cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF LONGSHORE BARS IN THE GREAT LAKES

Longshore bars are permanent features of nearshore bathymetry along the windward coasts of the Great Lakes The stability and permanency of these features have been noted by numerous investigators, but movements of the bars and troughs vn relation to varying lake levels and incident wave energies are not fully understood Studies of nearshore bathymetry and sediment properties were conducted during 1967 and 1969 along a forty-five kilometer reach of the eastern coast of Lake Michigan Results show that the offshore bars migrate significantly due to changes in lake level, a rise of one-half meter in the surface of Lake Michigan between 1967 and 1969 was accompanied by a shoreward movement of bar crests and troughs over a distance averaging SO meters Elevations of the crests and troughs are also built upward toward new equiblibrium levels during rising water levels, but elevating of the crests lags the increase in stage Extensive shore erosion occurs because of the reduced effectiveness of longshore bars in dissipating incident wave energy The average crest depth was found to increase linearly in the offshore direction Average distances between crests increase exponentially These relationships are preserved during the bar growth and shifting that accompanies long term changes in lake level Bar troughs are characteristically crescent shaped, with no abrupt changes in slope Fathograms from several ranges show atypical trough configurations consisting of flat bottoms with discontinuities in slope on ascent to adoacent crests This unusual trough shape is indicative of an immobile stratum exposed along the bottom of the trough.
The Effects of Peer Tutoring on the Aural Skills Performance of Undergraduate Music Majors

As workloads of faculty and staff increase in higher education, it seems important for new learning opportunities to be devised to improve individual progress through basic musicianship courses. Ma...
YIG-tuned Band-stop Filter With Ultra Wideband of 2-28GHz

The superposition of semilumped parameter loop coupling circuit equivalent to a low-pass filter with high cut-off frequency for straight-through transimission,YIG sphere under applied magnetic field equivalent to a variable L-C tuned circuit and low-pass filter makes a band-stop filter with adjustable stop-band center frequency.Experiment was carried out on the 2-18GHz YIG-tuned band-stop filter with 16-stage equal components sturcture,and the filter has practical performance of straight-through loss of less than 2dB,stop-band height of higher than 40dB and 40dB stop-band width of higher than 8MHz.
ACTIVE MONITORING USING REAL-TIME METRIC LINEAR TEMPORAL LOGIC SPECIFICATIONS

Monitoring temporal relationships among events in event streams has wide scale applicability in health information systems. From detecting violations of privacy policies in message sequences to diagnosing conditions in physiological data streams real-time event monitoring of temporal invariants is becoming an important tool for system design. We developed an Active Real-Time Event Monitoring and Integration System (ARTEMIS) capable of integrating event streams and monitoring the existence of temporal invariants among events expressed in a safety fragment of metric first-order temporal logic (MFOTL). The paper discusses the mathematical foundations of the monitor, and demonstrates the application concepts in a physiological alarm generator and clinical information workflow system.
Compartmental Analysis of Drug Distribution

Drug distribution can be defined as the postabsorptive transfer of drug from one location in the body to another. Absorption after various routes of drug administration is not considered part of the distribution process and is dealt with separately. In most cases, the process of drug distribution is symmetrically reversible and requires no input of energy. However, there is increasing awareness that receptor-mediated endocytosis and carrier-mediated active transport also play important roles in either increasing or limiting the extent of drug distribution.
An Overview of Dark Matter

Dark matter (DM), the existence of which was observed through the gravitational effects in large astrophysical systems, is one of the greatest mysteries in physics today. In the Standard Model discussed in Chap. 2, there is no viable dark matter candidate. This chapter is devoted to give an overview of what we know so far of dark matter, and the theoretical and experimental efforts underway to find out more about this elusive matter that makes up more than a quarter of the mass–energy of our universe.
Introduction: multicultural education and micro-cultural youth

AbstractMulticultural education’s pedagogies and perspectives work to increase equity and achievement for all students. This article suggests, however, that more emphasis be placed on the unique affinities and contingencies that constitute the identities of each individual, particularly beyond broad, relatively static categories of identification like race or ethnicity. A concept of micro-cultures is proposed to understand the personal-cultural practices and positionality of contemporary youth and adults in more complex and nuanced ways.
The Development of L2 Reading Skills: A Case Study from an Eight-Week Intensive English Program Course

The present study explores the development of L2 reading skills over the course of an immersive eight-week session in an intensive English program. Data was collected from an intermediate- level reading skills class (N=16) at multiple points throughout the course to measure growth in vocabulary knowledge, lexical inferencing abilities, reading speed, reading comprehension, and attitudes towards reading. Subjects also submitted a weekly log of minutes read at home. During the short two-month period, significant growth was observed in a number of reading skills. Moreover, total number of minutes read independently by each student was associated with growth across several reading skills, as tested by Pearson correlations. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for language teaching and language program curriculum.
A New Subcritical Nanostructure of Graphene—Crinkle-Ruga Structure and Its Novel Properties

