cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Odontogenic Cysts, Odontogenic Tumors, Fibroosseous, and Giant Cell Lesions of the Jaws

Odontogenic cysts that can be problematic because of recurrence and/or aggressive growth include odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), calcifying odontogenic cyst, and the recently described glandular odontogenic cyst. The OKC has significant growth capacity and recurrence potential and is occasionally indicative of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. There is also an orthokeratinized variant, the orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst, which is less aggressive and is not syndrome associated. Ghost cell keratinization, which typifies the calcifying odontogenic cyst, can be seen in solid lesions that have now been designated odontogenic ghost cell tumor. The glandular odontogenic cyst contains mucous cells and ductlike structures that may mimic central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Several odontogenic tumors may provide diagnostic challenges, particularly the cystic ameloblastoma. Identification of this frequently underdiagnosed cystic tumor often comes after one or more recurrences and a destructive course. Other difficult lesions include malignant ameloblastomas, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, squamous odontogenic tumor, and clear-cell odontogenic tumor. Histologic identification of myxofibrous lesions of the jaws (odontogenic myxoma, odontogenic fibroma, desmoplastic fibroma) is necessary to avoid the diagnostic pitfall of overdiagnosis of similar-appearing follicular sacs and dental pulps. Fibroosseous lesions of the jaws show considerable microscopic overlap and include fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, periapical cementoosseous dysplasia, and low-grade chronic osteomyelitis. The term fibrous dysplasia is probably overused in general practice and should be reserved for the rare lesion that presents as a large, expansile, diffuse opacity of children and young adults. The need to use clinicopathologic correlation in assessing these lesions is of particular importance. Central giant cell granuloma is a relatively common jaw lesion of young adults that has an unpredictable behavior. Microscopic diagnosis is relatively straightforward; however, this lesion continues to be somewhat controversial because of its disputed classification (reactive versus neoplastic) and because of its management (surgical versus. medical). Its relationship to giant cell tumor of long bone remains undetermined.
The method of upper and lower solutions and monotone technique for impulsive differential equations with variable moments

In this paper, we initiate the study of the method of upper and lower solutions and monotone iterative technique for impulsive differential equations with variable moments. Because of the difficult nature of the problem, we shall restrict ourselves to a simple situation which, as we shall see, presents enough complications.
Structural characterization of Brachypodium genome and its syntenic relationship with rice and wheat

Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has been recently recognized as an emerging model system for both comparative and functional genomics in grass species. In this study, 55,221 repeat masked Brachypodium BAC end sequences (BES) were used for comparative analysis against the 12 rice pseudomolecules. The analysis revealed that ~26.4% of BES have significant matches with the rice genome and 82.4% of the matches were homologous to known genes. Further analysis of paired-end BES and ~1.0 Mb sequences from nine selected BACs proved to be useful in revealing conserved regions and regions that have undergone considerable genomic changes. Differential gene amplification, insertions/deletions and inversions appeared to be the common evolutionary events that caused variations of microcolinearity at different orthologous genomic regions. It was found that ~17% of genes in the two genomes are not colinear in the orthologous regions. Analysis of BAC sequences also revealed higher gene density (~9 kb/gene) and lower repeat DNA content (~13.1%) in Brachypodium when compared to the orthologous rice regions,
ENHANCING PERCID STOCKING SUCCESS BY UNDERSTANDING AGE-0 PISCIVORE–PREY INTERACTIONS IN RESERVOIRS

Though young-of-year (YOY) saugeyes (Stizostedion vitreum × S. canadense) are routinely stocked in spring to create and maintain percid fisheries, their growth and survival to fall vary greatly among Ohio reservoirs, as well as among years within a reservoir. To understand the relative importance of size-dependent and size-independent mechanisms during ontogeny that underlie variable stocking success of saugeye, we quantified the role of stocking date and prey density (zooplankton and ichthyoplankton, i.e., larval gizzard shad [Dorosoma cepedianum]) in field enclosure, pond, and reservoir experiments. In 1-m3 enclosures, ichthyoplankton density (0, 5, 10, or 20 larval gizzard shad/m3) did not influence time to switch to piscivory by saugeye (all switched in <12 h); saugeye in enclosures with ichthyoplankton, regardless of density, grew faster than those without ichthyoplankton. In 0.4-ha ponds, saugeye growth and survival did not differ between ponds with zooplankton plus macrobenthic prey and ponds with ...
Memory Interventions for Persons with Dementia

It is possible to design effective, pragmatically useful memory interventions for persons with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT). A review of successful memory interventions for such populations is presented. A particularly effective intervention technique, spaced-retrieval, is described and the theoretical basis for its effectiveness is discussed. A detailed account is presented of a spaced-retrieval intervention in which persons with DAT are trained to learn and utilize a strategy, i.e., remembering to use a calendar listing daily activities. Directions for future research in this area are offered.
Equations of neutral type

