cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics of degraded core cooling

Abstract The literature on hydrodynamics of forced convection cooling of particle beds is reviewed and used to assess the characteristics of in-situ cooling of a degraded LWR reactor core under conditions representative of severe accidents. It is found that the pressure head required, for a given rate of liquid water flow, through a totally degraded core is one to two orders of magnitude higher than the case of intact core geometry. To remove decay heat of up to 1–2% of the reactor normal power, even with conservative assumptions, the pressure head is within the capability of the main reactor pumps. However, particles with very small diameter (less than 100 μm) will potentially be swept out by the flow. The sensitivity of the hydraulic characteristics to the allowed coolant temperature rise across the fragmented core is also investigated.
Inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin released from the roots of corn seedlings.

When the specific activities of the catechin oxidases (catechin as the substrate) which were released from the roots of the seedlings of alfalfa, tomato, wheat, lettuce and corn were compared, it was found that the oxidizing activity was absent from the root exudate of corn seedlings. A 6.3 kDa protein was purified from the root exudate of corn seedlings and in the presence of this protein, the oxidation of catechin was inhibited. This inhibitor is responsible for the inability of the root exudate of corn seedlings to oxidize catechin.
Two components of ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes observed during the large magnetic storm of October 30, 2003

[1] We consider VHF amplitude scintillations, GPS phase fluctuations, ionosonde measurements, maps of GPS total electron content (TEC), observations of daytime aurora and TIMED GUVI images during the large magnetic storms of October 29–31, 2003, and find two distinct classes of plasma processes that produce midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. One is associated with auroral plasma processes; the other, with storm enhanced density (SED) gradients, a part of which occur in close proximity to sub-auroral polarization stream (SAPS) electric fields as discussed by J. C. Foster et al. (2002). We analyze in detail the storm event of October 30, 2003. The SAPS-associated plasma structures may occur by an ion temperature gradient convective instability (M. J. Keskinen et al., 2004), but structuring by auroral processes requires elucidation.
Advanced radiographic methods for visualization of corrosion in aircraft structures

Methods for enhanced detection and characterization of corrosion in aircraft structures are presented. A unique Reverse Geometry X-ray system was utilized for real time radiographic imaging of structures. This system has several possible advantages as compared to conventional radiography. First, the x-ray detector can be miniaturized and easily positioned inside a complex structure enabling images of each surface of the structure to be obtained separately. Second, multiple detectors enable the simultaneous acquisition of data from several different perspectives without moving the structure or the measurement system. This provides a means for locating the positions of flaws and enhances separation of features at the surface from features inside the structure. A method is presented for calibration of the eight detectors for reduction of radiographic data to thickness measurement. Results are presented for measurements on a varying thickness sample. Laminographic reconstruction of data from the multiple detector system is presented. Laminographic imaging methods are shown to be capable of separating surface features from corrosion in the lap joint and locating corrosion in multilayer structures. Removal of surface features to enhance definition of corrosion boundaries is discussed.
Effects of conching time and ingredients on preference of milk chocolate.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to determine how the conching time and the quantity of sucrose, lecithin, cocoa butter and whole milk powder affect consumer preference for milk chocolate. Untrained panelists performed a sensory study consisting of acceptability, preference and attribute intensity. Longer conching time produced significantly smoother chocolate with smaller particle size. The longest conche times had the smallest particle size and were the most mouthcoating. There was no change in flavor with conching. The longer conche times were preferred. Panelists preferred higher sucrose levels, and increasing sucrose decreased bitterness and increased chocolate flavor. Increasing lecithin increased smoothness, but less lecithin was preferred, possibly due to off-flavors at high levels of lecithin. Increasing cocoa butter yielded softer chocolate but did not affect bitterness. Panelists preferred 10% over higher levels of cocoa butter. More milk powder produced smoother chocolate with more caramel flavor and was preferred. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The perceived quality of milk chocolate is affected by conching time, sucrose, lecithin, cocoa butter and whole milk powder. Texture was affected the most by conching, milk powder, lecithin and cocoa butter. Flavor was affected the most by milk powder and sugar. The only variable that did not affect acceptability and preference of milk chocolate was time for underconched samples. While this study did not determine the optimum conditions for milk chocolate, the most preferred and/or acceptable samples were conched for at least 12 h, had 35 to 50% sucrose, 0–0.5% lecithin, 5–10% cocoa butter and 13–30% milk powder.
A DMFC stack operating with hydrocarbon blend membranes and Pt–Ru–Sn–Ce/C and Pd–Co/C electrocatalysts

