cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Mitochondrial Tail Signal/Anchor Sequence Confirms a Requirement for Moderate Hydrophobicity for Targeting

Tail-anchored proteins are a group of membrane proteins oriented with their amino terminus in the cytoplasm and their carboxy terminus embedded in intracellular membranes. This group includes the apoptosis-mediating proteins of the Bcl-2 family as well as the vesicle targeting proteins of the SNARE group, among others. A stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at the extreme carboxy terminus of these proteins serves both as a membrane anchor and as a targeting signal. Tail-anchored proteins are differentially targeted to either the endoplasmic reticulum or the mitochondrial outer membrane and the mechanism which accomplishes this selective targeting is poorly understood. Here we define important characteristics of the signal/anchor region which directs proteins to the mitochondrial outer membrane. We have created an artificial sequence consisting of a stretch of 16 leucines bounded by positively charged amino acids. Using this template we demonstrate that moderate hydrophobicity distinguishes the mitochondrial tail-anchor sequence from that of the endoplasmic reticulum tail-anchor sequence. A change as small as introduction of a single polar residue into a sequence that otherwise targets to the endoplasmic reticulum can substantially switch targeting to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Further we show that a mitochondrially targeted tail-anchor has a higher propensity for the formation of alpha-helical structure than a sequence directing tail-anchored proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

During the past 2 decades, there has been a steady rise in the number of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) undergoing surgery and in the number of programs worldwide dedicated to the diagnosis and management of this patient population. This article discusses the natural history and clinical presentation of CTEPH, the evaluation of patients for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, and the outcomes following surgery, along with a brief review of the procedure as performed at the University of California, San Diego.
Oxaliplatin-Associated Neuropathy: A Review

OBJECTIVE:To review the incidence, mechanism, signs, symptoms, and management of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity.DATA SOURCES:English-language publications from the MEDLINE database (1995–August 2004), published articles, and meeting abstracts were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Relevant data were extracted from published reports and abstracts on studies and case reports of humans with cancer who received oxaliplatin chemotherapy and in vitro studies of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity.DATA SYNTHESIS:Neurotoxicity is a common adverse effect of oxaliplatin that usually presents as peripheral neuropathy. There are 2 forms of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity: acute and chronic. The acute form occurs in >90% of patients and may begin during the infusion or within hours of completion, is usually self-limited, and may be exacerbated by exposure to cold. Chronic neuropathy is cumulative and is most commonly seen in patients who have received total doses ≥540 mg/m2. Although it is a sensory neuropathy, ...
Ectopic ovary at ectopic pregnancy.

Fig. 1. Twisted left tubal ectopic pregnancy with ectopic left ovary (OV). A 33-year-old woman presented at the emergency department with a 3-day history of abdominal pain and mild vaginal bleeding at 7 weeks amenorrhea. She was anxious but with stable vital signs (blood pressure 115/78 mmHg, pulse rate 86). The serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin level was 1226 IU/mL, and transvaginal ultrasonography, done with moderate discomfort, revealed hemoperitoneum, an empty uterus, and an adnexal mass adjacent to the left ovary suggestive of a tubal ectopic pregnancy. Emergency laparoscopy revealed a twisted left tubal ectopic pregnancy wrapping around a left ectopic ovary attached near the uterosacral ligament. The ovary had no ovarian or infundibulopelvic ligament but only rudimentary vascular attachment to the base of the broad ligament lateral to the uterosacral ligament (Fig. 1). The right ovary was normal with no aberration to its ovarian and infundibulopelvic ligaments. The uterus was normal, and both ureters were visualized in their anatomic positions. Ectopic ovary is a rare gynecologic condition. Case reports have described ectopic ovary attached to omentum [1], colon [2], pouch of Douglas [3], inguinal canal [4], and even at the labia majora [5]. The cause of ectopic ovary is unknown, with some attributing the cause to congenital aberration. Others have proposed an acquired mechanism of torsion leading to autoamputation and subsequent reimplantation at an ectopic site. Lachman and Berman [6] divided the origin of ectopic ovary into post surgical implantation, postinflammatory implantation, and true embryological aberration. This case illustrates an interesting finding of ectopic ovary at tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Carbon nanopipettes and microtubes for electrochemical sensing and microfluidics

