cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of plasticity and adaptive responses to climate change along climate gradients

The relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution to the responses of species to recent and future climate change are poorly understood. We combine recent (1960-2010) climate and phenotypic data with microclimate, heat balance, demographic and evolutionary models to address this issue for a montane butterfly, Colias eriphyle, along an elevational gradient. Our focal phenotype, wing solar absorptivity, responds plastically to developmental (pupal) temperatures and plays a central role in thermoregulatory adaptation in adults. Here, we show that both the phenotypic and adaptive consequences of plasticity vary with elevation. Seasonal changes in weather generate seasonal variation in phenotypic selection on mean and plasticity of absorptivity, especially at lower elevations. In response to climate change in the past 60 years, our models predict evolutionary declines in mean absorptivity (but little change in plasticity) at high elevations, and evolutionary increases in plasticity (but little change in mean) at low elevation. The importance of plasticity depends on the magnitude of seasonal variation in climate relative to interannual variation. Our results suggest that selection and evolution of both trait means and plasticity can contribute to adaptive response to climate change in this system. They also illustrate how plasticity can facilitate rather than retard adaptive evolutionary responses to directional climate change in seasonal environments.
The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery

Abstract A key challenge facing hospitality organizations is how to retain and engage frontline employees who play an important role in influencing customer satisfaction. Although engagement has recently received considerable attention from scholars, much still remains to be learned about its intrinsic motivation and work meaning antecedents. Workplace spirituality has been conceptualized as offering new insights into how individuals experience a deeper level of intrinsic work motivation and engagement. This study found that workplace spirituality has a direct effect on employee engagement and intention to stay in a study of 292 employees in a U.S. hospitality organization. Engagement was found to be related to employees' service delivery, but not to their intention to stay. In doing so, this study provides new insights into the intrinsic work motivation antecedents of engagement and is the first investigation to empirically assess the joint effects of workplace spirituality and engagement on employee service delivery and intention to stay.
Abnormalities of platelet aggregation associated with giant granules in a subset of platelets.

![Figure][1] A 3-year-old boy presented with a medical history of facial malformation, single kidney, hypoplastic left ventricle, and complex deletion of chromosome 11 at q24.2q25, consistent with Jacobsen syndrome. He had an International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding
Synergistic Phytochemicals Fail to Protect Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats.

Abstract Menopause induces a loss of bone as a result of estrogen deficiency. Despite pharmaceutical options for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, many aging women use dietary supplements with estrogenic activity to prevent bone loss and other menopausal-related symptoms. Such supplements are yet to be tested for efficacy against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for menopausal bone loss such as zoledronic acid (ZA). The postmenopausal rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of various synergistic phytochemical blends mixed into the diet for 16 weeks. Retired-breeder, Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sham or ovariectomy surgery and 4 treatment groups: ZA; genistein supplementation; and a low dose and high dose blend of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. Ovariectomy resulted in a loss of both trabecular and cortical bone which was prevented with ZA. The phytochemical blends tested were unable to reverse these losses. Despite the lack of effectiveness ...
Development and validation of age-dependent FE human models of a mid-sized male thorax.

This paper describes how the increasing number of people over 65 years old is an important research topic in the area of impact biomechanics. The paper shows how finite element (FE) modeling can provide valuable support for related research. There were three objectives for this paper: (1) estimation of the representative age of the previously-documented Ford Human Body Model (FHBM) -- a FE model that approximates the geometry and mass of a mid-sized male; (2) development of FE models representing two additional ages; and (3) validation of the resulting three models to the extent possible with respect to available physical tests. Specifically, the geometry of the model was compared to published data relating rib angles to age, and the mechanical properties of different simulated tissues were compared to a number of published aging functions. The FHBM was determined to represent a range of 53 to 59 year old mid-sized males. The aforementioned aging functions were used to develop FE models representing two additional ages: 35 and 75 year old. The rib model was validated against human rib specimens and whole rib tests, under different loading conditions, with and without modeled fracture. In addition, the resulting three age-dependent models were validated by simulating cadaveric tests of blunt and sled impacts. The responses of the models, in general, were within the cadaveric response corridors. When compared to peak responses from individual cadavers similar in size and age to the age-dependent models, some responses were within one standard deviation of the test data. All the other responses, but one, were within two standard deviations.
TRM: A resource model for networked processes

This paper describes a large-scale GASP simulation model of workload processing on computer systems. Utilizing the TRM simulator one can define a network of processes which comprise a software system and model its execution in a man-machine environment to derive data throughput times, man/machine utilization statistics, and queueing statistics. Trace, plot, and histogram features enhance the utility of the outputs for the modeler. Results of using this model to simulate the TES/EMPS system are presented and extensions for continued research are noted.
Survival and side effects from novel alternative regimen for squamous cell head and neck cancer.

e17515Background: Toxicity of the standard regimens is a major limitation in treatment of head/neck cancer which impacted about 61,000 persons in 2016 in USA of which 13,000 died. We present data h...
Pathogen-induced MAP kinases in tobacco.