In vague terms, a neutral functional differential equation is one in which the derivatives of the past history or derivatives of functionals of the past history are involved as well as the present state of the system. When the derivatives of the past history enter in an arbitrary manner, most of the literature is devoted to existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence. A qualitative theory for such general systems has not been developed at the present time.
Dynamics of Decision Making in Animal Group Motion

We analyze a continuous-time model of a multi-agent system motivated by simulation studies on dynamics of decision making in animal groups in motion. Each individual moves at constant speed in the plane and adjusts its heading in response to relative headings of others in the population. The population includes two subgroups that are “informed” such that individuals in each subgroup have a preferred direction of motion. The model exhibits fast and slow time scales allowing for a reduction in the dimension of the problem. The stable solutions for the reduced model correspond to compromise by individuals with conflicting preferences. We study the global phase space for the proposed reduced model by computing equilibria and exploring stability and bifurcations.
Analysis of Region of Interest Quantification for PET Image Reconstruction with Selective Regularization

Quantifying PET tracer uptake in a region of interest (ROI) is an important task in a variety of applications including brain imaging, myocardial imaging, and tumor activity assessment. Many post-reconstruction correction methods that compensate for spatial resolution or partial volume effects have been proposed for ROI quantification. Here our goal is to optimize the image reconstruction methods themselves for this task through the use of spatially variant regularization. We investigate and analyze a selective regularization strategy where reduced smoothing is imposed across the boundary of a pre-specified ROI which can be drawn, for example, from a coregistered CT image. Preliminary simulation results show that this strategy leads to better bias/variance trade-offs than spatially uniform regularization. However, the penalty function for selective smoothing is space-variant and therefore it is not straightforward to predict the bias and variance of ROI uptake estimators in a computationally efficient way without expensive Monte Carlo simulation. Here we develop a computationally efficient method to predict bias and variance through use of the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury matrix identity and local Fourier approximations. Simulation results show that the prediction is reasonably accurate.
Democratic Resolution of Resource Conflicts Between SDN Control Programs

Resource conflicts are inevitable on any shared infrastructure. In Software-Defined Networks (SDNs), different controller modules with diverse objectives may be installed on the SDN controller. Each module independently generates resource requests that may conflict with the objectives of a different module. For example, a controller module for maintaining high availability may want resource allocations that require too much core network bandwidth and thus conflict with another module that aims to minimize core bandwidth usage. In such a situation, it is imperative to identify and install resource allocations that achieve network wide global objectives that may not be known to individual modules, e.g., high availability with acceptable bandwidth usage. This problem has received only limited attention, with most prior work focused on detecting, avoiding, and resolving rule-level conflicts in the context of OpenFlow. In this paper, we present an automatic resolution mechanism based on a family of voting procedures, and apply it to resolve resource conflicts among SDN and cloud controller programs. We observe that the choice of appropriate resolution mechanism depends on two properties of the deployed modules: their precision and parity. Based on these properties, a network operator can apply a range of resolution techniques. We present two such techniques. Overall, our system promotes modularity and does not require each controller module to divulge its objectives or algorithms to other modules. We demonstrate the improvement in allocation quality over various alternative resolution methods, such as static priorities or equal weight, round-robin decisions. Finally, we provide a qualitative comparison of this work to recent methods based on utility or currency.
Codon Bias and Noncoding GC Content Correlate Negatively with Recombination Rate on the Drosophila X Chromosome

The patterns and processes of molecular evolution may differ between the X chromosome and the autosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. This may in part be due to differences in the effective population size between the two chromosome sets and in part to the hemizygosity of the X chromosome in Drosophila males. These and other factors may lead to differences both in the gene complements of the X and the autosomes and in the properties of the genes residing on those chromosomes. Here we show that codon bias and recombination rate are correlated strongly and negatively on the X chromosome, and that this correlation cannot be explained by indirect relationships with other known determinants of codon bias. This is in dramatic contrast to the weak positive correlation found on the autosomes. We explored possible explanations for these patterns, which required a comprehensive analysis of the relationships among multiple genetic properties such as protein length and expression level. This analysis highlights conserved features of coding sequence evolution on the X and the autosomes and illuminates interesting differences between these two chromosome sets.
Photovoltaic performance in the Venus environment

The harsh environment of Venus makes it a challenging location to use photovoltaics. The difficulties include low solar intensity due to clouds and atmospheric scattering, altered solar spectrum, high operating temperatures, and a corrosive acid environment Incorporating the effect of the Venus atmosphere and clouds on the intensity and spectrum of light available and the effect of the ambient temperature, the efficiency of solar cells is calculated as a function of altitude above the surface. Remarkably, even at the high-temperature conditions of the Venus surface, some performance remains.
On Separation in the Presence of Feedback

