cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium influx at the outer surface of frog skin : Evaluation of different extracellular markers.

The unidirectional sodium influx across the outside surface of the frog skin epithelium was measured. The method was identical to the one described by Biber and Curran [4] except that mannitol instead of inulin was used as the indicator for the amount of tracer containing test solution remaining on the surface of the skin after blotting. The space of distribution for3H-mannitol is about twice as large as the corresponding space for inulin after 32-sec exposure to the tracer. At a sodium concentration of 6.7mm the sodium influx determined with inulin as marker for the test solution is 0.146 μEquiv hr−1cm−2 larger than the influx measured in the same preparation with mannitol. This difference increases in proportion to the sodium concentration and can be ascribed to diffusion of sodium into a space which is accessible to mannitol but not to inulin during a 30-sec interval. Hence, nearly two-thirds of the previously described linear component of the sodium influx proceeds, as was suspected previously, into a compartment which is not directly connected to net sodium transport across the skin. The nature of the remaining one-third of this linear compartment is not clear but previous experiments suggest that it is also not involved in net sodium transport.
Pharmacoeconomics and the Medicinal Chemist

Pharmacoeconomics is a rational, scientific approach to compare the value (in terms of both cost and patient outcome) of one medication or drug therapy regimen to another. The impact of this new approach on both the practicing medicinal chemist and broader drug discovery efforts is considered.
Under God but Not the Scarf: The Founding Myths of Religious Freedom in the United States and Laïcité in France

In March 2004, the French parliament adopted a law that prohibits public school students from wearing clothing and insignia that "con spicuously manifest a religious affiliation." The law was approved by an overwhelming vote of 494-36 in the National Assembly, 276-20 in the Senate, and was strongly supported by popular opinion throughout France. The momentum for adopting such a law began in March 2003, when Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin of the governing conserva tive party UMP (Union pour un Mouvement Populaire) said in a radio interview that Muslim headscarves should "absolutely" be prohibited in public schools. A string of endorsements for such a law followed dur ing the next few months, culminating in a December 2003 speech by President Jacques Chirac, also of the UMP, in which he similarly pro posed that a law be adopted. Although the highest French administra tive court (the Conseil d'Etat) had ruled as early as 1989 that French children have the constitutional right to wear religious insignia to school, and although many scholars of religion and law believed the law would be a bad idea, the Socialist Party joined arms with the conserva tives in the cause that had the support of a majority of the French population. For many Americans, the French effort to prohibit children from wearing religious clothing and insignia at schools may well exemplify their suspicions about prevailing anti-religious attitudes in France. The most recent attack on religious clothing, particularly the Islamic head scarf, might appear to be yet another manifestation of the excessive
Analysis and Countermeasures on Missing Report of Occupational Diseases

Objective Occupational disease report requires the report to be timely,comprehensive,accurate,and standardize.The authors analyse the missing reasons of the reports on acute occupational poisoning,pesticide poisoning,pneumoconiosis,chronic occupational poisoning,harmful workplace monitoring and occupational health surveillance,and point out that 4 aspects i.e.propaganda of relative laws and regulations,establishment and improvement of reporting network,strengthening training courses and stabilization of proffessional team,and enforcement of health supervision and inspection should be vigorously conducted by the health leaders so as to ensure the quality of occupational diseases reporting,to provide true and reliable information for occupational disease prevention.
INSPIRATION OF KIRKPATRICK EVALUATION MODEL TO THE EVALUATION OF THE TRAINING OF EMERGENCY MECHANISM CONSTRUCTION OF DISEASE CONTROL SYSTEM.

Objective:To explore the approaches and methods for training evaluation in emergency mechanism construction of disease control system.Methods:Correlative biblipgrphic database and academic publication of internal and abroad were retrieved by computer and handwork.Results:There is still no identical and effective model or methods for training evaluation in desease control system in China.Conclusion:Kirkpatrick Model can effectually direct the training evaluation of disease control system in our country.
Simulation of Carrier Transport and Hot Phonon Effects in Quantum Well Laser Diodes

We have developed a two dimensional quantum well laser diode simulator (MINI-LASE II). In this presentation a review is given on how the simulator deals with hot electron effects, hot phonon effects and in general with electron and hole transport over and capture into the quantum wells. It is demonstrated that laser diode operation requires the solution of Boltzmann type equations at least within the quantum wells to describe important effects such as nonlinear gain and degradation of the modulation response. This together with the necessity to solve Maxwell’s equations for the optical field makes the laser diode a device of unmatched complexity as far as simulation is concerned.
Mixed valent metals