Abstract Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stacks consisting of 5 cells and 20 cells were assembled with low-cost hydrocarbon blend membranes and new electrocatalysts with better methanol tolerance and stability. The hydrocarbon blend membranes consisting of an acidic polymer (sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone), SPEEK) and a basic polymer (polysulfone-2-amide-benzimidazole, PSf-ABIm) exhibited low methanol crossover, high conductivity, and good mechanical stability. The Pt–Ru–Sn–Ce/C anode catalyst exhibited better stability than the commercial PtRu/C catalyst, while the cathode catalyst Pd–Co/C showed better methanol tolerance than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. A maximum power of around 20 W was achieved with a DMFC stack consisting of 20 membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated with the above membranes and electrocatalysts. The results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing these acid-base blend membranes and novel catalysts for DMFC applications.
Direct imaging of surface plasmon excitation with radially polarized beam

When a radially polarized beam is focused onto a metal-dielectric interface, the entire beam is TM polarized with respect to the interface. Consequently surface plasmons can be excited at all directions. These surface plasmons will propagate to the geometric center, constructively interfere with each other and generate a strongly focused evanescent nondiffracting Bessel beam. In this paper, we report the experimental results on the direct imaging of such plasmonic focusing. Radially polarized beam is tightly focused onto a silver-glass interface with a high numerical aperture oil immersion objective lens. The intensity distribution at the back focal plane of the objective lens after reflection is captured with a CCD camera. A dark ring corresponding to surface plasmon resonance excitation by a focused radially polarized beam is observed. A collection mode near field scanning optical microscope is applied to map the two-dimensional intensity distributions at different distances from the sample to verify the non-spreading and decaying natures of the evanescent Bessel beam.
Chromosome Engineering of Durum Wheat with Alien Chromatin of Diploid Wheatgrass

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) is an important cereal widely used for human consumption. It is the choice wheat for preparing pasta products. Current durum cultivars have little resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, a ravaging fungal disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. We showed earlier that diploid wheatgrass (Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) is an excellent source of FHB resistance, which could be transferred to commercial durum cultivars by hybridization coupled with manipulation of chromosome pairing. We obtained homoeologous pairing (i.e., pairing between wheat and alien chromosomes) in intergeneric hybrids because of the wheatgrass-induced suppression of the pairing-regulating gene Ph1 of wheat, leading to alien chromatin integration into the durum genome. Adopting this chromosome engineering technology, we have transferred diploid wheatgrass chromatin into the durum genome. We have produced fer...
Solution NMR of water on protein surfaces

Abstract Specialized water-suppression NMR pulse sequences and heteronuclear three-dimensional NMR have now made it possible to observe cross relaxation between the protons of water molecules and protons on the surface or in the interior of biological molecules. The cross-relaxation characteristics at each site allow loosely and tightly bound waters to be distinguised and limits on the residence lifetimes to be placed. These observations are affording a new view of the nature of protein hydration.
WAIS-R factor structure in epileptic patients.

Summary: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS-R), the newest version of the Wechsler Scales, has had several factor analytic studies, but none have been done in a sample of seizure-disorder patients. The factor structure of the WAIS-R was examined in this study in a sample of 107 patients with various seizure disorders. The results of this study revealed the 3-factor solution, as has been reported in many previous studies. The most notable difference was the relatively greater prominence of the Freedom from Distractibility factor. These results are consistent with studies of the factor structure of previous editions of the Wechsler Scales in samples of epileptic patients. The relative prominence of the Distractibility factor could suggest that attentional factors are a more important influence on performance than in other patient groups. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of various seizure-related variables on patterns of intelligence. RESUME L'echelle d'intelligence adulte de Wechsler revisee (WAIS-R) a fait l'objet de plusieurs analyses factorielles. mais jamais chez les patients epileptiques. Nous avons etudie la structure factorielle du WAIS-R chez 107 patients presentant divers types d'epilepsie. Nous avons constate, comme les autres etudes, une solution de 3 facteurs. La difference la plus notable a ete la preeminence relative du facteur “distractibilitye”. Nos resultats corroborent ceux des etudes de structure factorielle ayant porte sur les anciennes versions du WAIS chez les epileptiques. La preeminence relative du facteur distractibilitye pourrait signifier que les facteurs lies a l'attention ont plus d'influence sur les performances que dans d'autres groupes de patients. D'autres travaux devront clarifier l'influence de diverses variables liees aux crises sur les processus de l'intelligence. RESUMEN La escala revisada de Wechsler para medida de inteligencia de adultos (WAIS-R). (la nueva version de la escala de Wechsler) ha sido sometida a varios estudios analiticos de factor pero ninguno ha sido realizado en una muestra de enfermos con ataques epileplicos. La estructura factorial del WAIS-R ha sido examinada en este estudio en una muestra de 107 enfermos con varios tipos de ataques. Los resultados han revelado las 3 condiciones factorials tal como se han publicado en muchos estudios previos. La diferencia mas notable ha consislido en la prominencia relativamente mayor del factor de libertad sobre el de distractibilidad. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios de estructura factorial, realizados con ediciones previas de la escala de Wechsler, en muestras de enfermos epilepticos. La prominencia relativa del factor de distractibilidad podria sugerir que los factores de atencion conllevan una influencia mas importante sobre las actividades totales que en otro grupo de enfermos. Estudios adicionales son necesarios para clarificar el efecto de varias variables relacionadas con los ataques sobre los patrones de la inteligencia.
Childhood trauma and marital outcomes in adulthood

