cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of enhancement with differing phosphate types, concentrations, and pump rates, without sodium chloride, on beef biceps femoris instrumental color characteristics.

Enhancement of beef biceps femoris muscles (n = 45) with solutions comprising sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) at either 0.2% or 0.4% of product weight, with the exclusion of sodium chloride, was performed to observe the independent phosphate effects on instrumental color during simulated retail display. All solutions were injected into muscle samples at either 112% (12% pump) or 118% (18% pump) of raw product weight. All three phosphate types maintained higher (P 0.05) a* values as CNT after 3 d of display. Direct comparison of phosphate concentrations revealed no differences (P > 0.05) in a* values. Only steaks enhanced with TSPP were more vivid (P 0.05) oxymyoglobin proportions during display. Phosphate inclusion at 0.4% maintained higher (P < 0.05) oxymyoglobin proportions than 0.2% phosphate inclusion through 5 days-of-display. These results indicate that while 0.2% phosphate concentrations maintain lighter color, 0.4% concentrations can more effectively retain oxymyoglobin during display. Additionally, only steaks enhanced with TSPP were redder, more vivid, and had higher oxymyoglobin proportions than untreated steaks during the latter stages of display.
The Francis Bitter national magnet laboratory at MIT: An update

Abstract The high DC field facility of the FBNML marked its 30th year of operation in its present location. This year's group of users once again included more than 300 experimenters involved in ≈ 100 programs. They exploited the advantages provided by the greatest number (32) and models (17) of high field DC magnets available anywhere in the world - and all at no charge. Bitter magnets with five different bore diameters provide a wide range of tradeoffs between bore size and maximum field. There are also both vertical and horizontal bore perpendicular access magnets. The operating characteristics of all these types will be presented.
Different expression of placental pyruvate kinase in normal, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies.

Abstract Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are two diseases that affect pregnant women and their unborn children. These diseases cause low birth weight, pre-term delivery, and neurological and cardiovascular disorders in babies. Combined they account for 20% of preterm deliveries. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a metabolism enzyme found in developing embryonic and cancer tissues. Our objective is to determine the expression of PKM2 in human PE and IUGR compared to normal pregnancies. Understanding expression of PKM2 in PE and IUGR could help us to better understand the mechanisms and find treatments for PE and IUGR. Methods Human placental tissues were obtained for PKM2 determination and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and a pyruvate assay. Placental samples were homogenized and cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins were extracted for Western blot analysis. Results Preeclampsia samples had elevated levels of p-PKM2, p-ERK, and ERK in the cytoplasm. Beta-catenin and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) were also elevated in preeclampsia placenta samples. Discussion and conclusion We conclude that PKM2 is expressed in normal, PE and IUGR pregnancies. Also, that this expression is increased in the PE placenta at delivery. These results suggest placental metabolism through PKM2 could play a role in human preeclampsia.
Synthesis of tritium‐labelled cembrene‐A

The synthesis of [16-3H]-cembrene-A from unlabelled cembrene-A is achieved in four steps via selective hydroboration-oxidation of the isopropenyl double bond, borotritide reduction of the 16-aldehyde, and o-nitroselenoxide elimination to regenerate the labelled olefin. This sequence is of general utility in labelling polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons for metabolic studies. Cembrene-A is a putative intermediate in the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to the polycyclic trinervitane and kempane diterpenes of nasute termite soldiers.
Family Response to Adolescence, Youth and Alcohol

SUMMARY This review highlights three aspects of adolescent alcohol use and misuse that have ramifications for families: (a) adolescent disinhibition, (b) substance-specific parenting factors, and (c) non-substance-specific parenting factors. Although there are a great number of adolescent treatment models currently utilized across the country, this review focuses on three integrated family-based treatment models with proven efficacy: (a) Multisystemic Therapy (MST; Henggeler, Schoenwald, Borduin, Rawland, & Cunningham, 1998), (b) Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT; Szapocznik, Hervis, & Schwartz, 2003), and (c) Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT; Liddle, 2004; Center for Substance Abuse Treatment [CSAT], 2004). These family-based therapies focus on accurately assessing multiple influences and targeting effective intervention strategies designed to support changes throughout a number of systems that affect and serve to reinforce or support the adolescent's problem behaviors.
Use of object-oriented programming in a time series analysis system

We describe the use of object-oriented programming (OOP) in the design and implementation of TSA, a system for interactive time series and spectral analysis. We show how such features of OOP as inheritance, generic messages, and decomposition of the programming problem in terms of objects have contributed to our goal of providing an extensible data analysis system. We discuss the strengths and limitations of both OOP and the particular implementation we used (Flavors on a Symbolics Lisp Machine) for our particular problem.
Decision analysis model for hepatitis B prophylaxis one year after liver transplantation.

In patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation, hepatitis B recurrence rates have decreased significantly with the use of various methods for prophylaxis. At present, a combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and lamivudine is the standard of care, resulting in recurrence rates of 0% to 11%. Recent data suggest that the addition of adefovir to lamivudine is successful in treating patients with recurrent hepatitis B infection. A Markov model was used to compare costs and outcomes of 2 strategies for hepatitis B prophylaxis 1 year after transplantation. The first consisted of prophylaxis with lamivudine and adefovir (strategy 1), whereas the second consisted of intramuscular HBIG and lamivudine (strategy 2) with the addition of adefovir in patients who subsequently developed hepatitis B recurrence. Patients who failed with adefovir and lamivudine were then treated with tenofovir and entecavir. 16.8% of liver transplant recipients had hepatitis B recurrence after 10 years of treatment with lamivudine and HBIG. The medical costs for strategy 1 and strategy 2 after 10 years of therapy were $151,819 and $166,246, respectively, and this resulted in cost savings of $14,427. The decision analysis model began 1 year after liver transplantation. A 1-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the model was most sensitive to cost changes of adefovir and HBIG injections as well as variations in the hepatitis B virus recurrence rate. The model was robust to costs of lamivudine, laboratory costs, administrative fees, and office visit fees. Our decision analysis model resulted in marked savings in costs with strategy 1 (lamivudine and adefovir), providing pharmacoeconomic support for the use of this strategy as first-line therapy in hepatitis B prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients 1 year after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 15:413–420, 2009. © 2009 AASLD.
Function of delta opioid receptors in cultured cells.

The opiate receptor subtype with a high affinity for the endogenous opioids met5-enkephalin and leu5-enkephalin (δ receptor), has been demonstrated in murine neuroblastoma clones and their glioma hybrids to effect a number of biochemical events, upon agonist binding. These receptors are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase, and, recent evidence indicates, positively coupled to guanylate cyclase. As has been demonstrated for some other receptors which are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase, the δ receptor, upon chronic incubation with agonist, increases the basal and receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity compensatory to the inhibition seen with acute exposure (a state of tolerance and dependence); upon removal of agonist (withdrawal), the adenylate cyclase activity returns to normal. The δ receptor is regulated both in activity and number by the processes of desensitization and down-regulation; the maximum number of δ receptor sites is regulated with respect to cellular division. In the same fashion as a number of polypeptide receptors, the δ receptors undergo aggregation into clusters on the cellular membrane upon agonist binding, but, unlike other receptors, these clusters are not subsequently internalized; clustering of the δ receptors is not required for binding of agonist or for inhibition of receptor-activated adenylate cyclase activity. While an increase in the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the cellular membrane (generally resulting in an increase in fluidity of the membrane) results in a decrease in the maximum number of δ binding sites, differing evidence exists as to the effect this change has on the expression of δ receptor function. The integrity of membranous phospholipids is important for the function of the receptor, whereas the incorporation of extraneous cerebroside sulfate into the cellular membrane enhances the activity of the δ receptor in N18TG2 cells but not in N4TG1 cells. Upon chronic exposure to opiates or opioids, N4TG1 neuroblastoma and NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrids exhibit a reduction in synthesis of total gangliosides and membranous glycoproteins.
Reversible conformational change in herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B with fusion-from- without activity is triggered by mildly acidic pH

Background The pre-fusion form of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion protein gB undergoes pH-triggered conformational change in vitro and during viral entry (Dollery et al., J. Virol. 84:3759-3766, 2010). The antigenic structure of gB from the fusion-from-without (FFWO) strain of HSV-1, ANG path, resembles wild type gB that has undergone pH-triggered changes. Together, changes in the antigenic and oligomeric conformation of gB correlate with fusion activity. We tested whether the pre-fusion form of FFWO gB undergoes altered conformational change in response to low pH.
The Khepera robot and the kRobot class: a platform for introducing robotics in the undergraduate curriculum

We discuss a class interface for the Khepera robot that makes the robot an excellent platform for undergraduate robotics courses and robot-based lab exercises in other courses. The interface hides low-level robot-computer communication and permits the building of derived classes that encapsulate related base behaviors relevant for higher-order tasks.
MRI of trabecular bone using a decay due to diffusion in the internal field contrast imaging sequence

Purpose To characterize the DDIF (Decay due to Diffusion in the Internal Field) method using intact animal trabecular bone specimens of varying trabecular structure and porosity, under ex vivo conditions closely resembling in vivo physiological conditions. The DDIF method provides a diffusion contrast which is related to the surface-to-volume ratio of the porous structure of bones. DDIF has previously been used successfully to study marrow-free trabecular bone, but the DDIF contrast hitherto had not been tested in intact specimens containing marrow and surrounded by soft tissue.
Use of single-dose nevirapine for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: does development of resistance matter?