Here, we report an experimental characterization of a new subcritical graphene nanostructure termed a crinkle ruga. Multilayer graphene forms crinkles as a periodic mode of buckling if the ratio of periodic buckling span to thickness is smaller than a critical value. Otherwise, it forms wrinkles. The crinkles have sawtooth-shaped profiles with their faces perfectly flat and the tips of the peaks and valleys highly curved. Our AFM measurements show that the width of the curvature focusing band at the tip is very narrow, e.g. smaller than 16 nm for a 6o crinkle, indicating a strong influence of flexoelectric coupling in crinkle formation. We also found that concavity or convexity of crinkle tips, i.e. parity of the crinkle, can be controlled. Due to the flexoelectric coupling, the concave tip at the crinkle valley is positively charged, and the convex tip at the crinkle peak negatively charged. In addition, here, we demonstrate that the charges at the crinkle tips can attract macromolecules in adsorption experiments. We show linearly-aligned adsorption of C60 along crinkle valleys on an HOPG surface. In another experiment, we exhibit period-doubled adsorption of lambda DNA on an HOPG surface, possibly caused by ion kinetics involved in the DNA adsorption along the crinkle valleys.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Muscle–Bone Interactions when Bi-directionally Compromised

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder of skeletal fragility and more recently muscle weakness. This review highlights our current knowledge of the impact of compromised OI muscle function on muscle–bone interactions and skeletal strength in OI. The ramifications of inherent muscle weakness in OI muscle–bone interactions are just beginning to be elucidated. Studies in patients and in OI mouse models implicate altered mechanosensing, energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and paracrine/endocrine crosstalk in the pathogenesis of OI. Compromised muscle–bone unit impacts mechanosensing and the ability of OI muscle and bone to respond to physiotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment strategies. Muscle and bone are both compromised in OI, making it essential to understand the mechanisms responsible for both impaired muscle and bone functions and their interdependence, as this will expand and drive new physiotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches to treat OI and other musculoskeletal disorders.
Follicular Microflora in Acne Vulgaris

Most of the more devastating effects of acne can be attributed in part to chronic inflammation. Propionibacterium acnes is discussed in relation to abnormal follicular keratinization, free fatty acids, the rupture of follicular epithelium, and the inflammation that occurs following the disruption of follicular epithelium.
Process Integration—an Innovative Approach to Energy Strategy

Process integration or “pinch technology” was recognised as a major advance as soon as it appeared. For the first time a process engineer could find out exactly how much energy his plant should use - a rigorously derived yet practical target rather than an impossible theoretical target or a simple experience value. The techniques have developed to encompass combined heat and power (CHP) systems, heat pump placement, and separation processes in addition to heat exchanger network (HEN) analysis. In its present form, pinch technology is a major tool in the formation of an energy strategy for a wide range of industries. This paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of its use, and shows how it can give rise to innovative solutions to energy efficiency problems.
Temperature dependent thermoelectric properties of cuprous delafossite oxides

Abstract The use of nanostructured delafossite oxides in thermoelectric (TE) applications has attracted a great interest due to their high performance and long-term stability at elevated temperatures. Cuprous delafossites, CuMO2 (M = Al, Cr, Fe, Ga, Mn), compared to conventional TE materials, such as Bi2Te3, PbTe and SiGe, are non-toxic and more earth abundant. In particular, CuAlO2 compound shows a great potential for high performance thermoelectric materials. In this work, a systematic study of temperature dependent TE properties of cuprous delafossite materials, CuAlO2, is reported. The optimization of the TE properties has been realized by controlling nanostructure size around 80 nm CuAlO2 powder was prepared using a solid-state synthesis method at ∼1373 K in nitrogen/air atmosphere. The nanostructure size was controlled by a high energy ball milling process. Reducing the particle size of nanostructured bulk materials decouples interdependent electron and phonon transport and results in a lattice thermal conductivity decrease without deteriorating electrical conductivity. The high effective mass plays a dominant role in the high Seebeck coefficient and low electrical conductivity. The power factor reached ∼0.78 × 10−5 W/mK2 at 780 K. Temperature dependent TE properties, including Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are analyzed. The processing-structure-property correlation of these materials are discussed.
Survival disparities among African American (AA) patients (pts) with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

9054Background: Little is known about whether AA pts with EGFR-mutated NSCLC exhibit similar clinical characteristics and outcomes compared to non-AA pts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the c...
UNIT 12.15 Cryosectioning

This unit describes sample preparation and sectioning methods for frozen tissue. Sections of this type are used in a variety of light microscopic procedures including in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme histochemistry. Curr. Protocol. Cytom. 48:12.15.1-12.15.7. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: fixation; frozen; cryosections; immunohistochemisty; antibody
Oversharing: The Eclipse of Privacy in the Internet Age

