cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of high molecular weight acetal resins

Information is presented on those physical properties where measurement is greatly facilitated by thermal stability greater than previously known in polyoxymethylenes, and properties of a mechanical nature characteristic of high molecular weight polymeric materials. The high molecular weight polyoxymethylenes studied possess the characteristic properties of a semicrystalline material in the high molecular weight range. The melting point, stiffness, and tensile strength of these materials substantially exceed those for linear polyethylene, which suggests that the effective chain interactions are enhanced by ease of close packing of the chains. High density and high crystallinity are in accord with this picture.
The phytoplankton characteristics of the Barrier Island lagoons of the Gulf of California

The eastern coast of the Gulf of California, a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, is almost continuously bordered by extensive coastal lagoons. Fifteen representative lagoons were compared with the open Gulf during the season of lowest upwelling, highest temperatures, and at the end of the low rainfall season. A positive correlation between lagoon flushing rates, nutrients, chlorophyll a biomass (to >19.5 mg m−3), and primary production (to >185 mg C m−3h−1) was established, apparently related to lagoon trapping of nutrients and/or anthropomorphic eutrophication, as well as a positive correlation between lagoon assimilation numbers (to > 12.5) and temperature (to >31 °C). Gradients of lagoon primary production characteristics (phytoplankton community composition, chlorophyll a biomass, primary production, assimilation numbers, and nutrient levels) indicated that the lagoons were markedly influencing the inshore waters of the eastern central Gulf of California. Supporting data on the distribution of phytoplankton species in the Gulf and lagoons, diversity indices, degree of dominance, and nano: microplankton ratios are provided.
Eco-Heroes and Eco-Villains: An Archetypal Analysis of Environmental Film, 1950-2010.

Archetypes are characters recognizable by media consumers that operate at a subconscious level and often elicit strong emotional responses. Popular Hollywood films addressing issues of the environment offer hero and villain figures that demonstrate strong archetypal characteristics. Surrounding the intricate characters, many of these films also present a complexity of environmental messages. This study examines 44 Hollywood films with environmental themes from 1950–2010 and uses a neo-archetypal approach to identify heroes and villains within the narrative. Based on process-relational media models, the outcomes of this study have implications relevant to audience consumption, environmental message interpretation and corporate public awareness.
Multimedia electronic teaching file

To make images and data available to all the radiologists, fellows, and residents at the University of Florida an electronic teaching file was required that was accessible to a wide range of people in a number of locations and could display not only data about cases, but the relevant images to go with the case. The multimedia electronic teaching system (METS) uses Oracle as its database management system with addresses of images stored in the tables. To avoid tedious data entry, a connection to the medical center's radiology information system was made. Findings, diagnosis and ACR codes are entered at the data entry screen along with the image numbers of the relevant images for CT, MRI, and US. These images are retrieved from the PACS system for storage on the METS disks. The user interface to the retrieval and display operation allows a search of any or all of the fields in the database through a query by example facility. Simple image manipulation is possible. A Sun workstation was used to implement the system. The user interface was initially written using the MOTIF window manager that could be run over the network on any other Sun workstation. An upgrade uses a MOSAIC with forms to implement data entry and query facilities.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Shared decision-making among caregivers and health care providers of youth with type 1 diabetes.

The present study aimed to examine perceptions of shared decision-making (SDM) in caregivers of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Interview, survey data, and HbA1c assays were gathered from caregivers of 439 youth with T1D aged 3–18 years. Caregiver-report indicated high perceived SDM during medical visits. Multivariable linear regression indicated that greater SDM is associated with lower HbA1c, older child age, and having a pediatric endocrinologist provider. Multiple logistic regression found that caregivers who did not perceive having made any healthcare decisions in the past year were more likely to identify a non-pediatric endocrinologist provider and to report less optimal diabetes self-care. Findings suggest that youth whose caregivers report greater SDM may show benefits in terms of self-care and glycemic control. Future research should examine the role of youth in SDM and how best to identify youth and families with low SDM in order to improve care.
Variations in the laterality of the central projections of retinal ganglion cells

Abstract Five examples are reviewed in which optic axons do not end on the expected side of the brain in terms of analysis and integration of visual fields. These are: (1) regeneration after optic nerve section in frogs, (2) variations shown in cats depending on the ganglion cell type involved, (3) the pattern of retinotectal compared with retinogeniculate representation, (4) the aberrant ipsilateral distribution of optic axons in rats after unilateral enucleation early in development, and (5) the anomalies encountered in albino animals. An attempt is made to identify general mechanisms which may be common to all or most of the patterns described. The suggestion is offered that different ganglion cell types in the eye may respond to different decussation points, perhaps as a result of different timing of development or of varied potential for interaction at the optic chiasm. It is further suggested that the Y system of ganglion cells is particularly susceptible to aberration of laterality and as such may be a major factor in the anomalies associated with albino animals and with rats enucleated at birth.
Proposed guidelines for pedestrian level wind studies for Boston—Comparison of results from 12 studies