We present a framework for characterizing the fundamental limit of communication with feedback for various point-to-point and multi-terminal finite-state channels. Among other benefits, this framework allows to identify joint source-channel coding scenarios for which separation holds. For example, we will characterize a large class of finite-state multiple access channels for which separation holds with, without, or with partial feedback.
Fast regularized reconstruction of non-uniformly subsampled parallel MRI data

Parallel MR imaging is an effective approach to reduce MR image acquisition time. Non-uniform subsampling allows one to tailor the subsampling scheme for improved image quality at high acceleration factors. However, non-uniform subsampling precludes fast reconstruction schemes such as SENSE, and is more likely to require a regularized solution than reconstruction of uniformly subsampled data demands. This means that one needs to choose a good regularization parameter, typically requiring multiple expensive system solves. Here, we present an efficient LSQR-Hybrid algorithm which simultaneously addresses the need for rapid regularization parameter selection and fast reconstruction. This algorithm can reconstruct non-uniformly subsampled parallel MRI data, with automatic regularization and good image quality, in a time competitive with Cartesian SENSE.
Contrast cine left ventriculography: Comparison of two pigtail catheter shapes and analysis of factors determining the final quality

Ventricular arrhythmias or inadequate opacification of the ventricular cavity during contrast-cine left ventriculography frequently interfere with evaluation of regional wall motion, ejection fraction or mitral regurgitation. In this prospective, randomized study traditional (straight) pigtail catheter was compared with a new, large loop pigtail catheter (both 6 French, large lumen) in terms of the quality of the cine left ventriculograms. Straight (Group I) and curved pigtail (Group II) groups were further subdivided randomly into a preset (13 cc per second for 3 seconds with a pressure rise time of 0.5 seconds) injection rate (Group IA, n = 46, and Group IIA, n = 48) or operator definded injection rate (Group IB, n = 49, and Group IIB, n = 45) subgroups. The ventricular tachycardia and couplets occurred at similar frequency among the groups. The curved pigtail subgroups showed significantly more frequent catheter induced mitral regurgitation. However, the opacification and overall quality of the left ventriculograms were distributed similarly between the groups. Because the catheter type and injection protocol did not affect the left ventriculogram quality in our study, variables determining opacification and overall quality rating are analyzed in the overall group of 190 patients. Left ventricular opacification was excellent in 72, acceptable in 108 and marginal in 10 patients. The patients with marginal opacification were significantly heavier (P = .004) with larger left ventricular enddiastolic volumes (P = .019), and smaller amount of contrast volume per enddiastolic volume (P = .005) and kilogram body weight (P = .003). The overall quality of left ventriculograms were excellent in 38, acceptable in 133, and marginal in 19 patients. The patients with excellent left ventriculograms were significantly younger (P = .019) and slightly less heavy (P = 0.09). Significantly more female patients were also in this group (P = .036). Ventricular tachycardia was the most common cause of unsatisfactory left ventriculograms. In the RAO view, deeper (more apical) placement of the catheter was associated with higher incidence of ventricular tachycardia (53%). The most "silent" area was the posterobasal area. In conclusion, the perfect left ventriculogram remains to be an elusive goal in routine clinical practice. When using 6F highflow pigtail catheters and nonionic contrast agents, more basal catheter position and higher contrast volume increase the quality of the left ventriculograms.
Attention and working memory abilities in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: To extend investigation beyond global cognitive measures prevalent in the literature, this study examined attention and working memory (WM) abilities of survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the separate contributions of attention and WM to intelligence quotient (IQ), and their association with neuroimaging changes. METHODS: Ninety-seven children with ALL received risk-directed therapy based on presenting clinical and biological factors. During consolidation therapy, low-risk patients received half the dose of intravenous methotrexate that standard-risk/high-risk patients received, and fewer doses of triple intrathecal therapy. Patients were classified according to end of consolidation magnetic resonance imaging scans (normal or leukoencephalopathy), and continuous measures of white matter structure were computed. As part of the protocol study, children completed cognitive assessment 2 years later (completion of therapy), using Digit Span Forward (DSF) for attention and Digit Span Backward (DSB) for WM. RESULTS: For the total sample and the standard-/high-risk group, Total Digit Span (TDS), DSF, and DSB were impaired relative to norms (P <.05). In the low-risk group, only DSB was impaired (P <.0001). Across groups, a higher percentage of patients performed below the average range (scale score <7) on DSB (66%) compared with the DSF (14%) or TDS (18%). Regression analysis indicated that DSB predicted estimated IQ (P <.05), after accounting for DSF. Leukoencephalopathy was predictive of lower TDS (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: WM appears to be especially sensitive to treatment-related changes in ALL survivors, detecting difficulties potentially missed by global intelligence measures. These findings may facilitate the identification of vulnerable neural pathways and the development of targeted cognitive interventions. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Accelerating vision and navigation applications on a customizable platform

