cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin inhibits cell motility by suppression of mTOR-mediated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 pathways

Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibits tumor cell motility. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that rapamycin inhibited type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I)-stimulated motility of a panel of cell lines. Expression of a rapamycin-resistant mutant of mTOR (mTORrr) prevented rapamycin inhibition of cell motility. However, cells expressing a kinase-dead mTORrr remained sensitive to rapamycin. Downregulation of raptor or rictor by RNA interference (RNAi) decreased cell motility. However, only downregulation of raptor mimicked the effect of rapamycin, inhibiting phosphorylation of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-BP1. Cells infected with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active and rapamycin-resistant mutant of p70 S6K1, but not with an adenovirus expressing wild-type S6K1, or a control virus, conferred to resistance to rapamycin. Further, IGF-I failed to stimulate motility of the cells, in which S6K1 was downregulated by RNAi. Moreover, downregulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) by RNAi-attenuated rapamycin inhibition of cell motility. In contrast, expression of constitutively active 4E-BP1 dramatically inhibited IGF-I-stimulated cell motility. The results indicate that both S6K1 and 4E-BP1 pathways, regulated by TORC1, are required for cell motility. Rapamycin inhibits IGF-I-stimulated cell motility, through suppression of both S6K1 and 4E-BP1/eIF4E-signaling pathways, as a consequence of inhibition of mTOR kinase activity.
Application of the sampling theorem to boundary value problems

The generalized sampling theorem is used to facilitate the solution of a conjugated boundary value problem of the Graetz type. The analysis is applied to determine the effects of axial conduction on the temperature field in a fluid in laminar flow in a tube. This represents the first application of the sampling theorem outside of the area of communications theory.
An enzyme system in rat brain nuclei incorporating AMP into polyadenylate.

— The presence of an ATP polymerizing system has been demonstrated in rat brain nuclei. The enzymic activity was not dependent on DNA, and poly A itself primed the incorporation of AMP into polyadenylate. Poly U did not prime the incorporation of AMP. The incorporation obtained in the presence of ribosomal RNA from rat brain as primer was mainly attributable to terminal attachment of AMP. Actinomycin and inorganic ortho-phosphate had no effect on the enzymic activity, however, inorganic pyrophosphate, ammonium sulphate and nucleoside triphosphates (GTP, CTP and UTP) were inhibitory. The same nuclear extract of brain, used for the synthetic reaction producing poly A, also degraded the polynucleotide to yield adenosine mono, di and triphosphates.
The effects of economic freedom, regulatory quality and taxation on the level of per capita real income: a preliminary analysis for OECD nations and non-G8 OECD nations

This study of the impact of economic freedom, regulatory quality and the relative burden of taxation on the level of per capita real income/GDP among OECD nations over the period 2003 to 2007 adopts a modified version of the overall economic freedom index computed by the Heritage Foundation (2013), one with the fiscal freedom and business freedom indices removed. This study then provides panel least squares fixed-effects estimates for five linear specifications/models. Each nation during this time frame can be regarded either as a nation per se or as a de facto ‘economic region’ within the OECD. The analysis first focuses upon all of the OECD nations and then, as a robustness test, subsequently focuses only on non-G8 OECD member nations. The estimations in this study all provide strong empirical support for the three central hypotheses proffered here, namely: (1) the higher the overall degree of economic freedom, the higher the per capita real income (GDP) level; (2) the higher the level of regulatory qua...
Methods for stereospecific synthesis of cis or trans hydrindanones

Abstract Methods are described for the stereospecific conversion of hydrindenone 3 either to the corresponding trans fused or cis fused hydrindanone (1 or 2, respectively.)
Trajectories of drug use frequency after substance abuse treatment among a sample of homeless youth

Aims: This study examines the lives of women in substance abuse treatment by exploring the stigmas they perceive as they reintegrate into their communities Methods: Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted over 9 months with 34 women in treatment. Data was collected and analyzed using a grounded theory approach of comparing emergent themes to develop theoretical conceptualizations. NVivowasused for initial, and theoretical codingprocesses in order to analyze women’s stigma and coping mechanisms. Results: Study participants perceived stigmas from family and intimate partners based on views of the permanence of the “addict identity”. Moreover, stigmas were undergirded by norms of proper womanhood violated bywomen’s experiences with addiction, survival sex, mothering and incarceration. Additionally, the Latina and Caucasian sample population reported perceptions of stigma embedded in racialized stereotypes of proper behavior for their ethnic community. Moreover, women also perceived stigma from treatment peers also managing psychological threats. As a result study participants employed strategies to reduce stigma and preserve their burgeoning identities. Conclusions: This study increases knowledge available to social justice researchers and advocates working with women managing stigmas. It gives insights into how stigmas shape processes of support seeking and community reintegration. Research findings can also inform programming for their families who are also managing anger, loss and stigma. This study has implications for both trauma andstigma informed initiatives that respond to theneedsofwomen and families with complex illness-related struggles. Financial support: I do not have any financial support to participate in the CPDD conference.
Free volume changes in epoxy adhesives during physical ageing : fluorescence spectroscopy and mechanical stress relaxation

