cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and control of a helicopter slung-load system

Abstract This article investigates modeling and modern control for a helicopter and slung-load system. For this purpose complex, physics based, control oriented helicopter models are used. Point mass approach is used to model the external loadʼs dynamics. The resulting nonlinear equations of motion are then trimmed for straight level flights and linearized around these flight conditions. Behaviors of representative trim variable values (i.e. cable angle and longitudinal and lateral cyclic blade pitch angles) and modes (i.e. flight dynamics and load modes) are thoroughly examined while some model parameters (e.g. cable length, load mass, and equivalent flat plate area) change. These behaviors are compared to data found in the literature. Furthermore, variance constrained controllers (i.e. output variance constrained and input variance constrained controllers) are applied for control system design. These controllersʼ performance is examined when they are aware of the slung-loadʼs existence and when they are not aware of the slung-load.
Thermal convection of micropolar fluids past two-dimensional or axisymmetric bodies with suction/injection

Abstract Steady laminar forced convection of micropolar fluids past two-dimensional or axisymmetric bodies with porous walls and different thermal boundary conditions has been analyzed. New coordinate transformations are employed to reduce the streamwise-dependence in the coupled nonlinear boundary-layer equations. The analysis is applied to cylinders and spheres with fluid injection/suction at the surface. Of interest are the effects of material parameters, wall mass transfer, the Prandtl number and the distinct thermal boundary conditions on the local skin friction coefficient and heat transfer coefficient.
Generalized linear modeling approach to stochastic weather generators

Stochastic weather generators are a popular method for producing synthetic sequences of daily weather. We demonstrate that generalized linear models (GLMs) can provide a general modeling framework, allowing the straightforward incorporation of annual cycles and other covariates (e.g. an index of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, ENSO) into stochastic weather generators. We apply the GLM technique to daily time series of weather variables (i.e. precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature) from Pergamino, Argentina. Besides annual cycles, the fit is significantly improved by permitting both the transition probabilities of the first-order Markov chain for daily precipitation occurrence, as well as the means of both daily minimum and maximum temperature, to depend on the ENSO state. Although it is more parsimonious than typical weather generators, the GLMbased weather generator performs comparably, particularly in terms of extremes and overdispersion.
Survivorship planning in gynecologic cancer patients

Abstract Objective There are over one million survivors from gynecologic malignancies currently living in the United States and this population is expected to increase by 33% over the next decade. Identifying the needs of these cancer survivors is often understudied and overlooked. Methods A literature review using MEDLINE was searched for research articles published in English from 1967 to 2013 focusing on survivorship care in women with gynecologic malignancies. Results For women with gynecologic malignancies, the survivorship period requires management of several aspects of care. Improved coordination of care between providers that may be addressed with the use of survivorship care plans and should include surveillance recommendations. Providers should conduct a focused evaluation of late and long-term effects of cancer that may continue to effect patients during and after treatment. Opportunities to improve lifestyle behaviors and continue general health maintenance should also be maximized. Conclusions The survivorship period incorporates the following: prevention of new cancer diagnoses, surveillance for recurrence, assessment and management of side effects from cancer and cancer treatment, and the coordination of care between patients and healthcare providers. Focusing on these components may improve quality of life as it allows for a seamless transition for cancer survivors and their caregivers.
Impact of Dedicated Brain PET on Intended Patient Management in Participants of the National Oncologic PET Registry

Purpose This study seeks to assess the impact of dedicated brain positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose on intended management of patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors.
Height of Industrial Hand Wheel Valves Affects Torque Exertion

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how height of a hand wheel affects maximum torque production and risk of injury to the shoulders and back of workers. Background: Workers in the pr...
Characterization of intermittent contact in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy

Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy has wide applications for probing the nanoscale surface and subsurface properties of numerous materials in a variety of environments. Strongly nonlinear effects due to large variations in the force field on the probe tip over very small length scales and the intermittency of contact with the sample, however, result in strong dynamical instabilities. These can result in a sudden loss of stability of low-contact-velocity oscillations of the atomic-force-microscope tip in favor of oscillations with high contact velocity, coexistence of stable oscillatory motions, and destructive, nonrepeatable, and unreliable characterization of the nanostructure. In this paper, dynamical systems tools for piecewise smooth systems are employed to characterize the loss of stability and associated parameter hysteresis phenomena.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Relaxation Time and the Problem of the Pleistocene