Although existing research suggests that certain childhood traumas such as childhood sexual abuse are associated with interpersonal (e.g., marital) difficulties in adulthood, there has been limited research on interpersonal sequelae of other types of traumas. In addition, the association between childhood traumas and interpersonal outcomes has often been limited to a particular outcome such as divorce, and existing studies have rarely controlled for the co-occurrence of other traumas when evaluating interpersonal outcomes. The current study sought to evaluate the associations between 7 childhood traumas and 2 marital outcomes—marital disruption (i.e., divorce and separation) and marital satisfaction—in a large, national probability sample. Results from univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that (a) probability of marital disruption was higher among people who during childhood had experienced physical abuse, rape, or serious physical attack or assault; and (b) current marital satisfaction was lower among people who during childhood had experienced rape or sexual molestation. Results support the importance of childhood traumas in predicting 2 important marital outcomes.
Postpericardiotomy syndrome after permanent pacemaker implantation in children and young adults.

Abstract Background Postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) occurs in 10% to 50% of pediatric patients after cardiac surgery. The incidence and outcome of PPS after permanent pacemaker implantation in children is not described. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all pediatric patients who underwent isolated placement of a pacemaker between January 1984 and December 2002. Patients who underwent congenital heart surgery at the time of pacemaker implantation were excluded. PPS was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms with echocardiographic confirmation of a pericardial effusion. Results Four hundred and forty-three pacemakers (237 epicardial, 206 transvenous) were implanted in 370 patients (median age 10 years, range 2 months to 24 years). Eight (2%) episodes of PPS (6 epicardial, 2 transvenous) occurred in 7 patients. The median time from implantation to PPS was 12.5 days (range 8 to 22 days). Six (75%) episodes followed primary pacemaker implantation, two occurred after subsequent lead revision. Three patients were initially treated with medical therapy (1 nonsteroidal agents, 2 steroids), and 1 required subsequent pericardiocentesis. Five patients underwent initial pericardiocentesis followed by medication. One patient had echocardiographic recurrence of a pericardial effusion 3 weeks after a nonsteroidal taper, with resolution after nonsteroidal agents were reinitiated. One patient required a pericardial window for a persistent effusion. No pacemaker was explanted. Conclusions PPS occurred in 2% of children undergoing isolated pacemaker implantation of both epicardial and transvenous systems. PPS is usually managed successfully with medical therapy. Patients with medical treatment failure were successfully treated with pericardiocentesis or the surgical creation of a pericardial window.
Total RNA, rRNA and poly(A)+ RNA abundances during aging in Caenorhabditis elegans

This is the second in a series of studies in which we characterize gene expression at the level of RNA during aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we quantitatively analyzed total RNA, poly(A)+ RNA, and ribosomal RNA as a function of chronological age in two different strains (TJ1060 and TJ1061) having wild-type life spans and in a long-lived age-1 mutant strain (TJ1062). In addition, we compared the age-dependent abundance patterns of these RNAs in two different culture environments. Total RNA yield did not show a consistent pattern of age-related changes. However, total RNA yield was significantly higher in all three strains when grown on agar than when grown in liquid. In addition, total RNA yield was significantly lower from strain TJ1061 than from strain TJ1060 and TJ1062. Relative to total RNA, rRNA did not exhibit any consistent differences with age, strain or environment. Poly(A)+ RNA decreased by 23-43% in old animals from the long-lived strain and one of the wild-type strains, but was not changed in the second wild-type strain. In addition, control experiments to determine the amount of RNA contributed by E. coli bacteria (present in the nematode culture medium as a food source) suggest that the age-1 mutant strain has a lower bacterial infection rate, which may contribute to the increased life span of this strain.
Inheritance of the "life-spanning" phenomenon in Amoeba proteus.

Abstract Clones of amoebae which are normally “immortal” can be given a defined life span. By exchanging nuclei between normal and spanned clones, we have shown that factors conveying the “spanning” characteristic are associated with both nucleus and cytoplasm. When a small amount of homogenized spanned cytoplasm is injected into a normal amoeba, the clone arising from that individual may be spanned.
Three-dimensional modeling of slab liquid jets used for heavy-ion fusion for beam line protection