Abstract Fluorescence probes dispersed randomly in fully-cured adhesives were used to follow changes in the matrix free volume during physical ageing in the glassy state. Upon isothermal annealing, following a quench from the equilibrium melt, the emission intensity shows a time-dependent increase, interpreted as due to the relaxation of matrix free volume. The change in fluorescence intensity with ageing time is compared with the increase in the ageing shift factor for momentary stress relaxation. These properties are found to be qualitatively self-consistent using theoretical arguments based on free volume concepts.
An assessment of the methemoglobin and Heinz-body-inducing capacity of pentachloronitrobenzene in the cat.

Abstract All studies utilized technical grade pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) dissolved in corn oil which was administered orally to adult cats. Methemoglobin concentrations were significantly elevated from a preadministration concentration of 1 to 11, 10, and 7% 24, 48, and 72 hr, respectively, following 1600 mg/kg of PCNB. There was approximately an eightfold increase in the number of circulating erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies, so that by 72 hr 52% of those erythrocytes observed contained at least one Heinz body. The intravenous administration of methylene blue (2 mg/kg) 48 hr after PCNB (1600 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in methemoglobin concentrations from 14 to 4% in 1 hr. Increasing the dose of PCNB to 2400 mg/kg failed to produce a significant increase in methemoglobin concentrations or Heinz body formation from preadministration concentrations. This was presumably due to erratic absorption by the gut, caused by the cathartic effect of the large volume of corn oil vehicle required. Whereas PCNB does not appear to be as potent as sodium nitrite in generating methemoglobinemia, the duration of action is markedly longer [less than 24 hr for sodium nitrite (30 mg/kg) and greater than 72 hr with 1600 mg/kg PCNB]. The methemoglobinemia which is produced is reversed by methylene blue.
Cement Placement Optimization in Femoral Augmentation Using an Evolutionary Algorithm

We used the method of Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) to optimize the cement placement in finite element (FE) models of osteoporotic femur specimens. Two different initial conditions, i.e. no initial cement and fully cemented, were used and both converged to the same optimal cement pattern. On average, BESO predicted that, if optimized, augmentation with only 18.6ml of cement will result in 100% increase in the yield load of the models. Simulations also showed a linear relationship between the volume of the cement and the models’ stiffness and yield load. Models initially filled with cement had a much more uniform stress distribution among the cemented elements when optimized, compared to the starting configuration. Results suggest that restoring the mechanical properties of osteoporotic femurs is possible with minimal and, therefore, potentially safe volumes of cement.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A case of linear IgA disease presenting initially with IgG immune deposits

We describe a case of linear IgA bullous disease initially presenting with histopathologic and immunofluorescent findings consistent with bullous pemphigoid. Initial immunofluorescent studies demonstrated a predominance of linear IgG at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of perilesional skin and a low titer circulating IgG anti-BMZ antibody. Repeat studies 3 years later revealed a predominance of linear IgA immune deposits at the BMZ and no circulating anti-BMZ antibody. Dapsone therapy was initiated at this time with a good therapeutic response noted. Suction blister studies, immunoelectron microscopy, split skin immunofluorescent studies and Western immune blot were performed and provided indirect evidence that the BMZ antigen in this case is distinct from the bullous pemphigoid antigen component of the BMZ.
Managing product families: The case of the Sony Walkman

Abstract Success in fast cycle industries (e.g. consumer electronics) can depend both on rapid model replacement and on model longevity. Although Sony was as fast as any of its chief competitors in getting new models to market, an important explanation for the wide variety of models offered by the firm is the greater longevity of its key models. This finding adds an important insight to the conventional literature on time-based competition which emphasizes rapid innovation exclusively. Sony's special understanding of the US market enabled it to respond more effectively to life style differences by locating industrial designers in its key markets. Sony's strong design capability and effective division of labor (engineers lead generational and incremental projects, industrial designers and market personnel lead topological projects) allow for parallel model development. Investment in manufacturing flexibility amortized over multiple models within the product family make the rapid model changeover possible.
On the recursion-theoretic complexity of relative succinctness of representations of languages