Although changes in habitat area, driven by changes in sea level, have long been considered as a possible cause of marine diversity change in the Phanerozoic, the lack of Pleistocene extinction in the Californian Province has raised doubts, given the large and rapid sea-level changes during the Pleistocene. Neutral models of metacommunities presented here suggest that diversity responds rapidly to changes in habitat area, with relaxation times of a few hundred to a few thousand years. Relaxation time is controlled partly by metacommunity size, implying that different provinces or trophic levels might have measurably different responses to changes in habitable area. Geologically short relaxation times imply that metacommunities should be able to stay nearly in equilibrium with all but the most rapid changes in area. A simulation of the Californian Province during the Pleistocene confirms this, with the longest lags in diversity approaching 20 kyr. The apparent lack of Pleistocene extinction in the Californian Province likely results from the difficulty of sampling rare species, coupled with repopulation from adjacent deep-water or warm-water regions.
Influence of Airflow on Laboratory Storage of High Moisture Corn Stover

Storing high moisture biomass for bioenergy use is a reality in many areas of the country where wet harvest conditions and environmental factors prevent dry storage from being feasible. Aerobic storage of high moisture biomass leads to microbial degradation and self-heating, but oxygen limitation can aid in material preservation. To understand the influence of oxygen presence on high moisture biomass (50 %, wet basis), three airflow rates were tested on corn stover stored in laboratory reactors. Temperature, carbon dioxide production, dry matter loss, chemical composition, fungal abundance, pH, and organic acids were used to monitor the effects of airflow on storage conditions. The results of this work indicate that oxygen availability impacts both the duration of self-heating and the severity of dry matter loss. High airflow systems experienced the greatest initial rates of loss but a shortened microbially active period that limited total dry matter loss (19 %). Intermediate airflow had improved preservation in short-term storage compared to high airflow systems but accumulated the greatest dry matter loss over time (up to 27 %) as a result of an extended microbially active period. Low airflow systems displayed the best performance with the lowest rates of loss and total loss (10 %) in storage at 50 days. Total structural sugar levels of the stored material were preserved, although glucan enrichment and xylan loss were documented in the high and intermediate flow conditions. By understanding the role of oxygen availability on biomass storage performance, the requirements for high moisture storage solutions may begin to be experimentally defined.
Mapping of the neonatal Fc receptor in the rodent eye.

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn, FcRp, or Fcgrt) is a heterodimer composed of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, which binds to both albumin and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG).1,2 Unlike other Fcγ receptors that bind to the lower hinge region and top of the Cγ2 domain, the FcRn receptor binds to the interface between Cγ2 and Cγ3 of IgG.2,3 The binding site of the FcRn receptor to the Fc fragment contains several histidine residues that account for a pH-dependent interaction.2 This enables the FcRn receptor to transport IgG(s) into the blood by transcytosis, allowing intact IgG molecules to pass through cells and into the systemic circulation. This binding of FcRn to the Fc fragment also aids in increasing the circulating half life of IgG by allowing temporary sequestration in vessel endothelium and protection from catabolism and elimination. Several studies have detailed this transcytosis pathway. First, IgG is pinocytosed nonspecifically by the cell and trafficked to the acidic endosome, where (in the low-pH environment) it binds FcRn with high affinity. FcRn then diverts IgG from a degradative lysosomal fate and transports the IgG back to the cell surface, where (at a neutral pH) it releases IgG into the extracellular space.1 The FcRn receptor was first identified in rodents as the receptor that transfers maternal IgGs from mother to young via the neonatal intestine.4 The mammary gland and placental endothelium also express the FcRn receptor which mediates the transfer of protective immunoglobulins to the newborn.5,6 In addition, it is important to note that the FcRn receptor is expressed in the brain microvasculature and the choroid plexus epithelium.7 Transcytosis of IgG from the brain to blood has been shown to use the FcRn receptor located on brain vascular endothelium.8,9 FcRn receptors are also expressed in mammalian adult endothelial cells, hepatocytes, histiocytes, monocytes, intestinal macrophages, dendritic cells, bronchial epithelial cells, kidney epithelial cells, and adipose tissue.5,10-14 However, FcRn receptor distribution in the eye has not yet been determined. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of the FcRn receptor occurs in various ocular tissues.
Modified anion-exchange resins for improved chromate selectivity and increased efficiency of regeneration

Abstract Experimental results are provided to show that a modified strong-base resin with tripropyl quaternary ammonium functionality offers greater chromate selectivity and improved efficiency of regeneration over widely used commercially available anion-exchange resins with trimethyl quaternary ammonium or dimethyl tertiary amine functionality. Use of this new, modified resin is likely to be more economic for decontaminating chromate-laden industrial wastewaters.
Antituberculous Immunity induced in Mice by Vaccination with Killed Tubercle Bacilli or with a Soluble Bacillary Extract.