Abstract IFE designs for thick liquid protection of heavy-ion inertial fusion reactors utilize banks of liquid jets to protect sensitive beam line components from neutrons and debris following target explosions. IFE designers must have knowledge of the surface quality of these jets in order to determine the distance between the jets and the ion beams that must propagate through the void spaces between them. Here, numerical simulations of such jet flows performed with the customized Flow3D solver are reported. These numerical simulations predicted no significant jet breakup in the region of interest, but did show surface and shape deformation that may end up determining the minimum standoff distance between jets and driver beams. The simulations also show small-droplet ejection that may adversely affect beam propagation characteristics. The intrusion distance of liquid into the beam lines was determined to be below 10% of the original jet thickness throughout the computational domain (up to 1 m downstream from the nozzle). Recommendations on how to avoid or minimize unwanted hydrodynamic phenomena (surface rippling and droplet ejection) by upstream conditioning and nozzle design are developed for free surface jets in vacuum in the context of a qualitative understanding of the physical mechanisms at play.
Natural Abundance Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of the Canine Sciatic Nerve

The proton-decoupled natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the canine sciatic nerve is virtually identical to that of canine adipose tissue and markedly similar to that of liquid triolein. No resonances assignable to cholesterol, glycolipids, or sphingolipids are detectable in the sciatic nerve spectrum despite their abundance in the myelin sheath of this nerve. However, many such resonances are observed in lipid extracts of the nerve. Chronmatographic analysis of specimens of canine and rabbit sciatic nerve has revealed that these contain sufficient triglyceride to account quantitatively for the observed spectrum. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and spin-labeling results for preparations containing myelin, especially those derived from the peripheral nerve, should be critically examined for experimental artifacts reflecting the triglyceride content.
P+ state of nitrogenase p-cluster exhibits electronic structure of a [Fe4S4]+ cluster.

Mo nitrogenase consists of two component proteins: the Fe protein, which contains a [Fe4S4] cluster, and the MoFe protein, which contains two different classes of metal cluster: P-cluster ([Fe8S7]) and FeMoco ([MoFe7S9C·homocitrate]). The P-cluster is believed to mediate the electron transfer between the Fe protein and the MoFe protein via interconversions between its various oxidation states, such as the all-ferrous state (PN) and the one- (P+) and two-electron (P2+) oxidized states. While the structural and electronic properties of PN and P2+ states have been well characterized, little is known about the electronic structure of the P+ state. Here, a mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii (DJ1193) was used to facilitate the characterization of the P+ state of P-cluster. This strain expresses a MoFe protein variant (designated ΔnifB β-188Cys MoFe protein) that accumulates the P+ form of P-cluster in the resting state. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrum of the P-cluster in the oxidized ΔnifB β-188...
Finding the impedance of the organ of Corti.

Measurements of the nonlinear response of the basilar membrane to a pure tone are shown to have a simple form for moderate membrane velocities: V(x,f;Vu)/Vu≈[Ṽ(x,f)/Vu]ν(x,f), f⩽fc(x), where the response V is the velocity of the membrane at measurement position x, Vu is the umbo velocity, f is the frequency of the stimulus, and fc(x) is the local characteristic frequency. The frequency dependence of the functions ν(x,f) and Ṽ(x,f) is determined from the data, and ν(x,f) and ln Ṽ(x,f) are shown to be analytic functions in the lower half of the complex frequency plane, with Re{ν(x,f)} a monotonically increasing function of f at fixed x. The linear limit of basilar membrane motion is characterized by a transfer function T(x,f)=(Ṽ/V1)ν/(1−ν), estimated by extrapolating V(x,f;Vu)/Vu to a small membrane velocity V1. T(x,f) and ln T(x,f) are shown to be analytic functions in the lower half of the complex frequency plane. The inverse of the amplitude of the transfer function, which has both a deep dip at f≈fc(x...
Cell volume measured by total internal reflection microfluorimetry: application to water and solute transport in cells transfected with water channel homologs

Total internal reflection (TIR) microfluorimetry was established as a method to measure continuously the volume of adherent cells and applied to measure membrane permeabilities in cells transfected with water channel homologs. Cytosol was labeled with the membrane-impermeant fluorophore calcein. Fluorescence was excited by the TIR evanescent field in a thin section of cytosol (approximately 150 nm) adjacent to the cell-substrate interface. Because cytosolic fluorophore number per cell remains constant, the TIR fluorescence signal should be inversely related to cell volume. For small volume changes in Sf-9 and LLC-PK1 cells, relative TIR fluorescence was nearly equal to inverse relative cell volume; deviations from the ideal were modeled theoretically. To measure plasma membrane osmotic water permeability, Pf, the time course of osmotically induced cell volume change was inferred from the TIR fluorescence signal. LLC-PK1 cells expressing the CHIP28 water channel had an HgCl2-sensitive, threefold increase in Pf compared to nontransfected cells (Pf = 0.0043 cm/s at 10 degrees C). Solute permeability was measured from the TIR fluorescence time course in response to solute gradients. Glycerol permeability in Sf-9 cells expressing the water channel homolog GLIP was (1.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(-5) cm/s (22 degrees C), greater than that of (0.36 +/- 0.04) x 10(-5) cm/s (n = 4, p
Interrater reliability of Glasgow Coma Scale scores in the emergency department.