In Hartmanis (1980) a simple proof is given of the fact (originally proved in Valiant (1976)) that the relative succinctness of representing deterministic context-free languages by deterministic vs. nondeterministic pushdown automata is not recursively bounded, in the following sense: there is no recursive function which, for deterministic context-free languages L, can bound the size of the minimal deterministic pushdown automaton accepting L as a function of the size of a nondeterministic pushdown automaton accepting L. It is then stated that "...even if we would know (or be given) which pushdown automata describe deterministic languages, we still could not effectively write down the corresponding deterministic pushdown automata because of their enormous size which grows nonrecursively in the size of the nondeterministic pushdown automata." This does not, however, rule out a priori the possibility that a partial recursive bound might exist, as a function of the description of the nondeterministic pushdown automaton rather than of its size; indeed, the proof in Hartmanis (1980) uses the fact that the bounding function is total. It is the purpose of this note to make a case for using partial bounding functions in questions of relative succinctness. It will be shown that for the examples considered in Hartmanis (1980) (deterministic context-free languages, unambiguous languages, regular languages), the best possible partial bound as a function of the description of the unrestricted automata, while still nonrecursive, has lower recursiontheoretic complexity than the best possible bound as a functions of the size of the unrestricted automata. An example wi l l be given of a class of languages for which there exists a partial recursive bound on the size of the restricted automata, again as a function of the description of the unrestricted automata, while no (total) recursive bound exists as a function of the size of the unrestricted automata.
Approximate factorization schemes for three-dimensional nonlinear supersonic potential flow

The nonconservative finite difference analog of the three-dimensional full-potential equation is solved implicitly by marching in a radial coordinate system with the marching initiated by a conical flow at the apex. The crossflow is a mixed type and transonic type-dependent differencing is used to determine each spherical plane solution. Two types of approximate factorizations are studied, the AFl or ADI and the AF2 factorization. In the AF2 factorization, one of the second derivatives is split between the two factors. The type of AFl factorization that was found to work for the conical problem was also found to be more sensitive to the coordinate transformations and strong shocks than the AFl scheme. Both schemes were found to require some form of temporal damping for stability for the multishock conical flow problem. The AFl factorization was then extended to include three-dimensional flows with the bow shock fit by explicitly including the hyperbolic third-dimension terms. The AFl factorization was shown to improve the convergence rate markedly for most cases.
Actinide 5f Systems: Experimental Determination of the Magnetic Response Function

The advent ten years ago of neutron spectroscopy to identify excited crystal-field (cf) states in lanthanide type materials has greatly added to our understanding of the microscopic interactions in these compounds.1,2 For example, once the cf scheme is known, one can calculate the magnetization at any field and temperature, compare with experiment, and thus derive exchange terms.3 If the material orders then the easy axis, details of the spin-wave spectrum, and value of the ordered moment all depend on the cf terms.4 Indeed, the very presence or absence of magnetic order may depend on whether or not a singlet is the ground state.5 Despite the difficulty of calculating the cf potential from first principles, its measurement represents a necessary step forward in describing a material. In this respect, one may say it is as necessary as knowing the lattice parameter. In the study of actinide compounds the first step therefore was to determine the cf states.
p-adic dynamical systems

Abstract We extend both the classical and quantum mechanics of a harmonic oscillator to cases where the phase space variables are valued in a field F other than the field R of real numbers. Specifically for each prime number p, we consider the cases F = F p , the Galois field with p elements, and more interestingly F = Q p the field of p-adic numbers. The classical mechanics is straightforward in a discrete time setting. By contrast, the quantum mechanics is quite a bit richer. We construct explicit and necessarily complex-valued quantum amplitudes. The known additive characters on F p and Q p play a central role in transmuting the additivity of the classical action into the expected multiplicative properties of the quantum amplitudes. We touch upon further generalizations to other algebraic (“keplerian”) dynamical systems and upon phenomenological possibilities. In particular, we propose a p-adic string with complex quantum amplitudes.
USER‐COMPUTING SYSTEM INTERACTION IN A TIME‐SHARING NETWORK

The last decade has witnessed a growing concern among computer scientists to understand the complex interactions between humans and computer hardware. The work described in this paper is an experimental study of a user‐computer interaction on a time‐sharing computer terminal network over a period of 1 year. The user‐system interaction described in this paper refers to a university environment. The user‐system performance variables considered are arrival patterns of jobs, inter‐arrival time, connect time, cpu time and think time. The users of the systems are grouped into on‐ and off‐campus users; a two‐way analysis of variance without replications established that arrival volume depended upon the weekday but not upon the user group. The pattern of arrivals throughout one day required an empirical distribution. Coefficient of variation indicated hyper‐exponential distributions for inter‐arrival time, connect time and cpu time, but an exponential distribution for think time. Furthermore, the experimental research described in this paper supports the fact that a hypothesis to characterize the interaction between the user and the computing system can be developed for an efficient use of the system.
Preliminary Studies in the System UC—PuC

