cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of body type on perceptions of attractiveness by older individuals

This study investigated the impact of target body type on interpersonal attractiveness perceptions of senior citizens toward their same‐sex cohorts. The study of male and female elderly (ages 55–85+) employed silhouettes of target body types (ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph). Dependent variables included three dimensions of interpersonal attraction: 1) physical—someone visibly pleasing in appearance; 2) social—someone pleasant to be with; and 3) task—someone desirable to work with. Communication desirability was measured as the level of comfort with someone with whom communication is shared, and served as a fourth dependent variable. A measure of the similarity between the target's and the subject's own body type and its effect on attractiveness ratings of target body types was also obtained. Subjects with each of the three body types rated target body silhouettes representing their own body type as more like themselves, but they did not rate them as more attractive than the other two types. The endom...
The role of essential trace elements in embryonic and fetal development in livestock.

This review addresses the concept that essential trace minerals play a vital role in many enzymatic and metabolic pathways that are critical for conceptus development during pregnancy in livestock species. The conceptus relies entirely on the maternal system for a sufficient supply of trace minerals and other nutrients needed for normal development. If this supply is inadequate, growth and/or health of the conceptus can be affected adversely, and many of these effects carry over into the neonatal period. Information, accumulated in our laboratory and presented herein, indicates that zinc, copper and manganese are among the trace minerals that have the greatest impact on reproduction. For example, levels of zinc, copper and manganese were several fold greater in the conceptus than in other reproductive tissues, indicating that the conceptus preferentially accumulates these minerals, an action that may be important for conceptus development, growth and survival. Moreover, some recent results indicate that increasing the biological availability of zinc, copper and manganese, by attachment to short peptide chains (i.e., proteinated trace minerals) can enhance reproductive performance of swine. Mineral concentrations in conceptuses from female pigs consuming proteinated trace minerals were greater than those from females that consumed only inorganic mineral salts. Elucidating the mechanisms whereby conceptus development and survival are enhanced by essential trace minerals may lead to development of specific feeding programs to increase the number and health of offspring at parturition, thereby allowing for further improvements in production efficiency in animal agriculture.
ANOMALOUS CONTRACTION OF INVERTEBRATE STRIATED MUSCLE

The phenomenon of A band shortening or contraction has been investigated in glycerinated myofibrils of Pecten irradians, Homarus americanus, Cambarus virilis, and Limulus polyphemus through the techniques of ultraviolet microbeam inactivation and polarization microscopy. With the former method, it has been shown that these muscles, even though exhibiting the shortening effect, contract in a manner consistent with only the sliding filament model. Intrinsic birefringence studies have indicated no significant changes in mass distribution or orientation within the shortened A bands. Except in the case of Limulus muscle, the shortening effect was seen only in contraction under tension. The magnitude of this anomalous phenomenon was dependent upon glycerination time and has been duplicated in rabbit psoas muscle through brief trypsin treatment. A band shortening could not be observed in glutaraldehyde-fixed muscle or in myofibrils glycerinated for only short periods. It has been concluded that the phenomenon of A band contraction is an artifact induced by the glycerination procedure, possibly through weakening of the sarcomere structure. However, the fact that the A band shortens under tension rather than lengthens poses an interesting paradox.
A layered complexity-aware scalable video encryption scheme

In this paper, we propose a layered complexity-aware encryption scheme to partially encrypt scalable video bitstreams to achieve reasonable security that the specific application entails and the involved computational complexity allows. The proposed scheme naturally combines wavelet-based scalable video coding technique and the concept of selective encryption. We also study the relationship between rate, distortion, and the involved encryption complexity (R-D-EC). Here, distortion is used to measure the level of security of the encrypted video bitstream, and the percentage of encrypted bitstream is used to denote encryption complexity. Our simulation results indicate that selective encryption using a prioritized bitstream structure provided by scalable video coding can achieve almost bitrate-independent encryption complexity control.
Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on neurocognition and risky behaviors in young adults.

Previous studies have identified cognitive impairments due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults. However, few studies have examined the impact of HIV on cognition in young adults (18–24 years old). Yet, this group is one of the largest populations of individuals with new HIV infection. Young adulthood is also an important developmental window because the brain has not fully matured and individuals are prone to engage in risky behavior. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of HIV on neurocognition and risky behaviors. We hypothesized that HIV+ young adults (n = 23) would exhibit greater cognitive impairment and risky behaviors compared to seronegative controls (n = 21). In addition, we predicted that self-reported risky behavior as assessed by the Risk Assessment Battery (RAB) would covary with cognitive performances. Results revealed poorer executive function in HIV+ young adults compared to seronegative (HIV−) controls. HIV+ young adults exhibited significantly greater risk scores on the RAB (p < 0.01) compared to HIV− young adults. However, there were no relationships between risky behavior and cognitive performance. Overall, our results suggest that HIV is associated with poorer cognition and increased risky behaviors in young adults.
Rearrangements of electrochemically generated cation radicals: The quest for regiochemical control and an application to total synthesis