We review the theory of mixed-valent metals and make comparison with experiments. A single-impurity description of the mixed-valent state is discussed alongside the description of the nearly-integer valent or Kondo limit. The degeneracy N of the f-shell plays an important role in the description of the low-temperature Fermi-liquid state. In particular, for large N, there is a rapid cross-over between the mixed-valent and the Kondo limit when the number of f electrons is changed. We discuss the limitations on the application of the single-impurity description to concentrated compounds such as those caused by the saturation of the Kondo effect and those due to the presence of magnetic interactions between the impurities. This discussion is followed by a description of a periodic lattice of mixed-valent ions, including the role of the degeneracy N. The article concludes with a comparison of theory and experiment. Topics covered include the single-impurity Anderson model, Luttinger's theorem, the Friedel sum rule, the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation, the single-impurity Kondo model, Kondo screening, the Wilson ratio, local Fermi-liquids, Fermi-liquid sum rules, the Nozieres exhaustion principle, Doniach's diagram, the Anderson lattice model, the Slave-Boson method, etc.
Optical transport to open transport in carrier networks

Network traffic, dominated by data and video flows, is growing unabated. This is exacerbated by dynamic and shifting traffic patterns of mobile and cloud-based services. Today's static, manual optical transport networks are not optimized to meet customer needs for flexible, on-demand services. This situation challenges transport network operators and the supplier ecosystem to improve the network's ability to dynamically adapt to the needs of applications and services (residing mostly in data centers); i.e. make the network more programmable and increase network efficiency and agility.
Transparent ceramic garnet scintillator optimization via composition and co-doping for high-energy resolution gamma spectrometers(Conference Presentation)

Breakthrough energy resolution, R(662keV) <4%, has been achieved with an oxide scintillator, Cerium-doped Gadolinium Yttrium Gallium Aluminum Garnet, or GYGAG(Ce), by optimizing fabrication conditions. Here we describe the dependence of scintillation light yield and energy resolution on several variables: (1) Stoichiometry, in particular Gd/Y and Ga/Al ratios which modify the bandgap energy, (2) Processing methods, including vacuum vs. oxygen sintering, and (3) Trace co-dopants that influence the formation of Ce4+ and modify the intra-bandgap trap distribution. To learn about how chemical composition influences the scintillation properties of transparent ceramic garnet scintillators, we have measured: scintillation decay component amplitudes; intensity and duration of afterglow; thermoluminescence glow curve peak positions and amplitudes; integrated light yield; light yield non-proportionality, as measured in the Scintillator Light Yield Non-Proportionality Characterization Instrument (SLYNCI); and energy resolution for gamma spectroscopy. Optimized GYGAG(Ce) provides R(662 keV) =3.0%, for 0.05 cm3 size ceramics with Silicon photodiode readout, and R(662 keV) =4.6%, at 2 in3 size with PMT readout.
Engineering the EMR habitat through workflow design in a specialty setting

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are the wave of the near future for healthcare documentation. Organisations have begun the process of integrating electronic workflows with their existing and the evidence-based work. Basic workflow analysis is essential to accomplish the goals of a well-integrated EMR which sets a standard for balanced organisational ecology and a stable EMR habitat for the system and its users. This paper presents a standard approach for analysing the needs and workflow impact of EMR implementation. Results presented here are garnered from EMR implementation in a cardiology specialty to demonstrate a best practice standardised regimen for identifying pitfalls and procedural issues related to implementation of EMR and addressing those issues in a manner consistent with easing adaptation to the entire EMR habitat. The example of medication refill demonstrates the rapid changes of turnaround time from two to three days to less than 2 hours and a 6% improvement in patient satisfaction.
Learning robust representations for data analytics

Learning compact representations from high-dimensional and large-scale data plays an essential role in many real-world applications. However, many existing methods show limited performance when data are contaminated with severe noise. To address this challenge, we have proposed several effective methods to extract robust data representations, such as balanced graphs, discriminative subspaces, and robust dictionaries. In addition, several topics are provided as future work.
Human Herpesvirus 8 Protein K1 Interferes with Fas-Mediated Apoptosis Induces Clonal Growth and Lymphoid Hyperplasia

Abstract Background: Expression of Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) K1 causes hyperplasia of lymph nodes and lymphomas in mice. The exact mechanism of how K1 causes hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1 expressing mice is not known. The cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of K1 was shown previously to be involved in activation of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-k-B). Moreover, we had shown recently that K1 suppresses Fas-mediated apoptosis through its extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and that K1-transfected mice survived a lethal dose of agonistic anti-Fas antibody (Jo2). We thus hypothesized that development of hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1-expressing mice is driven by alterations of Fas signaling. Results: At 18 months, 10 K1 transgenic mice, 90% developed lymphoid hyperplasia (>3mm) and 60% developed lymphomas, while all (26) control mice remained hyperplasia and lymphoma free. In the extreme cases, K1 mice developed liver or mesenteric tumors (4 and 4 of 10 mice, respectively). Spleens of 78% of K1 mice were enlarged at 18 months and were on average 3.5 times heavier than spleens of non-expressing control mice (332 ± 200 mg vs. 94 ± 26 mg, P Conclusion: These results confirm that K1 is associated with lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma and provide plausible explanation. K1 blocks Fas-mediated apoptosis and competing peptides can reinstate apoptosis.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN VERSUS MACHINE TRANSLATION ACCURACY

