cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A moist aquaplanet variant of the Held–Suarez test for atmospheric model dynamical cores

Abstract. A moist idealized test case (MITC) for atmospheric model dynamical cores is presented. The MITC is based on the Held–Suarez (HS) test that was developed for dry simulations on “a flat Earth” and replaces the full physical parameterization package with a Newtonian temperature relaxation and Rayleigh damping of the low-level winds. This new variant of the HS test includes moisture and thereby sheds light on the nonlinear dynamics–physics moisture feedbacks without the complexity of full-physics parameterization packages. In particular, it adds simplified moist processes to the HS forcing to model large-scale condensation, boundary-layer mixing, and the exchange of latent and sensible heat between the atmospheric surface and an ocean-covered planet. Using a variety of dynamical cores of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), this paper demonstrates that the inclusion of the moist idealized physics package leads to climatic states that closely resemble aquaplanet simulations with complex physical parameterizations. This establishes that the MITC approach generates reasonable atmospheric circulations and can be used for a broad range of scientific investigations. This paper provides examples of two application areas. First, the test case reveals the characteristics of the physics–dynamics coupling technique and reproduces coupling issues seen in full-physics simulations. In particular, it is shown that sudden adjustments of the prognostic fields due to moist physics tendencies can trigger undesirable large-scale gravity waves, which can be remedied by a more gradual application of the physical forcing. Second, the moist idealized test case can be used to intercompare dynamical cores. These examples demonstrate the versatility of the MITC approach and suggestions are made for further application areas. The new moist variant of the HS test can be considered a test case of intermediate complexity.
Das Projekt "brauchwiki" als interdisziplinäre Schnittstelle für Geistes- und Bildungswissenschaftler [Praxisbericht]

Der vorliegenden Artikel beschreibt das interdisziplinare Forschungsprojekt www.brauchwiki.de. Kooperationspartner im Projekt sind neben dem Fach Europaische Ethnologie/Volkskunde, Universitat Augsburg, und dem Institut fur Medien- und Bildungstechnologie, ebenfalls Universitat Augsburg, der Bayerische Rundfunk, der Bayerische Landesverein fur Heimatpflege e. V. sowie das Bayerische Staatsministerium fur Unterricht und Kultus. Basierend auf dem Wiki-Prinzip wurde mit dem brauchwiki ein tool fur individuelles Datenmanagement und eine dynamische Lernplattform an der Schnittstelle zwischen Medien- und Geisteswissenschaften entwickelt.
The safety of treating the right middle lobe with bronchial thermoplasty

Background : Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an FDA approved procedure to treat severe asthma in adults. Studies have shown improved quality of life, decreased exacerbations, and decrease medication in many of the patients who receive this therapy. The original studies on BT did not include treatment of the right middle lobe. There were initial concerns that BT may cause inflammation, edema, or stenosis of the airway. Thus, the right middle lobe was not treated as it is the most vulnerable to damage due to its unique anatomical features. However, the AIR2 trial showed by computed tomography of the chest that BT does not cause any immediate or long term damage to the airways. At our institution we perform BT on the right middle lobe and are the first to report on this. Design: Retrospective review of one institutions experience with bronchial thermoplasty of the right middle lobe. Results : We reviewed the data of our first 10 BT patients treated over an 8 month time period. The right middle lobe was treated with the right lower lobe at the time of the first procedure. Direct examination or the right middle lobe 6 weeks later showed no airway narrowing by stenosis or bronchomalacia in any of the 10 patients. Six months later, no patient has experienced problems with stenosis or malacia of the right middle lobe. As in previous studies, there was no significant change in FEV1 and patients had similar improvements in quality of life scores as compared to previous studies (1.39 vs 1.35). Conclusion : The right middle lobe can safely be treated with BT. Longer term follow-up is needed to determine if there may be any additional benefit to including the right middle lobe.
Thymosin α1 treatment of chronic hepatitis B: Results of a phase III multicentre, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study