Herein we provide an overview of our efforts to achieve regiochemical control in the rearrangement of the cation radicals derived from housanes, and to apply the chemistry to the total synthesis of a natural product.
Catalytic homocoupling of aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl halides with Ni(II)-complexes and zirconocene dichloride

Abstract A new catalytic system (cat. (H)2Phen(Me)2·NiCl2 or (MeO)2Dipyr(H)2·NiCl2, cat. Zr(cp)2Cl2, 2 equiv Mn, and 2 equiv LiCl) has been developed to facilitate the homocoupling of a wide range of aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl halides.
Relationship of Pedersen's X-protein to the protein complex in undiluted blood serum

The present investigation is an electrophoretic study of X-protein obtained by separation from blood serum by ultracentrifugation. It has been found that the X-protein of Pedersen, as well as the complexes of undiluted serum are both dissociated by dialysis and dilution. It is suggested that these latter act on the binding material which is responsible for holding the proteins in complex association.
Squaring theory with practice in RNA design

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) design offers unique opportunities for engineering genetic networks and nanostructures that self-assemble within living cells. Recent years have seen the creation of increasingly complex RNA devices, including proof-of-concept applications for in vivo three-dimensional scaffolding, imaging, computing, and control of biological behaviors. Expert intuition and simple design rules--the stability of double helices, the modularity of noncanonical RNA motifs, and geometric closure--have enabled these successful applications. Going beyond heuristics, emerging algorithms may enable automated design of RNAs with nucleotide-level accuracy but, as illustrated on a recent RNA square design, are not yet fully predictive. Looking ahead, technological advances in RNA synthesis and interrogation are poised to radically accelerate the discovery and stringent testing of design methods.
Diabetic revascularization: improving limb salvage in the absence of autogenous vein.

Summary Diabetic patients can be offered opportunities for lower extremity revascularization with the expectation of results equal to those in the nondiabetic population. For those diabetics in danger of limb loss without adequate saphenous vein, alternatives exist for distal bypass resulting in acceptable long-term patency and limb salvage. As the population ages and approaches toward limb salvage become more aggressive, vascular surgeons will require alternative conduits to autogenous saphenous vein in a certain subset of patients. A PTFE graft with a distal vein patch may prove an acceptable alternative in the absence of saphenous vein. A multicenter prospective randomized trial may be of benefit to address the question of the best alternative for the patient without suitable autogenous saphenous vein for limb salvage. Until then, we will offer the patient without adequate vein PTFE bypasses to tibial arteries for limb salvage with the addition of a distal vein patch.
Immunoenzymatic and morphological detection of epithelial cell apoptotic stages in gastrointestinal allografts from multivisceral transplant patients

Acute allograft rejection (AR) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among patients who undergo multivisceral transplantation. Critical to the assessment of AR is detection of apoptosis in the glandular epithelium of the gastrointestinal allograft. We utilized the TUNEL stain (TdT-mediated biotin 16-dUTP nick-end labeling) to test whether this method improved detection of apoptosis compared to standard slide evaluation. TUNEL and H&E stains were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections to estimate the number of apoptotic bodies per 10 high power fields, as determined by independent pathologists in blinded fashion. Both methodologies showed similar numbers and distributions of apoptotic foci present among the epithelial cells. There was a correlation between the number of apoptosis and the grade of rejection (P <.001). This is the first use of the TUNEL stain in gastrointestinal allograft biopsies to our knowledge. The similarity in pattern and sensitivity of TUNEL with standard morphology confirms that biopsy assessment with routine H&E staining allows an accurate appraisal of epithelial cell apoptosis. Therefore, current staining protocols for endoscopically derived mucosal biopsies of gastrointestinal allografts are sufficiently accurate to enumerate the critical feature of epithelial apoptosis as a determinant of the grade of acute rejection.
Some restrictions on simple fixed points of the integers

A function is recursive (in given operations) if its values are computed explicitly and uniformly in terms of other “previously computed” values of itself and (perhaps) other “simultaneously computed” recursive functions. Here, “explicitly” includes definition by cases. We investigate those recursive functions on the structure N = 〈 ω , 0, succ, pred〉 that are computed in terms of themselves only, without other simultaneously computed recursive functions.
One of Many Free Survey Tools: Google Docs