Nevirapine resistance has been detected in a considerable proportion of women after single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP) for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus–1 transmission. As a result, concern has been raised about the effectiveness of subsequent nevirapine-based treatment. Studies in Thailand, Botswana, and South Africa have assessed virologic treatment response after SD-NVP. These studies did not find any significant difference in virologic response for women who began treatment >6 months after SD-NVP exposure. Two studies found worse response rates in women when treatment was initiated within 6 months of SD-NVP exposure. Furthermore, 2 studies found no difference in human immunodeficiency virus transmission rates from mother to child after the receipt of SD-NVP in repeat pregnancies. These data support the use of SD-NVP as 1 option for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus–1 transmission in resource-limited settings, particularly in settings where more complex regimens are not yet available. Further research in the optimization of perinatal prevention regimens is needed.
Nonchaotic Nonlinear Motion Visualized in Complex Nanostructures by Stereographic 4D Electron Microscopy

Direct electron imaging with sufficient time resolution is a powerful tool for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) mechanical motion and resolving the four-dimensional (4D) trajectories of many different components of a nanomachine, e.g., a NEMS device. Here, we report a nanoscale nonchaotic motion of a nano- and microstructured NiTi shape memory alloy in 4D electron microscopy. A huge amplitude oscillatory mechanical motion following laser heating is observed repetitively, likened to a 3D motion of a conductor’s baton. By time-resolved 4D stereographic reconstruction of the motion, prominent vibrational frequencies (3.0, 3.8, 6.8, and 14.5 MHz) are fully characterized, showing evidence of nonlinear behavior. Moreover, it is found that a stress (fluence)−strain (displacement) profile shows nonlinear elasticity. The observed resonances of the nanostructure are reminiscent of classical molecular quasi-periodic behavior, but here both the amplitude and frequency of the motion are visualized using ultrafast electron microscopy.
Reaction kinetics of a crystalline hemoprotein: An effect of crystal structure on reactivity of ferrimyoglobin

The reaction kinetics of suspensions of crystalline ferrimyoglobin prepared from horse skeletal muscle have been compared with those of the dissolved protein. A second-order reaction of azide with the crystalline material is demonstrated. The second-order velocity constants at 24°C and pH 6·0 in 75% ammonium sulfate are found to be, respectively, 4 × 10 3 and 8·5 × 10 4 m −1 sec −1 , indicating a 21-fold slower reaction of the crystalline material. The reaction is pH-sensitive, as is the reaction of the dissolved protein. Two controls have been employed to ensure that the slower reaction is not due to a diffusion limitation in the crystals: first, crystals fractured by ultrasound are found to react at the same rate as larger crystals; second, the energy of activation for the reaction is found to be 18 kcal. It is possible that transitional conformation changes are restricted in the crystalline state and diminish the reactivity with azide.
Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography.

Background/ Purpose: To assess the potential of a new diagnostic technique called optical coherence tomography for imaging macular disease. Optical coherence tomography is a novel noninvasive, noncontact imaging modality which produces high depth resolution (10 μm cross-sectional tomographs of ocular tissue. It is analogous to ultrasound, except that optical rather than acoustic reflectivity is measured. Methods: Optical coherence tomography images of the macula were obtained in 51 eyes of 44 patients with selected macular diseases. Imaging is performed in a manner compatible with slit-lamp indirect biomicroscopy so that high-resolution optical tomography may be accomplished simultaneously with normal ophthalmic examination. The time-of-flight delay of light backscattered from different layers in the retina is determined using low-coherence interferometry. Cross-sectional tomographs of the retina profiling optical reflectivity versus distance into the tissue are obtained in 2.5 seconds and with a longitudinal resolution of 10 μm. Results: Correlation of fundus examination and fluorescein angiography with optical coherence tomography tomographs was demonstrated in 12 eyes with the following pathologies: full- and partial-thickness macular hole, epiretinal membrane, macular edema, intraretinal exudate, idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy, and detachments of the pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography is potentially a powerful tool for detecting and monitoring a variety of macular diseases, including macular edema, macular holes, and detachments of the neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium.
Theory of stark ladders in the optical absorption of solids

Abstract The observation of Stark ladders in the optical absorption of poor Ohmic conductors is explained within the scheme of the time dependent Houston functions. Essentially, we overcome the restriction, used exclusively until now, that the electric field is parallel to a reciprocal lattice vector.
An Application of Parametric Speaker Technology to Bus-pedestrian Collision Warning

The purpose of this research is to address the problem of frequent bus-pedestrian accidents in dense urban areas through the creation of an intelligent pedestrian warning system. The authors proposed system uses visual detection and parametric speaker technologies to provide a concise, focused beam of sound that reaches only the detected target while minimizing the amount of disruption and disturbance to neighboring areas. The authors believe that this solution will provide a minimally invasive, cost-effective method for avoiding bus-pedestrian collisions and substantially reducing the loss of life and property. In this paper, the authors first present a review and analysis of the relevant technologies and current implementations. Then, the authors provide a detailed overview of the system that the authors have developed, and discuss the tests and data collected. Finally, the authors conclude with a brief discussion of future engineering and cost considerations for implementation of this system in a practical setting.
Sleep Disorders in Children With Tourette Syndrome

