cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocrinology of uterine fibroids: steroid hormones, stem cells, and genetic contribution.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Uterine fibroids are extremely common, and can cause significant morbidity, yet the exact cause of these tumors remains elusive and there are currently no long-term treatments available. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of steroid hormones, genetic abnormalities, and stem cells in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. RECENT FINDINGS A universal feature of fibroids is responsiveness to estrogen and progesterone, and most of the currently available therapies exploit this characteristic. Ulipristal acetate has recently shown particular promise for providing long-term relief from uterine fibroids. Additionally, fibroid stem cells were isolated and appear to be necessary for growth. The recent discovery of somatic mutations involving mediator subunit complex 12 (MED12) or high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in the majority of fibroids and the links to their pathophysiology were also significant advances. SUMMARY The recent shift in focus from hormones to fibroid stem cells and genetic aberrations should lead not only to a deeper understanding of the specific cause of fibroids, but also to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Targeting the products of genetic mutations or fibroid stem cells has the potential to achieve both better control of current tumors and the prevention of new fibroids.
Self-Healing Adjustable Memory System

The development of 3D integration has spawned the idea of a new generation of memory based on 3D stackable chips. It is believed that the first commercial application of 3D integration will be most likely in the commodity of memory space. In an era where there is a continuous demand for larger, faster, denser and robust memories, 3D stackable memory settles in perfectly. With technology advancements in space related applications, the need for memory storage in space systems has increased like systems in terrestrial related applications. Unfortunately technology scaling is having a negative effect on the robustness (low yield and higher sensitivity to radiation effects) of the memories and 3D stackable memory is no exception. The present work proposes an efficient way to control a 3D stacked memory system along with a unique healing technique against physical errors in memory arrays, wear out faults, hard errors (e.g. stuck bits) and errors due to memory yield problems. It revives the system from all single point hard errors and detects all single point soft errors. It uses two main concepts for this purpose including PUF technology for memory mapping and RAID for data restoration. The estimated time delay increase due to using our proposed method is presented in this paper. The extra delay is a trade-off for achieving more robustness against a simple memory controller without any fault tolerance.
The isolation, identification and synthesis of the alarm pheromone of Vespula squamosa (Drury) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and associated behavior

A material that elicits alarm and attack behavior byVespula squamosa (Drury) workers was isolated from venom extracts and identified by spectroscopic methods as N-3-methylbutylacetamide. This compound elicited attack responses from worker wasps identical to those responses observed when venom was applied at the same dosage. This is the first behavioral role reported for this compound.
Study on Test for Installation Malposition Detection of Cable Joint Stress Cone

This paper imitates installation malposition defect of cable joint stress cone and establishes relevant detection test platform.It compares and analyzes effectiveness and sensitivity of typical testing methods for detecting installation malposition of cable joint stress cone such as partial discharge detection of damped oscillation wave voltage method,power frequency AC withstand voltage test and partial discharge online detection.Testing result shows that these three testing methods are all effective to detect malposition defect of cable stress cone and sensitivity of damped oscillation wave voltage method is rather higher to realize precise positioning.Thus,it suggests to use partial discharge detection of damped oscillation wave voltage method and power frequency AC withstand voltage test to proceed handing over acceptance test for 10 kV cable which is to put forward lead of insulated state detection gate of the cable.In addition,it proposes to use partial discharge online detection method to check insulated state of operating cable.
Schaechter’s Mechanisms of Microbial Disease (4th ed.)

Microbial diseases and the microbes that cause said diseases are prevalent throughout the world. Indeed, there are a bewildering amount of causative agents for microbial disease and keeping track of them is a monumental task. The 4th edition of Schaechter’s Mechanisms of Microbial Disease does an admirable job of presenting a wide selection of microbes and the diseases they cause in a pathological framework that is concise and understandable. The book is relatively short at 762 pages but covers a respectable amount of information in three sections and 76 chapters.
Gallium-Doped Germanium Resistance Thermometers

It has been well established that the characteristics of single-crystal germanium doped with certain impurities are suitable for resistance thermometry at low temperatures. Indium was used as the dopant by Estermann [1] and by Friedberg [2], whereas Kunzler et al. [3] have described in detail a four-lead thermometer using arsenic as the major impurity. We have employed galliumdoped germanium with an impurity concentration of about 6 · 10-16 cm-3 and find that it has a characteristic which is useful over the range from 1° to 40°K.
Strategic transformation of veterinary medicine: a perspective.