Plutonium monocarbide, uranium monocarbide, and 20 wt% plutonium-80 wt% uranium monocarbide solid solution were prepared by reacting the respective oxides with carbon. Data are given on the densification, vaporization, chemical analyses, and x-ray diffraction of the materials. Photomicrographs of microstructures are also pre sented. (auth)
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Surface-Active Photoinitiator for Microemulsion Polymerization

The first water-soluble perester that can serve as a surface-active photoinitiator for polymerization has been synthesized. This photoinitiator showed a good solubility in water and a sufficient molar absorptivity in the UVA region. While heat-activated decomposition of this peroxide in an aqueous solution leads mainly to heterolytic cleavage of the dioxy bond, its photochemical decomposition gives predominately homolytic cleavage. When the perester was used as an initiator in microemulsion polymerization of styrene, stable and relative monodispersed polystyrene latices were obtained. The produced polystyrene has a high molecular weight in the range of 104−106 and a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD = Mw/Mn ∼ 2.5). The initiator is located at the interface, and the polymerization may be initiated with the separation of two radicals which are generated at the interface. The latex characteristics such as particle size, polydispersity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution depend on the...
Decrement of the Müller-Lyer illusion with saccadic and tracking eye movements

Subjects viewed the Muller-Lyer illusion, making either saccadic or smooth tracking eye movements between the apexes of the arrow heads. The decrement in the magnitude of the illusion was significantly greater for Ss in the saccadic viewing condition. Saccadic and smooth tracking eye movements are separately controlled,and information about eye position is more readily available from the efferent signals issued to control a saccadic eye movement. The experimental findings were consistent with the hypothesis that Ss in the saccadic condition learned a new afferent efferent association. The results support a theory that visual perception is determined by efferent readiness activated by visual afferent stimulation.
On the Throughput Capacity of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

A substantial body of the literature exists addressing the capacity of wireless networks. However, it is commonly assumed that all nodes in the network are identical. The issue of heterogeneity has not been embraced into the discussions. In this paper, we investigate the throughput capacity of heterogeneous wireless networks with general network settings. Specifically, we consider an extended network with n normal nodes and m = nb (0 ≤ b ≤ 1) more powerful helping nodes in a rectangular area with width s(n) and length n/s(n), where s(n) = nw and 0 ≤ w ≤ 1/2. We assume that there are n flows in the network. All the n normal nodes are sources while only randomly chosen nd (0 ≤ d ≤ 1) normal nodes are destinations. We further assume that the n normal nodes are uniformly and independently distributed, while the m helping nodes are either regularly placed or uniformly and independently distributed, resulting in two different kinds of networks called Regular Heterogeneous Wireless Networks and Random Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, respectively. We show that network capacity is determined by the shape of the network area, the number of destination nodes, the number of helping nodes, and the bandwidth of helping nodes. We also find that heterogeneous wireless networks can provide throughput higher in the order sense than traditional homogeneous wireless networks only under certain conditions.
Soil lead concentrations in residential Minnesota as measured by ICP-AES

A total of 2454 samples were collected to evaluate the degree, extent, and distribution of Pb contaminated soil in Minnesota. Samples were collected primarily at locations where susceptible populations were concentrated. Soil Pb concentrations in chilldren's play areas, urban gardens, and at open sites were generally below 100 μg g −1 when Pb painted structures were absent. Street side and yard soils typically had Pb concentrations between 10 to 300 μg g−1, with samples collected near major highways or Pb painted structures exhibiting greater values. The most severely contaminated soils were found in localized areas around the foundations of private residences, where concentrations up to 20 136 μg g−1 were detected. Exterior Pb based house paint is the major Pb source in these soils, and its presence greatly influences the distribution of contaminated soil in individual yards. Contamination attributable to autoemissions is less concentrated but more widespread than contamination from paint. A higher proportion of soils exceeding 1000 wg g−1 Pb was found in large cities than elsewhere. However, a sufficient number were detected in small cities and rural areas to confirm that high soil Pb levels are not exclusively an urban phenomenon. By examining the degree, extent, and distribution of Pb contaminated soils in Minnesota, this study provides information useful in guiding response actions to reduce children's exposure to Pb by this pathway.
Large genetic change at small fitness cost in large populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for wind tunnel flight: rethinking fitness surfaces