Oversharing refers to disclosing intimate details of one's personal life, especially via electronic means of communication. The causes and consequences of oversharing are examined as a sociology of self-disclosure (or presence) is developed. Of central issue is the fading boundary between private and public life, which is a distinguishing feature of postmodern capitalism. Lacking close friends, people use social media, texting and tweeting, to stay connected. Children and adolescents inhabit a nighttime cyberworld of their own, protesting their overburdening by parents and teachers by disclosing their needy selves. Oversharing might be protest against performativity – the expectation that ‘everything counts’ and must be graded.
16 International Migration

This chapter examines the size and scope of international migration, its theoretical underpinnings, and measures of migration. More than 3% of the world’s population consists of international migrants, who are not evenly distributed but concentrated in high-income destination countries. The countries of origin are becoming more diverse, with India now providing more migrants than any other. Immigration policies in destination countries increasingly favor highly educated immigrants. The chapter focuses also on the United States, the largest receiving country for immigrants. There, the ongoing retirement of the Baby Boom, decades of below-replacement fertility among the native-born population, and growth in college attendance have given rise to a need for more less-skilled workers, many of whom are immigrants.
Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Review of a Disruptive Technology in Aortic Valve Surgery

Importance Medically treated symptomatic severe aortic stenosis has poor outcomes, and in the past 6 decades, it has successfully been treated with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). However, one-third of patients with indications for SAVR are not offered surgery because of the high risk of complications. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), initially developed as a less invasive treatment for inoperable patients, has successfully been used in healthier patient cohorts. In 2017, TAVR became the most common approach for aortic valve replacement in the United States. Observations During the past decade, the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) trials (for balloon-expandable valves) and the CoreValve trials (for self-expandable valves) investigated the performance of TAVR in progressively lower-risk patient cohorts. The initial trials demonstrated TAVR to be superior (PARTNER B) and noninferior (CoreValve Extreme Risk) to optimal medical therapy in inoperable patients. Subsequent trials showed both balloon-expandable and self-expandable valves to have good results in high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk surgical patients when compared with SAVR. However, owing to the fundamentally different nature of the procedure, some complications have been more prevalent with TAVR, most notably moderate or severe paravalvular leak, conduction abnormalities necessitating permanent pacemaker placement, and vascular complications. When present, these complications have been associated with worse outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance The results of the groundbreaking TAVR trials from the past decade have led to a revolution in the treatment of aortic stenosis. There are now 3 US Food and Drug Administration–approved TAVR devices, and with the encouraging results from the latest low-risk trials, TAVR is likely going to become the dominant treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. New devices on the horizon are looking to improve the complication rates of TAVR, and ongoing trials are looking to further expand the indications of TAVR and answer 1 of the main remaining questions, ie, long-term durability of percutaneously placed devices.
Predictors of engagement and outcome achievement in a behavioural intervention targeting sugar-sweetened beverage intake among rural adults.

National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) [1R01CA154364-01A1]
Past, Present, and Future Contributions of Cognitive Writing Research to Cognitive Psychology

This volume tells the story of research on the cognitive processes of writing—from the perspectives of the early pioneers, the contemporary contributors, and visions of the future for the field. Writing processes yield important insights into human cognition, and is increasingly becoming a mainstream topic of investigation in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Technological advances have made it possible to study cognitive writing processes as writing unfolds in real time. This book provides an introduction to these technologies. The first part of the volume provides the historical context for the significance of writing research for contemporary cognitive psychology and honors the pioneers in cognitive and social-cognitive research in this field. The book then explores the rapidly expanding work on the social foundations of cognitive processes in writing and considers not only gender differences but also gender similarities in writing. The third part presents a lifespan view of writing in early and middle childhood, adolescence, higher education, and the world of work. There follows an examination of the relationships of language processes –at the word, sentence, and text levels—to the cognitive processes in writing. Part V covers representative research on the cognitive processes of writing—translation and reviewing and revision—and the working memory mechanisms that support those processes. A review of the current technologies used to study these cognitive processes on-line as they happen in real time is provided. Part VII provides an introduction to the emerging new field of the cognitive neuroscience of writing made possible by the rapidly evolving brain imaging technologies, which are interpretable in reference to paradigms in cognitive psychology of writing. The final section of the book offers visions of the future of writing research from the perspective of contemporary leaders in writing research.
An Intensifying Urban–Rural Schism in U.S. Women’s Preference for Governmental Solutions to Social Problems

During the Reagan Revolution, a significant gender gap emerged, accompanied by an urban–rural schism in party preference by gender, one manifestation of the nation’s widening urban–rural divide. Us...
Local Electric Fields as a Natural Switch of Heme-Iron Protein Reactivity.