SUMMARY. Previous clinical trials have suggested that thymosin α1 (Tα1), an immunomodulatory peptide, may be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Tα1 in a multicentre, placebo-controlled and double-blind study of 97 patients with serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA- and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)positive CHB. Patients who had been hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive for at least 12 months entered a 3-month screening period prior to randomization. Forty-nine patients received Tα1 (1.6 mg) and 48 patients received placebo, twice weekly for 6 months, and were followed-up for an additional 6 months. At inclusion, both groups were comparable for age, gender, histological grading, and aminotransferase and HBV DNA levels. A complete response to treatment, defined as a sustained serum HBV DNA-negative status (two negative results at least 3 months apart) during the 12-month study, with negative HBV DNA and HBeAg values at month 12, was seen in seven (14%) patients given Tα1 and in two (4%) patients treated with placebo (P = 0.084). Five (10%) patients given Tα1 and four (8%) patients given placebo exhibited a delayed response (defined as sustained serum HBV DNA negativity achieved after the 12-month study period with negative HBV DNA and HBeAg values at the last assessment). A total of 12 (25%) patients given Tα1 and six (13%) patients given placebo showed a sustained loss of HBV DNA with a negative HBeAg value during or following the 12-month study period (P < 0.11). These results do not confirm observations of treatment efficacy reported in other clinical studies.
In-Cylinder Measurements of Wall Layer Hydrocarbons in a Spark Ignited Engine

Abstract The hydrocarbon emissions process for the conventional, spark ignited, IC engine has been studied experimentally using a rapid acting gas sampling valve mounted in the combustion chamber wall. The sampling valve was electrohydraulically actuated. Design of the valve specifically allowed sampling in the vicinity of the wall quench layer with minimum leakage and crevice contributions to the measured hydrocarbon concentrations. Experimental results presented give substantial evidence that hydrocarbons remaining in a wall quench layer are not a major source of exhaust hydrocarbon emissions. Measurements of species concentrations as a function of time in the cycle and sample flow rate indicate that after flame arrival and quenching at the cold walls, hydrocarbons in the quench layer are rapidly and extensively oxidized within 2 msec. By use of an analytical model for the gas flow profile into the sampling valve, conservative upper limit calculations have been made of the quench layer contribution to t...
Liquid chromatographic analysis in mouse, dog and human plasma; stability, absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the anti-HIV agent 2-chloro-5-(2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiin-3-yl carboxamido) isopropylbenzoate (NSC 615985, UC84)

Abstract NSC 615985 (UC 84) has demonstrated anti-HIV activity in the NCI–AIDS antiviral screen and was under consideration as an anti-AIDS drug. The compound was subsequently shown to be a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). An HPLC method was developed for the analysis of NSC 615985 in mouse, dog and human plasma; and was used to study its stability in plasma and blood as well as its absorption and metabolism in mice. The method involved precipitation of plasma protein with three volumes of methanol followed by HPLC analysis of the supernatant. The HPLC analysis was carried out on a reversed-phase Nova-Pak C 18 column with a mobile phase of KH 2 PO 4 (0.01 M; pH 4.8)-acetonitrile (52:48, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min −1 and quantification with a UV detector set at 259 nm. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.05 μg ml −1 in 1 ml of dog or human plasma or 0.1 μg ml −1 in 0.5 ml of mouse plasma. NSC 615985 was more stable in dog and human plasma than in mouse plasma, and was less stable in blood than in plasma of the three species investigated. Following bolus intravenous (IV) administration at 10 mg kg −1 to male CDF 1 mice, NSC 615985 elimination followed biexponential kinetics with half-lives of 1 and 7 min, and was extensively metabolized. NSC 615985 was very poorly absorbed following oral (PO) administration as a suspension in water or in 20% lipid emulsion (Liposyn II). Following bolus subcutaneous (SC) administration of [ 14 C]NSC 615985 at 10 mg kg −1 , relatively low concentrations of the parent compound were observed in three of 36 mice. One metabolite was tentatively identified in plasma of both the IV- and SC-treated animals as the sulfoxide of the parent compound. No parent compound was detected in the urine of NSC 615985 dosed mice. At least seven metabolites were present in urine; one metabolite (constituting 8–14% of urinary radioactivity) was tentatively identified as the carboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the isopropyl group from the parent compound. In summary, NSC 615985 was poorly absorbed following oral administration and extensively metabolized and eliminated following IV or SC administration. This unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile of NSC 615985 as well as its pattern of activity against NNRTI-resistant strains of HIV-1 precluded its progression to clinical trial; however, other members of the general chemical class are currently being evaluated by the NCI.
Application of esca and contact angle measurements to studies of surface activity in a fluoropolymer mixture

