cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae for enhanced biomass and lipid accumulation in artificial wastewater medium

The purpose of this work is to study the co-cultivation of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae under different cultivation conditions (i.e. CO2, light intensity, cultivation time, and inoculation ratio) for enhanced algal biomass and lipid productivity in wastewater medium using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results show that mixed cultures of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae increase biomass and lipid yield. Additionally, findings indicate that CO2, light intensity and cultivation time significantly affect algal productivity. Furthermore, CO2 concentration and light intensity, and CO2 concentration and algal composition, have an interactive effect on biomass productivity. Under different cultivation conditions, the response of algal biomass, cell count, and lipid productivity ranges from 2.5 to 10.2 mg/mL, 1.1 × 106 to 8.2 × 108 cells/mL, and 1.1 × 1012 to 6.8 × 1012 total fluorescent units/mL, respectively. The optimum conditions for simultaneous biomass and lipid accumulation are 3.6% of CO2 (v/v), 160 µmol/m2/s of light intensity, 1.6/2.4 of inoculation ratio (wastewater-algae/Chlorella), and 8.3 days of cultivation time. The optimal productivity is 9.8 (g/L) for dry biomass, 8.6 E + 08 (cells/mL) for cell count, and 6.8 E + 12 (Total FL units per mL) for lipid yield, achieving up to four times, eight times, and seven times higher productivity compared to nonoptimized conditions. Provided is a supportive methodology to improve mixed algal culture for bioenergy feedstock generation and to optimize cultivation conditions in complex wastewater environments. This work is an important step forward in the development of sustainable large-scale algae cultivation for cost-efficient generation of biofuel.
Demographics and risk factors for non-accidental orthopedic trauma

Childhood non-accidental trauma (NAT) is the second most common cause of death in children. Despite its prevalence, NAT is frequently unreported due to provider misdiagnosis or unawareness. The purpose of this study was to determine current risk factors and injury patterns associated with NAT. A retrospective review of the Kids' Inpatient Database was performed for the years 2009 and 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the statistically significant risk factors for NAT. In 2009 and 2012, 174 442 children were hospitalized for fractures. Of these, 2.07% (3614) were due to NAT. Lower extremity (femur, tibia/fibula, foot), hand/carpus, clavicle, pelvis, and spine fractures were more likely to result from NAT; tibia/fibula fractures were most predictive of NAT. Children with anxiety, attention-deficit, conduct, developmental, and mood disorders were more likely to experience NAT. Those with cerebral palsy and autism were not at an increased risk for NAT.
Reconstructing baselines for Caribbean predatory reef fishes

6 The natural, pre-human, abundance of most large predators is unknown due to the lack of 7 historical data and the poor understanding of the natural factors that control their populations. 8 We assessed the relationship between the biomass of predatory reef fishes and several 9 anthropogenic and environmental variables to (1) predict among site variability in predator 10 abundance in response to both human impacts and natural factors, and (2) estimate historical 11 baselines of fish predator biomass in the absence of humans. We hypothesized that predatory fish 12 abundance declines with human influence but is also strongly associated with natural 13 environmental variability. We assessed the biomass structure of reef fishes at 39 sites over three 14 years across the greater Caribbean. Using generalized linear mixed effect models, we examined 15 the relationships between the biomass of predatory reef fishes and a comprehensive set of 29 16 anthropogenic, physical, spatial, biotic, and management-related covariates. We used the best 17 explanatory models to predict the biomass of fish predators in the absence of humans. Predatory 18 reef fish biomass was higher in marine reserves but strongly negatively related to human 19 impacts, especially coastal development. Over 50% of the variability in predator biomass, 20 however, was also explained by non-human factors including reef complexity, ocean 21 productivity, and prey abundance. Comparing site-specific predicted values to field observations 22 suggests predatory reef fish biomass has declined by 80-95% in most sites, even within most 23 PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.805v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Jan 2015, publ: 21 Jan 2015 P re P rin ts
Trend and racial disparities in infant mortality rate in Texas from 1990 to 2004.

Purpose To determine the trend and disparities in infant mortality rate (IMR) from 1990 to 2004 in Texas, which is one of the few states with severe physician shortage in the United States. Methods Trend analysis and Poisson regression were performed with data from Texas Department of State for Health Services and other Web sites. Results IMR decreased from 1990 to 2000 followed by a trend of increase from 2000 to 2004 in Texas. The recent trend of increase in IMR was observed in all ethnic groups. IMR was associated with ethnicity, area of residence in Texas (rural vs urban areas in east vs south vs west), median income index, and primary care physician supply (primary care physician to population ratio). IMR in blacks was more than 2 times that of other ethnic groups, and the gap had been increasing since 1997. The recent increasing trend in IMR coincided with a decreasing trend in primary care physician supply and a decrease or a slower increase in median income index. Conclusions IMR increased in recent years, particularly in African Americans in Texas. Measures should be taken to reverse the worsening trend in IMR and to reduce regional and racial disparities.
Regional Conference Planning: A Roadmap to Success