We present the synthesis of two novel morphologies for carbon tubular structures: Nanopipettes and Micropipes. The synthesis procedures for both these structures are both unique and different from each other and the conventional methods used for carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanopipettes, open at both ends, are made up of a central nanotube (~10-20 nm) surrounded by helical sheets of graphite. Thus nanopipettes have an outer conical structure, with a base size of about a micron, that narrows down to about 10-20 nm at the tip. Due to their unique morphology, the outer walls of the nanopipettes continuously expose edge planes of graphite, giving a very stable and reversible electrochemical response for detecting neurological compounds such as dopamine. The synthesis of carbon nanopipettes is based on high temperature nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes under conditions of hydrogen etching during growth. Carbon micropipes, on the other hand, are tubular structures whose internal diameters range from a few nanometers to a few microns with a constant wall thickness of 10-20 nm. In addition to tuning the internal diameters, the conical angles of these structures could also be changed during synthesis. Due to their larger inner diameters and thin walls, both the straight and conical micro-tubular structures are suitable for microfluidic devices such as throttle valves, micro-reactors, and distribution channels. The synthesis of carbon micro-tubular structures is based on the wetting behavior of gallium with carbon during growth. The contact angle between gallium and the carbon wall determines the conical angle of the structure. By varying the contact angle, one can alter the conical angles from 400 to -150, and synthesize straight tubes using different N2/O2 dosing compositions. An 'n-step' dosing sequence at various stages of growth resulted in 'n-staged' morphologies for carbon micro-tubular structures such as funnels, tube-on-cone, Y-junctions and dumbbells.
Verilog library development using Cadence Central Delay Calculator

The Honeywell Solid State Electronics Center (SSEC) is a semiconductor supplier that offers a variety of products and services such as sensors, memories and ASIC libraries and toolkits. The Honeywell rad-hard RICMOS ASIC libraries have traditionally been based on the Mentor platform, but recently, an effort was undertaken to develop a Verilog capability for customers who wanted to use Verilog. This paper outlines the Verilog design methodology developed by Honeywell, and how the Verilog library development effort used new tools such as the new Cadence Central Delay Calculator to implement the timing simulation and back-annotation capabilities. >
Life science data analysis workflow development using the bioextract server leveraging the iPlant collaborative cyberinfrastructure

Summary In order to handle the vast quantities of biological data gener6ated by high-throughput experimental technologies, the BioExtract Server (bioextract.org) has leveraged iPlant Collaborative (www.iplantcollaborative.org) functionality to help address big data storage and analysis issues in the bioinformatics field. The BioExtract Server is a Web-based, workflow-enabling system that offers researchers a flexible environment for analyzing genomic data. It provides researchers with the ability to save a series of BioExtract Server tasks (e.g., query a data source, save a data extract, and execute an analytic tool) as a workflow and the opportunity for researchers to share their data extracts, analytic tools, and workflows with collaborators. The iPlant Collaborative is a community of researchers, educators, and students working to enrich science through the development of cyberinfrastructure—the physical computing resources, collaborative environment, virtual machine resources, and interoperable analysis software and data services—that are essential components of modern biology. The iPlant AGAVE Advanced Programming Interface, developed through the iPlant Collaborative, is a hosted, Software-as-a-Service resource providing access to a collection of high performance computing and cloud resources. Leveraging AGAVE, the BioExtract Server gives researchers easy access to multiple high performance computers and delivers computation and storage as dynamically allocated resources via the Internet. © 2014 The Authors. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Colorimetric anion chemosensors based on anthraquinone: naked-eye detection of isomeric dicarboxylate and tricarboxylate anions

Three new colorimetric anion receptors 1–3 were synthesized and characterized. Among them, both 1 and 3 showed good sensitivity and selectivity for discrimination of maleatevs. fumarate or malatevs. tartrate by dramatic colour changes in DMSO or DMSO–H2O (95 : 5). Thus, both 1 and 3 can be used as optical chemosensors for recognition of maleatevs. fumarate or malatevs. tartrate anion. Besides that, the receptor 1 has also a unique colour change for recognition of either cis-aconitate or trans-aconitate in DMSO, accordingly it can be used for detection of each isomer and discrimination of cis-aconitate from trans-aconitate anion.
Ambulation in simulated fractional gravity using lower body positive pressure: cardiovascular safety and gait analyses

The purpose of this study is to assess cardiovascular responses to lower body positive pressure (LBPP) and to examine the effects of LBPP unloading on gait mechanics during treadmill ambulation. We...
A practical analytic single scattering model for real time rendering

We consider real-time rendering of scenes in participating media, capturing the effects of light scattering in fog, mist and haze. While a number of sophisticated approaches based on Monte Carlo and finite element simulation have been developed, those methods do not work at interactive rates. The most common real-time methods are essentially simple variants of the OpenGL fog model. While easy to use and specify, that model excludes many important qualitative effects like glows around light sources, the impact of volumetric scattering on the appearance of surfaces such as the diffusing of glossy highlights, and the appearance under complex lighting such as environment maps. In this paper, we present an alternative physically based approach that captures these effects while maintaining real time performance and the ease-of-use of the OpenGL fog model. Our method is based on an explicit analytic integration of the single scattering light transport equations for an isotropic point light source in a homogeneous participating medium. We can implement the model in modern programmable graphics hardware using a few small numerical lookup tables stored as texture maps. Our model can also be easily adapted to generate the appearances of materials with arbitrary BRDFs, environment map lighting, and precomputed radiance transfer methods, in the presence of participating media. Hence, our techniques can be widely used in real-time rendering.
Mapping Gender and Poetic Role in Early Medieval Poetry