Google Docs is a feature from Google that allows users to collaborate on documents, forms, presentations, and spreadsheets. Google Docs is an easy-to-use, freely-available survey-creation tool with a variety of question types that should meet the needs of most survey creators. It automatically generates pictorial representations of survey responses. This article provides a summary of features available in free survey tools and includes instructions on how to use Google Docs' form function to create a survey.
Police Posing as Juveniles Online to Catch Sex Offenders: Is It Working?:

This paper explores the extent and effectiveness of proactive investigations in which investigators pose as minors on the Internet to catch potential sex offenders. It utilizes a subsample of cases from the National Juvenile Online Victimization Survey, which concerned persons arrested for Internet sex crimes against minors in the year beginning July 1, 2000. Results suggest proactive investigations represented a significant proportion (25%) of all arrests for Internet sex crimes against minors. Such investigations were being conducted at all levels of law enforcement. The online personas assumed by investigators paralleled the ages and genders of real youth victimized in sex crimes that started as online encounters. These proactive investigations accessed an offender group that appeared somewhat less deviant in terms of adult sexual behavior and arrest history but equally deviant as other online offenders in terms of possession of child pornography. Prosecution of these cases produced high rates of guilty pleas and low rates of dismissed or dropped cases. The entrapment, fantasy or role-playing, and factual impossibility defenses were used but not successfully. Findings suggest that the Internet sometimes allows law enforcement to interdict before a youth is victimized, gather solid evidence of offenses, and find and track some offenders.
Retrospective Analysis of Selective Lymphadenectomy in Apparent Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer

Purpose Selective lymphadenectomy is widely accepted in the management of endometrial cancer. Purported benefits are individualization of adjuvant therapy based on extent of disease and resection of occult metastases. Our goal was to assess effects of the extent of selective lymphadenectomy on outcomes in women with apparent stage I endometrial cancer at laparotomy. Patients and Methods Patients with endometrial cancer who received primary surgical treatment between 1973 and 2002 were identified through an institutional tumor registry. Inclusion criteria were clinical stage I/IIA disease and procedure including hysterectomy and selective lymphadenectomy (pelvic or pelvic + aortic). Exclusion criteria included presurgical radiation, grossly positive lymph nodes, or extrauterine metastases at laparotomy. Recurrence and survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. Results Among 509 patients, the median number of lymph nodes removed was 15 (median pelvic, 11; median a...
Effect of Nutrition on Quality of Poultry Meat and Eggs

(1952). Effect of Nutrition on Quality of Poultry Meat and Eggs. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 246-248.
Chromium diffusion into plated Nb/sub 3/Sn strands deduced from electrical resistivity measurement

During the reaction heat treatment of Cr-plated Nb/sub 3/Sn multiflamentary strands the purity, and hence resistance ratio, of the Cu stabilizer becomes measurably degraded. The present study exploits the power of resistance-ratio (RR) measurement in exploring the role that Cr plays in this degradation. It is deduced that during the reaction heat treatment (RHT) of unplated strands oxygen diffusion (from the surrounding atmosphere) and subsequent internal oxidation can result in exceptionally high values of RR. Chromium on the other hand has two deleterious influences: (i) it retards the ingress of oxygen thus inhibiting the tendency towards high RR development; (ii) it diffuses in, and itself degrades RR. It is also pointed out that some of the lost RR can be recovered by subjecting the strand to prolonged moderate temperature post-RHT step-cooling from 600/spl deg/C. >
Segmenting color images using Markov random field models

We use Markov random field models for color images in conjunction with a three phase segmentation algorithm based on region splitting, conservative merging, and agglomerative clustering. At each step, the agglomerative clustering phase maximizes a global performance functional based on the conditional pseudo-likelihood of the image. A test for stopping the clustering is applied based on rapid changes in the pseudo-likelihood of the image. We provide experimental results to demonstrate the performance of the segmentation algorithm on color images of natural scenes. Most of the processing during segmentation is local making the algorithm amenable to high performance parallel implementation. >
Proposed Standard Weight (Ws) Equations for Interior Cutthroat Trout

Abstract We developed standard weight (Ws ; length-specific standard weight for the species) equations for inland cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki using the regression-line-percentile technique. Length and weight data from samples of 117 cutthroat trout populations (48 lentic and 69 lotic) over the interior range of the species were used. Separate Ws equations were developed for lentic and lotic populations, as well as an overall equation. Relative weight (Wr ; individual weight/Ws ) values did not change systematically with increasing fish length. No significant differences in mean Wr were found among subspecies of cutthroat trout. Differences between lotic and lentic populations suggested the need for two separate equations.
Degradation of mangrove tissues and implications for peat formation in Belizean island forests