National, state and local mandates require professional development for K-12 and community health educators to keep knowledge and skills current, to maintain certification and to enhance professional practice. Meeting these mandates at the local level presents a challenge because of limited professional development opportunities and a lack of funds for travel or release time from work. This paper describes the evolution of HealthNets, a network of health educators who utilized various modes and venues of professional development opportunities that are accessible, reflect best practices and help fulfill national, state and local mandates. Conference planning, implementation, evaluation and lessons learned are discussed.
Determination of the Scalar and Vector Polarizabilities of the Cesium 6 s S 2 1 / 2 → 7 s S 2 1 / 2 Transition and Implications for Atomic Parity Nonconservation

Using recent high-precision measurements of electric dipole matrix elements of atomic cesium, we make an improved determination of the scalar (α) and vector (β) polarizabilities of the cesium 6s^{2}S_{1/2}→7s^{2}S_{1/2} transition calculated through a sum-over-states method. We report values of α=-268.82(30)a_{0}^{3} and β=27.139(42)a_{0}^{3} with the highest precision to date. We find a discrepancy between our value of β and the past preferred value, resulting in a significant shift in the value of the weak charge Q_{w} of the cesium nucleus. Future work to resolve the differences in the polarizability will be critical for interpretation of parity nonconservation measurements in cesium, which have implications for physics beyond the standard model.
Temporal and rheostatic control of genome editing with a chemically-inducible Cas9

Abstract Nuclease-mediated DNA cleavage and subsequent repair lie at the heart of genome editing, and the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 has emerged as the most widely-used tool for facilitating this process. Extensive biochemical and biophysical efforts have revealed much regarding the structure, mechanism, and cellular properties of Cas9. This has enabled engineering of Cas9 variants with enhanced activity, specificity, and other features. However, we lack a detailed understanding of the kinetics of Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage and repair in vivo. To study in vivo Cas9 cleavage kinetics and activity dose-dependence, we have engineered a chemically-inducible, single-component Cas9, ciCas9. ciCas9 allows for temporal and rheostatic control of Cas9 activity using a small molecule activator, A115. We have also developed a droplet-digital PCR-based assay (DSB-ddPCR) to directly quantify Cas9-mediated double-stranded breaks (DSBs). The methods in this chapter describe the application of ciCas9 and DSB-ddPCR to study the kinetics and dose-dependence of Cas9 editing in vivo.
Developmental regression and mitochondrial function in children with autism

Background Developmental regression (DR) occurs in about one-third of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) yet it is poorly understood. Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial function in not normal in many children with ASD. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and DR has not been well-studied in ASD. Methods This cross-sectional study of 32 children, 2 to 8 years old with ASD, with (n = 11) and without (n = 12) DR, and non-ASD controls (n = 9) compared mitochondrial respiration and mtDNA damage and copy number between groups and their relation to standardized measures of ASD severity. Results Individuals with ASD demonstrated lower ND1, ND4, and CYTB copy number (Ps Conclusions This study suggests that individuals with ASD and DR may represent a unique metabolic endophenotype with distinct abnormalities in respiratory function that may put their mitochondria in a state of vulnerability. This may allow physiological stress to trigger mitochondrial decompensation as is seen clinically as DR. Since mitochondrial function was found to be related to ASD symptoms, the mitochondria could be a potential target for novel therapeutics. Additionally, identifying those with vulnerable mitochondrial before DR could result in prevention of ASD.
Cognitive Task Analysis for Unmanned Aerial System Design

Unmanned aerial systems are complex tools requiring thoughtful designs that account for the platform, payloads, and human users as a holistic system. Often, the focus is first placed on designing the platform or payload, and the human element is considered later. Unfortunately, such system design approaches do not properly consider the human cognitive limitations and do not design the system to support the human’s tasks and decision-making. This chapter provides an overview of cognitive analysis methods that can be integrated into the early system design process to account for the human element. Specifically, this chapter provides an overview of task analysis, work analysis, and information flow analysis methods along with an overview of how individual methods from the different analysis classes have been combined. Specific examples of applying these analyses methods to unmanned aerial systems, ranging from potential futuristic systems to research systems to deployed systems, are also reviewed. J.A. Adams Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA e-mail: julie.a.adams@Vanderbilt.Edu K.P. Valavanis, G.J. Vachtsevanos (eds.), Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9707-1 26, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 201 2425
Understanding Data Centers from Logs: Leveraging External Knowledge for Distant Supervision

