cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A crossed molecular beams study of the O(3P)+H2 reaction: Comparison of excitation function with accurate quantum reactive scattering calculations

We present the first measurements of the relative excitation function for the O(3P)+H2 reaction, performed with the use of a crossed molecular beams apparatus in conjunction with a high-energy (laser detonation) source of O atoms. The results are in excellent agreement with accurate quantum wave packet calculations.
Vandalizing time: Ian McEwan's The Child in Time

(1994). Vandalizing Time: Ian McEwan's The Child in Time. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 205-218.
Preparing tar-dolomite bodies in the SMB-2000-PNM mixer

The SMB-2000-PNM mixer with steam heating can be used for preparing hot tar-containing bodies.
Binding of triple helix forming oligonucleotides to sites in gene promoters.

A class of triplex-forming oligodeoxyribonucleotides (TFOs) is described that can bind to naturally occurring sites in duplex DNA at physiological pH in the presence of magnesium. The data are consistent with a structure in which the TFO binds in the major groove of double-stranded DNA to form a three-stranded complex that is superficially similar to previously described triplexes. The distinguishing features of this class of triplex are that TFO binding apparently involves the formation of hydrogen-bonded G.GC and T.AT triplets and the TFO is bound antiparallel with respect to the more purine-rich strand of the underlying duplex. Triplex formation is described for targets in the promoter regions of three different genes: the human c-myc and epidermal growth factor receptor genes and the mouse insulin receptor gene. All three sites are relatively GC rich and have a high percentage of purine residues on one strand. DNase I footprinting shows that individual TFOs bind selectively to their target sites at pH 7.4-7.8 in the presence of millimolar concentrations of magnesium. Electrophoretic analysis of triplex formation indicates that specific TFOs bind to their target sites with apparent dissociation constants in the 10(-7)-10(-9) M range. Strand orientation of the bound TFOs was confirmed by attaching eosin or an iron-chelating group to one end of the TFO and monitoring the pattern of damage to the bound duplex DNA. Possible hydrogen-bonding patterns and triplex structures are discussed.
TOWARDS A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF COLONIAL SPUMELLARIAN RADIOLARIA

Gene sequence data from the small-subunit ribosomal RNA coding region were used to explore evolutionary relationships among the colonial spumellarian radiolaria (Polycystinea). Representatives from the two spumellarian families known to form colonies were considered including the following taxa: Sphaerozoidae: Collozoum pelagicum; Collozoum serpentinum; Rhaphidozoum acuferum ; Sphaerozoum punctatum ; and Collosphaeridae: Collosphaera globularis‐huxleyi ; Acrosphaera (circumtexta?); and Siphonosphaera cyathina. Our molecular analyses support the monophyly of the Collosphaeridae in all analyses used, but only distance analyses support the monophyly of the Sphaerozoidae. Within the Sphaerozoidae, two species of Collozoum (C. serpentinum and C. pelagicum) failed to branch together, indicating a more distant relationship than first suggested, a conclusion further supported by recent ultrastructural studies (see adjoining paper). Branching patterns within the Collosphaeridae indicate that Siphonosphaera diverged prior to the split between Collosphaera and Acrosphaera, a result which challenges evidence based on data from the radiolarian fossil record. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Systemic oxygen delivery and consumption during acute lung injury in dogs

Abstract When oxygen delivery (QO2 = Qt × CaO2) is reduced in healthy animals, oxygen uptake by tissues (VO2) is maintained by an increase in the O2 extraction ratio ((CaO2 − CvO2)/CaO2) until a critical level of delivery QO2C is reached, below which VO2 becomes dependent on QO2. In patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), VO2 becomes dependent on O2 delivery even at high levels of QO2 implying a systemic O2 extraction defect. To determine whether lung injury, or its management with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and high inspired oxygen fractions (F1O2), might disrupt O2 extraction by peripheral tissues, we compared the critical O2 delivery and extraction ratio in 30 anesthetized and paralyzed dogs in four groups. One group (n = 7) received oleic acid to produce an acute lung injury (FlO2 = 1.0) and a second group (n = 7) was maintained with PEEP (FlO2 = 1.0) after receiving oleic acid. A third group (n = 8) received no oleic acid (FlO2 = 1.0), and a fourth group received no oleic acid and was ventilated with room air. The critical O2 delivery was determined in each animal as QO2 was lowered in a stepwise manner by controlled blood removal. Neither the critical QO2 nor critical O2 extraction ratios were different (P > .05) among oleic acid, PEEP-treated, or hyperoxic control animals. Similarly, the critical QO2 determined from the point at which arterial lactate began to increase showed no difference among groups. Thus, neither acute lung injury produced with oleic acid nor its treatment with PEEP was associated with a peripheral O2 extraction defect. However, a linear regression across all groups demonstrated a positive correlation between the arterial PO2 and corresponding critical O2 delivery (r =
The United States and the United Nations