Abstract The Boston redevelopment Authority (BRA), the Massachusetts Environmental Protection Agency (MEPA), and other regulatory agencies now require that the developer of each new large building or project in Boston assess the effect of the proposed project on pedestrian level winds in the vicinity of the project. However, examination of many of the resulting reports disclosed problems with the types of data presented, the criteria used to evaluate the data, and the repeatibility between results from different laboratories for the same conditions. As a result, the BRA has sponsored two programs at the Wright Brothers Facility (WBF) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to examine some of the reasons for these differences. This paper summarizes the results of the efforts to date.
Supravalvar aortic stenosis

Abstract New information suggests that a genetic defect for supravalvar aortic stenosis may be located in the same chromosomal subunit as elastin on chromosome 7. The two most common clinical presentations are patients with an autosomal dominant familial pedigree associated with normal facies and intelligence, and others with the nonfamilial Williams syndrome with abnormal facial appearance and mental retardation. Peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis often coexists with the supravalvar aortic obstruction in both of these patient groups. Transcatheter treatment of supravalvar aortic stenosis is not likely to be effective. With severe obstruction, surgical patch procedures are indicated if the aorta is not markedly hypoplastic. Newer operative patch procedures may improve long-term results.
Aggressive shooting behavior: How working memory and threat influence shoot decisions

Abstract Previous research on police officer shoot decisions has focused on the influence of situational factors that lead to shooting error. Focusing instead on the “shooter,” the present study examined whether WM capacity influenced participant shoot decisions in a simulated shooting task with varied threat level. Participants were 282 undergraduate students who completed a measure of operation span, viewed a police-relevant threatening or control video, and completed a computerized shooting task. Results indicated a significant negative association between operation span and the tendency to shoot at unarmed targets. Exposure to police-related threat did not influence shooting behavior. Results suggest that regardless of whether circumstances are threatening, individuals with limited WM capacity are at increased risk of aggressive shooting behavior.
The Effect of Different Quantities of Food During the Larval Period on the Sex Ratio and Size of Lucilia Sericata Meigen and Theobaldia Incidens (Thom.)

Larvae of the green bottle fly, Lucilia Sericata , were removed from food in lots of one hundred at six-hour intervals after feeding thirty hours, the longest feeding period being 96 hours. The size of resulting flies became in general increasingly larger as the feeding period was increased and the sex ratio was reversed from a large preponderance of males in the underfed to a preponderance of females in the longer feeding periods. Larvae of the mosquito, Theobaldia Incidens , were reared in lots of one hundred in distilled water to which yeast was added in quantities ranging from .5 gram to 5 grams. The resulting mosquitoes became in general increasingly larger as the quantity of yeast was increased and the sex ratio was reversed in a manner opposite to that of the green bottle fly.
Absence of normal-appearing proximal tubules in the fetal and neonatal kidney: prevalence and significance.

Abstract Rare fetuses and neonates with kidneys lacking normal-appearing proximal tubules have been described. In order to ascertain the prevalence of this histologic finding, and to study its associated clinicopathologic features, 500 consecutive perinatal autopsies (performed from 1981 to 1985) were reviewed. Kidneys lacking normal-appearing proximal tubules were found in six of 500 (1.2%) perinatal autopsies (one liveborn and five stillborn cases). The liveborn infant was one of a sibship with renal tubular dysgenesis. Four of the stillborn fetuses were derived from monochorionic twin gestations; the histologic abnormality was present in only one fetus from each twin pair. Three of the four twin pairs had pathologic features suggestive of twin-to-twin transfusion, with the renal abnormality present in the donor twin; renal hypoplasia existed in two instances. The fourth affected twin was a stillborn acardiac fetus with multiple congenital anomalies and unilateral renal agenesis. The fifth stillborn was a hydropic fetus with trisomy 21 and renal hypoplasia. In this series, lack of recognizable renal proximal tubules most often was not a manifestation of renal tubular dysgenesis. The histologic finding was associated with stillbirth, renal hypoplasia, and congenital anomalies, and was strongly associated with monochorionic twinning ( P = 0.001). In the stillborn cases in this series, we suggest that this finding may represent renal tubular degeneration resulting from renal hypoperfusion.
Evaluation of the Simulated Interannual and Subseasonal Variability in an AMIP-Style Simulation Using the CSU Multiscale Modeling Framework