AbstractThis article examines the indeterminacy of gender and poetic roles of early five-syllable poems (wu yan shi 五言詩). The indeterminacy pervasive in early poetry came to be perceived as a problem beginning in the late third century. A comparison between some early five-syllable poems and their later variations, imitations, and interpretations suggests conscious clarifications of ambiguity and fluidity made by early medieval writers and literary scholars. By the fifth and sixth centuries, relatively indeterminate gender and poetic roles were gradually forced into a neat “map” of more determinate ones in poetic expressions. Certain sentiments and expressions came to be associated with a specific gender or particular identity. This map became an important part of poetic conventions for later writers and it also had a profound influence on our understanding of early poetry. This article explores reasons for changes in the view of gender and poetic roles in greater cultural and literary contexts of the ear...
Relating fisher information to detectability of changes in nodule characteristics with CT

Fisher information provides a bound on the variance of any unbiased estimate for estimation tasks involving nonrandom parameters. In addition, a Fisher information approximation for ideal-observer detectability has been derived. We adopt and generalize such an approximation to establish a method to assess a system's ability to detect small changes in lesion characteristics. By representing the lesion by a size parameter, the ability to detect small changes can be approximated by a function involving the size difference and the Fisher information. A concept, termed the approximated least required difference (ALRD), is introduced and evaluated as an upper bound for assessing a system's power in size discrimination. We present a simulation study for lung nodules as an example to illustrate such a framework, where the image model incorporates a simulated CT imaging system, a thorax background and parameterized nodules. The noise is assumed to be multivariate Gaussian and the noise power spectrum (NPS) method is used to estimate the covariance matrix for the Fisher information calculation. In addition to bounding performance, our results also provide insights into factors, including nodule characteristics and acquisition parameters, that influence ALRD performance. This framework can be extended to connect other discrimination and estimation tasks, facilitating objective assessment and optimization of quantitative imaging systems.
2D and 3D Heterogeneous Photonic Integration for Future Microsystems

We will discuss 2D and 3D heterogeneous integration technologies aiming at realizing microsystems for applications in future communication, computing, and imaging systems. The 3D photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platform exploits direct inscribing of arbitrarily shaped waveguides using femtosecond lasers. Article not available.
Muscle fiber type diversification during exercise and regeneration

The plasticity of skeletal muscle can be traced down to extensive metabolic, structural and molecular remodeling at the single fiber level. Skeletal muscle is comprised of different fiber types that are the basis of muscle plasticity in response to various functional demands. Resistance and endurance exercises are two external stimuli that differ in their duration and intensity of contraction and elicit markedly different responses in muscles adaptation. Further, eccentric contractions that are associated with exercise-induced injuries, elicit varied muscle adaptation and regenerative responses. Most adaptive changes are fiber type-specific and are highly influenced by diverse structural, metabolic and functional characteristics of individual fiber types. Regulation of signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress also plays an important role in muscle fiber adaptation during exercise. This review focuses on cellular and molecular responses that regulate the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise and exercise-related injuries.
Predicting Which Teams Will Make the NBA Playoffs

The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the premier men’s professional basketball league in the world. Thirty teams vie for the sixteen spots in order to compete for the Larry O’Brien NBA Finals Championship Trophy. In this paper, we introduce a logistic regression model that can be used to predict which teams will make the playoffs at any given point in the NBA season. In addition, we discuss potential applications of this ranking scheme that can be used by an NBA front office, as well as “arm-chair” GMs playing fantasy sports. More importantly, we move beyond the rankings that are commonly seen on the popular websites by providing a measure of uncertainty associated with our predictions. Finally, we introduce an Rpackage (ballr) that can be used to access data from basketball-reference.com.
Heuristic Routing Mechanism in ICN

Internet has become a social infrastructure.The current Internet architecture based on TCP/IP is faced with many challenges.This fact makes the clean slate design of future Internet architecture represented by Information-Centric Networking(ICN)become a hot research topic.In this paper,a heuristic routing mechanism in ICN was proposed.On the basis of name-based routing,aprocedure was devised to look for other available interface through which the backtracking-condition-met interest packet will be forwarded,which can reduce the network blocking rate.Moreover,Forwarding Information Base(FIB)of neighbor nodes will be modified when data packets go through a router,which can realize the efficient use of cache.In addition,a concept of "popularity" was introduced to improve the Content Store(CS)hit rate.The proposed routing mechanism was implemented on INTERNET2 by simulation.The experimental results show that it is feasible and effective.
THE DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT AND BOUND WATER TYPE ON HYDRO-CLAY SURFACE BY THERMAL-WEIGHTLESSNESS