Several presentations at the 2012 Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) Annual Conference (March 7–11) provided evidence that our profession is truly in transition. AAVMC Interim Executive Director Dr. Bennie Osburn and AAVMC Deputy Director Dr. Mike Chaddock described progress in the implementation of 23 recommendations from the NAVMEC report to advance academic veterinary medicine on pivotal issues such as accreditation, testing, and licensing. Dr. Alastair Cribb, Founding Dean of the newly established Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, and Dr. Paul Gordon-Ross, Assistant Professor of the Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, presented detailed descriptions of their respective curricula that emphasize involvement of private practice partners in the off-campus education of veterinary students. A special session entitled ‘‘Challenges and Opportunities in Food Supply Veterinary Medicine’’ was highlighted by Dr. Bennie Osburn’s presentation of data developed by Dr. Alan Kelly on the future workforce needs of the fundamental role of veterinarians. These data, generated over several decades, paint an alarmingly clear pattern of declining involvement, demand, and incentives for veterinary practitioners in food-animal production. Another session devoted to companion-animal primary health care presents a contrasting picture of innovation, growth, and rewards for pet-animal practitioners. All of these sign posts of transition were capped by the 2012 AAVMC Recognition Lecture by Economist Dr. Malcolm Getz, author of the 1997 book Veterinary Medicine in Economic Transition.1 Among the more controversial recommendations that Dr. Getz made to reduce the cost of veterinary education was his idea to create a two-tier system of limited education and training for practitioners and more ‘‘advanced’’ education of a top tier for veterinarians trained by the current ‘‘complete’’ curriculum. Consequently, the drum beat of discourse on changes demanded of our profession, initiated by the divergent opinions expressed in previous issues of the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education (JVME) by Drs. Peter Eyre2 and Robert R. Marshak continues to stimulate healthy expression of opinions on these urgent and prophetic topics for the future of veterinary medicine. The following two commentaries by Drs. Reynolds and Habtemariam are a continuation of this provocative series. I hope that other leaders of our profession will use this venue to contribute to this vital debate.
Mechanisms in the relation between GABRA2 and adolescent externalizing problems.

Conduct problems, alcohol problems and hyperactive–inattentive symptoms co-occur at a high rate and are heritable in adolescence. The γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor, α2 gene (GABRA2) is associated with a broad spectrum of externalizing problems and disinhibitory-related traits. The current study tested whether two important forms of disinhibition in adolescence, impulsivity and sensation seeking, mediated the effects of GABRA2 on hyperactive–inattentive symptoms, conduct problems, and alcohol problems. Participants were assessed at two waves (11–17 and 12–18 years old; N = 292). Analyses used the GABRA2 SNP, rs279858, which tags the two complementary (yin–yang) GABRA2 haplotypes. Multiple informants reported on adolescents’ impulsivity and sensation seeking and adolescents self-reported their hyperactive–inattentive symptoms, conduct problems and lifetime alcohol problems. Impulsivity mediated the effect of GABRA2 on alcohol problems, hyperactive–inattentive symptoms, and conduct problems, whereas sensation seeking mediated the effect of GABRA2 on alcohol problems (AA/AG genotypes conferred risk). GABRA2 directly predicted adolescent alcohol problems, but the GG genotype conferred risk. Results suggest that there may be multiple pathways of risk from GABRA2 to adolescent externalizing problems, and suggest important avenues for future research.
Half-metallic Dirac cone in zigzag graphene nanoribbons on graphene

The Dirac electrons of graphene, an intrinsic zero gap semiconductor, uniquely carry spin and pseudospin that give rise to many fascinating electronic and transport properties. While isolated zigzag graphene nanoribbons are antiferromagnetic semiconductors, we show by means of first-principles and tight-binding calculations that zigzag graphene nanoribbons supported on graphene are half metallic as a result of spin- and pseudospin-symmetry breaking. In particular, half-metallic Dirac cones are formed at $K ({K}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ near the Fermi level. The present results demonstrate that the unique combination of spin and pseudospin in zigzag graphene nanoribbons may be used to manipulate the electronic properties of graphene, and may have practical implications for potential graphene-based nanoelectronic applications.
An Elastic Riemannian Framework for Shape Analysis of Curves and Tree-Like Structures

Shape analysis of complex structures formed by Euclidean curves and trees are of interest in many scientific domains. The difficulty in this analysis comes from: (1) Manifold representations of curves and trees, and (2) need for the analysis to be invariant to certain shape-preserving transformations. Additionally, one is faced with the difficult task of registering points and parts across objects during shape comparisons. We present a Riemannian framework to solve this problem as follows: we select an elastic Riemannian metric that is invariant to the action of re-parameterization group and use a square-root velocity function to transform this metric into the \(\mathbb {L}^2\) norm. Re-parameterization of objects is considered to control registrations across objects, and an inherited distance on the quotient space of shape representations modulo shape-preserving transformations forms the shape metric. The resulting framework is used to compute geodesic paths and sample means, and to discover modes of variability in sample shapes. We demonstrate these ideas using some simple examples involving planar shapes and neuron morphology.
“Cinderella” in Reverse: Eroticizing Bodily Labor of Sympathetic Men in K-Pop Dance Practice Video