Photosynthesis was investigated during late summer and early fall in a population of mature cottonwood (Populus deltoides) trees growing on the campus of MSU-Billings in southcentral Montana. Parameters related to photosynthesis were measured in situ with a Licor 6400XT Photosynthesis system. A diurnal fluctuation in assimilation was observed with a peak value of 17.0 uM m-2 s-1 CO2 fixed during mid-day. We examined the capacity for assimilation at a PAR of 4000 uM m-2 s-1 (approx. 200% full sunlight) and observed assimilation values as high as 17.6 uM CO2 m-2 s-1 with no indication of photoinhibition. P.deltoides also responded to high ambient CO2 (1600 umol M-1) where assimilation increased to 31.5 umol CO2 m-2 s-1 under 1000 uM m-2 s-1 PAR. We used an ACi curve fitting utility to obtain values of 104 mmol m-2 s-1, 117 mmol m-2 s-1 and 8.6 mmol m-2 s-1 for rubisco Vcmax, electron flow rate and triose phosphate utilization, respectively. Transpiration was 0.1-6.1 mmol m-2 s-1 and correlated with assimilation. Assimilation declined 37% from the earliest measurements on 23Sep to those taken on 15Oct. We conclude that photosynthesis continues in leaves of P.deltoides well into autumn despite shorter days and cooler temperatures, but with an adaptive response resulting in less CO2 fixation. Leaves can photosynthetically fix carbon, presumably stored as reserve carbohydrates well into late fall before the onset of autumnal leaf senescence.
A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections

Abstract Channel migration is the primary mechanism of floodplain turnover in meandering rivers and is essential to the persistence of riparian ecosystems. Channel migration is driven by river flows, but short-term records cannot disentangle the effects of land use, flow diversion, past floods, and climate change. We used three data sets to quantify nearly two centuries of channel migration on the Powder River in Montana. The most precise data set came from channel cross sections measured an average of 21 times from 1975 to 2014. We then extended spatial and temporal scales of analysis using aerial photographs (1939–2013) and by aging plains cottonwoods along transects (1830–2014). Migration rates calculated from overlapping periods across data sets mostly revealed cross-method consistency. Data set integration revealed that migration rates have declined since peaking at 5 m/year in the two decades after the extreme 1923 flood (3000 m 3 /s). Averaged over the duration of each data set, cross section channel migration occurred at 0.81 m/year, compared to 1.52 m/year for the medium-length air photo record and 1.62 m/year for the lengthy cottonwood record. Powder River peak annual flows decreased by 48% (201 vs. 104 m 3 /s) after the largest flood of the post-1930 gaged record (930 m 3 /s in 1978). Declining peak discharges led to a 53% reduction in channel width and a 29% increase in sinuosity over the 1939–2013 air photo record. Changes in planform geometry and reductions in channel migration make calculations of floodplain turnover rates dependent on the period of analysis. We found that the intensively studied last four decades do not represent the past two centuries.
The first-in-human experience with a minimally invasive, ambulatory, counterpulsation heart assist system for advanced congestive heart failure.

Background The intravascular ventricular assist system (iVAS) is a new, minimally invasive, ambulatory counterpulsation heart assist system delivered via the subclavian artery and powered by a portable driver. It is designed for recovery, bridge to transplantation (BTT) or for prolonging medical therapy. We report the first-in-human (FIH) experience with iVAS. Methods This is a prospective, non-randomized single arm, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved early feasibility trial in patients listed for cardiac transplantation. The primary end-point was survival to transplant or stroke-free survival at 30 days. Results Fourteen patients were enrolled and 13 (92.8%) were treated with iVAS. At time of implant, the average age was 58 ± 6.7 years; 85% were male; 28% had ischemic cardiomyopathy; and 3 were Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Devices (INTERMACS) Level 2, 9 were Level 3, and 1 was Level 4. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 22%, left ventricular internal diameter diastole was 7.13 mm, and 69% had moderate or severe mitral regurgitation. There were no intra-operative complications. Intensive care unit stay after implant was 6 ± 6 days. All patients were transplanted after 32 ± 21 days. There were no deaths or thromboembolic events: 1 patient required escalation of mechanical support, and post-implant complications included pleuritis/pericarditis (n = 1) and neuropathy (n = 2). No intra-operative blood transfusions were required. Conclusions This study demonstrates a high rate of successful outcomes with an excellent risk-to-benefit profile. This FIH experience reveals that the iVAS can be successfully inserted in a standardized approach, provide hemodynamic support, can be interrupted for short periods, and allows for ambulation. A multicenter trial to investigate effectiveness and safety is warranted.
Intensive Blood Glucose Control and Vascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on observed relationships between hyperglycemia and CVD, several large clinical trials have investigated the ability of treatment strategies to achieve hemoglobin A1c less than 7% (53 mmol/mol) as a way of reducing this risk. These studies demonstrate that intensified glycemic therapy may reduce CVD risk in younger patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus but not in high-risk older individuals with established disease. Attention to blood pressure and lipid-lowering therapies with modified glycemic goals for older high-risk individuals is recommended.
La création de la réserve de Nutashkuan : espaces physique, politique et économique