Abstract The Colorado State University (CSU) Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF) is a new type of general circulation model (GCM) that replaces the conventional parameterizations of convection, clouds, and boundary layer with a cloud-resolving model (CRM) embedded into each grid column. The MMF has been used to perform a 19-yr-long Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project–style simulation using the 1985–2004 sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice distributions as prescribed boundary conditions. Particular focus has been given to the simulation of the interannual and subseasonal variability. The annual mean climatology is generally well simulated. Prominent biases include excessive precipitation associated with the Indian and Asian monsoon seasons, precipitation deficits west of the Maritime Continent and over Amazonia, shortwave cloud effect biases west of the subtropical continents due to insufficient stratocumulus clouds, and longwave cloud effect biases due to overestimation of high cloud amounts, ...
Effect of major ion variations in the marine environment on the specific gravity-conductivity-chlorinity-salinity relationship

Partial equivalent conductances and partial equivalent volumes of the major constituents in seawater were used to evaluate the specific gravity-conductivity-chlorinity-salinity relationships in the marine environment. For example, in the open ocean, the relationships between Cl‰ and both S‰ and specific gravity are valid to within 0.014‰ and 0.014 σt, respectively. The relationships between conductivity and S‰ and specific gravity are valid to within 0.006‰ and 0.007 σt. In river diluted nearshore areas specific gravity anomalies inferred from Cl‰, can be as great as 0.06 σt and 0.04 σt when inferred from a conductivity ratio measurement.
Grolar Bears, Social Class, and Policy Relevance: Extraordinary Agendas for the Emerging 21st Century.

This Agenda article first considers whether social psychology is in the best or worst of times and suggests that we are instead in extraordinary times, given exciting agendas and potential policy relevance, if we are careful. The article illustrates with two current research agendas—the hybrid vigor of multiple categories and the psychology of social class—that could inform policy. The essay then reflects on how we know when our work is indeed ready for the public arena. Regarding hybrids: world immigration, social media, and global businesses are increasing. How will this complicate people's stereotypes of each other? One agenda could build on the existing social and behavioral science of people as social hybrids, emerging with a framework to synthesize existing work and guide future research that better reflects our changing world. Policy implications already emerge from our current knowledge of hybrids. Regarding the social psychology of social class: We do not know enough yet to give advice, except to suggest questioning some common stereotypes, for example, about the economic behavior of lower-income people. Before the budding social psychology of class can be ready for policy export, the research results need replication, validation, and generality. Overall, principles of exportable policy insights include peer-reviewed standards, honest brokering, nonpartisan advice, and respectful, trustworthy communication. Social psychology can take advantage of its extraordinary times to be innovative and useful.
Agents in their midst: evaluating user adaptation to agent-assisted interfaces

This paper presents the results of introducing an agent into a real-world work situation - production of the online edition of a daily newspaper. Quantitative results show that agents helped users accomplish the task more rapidly without increasing user error and that users consistently underestimated the quality of their own performance. Qualitative results show that users accepted agents rapidly and that they unknowingly altered their working styles to adapt to the agent.
Induction of lysogenic bacteriophage and phage-associated toxin from group a streptococci during coculture with human pharyngeal cells.

We found that when group A streptococci are cocultured with human pharyngeal cells, they upregulate and secrete a 25-kDa toxin, determined to be the bacteriophage-encoded streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC). This prompted us to determine if the bacteriophage themselves are induced during coculture conditions. We found that bacteriophage induction does occur, resulting in the release of ∼10 5 phage particles during the 3-h coculture. Furthermore, we show that the bacteriophage induction event is mediated by a pharyngeal cell soluble factor for which we provide an initial characterization.
Velocity of a Freely Rising Gas Bubble in a Soda‐Lime Silicate Glass Melt

A comparison is conducted between measured velocities for the buoyant rise of single bubbles of varying size and composition, in a soda-lime silicate glass melt, with the steady state velocities predicted by the Stokes and Hadamard-Rybczynski formulas. In all cases, the data are noted to fit the Hadamard-Rybczynski expression for steady state rise speed considerably better than the Stokes formula.
(When) Race Matters: The Eect of Immigrant Race and Place on Support for Anti-Immigration Laws

Does racial threat motivate support for anti-immigration laws? I answer this question by manipulating the skin-tone and geographical proximity to American citizens of a ctional undocumented Mexican immigrant. I nd that when respondents are exposed to a non-Caucasian immigrant, support for anti-immigration laws increases relative to an otherwise identical Caucasian immigrant. These reactions to the immigrant’s skin-tone are observed only when respondents believe that the immigrant resides in their city and state, suggesting that geographical proximity triggers racial threat.
Radiation doses among blunt trauma patients: assessing risks and benefits of computed tomographic imaging.

s from emergency physicians who have presented or published in non-emergency medicine specialty meetings or journals within the past 12 months will be considered. Case reports or subject reviews are not considered original research. These abstracts will be accepted on a space available basis as non-moderated posters. If accepted the presenter is obligated to be available to discuss their poster(s) with Research Forum attendees. This is an excellent venue to showcase outstanding emergency medicine research from competing meetings or journals. Please submit your research absract(s) to the academic affairs department by September 7, 2007 at academicaffairs@acep.org, or by fax at 972-580-2816. Notifications will be sent by September 22, 2008. For questio please call 800-798-1822, ext. 3291. Volume , .  : August 
Evolution of the relative width of the head and alveolar surfaces in map turtles (Testudines: Emydidae: Graptemys)