Thermal-weightlessness is utilized to determine the type, boundary line and relative content of bound water on montmorillonite and the results of isothermal adsorption have been compared. The results show that each water relative content and total water mass on hydro-montmorillonite by the method are inconsistent to them by isothermal adsorption. Thermal weight loss analysis(25～250℃) results show that water on hydro-mont-morillonite is free water, loose bound water and strong bound water which respectively corresponding to the water loss in 25～75℃, 75～120℃, and 120～230℃. According to thermal-weightlessness regularity (25～250℃), it also has two clear turning points which are P/P_s=0.9、0. 98, the two turning points are the special humidity of clay-water system. The relative vapor pressure 0.9 is the boundary, line between the strong bound water and the loose bound water (osmotic bound water) on clays, the relative vapor pressure 0.98 is the boundary line between the loose bound water and free water on clays. The method verifies the "two special humidity" by isothermal adsorption and the boundary line of bound water on days.
About Vectorial Splitting Rational $$L_{p}$$ Inequalities for Integral Operators

Here we present \(L_{p}\), \(p>1\), vectorial integral inequalities for products of multivariate convex and increasing functions applied to vectors of ratios of functions.
PhyloBot: A Web Portal for Automated Phylogenetics, Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction, and Exploration of Mutational Trajectories.

The method of phylogenetic ancestral sequence reconstruction is a powerful approach for studying evolutionary relationships among protein sequence, structure, and function. In particular, this approach allows investigators to (1) reconstruct and “resurrect” (that is, synthesize in vivo or in vitro) extinct proteins to study how they differ from modern proteins, (2) identify key amino acid changes that, over evolutionary timescales, have altered the function of the protein, and (3) order historical events in the evolution of protein function. Widespread use of this approach has been slow among molecular biologists, in part because the methods require significant computational expertise. Here we present PhyloBot, a web-based software tool that makes ancestral sequence reconstruction easy. Designed for non-experts, it integrates all the necessary software into a single user interface. Additionally, PhyloBot provides interactive tools to explore evolutionary trajectories between ancestors, enabling the rapid generation of hypotheses that can be tested using genetic or biochemical approaches. Early versions of this software were used in previous studies to discover genetic mechanisms underlying the functions of diverse protein families, including V-ATPase ion pumps, DNA-binding transcription regulators, and serine/threonine protein kinases. PhyloBot runs in a web browser, and is available at the following URL: http://www.phylobot.com. The software is implemented in Python using the Django web framework, and runs on elastic cloud computing resources from Amazon Web Services. Users can create and submit jobs on our free server (at the URL listed above), or use our open-source code to launch their own PhyloBot server.
Lexical Impairments Following Brain Injury

This article summarizes various types of lexical retrieval impairments that can occur as a result of acquired brain injury. Lexical impairments, or naming deficits, are a hallmark of almost all aphasia types. However, lesion studies of patients with damage to specific brain areas have indicated that lexical retrieval impairments retrieval can occur in isolation, and in these cases the term anomic aphasia applies. It has also been shown that when anomic aphasia occurs, it can manifest itself differently depending on the neural structures that were damaged. For example, specific lexical impairments for unique people and places, animals, and tools have been observed in patients with damage to the left temporal lobe. Differential neural structures have also been implicated in the processes required for lexical retrieval of nouns versus verbs. This article describes the nature and types of lexical deficits, as well as the neural substrates that are involved.
Dalitz Analysis of D0 to K$0\atop{S}$π+π- and Measurement of the CKM Angle γa in Charged B± Decays to D(*) K± Decays

Despite more than thirty years having elapsed since the discovery of CP violation, our understanding about the source and the nature of this phenomenon is still very limited. In the standard model of particle physics, CP violation is due to the presence of an non-irreducible weak phase in the Cabibbo-Kabayashi-Maskawa(CKM) matrix. Up to now, all the experimental results are in good agreement with the standard model. However, it is important for us to over-constrain the CKM quark-mixing matrix and explore the possibility of new physics beyond the standard model. The B meson provides an ideal place to measure CP violation due to its heavy mass and potentially large CP-violating effects. In particular, the angle {gamma} of the Unitary Triangle relating the elements of the CKM matrix is extremely crucial in terms of CP violation and constraints on the new physics models. Various methods using B{sup -} {yields} D{sup 0}K{sup -} decays have been proposed to measure based on the interference between the V{sub cb} and V{sub ub} amplitudes. Despite the simple concept, the measurement turns out to be experimentally challenging due to the small branching fraction and the small value of {tau}{sub B}, the amplitude ratio between the two contributingmore » Feynman diagrams. In this thesis a novel technique to measure {gamma} in B{sup -} {yields} D{sup (*)} K{sup -} decay using a Dalitz plot analysis of D{sup 0} {yields} K{sub s}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} is presented. Until the turn on of LHC{sub b} [1] later in the decade, this remains the most promising method to measure {gamma}. This thesis is roughly separated into two parts. The first part involves a study of hadron spectroscopy and the Dalitz plot analysis of the D{sup 0} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}. The second part of the thesis involves the measurement of {gamma} in B{sup -} {yields} D{sup (*)} K{sup -} using the results of the D{sup 0} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} dalitz plot analysis.« less
Efficient PAC-optimal exploration in concurrent, continuous state MDPs with delayed updates