Summary 1 Macrofaunal leaf consumption and degradation of leaves, woody twigs and roots were studied in mangrove island forests on a Belizean island. Factors influencing accumulation of organic matter deposited both above and below ground in this oligotrophic, autochothonous system were assessed. 2 Leaf degradation rates of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) measured in mesh bags, were much faster in the lower than the upper intertidal zone. Mass loss was most rapid in A. germinans but zonal effects were much larger than species differences. 3 Exposure to invertebrates such as crabs and amphipods tripled overall rates of leaf litter breakdown. In the lower intertidal, crabs completely consumed some unbagged leaves within 23 days. Crabs also had an effect on some upper intertidal sites, where degradation of leaves placed in artificial burrows was 2.4 times faster than when placed on the soil surface. 4 In contrast to leaves (27 ∠ 5% remaining after 230 days), roots and woody twigs were highly refractory (40 ∠ 2% and 51 ∠ 6% remaining after 584 and 540 days, respectively). Root degradation did not vary by soil depth, zone or species. Twigs of R. mangle and A. germinans degraded faster on the ground than in the canopy, whereas those of L. racemosa were highly resistant to decay regardless of position. 5 Peat formation at Twin Cays has occurred primarily through deposition and slow turnover of mangrove roots, rather than above-ground tissues that are either less abundant (woody twigs) or more readily removed (leaves).
Excretion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 through Polarized Epithelium by Immunoglobulin A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted primarily sexually across mucosal surfaces. After infection, HIV propagates initially in the lamina propria below the polarized epithelium and causes extensive destruction of mucosal T cells. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies, produced in the lamina propria and then transcytosed across the mucosal epithelium into the lumen, can be the first line of immune defense against HIV. Here, we used IgA monoclonal antibodies against HIV envelope proteins to investigate the abilities of polarized primate and human epithelial cells to excrete HIV virions from the basolateral to the apical surface via polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR)-mediated binding and the internalization of HIV-IgA immune complexes. African green monkey kidney cells expressing pIgR demonstrated HIV excretion that was dependent on the IgA concentration and the exposure time. Matched IgG antibodies with the same variable regions as the IgA antibodies and IgA antibodies to non-HIV antigens had no HIV excretory function. A mixture of two IgA anti-bodies against gp120 and gp41 showed a synergistic increase in the level of HIV excreted. The capacity for HIV excretion correlated with the ability of IgA antibodies to bind HIV and of the resulting immune complexes to bind pIgR. Consistent with the epithelial transcytosis of HIV-IgA immune complexes, the colocalization of HIV proteins and HIV-specific IgA was detected intracellularly by confocal microscopy. Our results suggest the potential of IgA antibodies to excrete HIV from mucosal lamina propria, thereby decreasing the viral burden, access to susceptible cells, and the chronic activation of the immune system.
Entropy stable wall boundary conditions for the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations

Non-linear entropy stability and a summation-by-parts framework are used to derive entropy stable wall boundary conditions for the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A semi-discrete entropy estimate for the entire domain is achieved when the new boundary conditions are coupled with an entropy stable discrete interior operator. The data at the boundary are weakly imposed using a penalty flux approach and a simultaneous-approximation-term penalty technique. Although discontinuous spectral collocation operators on unstructured grids are used herein for the purpose of demonstrating their robustness and efficacy, the new boundary conditions are compatible with any diagonal norm summation-by-parts spatial operator, including finite element, finite difference, finite volume, discontinuous Galerkin, and flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction schemes. The proposed boundary treatment is tested for three-dimensional subsonic and supersonic flows. The numerical computations corroborate the non-linear stability (entropy stability) and accuracy of the boundary conditions.
Continuous Parametric Distributions

Actuaries model a variety of uncertain phenomena, foremost among them, the amount of a claim and the time until a claim. Parametric probability distributions provide simple models that often adequately describe the process. This article lists a large number of such models and briefly describes their properties. Keywords: parametric distribution; distribution function; density function; expected value
Working Together to Personalize “The Patient”

Abstract The current state of healthcare is neither sustainable nor functional. It is time for a complete paradigm shift. Health policy makers are recognizing more and more that collaborative practice, combined with patient & family-centered care is the game-changer that will facilitate a transformation in healthcare delivery. This paper considers the “Why” of healthcare and introduces the concept of a virtual patient as a means of engaging staff on a personal level both individually and collaboratively with the intention of healthcare transformation and achieving excellence for patients and their families.
Host specificity in Metamera sillasenorum, n. sp., a gregarine parasite of the leech Helobdella triserialis with notes on transmission dynamics.