The activation of two tobacco MAP kinases, SIPK and WIPK, by a variety of pathogen-associated stimuli and other stresses have been analyzed (Table 1). SIPK was activated by SA, a CWD carbohydrate elicitor and two elicitins from Phytophthora spp, bacterial harpin, TMV, and Avr9 from Cladosporium fulvum. In addition to these pathogen-associated stimuli, wounding also activated SIPK, suggesting that this enzyme is involved in multiple signal transduction pathways. In all cases tested, SIPK activation was exclusively post-translational via tyrosine and threonine/serine phosphorylation. WIPK was activated by only a subset of these stimuli, including infection by TMV or harpin-producing Pseudomonas syringae (preliminary unpubl. result) and treatment with the CWD elicitor, elicitins or Avr9. In contrast to SIPK, WIPK was activated at multiple levels. Low level activation (e.g. by the CWD elicitor) appeared to be primarily post-translational whereas dramatic increases in kinase activity (e.g. by TMV or elicitins) required not only post-translational phosphorylation, but also preceding rises in mRNA levels and de novo synthesis of WIPK protein. Interestingly, under conditions where the same stimulus activated both of these kinases, their kinetics of activation appeared to be distinct. SIPK was the first to be activated. Activation of the low basal level of WIPK protein present before treatment exhibited similar kinetics to that of SIPK; however, the appearance of high levels of WIPK enzyme activity was delayed, perhaps reflecting the need for WIPK transcription and de novo protein synthesis.
Ion transport in polymeric ionic liquids: recent developments and open questions

Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) are an emerging class of materials that combine the attractive properties of ionic liquids with the sequence complexity and mechanical characteristics of macromolecules. While significant advances have occurred in the context of synthesis and characterization of such materials, comparatively less understanding exists on the mechanisms underlying ion transport in such materials. In this perspective article, the status of understanding in related systems of salt-doped polymer electrolytes, (non-ionic-liquid-based) single-ion polymer conductors and room temperature ionic liquids is briefly reviewed. Subsequently, some recent developments in the context of PILs are discussed to identify some open questions confronting the issue of ion transport in such materials.
Intelligent Selection of Smart Beta Mutual Funds

Unlike index funds, smart beta mutual funds (SBFs) attempt to beat the market by weighting securities based on price, value, momentum, and other fundamental characteristics through careful adherence to trading rules based upon these traits. Since their debut, SBFs have attracted over a trillion dollars. This research attempts to ascertain whether SBFs beat their category averages and whether limiting the costs of investing in SBFs can enhance their performance relative to category averages. Our findings show that SBFs do not necessarily outperform the market, as measured using category averages. Return and risk are both higher, resulting in risk-adjusted performance that is very similar to the average of their respective category. However, performance can be greatly improved by selecting SBFs that charge less for their services. Limiting the sample to those SBFs with the lowest 25% of expense ratios results in even better performance.
Bimetallic nanostructures: combining plasmonic and catalytic metals for photocatalysis

Light has emerged as a promising new reagent in chemical reactions, especially in enhancing the performance of metal nanoparticle catalysts. Certain metal nanoparticles support localized surface pl...
Benefits of Summer Camp: What Do Parents Value?.

This exploratory study examined parent perceptions about the benefits of and barriers to their child attending a residential summer camp. Researchers conducted a survey of 370 parents of summer camp attendees and 198 parents of camp-aged children who have never attended camp. Findings show that parents value different camp benefits depending on the gender of their child and whether any of their children have previously attended summer camp. Results from parents of camp-aged children who have never attended camp indicate that the most important reason they have not sent their children to residential summer camp is that they feel their child is not ready. Cost of summer camp tuition and busy summer schedules were seen as the greatest barriers to camp attendance. These findings can help inform the messages camps use in their promotional materials and help camps utilize a segmented approach for different target markets.Subscribe to JOREL
Deep learning enabled Lagrangian particle trajectory simulation