The fitness effects of extreme genetic change by selection were studied in large populations subjected to prolonged, intense selection. Two replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster, with estimated effective sizes 500 < or = Ne < or = 1000, were selected for increased performance in a wind tunnel, selecting on average the fastest 4.5% of flies. The mean apparent flying speed of both lines increased from approximately 2 to 170 cm/sec and continued to respond at diminishing rates, without reaching a plateau, for 100 generations. Competitive fitness tests in generations 50 and 85 showed minimal or no fitness loss in selected lines compared to controls. Sublines relaxed in generations 65 and 85 showed minimal or no regression in apparent flying speed. Hybrid lines, from a cross of selected x control lines in generation 75, responded to reselection saltationally, showing that the chromosomes of the selected lines had been assembled from alleles at many loci, from many different chromosomes in the base population. Thus, major genetic change was achieved, but without the costs usually associated with strong directional selection. Large population size has been interpreted, in opposing models, as either a brake or an accelerator in its effects on long-term change by selection. These results favor the second model, and challenge the concept of rugged fitness surfaces underlying the first model.
Mode Tracking Issues in Structural Optimization

Within the context of optimization of the structural dynamics properties of finite element models, methodology is developed for the tracking of eigenpairs through changes in the structural eigenvalue problem. The goal is to eliminate difficulties caused by "mode switching" (i.e., frequency crossing). Out of several candidate methods, two methods for mode tracking are successful. The first method, the higher order eigenpair perturbation algorithm, is based on a perturbation expansion of the eigenproblem. It iteratively computes changes in the eigenpairs due to parameter perturbations with the important feature of maintaining the correspondence between the baseline and perturbed eigenpairs. The second method is a cross-orthogonality check method, which uses mass orthogonality to reestablish correspondence after a standard reanalysis. Modified eigenpair extraction routines (Lanczos, subspace iteration, inverse power) were unsuccessful in tracking modes. Applications of mode tracking technology that are presented are frequency-constrained optimization and optimization with mode shape constraints. Each application procedure is outlined and examples are given. Recommendations are made based on method efficiency and robustness in the example problems.
Emission spectra of KrF in the chemical reaction of KrF 2 with SiH 4

Strong emission has been observed in the reaction of KrF2 with SiH4. The emission spectra have been identified to be the B2∑ → X2∑ transition of KrF. The dependence of the spectral shape of the emission has been examined as a function of argon pressure. The pressure dependence of the spectral shape appears to be due to vibrational relaxation in the B2∑ state. The emission intensity as a function of SiH4 and KrF2 concentration has been measured. Since the KrF(X2∑) ground-state binding energy is less than 100 cm−1, which is substantially smaller than the room-temperature thermal energy, the ground-state bottlenecking of KrF is negligible. Therefore, for any branching ratio of B to X formation, there should be a population inversion on the KrF B2∑ → X2∑ transition.
Determination of phloxine B and uranine in water by capillary zone electrophoresis

Phloxine B and uranine are color additives in drugs and cosmetics as well as potential photoactive insecticides. A capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method is developed to determine phloxine B and uranine in water. A fused-silica capillary (67cm, 75-μm i.d.) and borate buffer are used. Migration of phloxine B and uranine increases slightly as the pH of the running buffer increases between the range of 8-9. Although there are only slight effects of ionic strength on the analyte migration in the range of 0-20mM NaCl in the running buffer, the migration of phloxine B and uranine increases as the percentage of methanol in the samples increases. Methanol shows little effect on the quantitation of phloxine B and uranine. The CZE procedure is applied to determine phloxine B and uranine fortified in tap and stream water samples. Solid- phase extraction is employed to recover the analytes spiked in the water samples. Recoveries range from 87-112% for phloxine B spiked at 10-200 ppb in the tap and stream water. Uranine recoveries are 86-91% at fortification levels of 10-50 ppb in the water samples.
An Analysis of Individual NYSE Specialist Portfolios and Execution Quality

The value of specialist assistance to the trading of low-volume stocks has important implications in exchange design. We study the relation between the structure of individual specialist portfolios and the transitory volatility of low-volume stocks in these portfolios under the traditional NYSE auction-dealer market structure. We find that the trading quality for inactive stocks is positively related to the trading volume of active stocks in the same specialist portfolios. These results are consistent with specialist subsidization of low-volume stocks in their portfolios and suggest that specialists provide important support to the trading of inactive stocks if they have the resources.
Assessing roles of people, technology and structure in emergency management systems: a public sector perspective

Emergency management systems are a critical factor in successful mitigation of natural and man-made disasters, facilitating responder decision making in complex situations. Based on socio-technical systems, have which four components people, technology, structure and task, this study develops a research framework of factors affecting effective emergency management. People factors include psychological factors such as responders' self-efficacy, support from family, peers and community, and training. Technology factors are task technology and information sharing. The structure factors are leadership, labour and logistics. Finally, the task factor refers to effective emergency management. This study empirically tests this framework by collecting surveys from emergency responders who participated in the 2006 Buffalo October Storm. The research results demonstrate that training and support positively affect emergency management self-efficacy which, in turn, has a positive significant relationship with effective emergency management. Task technology and information sharing also have a positive impact on effective emergency management. However, findings suggest that the structure factors do not show a significant relationship with effective emergency management. This research presents that human factors in emergency management are essential to conduct effective operations. More importantly, investing in technology to assist responders in performing their jobs during the emergency is crucial during the emergency operations.
Endothelins: multifunctional renal peptides.