Eugregarines of the suborder Septatorina are apicomplexan parasites that are found mainly in arthropods. Some exceptions are species in the Metameridae that contains the only 5 septate gregarines recorded from annelids. The type genus is Metamera Duke, 1910 with 2 species, Metamera schubergi Duke, 1910, in European Glossiphonia complanata, and Metamera reynoldsi Jones, 1943, from North American G. complanata. Over the summers of 1995-1998, in Keith County, Nebraska, septate gregarines were found in the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella triserialis. The gregarines were determined to be a new species of Metamera, herein named Metamera sillasenorum. Measurements of size and body proportions of over 600 gregarines and 50 oocysts showed differences from measurements of M. schubergi and M. reynoldsi, and secondary septa in the deutomerite were rarely observed. Field observations indicated that M. sillasenorum is probably host specific. In the laboratory, leeches also exhibited strong feeding preferences; e.g., H. triserialis and G. complanata consumed only snails, whereas Helobdella stagnalis consumed only oligochaetes. Infection experiments demonstrated that freshwater snails ingest the oocysts and are required as mechanical vectors. Oocysts were passed unaltered through the snails' intestines. Glossiphonia complanata did not become infected regardless of heavy exposure to oocysts, although only 5 G. complanata were used in the experiments. The results show that host specificity of M. sillasenorum is most likely due to a combination of host-feeding habits and host-parasite compatibility.
EFFECT OF DEFAULTS AND CREDIT DETERIORATION ON YIELDS OF CORPORATE BONDS

THE AUTHORS WERE faced with the problem of estimating the size of reserve which would have been necessary for absorbing losses on mediumand high-grade corporate bonds during the first half of this century. Upon searching the literature to see what help could be gained from past authorities, we found that there is a gap between the doctrines by theorists as to the kind of experience expectable and the best published statistics of realized yields and loss rates.' We are passing along the results of a small effort to plug this gap in the hope that it will help others who are similarly faced with the necessity of using the record of the past performance of corporate bonds in connection with problems of evaluation of probable future performance. Theorists in the field of investments seem generally to offer support for the idea that some reserve is desirable. This is found in such doctrines that, in contrast with common stocks, where either gain or loss may be expected, the nature of the contract in unconvertible corporate bonds severely limits the possibilities of gain but leaves quite open the possibilities of loss up to 100 per cent. Again, there is the doctrine that bond investment is a "negative art," requiring principally the gauging of the chances for loss and the estimating of what premium in yield is appropriate for acceptance of those chances. Many writers have regarded the difference between the prospective yield from market price on a bond and the yield prevailing at the same time on riskless securities of similar term as consisting mainly
Sleep-Wake Patterns Among Postmenopausal Women A 24-Hour Unattended Polysomnographic Study

BACKGROUND Circadian sleep-wake profiles in postmenopausal women were examined to explore relationships between nocturnal and out-of-bed sleep. METHODS Twenty-one home recordings were obtained with unattended polysomnography from women ranging from 56 to 77 years of age. RESULTS While maintaining their daily routines, volunteers slept an average of 439 minutes throughout the 24-hour recordings. Ten percent of the accumulated sleep time was recorded out of bed. CONCLUSIONS Greater age was associated with more afternoon-evening sleep. Sleep was also frequently observed shortly after volunteers arose from bed in the morning.
An experiential approach to incorporating software testing into the computer science curriculum

Testing accounts for about half of the cost of software, but testing receives little treatment in most curricula. This paper presents an approach to giving students experiences in software testing throughout the curriculum, rather than the usual approach of offering a separate course in testing. The centerpiece of the authors' approach is the Software TestLab, which exists to train selected students in the art and science of testing, and to transfer testing practice into core courses. TestLab students become agents of technology transfer. This paper describes the conceptual framework used to define the set of essential test experiences, and presents lessons learned, to date.
Evidence That Light Modulates Protein Nitration in Rat Retina

As part of ongoing efforts to better understand the role of protein oxidative modifications in retinal pathology, protein nitration in retina has been compared between rats exposed to damaging light or maintained in the dark. In the course of the research, Western methodology for detecting nitrotyrosine-containing proteins has been improved by incorporating chemical reduction of nitrotyrosine to aminotyrosine, allowing specific and nonspecific nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity to be distinguished. A liquid chromatography MS/MS detection strategy was used that selects all possible nitrotyrosine peptides for MS/MS based on knowing the protein identity. Quantitative liquid chromatography MS/MS analyses with tetranitromethane-modified albumin demonstrated the approach capable of identifying sites of tyrosine nitration with detection limits of 4–33 fmol. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Western detection, and mass spectrometric analyses, several different nitrotyrosine-immunoreactive proteins were identified in light-exposed rat retina compared with those maintained in the dark. Immunocytochemical analyses of retina revealed that rats reared in darkness exhibited more nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the photoreceptor outer segments. After intense light exposure, immunoreactivity decreased in the outer segments and increased in the photoreceptor inner segments and retinal pigment epithelium. These results suggest that light modulates retinal protein nitration in vivo and that nitration may participate in the biochemical sequela leading to light-induced photoreceptor cell death. Furthermore, the identification of nitrotyrosine-containing proteins from rats maintained in the dark, under non-pathological conditions, provides the first evidence of a possible role for protein nitration in normal retinal physiology.
The Information Conveyed by Words in Sentences