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, nature, and impact of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome and to raise awareness about their possible inclusion as a Tourette syndrome comorbidity. Methods Using a prospective questionnaire, we interviewed 123 patients of age ≤21 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Tourette syndrome. Each completed questionnaire was then reviewed in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition , criteria for categorization to a form of sleep disorder. Results Of the 123 patients with Tourette syndrome, 75 (61%) had comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 48 (39%) had Tourette without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The sleep problems observed included problems in the nature of sleep, abnormal behaviors during sleep, and impact of sleep disturbances on quality of life. Within these cohorts, 31 (65%) of the 48 Tourette-only patients and 48 (64%) of the 75 Tourette + attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients could fit into some form of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition , coded sleep disorders. Of the 48 Tourette + attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients with sleep disorders, 36 (75%) had insomnia signs, which could be explained by the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and high stimulant use. However, 10 (32%) of the 31 Tourette-only patients with sleep disorders had insomnia irrespective of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or medication use. Conclusions Sleep problems are common in children with Tourette syndrome irrespective of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, justifying their inclusion as a comorbidity of Tourette syndrome.
Sintering of Zinc Oxide

Sintering studies have been conducted with single crystal spheres of zinc oxide in air at total pressures of 10−3 to 1.0 atm over the range 1050° to 1250°C. Quantitative observations were made on the rate of growth of a neck between the spheres. No change in the distance between the geometrical centers of the spheres was observed. An analysis of the kinetic data shows that sintering was predominantly achieved by distillation through the surrounding gas phase. At 1150° the rate of welding was inversely influenced by the total pressure when the latter was changed from 0.003 to 0.75 atm. No conclusion could be reached on the effect of the oxygen partial pressure at constant total pressure. A brief summary of the various sintering mechanisms of zinc oxide from 700° to 1250°C is presented.
Free-operant (Sidman) avoidance in reciprocally cross-fostered wild and domesticated rats

The offspring of field-trapped black rats and domesticated albino rats were reciprocally cross-fostered with a survival rate through weaning of 100%. When the rats were studied under free-operant (Sidman) avoidance at maturity, the performance of the albino rats was superior to that of the black rats at the same shock intensities. All of the rats learned to avoid, and the performance of the black rats was the most successful that has been reported under this procedure. Conspecific-raised rats of each species were superior to foster-raised conspecifics. As a whole, the conspecific-raised group was superior to the foster-raised group. This finding suggests that black rat and albino rat mothers behaved differentially toward their foster pups to the extent that performance was subsequently impaired in a complex learning situation. The albino rats received a higher percentage of shocks early in the session (warm-up) than the black rats, and foster rearing did not seem to affect this phenomenon.
Introducing cloud computing with a senior design project in undergraduate education of computer system and network administration

With the rapid growth of operational cloud computing systems and their user community, it is desirable to incorporate the management and administration of cloud computing into the curriculum of information technology (IT) education to meet the needs of the industry and its users. It is challenging to teach cloud computing in a regular IT course with hands-on activities due to various reasons including the lack of equipment and software to build a cloud. During the last two semesters, we had incorporated cloud computing into our curriculum of undergraduate education for computer systems and network administration through a senior design project. In this project, two clouds were built using commonly available equipment by integrating a number of open source software units. Through this project, the students learned the basic concepts and knowledge of cloud computing as well as related technologies. The students and faculty advisers gained valuable experience by deploying, configuring and integrating computing clouds, and this knowledge was conveyed to other students and faculty through monthly presentations and a final project presentation. In this paper, we will present these two clouds and discuss the experience gained from this project with the hope of being a reference for others in the IT education community.
Real time soft-partition-based weighted sum filtering with GPU acceleration

Recently image processing such as noise reduction, restoration, and super-resolution using the soft-partition-based weighted sum filters have shown state-of-the-art results. The partition-based weighted sum filters are spatially adaptive filtering techniques by combining vector quantization and linear finite impulse response filtering, which have been shown to achieve much better results than spatial-invariant filtering methods. However, they are computationally prohibitive for practical applications because of enormous computation involved in both filtering and training. Real-time filtering is impossible even for small image and window sizes. This paper presents fast implementations of the soft-partition-based weighted sum filtering by exploiting the massively parallel processing capabilities of a GPU within the CUDA framework. For the implementations, we focus on memory management and implementation strategies. The performance on various image and window sizes is measured and compared between the GPU-based and CPU-based implementations. The results show that the GPU-based implementations can significantly accelerate computations for the soft-partition-based weighted sum filtering, and make real-time image filtering possible.
Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite versus Incontinence Symptom Index and Sexual Health Inventory for Men to measure functional outcomes after prostatectomy.