Focusing on K-pop male singers’ dance practice videos on YouTube and fans’ comments, Oh provides a lively and insightful analysis on the intersection of female spectatorship and male sexuality. Examining the bodily labor of the male dancers and their harsh working conditions displayed in the videos, Oh explores why female viewers are drawn to these low-budget dance practice videos. Oh highlights the female desire that eroticizes sympathetically the physical and economic circumstances of the male dancers, which the author calls the Cinderella complex in reverse. The chapter guides readers on alternative ways of reading Asian masculinity and demystifying male sexuality in relation to issues of the body, class, and female spectatorship.
Creativity in unethical behavior attenuates condemnation and breeds social contagion when transgressions seem to create little harm

Abstract Across six studies, people judged creative forms of unethical behavior to be less unethical than less creative forms of unethical behavior, particularly when the unethical behaviors imposed relatively little direct harm on victims. As a result of perceiving behaviors to be less unethical, people punished highly creative forms of unethical behavior less severely than they punished less-creative forms of unethical behavior. They were also more likely to emulate the behavior themselves. The findings contribute to theory by showing that perceptions of competence can positively color morality judgments, even when the competence displayed stems from committing an unethical act. The findings are the first to show that people are judged as morally better for performing bad deeds well as compared to performing bad deeds poorly. Moreover, the results illuminate how the characteristics of an unethical behavior can interact to influence the emulation and diffusion of that behavior.
An Evaluation of Publishing Practices of Child and Adult Neurologists in High Impact Neurology Journals (P04.258)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the publishing practices of both child and adult neurologists as it relates to the official journals of their respective professional societies. BACKGROUND: Neurology is the official journal of the American Academy of Neurology, while Annals of Neurology (Annals) is the official journal of the Child Neurology Society. DESIGN/METHODS: Entrez Programming Utilities (E-Utilities) is a set of application programmer interfaces (APIs) available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Using E-Utilities the PUBMED database was queried for all journal articles with abstracts which were published in either Neurology or Annals from January 1st, 2000 to Dec 31st 2009 and were authored by either a board certified child or adult neurologist. These results were exported into spreadsheet format and analyzed for relevant data. RESULTS: When controlled for the ratio of adult to child neurologists (7.78:1) and the ratio of articles in Neurology to Annals (3.33:1), the average child neurologist published 1.08 articles in Annals and 1.00 articles in Neurology. The average adult neurologist published 0.97 articles in Annals and 1.04 articles in Neurology. The average article published in Annals had 2.21 child neurologists and 1.98 adult neurologists as authors while those published in Neurology had 2.04 child neurologists and 2.11 adult neurologists as authors. CONCLUSIONS: When controlled for the ratio of child to adult neurologists and journal volume, child neurologists tend to publish more frequently in Annals while adult neurologists tend to publish more frequently in Neurology. The articles in Annals tend to have more child than adult neurologists as authors while the opposite is true for Neurology. This method can be refined to further investigate the research and publishing tendencies of physicians, various specialties, and academic departments. Disclosure: Dr. Dye has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anastasi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gilbert has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Pediatrics Review and Education Program. Dr. Gilbert has received research support from Psyadon Pharmaceuticals and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals.
Measurements of the oscillatory and slowly-varying components of the solar velocity field

Solar velocity field decomposition into oscillatory and slowly varying components by spectroheliograms with high spatial resolution
The Dynamics of Health Care Reform: Bitter Pills Old and New

The United States is at a crossroads—albeit one it has visited several times before. Although the Supreme Court has ruled upon the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), the polarizing controversy surrounding national health care that began several generations ago is likely to continue into the foreseeable future. In this latest round of national debates, the issue of health care has been framed exclusively as a domestic issue. But history shows that the question of national healthcare in the United States is also an extremely important issue for international law and international politics. To shed light on the overlooked nexus between the PPACA, U.S. constitutional law, and international human rights law, this Article examines the debates surrounding healthcare and human rights that occupied the nation’s attention over six decades ago. In the late 1940s, the controversy over President Harry Truman’s national healthcare plan became known as the nation’s “Great Debate.” But because Truman’s plan never actually became law, this episode of American history has largely escaped the attention of legal scholars. This mid-century debate over healthcare reform has had a profound impact on contemporary domestic and international legal institutions. This Article reveals how, beginning in 1948, the debate over healthcare set in motion a series of political precedents, social practices, and legal interpretations that have influenced every subsequent battle over U.S. healthcare. But in particular, this early debate over healthcare was an important factor in the historic decision in 1952 to divide the Covenant on Human Rights (the Covenant) into the two treaties we have today—the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
Caring for Children and Meeting Mission Needs: Experiences of Parents in Dual-Military Families