A method is presented for calculating the amount of information conveyed to a hearer by a speaker emitting a sentence generated by a probabilistic grammar known to both parties. The method applies the work of Grenander (1967) to the intermediate states of a top-down parser. This allows the uncertainty about structural ambiguity to be calculated at each point in a sentence. Subtracting these values at successive points gives the information conveyed by a word in a sentence. Word-by-word information conveyed is calculated for several small probabilistic grammars, and it is suggested that the number of bits conveyed per word is a determinant of reading times and other measures of cognitive load.
Phosphate-stabilized lithium intercalation compounds

Four manganese and iron phosphates with alluaudite or fillowite structures have been prepared by solid state reactions: Na2FeMn2(PO4)3, LiNaFeMn2(PO4)3, NaFe3(PO4)3, and Na2Mn3(PO4)3. LixNa2-xFeMn2(PO4)3 with x close to 2 was prepared from Na2FeMn2(PO4)3 by molten salt ion exchange. These materials are similar in stoichiometry to the phospho-olivines LiFe(Mn)PO4, but have a more complex structure that can accommodate mixed transition metal oxidation states. They are of interest as candidates for lithium battery cathodes because of their somewhat higher electronic conductivity, high intercalant ion mobility, and ease of preparation. Their performance as intercalation electrodes in non-aqueous lithium cells was, however, poor.
Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

A number of recent review articles have summarized the application of Molecular Rotational Resonance (MRR) spectroscopy to the area of molecular structure determinations and described how these applications have applied to chemistry. This article will briefly review this established area of MRR spectroscopy and describe two developments that offer the promise of expanding the applicability of MRR spectroscopy. The first development was the observation that some large molecules (by MRR standards) give a series of relatively intense, equally spaced bands that can be quickly recorded and assigned. The other development has been in the theory, procedures, and instrumentation required for accurate intensity measurements. These two developments, examples of each, and the implication of each for use by chemists, as well as molecular structure determinations, will be discussed. Spectrometers that are being used for studies in this established area and the two newer areas will be described in the Appendix.
Multilevel inverter modulation method with DC-link disturbance compensation

Multilevel inverters have emerged as the state of the art power conversion systems for high power medium voltage applications. However, like most power converter families, these inverters are nonlinear systems with dead times, voltage drops across the power semiconductors, load and supply dependent DC-links, that all together can generate considerable low frequency voltage and current distortion affecting negatively the quality of important variables of the global process powered by the inverter. In high power applications this can be very critical due to the amount of energy involved in non desirable harmonics. This paper presents a solution to these problems by including the disturbances in the modulation strategy. Results are presented for a nine level cascaded asymmetric inverter, showing how the algorithm rejects DC-link voltage ripple and compensates voltage drops and dead times of the converter. The proposed method is also compared to multiple carrier phase disposition PWM to highlight the differences obtained when using the compensation
Murine "model" monotheism: an iconoclast at the altar of mouse.

Many use mice for contemporary cardiovascular research, as we should, given the power of the genetic and other tools developed to permit rigorous mechanistic experimentation in this species. We must remain mindful, nonetheless, of the reasons why the results of mouse experiments may not extrapolate readily to human disease. Large gaps separate our mouse experiments and clinical conditions. The differences arise from the genetic homogeneity of inbred mouse strains used in experimentation, the restricted exposure of mice to many microbes and a more monotonous microbiome in mice than in free-living rodents and humans, lack of comorbidities, focus on youthful mice and exaggerated experimental conditions contrived to speed up studies, and the lack of congruence between many experimental “models” and human cardiovascular conditions. We must and should continue to mine studies on mice for the incredibly valuable mechanistic insight they provide. Yet, we as a community could consider more carefully some of the barriers to glib extrapolation of the results of experiments in mice to human disease. > These experimental results in mice suggest that X is a promising novel target for the treatment of human cardiovascular disease (A paraphrase of the concluding sentence of many contemporary cardiovascular research papers). Most use mice. We must use mice for much contemporary cardiovascular experimentation. Yet, we must not succumb to group think about the ready translatability of our experimental results to the results obtained in the clinic. Although many millennia of evolution separate them from humans,1 mice provide incredibly valuable tools for biomedical investigation. In particular, the availability of inbred strains and the development of ever more powerful techniques for sophisticated genetic manipulation allow reductionist experiments of increasing complexity, sophistication, and rigor. Nonetheless, the primacy of mice as experimental animals for cardiovascular research during the past decades may have fostered a tendency to …
PERIODIC CHANGES IN BLOOD ESTROGEN