Major topics addressed in this review on endothelins in the kidney are; 1) endothelin isopeptides: a gene family of regulatory peptides; 2) mapping endothelin receptors in the kidney: sites of action; 3) endothelin gene expression and secretion in the kidney; 4) endothelin regulates renal hemodynamics; 5) effects of endothelin on glomerular filtration rate and glomerular function; 6) endothelin and renal sodium excretion; 7) endothelin and renal water reabsorption
Disinfestation of Beauveria bassiana from Adult Lygus hesperus 1 Using Ultraviolet-C Radiation

Abstract. The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, is an important pest of crops in the western U.S. Research on the biology of L. hesperus often relies on access to healthy insects from laboratory cultures. However, maintenance of colony vigor often requires periodic introductions of field-collected specimens or re-initiation of the colony. Either approach poses a risk of introducing diseases with the field-collected insects. We examined the potential utility of exposure to ultraviolet light (UV-C) as a way to sterilize adult L. hesperus previously treated with spores of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and also examined the influence of exposure to UV-C on subsequent reproduction by lygus. Mortality of B. bassiana conidia increased rapidly with increased exposure to UV irradiation, which also delayed germination of conidia at exposure times ≥2 minutes. Based on assays 48 hours after exposure to UV, 6.45 minutes of exposure to UV-C (≈130 µW cm-2) reduced germination of conidia to ap...
Strengthening prompt simplicity

We introduce a natural strengthening of prompt simplicity which we call strong promptness, and study its relationship with existing lowness classes. This notion provides a ≤wtt version of superlow cuppability. We show that every strongly prompt c.e. set is superlow cuppable. Unfortunately, strong promptness is not a Turing degree notion, and so cannot characterize the sets which are superlow cuppable. However, it is a wtt-degree notion, and we show that it characterizes the degrees which satisfy a wtt-degree notion very close to the definition of superlow cuppability. Further, we study the strongly prompt c.e. sets in the context of other notions related promptness, superlowness, and cupping. In particular, we show that every benign cost function has a strongly prompt set which obeys it, providing an analogue to the known result that every cost function with the limit condition has a prompt set which obeys it. We also study the effect that lowness properties have on the behaviour of a set under the join operator. In particular we construct an array noncomputable c.e. set whose join with every low c.e. set is low.
The effect of the design method on efficiency of resonant harmonic filters

Distribution voltage harmonics and load current harmonics other than harmonics to which a resonant harmonic filter (RHF) is tuned, deteriorate the filter efficiency in reducing harmonic distortion. The paper presents results of a study on dependence of this deterioration on the method of the filter design. The study was confined to four-branch RHFs of the 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th order harmonics, installed on buses that predominantly supply six-pulse ac/dc converters or rectifiers. The filters under investigation were designed according to two different approaches: a traditional approach and an approach based on an optimization procedure. In the traditional approach, the reactive power allocated to particular branches of the filter and their tuning frequencies are selected at the designer's discretion, according to recommended practices. In the optimization based approach, the reactive power allocated to particular branches and tuning frequencies are resultants of an optimization procedure that minimizes the bus voltage and the supply current THD in the system with the filter under design.
Sexual Learning, Sexual Experience, and Healthy Adolescent Sex

This chapter is organized around the question “How do adolescents learn to have healthy sex?” The chapter assumes that sexual learning derives from a broad range of both informal and formal sources that contribute to learning within the context of neurocognitive brain systems that modulate sexual motivations and self-regulation. The overall objective is to consider how adolescents become sexually functional and healthy and to provide a conceptual basis for expansion of sexual learning to better support healthy sexual functioning. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Southwest airlines: A case study linking employee needs satisfaction and organizational capabilities to competitive advantage

This article analyzes the sources of Southwest Airlines' competitive advantage using an integrative approach, employing economic analysis tools to illustrate the roles of commitment and organizational capabilities in delivering competitive advantage at Southwest. A framework is presented illustrating that much of the value Southwest generates is (1) created through employee needs satisfaction, (2) converted to customer and shareholder value via organizational capabilities, and (3) captured by the firm as a result of its cost advantage and superior service. This three-part framework may be applicable to other labor-dependent service organizations. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of hypotension on atherogenesis and aortic wall composition.