The domain of vision and navigation often includes applications for feature tracking as well as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). As these problems require computationally demanding solutions, it is challenging to achieve high performance without sacrificing the fidelity of results or otherwise consuming excessive amounts of energy. Our goal then is to accelerate the applications in this domain to meet real-time performance constraints while simultaneously reducing energy consumption and avoiding degradation in the quality of results. To achieve this domain-specific acceleration, we model a customizable hardware platform based on the 3D integration of a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) atop a standard chip multiprocessor (CMP) with Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) used for communication between the two layers. Furthermore, partial automation of accelerator creation using C-to-RTL tools allows for analysis of a wide range of candidates. In this work, we mathematically characterize viable accelerator candidates, describe ideal application code for acceleration, and outline a dynamic-programming-based methodology for selecting an optimal set of candidates. Our results yield an overall speedup and energy reduction of 9.56X along with a 94X EDP reduction for the domain. Finally, we investigate the effects of various interconnect models on our performance improvements. Overall, our proposed system is shown to be highly efficient in both accelerating performance and saving energy for compute-intensive applications in this domain.
Basal levels of metallothionein I and II expression in mouse embryo fibroblasts enhance growth in low folate through a cell cycle mediated pathway.

The impact of basal (non-induced) expression levels of metallothionein I and II on the growth of mouse embryo fibroblasts in standard DMEM/F-12 containing 8.8 microm folic acid, and in DMEM/F12 without hypoxanthine, thymidine or folic acid, containing 15 nm or 15 pm[6S]-folinic acid, was assessed by comparing wild-type MT (+/+) and homozygous null MT (-/-) cell lines. No difference in growth rate was observed between the two in DMEM/F12, although MT (-/-) cells displayed a 6-fold decrease in p27(Kip1), a two fold increase in p53 and a slight increase in p21(Waf1). After 6 days in culture, the growth rate for MT (-/-) cells in 15 nm or 15 pm[6S]-folinic acid was half that of MT (+/+). After an additional 6 days in 15 n m folate, both MT (+/+) and (-/-) cells maintained their respective growth rates, while those in 15 pm had ceased to grow. During the initial 6 days in 15 nm folate, neither cell population displayed an increase in apoptosis or a change in cell cycle distribution, even though MT (-/-) cells sustained an additional 4-fold increase in p21(Waf1)and a 6-fold decrease in cyclin E expression. At day 12, however, the MT (-/-) population, but not MT (+/+), underwent a 7-fold increase in apoptosis coupled with a 3 fold increase in S phase cells. Hence, the basal level of MT I and II constitutively expressed in MT (+/+) cells enhances growth in 15nM [6S]-folinic acid by preventing S phase arrest and apoptosis.
Can one use biologic modifiers to prevent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after abdominal infections

Postoperative or trauma-induced intra-abdominal infections can result in sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Enteric bacteria and endotoxin released from the gut into the peritoneal cavity in response to injury can directly stimulate the inflammatory cascade responsible for the development of systemic inflammation and subsequent MODS. Therapeutic strategies, such as biologic modifiers that are aimed at blocking or enhancing specific mediators of the inflammatory response, have been developed and tested in animal models with varying efficacy in preventing mortality. Specific therapies that have shown beneficial effects in animal models have not proved successful in prospective, randomized human studies, and it is as yet unclear whether cytokine-based therapies will ultimately have a role in preventing MODS. Testing novel therapies in appropriate animal models that closely simulate human intra-abdominal infection is crucial in developing drugs that will be beneficial in preventing sepsis-induced mortality in critically ill patients.
Modelling PV-based communal grids potential for rural western Kenya

Communal grids based on locally available renewable energy resources could be the bridge between national grid extensions and stand-alone power generations systems, offering least-cost paths to rural ‘electrification-beyond-lighting’ in developing nations. In this work the potential to supply electricity to a rural community in Kenya using PV-based communal grids is explored. Results show that for a properly sized system, gridding many solar microgeneration systems together leads to better power management, and thus efficiency, than when each system operates individually in a stand-alone configuration. Results further show that the higher the number of individual systems in each grid configuration, the higher the power exported to the external grid, and thus the better the power system management and efficiency.
The Holy Grail of ecology: Latitudinal gradients

There are many patterns in the natural world, and most of them can quite readily be explained in scientific terms. For instance, there are differences in climate, which can be understood in terms of certain basic principles such as the amount of energy received from the Sun, and distance from the oceans. Yet there are some patterns in nature which are both striking and consistent, but so hard to explain that they almost seem to have been sent to mock us. They present us with a paradox: How can anything be so obvious, and yet so hard to explain?
Can UNESCO do More to Counter Terrorists’ Destruction of World Heritage?