Abstract We introduce a deep learning method to simulate the chaotic motion of particles trapped in the recirculation zone of a buoyancy-opposed flame. The Lagrangian trajectories of particles in flame were captured using a high-speed camera and subsequently reconstructed in a 3-dimensional cylindrical space. These experimentally determined trajectories were next used to train the two most widely adopted deep generative models – the variational autoencoder (VAE) and the generative adversarial net (GAN). The performance of both models was then benchmarked according to statistical analysis performed on both the simulated trajectories and the ground truth, regarding accuracy and generalization criteria. Our results show that the GAN model produces non-repeating trajectories precisely capturing the statistical features of those determined in experiments, as revealed in their spatial-temporal scaling relationship and linear pair-correlation values; whereas the VAE model trained with the same amount of data tends to overfit, producing inferior results grappling with the trade-off between accuracy and generalization criteria. The influence of the size of training data on model performance is also evaluated. This paper concludes with a discussion on the potential utility of the deep learning enabled trajectory simulation.
Damage sizing in self-sensing materials using a genetic algorithm-supplemented electrical impedance tomography formulation

The piezoresistive effect and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) have been thoroughly explored for structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications in civil, mechanical, and aerospace venues. Conveniently, EIT has been used for detecting damage by imaging conductivity changes in piezoresistive nanocomposites and sensing skins. Although EIT can spatially resolve damage better than interpolated resistance change methods, its imaging capabilities are somewhat limited and indistinct to such an extent that it is difficult to infer the actual damage size and shape. In light of this limitation, we present a new methodology for determining damage size and shape in self-sensing piezoresistive materials. Our technique makes use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to inversely compute damage size from boundary voltage measurements and EIT-imaged conductivity changes. In this preliminary study, this new technique is first explored computationally and then experimentally validated. Our initial results show that the proposed GAsupplemented EIT formulation can indeed precisely reconstruct damage shapes. These preliminary results consequently suggest a pathway from mere damage localization via EIT to much more complete damage characterization in self-sensing materials.
Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable.

In summary, the available clinical anecdotes of low dose radiotherapy for treating patients with viral pneumonia and the weak preclinical data testing the efficacy of low dose radiotherapy in animal models of viral pneumonia are not sufficient for exposing COVID-19 patients to the risks of radiation exposure in a clinical trial. Furthermore, delivering radiation therapy to hypoxic COVID-19 patients, who may have ARDS, would increase the risk of infection to staff and cancer patients, who may be at high risk for mortality from COVID-19 [20]. While we appreciate that the COVID-19 pandemic is causing large numbers of deaths and straining health systems worldwide, and that this has motivated colleagues to propose clinical trials of low dose radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia with the best of intentions, we believe that based on the available data, the potential risks of such trials outweigh the potential benefits. Before such trials should be considered, further preclinical work is needed to demonstrate efficacy of radiotherapy to provide scientific justification for a clinical trial in patients with COVID-19.
Nanoproteomics enables proteoform-resolved analysis of low-abundance proteins in human serum.

Top-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics provides a comprehensive analysis of proteoforms to achieve a proteome-wide understanding of protein functions. However, the MS detection of low-abundance proteins from blood remains an unsolved challenge due to the extraordinary dynamic range of the blood proteome. Here, we develop an integrated nanoproteomics method coupling peptide-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with top-down MS for the enrichment and comprehensive analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a gold-standard cardiac biomarker, directly from serum. These NPs enable the sensitive enrichment of cTnI ( 1010 more abundant than cTnI). We demonstrate that top-down nanoproteomics can provide high-resolution proteoform-resolved molecular fingerprints of diverse cTnI proteoforms to establish proteoform-pathophysiology relationships. This scalable and reproducible antibody-free strategy can generally enable the proteoform-resolved analysis of low-abundance proteins directly from serum to reveal previously unachievable molecular details.
Evaluating carrier mobility in hybrid perovskites for thin film transistors

Developing high-performance thin film transistors (TFTs) based on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites has to date been surprisingly problematic. This is in-part attributed to ionic screening of the transistor channel under applied gate voltages, and subsequent difficulty in accumulating electronic charge. Not only does this make progress in TFT technology challenging, but it also excludes TFTs as effective probes of mobility, something for which TFTs are routinely employed by the organic semiconductor community. In this talk I discuss the use of contactless time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) methods in evaluating mobility in semiconductors. I demonstrate how TRMC can be used to evaluate carrier mobility in powders of new semiconductors, eliminating the major bottleneck of device optimization. We can also resolve the mobility in-plane and out-of-plane of thin-films, as well as photo-induced changes in the relative permittivity of semiconductors.
Floristic and Macroinvertebrate Responses to Different Wetland Restoration Techniques in Southeastern Wisconsin