It proved possible to increase the resistance of mice to tuberculous infection by vaccinating them with a suspension of avirulent tubercle bacilli killed by exposure to 2 per cent phenol. This increase in resistance was demonstrated by two different techniques: (a) observation of survival time of vaccinated animals following challenge infection with a large dose of virulent bacilli, and (b) determination of numbers of virulent bacilli in the spleens of animals 2 weeks after injection of a small infective dose. The minimum protective dose of vaccine corresponded to approximately one-tenth the acutely toxic dose. Addition of an adjuvant to the bacillary suspension markedly increased both the protective effectiveness of the vaccine and the duration of the immunity. It enhanced also the toxicity of the vaccine in approximately the same proportion. However, other lines of evidence suggested that toxicity and protective activity were independent one from the other and were the manifestations of different bacillary constituents. Extraction with absolute methanol released from the bacillary bodies a crude soluble fraction possessing low, if any, toxicity, yet capable of eliciting in mice a state of increased resistance to virulent infection. The protective activity of this methanol-soluble fraction was low; it accounted for only a small part of the total protective activity of the original material.
Multilayer krypton phase diagram

We present vapor pressure and high-resolution heat-capacity measurements of multilayer krypton films adsorbed on graphite. We have found a complex phase diagram including reentrant layering transitions for coverages higher than three layers. The third layering transition does not end in a condensation critical point as was previously expected. The second-layer melting transition is preceded by what may be a commensurate-incommensurate transition between the first and second layers.
Is teething associated with diarrhea

The common perception among dentists is that teething in babies and children may be accompanied by increased drooling, a slight rise in temperature, and perhaps increased irritability, but these symptoms are relatively minor. Teething and diarrhea are not usually associated. The article by Graham and colleagues reminds us that although this relatively benign view of teething-related discomfort is held by much of the western world, other cultures may hold very different views. As the authors mention, lancing the gums overlying erupting primary teeth was a common procedure in Europe and the United States in the late 19th an dearly 20th centuries. They discuss a variation on this practice in which lancing and possible tooth extraction are limited to the area of the primary canines. Perhaps some cultures perceive the eruption of the canines to cause more symptoms than the eruption of other teeth. The practice of lancing thegums overlying the primary canines or extracting the unerupted teeth is certainly of concern. These practices can lead to altered esthetics and spacing in the permanent dentition, as well as trauma to the infant. As the authors indicate, the use of nonsterile techniques may cause increased morbidity and even mortality. The fact that some women believe that their child's diarrhea is due to tooth eruption is of concern to primary care professionals. In studies conducted inFlorida1 and in western Africa,2parents tended to view the diarrhea as less serious when they thought it was due to teething. But children with “teething diarrhea” are just as likely to develop dehydration as children with nonteething diarrhea. Primary care providers should be aware of these various beliefs regarding the relationship between infant diarrhea and teething. They should educate parents to recognize early signs of dehydration and should discourage the belief thatteething causes diarrhea.
Parents' Participation in a Work-Based Anti-Poverty Program Can Enhance Their Children's Future Orientation: Understanding Pathways of Influence.

Planning and preparing for life after high school is a central developmental task of American adolescents, and may be even more critical for low-income youth who are less likely to attend a four year college. This study investigates factors that led to the effects of the New Hope Project, a work-based, anti-poverty program directed at parents on youths’ career-related thoughts and planning. The New Hope project was implemented in Milwaukee, WI, during the mid-1990s. 745 families participated (52 % male children; 56 % African American; 30 % Latino, and 15 % White non-Hispanic) and half were randomly selected to receive New Hope benefits, which included earnings supplements, job search assistance, and child and health care subsidies for 3 years. Importantly, effects on youths’ future orientation were found 8 years after the program began (5 years after benefits ended). The present study investigates what factors sustained these positive impacts over time. Results indicate that parental perceptions of reading performance mediate the effects of New Hope on youths’ cynicism about work. Additionally, parental perceptions of reading performance and youths’ educational expectations mediate the effects of New Hope on boys’ pessimism about future employment. These findings highlight the importance of youths’ educational development to their career-related thoughts and planning.
Plasminogen activator levels are influenced by location and varicosity in greater saphenous vein

Abstract Purpose: The plasminogen system, which includes tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), and their main inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), plays a major role in both fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling. This study compares the levels of tPA, uPA, and PAI-1 at the groin and ankle in normal and varicose greater saphenous vein (GSV). Methods: GSV was collected from patients undergoing varicose vein (VV) removal and from normal vein (NV) from arterial bypass procedures. Portions of the GSV at the groin and the ankle were minced and placed in serum-free media for 48 hours. Assays of the supernatants were obtained for tPA, uPA, and PAI-1 protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cyclohexamide and actinomycin D were also added to the media of the VV tissue explant supernatants to inhibit protein and RNA synthesis, respectively. Results: Levels of tPA were significantly higher at the groin (11 ± 2) than the ankle (5 ± 1) in the VV ( p p p Conclusions: In the tissue explant supernatant model uPA and PAI-1 are actively synthesized, but tPA is not. Levels of PAI-1 were comparable in all four groups. Levels of uPA in the varicose GSV were higher than in NV, suggesting a role for uPA in the pathologic makeup of VV. Levels of tPA were higher at the groin versus the ankle position, potentially explaining the previously described increased fibrinolytic activity seen at the groin. (J Vasc Surg 1996;24:719-24.)
Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance for studying phase separation in block and segmented copolymers

Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have shown that segmented polyurethanes as well as block copolymers segregate into domains with distinct mobilities. The usefulness of this technique for investigating the importance of the domain interface and for studying the mixing/ demixing of domains has been demonstrated. By examining the percent rigid material as a function of temperature, a polystyrene/butadiene block copolymer showed little evidence of domain interface effects, while in a series of segmented polyurethanes, the interface was seen to be important. The domains of a polyester soft segment and diphenylmethane diisocyanate hard segment polyurethane were mixed by annealing at 170°C. Examination of the demixing process as a function of storage temperature enabled an activation energy for domain formation of 36 ± 5 kcal/mole to be calculated. In a series of polyurethanes with varying amounts of hard segments, the material with the least amount of hard segments showed evidence of soft segment crystallinity. The mixing proces in this series was interpreted in terms of shifting correlation frequency distributions.
Coherence in the narratives of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal offenders

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that the speech of psychopaths is more disorganized than that of nonpsychopaths [ Williamson, 1991 . Cohesion and coherence in the speech of psychopathic criminals. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Colombia]. This paper attempts to explain Williamson's findings and examines the specific hypotheses that (a) psychopaths are poor at resolving action in spoken narratives and (b) psychopaths' narratives can be improved by giving them tangible story guides. Prison inmates were asked to produce stories based on the content of two Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) cards, using specified story ideas. These narratives were coded using coherence/plot unit analysis. For Caucasians, psychopaths resolved fewer plot units than controls, but they were hindered by the story guides. For African-Americans, there were no significant group differences in the number of plot units resolved. Psychopaths do seem to have more poorly organized speech, but this effect appears to be limited to Caucasians.
Asynchronous Aggregate Resource Management for MUOS

The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) is founded upon commercial Third Generation (3G) Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) technology to provide voice and data services to the warfighter. An important requirement on the system is to adjudicate service access and quality based upon service priority to ensure that critical communications are provided "assured access". MUOS employs 120 levels of priority along with a set of congestion control mechanisms that are invoked as a function of service priority to manage communications resource consumption in the system. A pro-active philosophy is taken that incrementally degrades quality-of-service (QoS) (but still providing compliant QoS) with level of congestion to gracefully throttle resource consumption.
Memory storage and retrieval within and across modalities in children

Abstract Twenty-four kindergarten and fourth grade children were asked to locate a display card which had been visually or verbally presented. A probe, which identified the card to be located, was presented verbally and visually equally often. The children's ability to recall the location of an item did not differ as a function of the modality to which the material was presented. Nor was recall significantly affected when the presentation modality differed from the probe modality, suggesting that children as young as 5 can cross these sensory modalities to retrieve material with no loss in accuracy. Serial position curves suggest that the verbal and visual material is not stored in a common intersensory store. The primacy effect is found to be stronger with visually presented material and the recency effect strongest with auditorily presented material. Probe modality did not influence the serial position curves.
Ultra-deep desulfurization and denitrogenation of diesel fuel by selective adsorption over three different adsorbents: A study on adsorptive selectivity and mechanism

Abstract Adsorptive desulfurization and denitrogenation were studied using a model diesel fuel, which contains sulfur, nitrogen and aromatic compounds, over three typical adsorbents (activated carbon, activated alumina and nickel-based adsorbent) in a fixed-bed adsorption system. The adsorptive capacity and selectivity for the various compounds were examined and compared on the basis of the breakthrough curves. The electronic properties of the adsorbates were calculated by a semi-empirical quantum chemical method and compared with their adsorption selectivity. Different adsorptive selectivities in correlation with the electronic properties of the compounds provided new insight into the fundamental understanding of the adsorption mechanism over different adsorbents. For the supported nickel adsorbent, the direct interaction between the heteroatom in the adsorbates and the surface nickel plays an important role. The adsorption selectivity on the activated alumina depends dominantly on the molecular electrostatic potential and the acidic–basic interaction. The activated carbon shows higher adsorptive capacity and selectivity for both sulfur and nitrogen compounds, especially for the sulfur compounds with methyl substituents, such as 4,6-methyldibenzothiophene. Hydrogen bond interaction might play an important role in adsorptive desulfurization and denitrogenation over the activated carbon. Different adsorbents may be suitable for separating different sulfur compounds from different hydrocarbon streams.
Vitamin D in Tuberculosis.