Replicate adaptive radiations are dichotomous morphological patterns related to resource use and repeated in a series of isolated habitats. Biologists have long noted a dichotomy in relative head width and alveolar width among species of map turtles (Graptemys), particularly with regard to adult females, which are much larger dian adult males in all 12 species. I measured plastron length (PL), head width (HW), and alveolar width (AW) of nearly 2300 specimens representing the 12 recognized species, and used allometric regressions to investigate this genus as an example of both sexual dimorphism in trophic morphology and replicate adaptive radiation. Sexual dimorphism was noted in HW after correction for PL, with females having wider heads than males of similar body sizes, but AW as corrected for HW was not dimorphic, thus absolute differences in AW are the simple result of differences in HW. Sexual differences in HW probably relate to the dimorphic niches of Graptemys, as females of three species have been reported to occupy deeper water further from shore than conspecific males. Based on predicted HW at maximum PL in adult females, species were categorized as mega-, meso-, or microcephalic. Differences in relative head width are related to differences in degree of molluscivory, with little molluscivory in microcephalic females, moderate to high molluscivory in mesocephalic females, and high molluscivory in megacephalic females. Distributions of Graptemys species in sympatry and allopatry reveal patterns consistent with structuring of distributions via competitive interactions. Superimposing data on relative HW on a phylogeny of the genus suggests there may have been one or two episodes of character displacement, widi subsequent character assortment, in Graptemys evolution. This conclusion is similar to the current model for the evolution of body size during the radation of Anolis lizards in the northern Lesser Antilles.
Reformation on the Continent: Approaches Old and New

Much has changed in Reformation historiography over the last two decades. Long established temporal and geographical frameworks have been thoroughly revised and reappraised. If theology, politics, social movements, and economic trends were once treated as discreet areas of study, nowadays scholars in the field are much more appreciative of how these themes inform each other. This review essay appraises a selection of works that are indicative of the richness and variety that characterizes Reformation and Counter-Reformation scholarship today.
Probing the Mechanism of High Capacitance in 2D Titanium Carbide Using In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

The field of supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors) is constantly evolving. The global motivation is to create devices that possess a significant energy density without compromising the power density. To achieve this goal, new materials must be discovered and complex electrode architectures developed.
Obtaining high-performance time-domain characteristics from calculated S-parameters for various electronic package and interconnection structures

Previous efforts by our group have focused on frequency domain analysis of various packaging structures and on the generation of equivalent circuits for use by circuit designers. Other articles have also presented frequency-domain or time-domain results such as pulse degradation for various IC structures. This paper attempts to tie the two together by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate the frequency dependent S-parameters as well as the time-domain pulse propagation characteristics of various packaging structures to develop guidelines that may help circuit designers predict limits of packaged ICs. Some general guidelines are presented to relate information from S-parameters to the type of pulses that can be transmitted through/to the ICs with minimal distortion and coupled noise. For example, it is shown that for crosstalk, the frequency at which a coupled signal rises to -10 dB is proportional to the reciprocal of the rise time of the digital pulse. Furthermore, for transmission, the frequency at which the insertion loss has dropped to -3 dB is proportional to the reciprocal of the total pulse length. Examples of this relationship are demonstrated for a microstrip via and a crossover, among others.
A Step Closer to Personalized Chemotherapy: Consideration of the Influence of Genetic Variation in Hepatic Uptake Transporters on the Metabolism of CYP3A Substrates

Understanding the metabolic, transporter, and genetic influences on the disposition of drugs used in chemotherapy is critical to individualization of drug therapy. Recognition of the importance of transporter-enzyme interplay, in which genetic variants of drug uptake transporters can change drug metabolism when the enzymes are unchanged, is an important advance in predicting appropriate drug dosage regimens for the individual patient.
La escritura de la organización social y la situación alfabetizada de la cognición: Extendiendo las implicaciones sociales de la escritura de Jack Goody

Resumen: La lectura y la escritura implican procesos profundamente sociales y psicolo-gicos que conectan los pensamientos, las percepciones, las experiencias y los proyectos de la gente con colectividades mas amplias de accion y creencias organizadas. El traba-jo pionero de Jack Goody acerca de las consecuencias de la lectura y la escritura gatillo investigaciones de cambios tanto sociales como psicologicos que fueron consecuencia de la introduccion y del desarrollo de la lectura y la escritura durante los ultimos cinco anos. Los conceptos de ‘genero’ y ‘sistema de actividad’ son utiles para, ampliando el planteamiento inicial de Goody, proporcionar mecanismos para el desarrollo historico y social, y la diferenciacion de practicas de lectura y de escritura, con consecuencias para los tipos de situaciones organizadas que compartimos, acerca de las cuales pen-samos y entregamos nuestra cooperacion, como tambien para las clases de situaciones y actividades organizadas dentro de las cuales realizamos lo anterior. Estos procesos generan informacion, conocimiento y pensamiento compartido. Este ensayo examina estas perspectivas teoricas hacia la construccion social del ambiente simbolico cons-truido en el contexto de la historia reciente y en el de las investigaciones sociales.Palabras Clave: Consecuencias de la alfabetizacion, organizacion social, cognicion, generos, sistemas de actividad, intertextualidad.
Activity, Passivity, and Normative Avowal