Cet article se base sur des recits recueillis dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche en histoire orale mene avec des membres de la communaute innue de Nutashkuan, sur la Cote-Nord, et qui portait sur la creation de leur reserve par les Affaires indiennes dans les annees 1950. Places au coeur de la trame narrative, ces recits abordent non seulement la construction des premieres maisons, mais aussi l’imposition d’un chef pour la communaute et l’introduction d’une dependance economique via la distribution de rations et le resserrement des activites productives. L’imbrication de ces histoires permet d’entrevoir l’amenagement d’une reserve comme un espace a la fois physique, social, politique et economique. Au-dela de son ancrage dans un lieu bien precis, cet article ouvre la porte a l’histoire plus vaste de l’imposition de la Loi sur les Indiens aux communautes autochtones du Quebec, portee par le point de vue des Innus sur leur propre histoire.
Transmission Measurement of Brain Activity in vivo

Localized transmission measurement of intrinsic optical signal of neuronal activity was examined in-vivo in the rat brain for the first time. Enhanced light output during neuronal activity was observed, linked to neural swelling signals.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Twitter-Based Foodborne Illness Reporting Tool in the City of St. Louis Department of Health

Foodborne illness is a serious and preventable public health problem affecting 1 in 6 Americans with cost estimates over $50 billion annually. Local health departments license and inspect restaurants to ensure food safety and respond to reports of suspected foodborne illness. The City of St. Louis Department of Health adopted the HealthMap Foodborne Dashboard (Dashboard), a tool that monitors Twitter for tweets about food poisoning in a geographic area and allows the health department to respond. We evaluated the implementation by interviewing employees of the City of St. Louis Department of Health involved in food safety. We interviewed epidemiologists, environmental health specialists, health services specialists, food inspectors, and public information officers. Participants viewed engaging innovation participants and executing the innovation as challenges while they felt the Dashboard had relative advantage over existing reporting methods and was not complex once in place. This study is the first to examine practitioner perceptions of the implementation of a new technology in a local health department. Similar implementation projects should focus more on process by developing clear and comprehensive plans to educate and involve stakeholders prior to implementation.
Accurate Optical Measurement of Small Tilt Angles in Thin Twisted Nematic Layers

Liquid crystal (LC) molecules have a preferred orientation on a bounding surface. The angle, αo, that they form with the surface in the absence of applied fields is called the initial tilt angle and is an important measure of the liquid crystal-surface interaction.
Expression Meaning versus Utterance/Speaker Meaning

Malapropisms and slips of tongue represent ways in which expression meaning can come apart from speaker meaning. Another way is when a speaker engages in some form of implicit communication, conveying a meaning other than the meaning of the words or sentences she utters. Such implicit meaning can be intended either in addition to or instead of the explicit meaning. Some regard utterance meaning as a species of speaker meaning; others regard it as a distinct level of meaning. According to the speech act-centered conception of meaning, speaker meaning has priority over expression meaning. In contrast, the expression-centered conception regards semantic properties as intrinsic to expressions. This latter view is disputed by those who (like Grice) wish to reduce expression meaning to speaker meaning or who (like Searle) regard expression meaning as depending on a Background of human practices.
Over expression of the constitutive expression refractory Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3488 protein with an acid-inducible expression system.

Abstract As inducible protein expression plasmids available for mycobacterial species are limited, here we demonstrate the utility of an acid-inducible promoter driving gene and subsequent protein expression of a difficult to express protein. We wanted to assess the use of an acid inducible promoter expression system to produce proteins in a mycobacterial system, specifically proteins that when overexpressed interfere with mycobacterial cell growth. Overexpression of those types of proteins would require a tightly regulated promoter system. We employed the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipF minimal acid-inducible promoter (mpr) which had previously been shown to be upregulated by acidic stress >100 X and to have a low basal level of expression in the absence of acidic stress. It is active from pH 4.3 up to pH 6.4 making this an acid range that is compatible with mycobacterial growth or survival and active at acidic ranges encountered in vivo within acidified phagosomes of macrophages. We therefore cloned the M. tuberculosis gene Rv3488, whose product had been unable to be expressed constitutively, into a plasmid downstream of the lipF mpr promoter and overexpressed this gene in the presence of acidic pH in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Sustained overexpression of the gene leads to inhibition of replication of mycobacterial cells as well as inhibition of carotenoid pigment synthesis, while short-term overexpression leads to appropriate protein expression.
Do Vaccines Cause Arthralgia or Arthritis