In 1926 in the course of our vitamin and calcification studies1, 2, 3 the question arose repeatedly as to whether vitamins play an important role in the etiology and treatment of tuberculosis. Ultra-violet light within recent years has been found of value in the treatment of intestinal tuberculosis; heliotherapy has been used with success in other forms of tuberculosis; calcification often is found in healed tuberculous lesions. These considerations suggested a possible linkage between tuberculosis and the vitamin D content of the diet.In the older literature, reviewed by Wells, DeWitt and Long,4 cod liver oil is mentioned as having value in tuberculosis. The beneficial results, sometimes obtained, may not have been due to the fat but to the vitamins present in the oil. The failures in the past may have resulted from the inability of the patient to tolerate the large amounts of fat which accompany the potent material in the oil. Or the patient may have been given cod liver oil devoid of vitamins.In the pr...
Cladistics of the Magnoliidae

A cladistic resolution is presented for the origin of the angiosperms based on a parsimony analysis of 49 taxa of Magnoliidae. Hamamelidae and Alismatidae, with gymnospermous outgroup comparisons for the polarization of 104 characters. The Magnoliidae is recognized as a paraphyletic assemblage of nine orders: Calycanthales, Magnoliales, Laurales, Illiciales, Lactoridales. Ranunculales, Aristolochiales, Piperales and Nymphaeales. The Calycanthaceae and Idiospermaceae are segregated as the new order Calycanthales, which is hypothesized to be the archetype for angiosperms. Excluding Winteraceae and Lactoridaceae, the Magnoliales is monophyletic. The Austrobaileyaceae is a first branch of Magnoliales, rather than lauralean. Excluding Amborellaceae and Calycanthales, the Laurales is monophyletic. The Chloranthaceae is a first branch of Laurales, rather than piperalean. The Amborellaceae and Winteraceae are early branches of Illiciales. The Lactoridaceae is isolated as the Lactoridales. Including Papaveraceae, the Ranunculales is monophyletic, with Lardizabalaceae as a first branch. The Ranunculales is more closely related to the Hamamelidae, forming the clade Tricolpates. The Aristolochiales, Piperales and Nymphaeales are successively more closely related to the Alismatidae, forming the clade Paleoherbs. The Nelumbonaceae are nymphaealean Paleoherbs, rather than Tricolpates. The Lactoridaceae is not a Paleoherb. These results support many aspects of the strobilar-flower hypothesis for the origin of the angiosperms, as well as the plesiomorphic character states of woody shrubs with simple, pinnatelyveined leaves.
Popular Support for Competitive Elections in the Soviet Union

Meaningful electoral competition was introduced into the Soviet Union beginning with the all-union elections of March 1989. Based on a survey representative of the Moscow oblast and a survey representative of the European USSR conducted in the spring of 1990, mass support for the institution of competitive elections is analyzed. Using the modernization approach to explaining regime liberalization, the author investigates the levels of this support, the extent to which it is diffuse versus instrumental, and analyzes relationships between support for competitive elections and key demographic and attitudinal indicators. Support for elections at the time of the survey was high, with a substantial diffuse component. In addition, those most enthusiastic about electoral competition are groups whose support is generally thought to be crucial for successful transitions from authoritarian rule.
Using scripted cooperation to communicate information about the consequences of alcohol and cocaine use

Fifty-two participants from undergraduate psychology classes at a private university were asked to study, either cooperatively or individually, information dealing with the consequences of using alcohol and cocaine. Objectives were to (a) determine the effect of cooperative study on recall, (b) assess personal reactions to the information presented, and (c) assess the effect of individual differences. Findings indicate that cooperative study can facilitate both recall of information as well as degree of understanding and confidence in dealing with persons using alcohol/cocaine; that the materials used were received positively; and that verbal ability may play a subtle role in college students' responses to alcohol/cocaine information
On the long-term behavior of SS Cygni

The complete historical light curve of the dwarf nova SS Cygni taken by the American Association of Variable Star Observers from September 27, 1896 to April 7, 1992 is examined. The data consist of 29,387 daily means based on 180,233 individual observations. The statistical properties of the outburst durations, quiescence intervals, and cycle times associated with the 705 outbursts which occurred during this time are investigated. No significant difference is found between the correlations of the duration of a burst with the length of the following cycle time and the duration of a burst with the length of the preceding cycle time. On the basis of long-term moving averages, the inverse relation between cycle time and quiescent magnitude pointed out by Warner (1987, 1988) is confirmed.
CCD Photometry of Galactic Globular Clusters. IV. The NGC 1851 RR Lyrae Variables