ABSTRACTThe military has implemented policies and programs to support military members in dealing with child care issues. The current study examines dual-military parents' attitudes toward child care issues in the military. Using qualitative data from 17 focus groups conducted at 6 military installations, the authors review dual-military parents' perceptions of the Family Care Plan and on-post child care services. The results suggest 3 key issues related to the Family Care Plan (organization-related stressors, care-related stressors, and noncompliance stressors) and two key issues related to on-post child care (structural obstacles to using on-post child care, and dual-military personnel strategies).
Genetic exchange in Bacillus subtilis in soil

Genetically labelled strains of Bacillus subtilis have been shown to exchange blocks of linked genes while growing together in soil. After eight days of incubation, 79% of unselected colony-forming units exhibited a phenotype containing markers from both parents; the parental strains were not detected after the first day of incubation. High frequencies of trans-formation were also obtained by adding genetically labelled deoxyribonucleic acid to single-strain soil cultures. Observed linkage of genetic markers was greater in soil transformation than in standard laboratory procedures. The results indicate that transformation may play an important role in the adaptation of the Bacilli to their natural habitat.
Abstract 17789: Externally Applied Vibroacoustic Stimulation (VATS) Enhances Thrombolytic Activity of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) in an in-vitro Model of Acute Stroke

Background: Thrombotic ischemic stroke affects over 400,000 people in the United States annually and a third leading cause of mortality. Thrombolysis in occluded arteries may reduce brain injury if...
Igniting the Internet: Youth and Activism in Postauthoritarian South Korea

Despite the World Wide Web turning 27 years old in 2018, the prospect of internet activism continues to both fascinate and frighten. Jiyeon Kang’s book, Igniting the Internet: Youth and Activism in...
Overexpression of HOMER2 predicts better outcome in low-grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma

Summary We have previously shown that HOMER2 (Homer scaffolding protein 2), a protein coding gene, was highly expressed in low grade (LG) endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) of the uterus. The role of HOMER2 in endometrial cancer (EC) is widely unknown; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression and the predictive value of HOMER2 protein expression in series of patients with EC. HOMER2 protein expression was detected on paraffin-embedded tissues from 336 cases using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Tumours were categorised in two groups; group 1 (EAC, FIGO grade 1 and 2; n = 191) and group 2 (all other subtypes including grade 3 EAC; n = 145). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between HOMER2 protein expression and pathological parameters (histological type, grade, stage, lymphovascular invasion, myometrial depth of invasion) and patient outcome [progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS)]. HOMER2 was significantly overexpressed in group 1 compared to group 2 cancers (67% versus 30%; p 0.05). This is the first study of HOMER2 protein expression in EC. We speculate that HOMER2 may be involved in tumourigenesis of endometrioid uterine tumours and suggest that HOMER2 should be studied further for potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
Who wants to play? Cueing perceived sex-based stereotypes of games

Abstract Male/female-based stereotypes appear to be widespread, providing a potential barrier to women's participation and success in gaming contexts, such as recreational gaming, competitive eSports, and game-based learning. Differences in the strength of stereotypes associated with different kinds of games, which would have implications for reducing these barriers, are currently unknown. In an online between-participants experiment manipulating the platform (analog tabletop, digital tablet computer, digital desktop computer) of the game Splendor, 105 participants responded to questions asking them to separately rate their perceptions of men's and women's affinity for the game. Confirming extant research on gaming stereotypes, they perceived women as having less of an affinity for this game. While this trend emerged similarly between all platforms of the game depicted, the magnitude of this difference was less when participants had a stronger social group identification with gamers. These perceptions did not depend on social group identification with women. Given the potential for stereotypes to discourage women from gaming and threaten their performance and learning in gaming contexts, as well as the prominent and persistent public interest in gaming, we suggest researchers further examine stereotypes and identity in the study of diverse games, game platforms, and powerful perceptions.
Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with ventricular tachycardia? A retrospective study from the National Inpatient Sample and a literature review on the pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known independent risk factor for a multiple cardiovascular morbidities and mortality. The association of OSA and ventricular arrhythmias is less well understood. The aim of this analysis is to study the relationship between OSA and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. HYPOTHESIS OSA is associated with increased ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS Data from the national inpatient sample (NIS) 2012 to 2014, were reviewed. Discharges associated with OSA were identified as the target population using the relevant ICD-9-CM codes. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the OSA population. Secondary outcomes include the rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiac arrest. Multivariable analyses were performed to examine the association of VT with multiple potential confounding clinical variables. RESULTS Of 18 013 878 health encounters, 943 978 subjects (5.24%) had a diagnosis of OSA. VT and VF were more prevalent among patients with OSA compared to those without a diagnosis of OSA (2.24% vs 1.16%; P < 0.001 and 0.3% vs 0.2%; P < 0.001, respectively). Odds ratio for cardiac arrest in OSA group was not statistically significant (1, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.02, P < 0.76). In unadjusted analyses, all examined comorbidities were significantly more common in those with OSA, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. CONCLUSION OSA is associated with increased rates of ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
Correction to: The Microvascular Pericyte: Approaches to Isolation, Characterization, and Cultivation