Data centers are a crucial component of modern IT ecosystems. Their size and complexity present challenges in terms of maintaining and understanding knowledge about them. In this work we propose a novel methodology to create a semantic representation of a data center, leveraging graph-based data, external semantic knowledge, as well as continuous input and refinement captured with a human-in-the-loop interaction. Additionally, we specifically demonstrate the advantage of leveraging external knowledge to bootstrap the process. The main motivation behind the work is to support the task of migrating data centers, logically and/or physically, where the subject matter expert needs to identify the function of each node - a server, a virtual machine, a printer, etc - in the data center, which is not necessarily directly available in the data and to be able to plan a safe switch-off and relocation of a cluster of nodes. We test our method against two real-world datasets and show that we are able to correctly identify the function of each node in a data center with high performance.
Evaluating COVID-19 reporting data in the context of testing strategies across 31 LMICs

0.1. BackgroundCOVID-19 case counts are the predominant measure used to track epidemiological dynamics and inform policy decision-making. Case counts, however, are influenced by testing rates and strategies, which have varied over time and space. A method to consistently interpret COVID-19 case counts in the context of other surveillance data is needed, especially for data-limited settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). 0.2. MethodsWe leverage statistical analyses to detect changes in COVID-19 surveillance data. We apply the pruned exact linear time change detection method for COVID-19 case counts, number of tests, and test positivity rate over time. With this information, we categorize change points as likely driven by epidemiological dynamics or non-epidemiological influences such as noise. 0.3. FindingsHigher rates of epidemiological change detection are more associated with open testing policies than with higher testing rates. The non-pharmaceutical intervention most correlated with epidemiological change is workplace closing. LMICs have the testing capacity to measure prevalence with precision if they use randomized testing. Rwanda stands out as a country with an efficient COVID-19 surveillance system. Sub-national data reveal heterogeneity in epidemiological dynamics and surveillance. 0.4. InterpretationRelying solely on case counts to interpret pandemic dynamics has important limitations. Normalizing counts by testing rate mitigates some of these limitations, and open testing policy is key to efficient surveillance. Our findings can be leveraged by public health officials to strengthen COVID-19 surveillance and support programmatic decision-making. 0.5. FundingThis publication is based on models and data analysis performed by the Institute for Disease Modeling at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. O_TEXTBOXResearch in ContextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSWe searched for articles on the current practices, challenges, and proposals for COVID-19 surveillance in LMICs. We used Google Scholar with search terms including "COVID surveillance." Existing studies were found to be qualitative, anecdotal, or highly location-specific. Added value of this studyWe developed a quantitative method that makes use of limited information available from LMICs. Our approach improves interpretation of epidemiological data and enables evaluation of COVID-19 surveillance dynamics across countries. Implications of all the available evidenceOur results demonstrate the importance of open testing for strong surveillance systems, bolstering existing anecdotal evidence. We show strong alignment across LMICs between workplace restrictions and epidemiological changes. We demonstrate the importance of considering sub-national heterogeneity of epidemiological dynamics and surveillance. C_TEXTBOX
Stabilization of the Highway Slope using Recycled Plastic Pins

The recycled plastic pin (RPP) is made from recycled plastics and waste materials (i.e., polymer, sawdust, fly ash, etc.). It is a lightweight material and is less susceptible to chemical and biolo...
Effectiveness of a Continuity-of-Care Model to Reduce Youth Suicidality.

Abstract. Background: Suicidal ideation and recent suicide attempts greatly increase the risk of suicide among youth. Many youth experiencing suicidality are not adequately connected to in-person t...
Data fusion with ML-PMHT for very low SNR track detection in an OTHR

The Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (ML-PMHT), which is a Deep Target Extractor (DTE), is formulated for and applied to Over-The-Horizon radar (OTHR) scenarios: a constant altitude target and a constant vertical acceleration target. In an OTHR scenario there are two ionosphere layers assumed here to be acting as reflectors of the EM waves and each scan can contain multiple measurements (up to four) originating from each target; each of these target-originated measurements takes one of four possible round-trip paths. The multipath ML-PMHT likelihood ratio models this uncertainty in the measurement path which then allows the fusion of multipath data in the presence of false measurements. This tracker is shown to have high track accuracy in these very low SNR OTHR scenarios.
The two states of CYG X-1 and related sources.

A model for active galactic nuclei (AGN), employing quasi-spherical accretion onto a black hole, when scaled down to solar mass objects, provides a straightforward account of the bimodal spectral behavior of Cyg X-1 and the other galactic black hole candidates. It is argued that the change in the spectrum is due to the drastic increase of the source compactness (L/R) with the accretion rate m and the subsequent conversion of most of the energy released by accretion into e(+)e(-) pairs. It is also argued that similar changes may be observed in active galactic nuclei.
The Dissociations of Everyday Life

(2004). The Dissociations of Everyday Life. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 1-11.
Urticaria and Angioedema

Urticaria and angioedema are distressing conditions that frequently have unidentified triggers despite extensive testing. While conventional therapy can be very helpful, at times side effects and limited response drive the desire for alternatives. While there are relatively few high-quality studies, some promising evidence exists for stress-reduction, vitamin D supplementation, and dietary modification.
Retarded tumor growth and greater longevity in mice after fetal irradiation by 2450-MHz microwaves.