Palmyra lies in ruins. Before the Temple of Bel was destroyed, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) militants murdered an 82-year-old archaeologist, Professor Khaled al-Assaad. He was an academic who dedicated more than 50 years of his life to the preservation of Syrian archaeology and Palmyra in particular. The media says he refused to tell militants the location of archaeological treasures. The US and other nations view ISIS as a terrorist group. The systematic destruction of Iraqi and Syrian tangible heritage continues to remain an essential component of ISIS’s campaign, and one with which cultural heritage professionals continue to grapple. Palmyra is a United National Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site featuring monumental ruins of a once great crossroads between east and west in the ancient world. As a symbol of cooperative multiculturalism, it represents the antithesis of ISIS ideology. In the weeks leading up to the destruction at Palmyra, UNESCO issued several statements condemning the actions of ISIS. This did nothing to deter ISIS. They destroyed the Temple of Bel on August 23, 2015. The next day, the Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, condemned the actions of ISIS as war crimes, saying:
Discovery of a novel Parvovirinae virus, porcine parvovirus 7, by metagenomic sequencing of porcine rectal swabs

Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses containing some of the smallest known species that are capable of infecting a wide range of animals. Metagenomic sequencing of pooled rectal swabs from adult pigs identified a 4103-bp contig consisting of two major open reading frames encoding proteins of 672 and 469 amino acids (aa) in length. BLASTP analysis of the 672-aa protein found 42.4 % identity to fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) parvovirus 2 (EhPV2) and 37.9 % to turkey parvovirus (TuPV) TP1-2012/HUN NS1 proteins. The 469-aa protein had no significant similarity to known proteins. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that PPV7, EhPV2, and TuPV represent a novel genus in the family Parvoviridae. Quantitative PCR screening of 182 porcine diagnostic samples found a total of 16 positives (8.6 %). Together, these data suggest that PPV7 is a highly divergent novel parvovirus prevalent within the US swine.
Spin-Polarized Atomic Hydrogen in Very High Magnetic Fields

We report preliminary results from our effort to extend the study of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen in high magnetic fields up to 20 Tesla. Recombination lifetimes are analyzed to extract three-body recombination rates. Our results are compared to theoretical predictions for reduced recombination and thus lifetime enhancement above 14 Tesla. Our discussion places particular emphasis on assessing the feasability of observing Bose-Einstein condensation in the ultrahigh field regime.
Modeling the flow of molten silicon in porous carbon preforms and the subsequent formation of silicon carbide

In this investigation, the authors have modeled the formation of silicon carbide during the infiltration of porous carbon preforms, and predicted the amount of SiC formed only due to reaction between Si and C, coupled with diffusion. For a two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) of a carbon preform with 30% volume fraction of carbon, they have numerically predicted the concentration profiles of Si and SiC, based on coupled reaction and diffusion. Consideration of only reaction and diffusion as a mechanism of formation of SiC in the model is not adequate for an efficient conversion of Si to SiC, leading thereby to the presence of residual Si. Finally, a two-dimensional approach to predict the transient permeability in the preform in relation to the transient change in porosity in an RVE, was discussed.
A survey of VLSI circuit partitioning algorithms

Circuit partitioning is a very important stage during very large-scale integrated circuits(VLSI) physical design.The quality of circuit partitioning directly affects the sequent floorplanning,placement,routing,etc.The essence of circuit partitioning is to divide the circuit consisting of logic gates or standard cells into subsets.It aims to reduce the VLSI design complexity.The objective of circuit partitioning is to minimize the number of inter-connection of subsets,such that the number of cells in each subsets are roughly equal.It can be modeled as a graph/hypergraph partitioning problem,which is known to be NP-hard.The problem has been great concern in recent years,and a number of algorithms have been proposed.This paper reviews the partitioning algorithms,mainly including: move-based iterative improvement methods,computational intelligence,multilevel methods based on clustering,approximation algorithms,multi-objective optimization methods.Finally,the points are summarized,moreover,some issues for further research are addressed.
Cardiac contractile function during coronary stenosis in dogs: association of adenosine in glycolytic dependence.