Heme-iron oxidoreductases operating through the high-valent FeIVO intermediates perform crucial and complicated transformations, such as oxidations of unreactive saturated hydrocarbons. These enzymes share the same Fe coordination, only differing by the axial ligation, e.g., Cys in P450 oxygenases, Tyr in catalases, and His in peroxidases. By examining ~200 heme-iron proteins, we show that the protein hosts exert highly specific intramolecular electric fields on the active sites, and there is a strong correlation between the direction and magnitude of this field and the protein function. In all heme proteins, the field is preferentially aligned with the Fe-O bond ( Fz ). The Cys-ligated P450 oxygenases have the highest average Fz of 28.5 MV cm-1, i.e., most enhancing the oxyl-radical character of the oxo group, and consistent with the ability of these proteins to activate strong C-H bonds. In contrast, in Tyr-ligated proteins, the average Fz is only 3.0 MV cm-1, apparently suppressing single-electron off-pathway oxidations, and in His-ligated proteins, Fz is -8.7 MV cm-1. The operational field range is given by the trade-off between the low reactivity of the FeIVO Compound I at the more negative Fz , and the low selectivity at the more positive Fz . Consequently, a heme-iron site placed in the field characteristic of another heme-iron protein class loses its canonical function, and gains an adverse one. Thus, electric fields produced by the protein scaffolds, together with the nature of the axial ligand, control all heme-iron chemistry.
IWRA 50th anniversary interview

1. When did you first become a member of IWRA?About 1972, almost when it was founded2. What responsibilities have you had with IWRA over the years?I was a Director on the very first Executive Board...
ISIS and the Crime-Terror Nexus in America

This study explores the nexus between crime and Islamic State (ISIS) terrorism in America. It highlights trends in the criminal history of all federal ISIS defendants and deceased perpetrators in A...
Deep neural network potentials for diffusional lithium isotope fractionation in silicate melts

Abstract Diffusional isotope fractionation has been widely used to explain lithium (Li) isotope variations in minerals and rocks. Isotopic mass dependence of Li diffusion can be empirically expressed as D 7 Li D 6 Li = 6 7 β , where D is the diffusivity of a Li isotope. The knowledge about temperature and compositional dependence of the β factor which is essential for understanding diffusion profiles and mechanisms remains unclear. Based on the potential energy and interatomic forces generated by deep neural networks trained with ab initio data, we performed deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) simulations of several Li pseudo-isotopes (with mass = 2, 7, 21, 42 g/mol) in albite, hydrous albite, and model basalt melts to evaluate the β factor. Our calculated diffusivities for 7Li in albite and model basalt melts at 1800 K compare well with experimental results. We found that β in albite melt decreases from 0.267 ± 0.006 at 4000 K to 0.225 ± 0.004 at 1800 K. The presence of water appears to slightly weaken the temperature dependence of β , with β decreasing from 0.250 ± 0.012 to 0.228 ± 0.031 in hydrous albite melt. The calculated β in model basalt melt takes much smaller values, decreasing from 0.215 ± 0.006 at 4000 K to 0.132 ± 0.015 at 1800 K. Our prediction of β in albite and hydrous albite melts is in good agreement with experimental data. More importantly, our results suggest that Li isotope diffusion in silicate melts is strongly dependent on melt composition. The temperature and compositional effects on β can be qualitatively explained in terms of ionic porosity and the coupled relationship between Li diffusion and the mobility of the silicate melt network. Two types of diffusion experiments are suggested to test our predicted temperature and compositional dependence of β . This study shows that DPMD is a promising tool to simulate the diffusion of elements and isotopes in silicate melts.
The effects of warming on red blood cell carbonic anhydrase activity and respiratory performance in a marine fish.

Abstract Measures of fitness are valuable tools to predict species' responses to environmental changes, like increased water temperature. Aerobic scope (AS) is a measure of an individual's capacity for aerobic processes, and frequently used as a proxy for fitness. However, AS is complicated by individual variation found not only within a species, but within similar body sizes as well. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR), one of the factors determining AS, is constrained by an individual's ability to deliver and extract oxygen (O2) at the tissues. Recently, data has shown that red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (RBC CA) is rate-limiting for O2 delivery in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). We hypothesized increased temperature impacts MMR and RBC CA activity in a similar manner, and that an individual's RBC CA activity drives individual variation in AS. Red drum were acutely exposed to increased temperature (+6 °C; 22 °C to 28 °C) for 24 h prior to exhaustive exercise and intermittent-flow respirometry at 28 °C. RBC CA activity was measured before temperature exposure and after aerobic performance. Due to enzymatic thermal sensitivity, acute warming increased individual RBC CA activity by 36%, while there was no significant change in the control (22 °C) treatment. Interestingly, average MMR of the acute warming treatment was 36% greater than that of control drum. However, we found no relationships between individual RBC CA activity and their respective MMR and AS at either temperature. While warming similarly affects RBC CA activity and MMR, RBC CA activity is not a predictor of individual MMR.
Syrian hamsters as a model of lung injury with SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathologic, physiologic and detailed molecular profiling