We present a new, efficient PAC optimal exploration algorithm that is able to explore in multiple, continuous or discrete state MDPs simultaneously. Our algorithm does not assume that value function updates can be completed instantaneously, and maintains PAC guarantees in realtime environments. Not only do we extend the applicability of PAC optimal exploration algorithms to new, realistic settings, but even when instant value function updates are possible, our bounds present a significant improvement over previous single MDP exploration bounds, and a drastic improvement over previous concurrent PAC bounds. We also present TCE, a new, fine grained metric for the cost of exploration.
Carl Henry and the Evangelical Antipathy Toward Natural Law

Perhaps the most distinctive change in American politics over the past thirty years or so has been the mobilization of theologically conservative evangelicals into mainstream electoral politics. Historically, of course, evangelicalism’s political engagement represents more of a "return" than the eruption of something entirely new, but it seems safe to say that evangelicalism’s continued presence and influence in public life has become a worrisome cultural shift for many. They view the main body of evangelical political activity, or at least that part associated with the Christian Right, not as an effort on a part of some citizens to advance a distinctive view of the common good within a broader democratic consensus but instead as a kind of reactionary imposition of outmoded, theocratic, and illiberal policies that run counter to basic American political traditions. Some of the criticisms are miscast – the worry about a looming theocracy seems especially ludicrous – but they gain some purchase because evangelicals themselves have done a remarkably poor job in articulating anything resembling a public political philosophy within which their activism can be framed, explained, and directed.
Proximal clustering between BK and CaV1.3 channels promotes functional coupling and BK channel activation at low voltage

CaV-channel dependent activation of BK channels is critical for feedback control of both calcium influx and cell excitability. Here we addressed the functional and spatial interaction between BK and CaV1.3 channels, unique CaV1 channels that activate at low voltages. We found that when BK and CaV1.3 channels were co-expressed in the same cell, BK channels started activating near -50 mV, ~30 mV more negative than for activation of co-expressed BK and high-voltage activated CaV2.2 channels. In addition, single-molecule localization microscopy revealed striking clusters of CaV1.3 channels surrounding clusters of BK channels and forming a multi-channel complex both in a heterologous system and in rat hippocampal and sympathetic neurons. We propose that this spatial arrangement allows tight tracking between local BK channel activation and the gating of CaV1.3 channels at quite negative membrane potentials, facilitating the regulation of neuronal excitability at voltages close to the threshold to fire action potentials.
Lawyer Ethics Code Drafting in the Twenty-First Century

In 1997, the American Bar Association (“ABA”) created the Commission on the Evaluation of the Rules of Professional Conduct, otherwise known as the Ethics 2000 Commission (“Commission”). The Commission was charged with conducting a comprehensive review of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct (“Model Rules”) to determine what changes were necessary to update the Model Rules and make them relevant to the practice of law in the twenty-first century. In August 2001, the Commission issued a 300-page report recommending numerous changes to the Rules. These recommendations have been considered by the ABA House of Delegates and were largely approved.
Accounts Payable at Rockwell Collins: Process Simulation Model Note

The note provides documentation of a process simulation model that was prepared to simulate the invoicing work of 16 accounts payable analysts described in the case "Accounts Payable at Rockwell Collins" written by Professor Philip C. Jones, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa. Excerpt UVA-OM-1554 Oct. 18, 2016 Accounts Payable at Rockwell Collins: Process Simulation Model Note Contents 2. . . .
Supervised Machine Learning Approaches Predict and Characterize Nanomaterial Exposures: MWCNT Markers in Lung Lavage Fluid.