The variable-star population of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 1851 (C0512-400) has been studied by CCD photometry, from observations made in the B, V, and I bands during 1993–1994. Light curves are presented for 29 variables, seven of which are new discoveries. The behavior of the RR Lyrae stars in the period-temperature diagram appears normal when compared with clusters that bracket the NGC 1851 metallicity. Reddening and metallicity are reevaluated, with no compelling evidence being found to change from the values of E(B - V) = 0.02 and [Fe/H] = -1.29 (Zinn scale) adopted in recent studies of the cluster. Photometry is provided for stars in an annulus with radii 80'' and 260'' centered on NGC 1851. To at least V = 18.5 there is excellent agreement with the extensive earlier photometry for the brighter NGC 1851 stars, with systematics less than 0.02 mag in all colors. Instability-strip boundary positions for several clusters show a trend for the red boundary to move to redder colors as the metallicity increases.
A Survey of Assessment Practices in Accounting Departments of Colleges and Universities

Abstract This study reports the results of a 1999 survey of 164 chairs of accounting departments at institutions of higher education in the United States. It identifies assessment tools/techniques used by accounting departments, describes the focus of assessment processes, and reports how the outcomes of assessment activities were used. Institutions that awarded the doctorate degree had the most concern about meeting their responsibility to the public and to students. At schools accredited by the AACSB—The International Association for Management Education—accounting departments considered planning to be a purpose of assessment to a significantly greater extent than departments at schools accredited by other associations. At institutions accredited by the Association of Collegiate and Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), assessment results were used for instructional changes to a significantly greater extent than at departments accredited by the AACSB or by regional accreditation associations.
Ronald Reagan and Humor: A politician's velvet weapon

The use of humor was an important aspect of Ronald Reagan's rhetorical appeal. Three major theories of humor have been suggested in the development of the literature: the relief theory, involving emotional release of tension; the incongruity theory, where the cognitive functioning reacts to unexpected input; and the superiority theory, which holds that humor results from feeling superior to others, who may be considered disobedient or somehow “wrong.” The application of the theories to Reagan's humor shows how he used humor to criticize authority without being perceived as too harsh or negative, as well as to promote positive feelings from his audiences.
Neuronal Circuits Underlying Persistent Representations Despite Time Varying Activity

Summary Background Our brains are capable of remarkably stable stimulus representations despite time-varying neural activity. For instance, during delay periods in working memory tasks, while stimuli are represented in working memory, neurons in the prefrontal cortex, thought to support the memory representation, exhibit time-varying neuronal activity. Since neuronal activity encodes the stimulus, its time-varying dynamics appears to be paradoxical and incompatible with stable network stimulus representations. Indeed, this finding raises a fundamental question: can stable representations only be encoded with stable neural activity, or, its corollary, is every change in activity a sign of change in stimulus representation? Results Here we explain how different time-varying representations offered by individual neurons can be woven together to form a coherent, time-invariant, representation. Motivated by two ubiquitous features of the neocortex—redundancy of neural representation and sparse intracortical connections—we derive a network architecture that resolves the apparent contradiction between representation stability and changing neural activity. Unexpectedly, this network architecture exhibits many structural properties that have been measured in cortical sensory areas. In particular, we can account for few-neuron motifs, synapse weight distribution, and the relations between neuronal functional properties and connection probability. Conclusions We show that the intuition regarding network stimulus representation, typically derived from considering single neurons, may be misleading and that time-varying activity of distributed representation in cortical circuits does not necessarily imply that the network explicitly encodes time-varying properties.
Prospective evaluation of syncope

One hundred seventy patients with syncope presenting to an emergency department were studied prospectively. A checklist was used to supplement the physician's history and physical to ensure adequate recording of potentially useful data. Follow-up data were available in 89% of patients with a mean follow-up period of 6.2 months. Patients were categorized by presumed etiology using specific criteria. Typical vasovagal syncope occurred in 37.1% of patients. Other etiologies included first seizure (8.8%), orthostasis (7.6%), cardiac (4.1%), micturition (2.4%), hypoglycemia (1.8%), and psychogenic (0.6%). Syncope of unknown etiology accounted for 37.6% of the patients. The estimated duration of warning period was significantly shorter in patients with cardiac syncope compared to patients with vasovagal syncope. The yield of laboratory tests was low with the exception of the serum bicarbonate, which was decreased in 70% of our seizure patients. Recommendations regarding initial evaluation and admission are discussed.
Making it personal: information that adapts to the reader

This paper examines the considerations for presenting customized and personalized information within an online documentation library. It discusses what techniques are practical for such a library, within the constraints of delivery technology and user behavior. It illustrates techniques for implementing such features, and discusses lessons learned from using these features in a real product library.
Can Predictive Computation Reach the Level of Anticipatory Computing