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of severe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms driving host responses to SARS-CoV-2 is limited by the lack of reliable preclinical models of COVID-19 that recapitulate human illness. Further, existing COVID-19 animal models are not characterized as models of experimental acute lung injury (ALI) or ARDS. Acknowledging differences in experimental lung injury in animal models and human ARDS, here we systematically evaluate a model of experimental acute lung injury as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian golden hamsters. Following intranasal inoculation, hamsters demonstrate acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia and systemic illness but survive infection with clearance of virus. Hamsters exposed to SARS-CoV-2 exhibited key features of experimental ALI, including histologic evidence of lung injury, increased pulmonary permeability, acute inflammation, and hypoxemia. RNA sequencing of lungs indicated upregulation of inflammatory mediators that persisted after infection clearance. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated significant differences in hamster phospholipidome with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed increased apoptosis and ferroptosis. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters exhibit key features of experimental lung injury supporting their use as a preclinical model of COVID-19 ARDS.
Mechanisms by which tumors avoid destruction by the immune system BCG-catalyzed increase in IgG and IgA blocking activity of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

The immunoglobulin IgM fraction from the serum of one week sarcoma-bearing BALB/c mice increased, the IgG and IgA fractions from the same animal had no effect on the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic release of51Cr from51Cr-labelled sarcoma cells. These latter two immunoglobulin fractions from serum of 14 Days, or more, sarcoma-bearing mice inhibited the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic activity. The IgA, IgG or IgM fractions from mice inoculated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) had no effect, but if these same animals were inoculated with viable sarcoma cells (102 to 106 cells per mouse) IgG and IgA fractions inhibited the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic activity. The magnitude of inhibition was greatest with sera or IgG from tumor-bearing BCG-treated animals.
Linearized multipole expansion of the gravitational-wave news function

The Sachs news function, which is a generalized form of the Bondi news function and which mathematically controls the entire development of the gravitational waves from any isolated system, is calculated for a cohesive system in terms of the multiple-order moments of the material energy tensorTik for the source. A formula for the rate at which the source loses mass is then determined, and it turns out that this represents the rate of transmission of radiation energy from the source, as expected.
Studies To Select Appropriate Nonpathogenic Surrogate Escherichia coli Strains for Potential Use in Place of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Pilot Plant Studies

The response of a potential nonpathogenic surrogate organism to a particular treatment should closely mimic the response of the target pathogenic organism. In this study, growth characteristics (generation time, lag phase duration, and maximum population), pH at stationary phase, and survival characteristics (level of attachment and survival on apple surfaces, resistance to hydrogen peroxide decontamination treatments, and thermal resistance at 60 degrees C) of 15 nonpathogenic generic Escherichia coli strains and one nonpathogenic E. coli O157:H43 strain were compared with those of two E. coli O157:H7 strains and two Salmonella strains. Few differences in growth characteristics or pH at stationary phase were evident between nonpathogenic and pathogenic strains tested. However, considerably more separation among strains was seen following investigation of survival characteristics. E. coli ECRC 97.0152, which does not contain genes encoding for known virulence factors associated with E. coli O157:H7, appears to be a good surrogate candidate, with growth and survival characteristics similar to those of E. coli O157:H7 strains. The less heat-resistant surrogate strains E. coli NRRL B-766 and NRRL B-3054 and E. coli ATCC 11775, ATCC 25253, and ATCC 25922 may be used when attempting to model the heat resistance of Salmonella Montevideo G4639 and Salmonella Poona RM 2350, respectively. These surrogate strains may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of intervention steps in reducing populations of selected strains of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in processing environments where these pathogens cannot be introduced.
Shakespeare's Living Law: Theatrical, Lyrical, and Legal Practice

This article examines the state of Shakespeare and Law studies in its early twenty-first century incarnation. Departing from the long tradition of attending to the law's thematic resonance in Shakespeare's plays in order to extrapolate ahistorical ethical questions, critical work of the last decade has instead meticulously contextualized the literary texts in relation to an early modern legal culture that was a significant source of common experiences and accessible modes of analyzing experience. After an introduction to the scope of the field, the article zooms in on several key studies that explore the role of law in the development of Shakespeare's lyric and drama: I highlight works on the neglected topic of legal language in the Sonnets and on legal culture's contribution to dramatic narrative and mimetic innovation. I examine these projects in some detail in order to showcase critical methods that attend to the technicalities of both literary and legal language, concepts, forms, practices, and contexts with exceptional precision. I thereby situate the reader within a field that is rapidly coalescing by means of genuinely transformative contributions to Shakespeare studies and early modern legal history.
Up-regulation of surface CD34 is associated with protein kinase C-mediated hyperphosphorylation of CD34.