Abstract Study objective Emergency physicians often use the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to help guide decisions in patient care, yet the reliability of the GCS has never been tested in a typical broad sample of emergency department (ED) patients. We determined the interrater reliability of the GCS between emergency physicians when adult patients with altered levels of consciousness are assessed. Methods In this prospective observational study at a university Level I trauma center, we enrolled a convenience sample of ED patients older than 17 years who presented with an altered level of consciousness. Two residency-trained attending emergency physicians independently assessed and recorded the GCS score and its components (eye, verbal, and motor) in blinded fashion within a 5-minute period. Data were analyzed for interrater reliability by using standard ordinal calculations. We also created scatter plots and Bland-Altman plots for each GCS component and for the GCS score. Results One hundred thirty-one patients were screened and enrolled in the study, with 15 excluded because of protocol violations. Of the 116 remaining patients, the agreement percentage for exact total GCS was 32% (τ-b=0.739; Spearman ρ=0.864; Spearman ρ 2 =75%). Agreement percentage for GCS components were eye 74% (τ-b=0.715; Spearman ρ=0.757; Spearman ρ 2 =57%), verbal 55% (τ-b=0.587; Spearman ρ=0.665; Spearman ρ 2 =44%), and motor 72% (τ-b=0.742; Spearman ρ=0.808; Spearman ρ 2 =65%). Our Spearman's analyses found that only approximately half (44% to 65%) of the observed variance could be explained by the relationship between the paired component measures. For GCS components, only 55% to 74% of paired measures were identical, and 6% to 17% of them were 2 or more points apart. Conclusion We found only moderate degrees of interrater agreement for the GCS and its components.
Synthesis of (S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)- 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate-1-14C

γ-Cyhalothrin (1a), (S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, is a single-isomer, synthetic pyrethroid insecticide marketed by Pytech Chemicals GmbH, a joint venture between Dow AgroSciences and Cheminova A/S. As a part of the registration process there was a need to incorporate a carbon-14 label into the cyclopropyl ring of this molecule. A high yielding radiochemical synthesis of γ-cyhalothrin was developed from readily available carbon-14 labeled N-t-Boc protected glycine. This seven step synthesis, followed by a preparative normal phase HPLC separation of diastereomers, provided 21.8 mCi of γ-cyhalothrin-1-14C (1b) with >98% radiochemical purity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalization of a theorem of duchon on products of vector measures

In this note we observe that Theorem 2 of [8] can be reformulated in such a way that it is actually applicable in situations other than those where projective tensor products of vector measures are being considered. In fact using this reformulation we easily obtain the major theorem of [lo] on the existence of the inductive tensor product of two vector measures. Other possible applications are also indicated. Let X, Y, and 2 be Hausdorff locally convex spaces whose topologies are defined by the bases of continuous seminorms 8, d, and W, respectively, (in the terminology of [19, p. 631). A ssume that U: X x Y + 2 is a continuous bilinear map and for brevity write U(X, y) = xy. Let M, N be nonvoid sets and ,4?, JV u-algebras of subsets of M and N, respectively. For r ES? and q E 9 if CL: JC? ---f X is a finitely additive set function, we define the semivariation of TV with respect to u to be the set function
Design of a knowledge-based performance progress monitor

Abstract In production processes that involve transitions between several states, evaluation of progress at each state of the process can determine the optimum time to prescribe a state change. If the decision to move from one state to another is structured well and based solely on deterministic facts, a standard programmable controller (PLC) can be used. However, when progress decisions are less structured and based on complex interdependent information and heuristic rules, a knowledge-based expert system is a more appropriate evaluation tool. Examples of such processes are in manufacturing, education, health care, and training. An architecture combining a knowledge-based system with a PLC process interface is proposed to monitor progress in process performance and recommend the appropriate next state of the process. The system uses real-time data acquisition, rule-based expert system reasoning, and data-base storage of progress criteria. Experiments with an Interactive Robotic Device and handicapped children provided the motivation for this research and a prototype application to demonstrate the concepts. Results showed the progress monitor capable of prescribing progress and regress between three levels of learning complexity.
"La noche de los dones" o sobre una teoría narrativa del proceso gnoseológico

En este articulo sostengo que Borges, en “La noche de los dones”, postula una teoria narrativa del proceso del conocimiento. Para esclarecer esta cuestion, en primer lugar explico que quiere decir teoria narrativa del proceso gnoseologico. Seguidamente, sostengo que, pese a que dicha teoria se formula siguiendo la teo-ria de las Ideas de Platon, Borges relocaliza los materiales de denominacion grie-ga a partir de una narracion gauchesca, que exhibe caracteristicas antiplatonicas cruciales. Esto le permite a Borges considerar el acto mismo de narrar como el centro de la pregunta que interroga por el origen del conocimiento humano.
Medical school and residency performances of students admitted with and without an admission interview.