Assessments of wetland restoration quality, especially comparisons among restoration techniques, are essential to adaptive management, but are rarely reported. We evaluated wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin that were restored using different hydrological techniques along with wetlands in two reference groups: wetlands without hydrological modification and Waterfowl Production Areas. Our objectives were 1) to compare condition of wetlands using indices for plant communities and macroinvertebrates and 2) evaluate provisioning of macroinvertebrates for waterfowl broods as a measure of habitat quality. Overall, floristic quality of sedge meadows and emergent marshes was poor in restored wetlands (weighted mean C-values were 1.55 ± 0.13 (SE) and 1.47 ± 0.25, respectively); however, sedge meadow quality was greater in wetlands without surface modification (weighted mean C-value = 3.43 ± 0.82). On a scale from “excellent” to “very poor”, we classified condition of open water communities as “good” based on the macroinvertebrate index across all restoration categories. Density and abundance of macroinvertebrate taxa preferred by waterfowl broods were similar across restoration categories and indicated that wetland basins provide ample food resources. We recommend that conservation planners and wetland managers state quantifiable, appropriate objectives for restoration ahead of implementation and address conflicting objectives with stakeholders.
Atypical Pyoderma Gangrenosum in the Setting of Venous and Arterial Insufficiency.

Ulcers of mixed etiology are diagnostically elusive and challenging to treat, especially when rare conditions are superimposed. Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an autoinflammatory, ulcerative skin dis...
Thallium-Based Materials for Radiation Detection

A variety of medical imaging, homeland security, industrial monitoring, environmental survey, and physical science applications can be largely enhanced by employing high-performance room-temperature radiation detectors. To this end, thallium (Tl)-based materials represent an interesting category of detector materials thanks to their unique physical properties. In this regard, TlBr has been intensively studied as a radiation detector material over the past few years. Recently several other Tl-based compounds, e.g., TlPbI3, have also received strong interest in light of their potential for room-temperature radiation detection. In this chapter, we review the development of these Tl-based materials, used as either semiconductor radiation detectors or scintillator radiation detectors, and discuss the performance-determining factors including physical properties, growth processes, and defect control.
Evaluating precipitation, streamflow, and inundation forecasting skills during extreme weather events: A case study for an urban watershed

Abstract Integrated forecasting systems for precipitation, streamflow, and floodplain inundation are of critical importance in mitigating the impacts of destructive floods caused by extreme weather events. However, the skills of streamflow and floodplain inundation forecasts derived from various Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) require a greater level of understanding. In this study, a set of QPF developed by the National Weather Service (NWS) were used to drive a flood modeling system obtained utilizing offline coupling of a physics-based distributed hydrological model, the Distributed Hydrology Soil and Vegetation Model (DHSVM), and a hydrodynamic model, the Two-dimensional Runoff Inundation Toolkit for Operational Needs (TRITON). This flood modeling system was used to produce forecasts of streamflow and floodplain inundation maps during three major flood events in the Brays Bayou Watershed (Houston, Texas, USA) for a range of QPF durations (6–72 h). Then, to investigate the effects of increasing QPF durations on the forecasts, the forecasting skills of precipitation, streamflow, and floodplain inundation were quantified. The results show that: 1) QPF skills for more intense and sustained events such as hurricanes and tropical storms are higher than for shorter, less intense events; 2) while QPF and streamflow forecasting skills decrease as QPF durations increase, inundation forecasts under longer QPF durations (24 or 72 h) show higher skills; 3) extending the maximum QPF duration in operational hydrologic modeling from 24 h (under normal circumstances) to 72 h (for extreme events) may increase the skills of long lead time forecasts for large-scale events like Hurricane Harvey.
Preventing opioid use among justice-involved youth as they transition to adulthood: leveraging safe adults (LeSA).