In the first of two studies, 48 mice of the conventional CFW strain were sham-radiated or radiated in utero for 20 minutes daily by 2,450-MHz microwaves at a dose rate, respectively, of 0 or 35 mW/g during days 11–14 of gestation. All 48 mice were implanted with a homogenate of a lymphoreticular cell sarcoma on the 16th day postpartum and then, commencing on the 19th day, they underwent a series of 36 daily exposures to the sham- or to the microwave-radiation. Fetal exposure to radiation, which elevated dams colonic temperatures by an average of 2.24°C, was associated with a lower incidence of tumors (13% vs 46% for fetally sham-radiated mice) as verified histologically at necropsy on the 93rd day postpartum. In the second study, 84 CFW mice received the four radiation treatments in utero; 60 mice were sham-radiated in utero and served as controls. Postnatal radiation was not administered. All 144 mice were implanted with the homogenate on the 16th day postpartum and then were observed for nearly 36 months for development of palpable tumors and for longevity. Tumors initially developed at a lower rate in fetally radiated mice and 2.5 months after implantation the respective percentages of “takes” in sham- and microwave-irradiated mice were comparable to those observed at termination of the first study. Subsequently the rate of tumor induction in radiated mice accelerated, and after the fourth month the final percentage of radiated mice with tumors (46%) slightly exceeded that of controls (40%). Both tumor-bearing and tumor-free animals that had been radiated as fetuses lived longer on the average than respective controls. Long-term augmentation of immunocompetency by in utero hyperthermia is believed to be responsible for the delayed induction of tumors and for enhancement of survival.
Psychosis and pregnancy: Some new ethical and legal dilemmas for the physician

Physicians who treat women of childbearing age may encounter the presentation of psychosis in a pregnant woman that presents special problems in diagnosis and treatment, particularly ethical and legal considerations that center on the rights of the mother as well as the continually evolving definition of fetal rights. This article represents a collaborative effort to address these considerations. Representative case material from the treatment of a psychotic pregnant patient is presented with a focus on the nature of the contractual relationship of the treating physician with the mother and fetus.
The state space model of vibrational energy flow: An experimental test using SEP spectra of jet-cooled thiophosgene

Abstract Nearly a 1000 X ∼ ← B ∼ transitions of jet-cooled SCCl2 have been measured by stimulated emission pumping. The observed rovibrational band contours cover the 210–330 THz region. A statistical autocorrelation analysis of the spectra answers a key question about the state space model of vibrational energy flow: is the dilution factor σ, which describes how many eigenstates participate in an optically ‘bright’ state due to anharmonic mixing, distributed according to a bimodal probability distribution P(σ) or not? Our SEP data supports a bimodal distribution predicted by state space models.
WIC Eligibility and Participation: the Roles of Changing Policies, Economic Conditions, and Demographics

This paper studies WIC eligibility and participation. These outcomes are related to economic conditions, Medicaid, cash welfare, and WIC policies, and demographic characteristics. The analysis uses state level data from 1983 to 2006, a period that covers significant expansion in the Medicaid program, the transition from AFDC to TANF, and significant changes in economic conditions. The results show that take-up has increased more than eligibility over this time period. Separating eligibility and participation is important because a number of state characteristics have opposite effects on these outcomes. Economic conditions, the Medicaid expansions, and immigration in the post-TANF period are shown to be associated with WIC eligibility and participation.
Pathophysiology of the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for the Cardiometabolic Risks Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

The worldwide obesity epidemic has brought to the author's attention the cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease associated with the metabolic syndrome. The emphasis on diagnosing and treating the individual risk factors should help in the prevention of the cardiovascular disease associated with obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Dynamics of blood flow in stenotic vascular lesions

Abstract A normal artery can serve as a conduit for many times the resting flow without significant loss of energy or production of murmurs. In such vessels, the rate of flow is determined primarily by the peripheral vascular conductance (rate of flow/drop in pressure) rather than by the characteristics of the artery. In a system of vessels connected in series, the rate of flow is limited by the segment of lowest conductance. Thus, when the conductance of the peripheral vascular bed is low, a partially stenotic lesion has no effect on the rate of flow. When an arteriovenous fistula or an increase in metabolic activity markedly increases the delivery through an arterial narrowing, the stenotic segment becomes the limiting factor, and a systolic bruit indicates that the stream is no longer laminar. Thus, a murmur is the announcement that the caliber of a vessel or valve is inadequate to provide for laminar flow. With further increases in peripheral vascular conductance and rate of flow, the murmur increases in intensity, pitch, and duration. Cross flow is minimal in an anastomosis between two parallel arteries which deliver blood to separate vascular beds of equal conductance. If a stenosis is present in one of the arterial roots, blood will shunt from the normal vessel to the vascular bed of the narrowed vessel. If the stenosis is severe, the deviation of blood will be marked and the tissues normally supplied by the normal vessel will become ischemic (steal syndrome). The interaction (hydrodynamic drag) of the stream with the vessel wall determines vascular caliber. Laminar streams interact normally with the wall. The separation of the stream lines from the wall at the downstream lip of a stenotic orifice produces a locus at which stream-wall interaction is minimal, with the result that the narrowing becomes progressively marked. In the poststenotic segment, turbulence increases the interaction of stream and wall, and stimulates a localized enlargement (poststenotic dilatation).
Regulation of High Density Lipoprotein Levels