The idea that agents can be active with respect to some of their actions, and passive with respect to others, is a widely held assumption within moral philosophy. But exactly how to characterize these notions is controversial. I argue that an agent is active just in case (A) her action is one whose motive she can truly avow as reason-giving, or (B) her action is one whose motive she can disavow, provided her disavowal effects appropriate modifications in her future motives. This view maintains a link between activity, reason-responsiveness, and answerability, while avoiding commitments to an implausible theory of motivation.
One-to-one marketing on the internet

The Internet provides unprecedented ability for marketers to learn about their customers and offer custom products at special prices. The technology, marketing and economics of using the Internet for one-to-one marketing is examined. We find that, under very genera l conditions, a seller can make higher profits by adopting a "mixed" strategy of serving conventional segments with standardized products at a uniform price and serving the direct marketing segment with customized products at differentiated prices. Surprisingly, the seller can raise its prices for both standard and customized products as customization and information collection technologies improve. The seller’s best response to reduction in technology costs is to increase its customization effort at the expense of its standard products.
Commentary on Savell et al. (2016): Alcohol producers as problem inducers.

Keywords: Alcohol; corporate social responsibility; inducers; industry; marketing; policy; producers
Differential Effects of Iron and Chlorophyll in the Control of Membrane Synthesis in Anacystis Nidulans

Iron deficiency represents a special case in cyanobacterial nutrition. Even though N- and P-starvation also cause loss of chl, Fe-chlorosis is accompanied by a shift in the peak position of chl absorption [1]. This difference in chl microenvironment can be documented by chl fluorescence as well [2,3], Pakrasi et al [3] suggested that a protein at 36 kDa, which accumulated in iron stressed cells, was a chl-binding protein. The implication of these studies was that Fe-nutrition influences the composition of chl and chl-binding proteins in the cyanobacterial membrane.
Abstract 335: Practice Pattern Differences in the Early Treatment of Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients: Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction

Introduction: Approximately half of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) have a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), for which there are few known treatments that improve clinical outcomes. We sought to examine initial clinical management in a large national cohort of patients with HFpEF compared to those with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: We identified patients aged ≥18 years admitted with AHF between January 2009 and June 2012 to hospitals that participate in the PREMIER, Inc. data warehouse. Patients with ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes consistent with HFpEF (428.30-428.33) and HFrEF (428.20-428.23) were included. Early treatments were defined as treatments on hospital day 0, 1 or 2. Results: We identified 52,913 patients with HFpEF and 65,502 patients with HFrEF at 427 hospitals (Table 1). HFpEF patients were more likely to be older, female with greater burden of comorbid disease. Diuretic use was similar, but patients with HFpEF were less likely to receive beta-blockers (68.8% vs. 76.6%, p-value < 0.0001), ACE-inhibitors (37.6% vs. 48.0%, p-value < 0.0001), vasodilators (7.4% vs. 8.1%, p-value < 0.0001), inotropes (2.1% vs. 7.0%, p-value < 0.0001) and were more likely to receive early non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (17.5% vs. 12.3% p-value < 0.0001) and early invasive mechanical ventilation (7.6% vs. 6.5% p-value < 0.0001). Covariate adjusted mean length of stay and in-hospital mortality were higher for HFrEF patients. Conclusions: In a large national cohort of patients hospitalized with AHF, there were several differences in the demographics, early treatment strategies and outcomes for HFpEF patients compared with HFrEF patients. Further work is needed to identify variation in the use of these treatments across hospitals and association with outcomes. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Digital and Conventional Dental Photography: A Practical Clinical Manual

Irfan Ahmad, B.D.S. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing Co., 2004. 234 pp. Illus. (color), indexed. $86.00 paperback ISBN 0-86715-436-5 As stated in the Preface, “This book is intended to be a practical, accessible, and readily usable manual for daily clinical and laboratory dental
Paediatric epilepsy surgery: making the best of a tough situation.