BACKGROUND Juvenile justice (JJ) youth are at high risk of opioid and other substance use (SU), dysfunctional family/social relationships, and complex trauma. The purpose of the Leveraging Safe Adults (LeSA) Project is to examine the effectiveness of Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®; leveraging family systems by providing emotional and instrumental guidance, support, and role modeling) in preventing opioid and other SU among youth after release from secure residential facilities. METHODS An effectiveness-implementation Hybrid Type 1 design is used to test the effectiveness of TBRI for preventing non-medical use of opioids among JJ-youth (delayed-start at the site level; a randomized controlled trial at participant level) and to gain insight into facility-level barriers to TBRI implementation as part of JJ re-entry protocols. Recruitment includes two samples (effectiveness: 360 youth/caregiver dyads; implementation: 203 JJ staff) from nine sites in two states over 3 years. Participant eligibility includes 15 to 18-year-olds disposed to community supervision and receiving care in a secure JJ facility, without active suicide risk, and with one caregiver willing to participate. Effectiveness data come from (1) youth and caregiver self-report on background, SU, psychosocial functioning, and youth-caregiver relationships (Months 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18), youth monthly post-release check-ins, and caregiver report on youth psychological/behavioral symptoms, and (2) JJ facility records (e.g., recidivism, treatment utilization). Fidelity assessment includes post-session checklists and measures of TBRI strategy use. Collected four times over four years, implementation data include (1) JJ staff self-report on facility and staff characteristics, use of trauma-informed care and TBRI strategies, and (2) focus groups (line staff, leadership separately) on use of trauma-informed strategies, uptake of new interventions, and penetration, sustainment, and expansion of TBRI practices. DISCUSSION The LeSA study is testing TBRI as a means to empower caregivers to help prevent opioid use and other SU among JJ-youth. TBRI's multiple components offer an opportunity for caregivers to supplement and extend gains during residential care. If effective and implemented successfully, the LeSA protocol will help expand the application of TBRI with a wider audience and provide guidance for implementing multi-component interventions in complex systems spanning multiple contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04678960 ; registered November 11, 2020; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04678960 .
DEMOSTHENES: Statesman and orator

Introduction: Demosthenes, Then and Now, Ian Worthington 1. The Road to Prominence, E. Badian 2. Demosthenes and Philip II, T.T.B. Ryder 3. Demosthenes' (In)activity during the reign of Alexander the Great, Ian Worthington 4. Demosthenes and Aeschines, John Buckler 5. Demosthenes and the Social Historian, Mark Golden 6. Demosthenes as Advocate: The Private Speeches, David C. Mirhady 7. The Public Speeches of Demosthenes, R.D. Milns 8. Philosophers, Politics, Academics: Demosthenes' Rhetorical Reputation in Antiquity, Craig Cooper 9. Demosthenes in the Underworld: A Chapter in the Nachleben of a Rhetor, Phillip Harding
Resistance to Japanese rice policy

Abstract Hachirōgata Land Reclamation Project, which is located in Akita Prefecture, in the rice belt of Japan, was planned to be Japan's model rice project. Policies devised to stop the oversupply of domestic rice in the early 1970s curtailed rice production nationally as well as at Hachirōgata. This article attempts to define the process of resistance to Japanese rice policy at Hachirōgata from the early 1970s to the present. Two local groups formed, each of which held a different approach to opposing national rice policy. One group began by black marketing rice without government subsidies and now favors international free trade on rice. The other group favors a modified protectionist policy which it claims is morally justified. These local approaches to resisting rice policy have attracted the attention of Japanese policy-makers and also provide an excellent opportunity for the analysis of the process and modes of resistance.
A prerecorded program for the Ball pelvimetry technique

Pelvimetry can be simplified by a recently devised computer program. The program can be used with any of several advanced programmable pocket or desk-top calculators. This approach is more accurate than either the nomogram or the slide rule, and demands much less time and attention.
Progressive ganglion cell loss and optic nerve degeneration in DBA/2J mice is variable and asymmetric.

Background Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the retina, characterized by the degeneration of axons in the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. DBA/2J inbred mice develop chronic hereditary glaucoma and are an important model system to study the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease and novel therapeutic interventions designed to attenuate the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Although the genetics of this disease in these mice are well characterized, the etiology of its progression, particularly with respect to retinal degeneration, is not. We have used two separate labeling techniques, post-mortem DiI labeling of axons and ganglion cell-specific expression of the βGeo reporter gene, to evaluate the time course of optic nerve degeneration and ganglion cell loss, respectively, in aging mice.
Individual student assessment in team-based capstone design projects

In our senior design sequence a two-credit writing-intensive course in which students propose to develop a product is followed by a three-credit course in which students carry out detail design, implementation, and prototype testing of their product. Students in four different majors work in multidisciplinary teams of three to five. The faculty are challenged to find ways to assess student achievement that accurately measure individual accomplishment while avoiding excessive faculty effort. Key issues include: fair assessment of relative contributions of hardware designers versus software designers, differing expectations for different majors, assessing a team that cannot demonstrate a functioning integrated system, and fair weighing of contributions among creativity, technical knowledge, analytical ability, ability to debug or troubleshoot, team management, and communication. We share a number of measures we have developed to assess student performance, and discuss how these measures are used to determine both individual student grades as well as assess overall achievement of program learning outcomes.
Alteration of Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Levels in Elucidating Cancer Etiology