In 1982 the Brown University Program in Medicine eliminated the personal interview from its process of selecting applicants for admission to medical school. This study compares the 113 M.D.-program students admitted to the first three classes (entering between 1983 and 1985) without an interview wit
Simultaneous epitaxy and substrate out-diffusion at a metal-semiconductor interface: Fe/GaAs(001)- c (8×2)

We have combined high-angular-resolution Auger-electron diffraction, kinematical scattering calculations, low-energy-electron diffraction (done in a pulse-counting mode), and high-energy-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the formation of the Fe/GaAs(001)-c(8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) interface. We find that clusters of bcc Fe at least three atomic layers deep grow in registry with the substrate for coverages up to \ensuremath{\sim}4 monolayer equivalents. These clusters contain Ga and As atoms which have been liberated from the GaAs substrate. Above this coverage, the clusters coalesce into a continuous bcc Fe matrix with a lattice constant equal to half that of GaAs and with principal crystallographic axes parallel to those of the substrate. This epitaxial Fe overlayer contains Ga and As in solution in the bcc lattice with the impurity atoms occupying interstitial face-center sites. The concentration of Ga and As decreases with distance from the GaAs substrate. At the same time, we find clear evidence for surface segregation of As and enrichment of the near-surface region.
Infinite Joins that Are Finitely Join-Irreducible*

Complete lattices are studied which contain an element u which is not the join of a finite set of smaller elements, but is the join of all elements <u.
Between Brain and Imaging Hype

The authors offer a set of cautionary essays on unproven or incorrect claims about the applications of neuroimaging.
Stretching and alignment in chaotic and turbulent flows

Abstract The kinematical and dynamical issues involved in stretching and alignment in chaotic and turbulent flows are examined. Dynamical systems tools, such as Lyapunov exponents, are discussed in the context of fluid mechanical problems and their connection with stretching rates in turbulent flows. Formalisms for the stretching and alignment of passive scalars, passive vectors and nonpassive vectors are developed and the interplay between kinematics and dynamics emphasized. This enables us to compare and contrast the behavior of line elements, gradients of scalar fields, vorticity and magnetic field lines.
Complex proximal ulna fractures: outcomes of surgical treatment

To review the results of plating of various fracture patterns of proximal ulna fractures including isolated olecranon fractures, olecranon fractures combined with a coronoid fracture, and olecranon fractures combined with a coronoid and radial head fracture. The study included 38 patients with either an isolated olecranon fracture or combined injuries, all treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the olecranon. Other procedures were performed as needed, including radial head fixation or arthroplasty, fixation of the coronoid, and repair of the lateral collateral ligament complex. There were 27 men and 11 women with an average age of 49 years. Clinical and radiographic assessment was obtained at an average follow-up time of 15 and 8.4 months, respectively. All fractures healed within 5 months. The average arc of ulnohumeral motion was 91° (range 0°–140°); average pronation–supination arc was 128° (range 0°–180°). Subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant lower rotational motion arc in patients with associated radial head (73°) or coronoid fractures (68°) compared to isolated olecranon fractures. All other parameters including ulnohumeral motion, complication rate, and revision rate were similar among the groups. A stable, functional elbow can be restored in most patients with proximal ulna fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Loss of full flexion is likely with high-energy trauma, complex fracture patterns, and concomitant injuries. Fracture patterns involving the coronoid and/or the radial head are associated with restricted forearm rotation. III
Genetic criteria for Huntington's disease pathogenesis

Genetic analysis aims to identify the variations in DNA sequence whose functional consequences produce heritable variations in phenotype. In one of the first successes of unbiased molecular genetic analysis in human disease, the Huntington's disease (HD) gene was mapped and cloned without any prior knowledge of the nature of its protein product or of the molecular defect that underlies the characteristic phenotype of the disorder. However, while the cloning of HD and recognition of its trinucleotide repeat expansion spawned a plethora of approaches to investigating HD through its distinctive neuropathology, the role for genetic strategies in HD research did not end there. The use of genetic analysis has remained a critical tool for defining the characteristics of the mechanism that triggers the pathogenic process, permitting the investigation of early events that occur long before traditionally recognized pathology. Delineation of these events can reveal molecular targets for development of therapies that prevent onset of HD. Most recently, an extension of genetic analysis to the identification of non-linked genetic variations that alter the course of HD pathogenesis has offered the promise of identifying modifier genes to reveal biological pathways active throughout the disease process and to provide valid targets for pharmacological intervention. Thus, unbiased genetic strategies have not only provided a crucial entree into molecular investigation of HD via a root cause that was previously unsuspected, they also represent a continuing route to accelerate the ultimate goal of developing an effective treatment for HD.
«La fuite retournée»: echoes in du Bellay's poetry