Infections may trigger or contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Thus, vaccines may prevent arthritis by protecting against natural infections. Rubella-containing vaccines (e.g. MMR) can cause mild, acute, transient arthralgia or arthritis, rarely in children but commonly in certain adult women (between 10-25% of adult female vaccinees without preexisting rubella immunity), usually beginning 1-3 weeks after vaccination and then persisting up to 3 weeks. Other vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. have not been shown to cause chronic arthralgia or arthritis.
Desplazamientos identitarios en tres “barrios” madrileños de promoción oficial. Entre la postradicionalización y el envejecimiento

This article analyzes identity displacements in three neighborhoods: La Colonia de Tercio and Terol (TYT), El Poblado Dirigido de Fuencarral (PDF) and Palomeras Sureste (PAL). All of them have registered an important change in their identity, whose understanding is based on the notions of post-traditionalization of Giddens (1993a, 1993b, 1999, 2001) or detraditionalization of Heelas, Lash and Morris (1996). It is also pointed out that in PDF and PAL this change is accompanied by the centrality of "aging", which, however, occupies a much more relegated position in TYT. The methodology used is comparative and eminently qualitative, and also includes census data for 2001 and 2011.
Determination and analysis of the nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors of 2-bromopyridine

Abstract The rotational spectrum of 2-bromopyridine was reinvestigated in the frequency range of 10–15.5 GHz by Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy. New observations of 14N hyperfine splittings have been observed for both the bromine-79 and -81 isotopologues in addition to five centrifugal distortion constants. Rotational constants and bromine nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors have been refined. Both the bromine and the nitrogen nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors have been investigated using the Extended Townes-Dailey analysis.
Long-term follow-up of custom cross-pin fixation of 56 tumour endoprosthesis stems: a single-institution experience.

Aims Aseptic loosening is a major cause of failure in cemented endoprosthetic reconstructions. This paper presents the long-term outcomes of a custom-designed cross-pin fixation construct designed ...
A 3+1 Dimensional LF Model with Spontaneous χ SB

Light-front (LF) quantization provides an intuitive (physical basis!) description of hadron structure that stays close to the relevant degrees of freedom in high energy scattering: many high-energy scattering processes probe hadrons along a light-like direction, since particles at very high energies travel close to the light-cone. More detailed discussions of this main motivation for studying LF field theories can be found in Refs. [1, 2] as well as in the lecture by Stan Brodsky [3].
Supporting Critical Social Analysis: Empowering Processes in a Youth Organizing Group

Critical social analysis is a foundational sociopolitical learning experience which supports youth development and social action. While practical guidance for facilitating critical social analysis exists, there is a need for empirical work exploring educator and participant experiences. To understand how urban educators implement critical social analysis and how participants experience it, reflective interviews were conducted with adult leaders and former youth organizers in Teen Advocates for Sexual Health. In a highly-segregated midwestern city, leaders engaged diverse youth in critical social analysis and social action around access to comprehensive school-based sexual health education. Three empowering interpersonal processes supported critical conversations on power, privilege, and sexual health. First, adult leaders established norms for power sharing and group communication. Second, leaders helped youth distinguish between feeling uncomfortable, integral to social justice learning, and feeling emotionally unsafe. Third, leaders supported emotional safety, allowing youth to determine their level of participation. Youth were empowered to remain engaged when uncomfortable, take action if they felt unsafe, and share responsibility for community safety. Combined with other organizing experiences, critical social analysis empowered participants as teens and contributed to adult social justice commitments. Findings contribute to literature on how urban educators can support sociopolitical development across settings.
Association Between Neonatal Seizures and Social-Emotional Development and Adaptive Behavior in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants:

Aim:To evaluate social-emotional development and adaptive behavioral outcomes in a cohort of extremely low birth weight infants with a confirmed diagnosis of neonatal seizures.Methods:This is a ret...
MRI-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Radiation Necrosis in Previously Irradiated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Abstract Radiation necrosis (RN) is a well described complication seen after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). First-line medical therapies are not always successful in alleviating symptoms and management of some cases may require open surgical resection of the lesion. Surgery is often thought of however as a last resort given its associated morbidity especially in the setting of potential concern for residual live AVM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that is being increasingly considered for RN lesions and is best established for treatment of symptomatic RN that can develop after stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of metastatic brain tumors. Its ability to treat RN from other primary pathologies remains unclear. Here, we present 2 cases that show successful use of LITT in patients with biopsy-confirmed RN post-radiosurgery for AVMs. As with tumor-associated RN, LITT can result in rapid improvement of symptoms related to reduction in perilesional edema and then shrinkage and eventual stabilization of the RN lesion.
The formative evaluation of a forestry Best Management Practices program in a municipal watershed

Best Management Practices for water quality (BMPs) have been proven effective in reducing sedimentation from timber harvesting operations. Although most states in the country have BMP guidelines, m...
Segmental Arterial Mediolysis: An Under-Recognized Cause of Chronic Abdominal Pain.