The United States was the principal architect and builder of the United Nations, and the great mass of the American people welcomed the new edifice with enthusiasm and high—perhaps too high—hopes for a new world. Now, two decades and many crises later, United States opinion is wiser and more ambivalent. A large majority of the public still gives general support to the United Nations, but its enthusiasm is tempered by experience, and a vociferous minority holds views ranging from biting criticism to total rejection.
Chemistry and Ethnobotany of Commercial Incense Copals, Copal Blanco, Copal Oro, and Copal Negro, of North America

The North American commercial incense copals are derived from species of Bursera, Protium (Burseraceae), and Hymenaea (Caesal-piniaceae) but are also distinguished by the technique of harvesting as well as by species. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in three commercial incense copals. The essential oil of copal bianco (probably from B. bipinnata) is dominated by 14.52 ± 1.28% α-copaene and 13.75 ± 1.06% germacrene D. The essential oil of copal oro (probably from H. courbaril) is dominated by 21.35 ± 5.96% α-pinene and 26.51 ± 1.22% limonene. The essential oil of copal negro (probably from P. copal) is dominated by 17.95 ± 1.35% α-pinene, 12.51 ± 0.08% sabinene, and 16.88 ± 2.02% limonene.
Using multiple statistical prototypes to classify continuously valued data

Multiple statistical prototypes (MSP) is a modification of a standard minimum distance classification scheme that generates multiple prototypes per class using a modified greedy heuristic. Empirical comparison of MSP with other well-known learning algorithms shows MSP to be a robust algorithm that uses a very simple premise to produce good generalization and achieve parsimonious hypothesis representation.
Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Identity and Inhibition of Extraembryonic Differentiation: Role of CNOT1, CNOT2 and CNOT3

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are defined by their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into all adult tissues. They hold the promise to generate models for human development and disease, establish new platforms for drug discovery, and develop therapies for regenerative medicine. To fully realize these potentials, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling ESC self-renewal and differentiation. In this chapter, we discuss the regulators of human ESC self-renewal, with the emphasis on a newly-identified protein complex, Ccr4-Not, in the maintenance of human ESCs and the inhibition of extraembryonic differentiation.
Optimal Sampling of Units in Three-Level Cluster Randomized Designs An ANCOVA Framework

Field experiments with nested structures assign entire groups such as schools to treatment and control conditions. Key aspects of such cluster randomized experiments include knowledge of the intraclass correlation structure and the sample sizes necessary to achieve adequate power to detect the treatment effect. The units at each level of the hierarchy have a cost associated with them, however, and thus, researchers need to take budget and costs into account when designing their studies. This article uses analysis of covariance and provides methods for computing power within an optimal design framework that incorporates costs of units at different levels and covariate effects for three-level cluster randomized balanced designs. The optimal sample sizes are a function of the variances at each level and the cost of each unit. Overall, the results suggest that when units at higher levels become more expensive, the researcher should sample units at lower levels. The covariates affect the sampling of units and ...
MEDEVAC: Survival and Physiological Parameters Improved With Higher Level of Flight Medic Training

ABSTRACTObjective: Determine if a higher level of Army flight medic (AFM) training was associated with improved physiological state on arrival to a combat support hospital (CSH). Methods: A retrospective study comparing casualties who were evacuated by two AFM units with only Emergency Medical Technicians-Basic (EMT-Bs) to an Army National Guard unit with Critical Care Flight Paramedics (CCFPs) in Afghanistan with an injury severity score >16 in different time periods looking at their 48-hour mortality, hematocrit (HCT), base deficit (BD), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and physiological parameters on arrival to the CSH. Results: The CCFP group had better HCT [36.5 (8.8)] than the EMT-B group [33.1 (11.4); p ≤ 0.001]. BD and SpO2 were better in the CCFP group [−3.2 (4.7)]/[97.8 (4.8)] than the EMT-B group [−4.4 (5.5)]/[96.3 (10.9)] [p ≤ 0.014]. The CCFP group had a 72% lower estimated risk ratio of mortality with an associated improvement in 48-hour survivability of 4.9% versus 15.8% for the EMT-B-group. Concl...
Tracking a moving object with a binary sensor network

In this paper we examine the role of very simple and noisy sensors for the tracking problem. We propose a binary sensor model, where each sensor's value is converted reliably to one bit of information only: whether the object is moving toward the sensor or away from the sensor. We show that a network of binary sensors has geometric properties that can be used to develop a solution for tracking with binary sensors and present resulting algorithms and simulation experiments. We develop a particle filtering style algorithm for target tracking using such minimalist sensors. We present an analysis of fundamental tracking limitation under this sensor model, and show how this limitation can be overcome through the use of a single bit of proximity information at each sensor node. Our extensive simulations show low error that decreases with sensor density.
Thermodynamic and conformational properties of polystyrene. III. Dilute solution studies on branched polymers