An increasing awareness of the physiologic and pathologic importance of serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) has led to a large number of observations regarding factors which influence their concentrations. HDL consists of a heterogeneous collection of macromolecules with diverse physical properties and chemical constituents. While laboratory techniques have made it possible to measure HDL and their individual components, there are as yet large gaps in our knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms and clinical significance of changes in these laboratory parameters. In this review, current concepts of the structure and metabolism of HDL will be briefly summarized, and the factors influencing their levels in humans will be surveyed. 313 references.
Injectable Lidocaine Provides Similar Analgesia Compared to Transdermal Lidocaine/Tetracaine Patch for the Incision and Drainage of Skin Abscesses: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Local anesthesia used for incision and drainage of abscesses is known to be painful. Study Objective We studied the analgesia provided by a lidocaine/tetracaine patch compared to injectable lidocaine during incision and drainage (ID 95% confidence interval [CI] 45.2–55.1) to those receiving the transdermal lidocaine/tetracaine patch (60.1 mm ± 11.0; 95% CI=55.2–68.1), p = 0.04, with a power of 80% to detect a difference of 20 mm at p ≤ 0.05; although this was statistically significant, it was not clinically significant. There was also no statistical difference between the two groups in the postprocedure pain scores ( p = 0.65). Conclusion Local injection of lidocaine provided clinically similar analgesia compared to the lidocaine/tetracaine patch during I&D of skin abscesses in the ED. Pain at presentation and after the procedure was similar in both groups. Emergency physicians should continue to use a local injected anesthetic for I&D of skin abscesses until a less painful alternative is identified.
The application of spectroscopic studies of the aurora to thermospheric neutral composition

Abstract The relationship between selected auroral emission features and the relative atomic oxygen abundance in the auroral thermosphere is investigated using observations acquired at Poker Flat, Alaska, and model results from an electron transport code. The emission rate ratio I(7320) I(4278) due to transitions in O+ and N+2 ions, respectively, is computed for a range of characteristic energies of auroral electron precipitation using the transport model. Simultaneous measurements of I(7320) I(4278) and I(6300) during several nights of observations yield an empirical functional relationship between the characteristic energy and the “red to blue” ratio, I(6300) I(4278) , independently of any assumed excitation mechanisms. The I(8446) I(4278) ratio (where the 8446 A line results from an allowed transition in atomic oxygen) predicted by the model is compared with a large set of observed ratios to establish the magnitude of the scaling factor required to change the relative abundance of atomic oxygen given by the MS1S-86 empirical model. Using the ratio method we show that on 25 September 1987, a day with strong auroral activity, half of the original atomic oxygen in the gas column whence the auroral emissions originated disappeared during the course of the night.
Structure and process in occupational mobility

Abstract The distinction between structure and process in occupational mobility has been a dominant theme in contemporary research. While successive attempts to “solve” the structure/process dilemma have typically focused on new methodological procedures, we emphasize the conceptual issues underlying the distinction as a basis for further analysis. We introduce a simple two-stage model for the specification of mobility structure and process and use this model to evaluate current methodological “solutions” to the analysis of mobility.
Crystalline electric fields and the magnetic ground state of the Heusler intermetallic YbRh 2 Pb

We have synthesized an intermetallic compound with a distorted Heusler structure, ${\text{YbRh}}_{2}\text{Pb}$. We present a study of the magnetic, thermal, and transport properties. Heat capacity measurements revealed that ${\text{YbRh}}_{2}\text{Pb}$ magnetically orders below ${T}_{N}=0.57\text{ }\text{K}$ from a paramagnetic state with substantial crystal electric field splitting. Magnetic field further splits the ground state, which leads to the suppression of magnetic order in ${\text{YbRh}}_{2}\text{Pb}$.
Transfer in the A-B, C-B paradigm as a function of stimulus class!