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Temporal lobe surgery in childhood and neuroanatomical predictors of long-term declarative memory outcome’ by Skirrow et al. (10.1093/brain/awu313).
Buprenorphine Ingestion in a 23-Month-Old Boy

Case: A previously healthy 23-month-old 12.6-kg boy presented to an outside community emergency department with vomiting and respiratory depression after a single episode of red-orange emesis that looked and smelled like his mother’s buprenorphine/naloxone tablets (8 mg/2 mg formulation). She reported slowed respirations, small pupils, and somnolence, but she denied witnessing any ingestion; therefore, the amount ingested and the time of ingestion remained unknown. At presentation to the emergency department, the patient’s respiratory rate was 14 per minute, with an oxygen saturation of 93% on room air; pupils were miotic, and the patient was described as lethargic. He was treated with 0.4 mg (0.03 mg/kg) of intravenous naloxone initially, without documented improvement in arousal or respiratory status. A second dose of naloxone 0.4 mg was administered intravenously immediately after the first dose. This second dose of naloxone resulted in arousal with crying and a respiratory rate of 18 per minute. At this time he was given 1 g/kg activated charcoal with sorbitol orally. A third dose of naloxone 0.4 mg was administered 20 minutes after the second dose, and at that time a naloxone infusion was initiated at 0.06 mg/hr. Approximately 15 minutes after initiation of the infusion he experienced recurrence of somnolence and bradypnea, and the naloxone infusion was increased to 0.2 mg/hr (0.015 mg/kg) with improvement. The patient was then transferred to the PICU. Question: Why can it be more concerning to find buprenorphine pill fragments in the mouth than to have a known ingestion in which pills are swallowed? Discussion: Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic opioid available in commercial form in the United States as a single tablet, a combination pill with naloxone, an injectable solution, a sublingual film with naloxone, and a topical patch. Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone) is a lemon-lime flavored, orange-colored tablet. Buprenorphine is a partial μ …
Emerging from the Stress Shadow of the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers Southern California Earthquake? A Preliminary Assessment

Numerous felt earthquakes have occurred in southern California in 2001. The most prominent sequences have been near Big Bear, in the Coso region in eastern California, in the northern Los Angeles basin, and along the San Jacinto Fault (Figure 1). These main shocks have been followed by productive aftershock sequences and in some cases by enhanced microseismicity in adjacent regions, which were recorded by the Caltech-USGS TriNet (Hauksson et al. , 2001). These sequences thus raise the possibility that background seismicity has increased regionally, as has happened in the past. The late 1980's and early 1990's were a particularly active time in southern California, with numerous earthquake sequences. The ML 5.9 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake (Hauksson et al. , 1988), the ML 4.9 1988 Pasadena earthquake (Jones et al. , 1990), the 1988 and 1990 Upland earthquakes (Hauksson and Jones, 1991), the ML 5.8 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake (Hauksson, 1994), and the Mw 6.7 Northridge earthquake (Scientists, USGS and SCEC, 1994) occurred in the Los Angeles basin. To the east, the Mw 6.0 1986 North Palm Springs, MS 6.6 1987 Superstition Hills (Magistrale et al. , 1989), and the 1992 Mw 6.1, Mw 7.3, and Mw 6.5 Joshua Tree, Landers, and Big Bear earthquakes occurred adjacent to the San Andreas system and within the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) (Sieh et al. , 1993). Following the 1992 Landers earthquake, seismic activity throughout southern California appeared to drop off dramatically. To quantify the change in seismicity rate, Jones and Hauksson (1997) analyzed the rate of seismicity from 1945 to 1997. They showed that there were periods of high activity, with 90–100 events/yr of M ≥ 3 from 1945–1952 and 1969–1992, and periods of low activity, with 60–70 events/yr of M ≥ …
Mitochondrial Calcium and Bioenergetics Controlled by Tight Coordination of MCU and NCLX

Mitochondrial Ca2+ is regulated by Ca2+ transport proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Among these are the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a Ca2+ channel responsible for most Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria, and NCLX, a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, mediating Ca2+ release to the cytosol. After more than five decades of intensive study, the MCU gene was finally cloned in 2010. Strikingly, MCU-KO mouse, whose mitochondria lose >90% Ca2+ uptake capacity, was born normally with very mild phenotype and only slight reduction of mitochondrial Ca2+. How does the animal maintain normal physiology without MCU, which is highly conserved and tightly regulated in most eukaryotes?To address this issue, we use an MCU-KO HEK293T line as our model system. Consistent with animal experiments, these cells have normal mitochondrial morphology, matrix [Ca2+], and ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Interestingly, we observed a slow Ca2+ uptake in MCU-KO mitochondria, operating at 5-10% of the MCU capacity, resistant to a potent MCU inhibitor Ru360. Furthermore, these mitochondria lose Na+-dependent Ca2+ release, due to decreased expression of the NCLX protein. We therefore propose that mitochondria compensate the loss of MCU by invoking a backup Ca2+ uptake mechanism, and by suppressing Ca2+ release. Supporting this hypothesis, we show that expressing NCLX in MCU-free mitochondria drastically reduces matrix [Ca2+], and abolishes >80% ATP output. Moreover, overexpression of WT-NCLX, but not a loss-of-function mutant S468A-NCLX, induces rapid death of MCU-KO cells.We’re now investigating how mitochondria invoke these compensatory mechanisms. Na+/Ca2+ exchange can be restored by introducing human MCU gene into MCU-KO cells, but not by expressing transport-capable MCU homologues from A. thaliana or D. Discoideum, implicating that mitochondria might balance Ca2+ uptake and release through an MCU-NCLX interaction that stabilizes inner-membrane expression of NCLX.
Epidemic Characteristics of Hepatitis B in Qinhuangdao City from 2005 to 2009