Purpose: Evaluating quality of life outcomes following prostate cancer treatment is important because different treatments provide similar survival outcomes. A wide variety of quality of life surveys are used with an unknown correlation between domain specific and broad domain instruments. We compared the urinary and sexual outcome measures of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite, a broad domain instrument, to those of the Incontinence Symptom Index and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, which are domain specific instruments. Materials and Methods: A total of 640 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at our institution completed a combination of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite, Incontinence Symptom Index and Sexual Health Inventory for Men questionnaires. Matching functional domains were compared and correlation coefficients were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare specific information pertinent to recovery from prostatectomy. Results: Correlations between measures of incontinence were 0.26 to 0.84, while indicators of sexual function were 0.70 to 0.84. Subgroup analysis comparing measures of irritative symptoms demonstrated weaker correlations. Analysis in patients reporting no sexual activity also showed a significantly lower correlation of scores than that in patients reporting sexual activity. Conclusions: Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite scores generally demonstrate strong correlations with corresponding Incontinence Symptom Index and Sexual Health Inventory for Men scores, indicating similar measurements of information. Divergent correlations between irritative scores as well as scores in men who are not sexually active may indicate that the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite has more descriptive validity in this population. Wider use of a single broad domain instrument such as the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite to assess outcomes after prostate cancer treatment may improve clinical efficiency and allow comparative quality of life research across treatment types in the future.
Spectral Analysis of the Supreme Court

(2006). Spectral Analysis of the Supreme Court. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 340-346.
Shear heating and weakening of the margins of West Antarctic ice streams

Ice streams are fast flowing bands of ice separated from stagnant ridges by shear margins. The mechanisms controlling the location of the margins remain unclear. We use published ice deformation data and a simple one-dimensional thermal model to show that West Antarctic ice stream margins have temperate ice over a substantial fraction of their thickness, a condition that may control their width. The model predicts a triple-valued relation between the thickness-averaged lateral shear stress and the lateral shear strain rate. Observed strain rates at the margins imply that they support slightly less lateral shear stress than adjacent ice within the stream. This requires enhanced basal resistance near the margin. We suggest, in agreement with the limited observations, the presence of a channelized drainage system at the margin that reduces the pore fluid pressure at the ice-till interface, thus increasing the shear stress acting on the yielding Coulomb plastic bed.
Studies of proton-irradiated SO2 at low temperatures implications for Io

The infrared absorption spectrum from 3.3 to 27 microns of SO2 ice films has been measured at 20 and 88 K before and after 1-MeV proton irradiation. The radiation flux was chosen to simulate the estimated flux of Jovian magnetospheric 1-MeV protons incident on Io. After irradiation, SO3 is identified as the dominant molecule synthesized in the SO2 ice. This is also the case after irradiation of composite samples of SO2 with sulfur or disulfites. Darkening was observed in irradiated SO2 ice and in irradiated S8 pellets. Photometric and spectral measurements of the thermoluminescence of irradiated SO2 have been made during warming. The spectrum appears as a broad band with a maximum at 4450 A. Analysis of the luminescence data suggests that at Ionian temperatures irradiated SO2 ice would not be a dominant contributor to posteclipse brightening phenomena. After warming to room temperature, a form of SO3 remains along with a sulfate and S8. Based on these experiments, it is reasonable to propose that small amounts of SO3 may exist on the surface of Io as a result of irradiation synthesis in SO2 frosts.
Benchmarking quantum mechanical calculations with experimental NMR chemical shifts of 2-HADNT

In this study, both GIAO-DFT and GIAO-MP2 calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were benchmarked with experimental chemical shifts. The experimental chemical shifts were determined experimentally for carbon-13 (C-13) of seven carbon atoms for the TNT degradation product 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-HADNT). Quantum mechanics GIAO calculations were implemented using Becke-3-Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) and other six hybrid DFT methods (Becke-1-Lee–Yang– Parr (B1LYP), Becke-half-and-half-Lee–Yang–Parr (BH and HLYP), Cohen–Handy-3-Lee–Yang–Parr (O3LYP), Coulomb-attenuating-B3LYP (CAM-B3LYP), modified-Perdew–Wang-91-Lee–Yang–Parr (mPW1LYP), and Xu-3-Lee–Yang–Parr (X3LYP)) which use the same correlation functional LYP. Calculation results showed that the GIAO-MP2 method gives the most accurate chemical shift values, and O3LYP method provides the best prediction of chemical shifts among the B3LYP and other five DFT methods. Three types of atomic partial charges, Mulliken (MK), electrostatic potential (ESP), and natural bond orbital (NBO), were also calculated using MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ method. A reasonable correlation was discovered between NBO partial charges and experimental chemical shifts of carbon-13 (C-13).
Creation of geo-referenced mosaics from MAV video and telemetry using constrained optimization bundle adjustment