The author has spotted an error on page 61, in the middle of the second paragraph from bottom. The content has been revised and the corrected version is as follows.
Semantic Encoding Strategy Training in Foreign Language Acquisition: The Modern Standard Arabic Model

This paper is devoted to applied linguistics literature seeking maximization of the effectiveness of foreign language teaching and learning strategies. The researcher highlights ‘information processing in human brain’ to indicate the role of ‘semantic encoding’ in foreign language acquisition. He refers to two experiments conducted by “Demb et al” and “Kirchhoff et al”. The paper demonstrates Brodmann’s cortical areas involved in semantic encoding during intentional encoding. The researcher provides a model of ‘semantic encoding strategy training’ application in MSA learning setting.
The preparation of 2,6-diaminopyrazine, 2,6-diazidopyrazine and some of their derivatives

A much improved synthesis of the heretofore difficultly obtainable 2,6-diaminopyrazine (4) was afforded by the low-pressure catalytic hydrogenation (palladium on carbon) of 2,6-diazido-pyrazine (2); reaction of 2,6-dichloropyrazine (1) and sodium azide gave 2 in 84% yield. The outcome of the reduction was found to be solvent dependent: 1,2-dimethoxyethane containing aqueous ammonia gave 4 in 83% yield; 1,2-dimethoxyethane alone gave 5-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrazine (3) in 26% yield. Additional alternative syntheses of 3 and 4 are described. A number of acyl and azo derivatives of 4 were prepared. Reactions of 2 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and ethyl acetate (base catalyzed) leading to vic-triazole derivatives are also described.
Sounds Like HBO: The Politics of Mold in Treme's Opening Credits

Abstract:This essay considers the affective politics and corporate strategy at the heart of HBO's Treme. It examines how the show's opening credits across its four seasons reveal a paradoxical inex...
Evaluating the psychometric qualities of the edTPA in the context of pre-service music teachers:

The Educative Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) is a widely implemented performance assessment in the United States used to indicate the readiness of pre-service teachers to enter the classroo...
The Renunciation of Robert E. Park: Myths about his Sociological Work

Three pernicious myths that have been perpetuated about Robert E. Park merit our present attention. These myths are important because they now foreclose almost any chance of him ever becoming recognized as the true progenitor of the interactionist school of thought or of latter-day sociologist from building on his work. The first myth, which lays the foundation for the other two, is that he was a social Darwinist. The second and third myths, which directly follow from the first one, are that Park concocted a racist and conservative sociology. An inquiry into his sociological works published over more than a quarter of a century, however, reveals that these myths are based more on fiction than fact. Although these myths are widely maintained among present-day sociologists, they appear to be driven more by prevailing ideology than supported by hard evidence (i.e. the full written record of what Park actually argued in his sociological publications). This confusion underscores the danger of advocacy research, an approach currently in vogue in the field of sociology.
Meaning, religious/spiritual struggles, and well-being

Abstract Theoretically, religions and spirituality (R/S) can help people maintain well-being and meaning in life, but these relationships are not simple or without conflict and ambivalence. This chapter first provides an overview of theories and research linking the psychology of religion to positive psychology. A theoretical reevaluation of supernaturalism as an ambivalent aspect of R/S meaning systems follows. Then, the chapter turns to R/S struggles, which may involve conflicts with deities, supernatural evil forces, and R/S people, as well as intrapersonal turmoil about morality, R/S doubts, and a lack of meaning in life. We reframe these constructs in terms of existential threats, explaining how each R/S struggle may affect meaning through known existential challenges. A brief review of recent research connecting R/S struggles to health, well-being, and R/S meaning supports the relevance of R/S struggles to positive and existential psychology. Finally, the chapter discusses the potential for growth through R/S struggles.
Electronic Health Records: Origination, Adoption, and Progression