CD34 is a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein expressed by early hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as endothelial cells. Previously we found that CD34 is rapidly and stoichiometrically phosphorylated by activated protein kinase C (PKC) (Fackler, M.J., Civin, C.I., Sutherland, D.R., Baker, M.A., and May, W.S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11056-11061). In the present study, we find dose-dependent up-regulation of CD34 surface expression following treatment of normal human CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells, cord blood-derived KMT-2, or KG1 a myeloid leukemia cells with the PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Up-regulation begins within 1 min of treatment, is maximal by 30 min, is maintained for at least 3 h, and is associated with CD34 hyperphosphorylation. A specific inhibitor of PKC, 2,6-diamino-N-(1[1-(1-oxotridecyl)-2-piperadinyl]methyl)h exan-amide (NPC 15437), blocks both up-regulation and hyperphosphorylation of CD34. CD34 up-regulation is independent of transcription and/or translation and results from the recruitment of preformed intracellular CD34. The endocytosis rate of surface CD34 is unaltered by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Thus, activation of PKC mediates increased surface expression of the CD34 molecule possibly as a result of phosphorylation of CD34.
Rapid oxygen utilization in the ocean twilight zone assessed with the cosmogenic isotope 7Be

[1] The rate of oxygen utilization beneath the sunlit surface ocean provides a measure of the export rate of biologically produced carbon to the deep sea, and its variation with depth suggests where remineralization of that carbon occurs. The latter consideration is relevant to the efficiency of carbon sequestration in deep water. However, accurate characterization of this process, particularly within 200 m of the euphotic zone where carbon utilization is most intense, has been difficult owing to limitations of techniques applied to these shallow depths. Here, a novel approach utilizing the cosmogenic isotope 7Be indicates that at a site in the subtropical North Atlantic, 65% of sinking carbon is remineralized within 200 m of the ocean's surface and is thus readily available for return to the atmosphere. The corresponding oxygen utilization rates are greater than would be suggested by the attenuation with depth of organic matter measured by shallow sediment traps.
The role of terminal differentiation in the finite culture lifetime of the human epidermal keratinocyte.

Publisher Summary The apparent culture lifetime of a fibroblast can be substantially extended by the addition of hydrocortisone or higher concentrations of serum or bovine serum albumin to the medium or even by irradiating the medium with ultraviolet light. Of particular interest to the evaluation of in vitro senescence are the stratified squamous epithelial tissues, such as the epidermis, which are “renewal populations” with a continually dividing stem population. The epidermal cell (keratinocyte) in the dividing basal layer compartment of this tissue divides on the average once every two weeks to replace the terminally differentiated cells in the outer layer, which are continually being shed. The epidermal population therefore, doubles several thousand times during the normal human lifespan. The XB mouse teratomal keratinocyte line, which does not requires the surface conditioning function of the feeder layer, is used to elucidate the nature of the fibroblast medium conditioning.
Floods of March 1982, Fort Wayne, Indiana

Rapid melting of a snowpack containing up to 6 inches (15 centimeters) of water equivalent, which occurred with a moderate rainfall of up to 3 inches (8 centimeters), caused major flooding in March 1982 in northern Indiana, northwestern Ohio, northeastern Illinois, and southern Michigan. Particular attention is given in the paper to the Maumee River basin, where flooding on most large streams was the worst since the devastating flood of 1913. In Fort Wayne, Indiana, flooding of the Maumee River and its tributaries, the St. Marys and the St. Joseph Rivers, damaged 1,500 homes and 100 businesses, forced the evacuation of 9,000 people, and caused over $50 million in damage. A major flood-fighting effort prevented additional damage.
Inverse problem in optical diffusion tomography. IV. Nonlinear inversion formulas

We continue our study of the inverse scattering problem for diffuse light. In contrast to our earlier work, in which we considered the linear inverse problem, we now consider the nonlinear problem. We obtain a solution to this problem in the form of a functional series expansion. The first term in this expansion is the pseudoinverse of the linearized forward-scattering operator and leads to the linear inversion formulas that we have reported previously. The higher-order terms represent nonlinear corrections to this result. We illustrate our results with computer simulations in model systems.
Salicylanilides: A New Group of Active Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation

Investigations using housefly mitochondria revealed several salicylanilide derivatives as the most effective uncoupling agents of oxidative phosphorylation reported so far. Even greater inhibition of the associated Pi-adenosine triphosphate exchange was shown with these compounds in both housefly and rat-liver mitochondria, and close similarity was observed between the two types of organelles.
Fluorinated Calix[4]pyrrole and Dipyrrolylquinoxaline: Neutral Anion Receptors with Augmented Affinities and Enhanced Selectivities