Light-scattering and viscometric measurements on dilute solutions of five branched polystyrene polymers are reported. The data include studies in decalin as a function of temperature, including the theta temperature, and in toluene. The results for the radius of gyration and the second virial coefficient are not in accord with the two parameter random-flight model. Possible causes of this descrepancy are considered. It is shown that the intrinsic viscosity of branched chains is not uniquely determined by the radius of gyration.
Toward a methodological scheme for capturing societal effects of participatory sustainability research

Sustainability research that strives to develop solution options to complex problems and involves non-academic partners has received increasing public attention. Given this trend, funding organizations, universities, and collaborating partners from business and government seek evidence for the effectiveness of such research. The article introduces a framework and methodological scheme for capturing the societal effects of participatory sustainability research. The framework was developed through literature review and a workshop with institutional agents. It accounts for both direct and tangible as well as indirect and less tangible effects. Effects include quality products, knowledge gains, increased decision-making capacity, enhanced networks, and transformational changes. Participatory research features linked to these effects include representativeness of participants, adequate level of interaction, and transparent incorporation of stakeholder inputs. The framework is translated into a methodological scheme, which we discuss based on exploratory testing. The testing revealed a number of challenges, including adequately incentivizing participation and dealing with memory distortion. We propose coping strategies such as collaborative participant recruitment, memory consolidation activities, and real-time study design. The article provides a constructive, yet cautionary aid to researchers, professionals, and funding organizations seeking to capture the societal effects of participatory sustainability research.
A Dynamic Programming Approach for Product Selection and Supermarket Shelf-Space Allocation

A dynamic programming approach is proposed to select optimally among a given set of products and allocate integer shelf-space units to the selected products in supermarkets. The approach is designed to consider general objective-function specifications that account for space elasticity, costs of sales, and potential demand-related marketing variables. The optimization is subject to constraints due to product supply availability, 'block' product allocation and operational requirements. A primary focus is on the development of a tractable model approach that can effectively be implemented on a microcomputer. A discussion of applications and computational experience on a microcomputer is provided to support the practical applicability of the optimization approach.
Rodent Endosonography to Monitor Esophageal Cancer

Animal models of luminal cancers are important to understand and assess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic interventions. However, the ability to assess tumor growth and response without animal sacrifice is limited. We assessed the ability of luminal sonography to assess the presence of tumor and its size in a surgical esophagojejunostomy model of esophageal cancer. Luminal sonography had a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 93% in identifying the esophageal cancers. The tumor dimensions on luminal sonography were within 11% of autopsy measurements. Minimal tumor dimension was 2 mm and maximum 6.2 mm. The procedure was feasible without technical difficulty. In conclusion, rodent endosonography is a useful technique that can accurately determine the presence of tumors as well as their dimensions.
The Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System: Serving Coast Guard and Fisheries Needs in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

High Frequency (HF) Radar is an established central component of Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARCOOS). The HF Radar network currently consists of 26-sites with multistatic and nested coverage from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod with high-resolution coverage of the four major estuaries in the region. This network provides regional surface current maps to improve United States Coast Guard search and rescue operations, mitigate hazardous material spills as well as improve rip current forecasting. The radial current files are aggregated into the national data archival system. Specific applications include assimilation into a statistical model and three dynamical models with the goal of improving surface current forecasts for search and rescue. Test bed activities will routinely compare these forecasts with drifters released into the coverage area to determine the parameters necessary for inclusion into the Coast Guard search-planning tool,SAROPS. The MARCOOS HF Radar network has moved from small isolated systems to a single integrated regional system, a model that is being scaled around the world.
Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 leads to hepatosteatosis and impaired liver regeneration.

Growth hormone controls many facets of a cell's biology through the transcription factors Stat5a and Stat5b (Stat5). However, whole body deletion of these genes from the mouse does not provide portentous information on cell-specific cytokine signaling. To explore liver-specific functions of Stat5, the entire Stat5 locus was deleted in hepatocytes using Cre-mediated recombination. Notably, Stat5-mutant mice developed fatty livers and displayed impaired proliferation of hepatocytes upon partial hepatectomy (PHx). Loss of Stat5 led to molecular consequences beyond the reduced expression of Stat5 target genes, such as those encoding suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), Cish, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). In particular, circulating growth hormone levels were increased and correlated with insulin resistance and increased insulin levels. Aberrant growth hormone (GH)-induced activation of the transcription factors Stat1 and Stat3 was observed in mutant livers. To test whether some of the defects observed in liver-specific Stat5 deficient mice were due to aberrant Stat1 expression and activation, we generated Stat1−/− mice with a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Stat5. Concomitant loss of both Stat5 and Stat1 restored cell proliferation upon PHx but did not reverse fatty liver development. Thus the molecular underpinnings of some defects observed in the absence of Stat5 are the consequence of a deregulated activation of other signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family members. Conclusion: Aberrant cytokine-Stat5 signaling in hepatocytes alters their physiology through increased activity of Stat1 and Stat3. Such cross-talk between different pathways could add to the complexity of syndromes observed in disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
LIABILITY AS A CATALYST FOR PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP

Product stewardship is the set of practices related to reducing risks from chemical and process hazards in a company's supply chain. This paper develops an economic framework for evaluating supply chain liability as a driver for adopting product stewardship. Companies that outsource production may face residual liability for damages from use of their products, when liabilities are large enough to exceed supply chain partners' assets. The resulting potential liabilities can be mitigated through product stewardship. This paper shows that extended supply chain liabilities provide incentives for investing in reducing environmental hazards throughout the supply chain.
Identification and partial characterization of digestive carbohydrases in larvae of the Hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Several carbohydrases and glycosidases from the alimentary cancal and/or salivary glands of feeding larvae of mayetiola destructor have been identified. Pectinase activity was identified in the midgut and may be present in the salivary glands. No endocellulase activity was found in larvae; however, hemicellulase activity was detected in extract of larvae. Amylase activity was present in midguts from feeding larvae and at a low level in extract of salivary glands. Amylases detected in the midgut showed mobilities during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis similar to the two major amylases in tissues of the insect's host plant. The possibility exists that Hessian fly larvae utilize amylases obtained from their host plant in the digestion of starch. The major glycosidases detected in the midgut lumen of larve were: α-D-glucosidase and α-D-and β-D-galactosidase. The role of these enzymes in the feeding process of Hessian fly larvae is discussed as well as their potential role in feeding damage to wheat.
A Necessary Evil: Framing an American Indian Legal Identity

This study examines the emergence and application of what I conceptualize as an American Indian Legal Identity (AILI). AILI is an individual identity created by structural forces. Most importantly, a person can have an AILI without having either racial identity or ethnic identity. It stands on its own as proof of Indianness even though it was created in the discourse of federal Indian policy. The tribal reification of this federally defined authenticity birthed a racialized collective Indian identity. Furthermore, it has resulted in the internalized racialization of Native identity. AILI relies upon the verification of a degree of Indian blood as documented in the form of a Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood (CDIB) card issued by the US Department of the Interior and through membership within a federally recognized tribe. By focusing on historical social construction of AILI and its current implications within Native populations about who qualifies to be Indian, I analyze semi-structured, in-depth inte...
Clomiphene citrate and neural tube defects: a pooled analysis of controlled epidemiologic studies and recommendations for future studies

Objective To estimate the degree to which neural tube defects (NTDs) are associated with periconceptional clomiphene citrate (CC) exposure in controlled epidemiologic studies, to investigate the consistency of study findings with respect to this association, and to identify key problems that future studies should address. Design Pooled analysis of 10 epidemiologic studies. Settings Hospitals and clinics. Patients Women undergoing treatment for infertility. Interventions Oral administration of CC. Main Outcome Measure Prevalence ratio for NTDs. Results Ten controlled epidemiologic studies were identified that supplied sufficient data on CC and NTDs for inclusion. The estimated ratio of NTD prevalence among CC-exposed versus unexposed pregnancies ranged from 0.55 to 5.73 among the studies, but the variation was compatible with random fluctuation. The estimated summary prevalence ratio was 1.08, with 95% confidence limits of 0.76 and 1.51. Conclusion This analysis indicates that an elevation in NTD risk due to CC cannot be ruled out, but any such elevation seems likely to be less than twofold, and there may be no elevation at all. Future studies should be designed to avoid several methodological problems not addressed in studies to date.
The Importance of Education And Outreach In Geophysics

Geophysics is a field that addresses issues that are of great importance to society. These issues include reliable, affordable, and sustainable access to resources such as water and energy. The production of those resources unavoidably comes at an economic and environmental expense. In order to make balanced decisions in a democratic society, it is essential that the public is well informed. Geophysicists can help the public to be better informed by sharing their expertise through education and outreach. In the following I describe three areas where such education and outreach in geophyscis is of particular importance.
Angiocentric myofibroblastic tumor of the penis in a child: case report and literature review.