Globally, carbon nanotubes (CNT) make up 30% of the total engineered nanomaterial market. Within that 30%, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) make up 94% of the total. Recent experimental evidence points towards significant pulmonary toxicity of MWCNTs such as inflammation, sub-pleural fibrosis and granuloma formation, associated with CNTs. Although numerous studies explore the adverse potential of various CNTs, their comparability is often limited. This is due to differences in administered dose, physico-chemical characteristics (e.g. agglomeration/aggregation state, metal impurities, stiffness, length) of the CNTs studied, exposure methods employed, as well as the differences in the end points monitored. In this study, we attempted to address the problem of identifying protein markers consistent across different MWCNT studies through the application of a sparse supervised classification methods. A panel of proteins measured in bronchoalveolar lavage collected from mice at various post-exposure time points and concentrations exposed to two different pristine or as-produced MWCNT, their polymer coated counterparts, or a well-studied reference material, MWCNT-7, were analyzed. The main objective was to take advantage of the power of sparse classification methods in identifying a small number of highly predictive and correlated markers (4 to 7, out of a panel of 52 proteins) that can distinguish exposure to MWCNT and/or be attributable to MWCNT toxicity in mice. Using this approach, we identified a small subset of proteins clearly distinguishing each exposure. MDC/CCL22, in particular, was associated with various MWCNT exposures and was independent of exposure route tested i.e., oropharyngeal aspiration versus inhalation exposure. The approaches presented in this study could enable comparison not only within a class of engineered nanomaterials but between various classes of nanomaterials. This study thus serves as a "proof of concept" that can be expanded to future nanomaterial risk profiling studies by informing decisions related to dose- and time-response relationships and to generate relevant experimental conditions.
Joint Multicast and Unicast Beamforming for Coded Caching

In this paper, we consider a multicell system with cache-equipped base stations (BSs) and users. A coded caching scheme is employed at user ends such that multiple requested file contents can be combined and encoded together at the BS, and decoded successfully at the users. The BSs can then multicast the coded cached content and unicast the uncached content to users. Two different system models are proposed based on different levels of BS cooperation. We formulate the joint multicast and unicast beamformer design problem to maximize the weighted user fairness rate subject to the per BS power constraint. We propose a Riemannian conjugate gradient algorithm to solve the problem, which operates on the multi-sphere manifold of the parameter space and has a low computational complexity but better performance compared with the existing semi-definite relaxation methods. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed systems.
Subclavian Vein Thrombosis Paget-Schroetter Syndrome

This section describes the emergency correct treatment of the syndrome of subclavian vein thrombosis and the three stages that are required to accomplish cure.
Maternal Type 1 Diabetes and Risk of Autism in Offspring.

This cohort study uses electronic health record data to examine associations between maternal diabetes (preexisting type 1, type 2, and gestational) and autism spectrum disorder in children.
A review of level set and fast marching methods for image processing

In recent years, a considerable amount of work has been developed concerning a partial differential equations-based approach to image processing. This work has been focussed on the interplay between geometric motion and non-linear evolution equations, and its applicability to problems in image enhancement and denoising, image segmentation, and shape recognition and classification. In this review article, we provide an overview for some of these ideas.
Results: Effects of Round Trip Times and Connection Structures on Application and Network Performance

In this chapter, we present results for the core set of connection replay experiments conducted for this study. We used combinations of four connection structure models, three round trip time (RTT) emulation models, two network link modes, and two sets of traffic mixes for generating traffic for these experiments. For each experiment, we studied the effect of traffic generation on four performance metrics. Two were application-level metrics: connection durations and epoch response times; two were network-level metrics: router queue length and the number of active connections in the network per unit time.
A Spectrum of Landing Areas for Adsorption and its Relation to Catalyst Selectivity

The concept of multiple landing areas available for adsorption of a gas phase molecule on a solid surface is introduced. The distribution of adsorbed molecules in these different landing areas varies with temperature, pressure and the properties of the surface. Consequently the variation in selectivity and activity of a catalyst can be explained from the landing area point of view. Increasing the pressure favors adsorbed forms on fewer sites. Increasing the temperature may have the same or the opposite effect, depending upon the heats of adsorption for the various landing areas. For catalysts consisting of metal clusters supported on a substrate, a change in the metal dispersion may change the fraction of surface sites available to one or more landing areas. This could explain the facile or demanding nature of activity and/or selectivity of the catalyst. The metal catalyzed hydrogenolysis and isomerization reactions of hydrocarbons are used to illustrate these points. The models agree well with experimental data.
Prospective Validation of Prediction Model for Kidney Discard.

Background.Many kidneys are discarded every year, with 3631 kidneys discarded in 2016 alone. Identifying kidneys at high risk of discard could facilitate “rescue” allocation to centers more likely to transplant them. The Probability of Delay or Discard (PODD) model was developed to identify marginal
Investigation of the molecular characteristics of bisindole inhibitors as HIV-1 glycoprotein-41 fusion inhibitors.