The use of the 3,4-difluoro-1H-pyrrole as a building block for the preparation of octamethyloctafluorocalix[4]pyrrole and 2,3-di(3‘,4‘-difluoropyrrol-2‘yl)quinoxaline is described. These latter two entities act as neutral anion receptors and were found to bind anions such as fluoride, chloride, or dihydrogen phosphate with an enhanced affinity compared to their non-fluorinated congeners as judged from 1H NMR, 19F NMR, and fluorescence emission spectroscopic analyses. The increase in affinity was especially high in case of chloride and dihydrogen phosphate anion, with the 2,3-di(3‘,4‘-difluoropyrrol-2‘-yl)quinoxaline system, in particular, displaying an affinity for H2PO4- that was improved by 3 orders of magnitude as compared to its non-fluorinated congener. This improvement in the affinity for the dihydrogen phosphate is accompanied by change of color from pale yellow to orange, thus allowing the use of such compounds as naked-eye sensors for phosphate anion. In the case of the octafluorocalix[4]pyrrole ...
Dutch auction versus fixed-price self-tender offers for common stock

Abstract This paper studies distinctions between fixed-price and Dutch auction self-tenders for common stock. We find that fixed-price tenders pay higher premiums to retire greater equity fractions than Dutch offers yet generate similar total returns to stockholders. Accordingly, total returns are significantly higher in Dutch auctions after controlling for tender and firm characteristics. In addition, wealth transfers to owners of repurchased shares are significantly higher in fixed-price offers. The Dutch mechanism thus appears to induce increases in firm value with smaller disbursals of cash. These cost savings to investors who maintain their ownership may explain the popularity of the new technique.
Real-time monitoring of electrically stimulated norepinephrine release in rat thalamus. I: Resolution of transmitter and metabolite signal components

Electrical stimulation of an ascending path of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine system was used to elicit release of norepinephrine at noradrenergic terminal fields of the rat thalamus. Overflow into the extracellular fluid space was measured by fast in vivo chronoamperometry. At pretreated carbon fibers, the electrochemical signal consists of a sharp peak of approximately 20-30 s duration followed by a slower, plateau-like decay to baseline. The peak, characterized by a variety of pharmacological manipulations and dialysis perfusion, is primarily due to norepinephrine. The plateau was shown to correspond to metabolite efflux of 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid. By varying the degree of electrochemical pretreatment, the response time and sensitivity of the fibers can be tuned to follow the entire signal or to select the separate components for detailed evaluation. This approach can be used to provide new information on the spatial and temporal characteristics of stimulated neurotransmitter release.
An analysis of Taguchi's on-line process-control procedure under a random-walk model

The assumptions of the on-line process-control methods presented by Taguchi, Elsayed, and Hsiang (1989) are examined. Taguchi's method for obtaining control strategies is evaluated for the random-walk case. A method for approximating optimal control strategies is presented and compared with results obtained using Taguchi's method, with a new modification of Taguchi's method, and with simulation results.
Relating Physical Environment to Self-Categorizations: Identity Threat and Affirmation in a Non-Territorial Office Space

I used qualitative methods to explore why some employees working in a newly created, non-territorial office environment perceived that their workplace identities were threatened and used particular tactics to affirm those threatened identities. Findings suggest that the non-territorial work environment threatened some employees' workplace identities because it severely limited their abilities to affirm categorizations of distinctiveness (versus status) through the display of personal possessions. Categorizations of distinctiveness appeared to be most threatened by the loss of office personalization because of three characteristics: (1) their absolute, rather than graded membership structure, (2) their high subjective importance and personal relevance, and (3) their high reliance on physical markers for affirmation. In affirming threatened identity categorizations, employees chose different tactics, in terms of the amount of effort required and their conformance with company rules, based on the acceptabili...
Inflammatory Terrien's Marginal Corneal Disease

We studied 13 patients with Terrien's marginal degeneration of the cornea. Six of these 13 patients had recurrent, disabling, episodic inflammation that was the most dominant feature of the disease. Severe pain and an associated episcleritis or superficial scleritis was present in all the patients during these attacks. These findings suggested that an inflammatory spectrum of Terrien's disease may exist.
Grain-fill characteristics of early maize strains selected for variable R-nj expression

Grain-fill rates and durations were estimated for three early maize (Zea mays L.) strains developed by mass selection for variable R-nj aleurone color expression. Strains selected for high, random, and low color expression were evaluated for rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA), effective filling period duration (EFPD), and lag period duration (LPD). Strains from cycles 3 and 4 were grown in 1980 and 1981, respectively, to test the hypothesis that selection for variable R-nj expression had changed rate and/or duration of grain-fill. Results indicated that while selection for high R-nj expression increased RDMA and decreased EFPD, low color selection reduced RDMA and increased EFPD. LPD was increased slightly by high color selection. The relationships of these characteristics to previously observed yield, stability, and ear moisture differences among these strains are discussed.
Reevaluation of Persistent Radical Effect in NMP

The persistent radical effect (PRE) originally proposed by H. Fischer was reevaluated. The original Fischer's equations for nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) were examined, and new equations were derived to extend PRE treatment to higher conversions. The NMP kinetic process was divided into three stages, i.e., preequilibrium, transition period, and quasi-equilibrium, which were further analyzed separately. The kinetics for model reactions as well as for NMP of styrene and methyl methacrylate mediated by N-tert-butyl-N-[1-diethylphosphono-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)] nitroxide (also known as SG-1 or DEPN) were evaluated.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in older patients: outcomes and complications.

Catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become a treatment option for younger patients with drug refractory AF. It is not known whether pulmonary veins (PV) have an important mechanistic role in elderly patients with AF or whether CA is an effective treatment for the elderly. We evaluated 240 consecutive patients that were referred to the electrophysiology laboratory for CA for AF using a PV antral isolation approach. Linear ablations were not routinely performed. Clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization was evaluated during the 12 months after CA in patients 75 years old (Group III; 61 patients). Older patients were more likely to have persistent atrial fibrillation (I: 24%, II: 34%, III: 66%). Major complication rates (I: 1%; II: 1%; III: 0%; p=ns) and minor complication rates (I: 4%; II: 5%; III: 5%; p=ns) were similar for all three groups. At 12 month follow-up younger patients were more likely to be in sinus rhythm without prolonged episodes of atrial fibrillation without antiarrhythmic drug therapy (AARx) (I: 94%, II: 84%, III: 61%). However in Group III, effective treatment (AF <1 h/mo ± AARx) was achieved in 82% of patients. After radiofrequency catheter ablation, hospitalizations, emergency room and nonroutine clinic visits decreased significantly for all three groups during the 12 months after RFA (I: pre 22; post: 3; Group II: pre 26; post 4; III: pre 20; post 2). CA can be effective for treating AF in selected older patients as stand-alone therapy or as hybrid therapy with AARx. PVs appear to be an important arrhythmogenic structure regardless of age. CA is associated with decreased healthcare resource utilization in all age groups.
Length of strings for a merge sort

Detailed statistics are given on the length of maximal sorted strings which result from the first (internal sort) phase of a merge sort onto tapes. It is shown that the strings produced by an alternating method (i.e. one which produces ascending and descending strings alternately) tend to be only three-fourths as long as those in a method which produces only ascending strings, contrary to statements which have appeared previously in the literature. A slight modification of the read-backward polyphase merge algorithm is therefore suggested.
Adolescent Drug Use and the Alienation Syndrome.

A drug survey of junior and senior high school students in a large New England city found higher drug usage among males, blacks, eighth graders, children from broken homes, and children who do not plan to complete high school. It is suggested that these adolescents are enmeshed in an “alienation syndrome” and need a variety of services for prevention and rehabilitation.
Alterations in Surgical Plan Based on Intraoperative Portable Head Computed Tomography Imaging

BACKGROUND Intraoperative imaging offers potential for utility in many clinical scenarios. Portable computed tomography (CT) offers a versatile potential alternative when immediate imaging may alter the surgical plan and magnetic resonance imaging is not practical. METHODS The medical records from the University or New Mexico were reviewed for portable head CT scans done in the operating room since the scanner has been available. Operative reports and imaging studies were reviewed to determine changes in surgical decision after the CT scan. FINDINGS The portable head CT scanner was used in 50 cases from May 2007 through March 2010. Average operative time overall was 121 minutes and for reservoir placement was 54 minutes. Procedures included reservoir placement (28%), tumor resection (24%), cerebrospinal fluid shunting (24%), vascular lesion resection (8%), trauma craniotomy (6%), abscess drainage (4%), stereotactic biopsy (4%), and open reduction internal fixation of facial fractures (2%). Findings on the CT scan lead to alterations in the surgical plan 16 times (32%). CONCLUSION In select cases, intraoperative portable head CT leads to changes in the surgical plan in 32% of cases. This potentially prevents a return to the operating room and offers a cost-effective alternative to fixed intraoperative imaging facilities.
Reorganization energies and rate constants for electron reactions in glass-forming media and proteins

Abstract We discuss situations occurring in intramolecular electron transfer in glassy solvents and in proteins which themselves undergo glassing transitions. In these circumstances slow solvent relaxation causes the reaction pathway to vary substantially from the equilibrium reaction path, resulting in increased effective barriers and reduced effective outer-sphere reorganization energies compared to the transition-state (equilibrium) result. This effect is modelled simply by introducing a temperature dependent reorganization energy. Through inclusion of these non-equilibrium effects, sharp falloffs of electron transfer rate with decreasing temperature can be modelled with reasonable values of the equilibrium reorganization energy, rather than the inappropriately large values needed otherwise.