AbstractA 6½-year-old boy presented with a painless, white pearly nodule on the glans penis. Wedge excision was performed and pathological examination revealed a benign-appearing, well demarcated nodule confined to the corpus spongiosum. Histological examination revealed a peculiar multinodular myofibroblastic proliferation centered around the vessels within the penis. He has done well for 9 months without evidence of recurrence. To our knowledge this is a previously undescribed lesion arising from the male genitalia.
Endocrine changes in the late-follicular and postovulatory intervals as determinants of the in vitro fertilization pregnancy rate

This investigation examines the hormone pattern in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles from the time of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration through embryo transfer to ascertain whether the absolute levels or secretory patterns of the major reproductive hormones affect the IVF pregnancy rate. Thirty-one women who underwent IVF treatment were enrolled in the study. All patients received clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotropin for ovulation induction. Significant elevations in serum estradiol (E2) levels in the pregnant group were found throughout the cycle interval studied. After hCG administration the serum hCG levels were not different between the groups. Significant elevations in serum progesterone (P) concentrations were found in the pregnant group from the day after laparoscopy through embryo transfer. Embryos obtained from the pregnant group appeared to be different in that the mean number of blastomeres per embryo transferred was significantly greater. Therefore for achievement of an IVF pregnancy the optimal hormone pattern employing combination ovulation induction in the ovulation to transfer interval is a relatively high E2 level in ovulation followed by a high P level at transfer and into the luteal phase. These elevated hormone levels do not depend on the response to exogenous hCG.
After History: Absolute Memory

In the previous chapter I have argued that in the later systematics of Hegel’s philosophy the justice of contradiction replaces the “ethical memory” of the Phenomenology as the principle that immanently shapes the dynamic development of world history. Memory, however, although no longer the grounding principle of history, has not disappeared. At the threshold of the transition from objective to absolute spirit, looking back to the path that spirit has heretofore followed, Hegel has shown that spirit is capable of two forms of recollection. On the one hand, Erinnerung has appeared, at the level of subjective spirit, as the personal memory of the individual and the condition for all personal, subjective history. On the other hand, however, the sphere of objective spirit has proved that individual memory is based, in turn, on the collective memory of spirit taken in its social, intersubjective, and institutional actualization. The move that at this point gives precedence to collective over personal memory is similar to the one accomplished in the chapter “Geist” of the Phenomenology and later brought to the forefront of the debate by Halbwachs’s concept of “collective memory.”1 Neither form of memory, however, can be the basis of world history. Hence, the question that we need to address at this point regards the relation between world history and memory.
Treatment of ureteral anastomotic strictures with reimplantation and survival after cystectomy and urinary diversion.

Abstract Objective To examine whether long-term renal function and overall survival outcomes vary according to management approach for ureteral anastomotic stricture (UAS) after cystectomy and urinary diversion. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with benign UAS following cystectomy and urinary diversion using our institutional database. We compared time to stricture, renal function, rates of renal loss, and overall survival between patients undergoing ureteral reimplantation vs. those undergoing nonoperative management (nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent). A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine whether reimplantation was independently associated with overall survival. Results We identified 87 UAS in 69 patients. Reimplantation was performed in 26 patients (37.7%), and 43 patients (62.3%) were managed nonoperatively. The interval between cystectomy and stricture diagnosis was similar in the reimplanted and nonoperative groups (3.06 vs. 4.34 mo, P = 0.42). The differences between baseline and follow-up creatinine levels (+0.40 vs.+0.40 mg/dl, P = 0.72) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (−25.0 vs.−18.9 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , P = 0.66) were similar between groups, as were rates of renal loss (34.6% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.68); however, mortality was significantly higher in the nonoperative group. After multivariable adjustment, overall survival remained significantly higher among UAS patients who underwent reimplantation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for risk of death = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.80). Conclusion Reimplantation was associated with improved overall survival but not with improved long-term renal functional outcomes compared with nonoperative management. Nonrenal complications of nonoperative UAS management may play an important role in reducing longevity.
“Boutique” Forestry: New Forest Practices in Urbanizing Landscapes

The owners of small forests are potential clients for professional forestry services and important constituents who can affect the future of forests and forestry. Unfortunately, many owners of small forests are wary of foresters and many foresters are cautious about practicing forestry on small forests. Nonetheless, we find encouraging evidence that a growing number of forestry professionals are forging positive and profitable relationships with these landowners. Interviews with private forestry consultants, forestry organization leaders, and public foresters, as well as with the landowners themselves, reveal opportunities and constraints for working successfully with this new clientele. Among the findings: Boutique forest owners are willing to conduct forest management activities to improve their properties.
FIDEX: filtering spreadsheet data using examples