L'echo, chez Du Bellay, se retrouve tant au niveau des jeux sonores, pratiques a l'interieur du texte, que de celui de l'intertextualite. L'A. entreprend d'en etudier les apparitions, et met cette pratique en relation avec une reflexion de l'ecrivain sur le temps, l'immortalite, l'imitation, l'absence et la presence
Estimates for the efficient production of antihydrogen by lasers of very high intensities

Starting from the non-linear relativistic equations of motion for charged particles in the very high intensity fields of laser radiation, the maximum kinetic energy ɛkin of the resulting oscillation is derived exactly. In non-relativistic conditions ɛkin agrees with the well-known valuee2Ev2/(2m0ω2|n|), showing a dependence on the rest massm0 of the particle. In the relativistic case, the mass dependence vanishes. The multipole radiation is calculated on the basis of Sommerfeld's formula for relativistic conditions. It is shown that this radiation is not important for oscillation energies up to\( \in _{kin^{mr} } \)=70m0c2 for electrons in neodymium glass laser radiation and up to higher values for CO2 lasers and for protons. With the limitationm0c2 < ekin <\( \in _{kin^{mr} } \), the formula for ɛkin is used to calculate the pair production (a) for singly oscillating particles in vacuum without collisions and (b) for plasmas with collisions. Taking into account the local increase of the effective electric laser field near the cut-off density due to the decrease of ¦n¦ (n is the complex refractive index), there is the possibility of efficient proton pair production at intensities of 1019 W cm−2 for neodymium glass lasers and of 1017 W cm−2 for CO2 lasers, besides electron pair production.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in muscle tissue of marine mammals from the Northwest Atlantic

Abstract There are virtually no data available on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in marine mammals. Total PAH concentrations were determined in terms of chrysene and petroleum hydrocarbon equivalents in muscle tissues of four species of seals and six species of whales from waters around Newfoundland and Labrador. Values expressed on a dry weight basis ranged from 0.10 to 1.21 ppm in terms of chrysene equivalents and 0.26 to 5.51 ppm in terms of petroleum equivalents. The relatively high levels found in some animals from fishing areas demonstrates a need for more comprehensive information on PAH in marine mammals.
Unraveling Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers

Polymer semiconductors have picked up the pace in the constant search for new and better electronic materials. High carrier mobility is an essential figure-of-merit for their applications as thin-film transistors (TFTs), solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. Polymers are disordered materials with partial crystallinity, and disorder introduces localized electronic states at the band edges—the so-called band tail—that trap electrons and reduce mobility. Reaching a mobility of 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 was the result of engineering polymers with increased crystallinity to reduce the effect of band tail states. Reported mobilities have recently surged to between about 5 and 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 ( 1 ), but the polymers are less ordered, according to some structural measurements. Two recent papers help resolve this puzzle. Zhang et al. ( 2 ) use a combination of structural probes to show that the high-mobility polymers gain longer-range structural order, if not high crystallinity, by having a more rigid backbone. Noriega et al. ( 3 ) provide a careful analysis of the role of disorder in charge transport for the specific case of polymers, and conclude that high crystallinity is not essential for high mobility.
Warm blood cardioplegia

Between 1990 and 1992, 346 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass procedures. Ninety-eight patients (group A) from 1990 served as historical controls, and 248 patients (group B) from 1991 to 1992 served as a prospective, consecutive cohort for statistical comparison. The two groups varied in the type of myocardial protection used: intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia was used in group A and continuous warm blood cardioplegia in group B. (Two patients in group A received intermittent cold blood cardioplegia, and these 2 patients are grouped with the crystalloid group for the sake of convenience. The presence or absence of these 2 patients did not alter the group A statistics in any noticeable manner). Class IV high-risk groups demonstrated a 63% reduction in mortality (p = 0.07), and overall group B experienced a 28% reduction in mortality (4.4% versus 6.1%; p = not significant), an 86% reduction in perioperative myocardial infarction rate (1.6% versus 12.2%; p < 0.05), a 20% reduction in postoperative bleeding (275 versus 345 mL.day-1.m-2), and a marked reduction in reentry rates (p = 0.05). Also noted was a 32% reduction in postoperative ventilation requirements (25 versus 37 hours; p = 0.05). Less inotrope was required and intraoperative stroke was not seen in the patients with warm blood cardioplegia. Group B patients were less likely to have development of complex postoperative arrhythmias. Ventricular fibrillation at unclamping was noticeably rare (2.0% in group B versus 84% in group A; p < 0.05). The average group B heart resumed sinus rhythm 72 seconds after declamping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Replicon size and rate of fork movement in early S of higher plant cells (Pisum sativum).