The effect of the relationship between the form-classes of the stimulus components in the A-B, C-B transfer paradigm was investigated. Relative to the A-B, C-D paradigm, significant negative transfer was found when A and C were from the same class (both nonsense syllables). When A and C were from different classes (adjectives or geometric figures and nonsense syllables), less negative transfer occurred. The results were interpreted in terms of R-S interference as a source of negative transfer in the C-B paradigm, with the degree of interference being a function of the similarity between the form-classes of the stimuli for the two lists.
Corn Fertilized with Municipal Sludge in the Diet of Chicks and Hens

Abstract Duplicate experiments, each of 21 days duration, were conducted with day-old broiler-type chicks to study the influence of replacing one-half or all of the normal dietary corn complement with corn grown on soil fertilized with municipal sludge. Neither level of sludge fertilized corn had any adverse effect upon final body weights or daily feed intake. The feed conversion values of Experiment 1 were not significantly influenced by treatment; however, a statistically significant decrease of efficiency was noted for the all-sludge fertilized corn treatment of Experiment 2. In experiments with laying hens, the partial or total substitution of sludge fertilized corn for that produced with commercial fertilizer had no statistically significant effects upon any of the production parameters measured in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the 100% sludge fertilized corn treatment was associated with a significant increase in daily feed intake and final body weight. Hatchability parameters and taste panel results for eggs indicated no significant relationship to dietary treatment. Mineral values of liver, kidney, and muscle tissues from hens and broilers were not influenced by dietary treatment.
Crystal structure and optical properties of erbium- and neodymium-doped zirconia nanoparticles

We report the synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of high-temperature stable lanthanide-doped luminescent zirconia nanoparticles via a novel method using carbon black as template. Dopant concentrations were varied from 1 to 5% of Er3+ or Nd3+ and annealing temperatures were varied from 650 to 1100 °C. The effects of the dopant concentration on crystal structure and emission properties were evaluated using x-ray powder diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The lanthanide cations were found to stabilize the tetragonal phase of zirconia over the monoclinic phase as dopant concentration was increased to 5%. Increasing the annealing temperature to 1100 °C had the opposite effect and was found to stabilize the monoclinic phase of zirconia. The luminescence intensity of the Nd-doped zirconia was enhanced by two orders of magnitude over the undoped or Er-doped zirconia. In all cases, the luminescence spectra revealed increasing intensity with increasing annealing temperature. Zirconia luminescence at near-infrared wavelengths is likely caused by oxygen vacancies. This work demonstrates that the spectral signatures of fluorescent zirconia nanoparticles can be modified with small lanthanide dopant concentration. These particles will have utility in fluorescent sensors and tags, as well as new in refractory materials.
Leflunomide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and highly morbid disease affecting approximately 1% of the world’s population. With the advent of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, patients are increasingly able to maintain control of their arthritis and prevent joint destruction. However, not all patients respond adequately to any single disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, and many newer parenteral therapies are cost prohibitive. Leflunomide, an inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis, is the first oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drug to have been approved for rheumatoid arthritis in the USA in the last 15 years, and is now widely used in over 70 countries around the world. Leflunomide is efficacious when used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and is generally well tolerated. As clinical use increases, new ways to use leflunomide in order to minimize toxicity and maximize efficacy are being explored.
Defective T-cell response in beige mutant mice

A role for T cells in immune surveillance has long been suggested1, but the lack of high tumour incidence in T cell-deficient nude mice represented a challenge to this hypothesis. The discovery of natural killer (NK) cells, which can lyse tumour cells without any previous sensitization, and high NK levels in nude mice, suggested that these cells may constitute a first line of defence against spontaneously arising tumours in vivo2. Reports3–5 of a selective NK deficiency and normal T-cell function in C57BL/6 mice carrying the beige mutation (bg/bg) suggested that these mice might be useful for assessing the relative importance of T-cell and NK-cell systems in immune surveillance. However we report here that the deficiency of beige mice is not restricted to NK cells. The generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in response to alloimmune challenge in vivo or in vitro was markedly impaired in beige mutants. Thus our results do not support the suggestion3,5 that beige mice might be useful as a model of a selective NK deficiency.
GROUP SOCIAL PATTERNS AS INFLUENCED BY REMOVAL AND LATER REINTRODUCTION OF THE DOMINANT MALE RHESUS

The dominant male in a rhesus monkey group was removed from the group and returned after a period of one month. During the period of his removal the social activities of the remaining males increased. Upon return the dominant male assumed his former position showing increased social activity whereas the activities of other males were reduced.
Depth of penetration of methylene blue in mandibular cortical bone.