Predictive computation is rapidly becoming the new focus of computer science and technological development. In some cases, under marketing pressure, it is characterised as ‘anticipatory computing.’ In other cases, computation is expected to deliver predictive phenotyping, or new materials that will behave according to predefined expectations. Since dealing with the future is significant from the perspective of acknowledging and preparing for change, concepts pertinent to describing the future take on importance. There is a pragmatic necessity for establishing a common understanding of various aspects of prediction: forecasting, premonition, guessing, inference, foretelling, prolepsis, expectation, etc. Technology affords new possibilities, such as wearables and mobile computation. However, technology does not substitute for a sense of direction.
Cancer associated retinopathy

Experimental data from basic research and experience accumulated from the clinical examination of patients who lose vision through the specific form of paraneoplastic retinopathy referred to as the...
Regulatory Roles for GTP-Binding Proteins in Nerve Terminals

Abstract During the past few years, some roles of GTP-binding proteins in the presynaptic terminal have started to be elucidated. Small GTP-binding proteins, such as rab3a and dynamin, are essential for controlling distinct steps in the cycling of synaptic vesicles, while heterotrimeric G proteins regulate calcium channels, potassium channels, and the secretory machinery either directly or through second messenger pathways. The recent demonstration that G protein-mediated modulation of N-type calcium channels of the presynaptic terminal requires intact syntaxin suggests that G protein regulation of neurotransmitter release may also show an interesting context dependence. Interesting new twists in the G protein story are just emerging.
Design and Evaluation of a Peptidyl Fluorescent Chemosensor for Divalent Zinc

The rapid analysis of trace metal cations for environmental and biomedical applications is particularly demanding since it requires the specific recognition of a particular element in the presence of numerous closely related species. While remarkable progress has been achieved for inorganic analytes, such as Ca^(2+), there is still a significant need for the genesis of new fluorosensors. In light of the selectivity and avidity with which proteins bind divalent metal cations, we have chosen to use a polypeptide architecture as the framework for metal ion recognition.In addition, our ability to manipulate synthetic polypeptides allows the coordinated integration of fluorescent reporters for signal transduction within a metal-binding peptidyl construct. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a selective fluorescent chemosensor, sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of Zn^(2+).
Visualization of Dendrimer Molecules by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Staining Methods and Cryo-TEM of Vitrified Solutions

Individual dendrimer molecules of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) from generation 10 (G10) to G5 were imaged by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after staining with aqueous sodium phosphotungstate. The dendrimers were resolved as separate, beam-stable entities, and their sizes and distribution of sizes were statistically analyzed and compared with data from small-angle X-ray scattering in solution. Aqueous G10 dendrimers were also characterized by examination in the frozen, hydrated state after quench-freezing in liquid ethane (cryo-TEM) and the data compared with the results of the staining experiments. To a first approximation, the dendrimers appeared circular in projection and the diameters conformed to a Gaussian distribution which broadened somewhat with increasing generation number. Cryo-TEM, in general, confirmed the staining experiments but suggested that, in the native state, there is more variability in the shapes of the dendrimers, with polyhedral shapes occurring quite frequently.
Derogation, Discrimination, and (Dis)Satisfaction With Jobs in Science A Gendered Analysis

In the current study of 353 science and engineering faculty members, we examined whether three types of gender-based mistreatment might “chill” individuals’ perceptions of the professional climate,...
Adverse Prognostic Significance of KIT Mutations in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(16) and t(8;21): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study

Purpose To analyze the prognostic impact of mutated KIT (mutKIT) in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)(p13q22) and t(8;21)(q22;q22). Patients and Methods Sixty-one adults with inv(16) and 49 adults with t(8;21), assigned to postremission therapy with repetitive cycles of higher dose cytarabine were analyzed for mutKIT in exon 17 (mutKIT17) and 8 (mutKIT8) by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing at diagnosis. The median follow-up was 5.3 years. Results Among patients with inv(16), 29.5% had mutKIT (16% with mutKIT17 and 13% with sole mutKIT8). Among patients with t(8;21), 22% had mutKIT (18% with mutKIT17 and 4% with sole mutKIT8). Complete remission rates of patients with mutKIT and wild-type KIT (wtKIT) were similar in both cytogenetic groups. In inv(16), the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was higher for patients with mutKIT (P = .05; 5-year CIR, 56% v 29%) and those with mutKIT17 (P = .002; 5-year CIR, 80% v 29%) compared with wtKIT pa...
Health, housing, and the heart: cardiovascular disparities in homeless people.