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) is a major antioxidant and redox regulator in mammalian cells and appears to function as a double-edged sword in that it has roles in preventing and promoting/sustaining cancer. TR1 is overexpressed in many cancer cells and targeting its removal often leads to a reversal in numerous malignant characteristics which has marked this selenoenzyme as a prime target for cancer therapy. Since alterations in TR1 activity may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of cancer and new avenues for providing better therapeutic procedures, we have described herein techniques for removing and reexpressing TR1 employing RNAi technology and for assessing the catalytic activity of this enzyme.
The Birth of Model Checking

"When the time is ripe for certain things, these things appear in different places in the manner of violets coming to light in early spring." (Wolfgang Bolyai to his son Johann in urging him to claim the invention of non- Euclidean geometry without delay [Vit88]).
Mesoscale Models of Fluid Dynamics

During the last half century, enormous progress has been made in the field of computational materials modeling, to the extent that in many cases computational approaches are used in a predictive fashion. Despite this progress, modeling of general hydrodynamic behavior remains a challenging task. One of the main challenges stems from the fact that hydrodynamics manifests itself over a very wide range of length and time scales. On one end of the spectrum, one finds the fluid’s “internal” scale characteristic of its molecular structure (in the absence of quantum effects, which we omit in this chapter). On the other end, the “outer” scale is set by the characteristic sizes of the problem’s domain. The resulting scale separation or lack thereof as well as the existence of intermediate scales are key to determining the optimal approach. Successful treatments require a judicious choice of the level of description which is a delicate balancing act between the conflicting requirements of fidelity and manageable computational cost: a coarse description typically requires models for underlying processes occuring at smaller length and time scales; on the other hand, a fine-scale model will incur a significantly larger computational cost.
CaMKII is responsible for activity-dependent acceleration of relaxation in rat ventricular myocytes

We investigated the role of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) in relaxation and cytosolic free [Ca] ([Ca]i) decline during steady-state (SS) and postrest (PR) twitches in intact rat v...
You Can't Get There from Here: Elderly Prisoners, Prison Downsizing, and the Insufficiency of Cost Cutting Advocacy

The prison population in the United States has peaked and begun to recede, reversing more than 30 years of growth. Mass incarceration is yielding to the imperative to reduce state budgets in recessionary times. As states turn away from the extravagant use of prison for nonviolent offenders, the percentage of the prison population serving long and life sentences for violent felonies will increase. By 2009 one in eleven prisoners were lifers. These are the prisoners growing old and dying in prison. High cost elderly prisoners who have aged out of crime should be good candidates for cost saving measures such as compassionate release, parole, and release through community corrections programs. This impression does not withstand scrutiny. Two thirds of elderly prisoners have been convicted of violent crimes; one quarter has been convicted of sexual offenses. Programs to reduce prison costs have indeed gained ground but they are designed for a very different population. The offender who is well positioned to avoid or leave prison as a result of cost savings policies is a young nonviolent offender; The majority of states have succeeded in reducing prison admissions by diverting nonviolent offenders to drug and other treatment programs and reducing prison terms for low level offenders. A threshold condition for diversion or release is low risk of violent offending. Implicitly these low risk nonviolent offenders are also promoted as criminals who can rehabilitate and reintegrate into the community. The majority of compassionate release programs either exclude prisoners who were convicted of violent crimes or require that the prisoner be incapacitated to the extent that he or she poses no threat to public safety. Yet even prisoners who meet these standards are rarely released. Arguing for cost cutting release of the fast growing legion of elderly prisoners is much less easily buttressed with soothing claims about the happy coincidence of lower costs and public safety. Even if, and it is big if, exaggerated fear of further predations were successfully addressed, the advocate of cost cutting reform cannot answer demands for retribution without venturing beyond the discourse of the “tough on crime” era. For thirty years the political class has shunned the previously commonly invoked criminal justice values of second chances -- the redemptive values of rehabilitation, reintegration, and mercy. The sickest and oldest prisoners are largely beyond second chances for productive citizenship. Whether released or incarcerated their care will be borne by the public purse. Elder care is not free. This Article focuses on the subclass of old prisoners who are beyond any prospect for productive citizenship because of age and ill health and are in need of elder care. The argument of this Article is that in order to capture the savings that release (and efficient carceral care) of elderly prisoners would bring, politicians and policy advocates will have to relearn to speak the language of humane criminal justice values, prominently mercy.
Intimacy in the Initial Interview

In this chapter, the authors seek to explore intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics as they relate to the problem of intimacy in the initial interview. We seek to describe processes that may occur in any setting where the patient and the clinician meet for the first time. Such settings include both public and private facilities (e.g., an emergency psychiatric clinic, a university psychological services center, or a private practitioner’s office). The task of such an interview may be as varied as to seek or prevent hospitalization, to establish via diagnosis a screening and treatment recommendation, to provide an independent consultation of a case being evaluated or treated elsewhere, or to initiate a psychotherapy or a psychoanalysis. In this latter example, the initial interview serves also as the first treatment session.
Final state interactions and the transverse structure of the pion using non-perturbative eikonal methods