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy mostly involving the abdominal arteries. SAM was recently recognized as a more prevalent aetiology of abdominal pain than initially thought by healthcare providers. It is still a commonly missed diagnosis in patients with recurrent emergency room (ER) visits for abdominal pain. Most published case reports in the past have highlighted catastrophic sequelae such as intra-abdominal haemorrhage requiring surgical intervention. We report a case of SAM where the diagnosis was initially missed. After diagnosis, conservative medical management was offered which led to clinical improvement. Learning points To recognize segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) as a cause of chronic abdominal pain in the middle-aged and elderly population.To differentiate SAM from inflammatory vasculitis and atherosclerotic conditions.For cases with mild symptoms and haemodynamic stability, conservative management such as early lifestyle modifications, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia control and regular imaging follow-up should be offered.
A Phase Space Approach to Gravitational Entropy

We examine the definition S=lnΩ as a candidate function for “gravitational entropy.” We calculate its behavior for gravitational and density perturbations in closed, open and flat cosmological models and find that in all cases it increases monotonically. We are also able to calculate the entropy density of gravitational radiation produced by inflation. We compare the results with the behavior of the Weyl-tensor squared. Applying the formalism to black holes has proved more problematical.
Why Do We Have Such Dilemmas?—An Reflection on Shadowing a PBL Mentor Teacher:

The author reflects on six dilemmas that teachers and mentors may face during the implementation of project-based learning (PBL): (a) the conflict between student autonomy and teacher control, (b) ...
Safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridioides difficile infection focusing on pathobionts and SARS-CoV-2

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a consequence of flagrant use of antibiotics, an aging population with increasing comorbidities, and increased hospitalizations. The treatment of choice ...
Bricolage: A tool for race-related, historically situated complex research

Background As medical education grapples with larger issues of race and racism, researchers will need new tools to capture society's complex issues. One promising approach is bricolage, a methodological and theoretical approach that allows researchers to bend analytical tools to meet their needs. Bricolage is both a metaphor and an activity to describe the cognitively creative process researchers engage in while conducting interdisciplinary and multidimensional research. Process At the heart of bricolage is the researchers' engagement in critical hermeneutics, which at its basic level recognises that all objects under study are subject to larger social, political, and historical forces that constrain individuals. Researching with bricolage treats objects of inquiry as part of a historically situated complex system. As such, data are interpreted in ways that build conceptual bridges between individuals' concrete experiences and concepts acknowledging larger social, historical, economic, and political forces. Pearls To engage in bricolage, researchers should begin by reading and comparing ideas across disciplines to expose disciplinary-specific assumptions, as well as learn about new theories, approaches and methods that might be utilised for a bricolage project. Researchers should also ask themselves philosophical questions to identify new readings or their data. And finally, researchers should experiment with analytical metaphors because they help to frame new relationships between seemingly unrelated theories, methods and concepts. As researchers engage in bricolage, they need to sidestep their training and over-reliance on research protocols and checklists and engage in a creative tinkering to interpret the world in new ways. In doing so, scholars will be able to push traditional research boundaries and generate critical dialogue to move the field forward.
G-uniform stability and Kähler–Einstein metrics on Fano varieties

Let X be any $${{\mathbb {Q}}}$$ -Fano variety and $$\mathrm{Aut}(X)_0$$ be the identity component of the automorphism group of X. Let $${\mathbb {G}}$$ be a connected reductive subgroup of $$\mathrm{Aut}(X)_0$$ that contains a maximal torus of $$\mathrm{Aut}(X)_0$$ . We prove that X admits a Kahler–Einstein metric if and only if X is $${\mathbb {G}}$$ -uniformly K-stable. This proves a version of Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture for arbitrary singular Fano varieties. A key new ingredient is a valuative criterion for $${\mathbb {G}}$$ -uniform K-stability.
Novel Use of Nerve Branch to Sartorius as Donor for Intrapelvic Neurotization of the Sciatic Nerve and Its Contributions.