IT HAS BEEN amply demonstrated that there is an hormonal interrelationship between the anterior pituitary and the ovary. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) produced by the pituitary is necessary for the elaboration by the ovary of estrogenic hormone (EH). In general, the greater the concentration of blood FSH, the greater the rate of production of EH. The influence of concentration of EH on the secretion of FSH into the circulation is more obscure, but, irrespective of the exact mechanism, there is agreement that increasing blood EH concentration reduces the concentration of biologically effective FSH in the blood. (1-6). The two relations—the effect on EH production of FSH, and the effect on FSH of EH—have prompted various workers to suggest an hypothesis for explaining the periodic monthly fluctuations in blood EH observed in normal menstruating women. Moore (7), Moore and Price (8), and independently, Brouha and Simonnet (9) first propounded it in 1930.
A Computer Vision Technique For Surface Curvature Gaging With Projected Grating

A computer vision based technique for surface curvature gaging is reported in this paper. This non-contact technique utilizes the projection of a grating upon the surface to be gaged. A general purpose digital image processor is used to implement the proposed technique. Both simulation as well as experimental results are presented.
Quantitative acylcarnitine determination by UHPLC-MS/MS — Going beyond tandem MS acylcarnitine “profiles”

Tandem MS "profiling" of acylcarnitines and amino acids was conceived as a first-tier screening method, and its application to expanded newborn screening has been enormously successful. However, unlike amino acid screening (which uses amino acid analysis as its second-tier validation of screening results), acylcarnitine "profiling" also assumed the role of second-tier validation, due to the lack of a generally accepted second-tier acylcarnitine determination method. In this report, we present results from the application of our validated UHPLC-MS/MS second-tier method for the quantification of total carnitine, free carnitine, butyrobetaine, and acylcarnitines to patient samples with known diagnoses: malonic acidemia, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) or isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (IBD), 3-methyl-crotonyl carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC) or s-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). We demonstrate the assay's ability to separate constitutional isomers and diastereomeric acylcarnitines and generate values with a high level of accuracy and precision. These capabilities are unavailable when using tandem MS "profiles". We also show examples of research interest, where separation of acylcarnitine species and accurate and precise acylcarnitine quantification is necessary.
In vivo micronucleus studies with 6 titanium dioxide materials (3 pigment-grade & 3 nanoscale) in orally-exposed rats.

Six pigment-grade (pg) or ultrafine (uf)/nanoscale (anatase and/or rutile) titanium dioxide (TiO2) particulates were evaluated for in vivo genotoxicity (OECD 474 Guidelines) in male and female rats by two different laboratories. All test materials were robustly characterized. The BET surface areas of the pg and uf samples ranged from 7 to 17 m(2)/g and 50 to 82 m(2)/g respectively. The materials were assessed for induction of micronuclei and toxicity in bone marrow by analyzing peripheral blood reticulocytes (RETs) by flow cytometry. Single oral gavage doses of 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of each material were implemented with concurrent negative (water) and positive controls (cyclophosphamide). Approximately 48 and 72 h after exposure, blood samples were collected and 20,000 RETs per animal were analyzed. For each of the six tests, there were no biologically or toxicologically relevant increases in the micronucleated RET frequency in any TiO2 exposed group at either time point at any dose level. In addition, there were a lack of biologically relevant decreases in %RETs among total erythrocytes. All six TiO2 test substances were negative for in vivo genotoxicity effects; however, it is noted that the exposure to target tissues was likely negligible. One pigment grade and one ultrafine material each were evaluated for potential systemic exposure/uptake from the gastrointestinal tract by analysis of TiO2 into blood and liver. No significant increases in TiO2 over controls were measured in blood (48 or 72 h) or liver (72 h) following exposures to 2000 mg/kg bw TiO2. These data indicate that there was no absorption of the test material from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood circulation and the lack of genotoxic effects is therefore attributed to a lack of exposure due to the inability of the test material to migrate from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and then into target tissues.
Non-Darcy Flow of Immiscible Fluids

Abstract This chapter discusses advances in studies of multiphase non-Darcy flow in reservoirs. This chapter presents the mathematical method for quantitative analysis of multiphase non-Darcy flow in porous and fractured rocks using both numerical and analytical approaches. The Forchheimer equation and the Barree and Conway model are incorporated into numerical formulation for modeling multiphase non-Darcy flow in porous and fractured media. Furthermore, it presents Buckley and Leverett type analytical solutions for non-Darcy displacement in a linear and radial composite system according to two non-Darcy flow models. For application, a practical procedure is presented for calculating saturation profiles for non-Darcy displacement. The analytical solutions and resulting procedure can be regarded as an extension of the Buckley–Leverett theory to non-Darcy displacement. Then, analytical solutions are used to obtain insight into non-Darcy displacement and to verify numerical simulation results.
INHIBITION OF HERPES VIRUS BY NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ACID POLYSACCHARIDES.