Abstract In previous work, we described 6-6‘-bisindole compounds targeting a hydrophobic pocket on the N-heptad repeat region of viral glycoprotein-41 as effective inhibitors of HIV-1 fusion. Two promising compounds with sub-micromolar IC50's contained a benzoic acid group and a benzoic acid ester attached at the two indole nitrogens. Here we have conducted a thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) study evaluating the contribution of each of the ring systems and various substituents to compound potency. Hydrophobicity, polarity and charge were varied to produce 35 new compounds that were evaluated in binding, cell-cell fusion and viral infectivity assays. We found that (a) activity based solely on increasing hydrophobic content plateaued at ∼ 200 nM; (b) the bisindole scaffold surpassed other heterocyclic ring systems in efficacy; (c) a polar interaction possibly involving Gln575 in the pocket could supplant less specific hydrophobic interactions; and (d) the benzoic acid ester moiety did not appear to form specific contacts with the pocket. The importance of this hydrophobic group to compound potency suggests a mechanism whereby it might interact with a tertiary component during fusion, such as membrane. A promising small molecule 10b with sub-μM activity was discovered with molecular weight
CRICTO: Supporting Sensemaking through Crowdsourced Information Schematization

We present CRICTO, a new crowdsourcing visual analytics environment for making sense of and analyzing text data, whereby multiple crowdworkers are able to parallelize the simple information schematization tasks of relating and connecting entities across documents. The diverse links from these schematization tasks are then automatically combined and the system visualizes them based on the semantic types of the linkages. CRICTO also includes several tools that allow analysts to interactively explore and refine crowdworkers’ results to better support their own sensemaking processes. We evaluated CRICTO’s techniques and analysis workflow with deployments of CRICTO using Amazon Mechanical Turk and a user study that assess the effect of crowdsourced schematization in sensemaking tasks. The results of our evaluation show that CRICTO’s crowdsourcing approaches and workflow help analysts explore diverse aspects of datasets, and uncover more accurate hidden stories embedded in the text datasets.
Using Blogs as a Strategy to Enhance Students’ Participation and Learning in a Research Methods Course

Research has shown that active learning techniques increase students’ ability to find solutions to problems and help students to think critically about problems. In a technology-driven global arena, in which students will have to compete after they matriculate, effective instruction should advocate effective use of technology incorporating active learning techniques. These techniques should enhance students’ oral and written communication, technological competence, information literacy and critical analysis skills. The purpose of this study is to explore students’ perceptions of blogging as an effective teaching and learning tool for research methods. The study explores if blogging increases students’ performance, if it improves their appreciation of the subject matter and if it reduces their fear/anxiety of the material. The results indicate that blogging could be a viable and effective tool to engage and impact students’ performance.
Analysis and Design of a Six Axis Truss Type of Force Sensor

A new six axis force sensor for robotic applications is discussed. The uniqueness of the design lies in the elastic members which exhibit truss behavior (axial deformation), as opposed to the commonly used beam (bending) behavior. Several improvements over previous designs result with respect to the latest sensor evaluation criteria, including: consistently low condition numbers, increased rigidity, and improved design flexibility. An optimization method is also presented and results are shown which demonstrates that good designs may be obtained for a variety of principal force sets.
Screening and Managing Melanoma: Who Is (Should Be) Doing It?

The detection and management of melanoma is moving toward a more interdisciplinary approach. This review provides a specialty-based framework to characterize the roles of dermatologists and non-dermatologist healthcare professionals in detecting and managing cutaneous melanoma and data on outcomes of management by specialty and training. Dermatologists manage thinner, earlier stage melanoma compared with surgical specialties and have higher survival rates than non-dermatologists. While teledermatology, primary care physicians, and advance practice practitioners offer potential solutions to the shortage of dermatologists, there is insufficient data demonstrating comparable detection and management outcomes to those of dermatologists. Multidisciplinary melanoma clinic (MDMC) models for melanoma management are emerging as settings for collaborative care. Early detection and diagnosis of melanoma is vital to prognosis, so the involvement of non-dermatologist healthcare professionals is important to providing timely care to patients. Increased education for detecting melanoma can increase the incidental detection of early melanoma by non-dermatologist healthcare professionals. While there is no consensus on who should be managing melanoma, collaborative care in MDMCs may become more important as treatment options for earlier disease continue to rise.
A Novel Robotic-Assisted Technique to Implant the Responsive Neurostimulation System.

Background The responsive neurostimulation system (RNS) (NeuroPace Inc, Mountain View, California) was approved as an adjunctive therapy for medically refractory focal epilepsy. RNS detects epileptiform patterns and delivers electrical stimulation to abort seizures. Objective To describe a novel technique of RNS lead implantation using robotic-assisted targeting of ictal-onset zones based on stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) localization. Secondary objectives are to report the accuracy of robotic-assisted lead implantation using the ROSA robot as well as to report the clinical outcome achieved after RNS implantation by this method. Methods A total of 16 patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy underwent sEEG implantation for ictal-onset localization followed by robotic RNS implantation. The electrode most correlative with ictal onset on sEEG was chosen as the target for the RNS electrode. Seizure control was measured at 6-mo and 1-yr follow-up. Ictal-onset electrocorticography (ECoG) data from RNS were compared with ictal onset from sEEG leads based on calculations of lead target to actual lead location from the ROSA robot. Results At 6-mo follow-up, the average percent seizure reduction was 82% based upon self-reported seizure diaries. At 1-yr follow-up, 8 patients had an average of 90% seizure reduction. The location of seizure onset from ECoG data show similar onset from sEEG leads within 0.165-mm discrepancy. Conclusion The ROSA robot provides an ideal method for targeting subcortical ictal-onset zones. This method of RNS lead implantation achieves high accuracy and is associated with favorable clinical outcomes.
RPE65 Palmitoylation: A Tale of Lipid Posttranslational Modification