Miniature Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) are quickly gaining acceptance as a platform for performing remote sensing. However, because MAVs are flown close to the ground (300 meters or less in altitude), their field of view for any one image is relatively small. In addition, the context of the video (where and at what orientation are the objects being observed, the relationship between images) is unclear from any one image. To overcome these problems, we propose a geo-referenced mo-saicing method that creates a mosaic from the captured images and geo-references the mosaic using information from the MAV IMU/GPS unit. Our method utilizes bundle adjustment within a constrained optimization framework. Using real MAV video, we have demonstrated our mosaic creation process on over 700 frames. Our method has been shown to produce the high quality mosaics to within 7m using tightly synchronized MAV telemetry data and to within 30m using only GPS information (i.e. no roll and pitch information).
Are there altered antibody responses to measles, mumps, or rubella viruses in autism?

The role that virus infections play in autism is not known. Others have reported that antibodies against measles virus are higher in the sera/plasma of children with autism versus controls. The authors investigated antibody titers to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses and diphtheria toxoid in children with autism, both classic onset (33) and regressive onset (26) forms, controls (25, healthy age- and gender-matched) and individuals with Tourette’s syndrome (24) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. No significant differences in antibody titers to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses and diphtheria toxoid were found among the four groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the four groups for total immunoglobulin (Ig)G or IgM. Interestingly, the authors did find a significant number (15/59) of autism subjects (classic and regressive onset combined) who had a very low or no antibody titer against rubella virus, compared to a combine control/Tourette’s group (2/49).
The Gender of Terror: War as (Im) Moral Institution in Kleist's Hermannsschlacht and Penthesilea

This article argues that the notion of warfare as a sublime endeavor does not originate in WWI literature but dates back to the eighteenth century. Alongside the debate on eternal peace, there existed a lively discourse, evidenced in texts by Wilhelm von Humboldt, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schlegel and others, that considered war a moral and culturally productive institution and lavished praise on its ennobling features. Secondly, the article suggests that Kleist's Hermannsschlacht and Penthesilea contain a critique of such recuperative war discourses. In Kleist's texts, the concept of terror emerges as the dark “Other” of the nexus of war and the sublime. Similarly, representations of savagery and inhuman cruelty are employed to deconstruct the notion of war as a rational, political act. Finally, the article claims that, in spite of these insights, Kleist's texts cannot be read as pacifist manifestos since the critique of war is undercut and confounded by the representation of gender.
Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and protein values in normal rabbits

In 35 normal rabbits the cerebrospinal fluid glucose values ranged between 56 and 135 mg/dl, mean and standard deviation 78 ± 13 mg/dl. Cerebrospinal total protein values ranged from 16 to 66 mg/dl, mean and standard deviation 33 ± 10 mg/dl. The mean values were similar to those reported for human cerebrospinal fluid. Depression of the cerebrospinal glucose level in the rabbit may parallel the human situation and prove to be a useful marker of purulent inflammation.
Quantum relativistic oscillator. Modifying the Hamiltonian formalism of the relativistic string

A new internal position operator ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$=-${d}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and a new internal momentum operator ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ are defined using an analog of constraint Hamiltonian mechanics. The new position and momentum do not fulfill the usual relativistic Heisenberg commutation relations and both have noncommuting components, but in the nonrelativistic limit they contract into the usual three-dimensional position and momentum. The new momentum ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is connected with an infinite-dimensional generalization ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ of the Dirac matrices, which together with the intrinsic angular momentum ${S}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ form an SO(3,2) algebra. A representation of this algebra provides the spectrum of hadron resonances, if hadrons are considered as collective vibrational and rotational excitations. A preliminary comparison between the predictions of this model and the experimental data leads to encouraging results.
A design technique to reduce hot carrier effect

In order to reduce the hot carrier (HC) effect, some specific design techniques need to be developed and applied to the circuit design. In this paper, HC induced MOSFET parameter degradations are investigated experimentally, and different low noise amplifier (LNA) architectures are evaluated in terms of HC induced performance degradations. A generalized design technique is proposed to reduce HC effect on circuits.
Perioperative blood glucose monitoring in the general surgical population.

Several studies have shown a relationship between poor outcome and uncontrolled blood glucose (BG) in cardiac, neurosurgical, critical care, and general surgical patients. A major study showed that tight glycemic control (80–110mg/dl) was related to increased mortality. Based on evidence from controlled studies, the American Diabetes Association, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, maintaining intraoperative BG levels in the 140–180 mg/dl range seems appropriate. Optimization of the patient’s preoperative medications and the use of insulin infusions, as well as surgical and anesthetic technique, are important factors for achieving desirable perioperative BG control. Minimizing BG variability during surgery should be part of the glycemic control strategy. Advances in real-time glucose monitoring may soon benefit hospitalized diabetes and nondiabetes patients.
Geschlechterunterschiede im Allgemeinwissen – die Folge geschlechtsspezifischer Berufsinteressen?