Cynomolgus monkeys with a stable, midthoracic aortic coarctation producing at least a pressure gradient of 10 mm Hg were fed an atherogenic diet containing 2% cholesterol and 25% peanut oil for 6 months. Standard, anatomically defined segments of thoracic aorta above and below the coarctation and of abdominal aorta were then compared to corresponding segments from atherogenie diet and normal diet control animals with respect to mural cholesterol, elastin, collagen, and DNA content and percentage surface atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesions occupied 74 + 8% of the intimal surface above the coarctations and 56 2 7% of the corresponding surface in atherogenic diet controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Upper thoracic mural cholesterol content was the same for the two groups. Atherosclerotic lesions were strikingIy less prominent below coarctations occupying only 12 2 4% of the distal thoracic intimal surface compared to 54 2 9% in atherogenic diet controls (P < 0.001) and only 10 -+ 3% of the abdominal intimal surface compared to 56 ? 14% in atherogenic diet controls (P < 0.001). Mural cholesterol content below the coarctation was the same as in normal diet control animals. Distal to the coarct, DNA and collagen content were reduced, suggesting that lowered pressure resulted in increased collagen degradation and decreased cellularity. Despite the absence of persistent hypertension above the coarctation, the upper thoracic aorta contained more elastin than controls but DNA content was normal. The results indicate that even a small reduction in blood pressure below normal levels has a marked inhibiting effect on the induction of diet-induced lesions. The associated reduction in cellularity and the low level of mural cholesterol content suggest that mural lipid accumulation, cell proliferation, and lesion formation are dependent on the presence of normal or elevated blood pressure. High levels of circulating serum lipids are a necessary but insufficient condition for the development of experimental atherosclerosis.
Nutrition Education and Counselling Provided during Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Outcomes

Nutrition education and counselling (NEC) is a commonly applied strategy to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy. However, with the exception special populations and specific diets, the effect of NEC on maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. Using a modified Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group method we systematically reviewed the literature and identified and abstracted 37 articles. We conducted meta-analyses for the effect of NEC on maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes including gestational weight gain, maternal anaemia, birthweight, low birthweight and preterm delivery. NEC significantly improved gestational weight gain by 0.45 kg, reduced the risk of anaemia in late pregnancy by 30%, increased birthweight by 105 g and lowered the risk of preterm delivery by 19%. The effect of NEC on risk of low birthweight was not significant. The effect of NEC was greater when provided with nutrition support, for example, food or micronutrient supplements or nutrition safety nets. The overall quality of the body of evidence was deemed low for all outcomes due to high heterogeneity, poor study designs and other biases. Additional well-designed research that is grounded in appropriate theories of behaviour change is needed to improve confidence in the effect of NEC. Further, cost-effectiveness research is needed to clarify the added benefit and sustainability of providing NEC with nutritional support and/or safety nets, especially in areas where food insecurity and gender bias may limit women's capacity to adhere to NEC messages.
Motion primitives for a tumbling robot

The desire for a high mobility-to-size ratio in mobile robots has led to the exploration of many new methods of locomotion, one of which is tumbling. To the authors' knowledge, there are very few tumbling robots in existence and no formalized methods for their control. In this paper we begin addressing these issues by presenting an approach for deriving motion primitives for tumbling robots. We apply our method to the specific case of a two-armed tumbling robot and include the final derived motion primitives. Additionally we discuss in general the motion of tumbling robots and introduce 3 useful gaits derived from the resulting primitives of our approach.
Interannual planetary wave breaking in the presence of Ekman pumping and mean flow

A two-layer planetary geostrophic model is adopted to study the breaking of planetary waves in the presence of Ekman pumping and the associated-mean flow. The governing equation for the interface is a quasi-linear equation, which is solved analytically by the method of characteristics. The waves are forced by annual or interannual upwelling or downwelling along the eastern boundary of a subtropical gyre. It is found that the time and position at which breaking occurs is mainly determined by the speed and depth of the eastern boundary perturbation, while the intensity of a breaking front is mainly determined by the amplitude of the perturbation. The breaking of a planetary wave is affected significantly by Ekman pumping and the associated mean flow, particularly for annual and interannual forcing. Downward Ekman pumping, as in a subtropical gyre, suppresses breaking in downwelling waves caused by eastern boundary upwelling, but enhances breaking in upwelling waves caused by eastern boundary downwelling. In the presence of steady downward Ekman pumping, downwelling breaking will not occur except for interfaces near the surface. The structure and intensity of a breaking front is also discussed.
Linked linear amplification: a new method for the amplification of DNA