[Objective]To understand the incidence and distribution of hepatitis B in Qinhuangdao City,to grasp its epidemic law,and provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control measures.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was adopted to statistically analyze the case data from communicable diseases report system in Qinhuangdao City from 2005-2009.[Results]In recent 5 years,the reported incidence of hepatitis B fluctuated from 20.14/100 000～39.71/100 000,with annual incidence of 27.48/100 000.Adolescents and young adults aged 20 to 50 were the population with high-risk,occupying 79.43% of total cases.Male cases were more than female cases.Cases distributed in every county and district.Most patients were peasants(53.85%),followed by workers(13.36%).[Conclusion]The main measure to prevent Hepatitis B was inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine.Universal vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine among youths and adult is important measure to control hepatitis B.
Angiotensin II receptors-antagonists, molecular biology, and signal transduction.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in both the short-term and long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte balance. The RAAS is a dual hormone system, serving as both a circulating and a local tissue hormone system (i.e., local mediator) as well as neurotransmitter or neuromediator functions in CNS. Control of blood pressure by the RAAS is exerted through multiple actions of angiotensin II, a small peptide which is a potent vasoconstrictor hormone implicated in the genesis and maintenance of hypertension. Hypertension is a primary risk factor associated with cardiovascular, cerebral and renal vascular disease. One of the approaches to the treatment of hypertension, which may be considered as a major scientific advancement, involves the use of drugs affecting the RAAS. Pharmacological interruption of the RAAS was initially employed in the late 1970s with the advent of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril. ACE inhibitors have since gained widespread use in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and diabetic nephropathy. As the roles of the RAAS in the pathophysiology of several diseases was explored, so did the realization of the importance of inhibiting the actions of angiotensin II. Although ACE inhibitors are well tolerated, they are also involved in the activation of bradykinin, enkephalins, and other biologically active peptides. These actions result in adverse effects such as cough, increased bronchial reactivity, and angioedema. Thus, the goal of achieving a more specific blockade of the effects of angiotensin II than is possible with ACE inhibition. The introduction of the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan in 1995 marked the achievement of this objective and has opened new vistas in understanding and controlling the additional biological effects of angiotensin II. Complementary investigations into the cloning and sequencing of angiotensin II receptors have demonstrated the existence of a family of angiotensin II receptor subtypes. Two major types of angiotensin II receptors have been identified in humans. The type 1 receptor (AT1) mediates most known effects of angiotensin II. The type 2 receptor (AT2), for which no precise function was known in the past, has gained importance recently and new mechanisms of intracellular signalling have been proposed. This review presents recent advances in angiotensin II receptor pharmacology, molecular biology, and signal transduction, with particular reference to the AT1 receptor. Excellent reviews have appeared recently on this subject.
Breeding Guild Determines Frog Distributions in Response to Edge Effects and Habitat Conversion in the Brazil's Atlantic Forest.

Understanding the response of species with differing life-history traits to habitat edges and habitat conversion helps predict their likelihood of persistence across changing landscape. In Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, we evaluated frog richness and abundance by breeding guild at four distances from the edge of a reserve: i) 200 m inside the forest, ii) 50 m inside the forest, iii) at the forest edge, and iv) 50 m inside three different converted habitats (coffee plantation, non-native Eucalyptus plantation, and abandoned pastures, hereafter matrix types). By sampling a dry and a wet season, we recorded 622 individual frogs representing 29 species, of which three were undescribed. Breeding guild (i.e. bromeliad, leaf-litter, and water-body breeders) was the most important variable explaining frog distributions in relation to edge effects and matrix types. Leaf-litter and bromeliad breeders decreased in richness and abundance from the forest interior toward the matrix habitats. Water-body breeders increased in richness toward the matrix and remained relatively stable in abundance across distances. Number of large trees (i.e. DBH > 15 cm) and bromeliads best explained frog richness and abundance across distances. Twenty species found in the interior of the forest were not found in any matrix habitat. Richness and abundance across breeding guilds were higher in the rainy season but frog distributions were similar across the four distances in the two seasons. Across matrix types, leaf-litter species primarily used Eucalyptus plantations, whereas water-body species primarily used coffee plantations. Bromeliad breeders were not found inside any matrix habitat. Our study highlights the importance of primary forest for bromeliad and leaf-litter breeders. We propose that water-body breeders use edge and matrix habitats to reach breeding habitats along the valleys. Including life-history characteristics, such as breeding guild, can improve predictions of frog distributions in response to edge effect and matrix types, and can guide more effective management and conservation actions.
The Material World of Ancient Egypt: Study of the Material World of Ancient Egypt