Welchen Einfluss haben Berufsinteressen auf den Wissensstand in verschiedenen Themengebieten? Konnen geschlechtsspezifische Interessen die gefundenen Geschlechterunterschiede im Testresultat erklaren? Diesen Fragestellungen geht der vorliegende Beitrag nach. Besonders wichtig erscheint es zu klaren, warum mannliche und weibliche Studierende im Studentenpisa-Test unterschiedliche Resultate erzielt haben. Denn weil viele Tests (z. B. bei der Vergabe von Studienplatzen oder Stipendien) eine Wissenskomponente enthalten, wurden systematische Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern die Chancengleichheit der Bewerber gefahrden. Die statistische Auswertung der Daten zeigt, dass die Berufsinteressen der Studierenden rund zehn Prozent der individuellen Wissenstest-Ergebnisse erklaren konnen. Anders gesagt: Menschen erwerben verstarkt Wissen in den Bereichen, die sie interessieren und die einen Bezug zur individuellen Berufslaufbahn haben. Die gefundenen Geschlechterunterschiede in den Testergebnissen konnen jedoch nicht auf die Berufsinteressen der Teilnehmer zuruckgefuhrt werden. Weitere Nachforschungen sind erforderlich, um die Ursache dieser Geschlechterunterschiede zu ermitteln.
Geometry of the trilogarithm and the motivic Lie algebra of a field

We express explicitly the Aomoto trilogarithm by classical trilogarithms and investigate the algebro-geometric structures lying behind it: different realizations of the weight three motivic complexes. Applying these results, we describe the motivic structure of the Grassmannian tetralogarithm function and determine the structure of the motivic Lie coalgebra in degrees ≤ 4. Using this we give an explicit construction of the Bore1 regulator map $$r4\;:{K_7}\left( \mathbb{C} \right) \to \mathbb{R}$$
Spin state tuning of non-heme iron-catalyzed hydrocarbon oxidations: participation of FeIII–OOH and FeVO intermediates

We have found a family of non-heme iron complexes [FeII(L)(CH3CN)2] (L = tetradentate pyridine containing ligand) with cis labile sites that catalyze highly stereoselective hydrocarbon oxidations using H2O2 as oxidant. The hydrocarbon oxidation reactivity patterns of this family of catalysts divide them into two subgroups: Category A catalysts which carry out highly stereoselective alkane hydroxylation, olefin epoxidation, and olefin cis-dihydroxylation via low-spin FeIII–OOH, FeVO intermediates and Category B catalysts which form high-spin FeIII–OOH intermediates and strongly favor olefin cis-dihydroxylation in which both diol oxygen atoms derive from H2O2. 6-Methyl substituents on the ligands play an important role in tuning the spin states of the iron centers to afford a family of non-heme iron complexes that catalyze a remarkable array of hydrocarbon oxidation reactions.
Effect of viscosity on the electrical properties of conducting thermoplastic composites made by compression molding of a powder mixture

The viscosity of thermoplastics above T g was found to greatly affect the room temperature electrical properties of conducting thermoplastic composites made by compression molding of a powder mixture, while the mechanical properties are essentially not affected. The electrical resistivity decreased and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness increased with increasing viscosity, as shown by using (i) the same filler, namely nickel particles, in polyimidesiloxane and polyether sulfone, and (ii) the same filler and matrix at different composite molding temperatures. This effect is attributed to the flow of the low viscosity thermoplastic particles during composite fabrication tending to disturb the connectivity of the filler particles achieved prior to heating
The AGS New Fast Extraction System and the Single Bunch Extraction Test

For the neutrino physics program and for the CBA injection, a new fast extraction system has been implemented to improve the extraction efficiency and the quality of the extracted beam. Central to the new system is a new fast kicker, placed at the H5 straight section, capable of rising between bunches, tr < 170 nsec, and staying constant for 2.6 ?sec with flat top ripple less than ± 1.5%. So rar, the system has been operated for longer than 3000 hours and routinely extracts 1013 ppp at 99% efficiency. Experiment 745 on QCD test requires a single AGS bunch of 40 nsec. For this purpose another fast kicker was placed at the E5 straight section and powered by a new pulser to produce a half sinusoidal pulse with both a rise and fall time of 200 nsec. A single AGS bunch was extracted through the slow beam channel at 22 GeV/c leaving the remaining 11 bunches undisturbed which continued to be accelerated to 29.4 GeV/c and extracted by the H5 kicker through the fast beam channel. Because the ring circumference ratio of CBA to the AGS is 4-3/4, some of the injected beam from the AGS has to contain 11 bunches instead of 12; consequently, this single bunch extraction mode will also be used for CBA injection.
Remanent Magnetization of a 50 m Core from the Moenkopi Formation, Western Colorado