Background Sciatic nerve injuries are relatively infrequent but extremely disabling for the patient. As injury to this nerve is relatively infrequent, there is little about its repair in the literature, especially within the pelvis. Methods Twelve adult embalmed cadavers (24 sides) underwent exposure of the anteromedial thigh, inguinal region, and pelvic cavity. The sartorius muscle was identified in the anterior thigh, and its nerve branches from the femoral nerve were isolated and traced proximally to the femoral nerve trunk. The isolated sartorius nerve branches were further traced to the pelvic part of the femoral nerve. Next, the lumbosacral plexus was dissected on the posterior aspect of the pelvis so that its constituent parts were seen and followed distally to also visualize the most proximal part of the sciatic nerve. The previously dissected nerve branches to sartorius were then transposed to these constituent parts, and the ability for a tension-free anastomosis between these 2 nerves was evaluated. Results The branches ranged in diameter from 1.89 to 3.1 mm (2.88 mm). The average length of the nerves was 17.3 cm. Transposition of these branches to all ventral rami of the lumbosacral plexus in the pelvis and proximal sciatic (intrapelvic) nerve was possible on all cadaveric sides. Conclusions Our cadaveric study found that nerve branches to the sartorius muscle can be transposed intrapelvically to the lumbosacral plexus and could provide tension-free anastomoses for neurotization procedures in patients with nerve injury.
Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures Using Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites: Identifying Potential Defects

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are increasingly being considered for the rehabilitation of deteriorating and/or under strength concrete structural components. Applications range from the seismic retrofit of columns, piers and walls, to the strengthening of slabs and girders. Strength and stiffness of the composite material are important to a systems' overall efficiency, the composite-substrate adhesive layer must provide adequate stress transfer capabilities. Unless the adhesive material is specifically designed for the purposes of adhesion to the specific substrate in question, stress transfer between the substrate and the composite, and resistance to the harsh outdoor environment, the rehabilitation will lack performance and will undergo rapid deterioration. This chapter will discuss the use of FRP in the rehabilitation of concrete structures. The chapter will cover the defects that can occur during the rehabilitation process and their effects on concrete structures. The importance of non-destructive testing and future trends are also covered.
Some Effects of Quantization on a Noiseless Phase-Locked Loop

If the VCO of a phase-locked receiver is to be replaced by a digitally programmed synthesizer, the phase error signal must be sampled and quantized. Effects of quantizing after the loop filter (frequency quantization) or before (phase error quantization) are investigated. Constant Doppler or Doppler rate noiseless inputs are assumed. The main result gives the phase jitter due to frequency quantization for a Doppler-rate input. By itself, however, frequency quantization is impractical because it makes the loop dynamic range too small.
Temporal Pattern Recognition Deficiency

In strategic marketing management, one of the keys to successful performance is the skillful use of mixed strategies. Mixed strategies allow a randomization which keeps an opponent off balance. If it is randomness that forces an optima, then the removal of that randomness by an opponent can be used to his advantage. If the strategic marketing predictability is noticed by the opposition, the perceptive competitor can change the structure of the game from a multi-person game to an unilateral decision making opportunity and maximize his gains. However , if complacency occurs in the firm a consistency in the strategical choice becomes apparent. The predictability in their strategic thinking makes them vulnerable to the competition. But managers do not appear to have the ability to recognize even simple patterns over time. What abilities they do have are not conscious activities. We examine this conjectured problem, Temporal Pattern Recognition Deficiency, and attempt to explain this phenomenon.
In honour of Lothar Spillmann - filling-in, wiggly lines, adaptation, and aftereffects.

I have studied a number of visual phenomena that Lothar Spillmann has already elucidated. These include: Neon spreading: when a small red cross is superimposed on intersecting black lines, the red cross seems to spread out into an illusory disk. Unlike the Hermann grid, neon spreading is relatively unaffected when the black lines are curved or wiggly. This suggests that the Hermann grid, but not neon spreading, involves long-range interactions. Neon spreading can be shown in random-dot patterns, even without intersections. It is strongest when the red crosses are equiluminous with the gray background. Adaptation, aftereffects, and filling-in: direct and induced aftereffects of color, motion, and dimming. Artificial scotomata and filling-in: the “dam” theory is false. Staring at wiggly lines or irregularly scattered dots makes them gradually appear straighter, or more regularly spaced. I present evidence that irregularity is actually a visual dimension to which the visual system can adapt. Conjectures on the nature of peripheral fading and of motion-induced blindness. Some failed experiments on correlated visual inputs and cortical plasticity.
Judicial Supremacy and the End of Judicial Restraint

Judge Posner provides a characteristically thought-provoking analysis of judicial restraint. Unfortunately, by attributing the origin of the doctrine to James Bradley Thayer, Posner misunderstands the concept. For Thayer was not making a new argument. He was, rather, reasserting an older, Jeffersonian notion that primary authority to interpret the Constitution lies with the people and not with courts. The replacement of this concept of popular constitutionalism with the modern doctrine of judicial supremacy—a change that took hold only in the 1960s—changed the political debate from one about who should interpret the Constitution to one about how the Constitution should be interpreted. More important, acceptance of judicial supremacy left protecting judicial authority (by not acting so frequently or aggressively as to produce a political backlash) as the only justification for restraint—a justification that, ironically, grows weaker in direct proportion to supremacy’s acceptance. Not surprisingly, then, and as Posner notes, judicial restraint today has decayed to the point where it is little more than a rhetorical tool used opportunistically by both sides in constitutional debate. But the culprit for this development is not, as Posner suggests, the development of theories of constitutional interpretation. It is, rather, our embrace of the notion that deciding the ongoing meaning of a democratic Constitution is a task best left entirely to judges.
Human Genome Project: Reassessment and Philosophical Analysis