The interaction between housing and health is intimate and complex, yet little evidence exists with regard to the healthcare outcomes for people struggling to survive without housing. The study in this issue by Lee and colleagues1 not only exposes a resounding need for community-wide interventions to improve the cardiovascular health of homeless adults but also underscores the vexing challenges confronting researchers investigating the health disparities attendant to homelessness. See p 2629 Mortality rates of homeless adults in the United States and Canada have been shown to be 3 to 5 times higher than those of the general population.2,3 Homeless women in Toronto have a 10-fold risk of death when compared with housed women in that city.4 In our ongoing observational study of a cohort of 119 chronically homeless people living on the streets of Boston, almost one third died during a 5-year period from 2000 through 2004. Heart disease is a leading cause of death in older homeless people 45 to 64 years old, and despite other common causes of death in younger homeless people 25 to 44 years old, heart disease is 3 times more common in this group than in the age-matched general population.5 Risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease are potentially treatable targets in the prevention of morbidity and premature death in this high-risk subpopulation. The study by Lee et al shows, however, that …
US University Learner Attitudes towards Foreign Language Writing

Language acquisition research strongly suggests that writing is essential to modern language instruction. Current best practice dictates that some form of target language writing be part of almost every type of foreign language (FL) course. However, FL instructors often receive complaints from students concerning the writing required in different FL courses. Many instructors appear to believe that their students have negative attitudes towards FL writing, and that negative attitudes may hurt student motivation. This paper reports on a survey of 759 FL students enrolled at a midsized university in the western United States. These students were asked to describe their FL writing assignments, their personal FL writing, and their attitudes towards the importance of writing to their language acquisition. Results indicate overall very positive attitudes towards FL writing among these students, as well as plans reported by the majority of students to continue to write in their FL after college.
Imposition of frequency domain constraints in inverse electrocardiography

Inverse electrocardiography maps potentials measured on the torso surface onto the heart. Since this problem is ill-posed, additional constraint(s) are required to obtain a stable inverse solution. In this paper, multiple convex constraints are imposed on the inverse solution using an admissible solution approach. Here, in particular, the authors investigate the effect of imposing frequency domain constraints on the inverse solution.
Impact of doping and microstructure on quality factor of CVD diamond micromechanical resonators

The effect of doping and microstructure is explored on CVD diamond MEMS resonators. Hundreds of surface micromachined double ended tuning fork (DETF) resonators were fabricated in nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films deposited using hot filament CVD technique with varying levels of Boron doping. High resistivity (1926 MΩ·cm) NCD cantilevers and DETF demonstrated impressive Q-factors of 232,562 at f = 61.86 kHz and Q = 201,435 at f = 263.66 kHz, respectively. These Q's are the highest Q-factors yet reported for diamond resonators and the highest for cantilevers fabricated from any polycrystalline material. Higher boron doping resulted in reduced Q due to defect losses. Higher surface loss was observed in both MCD and NCD as doping increased. Observed Q-factors were almost the same for MCD and NCD at frequencies near 10 MHz.
Interactions between metals and microbial communities in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts.

The fate of toxic metals in marine sediments depends on a combination of the physical, chemical, and biologic conditions encountered in any given environment. These conditions may vary dramatically, both spatially and temporally, in response to factors ranging from seasonal changes and storm events to human activities such as dredging or remediation efforts. This paper describes a program designed to evaluate the interrelationships between the microbial community and pollutants in the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, area, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designated Superfund site. Research has focused on establishing distributional relationships between contaminant metals, fluxes of metals between sediments and the overlying water, changes in microbial diversity in response to metals, and potential use of the microbial community as a biomarker of contaminant availability. This research has shown that a significant flux of metals to the water column is mediated by benthic biologic activity, and that microbial communities may be a responsive marker of contaminant stress. A combination of biogeochemical studies and the use of molecular tools can be used to improve our understanding of the fate and effect of heavy metals released to aquatic systems.
Comparison of X-band MESFET and HBT class-E power amplifiers for EER transmitters

This paper presents a comparison of hybrid microwave class-E power amplifiers (PAs) using two types of active devices: GaAs MESFET and InP DHBT. The active devices have comparable periphery, are capable of delivering 20-21 dBm of output power at 10 GHz, with drain (collector) efficiencies in the range of 65%. Both PAs are characterized for envelope elimination and restoration technique (EER). Power, gain and efficiency sweeps, AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics, frequency sweeps and drain (collector) bias modulation properties are presented for the MESFET and HBT class-E PA.
CME Enduring Web Monograph: Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: The Emergency Department as a Pivotal Point of Care

Abstract During this interactive enduring CME activity, Emergency Department specialists will discuss common challenges of managing patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), including the integration of newer agents into the standard anti-infective mix. Decisions made at this pivotal point of care can affect both patient outcomes and hospital financial health. “Real-world” cases will be used to demonstrate strategies for stratifying risk according to severity; recognizing risk factors for multidrug-resistant CABP; discerning indications for hospital admission; and initiating early and appropriate antibiotic treatment within the parameters of clinical guidelines, evolving performance measures, and sound clinical judgment.