The electronic health record (EHR) represents the evolution and convergence of technology and administration of medicine. Its advent has significantly changed the landscape in which medical policy and process can be created. As vast amounts of data are gathered in the management of care and administration of health systems, these clinical big data provide opportunities to enhance public health practice. This work delineates core functionalities and primary and secondary uses of EHRs that are aligned with these practices, including uses of EHRs for healthcare, public health, and population health outcomes. From EHRs origins as simple billing and accounting systems, to its adoption as, and progression toward, full-fledged interactive records, the medical, public health, and governmental stakeholders have at times been at odds to ensure their concerns and requirements are adequately represented in implementations. Legislation to promote the adoption of EHRs capable of recording and reporting health data in a standardized, structured, and secure format, and technologies to facilitate the progress towards the goals of EHRs, such as achieving portability, have had varying results. Various milestones to EHR goals are discussed, with respect to legislation, regulation, policies, and the importance of standards and technologies. This work examines some lessons learned from EHR developments and implementations, which also exposes limitations, disparities, and unintended consequences of EHR adoption and progression globally. It concludes with forward looking perspectives on EHRs, a crucial cornerstone of public health informatics and information systems.
The Teacher Expectations and Values for Suicide Prevention Scale.

Abstract. Background: Teachers play a critical role in youth suicide prevention, yet few psychometrically sound instruments exist to measure teachers' expectations and values regarding suicide prev...
A critical role for MSR1 in vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the central nervous system.

Summary Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) plays an important role in host defense to bacterial infections, M2 macrophage polarization, and lipid homeostasis. However, its physiological function in viral pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Herein, we report that MSR1 facilitates vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in the central nervous system. Msr1-deficient (Msr1−/−) mice presented reduced morbidity, mortality, and viral loads in the spinal cord following lethal VSV infection, along with normal viremia and innate immune responses, compared to Msr1+/− littermates and wild-type mice. Msr1 expression was most significantly upregulated in the spinal cord, the predominant target of VSV. Mechanistically, through its extracellular domains, MSR1 interacted with VSV surface glycoprotein and facilitated its cellular entry in a low-density lipoprotein receptor-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MSR1 serves as a cofactor for VSV cellular entry and facilitates its infection preferentially in the spinal cord.
Fine-scale genetic ancestry as a potential new tool for precision medicine.

Fine-scale population structure can predict complex disease risk within groups better than self-reported race and ethnicity labels.
Brief Report: Visuospatial and Spoken Language Recall in Autism: Preliminary Findings

Challenges to verbal encoding may affect the ability of autistic individuals to express their ideas. Therefore, visuospatial expression may represent a person’s knowledge and skills more accurately than spoken language. To test this hypothesis, we asked seven autistic adults to linguistically retell and visuospatially reenact several animated clips. On average, visuospatial responses contained more correct elements than spoken responses. The level of intention of the three stimulus categories did not systematically affect response accuracy. Participants who produced visuospatial responses before spoken responses and those who had watched a greater number of stimuli assigned higher intentionality to shapes in the animations that were designed to elicit mentalizing. The modality used for expression may affect accuracy of responses by autistic individuals.
Focus on Youth

For many public libraries true collection development representing service to the full range of individuals within the community will never come as long as the literature and behavior of the library profession continue to ignore the existence of adolescents. Consigning an entire group to the category of non‐persons is unworthy of a profession purporting to be a service‐based, client‐oriented operation. When the literature of librarianship ignores adolescents, as I hope to demonstrate below, it reinforces the mind‐set of all too many librarians that service to this group is not essential and its absence from a library's program of service is at least tacitly approved of by higher authorities in librarianship.
Cellular Reactions in Infection

Publisher Summary Cellular reactions are involved primarily or secondarily in host-parasite relations, that is, either as a response to direct stimulation by the pathogen or its products or mediated by factors liberated in the primary reaction. The chapter discusses the killing of parasites by phagocytic cells and the evidence for the existence and importance of mononuclear phagocytes having an enhanced capacity to destroy intracellular parasites, apart from recognizable assistance by specific antibodies. The possible connection between such cellular immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity is a matter of great practical interest. The normal phagocyte in post-engulfment period (influence of particle ingestion on metabolic activity, intracellular kill of microorganisms, digestion of intra-cellularly killed bacteria, and facultative intracellular parasites) and the immune phagocyte such as demonstrations of cellular immunity, in vitro acquisition of cellular immunity, properties of the immune mononuclear phagocyte, nonspecific manifestations of cellular immunity, consequences of residence in immune cells, transfer of cellular immunity, relationship of cellular immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity, and the immune cell in reactions to tissue and cellular homografts are also discussed. The chapter also discusses chemotaxis and phagocytosis such as opsonins, virulence, and opsonization.
Counterpropagating Pulsed Molecular Beam Scattering