This glimpse into the old world teaches us much.... The progress of civilization, the inventions of mankind have changed but little. Adolf Erman The study of ancient Egypt and ancient Egyptian culture has most often concentrated on the language, history, religion, and prominent monuments. Certainly attention has been paid to the activities of the Egyptians and the objects and processes that made them possible, but not to the same degree. With some rare exceptions archaeologists and historians did not always treat the ordinary tools and utensils with the consideration they deserved. To properly understand the material world in which the Egyptians lived and worked, the emphasis has to be redirected to a certain extent to remedy this. Still, there are bits and pieces of information embedded in histories and narratives that bear reexamination. It is only natural that those things that made the ancient Egyptians seem different or unusual should command the most attention – pyramids and mummies being the most familiar examples. From the Greek and Roman authors and travelers to the present day, the emphasis, when examining and discussing Egypt, has been to a great extent on the spectacular, the unusual, and the mysterious. Herodotus, writing in the fifth century BCE, went to lengths to describe the country, its geography, and its history as he understood it. He also concerned himself with Egyptian religion and the gods and how they related to the customs and beliefs of the Greeks, but when he came to a discussion of activities and customs, he stressed differences, in part to emphasize some similarities.
Case study – how a business school blog can build stakeholder relationships and create added value in an MBA marketing program

AbstractInnovation, market orientation, and creative collaboration allow the smartest – not necessarily the biggest – organizations to win in the marketplace. This approach to competitive strategy is applicable in a wide variety of market contexts including business, information, and professional services. In this case study, we explain how one business school delivered enhanced value for its two primary target markets – MBA students and the business community. This was accomplished by designing a strategic communication tool (a faculty blog) to gain a competitive edge in the crowded graduate business education market in South Florida. We clearly demonstrate that organizations can create and add value by activating and implementing corporate entrepreneurial processes, programs, and activities as part of their strategic and competitive marketing efforts. This can be in the form of customer relationship management-oriented blogs or other initiatives. Engaging current and prospective customers and stakeholde...
Following Your “Friend”: Social Media and the Strength of Adolescents' Parasocial Relationships with Media Personae

Abstract Social media have permeated the lives of adolescents and may be altering the way that teens engage with their favorite media celebrities and characters. This study surveyed 316 adolescents to examine the relationship between social media surveillance and the strength of adolescents' parasocial relationships (PSRs) with media personae they follow on social media. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between exposure to media personae on Twitter and strength of PSRs. Adolescents who had experienced social interactions with their favorite media personae on Twitter in the form of retweets or responses to tweets had stronger PSRs than adolescents who had no such interactions. The realism of the media personae did not moderate findings as expected. The findings suggest that Twitter provides intimate glimpses into the personal lives of media personae that increase audiences' feelings of connectedness to those celebrities and characters, an important finding given that teens are more lik...
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Aquareovirus That Infects the Endangered Fountain Darter, Etheostoma fonticola

ABSTRACT Here, we report the complete genome of a novel aquareovirus isolated from clinically normal fountain darters, Etheostoma fonticola, inhabiting the San Marcos River, Texas, USA. The complete genome consists of 23,958 bp consisting of 11 segments that range from 783 bp (S11) to 3,866 bp (S1).
Coronary artery calcium may stabilize following islet cell transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Islet cell transplantation can functionally cure type 1 diabetes, and also improve carotid-intima media thickness. This study provides a preliminary description of changes in coronary artery calcium following islet transplantation, and associated factors. Coronary artery calcium was measured in 14 patients with type 1 diabetes (11 had measures both pre- and post-transplant [mean 2.3 years]) in the University of Illinois at Chicago's clinical trial. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression of repeated measures was used to quantify calcium change, and determine if this change was longitudinally associated with risk/protective factors. Thirteen of the patients were female, with mean baseline age, diabetes duration, and BMI of 47.6 and 28.7 years and 23.1, respectively. Over half (57%) had detectable coronary artery calcium pre-transplant. Minimal change (0.39 mm3/year, p=0.02) occurred in coronary artery calcium levels pre- to post-transplant. No patient met criteria for calcium progression. Coronary artery calcium was positively associated with total and small VLDL particles (p≤0.02), statin dose (p=0.02), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p=0.04); and negatively associated with free fatty acids (p=0.03), total HDL (p=0.03), large HDL particles (p=0.005), and tacrolimus dose (p=0.02). Islet transplant may stabilize coronary artery calcium, with optimal management of lipids and kidney function remaining key therapeutic targets. [NCT00679041] This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.