Data filtering in spreadsheets is a common problem faced by millions of end-users. The task of data filtering requires a computational model that can separate intended positive and negative string instances. We present a system, FIDEX, that can efficiently learn desired data filtering expressions from a small set of positive and negative string examples. There are two key ideas of our approach. First, we design an expressive DSL to represent disjunctive filter expressions needed for several real-world data filtering tasks. Second, we develop an efficient synthesis algorithm for incrementally learning consistent filter expressions in the DSL from very few positive and negative examples. A DAG-based data structure is used to succinctly represent a large number of filter expressions, and two corresponding operators are defined for algorithmically handling positive and negative examples, namely, the intersection and subtraction operators. FIDEX is able to learn data filters for 452 out of 460 real-world data filtering tasks in real time (0.22s), using only 2.2 positive string instances and 2.7 negative string instances on average.
Surfer’s Myelopathy

This is a novel pathological entity of the spinal cord was first described by Thompson et al. 2004. The condition is non-traumatic and occurs in inexperienced surfers, believed to be related to prolonged hyperextension of the spine in the prone position on a surf board.
Blood product utilization in human upper-extremity transplantation: challenges, complications, considerations, and transfusion protocol conception.

BACKGROUND Upper-extremity transplantation (UET) is a reality. Immunologic, functional, and graft survival outcomes have been encouraging. However, these complex reconstructions have unique considerations that pose distinct challenges. Transplant programs have reported morbidity and mortality due to significant intraoperative blood losses, but similar data are scant during other phases of recovery. We report experience from two centers on complete blood component demands and utilization with UET. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Inpatient medical records of UET recipients from intraoperative (time from initiation of transplant surgery to exit from the operative suite) and postoperative (exit from the operative suite to discharge from the hospital) phases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Six patients received various UETs and mean (±SD) postoperative hospital stay was 46 (±14.4) days. Mean (±SD) intraoperative blood unit utilization was 14.8 (±10.2) red blood cells (RBCs), 10.5 (±11.8) plasma, 0.8 (±1.2) platelets (PLTs), and 0.3 (±0.8) cryoprecipitate units. Mean postoperative blood unit utilization was 9.3 (±10.4) RBCs, 5.3 (±6.7) plasma, 1.2 (±2.0) PLTs, and 0.7 (±1.6) cryoprecipitate units. Both intraoperative and postoperative blood utilization for unilateral versus bilateral transplant were different, but not significantly so. However, total inpatient blood use in bilateral transplants was significantly greater than in unilateral transplants. CONCLUSION Substantial blood loss may occur in UET and require transfusion of many blood components, primarily RBCs and plasma. We propose an UET transfusion protocol and suggest that centers preparing to perform these transplants should actively engage the transfusion medicine service to ensure availability and access to appropriate blood components for the entire hospitalizations of these unique patients.
Hagar and Ishmael in light of Abraham and Isaac: Reading Gen. 21:8–21 and Gen. 22:1–19 as a Dialogue1:

Hagar and Ishmael in the biblical narrative are often ignored by biblical interpreters because they are usually understood as minor characters within the story. However, reading Gen. 21:8–21 and Ge...
Surveying the sequence diversity of model prebiotic peptides by mass spectrometry

The rise of peptides with secondary structures and functions would have been a key step in the chemical evolution which led to life. As with modern biology, amino acid sequence would have been a primary determinant of peptide structure and activity in an origins-of-life scenario. It is a commonly held hypothesis that unique functional sequences would have emerged from a diverse soup of proto-peptides, yet there is a lack of experimental data in support of this. Whereas the majority of studies in the field focus on peptides containing only one or two types of amino acids, here we used modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques to separate and sequence de novo proto-peptides containing broader combinations of prebiotically plausible monomers. Using a dry–wet environmental cycling protocol, hundreds of proto-peptide sequences were formed over a mere 4 d of reaction. Sequence homology diagrams were constructed to compare experimental and theoretical sequence spaces of tetrameric proto-peptides. MS-based analyses such as this will be increasingly necessary as origins-of-life researchers move toward systems-level investigations of prebiotic chemistry.
Novel Glucocorticomimetic Agents Active on Eosinophils: Potential Uses in the Therapy of Asthma

Publisher Summary It is believed that a KATP channel is present on the eosinophil membrane. By analogy with other KATP channels, a SUR and a Kir comprise the channel. The inhibition of IL-5-mediated eosinophil survival by lidocaine and by the SUR blockers is not overcome by increased IL-5 concentrations (up to 10,000 pg/ml), unlike the inhibition by glucocorticoids. It would seem most likely that the mechanism of action of lidocaine involves an inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir). The ability of KATP blockers to inhibit, and of openers to potentiate, IL-5-mediated survival is in keeping with the presence of an eosinophil SUR. A SUR family has recently been identified, and both SUR1 and SUR2 associate with and regulate Kir6.2. The two identified members, SUR1 and SUR2, are structurally related, but functionally distinct in that the SUR2-Kir6.2 combination is less sensitive to glyburide than the SUR1-Kir6.2 complex. Based on the concentrations of glyburide required to inhibit eosinophil survival in the experiments (c. 10-4 M), it is speculated that glyburide is not acting through the classic high-affinity SUR1, but rather functions through an analogous family member with a lower affinity for glyburide, possibly SUR2.
Treatment-Planning for Schizophrenia:

Knowledge of current concepts of schizophrenia, ego psychology, and the systems-communications approach facilitates social work interventions with clients
The Responses of Melatonin Rhythms to Environmental Lighting

Two very powerful generalizations characterize present conceptions of normal pineal function (1–3): In almost all species examined thus far in laboratory situations, the pineal secretes more melatonin at nighttime than during the day, and melatonin secretion is suppressed when the animals are placed in a lighted environment. Since nighttime for humans coincides with the daily dark period, investigators have often tacitly assumed that the second generalization explains the first, — that is, that the circadian increases in melatonin secretion occurs nocturnally because the absence of light terminates the retina-mediated suppression of pineal sympathetic activity, thereby increasing the organ’s stimulation by norepinephrine.
Processing Deficits of Amnesic Patients

The topic of “Encoding Deficits in Amnesia” was the first thing that Nelson and I talked about upon initially meeting back in 1970. At the time, I was an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at Tufts University and he had been at the Boston VA for approximately five years after having spent the first few years of his career at the NIH. We met at a meeting of the Boston area cognition interest group that convened once a month at Bolt, Beranek and Neuman, or at MIT. Founded by Drs. Norman and Waugh, and attended by notables such Nickerson, Wickelgren, Collins, Potter and Wingfield, we were clearly in over our heads. This particular meeting was one of the first I had attended and Nelson was the invited speaker, so I assumed that he was a regular member. It turned out that he was not a member and that the members were not all that interested in the results of testing brain-injured patients, feeling, as I was soon to learn was not an isolated reaction to this data, that little to nothing about normal memory could be learned from studying the injured brain. But, I thought otherwise and was fascinated by the possibilities of studying information processing by testing amnesics. Nelson was, of course, magnetic in his presentation, both entertaining and informative and, for a young investigator who was still feeling around for a niche in the field, compelling in his presentation. I remember telling my wife that night that I thought I had met someone with whom I could collaborate on a project or two.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on racing Standardbreds.

Twenty-two Standardbred horses in race training were used in a crossover experiment to determine the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) administration on performance and metabolic responses to a 1.6-km (1-mile) race. Horses were paired and one horse in each pair was treated with either NaHCO3 (300 mg/kg BW) or a placebo, 2.5 h before they raced against each other. Each horse was scheduled to compete in two races, approximately 1 wk apart, one on each treatment. Horses always raced in the same pairs. Fourteen horses successfully completed both races. Jugular blood samples were obtained 1.5 h after treatment (rest), immediately before racing, 5 min post-race and 15 min post-race. In six horses, blood samples also were obtained 30 min post-race. Race times averaged 1.1 s faster after NaHCO3 treatment (P less than .1). Sodium bicarbonate treatment also elevated blood pH (P less than .05). In the horses sampled 15 and 30 min post-race, blood lactate disappearance was faster with the NaHCO3 treatment (P less than .05). The NaHCO3 may delay the fatigue precipitated by i.m. acidosis. Because other factors may limit performance (musculoskeletal soundness, cardiovascular and respiratory ability), NaHCO3 would not be expected to enhance the performance of all horses. However, the effect of NaHCO3 on lactate clearance may have implications for all intensively worked horses; because lactate and the associated hydrogen ions are believed to cause muscle damage and soreness, any mechanism to increase their removal rate could benefit the equine athlete.
The Dance That Will Not Die: Refracting Imperial Whiteness through The Dying Swan

Michel Fokine’s 1905 ballet The Dying Swan continues to be performed across cultures and genres. Each new Dying Swan registers a particular racial experience of imperial power and privilege and a s...
Temperance, Moral Friendship, and Smoking Cessation

The predominant approach of public health experts to cigarette smoking might be described as behaviorist, for it aims to eliminate this behavior without attending to human agency and intention. The requirement that physicians address smoking cessation at every patient visit also constitutes physicians as "managers" who focus narrowly on technical means to achieve predetermined ends. In this paper, I contrast such an approach with the Aristotelian tradition, according to which physician and patient ought to develop the virtue of temperance that would allow the patient to quit smoking. Although this model could potentially mitigate medicine's behaviorist-managerial tendencies, I follow Aristotle to argue that it requires a moral friendship in which participants share a conception of the human good and pursue that good together. Due to the intractable moral pluralism that characterizes contemporary life, physicians and patients are unlikely to achieve this sort of friendship, making Aristotelian medicine impracticable at present.
Research on large-scale wind power utilization technology based on energy storage

To improve the wind power utilization, methods of adding electricity storage device, adding heat storage device, treating the heat pipe network as a heat storage device are proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of cogeneration, electricity storage and heat storage equipment are analyzed. Secondly, the objective function of thermoelectric system is constructed. Meanwhile, system constraints are also introduced. Then, the scheduling model is transformed into a linear programming problem and solved with CPLEX toolbox. Finally, a typical cogeneration case is established to test the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The simulation results show that all these methods can effectively improve the amount of wind power utilization.
Identification and Migration Studies of Photolytic Decomposition Products of UV-Photoinitiators in Food Packaging.