Since the discovery of the structure of the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, scientists have attempted to map the human genome. Completion of the project has forced us to face the new task of deciding what to do with the information we have acquired. Key Concepts: The discovery of the double helix was the start of molecular biology. The challenge of mapping the genes of the human genome. The need for a comparative approach, going beyond humans to other organisms. Development is not just a matter of the number of genes, but of how they interact in growth. The dangers of thinking that genes alone dictate human nature and human health. The exciting possibilities of designer medicine. Keywords: gene; human; disease; DNA; moral issues
Cortical dynamics of form perception

The neocortex is the seat of all higher biological intelligence. All sensory and cognitive neocortex is organized into layered circuits. A recent family or LAMINART models proposes how these layered circuit embody bottom-up, top-down, and horizontal interactions within the visual cortex to generate percepts of visual form. Results to date quantitatively explain perceptual, anatomical, and neurophysiological data about cortical development, learning, attention, perceptual grouping, and 3D vision. This foundation is rapidly leading to discoveries of how other cortical areas are specialized to carry out different perceptual and cognitive tasks. The parsimony and power of the circuits is also leading to more efficient algorithms for computer vision.
Analysis of the Content and Purpose of Four Different Kinds of Electronic Communications Among Preservice Teachers

This study examines the content and purposes of four different types of electronic exchanges among a cohort of preservice elementary education majors across three semesters. Messages were exchanged (a) student to peer, (b) student to keypal, (c) student to instructor, and (d) student to group of peers using Web-based software that supported asynchronous, threaded discussions. The major purposes electronic communications served included opportunities for personal reflection, sharing teaching activities, and offering support. However, the peer-to-group messages fostered more reflective exchanges than other forms of one-to-one electronic communication studied.
The Primary Prevention of Adolescent Substance Abuse Through the Promotion of Personal and Social Competence

Summary The Life Skills Training (LST) program is a broad-based substance abuse prevention program which emphasizes self-improvement and the development of important personal and social skills. This chapter describes the LST program, its theoretical rationale, and the results of evaluation studies conducted over the last eight years; in addition, this chapter reports the process by which the original school-based program format was revised for use in a community setting-specifically for use with urban minority adolescents living in a shelter for the homeless. The revised version of the LST
Pseudogap formation in the symmetric Anderson lattice model.

We present self-consistent calculations for the self-energy and magnetic susceptibility of the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D symmetric Anderson lattice Hamiltonian in the fluctuation exchange approximation. At high temperatures, strong f-electron scattering leads to broad quasiparticle spectral functions, a reduced quasiparticle band gap, and a metallic density of states. As the temperature is lowered, the spectral functions narrow and a pseudogap forms at the characteristic temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{x}}$ at which the width of the quasiparticle spectral function at the gap edge is comparable to the renormalized activation energy. For T\ensuremath{\ll}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{x}}$, the pseudogap is approximately equal to the hybridization gap in the bare band structure. The opening of the pseudogap is clearly apparent in both the spin susceptibility and the compressibility.
Acute Effects of Inhaled and IV Cocaine on Airway Dynamics

Background Wheezing has been reported by 32% of habitual smokers of crack cocaine, and several cases of crack-related acute exacerbations of asthma have been reported. Study objective To compare the acute effects of physiologically active doses of smoked cocaine base and IV cocaine hydrochloride (HCl), a subphysiologic dose of cocaine base (smoked “placebo”)? and IV saline solution placebo on bronchomotor tone, subjective level of intoxication, and cardiovascular responses in healthy habitual crack users. Design A single-blind crossover study in which the order of route of administration (inhaled vs IV) was random but placebo always preceded the active drug. Subjects Fourteen healthy, nonasthmatic current crack-smoking subjects, 34 to 48 years of age, with a history of previous IV cocaine use (1 to 12 times per lifetime). Methods Heart rate, BP, self-rated level of intoxication (scale of 0 to 10), and measurements of airway resistance (Raw) and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were recorded during separate sessions before and 3 to 5, 10, 15, and 30 min after administration of smoked cocaine base (38.5±2.3 [SEM] mg), smoked placebo (2.3±0.9 mg cocaine base), IV cocaine HCl (30.0±2.0 mg), and IV placebo (saline solution). Results Both smoked active cocaine and IV cocaine HCl caused comparable, significant (p Conclusions Smoked cocaine base, but not systemically administered cocaine HCl, causes acute bronchoconstriction that is probably mediated by local airway irritation and could account for reports of crack-induced wheezing and asthma attacks in nonasthmatic and asthmatic individuals, respectively.