Background Surgeons treating keratinizing odontogenic tumors (KOT) and other intrabony lesions frequently use methylene blue as an adjunct in peripheral ostectomy in estimating the depth of bone that has been removed. Depth of methylene blue penetration in cortical bone has not been evaluated. Study Design Specimens of mandible harvested from 9 fresh unembalmed cadaveric mandibles were stained with methylene blue. A microcaliper was used to measure total thickness of the cortical specimen along with the amount of dye penetration within the cortical block to the nearest 0.1 mm. Results Average depth of dye penetration was 0.48 mm in the symphysis. Average dye penetration was 0.53 mm in the body. Average depth of penetration of 0.42 mm in the angle. Conclusions The use of methylene blue as a depth gauge to ensure adequate ostectomy with a single application of the dye may be inadequate to ensure complete removal of lesion from bony wall.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Management of Giant Coronary Aneurysms

A61-year-old man with a history of coronary artery aneurysms was referred to our institution for evaluation of dyspnea on exertion. Coronary artery bypass of the aneurysms had been performed 2 years earlier. Although it was reported that the aneurysms had been ligated, coronary angiography revealed large residual aneurysms of the right and left circumflex arteries (top left, Figures 1⇓ and 2⇓), with patent bypass grafts. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated that the aneurysms were >7 cm in diameter and lined with considerable thrombus (top right, Figures 1 …
¿De Guatemala a Guate-Peor? Guatemalan Military Interventionism, 1944-1970

This article breaks with traditional interpretations of Latin American military politics and instead sees Guatemalan civil-military relations and military interventionism as an unintended result of the high-minded goals of Guatemala's 1944-1954 revolution, rather than as a function of illegitimate or unconstitutional aspirations for power. Beginning in 1945 and perceiving the military as the true defender of la Patria (the Fatherland), Guatemala's revolutionaries created a legal framework wherein an autonomous military could intervene against alleged arbitrary presidential behavior or perceived violations of the constitution. Seen in this light, the notion of military "antipolitics" moves beyond the realm of military overzealousness, and places intervention, at least in Guatemala, within the realm of legal justification and constitutional mandate.
Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918, Jeffrey B. Perry, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009

Abstract Jeffrey B. Perry’s biography of Hubert Harrison restores the legacy of a central figure in the history of Black radicalism. Though largely forgotten today, Harrison was acknowledged by his early-twentieth-century peers as ‘the father of Harlem radicalism’. Author of pioneering analyses of white supremacy’s role in American capitalism, proponent of armed self-defence among African-Americans, and anti-colonial intellectual, Harrison played a central role in the development of Black politics in the United States. This review traces Harrison’s journey from socialist organiser to Black nationalist, considering its implications for the history of American radicalism.
Chromium supplementation of human subjects: Effects on glucose, insulin, and lipid variables

Seventy-six normal, free-living subjects were given supplements of 200 micrograms chromium (Cr) in the form of chromic chloride or a placebo in a double-blind crossover study with 3-month experimental periods. Twenty of the 76 subjects had serum glucose concentrations greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL 90 minutes after a glucose challenge (1 g glucose per kilogram of body weight). Chromium supplementation significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) the 90-minute glucose concentration of these subjects from 135 +/- 9 to 116 +/- 11 mg/dL; fasting glucose concentrations also decreased significantly. The 90-minute serum glucose levels of the 35 subjects with glucose concentrations less than the fasting serum glucose level were increased significantly by Cr supplementation, from 71 +/- 1 to 81 +/- 4 mg/dL. Fasting and 90-minute serum glucose concentrations of the remaining subjects who displayed 90-minute glucose concentrations greater than fasting levels but less than 100 mg/dL were not affected by Cr supplementation. In this study, immunoreactive serum insulin concentration, body weight, lipids, and other selected clinical variables did not change significantly during Cr supplementation. These data demonstrate that Cr supplementation decreases the serum glucose levels of subjects with 90-minute glucose concentrations greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL following a glucose challenge, increases serum glucose levels of subjects with 90-minute glucose concentrations less than fasting levels, and has no effect on the serum glucose levels of subjects with 90-minute glucose values similar to but greater than fasting levels.
Effect on Primary Sleep Disorders When Children With ADHD Are Administered Guanfacine Extended Release.

Objective: To evaluate children with ADHD and sleep problems with polysomnography (PSG) after guanfacine extended-release (GXR) administration. Method: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was terminated early due to treatment-emergent concerns after enrolling 29 children aged 6 to 12 years. After >4 weeks dose adjustment and >1 week dose stabilization, 11 children received GXR and 16 controls underwent analyses with PSG. Results: Although GXR improved ADHD symptoms, the primary outcome variable, total sleep time, was shorter in contrast to placebo (−57.32, SD = 89.17 vs. +31.32, SD = 59.54 min, p = .005). Increased time awake after sleep onset per hour of sleep was the primary factor for the reduction. Although rapid eye movement (REM), non-REM, and N3/slow wave sleep times were reduced, these were proportional to the overall sleep reduction. Sedation was common with GXR (73% vs. 6%). Conclusion: Morning-administered GXR resulted in decreased sleep and may contribute to sedation.
Spatial frequency tuning of orientation selective units estimated by oblique masking