We tested the hypothesis that during critical coronary stenosis, endogenous adenosine alters myocardial glucose utilization to support myocardial contractile function (MCF). Anesthetized mongrel dogs were instrumented to measure hemodynamic variables, regional MCF (sonomicrometry), and substrate uptakes. Critical coronary artery stenosis was established with a screw clamp on the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Either 8-phenyltheophylline (3 x 10 -7 mol/min; adenosine-receptor blockade), iodoacetate (1 x 10 -5 mol/min; glycolysis blockade), or vehicle was infused into the LCX and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Critical coronary stenosis caused small decreases in arterial blood pressure and LCX blood flow, but no significant changes in MCF or other hemodynamics. There was a significant decrease in the O 2 supply-to-consumption ratio in the stenotic region and an increased glucose uptake. Infusion of either 8-phenyltheophylline or iodoacetate caused a decrease in MCF in the stenotic LCX region concomitant with a decreased glucose uptake and without further changes in blood flow. This was not seen in the nonstenotic (LAD) region. These data support the hypothesis, indicating that glycolysis is vital for maintaining regional MCF during a decrease in the myocardial O 2 supply-to-consumption ratio and that adenosine is important in this regard, independent of its vasoactive properties.
Identifying parametric variation in second-order system from frequency response measurement

Fundamentally, second-order model is the foundation of describing the dynamic characteristics of many mechanical and electrical systems. This paper investigates a parametric identification scheme for single degree-of-freedom second-order model in which the model parameters are subject to normal variation. By utilizing frequency response magnitude and phase angle measurements, we construct a linear-in-the-parameters model and build a related maximum likelihood estimator for both parametric means as well as variances. The validity of the approach is demonstrated through a collection of case analyses, and the results show considerable levels of accuracy in the presence of sufficient data.
What Does Innovation Mean and Why Does it Matter

Carolyn Mooney’s question, posed in a recent issue of The Chronicle of Higher Education (2014), aptly captures our motivation for writing this chapter. Why has “innovation” become a global buzzword in the discourse of educational philanthropists, policy makers, and pundits? What explains the saliency of innovation as the (disruptive or salutatory) silver bullet that should direct “the future of college” (Wood, 2014)? When educators and reformers advocate for innovation at both the institutional and individual level, to what social, economic, and political conditions are they responding? And what and whose purposes do their stated desires to nurture innovation serve? This chapter explores these questions primarily from the perspective of how innovation is employed in the national policies, academic discourses, and institutional contexts of higher education in China.
Assessing U.S. Wildlife Trafficking Patterns: How Criminology and Conservation Science Can Guide Strategies to Reduce the Illegal Wildlife Trade

Illegal wildlife trade is among the most profitable transnational crimes in the world. In the U.S. fewer than 330 agents from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services are tasked with inspecting 72 air and s...
Strain Rate and Cycling Frequency-The "Dynamic Duo" of Injurious Tidal Stress.

From the time mechanical ventilation was first associated with lung injury (ventilator-induced lung injury [VILI]), clinicians have concentrated on regulating selected features of the tidal cycle: plateau pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and most recently their difference, the driv
Persistent Directional Current at Equilibrium in Nonreciprocal Many-Body Near Field Electromagnetic Heat Transfer

We consider the consequence of nonreciprocity in near-field heat transfer by studying systems consisting of magneto-optical nanoparticles. We demonstrate that, in thermal equilibrium, a nonreciprocal many-body system in heat transfer can support a persistent directional heat current, without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Such a persistent directional heat current cannot occur in reciprocal systems, and can only arise in many-body systems in heat transfer. The use of nonreciprocity therefore points to a new regime of near-field heat transfer for the control of heat flow in the nanoscale.
Psychosocial Influences of the Escalation of Deviance: The Case of Prescription Drug Sniffing

The escalation of deviant behavior remains a central issue for criminologists, although mechanisms of intensification remain understudied. Using a sample of prescription drug misusers recruited via time-space sampling, we test five theoretically informed hypotheses on social and psychological factors - sensation seeking; coping; stigma; peer drug associations; use for pleasant times with peers - that may impact the escalation of deviance via non-normative consumption. Social factors - peer drug associations and use for pleasant time with peers - as well as stigma were associated with escalation. Sensation seeking was mediated by social factors. Social contexts are crucial for the intensification of deviant behavior.
What Drives Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper examines the determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the lens of three distinct economic channels. The first is that CSR is a firm's attempt, like investor relations, to improve its cost of capital. The key prediction is that firms (particularly equity dependent ones) which suffer a decrease in stock price or exit of institutional investors respond with an increase in CSR activities. The second is that CSR is motivated by media and agency channel - managers want to avoid the bad press of corporate social irresponsibility. The key prediction here is that firms with more lax corporate governance (or greater agency issues) are more likely to be socially responsible and this effect ought to be larger for firms that are in the media spotlight. The third is that CEO political values themselves matter. The hypothesis is that Democratic CEOs are more likely to support CSR. Using data on scores of corporate social responsibility and the political values of CEOs, this paper attempts to sort out the relative importance of these different motivations for CSR. Given the growing importance CSR initiatives around the world, novel research on this issue will likely have a significant impact.
Role of Particles in Respiratory Carcinogenesis Bioassay