Over the past years great progress has been made in the characterization of molecular processes at the microscopic level.[1] In particular, the dynamics of a variety of photodissociation processes has been studied at the quantum state resolved level.[2] These advances have been made possible through the application of ever more sophisticated laser spectroscopic techniques; often combined with molecular beam techniques.[3] In the study of bimolecular collision processes, progress has been much more difficult to achieve. The main reason is the difficulty in combining laser spectroscopic techniques with the typical crossed beam set-up[4] while at the same time achieving single collision condition and sufficiently high signal levels. These problems are especially severe if angular resolved product distributions are to be detected employing pulsed lasers with inherently low duty cycle. Final state resolved integral cross sections have been determined using infrared absorption[5], laser induced fluorescence[6, 7] or resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI).[8, 9] Combining a conventional crossed molecular beam setup with laser induced fluorescence detection. Gentry et al. were able to measure state resolved differential Cross sections for the scattering of NO from Ar.[10] A very elegant method based on Rydberg atom tagging has been developed by Schnieder et al. [11] Its application to the reaction H+H2 and its isotopic variants has demonstrated excellent sensitivity and angular resolution.
Why do rich people buy life insurance

With the aging population of the U.S., questions of estate planning have grown in importance. For the wealthiest Americans, the federal estate tax can destroy almost half of their wealth. Because of the special tax treatment of death benefits, life insurance has been used for many years to mitigate the impact of estate taxes. This paper looks at actual life insurance holdings to determine if there is evidence that life insurance is being used for this purpose. The results suggest that life insurance is being used for estate tax purposes and this motivates modeling of wealth accumulation impacted by estate taxes. The intent of the model is to show how changes in the estate tax and/or tax treatment of life insurance would change the accumulation of wealth by individuals. This modeling is important, as new estate tax reforms are likely given that the current reforms expire at the end of 2010.
Alteration of sodium transport by the choroid plexus with amiloride.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production results from active transport of Na+ from blood to CSF, which is followed by H2O and anions. Amiloride reduces Na+ movement in epithelial tissues. To ascertain if amiloride alters transport of Na+ in the choroid plexus, the drug was administered either i.p. to male Sprague-Dawley rats that were bilaterally nephrectomized to determine in vivo effects, or added to artificial CSF to incubate the choroid plexus in vitro. Choroid cell [Na+] was reduced after amiloride treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the rate of 22Na uptake into the CSF and choroid plexus (CP) was decreased after amiloride. Alterations in choroid cell [Na+] and 22Na penetration into CSF and CP occurred at relatively high doses of drug (1 mumol/ml, in vitro and 100 micrograms/g in vivo), but lower doses were less effective (0.1 mumol/ml in vitro and 10 micrograms/g in vivo). It is concluded that the effects of amiloride on Na+ distribution and transport in the CP are due to inhibition of basolateral Na+-H+ exchange.
Preamble: New dimensions in evaluation

The president of the American Evaluation Association takes stock of progress in the application of evaluation findings to decision making and in the development of evaluation methods. She emphasizes the importance of credibility—through eclecticism in method and clarity of presentation—and of realism, sensitivity, and independence in relationships with decision makers.
Serum elevation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate associated with male pattern baldness in young men

Eighteen men aged 18 to 32 with rapidly progressive male pattern baldness had serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone measured. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were elevated in all patients, ranging from 340 to 730 μg/dl. The patients were otherwise healthy and serum testosterone levels were within normal limits. A control group of men of similar age without hair loss had lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels ranging from 124 to 300 μg/dl (p
Crosshole seismic testing; procedures and pitfalls

Crosshole seismic testing is a valuable technique for determining seismic velocity profiles for critical structure siting investigations. Improper field procedures, however, can result in the acceptance of apparent velocities as true velocities, leading to unconservative design values. Common pitfalls in crosshole seismic testing are (1) the use of source-receiver borehole spacings too large to enable the determination of true formation velocities, (2) the use of in-hole station spacings too large to allow resolution of thin velocity layers of interest, (3) the use of incremental traveltimes between widely spaced receiver boreholes, and (4) the naive assumption that boreholes are vertical and hence parallel. A procedure is presented whereby field programs can be more rationally planned.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure-Selective Extraction of 1--3-nm Diameter AuAg Dendrimer-Encapsulated Bimetallic Nanoparticles

The synthesis and characterization of 1−3-nm diameter, structurally well-defined, bimetallic AuAg dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) are reported. Three different bimetallic structures were examined: AuAg alloys synthesized by cocomplexation and subsequent reduction of dendrimer-encapsulated Au3+ and Ag+ and core/shell [Au](Ag) and [AuAg alloy](Ag) structures (for structured materials, brackets indicate the core metal and parentheses indicate the shell metal) synthesized by a sequential loading method. Depending on the shell metal and its oxidation state, the AuAg nanoparticles can be extracted from the dendrimer into an organic phase using different surfactants. This provides a means for analyzing the composition of the shell. UV−vis, TEM, and single-particle X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the bimetallic DENs before and after extraction and show that the extraction step does not alter the size or composition of the bimetallic nanoparticles.
Is the composite of two expansive maps expansive