Threshold elevations were measured as a function of the spatial frequency of high contrast cosine masks using spatially localized test stimuli with a 1.0 octave bandwidth. The cosine masks were oriented at 14.5 degrees relative to the vertical test patterns in order to average out spatial phase effects. The experiment was repeated for each of 14 test frequencies spanning the range 0.25-22.0 c/deg in 0.5 octave steps. The resulting threshold elevation curves fell into a small number of distinct groups, suggesting the existence of discrete spatial frequency mechanisms in human central vision. The data are shown to be consistent with a model having just six distinct classes of spatial frequency mechanisms in the fovea. Spatial frequency bandwidths of these mechanisms ranged from 2.5 octaves at low frequencies to as narrow as 1.25 octaves at high spatial frequencies. These results require revision of the Wilson and Bergen (1979) [Vision Res. 19, 19-32] model for spatial vision.
Computing S Estimators for Regression and Multivariate Location/Dispersion

Abstract An improved resampling algorithm for S estimators reduces the number of times the objective function is evaluated and increases the speed of convergence. With this algorithm, S estimates can be computed in less time than least median squares (LMS) for regression and minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) for location/scatter estimates with the same accuracy. Here accuracy refers to the randomness due to the algorithm. S estimators are also more statistically efficient than the LMS and MVE estimators, that is, they have less variability due to the randomness of the data.
Hyperfine Interaction of Metamict Zircon Studied by PAC Spectroscopy

Zircon (ZrSiO4) is a common accessory mineral found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and is generally in an amorphous state due to self-irradiation from radioactive impurities. The crystalline structure may be recovered by annealing. We have studied the annealing behavior of a nearly fully metamict zircon specimen by perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Our results are consistent with accepted damage accumulation models and point to a two-stage recovery process for the transition from metamict to crystalline zircon. In all of our experiments PAC overestimates the amorphous fraction as compared to that determined by diffraction experiments, and we propose an explanation for this discrepancy.
Rapid Delivery of Drug Carriers Propelled and Navigated by Catalytic Nanoshuttles

This paper reports the first proof-of-concept of using catalytic nanoshuttles to pick up, transport, and release common drug carriers including biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric particles and liposomes. The rapid transport of a wide size range of drug-loaded particles (100 nm-3.0 μm) with a speed approximately three orders of magnitude faster than that of the particles transported by Brownian motion demonstrates the high propulsion power of the nanoshuttles. The nanoshuttles' navigation ability is illustrated by the transport of the drug carriers through a microchannel from the pick-up to the release microwell. Such ability of nanomotors to rapidly deliver drug-loaded polymeric particles and liposomes to their target destination represents a novel approach towards transporting drug carriers in a target-specific manner. This also potentially addresses the obstacles of current nanoparticle drug delivery, such as off-targeting of particles. While an initial concept of actively transporting therapeutic particles is demonstrated in vitro in this paper, future efforts will focus on practical in vivo motor-based targeted drug delivery in connection to fuel-free nanovehicles.
Suppression of superconductivity in orthorhombic La2-xMxCuO4 (M=Ca,Sr)

Abstract We have extended the calcium solid-solubility limit in La 2-x Ca x CuO 4 to x = 0.2 using synthesis at high oxygen pressure. The superconducting transition temperature increases with doping to 34 K at x = 0.15 and is suppressed for x > 0.15, similar to the Sr-substituted material. At a fixed doping level, the optimum superconducting properties (the highest T c ) are found for flat and square CuO 2 planes.
In situ corrosion monitoring of steam generators

An ac electrochemical technique which meets the basic requirements for an in situ localized corrosion monitor within the secondary coolant of PWR steam generators has been investigated. The technique uses two electrodes to measure the electrochemical impedance of a surface in an occluded region with high heat flux. The impedance is related to the kinetics of corrosion. Marked decreases indicate the onset of a high corrosion rate. Experiments have demonstrated the ability of the technique to determine the onset of corrosion under conditions of high solution resistance and solution agitation due to local boiling. Experiments have shown the technique operates similarly in pressurized 300/sup 0/C water, 1,400 ppM in Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/.
Linoleic acid amides: Effect on cholesteremia and atherosclerosis

Several of a series of linoleic acid amides have been reported to inhibit cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. The three amides which have been studied to the greatest extent are (in order of increasing activity) N-cyclohexyl linoleamide (AC23), N(alpha methylbenzyl) linoleamide (AC223), and N[aplha-phenyl-beta-(p-tolyl)ethyl] linoeamide (AC 485). We have found AC223 to inhibit cholesterol absorption in rats and to slightly inhibit exogenous but not endogenous cholesteremia in rabbits. In a fiber-free diet, AC223 reduces serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels. Rats were also fed a basal semipurified diet with and without AC223. Fecal excretion of labeled exogenous (as [ (14)C] cholesterol) or endogenous (as [14 C] mevalonolactone) steroid was 44 and 43% higher in drug treated groups. The mechanism of hypocholesteremic action of the linoleamides appears to involve inhibition of cholesterol absorption.