Abstract Measurements of chromosomal DNA fiber replication of cells of cultured pea root meristems in early S via autoradiography showed a 3-fold increase in rate of fork movement in the first 2 h. The initial rate was 4.5–6 μm h−1 but forks active after 90 min moved at nearly 18 μm h−1. The faster movement was not characteristic of all replicons. Certain fibers consisted of replicons of a smaller mean size (38–42 μm) with slowly moving forks (4.5–6 μm h−1 fork−1) and others had replicons almost 50 μm long with forks that moved more rapidly.
Discrete spectrum of rotor periods in an excitable medium

Abstract This paper answers by example a 15-year-old question about wave propagation in autonomous continuous excitable media: Does the stable vortex-like solution, situated far from boundaries in a uniform, isotropic, simply-connected, two-dimensional medium necessarily have a unique rotational period determined by the parameters of the medium? The answer is “no”, by numerical construction of rotors of distinct periods coexisting in a given medium.
Challenges of implementing cyber-physical security solutions in body area networks

Cyber-physical approach to securing Body Area Networks (BANs) provides solutions that are plug-n-play and transparent to its users. These Cyber-Physical Security Solutions (CPSS) actively involve characteristics from the physical environment. As a result they require a combination of signal processing (to extract features from the physical environment) and security primitives to function. In this paper we outline some of our experiences while implementing Plethysmogram based Key Agreement (PKA) - a CPSS - that uses Photoplethysmogram (PPG) based features for key agreement. Given the limited capabilities (computation, memory, power) of individual sensor nodes in a BAN, implementing CPSS for them is challenging. We therefore design Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based hardware add-on for sensor nodes in a BAN, dedicated to execute PKA. The main contributions of this work are: 1) description of our experiences in implementation of PKA on FPGA platform; 2) identification of the design goals and trade-offs for validating implementation of CPSS; and 3) a discussion on the feasibility of a software implementation of PKA based on our experience gained from the FPGA prototyping.
Biotransformation of selected monoterpenes under nitrate-reducing conditions

Batch experiments were conducted to assess both the biotransformation potentials of one hydrocarbon (α-pinene) and four alcohol monoterpenes (arbanol, linalool, plinol, and α-terpineol) under nitrate-reducing conditions at 23 °C, as well as their effects on the nitrate-reducing process. A mixed, nitrate-reducing culture developed from a forest-soil extract was enriched using ethanol as the electron donor and used in this study. α-Pinene was not biotransformed under the conditions of this study and inhibited both ethanol and nitrate utilization. Partial transformation of the alcohol monoterpenes was observed and resulted in inhibition of the nitrate-reducing process and cessation of further utilization of the added monoterpenes. Accumulation of biotransformation products – mainly hydrocarbon monoterpenes such as camphene, β-myrcene, and d-limonene – was observed. The hydrocarbon monoterpenes formed may have been responsible for the observed inhibition of the nitrate-reducing process and lack of complete utilization of the alcohol monoterpenes. These results have significant implications for the expected rate and extent of biotransformation of monoterpenes under anoxic conditions as well as their effect on the nitrate-reducing process in both engineered and natural systems.
Evaluation of a Conceptual Distribution Automation System

A methodology used to evaluate technical and economic feasibility of selected distritution automation functions, based on a conceptual implementation on a small 13.2 kV distribution system, is presented. Distribution substation, feeder, and user related control and monitoring functions were chosen. The methodology used involves comoarison of non-automated and automated distribution system expansion plans to identify most beneficial functions. The specific economic evaluation results, incluiding the benefit/cost ratios of the functions, are expected to form the basis for a future paper.
Age-Related Differences in Positional Dispersion of Fixations in a Multitask Environment

The present study focused on identifying eye-tracking measures that can provide insight into the nature of age-related differences in multitasking abilities. While participating in a multitask paradigm, participants’ eye-movements, performance data, and subjective information were collected. An investigation of the nature of eye movements between younger (18-25 years of age) and older (50-65 years of age) adults revealed that while no differences between fixation counts or fixation durations were observed, the dispersion of fixations was significantly different. Specifically, the fixations of younger adults were more diffuse than those of older adults, whose fixations were significantly more concentrated on the screen. In addition, performance differences between the two age groups were observed, with younger adults performing significantly better than older adults. These results demonstrate that unobtrusive psychophysiological measures can be observed in conjunction with the age-related performance diffe...
Solving Mass Balance Problems in Coal Processing Using the Constrained/ Weighted Least-Squares Method

The use of the constrained/weighted least-squares method for solving the mass balance problems of separators with multi-product streams in coal preparation plants is described. An algorithm was developed to solve consistent data and to estimate relative mass flow rates of coal product streams (yields) referenced to the feed from the measured density distribution and size distribution. These consistent data can be used for the process evaluation and calculation of chemical composition distribution of the products in coal preparation. To estimate reliable and meaningful mass balance results, while conserving mass in the system, this algorithm includes additional constraints: the sum of component data must equal one hundred percent, and individual component datum must have a non-negative value. The effect of weighting factors on the mass balance solutions is presented, and the weight procedure to minimize the sum squares of errors between measured data and adjusted data, and ensure that statistically adjuste...