SummaryThe effect of 4 acid polysaccharides on 2 variants of herpes virus was investigated by 3 different methods for measuring anti-viral activity. Dextran sulfate inhibited adsorption, plaque formation, and multicyclic viral growth in liquid medium. Heparin and agar polysaccharide inhibited adsorption and virus multiplication in liquid medium, while chondroitin sulfate was completely ineffective as an inhibitor. No diffference was noted in the behavior of the 2 variants with respect to their sensitivity toward the 4 sulfated polysaccharides.
Etching and Surface Modification of Polymers in CF4/O2 Plasma Discharges

Some results of simultaneous measurement of polyimide etch rates, temperature, and O- and F- atom emission intensities in CF4/O2 plasma discharges are described. Several process variables have been investigated both during steady and unsteady plasma reactor operation. Atomic compositions on the polymer surface have been determined as a function of time of exposure to the plasma using ESCA, and the C IS spectra apalyzed to identify the various C-O and C-F bonds.
Bioavailability of zinc in two zinc sulfate by-products of the galvanizing industry

Two Zn depletion/repletion assays were conducted with chicks to determine the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Zn from two new by-products of the galvanizing industry. Using a soy concentrate-dextrose diet, slope-ratio methodology was employed to evaluate two different products: Fe-ZnSO4 x H2O with 20.2% Fe and 13.0% Zn, and Zn-FeSO4 x H2O with 14.2% Fe and 20.2% Zn. Feed-grade ZnSO4 x H2O was used as a standard. Weight gain, tibia Zn concentration, and total tibia Zn responded linearly (P 0.10) from the ZnSO4 standard (100%). Slope-ratio calculations based on total tibia Zn established average Zn RBV values of 126% for Fe-ZnSO4 x H2O and 127% for Zn-FeSO4 x H2O, and these values were greater (P < 0.01) than those of the ZnSO4 standard (100%). It is apparent that both mixed sulfate products of Fe and Zn are excellent sources of bioavailable Zn.
Simulation Platform Lab VIEW Application in Automobile Theory Teaching

The purpose of automobile theory teaching simulation platform designed by LabVIEW software was to visualize the abstract concepts in the book by the graphical programming software,and to intuitively transmit the knowledge in the book.Taking the performance of pure electric vehicle drive motor for example,in this platform,functions such as calculating and drawing characteristic curve,it showed the influence of various parameters on the motor power intuitively by the curve,analyzed the influence of related parameters on the drive motor power can be done.This automobile theory teaching simulation platform can not only cultivate the students' thinking in computer programming,but also help to improve the effect of classroom teaching.
The lesser trochanter as a guide for the operative fixation of hip fractures.

Summary A technique using the lesser trochanter as a guide for the placement of nails for internal fixation of hip fractures is described. For 135 degree angle nails, the point of reference should be on the lateral cortex just opposite the lesser trochanter, and for 150 degree nails, immediately above a point 2 cm. distal to the lower edge of the lesser trochanter. For nails of intermediate angles, distances from the lesser trochanter may be calculated.
A broadband, circular-polarization selective surface

We introduce a new technique for designing wideband circular-polarization selective surfaces (CPSSs) based on anisotropic miniaturized element frequency selective surfaces. The proposed structure is a combination of two linear-to-circular polarization converters sandwiching a linear polarizer. This CPSS consists of a number of metallic layers separated from each other by thin dielectric substrates. The metallic layers are in the form of two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength capacitive patches and inductive wire grids with asymmetric dimensions and a wire grid polarizer with sub-wavelength period. The proposed device is designed to offer a wideband circular-polarization selection capability allowing waves with left-hand circular polarization to pass through while rejecting those having right-hand circular polarization. A synthesis procedure is developed that can be used to design the proposed CPSS based on its desired band of operation. Using this procedure, a prototype of the proposed CPSS operating in ...
A Comparison of Results by Correlation Gas Chromatography with Another Gas Chromatographic Retention Time Technique. The Effects of Retention Time Coincidence on Vaporization Enthalpy and Vapor Pressure

The vaporization enthalpies of a mixture of n-alkanes, aliphatic esters, and dialkyl phthalates are examined both by correlation gas chromatography and another commonly used gas chromatographic retention time technique according to the protocol described by Hamilton. The resulting vaporization enthalpies and vapor pressures at T/K = 298.15 are compared with respect to the functional groups present. Additionally, two compounds, docosane and ethyl octadecanoate, exhibited retention time coincidence over a T/K = 30 temperature range. These compounds have been examined by correlation gas chromatography to determine how this coincidence affects the thermochemical properties evaluated.