Summary The NRM of 1117 specimens cut from a core taken from a 49·7 m inclined bore in the Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation revealed one normal and two reversed magnetic zones. Samples were oriented using the ellipticity of the bedding plane sections cut by the core. The NRM directions of samples from the core are better clustered than those previously measured in surface samples from the same stratigraphic interval. This suggests that much of the scatter observed in the surface samples was due to surface effects, such as weathering. The estimate of the concentration parameter, K, increases with decreasing grain size. Storage tests showed that specimens with low intensities (lower than 0·2 × 10−5 emu cm−3) are generally the most unstable. This is considered to be due to larger viscous moments in these specimens, possibly associated with superparamagnetic components. Thermal demagnetization resulted in a change in the mean field direction for each polarity zone of less than 5° accompanied by a slight decrease in the dispersion.
Lack of coupling between adrenal cortical metabolic activity and blood flow in anesthetized dogs

To determine whether adrenal O2 consumption and cortical blood flow (CBF) increase during stimulation of cortical secretory activity, exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was infused at 0, 2, and 10 ng.kg-1.min-1 (groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) into dexamethasone-pretreated, pentobarbital-fentanyl-anesthetized, ventilated dogs. ACTH levels of approximately 20, 100, and 500 pg/ml were obtained in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Cortisol secretion increased after 20 min in groups 2 and 3 (from 0.016 +/- 0.004 to 2.25 +/- 1.36 and from 0.02 +/- 0.01 to 5.32 +/- 1.23 microgram.min-1.g cortex-1, respectively) while adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) secretion increased after 20 min only in group 3 (from 5.7 +/- 2.8 to 61.3 +/- 18.6 micrograms.min-1.g cortex-1). Whole adrenal gland O2 consumption increased after 20 min in group 3 animals (from 0.89 +/- 0.16 to 1.77 +/- 0.27 ml O2.min-1.100 g tissue-1) but not in the other two groups. CBF measured with radiolabeled microspheres was unaffected by ACTH infusion while O2 extraction increased from a baseline of 5.9 +/- 1.4 to 13.0 +/- 2.4% after 30 min in group 3. These data demonstrate that in anesthetized dogs increases in adrenal cortical secretory activity are associated with increases in O2 consumption, and this increase in O2 consumption is met by increasing O2 extraction, not by increasing cortical blood flow.
Reconstructing the Constitutional Case against Mandatory Welfare Home Visits

The unconstitutional conditions doctrine holds that government may not condition benefits on the surrender of individual constitutional rights. But since the U.S. Supreme Court's 1971 decision, Wyman v. James, courts have upheld increasingly aggressive, intrusive, and investigative mandatory welfare home visits against Fourth Amendment challenges. This article argues that the essential nexus test offers an appealing alternative to advocates challenging mandatory welfare home visits under the unconstitutional conditions doctrine. This test came from a pair of cases holding that a local government violates the Fifth Amendment takings clause (and thus the unconstitutional conditions doctrine) when it requires a property owner to provide a public easement in exchange for a building permit. But while the essential nexus test grows out of the takings clause, it is not restricted to it. Indeed, the test appears to provide a minimal standard for any unconstitutional conditions claim. Thus advocates may entirely recalibrate their challenges against mandatory welfare home visits, focusing on the mere lack of "essential nexus" between the visit and the goals of the welfare program, and avoiding the nearly insurmountable Fourth Amendment claim.
Adaptation and Mobility in Wireless Information Systems: After 20 Years

About 20 years ago, I wrote "Adaptation and Mobility in Wireless Information Systems" for the very first issue of the IEEE Personal Communications Magazine [1]. From today's perspective, with our experience of smartphones, pervasive Wi-Fi and LTE wireless Internet access, and "video to your palm," it is difficult to conceive of the primitive state of wireless and mobile systems of that time.
The Relation Between Norm Accessibility, Pornography Use, and Parental Mediation Among Emerging Adults

Widespread access to and use of pornography has led to concern about the potentially negative effects of exposure to pornography on emerging adults—its largest user group. Past research shows that salient social norms can influence subsequent behavior. This study, therefore, explored the relationship between salient pornography-related norms and pornography use among emerging adults, as well as the relationship between parental mediation of pornography during adolescence and emerging adults’ salient pornography-related norms. Results revealed that emerging adults are more likely to view pornography when they hold a salient belief (norm) that their peers both approve of viewing and regularly view pornography. The study also found that parents’ provision of rules about viewing pornography during adolescence may reduce future pornography use by instilling the salient belief that the parent disapproves of viewing pornography. These findings suggest that the effect of rules in the home about adolescents’ use o...