LARP quadrupole magnets. In HQ01, the structure incorporates additional features designed to provide full alignment between the support structure components and the coils. Specifically, the coil azimuthal alignment is achieved through outer layer pole keys which, by intercepting part of the force applied by bladders and shell, remain clamped to bolted aluminum collars from assembly to full excitation. A sequence of assemblies and cool-downs were executed with different keys sizes to characterize the alignment system and its impact on coil pre-load, at both room temperature and at 4.5 K. This paper reports on the mechanical behavior of the HQ01, by summarizing the strain gauge data and comparing them with FEM model predictions.
Trace Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Urbanized Area of Florida

Contamination of soils by a variety of pollutants in urbanized and rapidly urbanizing regions is an ongoing problem in the world. Our objective in this study was to determine the contamination levels of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban residential soils. Surface (0–15 cm) samples of soils were collected and analyzed from an urbanized region of Florida (Pinellas County: 725 km2, population: 921,482), for basic soil properties, trace metals, and PAHs. The pH of urban residential soils was between 5.4 and 8.0, the electrical conductivity ranged from 18 to 1170 μS cm−1 with an average value of 233 μS cm−1, and total organic carbon of soils varied widely from 1 to 88 g kg−1. Among the major elements determined in soils, contents of Mehlich 1 (M1) Ca were highest at 2330 mg kg−1 followed by M1–Mg (136 mg kg−1) and M1–Al (135 mg kg−1). Among the trace metals in soils, mean M1–Zn values were highest (18.6 mg kg−1) followed by M1–Fe (10 mg kg−1) and M1–Mn (8.6 mg kg−1). The content...
Defects in the COG complex and COG-related trafficking regulators affect neuronal Golgi function

The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an evolutionarily conserved hetero-octameric protein complex that has been proposed to organize vesicle tethering at the Golgi apparatus. Defects in seven of the eight COG subunits are linked to Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG)-type II, a family of rare diseases involving misregulation of protein glycosylation, alterations in Golgi structure, variations in retrograde trafficking through the Golgi and system-wide clinical pathologies. A troublesome aspect of these diseases are the neurological pathologies such as low IQ, microcephaly, and cerebellar atrophy. The essential function of the COG complex is dependent upon interactions with other components of trafficking machinery, such as Rab-GTPases and SNAREs. COG-interacting Rabs and SNAREs have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Defects in Golgi maintenance disrupts trafficking and processing of essential proteins, frequently associated with and contributing to compromised neuron function and human disease. Despite the recent advances in molecular neuroscience, the subcellular bases for most neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood. This article gives an overview of the potential contributions of the COG complex and its Rab and SNARE partners in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders.
Minimum Sample Size Estimation to Detect Gene-Environment Interaction in Case-Control Designs

As genetic markers become more available, case-control studies will be increasingly important in defining the role of genetic factors in disease causality. The authors estimate the minimum sample size needed to assure adequate statistical power to detect gene-environment interaction. One assumption is made: the prevalence of exposure is independent of marker genotypes among controls. Given the assumption, six parameters (three odds ratios, the prevalence of exposure, the proportion of those with the susceptible genotype, and the ratio of controls to cases) dictate the expected cell sizes in a 2 x 2 x 2 table contrasting genetic susceptibility, exposure, and disease. The three odds ratios reflect the association between disease and 1) exposure among non-susceptibles; 2) susceptible genotypes among nonexposed individuals; and 3) the gene-environment interaction itself, respectively. Given these parameters, the number of cases and controls needed to assure any particular Type I and Type II error rates can be estimated. Results presented here demonstrate that case-control designs can be used to detect gene-environment interaction when there is both a common exposure and a highly polymorphic marker of susceptibility.
Glucocorticoid Receptors and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Human Leukemia in Vivo and in Vitro

Clinical measurements quantitating glucocorticoid receptor sites in leukemic blasts may give useful prognostic information. In childhood ALL, where the most data is available, “high” receptor content in peripheral or marrow blasts correlated with likelihood of remission on therapy, longer durations of remission and better prognosis generally. In lymphomas and CLL as well, high receptor content correlated with likelihood of response to steroid therapy, though the number of studies is less. In AML the correlation with receptor site content is moot, and in other leukemias the reports are less complete.
Single channel properties of a volume sensitive anion channel: lessons from noise analysis.

Single channel properties of a volume sensitive anion channel: Lessons from noise analysis. Swelling activated anion channels have recently been recognized to play an important role in not only volume regulatory electrolyte movement, but also in organic osmolyte transport. A swelling-activated, outwardly rectifying anion channel termed VSOAC (volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channel) is a major pathway for swelling-induced loss of organic osmolytes and organic anions from mammalian cells. VSOAC has been described in numerous cell types. Until recently, however, the unitary conductance and gating kinetics of VSOAC were uncertain. Stationary noise analysis and single channel measurements have produced estimates for the unitary conductance of swelling-activated, outwardly rectifying anion channels that vary by > 15-fold. This review describes our current understanding of the single channel properties of VSOAC.
Current-driven plasma instabilities in parallel quantum-wire systems

A theory of current-driven plasma instability in a double-quantum-wire system is presented. It is shown that, if the wires carry steady currents in opposite directions, the quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) plasma waves propagating along the wires become unstable when the electron drift velocity falls between the phase velocities of the acoustic and optical plasma modes of the Coulomb-coupled quantum wires. Such an instability occurs at experimentally achievable drift velocities because of the softening of the plasma waves in 1D wires. The condition for plasma instability in a lateral double-quantum-wire superlattice is also determined.