Abstract We study the question whether the composite of two expansive maps is itself expansive. The answer to this question is a resounding no. We will actually establish a stronger fact. We will give an example of two dynamical systems which are topologically exact and Ruelle expanding with respect to two different, equivalent and compatible metrics, but whose composite is far from being expansive, for it is locally eventually contracting towards a fixed point a completely invariant, dense open subspace.
Rectal compliance, capacity, and rectoanal sensation in fecal incontinence

METHODS: In 22 unselected patients with fecal incontinence (21 F, 33‐75 yr), we quantified: 1) symptoms, anorectal manometry, and anal ultrasound; 2) anal perception of temperature and light touch; 3) rectal sensitivity and compliance to distension; and 4) rectal reservoir function. Control values were obtained from two groups of 11 (seven F, 32‐53 yr), and 32 (18 F, 19 ‐ 44 yr) volunteers. RESULTS: Patients had urge (14), passive (four), or combined (four) fecal incontinence; symptoms were mild in three, moderate in nine, and severe in 10 patients. Most had low sphincteric pressures and ultrasonic abnormalities. Temperature perception was impaired (p , 0.05) in incontinent patients, to a greater extent in the proximal anal canal and in patients with passive, as opposed to urge, incontinence. Intraluminal pressures for sensations of rectal distension were lower in incontinent patients (p 5 0.02). Artificial stools elicited sensations of rectal filling at lower volumes than did a barostat bag, and in patients with urge, as opposed to passive, incontinence. In patients and controls, the sensation of urgency was associated (r 2 5 0.2, p , 0.01) with rectal compliance. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that temperature sensation is impaired, and perception of rectal distension is not always reduced in fecal incontinence. Artificial stool tended to induce sensations at lower volumes than did balloon inflation. Altered sensory mechanisms may contribute to the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence. (Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2158 ‐2168. © 2001 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology)
Coping with Test Anxiety.

From the time they enter kinder garten until they complete high school, students are subjected to an increasing number of tests and eval uations. Although most students face these situations with normal amounts of nervousness, some students do not cope well in testing situations and expe rience moderate to severe anxiety, which has a detrimental effect on their test performances and, subsequently, their advancement. In teaching devel opmental reading to college freshmen, we have seen many bright, able stu dents who do poorly on tests and at tribute their performance to their ex treme nervousness coming into the test or their inability to ' 'think* ' or concen trate during the test. Frustrated by seeing these hardwork ing students perform poorly on tests, we examined the research on test anxie ty to see if we could discover ways to help them. We will present here a brief summary of the typical causes of test anxiety and discuss three ways that teachers can help their test-anxious, or even simply "test-nervous," students: by teaching effective learning strate gies, using cooperative learning, and providing a positive classroom atmos phere.
Robust optimization solution to the data hiding problem using distributed source coding principles

Inspired by a recently proposed constructive framework for the distributed source coding problem, we propose a powerful constructive approach to the watermarking problem, emphasizing the dual roles of 'source codes' and 'channel codes.' In our framework, we explore various source and channel codes to achieve watermarks that are robust to attackers in terms of maximizing the distortion between the corrupted coded-source signal and the original signal while holding the distortion between the coded-source signal and the original signal constant. We solve the resulting combinatorial optimization problem using an original technique based on robust optimization and convex programming.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Risk of Readmissions in Patients With Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) contributes to a high rate of hospitalizations. Acute kidney injury (AKI), with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a common complication in patients with HF. The link between AKI and the risk for readmission for repeat episodes of HF is not well studied. In this study, 6,535 patients discharged with primary diagnoses of HF derived from a statewide inpatient database were examined. The association between AKI, with and without CKD, and risk for 30-day readmission with HF was assessed. Logistic regression was used to test the relations between predictor variables and outcomes. The mean age was 73.8 ± 14.6 years, and 51% of patients (n = 3,351) were women. AKI occurred in 6.5% of patients during the index hospitalization, whereas 16% had CKD. Nine hundred seventy-seven patients (15%) required readmission within 30 days for HF. Index hospital mortality was 1.7% in those without AKI or CKD compared to 11% and 13% in those with AKI without and with CKD, respectively (p <0.0001). Patients with AKI had a 30-day readmission rate of 21%, compared to 14% in those without AKI (p <0.0001). On multivariate analysis, AKI without CKD was associated with the highest risk for readmission (odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.35 to 2.39) compared to those with neither of the 2 diagnoses. In conclusion, patients with HF who have AKI experience a high rate of 30-day readmission for repeat episodes of HF. Reducing the risk for AKI, and follow-up monitoring after AKI, may improve care and reduce health care costs in patients with HF.