UV-curable inks, coatings, and adhesives are being increasingly used in food packaging systems. When exposed to UV energy, UV-photoinitiators (PI’s) present in the formulations produce free radicals which catalyze polymerization of monomers and pre-polymers into resins. In addition to photopolymerization, other free radical reactions occur in these systems resulting in the formation of chemically varied photolytic decomposition products, many of which are low molecular weight chemical species with high migration potential. This research conducted model experiments in which 24 commonly used PI’s were exposed to UV-energy at the typical upper limit of commercial UV-printing press conditions. UV-irradiated PI’s were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in order to identify photolytic decomposition products. Subsequently, migration studies of 258 UV-cure food packaging samples were conducted using GC-MS; PI’s and photolytic decomposition products were found in nearly all samples analyzed. One hundred-thirteen photolytic decomposition products were identified. Eighteen intact PI’s and 21 photolytic decomposition products were observed as migrants from the 258 samples analyzed, and these were evaluated for frequency of occurrence and migratory concentration range. The most commonly observed PI’s were 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and benzophenone. The most commonly observed photolytic decomposition products were 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 1-phenyl-2-butanone. This compilation of PI photolytic decomposition data and associated migration data will aid industry in identifying and tracing non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials.
Divalent Cations and Lipid Composition Modulate Membrane Insertion and Cancer-Targeting Action of pHLIP

Abstract The pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) has emerged as an important tool for targeting cancer cells; it has been assumed that its targeting mechanism depends solely on the mild acidic environment surrounding tumors. Here, we examine the role of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on pHLIP's insertion, cellular targeting, and drug delivery. We demonstrate that physiologically relevant concentrations of either cation can shift the protonation-dependent transition by up to several pH units toward basic pH and induce substantial protonation-independent transmembrane insertion of pHLIP at pH as high as 10. Consistent with these results, the ability of pHLIP to deliver the cytotoxic compound monomethyl-auristatin-F to HeLa cells is increased several fold in presence of Ca2+. Complementary measurements with model membranes confirmed this Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent membrane-insertion mechanism. The magnitude of this alternative Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent effect is also modulated by lipid composition—specifically by the presence of phosphatidylserine—providing new clues to pHLIP's unique tumor-targeting ability in vivo. These results exemplify the complex coupling between protonation of anionic residues and lipid-selective targeting by divalent cations, which is relevant to the general signaling on membrane interfaces.
Comparative‐fill urodynamics in individuals with and without detrusor overactivity supports a conceptual model for dynamic elasticity regulation

Aims Dynamic elasticity was previously identified in individuals with overactive bladder (OAB) using comparative-fill urodynamics (UD) and is a biomechanical mechanism for acutely regulating detrusor wall tension. On the basis of this data, a conceptual model of dynamic elasticity regulation mediated through a balance of passive mechanisms and active contractions was constructed. The present study tested this model by determining whether individuals with detrusor overactivity (DO) exhibit less dynamic elasticity than individuals without DO. Methods Individuals with and without urgency based on International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-OAB surveys were prospectively enrolled in a comparative-fill UD study. An initial fill defined the presence or absence of DO and determined cystometric capacity. Three additional fills were employed with either passive emptying via a catheter or active voiding. To identify dynamic elasticity, average filling pressures (Pves ) were compared for fill 1 (before strain softening), fill 2 (after strain softening), and fill 3 (after active void). A dynamic elasticity index was defined. Results From 28 participants, those without DO showed decreased Pves during filling after strain softening and restored Pves during filling following active voiding, revealing dynamic elasticity. Participants with DO did not show dynamic elasticity. A dynamic elasticity index less than 1.0 cmH2 O/40% capacity was identified in 2 out of 13 participants without DO and 9 out of 15 with DO, revealing a significant association between DO and reduced/absent dynamic elasticity (P = .024). Conclusions This study supports a conceptual model for dynamic elasticity, a mechanism to acutely regulate detrusor wall tension through a balance of competing active contractile and passive strain mechanisms. Improved understanding of this mechanistic model may help us to identify novel treatment strategies for OAB.