In the factorized picture of semi-inclusive hadronic processes the naive time-reversal odd parton distributions exist by virtue of the gauge link which renders it color gauge invariant. The link characterizes the dynamical effect of initial/final-state interactions of the active parton due soft gluon exchanges with the target remnant. Though these interactions are non-perturbative, studies of final-state interaction have been approximated by perturbative one-gluon approximation in Abelian models. We include higher-order gluonic contributions from the gauge link by applying non-perturbative eikonal methods incorporating color degrees of freedom in a calculation of the Boer–Mulders function of the pion. Using this framework we explore under what conditions the Boer–Mulders function can be described in terms of factorization of final state interactions and a spatial distribution in impact parameter space.
Electric-field modulation of spin-wave phase in yttrium iron garnet film (presentation video)

We study the electric control of spin-wave in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) both theoretically and experimentally. It is found that an applied electric field can be used to manipulate the phase of spin waves through spin-orbit interaction and first-order magnetoelectric effect in YIG film with no piezoelectric layer coupling to it.
Cytokines in parvovirus B19 infection as an aid to understanding chronic fatigue syndrome.

Human parvovirus B19 infection has been associated with various clinical manifestations of a rheumatic nature such as arthritis, fatigue, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which can persist for years after the acute phase. The authors have demonstrated recently that acute B19 infection is accompanied by raised circulating levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and that raised circulating levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ persist and are accompanied by MCP-1 in those patients who develop CFS. A resolution of clinical symptoms and cytokine dysregulation after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, which is the only specific treatment for parvovirus B19 infection, also has been reported. Although CFS may be caused by various microbial and other triggers, that triggered by B19 virus is clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic CFS and exhibits similar cytokine abnormalities and may represent an accessible model for the study of CFS.
Seroepidemiologic study of natural transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a swine herd

Abstract A cohort of 57 pigs in a farrow-to-finish swine herd with mild clinical mycoplasmal disease was followed to determine patterns of seroconversion to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between time to seroconversion and possible risk factors for MH infection (or enzootic pneumonia). Pigs were housed in outdoor pens at approximately 9 weeks of age, when passively acquired MH antibodies had decayed. From 9 to 11 weeks of age and during a 5 week period, pigs were exposed by direct (nose-to-nose) or indirect contact to older seropositive gilts. Blood samples were collected from each pig at 3 week intervals until market age, when they were either slaughtered or selected for breeding. Antibody concentration was measured as the ratio of optical densities of the serum sample to the positive control ( S P ). Based on the sample distribution of S P ratios from pigs in an MH-free herd, pigs were considered positive when S P ratios were greater than 0.34. At the beginning of the study, all pigs were seronegative to MH. Seroconversion was first detected after 21 days, and was most frequent about 11 weeks after exposure to older seropositive gilts. By the end of the study, 11 pigs (19%) had seroconverted, with S P ratios ranging from 0.40 to 1.11. The presence of gross lung lesions showed a moderate to good agreement with ELISA results (K = 0.62). Histologic lesions were evident in virtually all slaughtered pigs, ranging from mild, non MH-specific lesions to severe lesions typical of MH infection. No secondary respiratory pathogens were isolated. Clinical signs were mild and there was no significant difference (P > 0.4) in weight gain between seropositive and seronegative pigs, or between pigs with and without lung lesions. A Cox regression model was fitted to the seroconversion data, and opportunity of contact (direct or indirect) was the only significant variable. After adjustment for breed and antibody S P ratio prior to exposure, pigs in direct contact with seropositive gilts were seven times more likely to seroconvert than those in only indirect contact.
Power efficient data retention logic design in the integration of power gating and clock gating

Recently, integration of power gating (PG) and clock gating (CG) has been proposed to reduce dynamic power and active leakage power simultaneously. During the integration, data retention logics are inserted between the power-gated cells and non-power-gated cells to hold power-gated data so that the operations of the non-power-gated cells function correctly. It is very important that the power consumption of the data retention logic should be very small so that the power reduction by CG and PG is not offset too much. Although there are several data retention flip-flop designs in the traditional PG design, no specific data retention logic design has been proposed during the integration of PG and CG. In this paper, a low power data retention logic design is proposed to fill this gap. The experimental results on ten ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits show that the power of our data retention logic design is only 1.58% of the power savings on average.
Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York