Background: Linked Linear Amplification (LLA) is a new nucleic acid amplification method that uses multiple cycles of primer extension reactions. The presence of nonreplicable elements in LLA primers renders primer extension products unusable as templates for further amplification, leading to linear accumulation of products. Through the use of nested primers, linear reactions can be “linked”, providing total amplification yields comparable to those obtained by PCR. Methods: The LLA model predicts ( a ) that amplification yield will approach that of PCR as the number of primers increases and ( b ) that the unique composition of LLA products will give lower carryover amplification efficiency compared with PCR. To test these hypotheses, the human β-globin gene was amplified by 10-, 14-, or 18-primer LLA and the yield was compared with PCR. Carryover contamination was simulated by reamplifying a dilution series of LLA or PCR products. To demonstrate the clinical utility of the method, LLA coupled with allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) capture was used to detect the factor V Leiden mutation in a panel of 111 DNA samples. Results: Fourteen- and 18-primer LLA gave amplification yields comparable to PCR. However, LLA carryover amplification efficiency was four orders of magnitude lower than that of PCR. The LLA-ASO assay detected the correct factor V Leiden genotype in all 111 samples. Conclusions: LLA is a robust target amplification method that is comparable to PCR in yield. However, LLA is more resistant to false results caused by carryover amplicon contamination.
Repeatable runout compensation for hard disk drives using adaptive feedforward cancellation

In this paper, new methods to estimate repeatable runout (RRO) in hard disk drives are proposed. The techniques are based on adaptive feedforward compensation (AFC). To enhance the performance, two modifications (residual error shaping and Kalman filtering) are introduced to the basic AFC structure. The estimated data are used in real-time control to generate the compensation signal which cancels RRO disturbance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and the resulting improvement of tracking performance.
Improving oral health in low-income pregnant women with a nurse practitioner-directed oral care program

Purpose: To test the effectiveness of an advanced practice nurse model of care to improve oral health in low-income pregnant women. Data sources: Pregnant women (n= 170) were randomized to either control or experimental group in a hospital-based inner city clinic in the Midwest. Participants completed pretest and posttest questionnaires. Those in the experimental group participated in an educational session, received dental supplies, and were scheduled for an oral care appointment. Descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests, and Pearson's chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Conclusions: Knowledge scores showed a small positive trend while favorable self-perception of oral health increased significantly in the experimental group. The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in frequency of brushing and flossing teeth, marked reduction in intake of high sugar drinks, and reported more than twice as many visits for a dental check-up than the control group. Significant barriers to obtaining oral health services were identified. Implications for practice: Because adverse pregnancy outcomes have been linked to periodontitis in numerous research studies, pregnant women must be educated about the importance of oral health and the necessity of a check-up. APNs are in an ideal position to educate women and assist them to obtain necessary oral health services.
The Legacy of Israel in Judah's Bible: Joshua and Ai

Conceptually, the tradition of escape from Egypt requires a place to go, a happy ending. Numbers 21 and Deuteronomy 2–3 provide this in the east, in a tradition that does not of itself assume combination with a western campaign. The Bible as we now have it provides the book of Joshua, with its crossing of the Jordan River from the east (chapters 3–4), the assault on Jericho (chapter 6), followed by eventual victory at Ai (chapters 7–8), forced compromise with the Gibeonites (chapter 9), and at last a sweeping success against the assembled forces of first the south, then the north (chapters 10–11). The rest of the book is built around detailed territorial definitions for all the tribes, both east and west of the Jordan (chapters 13–19), with special consideration for the Levites (chapter 21). All this is framed by speeches from Joshua himself in chapters 1 and 23, which have long been understood as classic examples of deuteronomistic work, in making this collection part of a larger history. Although the western conquest led by Joshua depends in its full expression on the old Israelite tradition of exodus from Egypt, the book gives it a limited and finally Judahite perspective. Like the later revisions of the Moses traditions, which integrate the tribal scheme of Genesis into the old tales of departure and invasion, the book of Joshua pictures a conquest by twelve tribes. Perhaps this tribal focus allows Judah to be given a special role; in any case, the establishment of all Israel, far beyond the borders of Judah, is essential. Moreover, the geographical ambitions of the book are considerable, reaching beyond the proven accomplishment of Israel in any period. Joshua mixes an Israelite ideal with an overwhelmingly Judahite realization. For all the narrative located in the territory of Israel, it is extremely difficult to isolate plausibly Israelite material. In the end, the one most convincing text is the account of Joshua's victory at Ai in chapter 8. This alone provides a starting point for understanding the construction of a western conquest from the tradition of Joshua as ancient warrior leader. Joshua 8 belongs to the family of biblical texts that presents Israel as a collective unit, especially for going to war, and as such, the text belongs with the various Moses materials.