RPE65, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) membrane-associated retinoid isomerase, plays an indispensable role in sustaining visual function in vertebrates. An important aspect which has attracted considerable attention is the posttranslational modification by S-palmitoylation of RPE65. Some studies show that RPE65 is a palmitoylated protein, but others deny that conclusion. While it is considered to be mainly responsible for RPE65's membrane association, we still lack conclusive evidence about RPE65 palmitoylation. In this review, we provide an overview of the history and current understanding of RPE65 palmitoylation.
Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Wound Healing by Serotonin

Purpose: Injury to the intestinal mucosa with loss of epithelial barrier integrity is a pathophysiologic hallmark of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Several key mediators of gastrointestinal wound healing have been identified including prostanoids synthesized via cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) may also regulate wound healing as recent evidence suggests that 5-HT is a pro-inflammatory paracrine signaling molecule. Intestinal mucosal 5-HT is synthesized in the enterochromaffin (EC) cell from tryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase type 1 (TPH1). 5-HT is released from the EC cell and its clearance and extracellular levels …
Goodness-of-fit Tests for Correlated Bilateral Data from Multiple Groups

Correlated bilateral data often arise in ophthalmological and otolaryngological studies, where responses of paired body parts of each subject are measured. A number of statistical methods have been proposed to tackle this intra-class correlation problem, and in practice it is important to choose the most suitable one which fits the observed data well. Tang et al. (Stat Methods Med Res 21(4):331–345, 2012, [16]) compared different goodness-of-fit statistics for correlated data including only two groups. In this article, we investigate the general situation for \(g\ge 2\) groups. Our simulation results show that the performance of the goodness-of-fit test methods, as measured by the power and the type I error rate, is model depending. The observed performance difference is more significant in scenario with small sample size and/or highly dependent data structure. Examples from ophthalmologic studies are used to illustrate the application of these goodness-of-fit test methods.
Unique Characteristics of the Type B Aortic Dissection Patients with Malperfusion in the Vascular Quality Initiative

Abstract Objective Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) complicated by malperfusion carries high morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to compare the characteristics of malperfusion and uncomplicated cohorts and to evaluate the long-term differences in survival using a granular, national registry. Methods Patients with TBAD entered into the thoracic endovascular aortic repair/complex endovascular aortic repair module of the Vascular Quality Initiative from 2010 to 2019 were included. The demographic, radiographic, operative, postoperative, in-hospital, and long-term reintervention data were compared between the malperfusion and uncomplicated TBAD groups using t tests and χ2 analysis, as appropriate. Overall survival was compared using Cox regression to generate survival curves. Results Of the 2820 included patients, 2267 had uncomplicated TBAD and 553 had malperfusion. The patients with malperfusion were younger (age, 55.8 vs 61.2 years; P Conclusions Patients presenting with TBAD and malperfusion represent a unique cohort. Despite the greater need for branch vessel stenting and in-hospital reintervention, they had similar long-term reintervention rates and survival compared with those with uncomplicated TBAD. These data lend insight with regard to the observed differences between uncomplicated and malperfusion TBAD.
Killing Communists: Stalinist Repression and the “Great Terror” in the Soviet Union

This chapter examines the impact of Stalinist repression during the Great Terror of 1935–1939 on the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It traces the spread of repression after the Kirov murder from the first arrests of the assassin and his small circle to a mass repression that engulfed the Party from top to bottom. Focusing on the local level, it reveals the internal dynamics of fear, confession, and mutual denunciation that led to more arrests and eventually paralyzed the Party. It argues that the Terror cannot be understood outside the tensions of rapid industrialization and the rise of fascism, which combined with fears of internal enemies to set off repressions that affected every enterprise and organization in Soviet society.
Smart IOT System for Monitoring and Controlling Livestock Parameters

In this paper we consider the products like quality and welfare of animals which are closely related to the environment parameters in livestock building. A monitoring and control method of environmental parameters in livestock buildings based on wireless sensor network is proposed in this system. The parameters like temperature, humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, ammonia concentration, and hydrogen sulfide concentration can be monitored and controlled in real time by this method. These parameters can be adjusted and controlled through WLS algorithm and also can minimize the deviation criteria. Along with this, the system can also track the location of the animals in the livestock building using several tracking nodes placed around the neck of the animal. In addition, the system proposes the ALEXA based voice assistant which is a user friendly system that can assist us to control and monitor the livestock parameters. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method reduces the high labour cost and energy consumption will be decreased.