Abstract Septic-system discharges can be an important source of micropollutants (including pharmaceuticals and endocrine active compounds) to adjacent groundwater and surface water systems. Groundwater samples were collected from well networks tapping glacial till in New England (NE) and sandy surficial aquifer New York (NY) during one sampling round in 2011. The NE network assesses the effect of a single large septic system that receives discharge from an extended health care facility for the elderly. The NY network assesses the effect of many small septic systems used seasonally on a densely populated portion of Fire Island. The data collected from these two networks indicate that hydrogeologic and demographic factors affect micropollutant concentrations in these systems. The highest micropollutant concentrations from the NE network were present in samples collected from below the leach beds and in a well downgradient of the leach beds. Total concentrations for personal care/domestic use compounds, pharmaceutical compounds and plasticizer compounds generally ranged from 1 to over 20 μg/L in the NE network samples. High tris(2-butoxyethyl phosphate) plasticizer concentrations in wells beneath and downgradient of the leach beds (> 20 μg/L) may reflect the presence of this compound in cleaning agents at the extended health-care facility. The highest micropollutant concentrations for the NY network were present in the shoreline wells and reflect groundwater that is most affected by septic system discharges. One of the shoreline wells had personal care/domestic use, pharmaceutical, and plasticizer concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 5.7 μg/L. Estradiol equivalency quotient concentrations were also highest in a shoreline well sample (3.1 ng/L). Most micropollutant concentrations increase with increasing specific conductance and total nitrogen concentrations for shoreline well samples. These findings suggest that septic systems serving institutional settings and densely populated areas in coastal settings may be locally important sources of micropollutants to adjacent aquifer and marine systems.
Patterns of steroidogenesis in the vertebrate gonads

Abstract Over the past ten years data have been published on the biosynthesis of androgens and estrogens from Δ 5 -pregnenolone in vertebrate gonads via two metabolic pathways—one pathway (A) using progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as intermediates and another pathway (B) biotransforming Δ 5 -pregnenolone to androgens and estrogens via 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and Δ 5 -androstenediol. We have investigated these problems in the canine testis and in the canine ovary in experiments in vivo . Since 17α-hydroxypregnenolone can be metabolized to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in the gonads from both sexes, metabolic pathway B and metabolic pathway A may overlap. Thus, testosterone can be produced in the canine testis bypassing the formation of the steroid hormone progesterone. In the canine ovary androgens and estrogens can indeed be formed from Δ 5 -pregnenolone via pathway B, but since progesterone is an important secretory product of the ovary, the preferred route for Δ 5 -pregnenolone biotransformation in this tissue is pathway A. In the canine testis, the level of secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone is much higher than that of either Δ 5 -pregnenolone or progesterone. The metabolic pool of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in the canine testis is larger than its pool of progesterone. Moreover, there may be one storage pool and one secretory pool for steroids and steroid hormones in the gonad of the male dog. These pools are not of the same size. Progesterone is rapidly converted to either 17α-hydroxyprogesterone or to Δ 5 -pregnenolone by the dog testis, and the direct conversion of progesterone to testosterone (acetate) in this tissue is so small that it cannot be measured by currently available techniques. The rate of secretion of estrone and estradiol by the canine testis is minute. Since both the canine adrenal gland and the canine testis secrete the intermediates of pathway A and of pathway B into venous, effluent blood, the importance of this secretion for the allover hormonal household of the male dog will be discussed. This aspect of steroid metabolism appears to be important. It has recently been observed that when adrenal venous blood is infused via the spermatic artery of the dog, the secretion of testosterone by the infused testis is significantly increased. Thus, reutilization of steroid intermediates, secreted by the adrenal gland, can take place in vivo . Data will finally be presented on the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (3′,5′-AMP) and prostaglandin (PG) on testicular metabolism of Δ 5 -pregnenolone to androgens. In these experiments special emphasis is placed on how HCG, 3′,5′-AMP. or PG can change testicular storage and testicular secretion of the intermediates from pathway A and from pathway B.
Olfactory bulb removal produces a selective deficit in behavioral thermoregulation

Abstract Pairs of mice will usually huddle closely together in response to lowered ambient temperature. We find that bilateral removal of the olfactory bulbs results in an attenuation in cold induced huddling behavior. This is not the consequence of the production of anosmia since peripherally induced anosmia does not result in a deficit in huddling behavior. The deficit in huddling behavior produced by bulbectomy is not paralleled by deficits in other forms of behavioral thermoregulation e.g., heat seeking in response to refrigeration, and cold induced overeating are not affected by bulbectomy.