In animal models of lung cancer induction, metallic dust particles have been used to increase the lung retention of carcinogens and enhance tumor development. The influence of the physical characteristics of the carcinogen-dust combination on lung tumor induction was investigated in a Syrian hamster model where benzopyrene(BP)-ferric oxide suspensions were given by intratracheal instillation.
A Long-Range Acting Dehydratase Domain as the Missing Link for C17-Dehydration in Iso-Migrastatin Biosynthesis

The dehydratase domains (DHs) of the iso-migrastatin (iso-MGS) polyketide synthase (PKS) were investigated by systematic inactivation of the DHs in module-6, -9, -10 of MgsF (i.e., DH6, DH9, DH10) and module-11 of MgsG (i.e., DH11) in vivo, followed by structural characterization of the metabolites accumulated by the mutants, and biochemical characterization of DH10 in vitro, using polyketide substrate mimics with varying chain lengths. These studies allowed us to assign the functions for all four DHs, identifying DH10 as the dedicated dehydratase that catalyzes the dehydration of the C17 hydroxy group during iso-MGS biosynthesis. In contrast to canonical DHs that catalyze dehydration of the β-hydroxy groups of the nascent polyketide intermediates, DH10 acts in a long-range manner that is unprecedented for type I PKSs, a novel dehydration mechanism that could be exploited for polyketide structural diversity by combinatorial biosynthesis and synthetic biology.
Diagnostic Challenges in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

This review highlights the most common presentations of demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS, termed acquired demyelinating syndrome) in children, the difficulty in determining whether the first episode represents a monophasic/transient illness or relapsing disease, and the potential underlying etiologies that must be considered, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and disorders associated with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. The initial clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, as well as those observed over time, are highlighted, emphasizing the distinct and overlapping features of each of these disorders.
Chapter 9 – Prodrugs and Drug Delivery Systems

Chapter 9 focuses on the prodrug approach to overcoming problems frequently encountered in drug design, such as poor solubility or absorption, short duration of action, toxicity, patient acceptability, formulation problems, or impaired access to the site of action. Building from the foundation laid by Chapter 8, Chapter 9 describes how various intrinsic metabolic processes can be harnessed to promote release of the active drug from its prodrug form, often at or near the intended site of action. Two types of prodrug approaches, the attachment of a small molecule or macromolecular carrier group to the drug and modification of the drug to a masked form, are described.
An updated geophysical model for WindSat observations

An accurate geophysical model is required to support calibration of a microwave imaging radiometer and retrieval of geophysical parameters. WindSat is a passive microwave imaging radiometer aboard the Coriolis satellite which was launched in January 2003. WindSat observations include dual-polarized antenna temperatures in two frequency bands (6.8 GHz and 23.8 GHz) and fully polarimetric antenna temperatures in three frequency bands (10.7 GHz, 18.7 GHz and 37.0 GHz). We have updated the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) geophysical model for WindSat using an improved atmospheric model and by accounting for the frequency pass-band characteristics of the individual receivers. We have developed a parameterized version of the model which is used for both WindSat calibration and retrievals.
Further Things I Have Learned … Selected Reflections about Publishing in Accounting Education

ABSTRACT This paper extends the self-reflections presented earlier in Stout (2016) to include some of the things I learned over the years in terms of publishing in accounting education. I offer these new reflections from the perspective of my experience over many years as an author, editor, and consumer of accounting education literature. I provide comments related to publishing instructional resources in accounting education (including educational cases) and to publishing research articles. I also offer general comments regarding publishing in accounting education, including comments as to the suitability (defensibility) of these scholarly pursuits. The manuscript complements other recent papers in the area by focusing more narrowly on the publication process in accounting education. The contents of this paper may be of interest to those wishing to enhance their publication potential in the field of accounting education.
Harrington, John Peabody (1884–1961)

The phrase most commonly used to describe John Peabody Harrington is ‘eccentric genius.’ He was obsessive, driven, suspicious of others' motives, protective of his consultants and his data, and secretive with regard to the scope of his work. In spite of this, he made a singular contribution to the study and preservation of the native languages of North America. Over the course of more than 50 years of fieldwork, he collected data on over 100 different Native American languages. Harrington's phonetically detailed recordings are often the best and sometimes the only records that remain of the languages he worked on.
Sex Hormones Regulate Innate Immune Cells and Promote Sex Differences in Respiratory Virus Infection

Sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory virus infection are widely documented in humans and murine models and correlate with sex biases in numbers and/or functional responses of innate immune cells in homeostasis and lung infection. Similarly, changes in sex hormone levels upon puberty, pregnancy, and menopause/aging are associated with qualitative and quantitative differences in innate immunity. Immune cells express receptors for estrogens (ERα and ERβ), androgens (AR), and progesterone (PR), and experimental manipulation of sex hormone levels or receptors has revealed that sex hormone receptor activity often underlies sex differences in immune cell numbers and/or functional responses in the respiratory tract. While elegant studies have defined mechanistic roles for sex hormones and receptors in innate immune cells, much remains to be learned about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of ER, PR, and AR in myeloid cells and innate lymphocytes to promote the initiation and resolution of antiviral immunity in the lung. Here, we review the literature on sex differences and sex hormone regulation in innate immune cells in the lung in homeostasis and upon respiratory virus infection.
Direct visualization of ion-channel gating in a native environment

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs), also known as Cys-loop receptors, are localized primarily in the postsynaptic membranes, and mediate fast chemical transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Binding of neurotransmitter activates these receptors, causing changes in postsynaptic membrane potential and consequently modulation of neuronal or muscle activity. pLGIC functions are altered by a variety of drugs, making them significant pharmaceutical targets. Indeed, the rise in pLGIC crystal and cryoelectron microscopy structures underscores the magnitude of research efforts that have gone into unraveling the molecular details of channel function. Current structure determination methods of pLGICs capture stationary images and, most often, in nonnative environments. As a result, gaps remain in our understanding of the dynamic properties, intermediate conformational states, and the energetics of gating transitions. In PNAS, Ruan et al. (1) seek to probe some of these missing links using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) by directly visualizing the pLGIC gating process in a membrane environment and under conditions that mimic physiological buffer, temperature, and pressure. The Cys-loop family in vertebrates includes the cationic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and serotonin receptor (5HT3AR) and the anionic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) and glycine receptor (GlyR). Homologs of pLGICs include invertebrate members (2), as well as a growing number of prokaryotic members, including the Erwinia chrysanthemi ligand-gated ion channel (ELIC) and Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC) (3). In general, pLGICs share a conserved architecture (despite low sequence identity) where five identical or homologous subunits are pseudosymmetrically arranged around an ion-conducting pore. Each subunit has an N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) that binds neurotransmitters, a transmembrane domain (TMD) with four membrane-spanning helices (M1–M4) with M2 helices lining the central pore, and a cytosolic intracellular domain in eukaryotic channels formed by the M3–M4 loop (4). Interestingly, high-resolution pLGIC structures solved … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: sudha.chakrapani{at}case.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Police authority and reform in Augustan Rome and nineteenth-century England: Localizing and nationalizing police work in traditional and modern societies.

This paper examines the police reforms of Augustan Rome and nineteenth-century England against the back-ground of the sociohistorical conditions within which they occurred. It reveals that the localism of reforms in Rome and the centralizing reforms of England were part and parcel of the traditional and modern societies from which they developed. Although this analysis offers few, if any, unequivocal historical lessons concerning the local autonomy and public accountability of modern law enforcement, it does reveal one of its basic dilemmas. Today's police work rests upon a legal rational system of social organization. It is, nevertheless, carried out within the exigencies of local communities of which it is though to be responsive. This dualism between universalistic and particularistic principles underlies current discussions of crime control and order maintenance. Attempts to dissolve this dilemma by focusing upon crime control or order maintenance to the exclusion of the other are inadequate inasmuch as the dilemma belongs to the very structure of society. Consequently, solutions such as external review boards and monitoring agencies or civilian monitoring organizations seem more appropriate as a means of maintaining the presence of universal norms while at the same time increasing levels of public accountability.
Ohio's 1990 Lake Erie Charter Fishing Industry

Abstract In 1990, the Ohio charter fishing industry on Lake Erie consisted of 1,211 licensed vessel captains, an increase of 517 over 1985. Primary charter fishing activity shifted from June, July, and August in 1985 to May, June, and July in 1990. In 1990, boat-owning charter captains made 37.5 trips annually in vessels that averaged 8.3 m (27.3 ft.) in length, 5.8 years of age, were inboard powered (75%), and licensed to carry up to six passengers for hire. Almost two-thirds of the responding captains plan to increase the number of charter trips they make in the next 5 years. The average boat-owning charter captain grossed US$10,020 in estimated charter fees and incurred $7,079 in operating expenses and $6,126 in capital expenses in 1990. The mean vessel replacement cost was $43,676. Business-related, on-board equipment was valued at $5,484. As in 1985, only those captains making more than 60 trips per year have economically viable enterprises which more than supplement the costs of owning a pleasure bo...
Supporting Reading Comprehension for Students Who Are Learning English and Have Learning Disabilities

Many adolescent students who are learning English and are identified with learning disabilities have difficulties with both reading comprehension and English language proficiency. In the secondary ...
Cutaneous eruption as a prognosis indicator for cancer patients treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

e23063Background: Clinical symptom is often a direct method to evaluate the treatment effects. With the emergence of EGFR-targeted drugs on market, it is unclear to apply cutaneous toxicity in eval...