Abstract ESCA and contact angle measurements have been combined in a detailed study of the effect of surface-to-volume ratio or thickness on the surface composition of coatings of a mixture of two fluoroalkyl methacrylate polymers which differ in the length of their fluoroalkyl side chains. These measurements show that the polymer component with the longer side chain is surface active in the mixture. The surface concentration of this component was found to decrease with increasing surfaceto-volume ratio of the coating.
Metastasis or second nonocular tumor in retinoblastoma

A case of bilateral retinoblastoma treated by radiation therapy with the development of a second tumor in the irradiated area after three years is presented. This required an extensive complex resection with postoperative chemotherapy. It was not possible to differentiate between recurrent retinoblastoma and sarcoma. The literature on this complex situation has been extensively reviewed and is presented.
Encapsulation of thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase by mouse erythrocytes.

Abstract Murine carrier erythrocytes, prepared by hypotonic dialysis, were employed in the encapsulation of several compounds including [ 14 C ] sucrose , [ 3 H ] inulin , and bovine thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase (rhodanese), a mitochondrial enzyme which converts cyanide to thiocyanate. Approximately 30% of the added [ 14 C ] sucrose , [ 3 H ] inulin , and rhodanese was encapsulated by predialyzed erythrocytes, and a decrease in the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin was observed. In the encapsulation of rhodanese a recovery of 95% of the erythrocytes was achieved and an 85% equilibrium was established. The addition of potassium cyanide (50 m m ) to intact, rhodanese-loaded erythrocytes containing sodium thiosulfate resulted in its metabolism to thiocyanate. These results establish the potential use of erythrocytes as biodegradable drug carrier in drug antagonism.
Impact on rods of non-linear viscoplastic material—numerical and approximate solutions

Abstract A numerical technique is described for the solution of impact on finite rods in which the strain rate is assumed to be a function of stress and strain. Examples are given for the strain rate function taken as a power of the dynamic overstress and the results are compared with available analytic solutions and approximate uniform strain theory.
Structural inhomogeneity and twinning in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ superconductors: High-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements

The superconducting properties of ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{7\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (YBCO) are strongly dependent on atomic structure and composition. While the average structures of YBCO are well documented, the local oxygen concentration and ordering have received much less attention owing to the difficulty of experiments and analysis. We examined several samples of YBCO by quantitative high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and geometric phase analysis to determine their local atomic structure and symmetry. Our results reveal that adjacent domains separated by the (110) interfaces, commonly considered to be twin domains, can have different ${a}_{o}/{b}_{o}$ ratios. The domains, therefore, do not retain the ideal twinned configuration commonly expected for this system. Assuming the ${a}_{o}/{b}_{o}$ ratio is proportional to oxygen concentration, we suggest that these domains result from inhomogeneous oxygen distribution. Multiple measurements in both bulk and thin-film samples indicate that YBCO can consist of different phases, which may yield locally variable superconducting properties.
An experimental investigation of revealed environmental concern

Abstract This paper explores the determinants of revealed environmental concern. Specifically, the model proposed in this paper examines the connection between the willingness to sacrifice monetary well-being to support the environment and stated environmental concern, psychological predispositions, socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and pecuniary incentives. Empirical tests show that certain facets of stated environmental concern (such as New Environmental Paradigm, environmental-economic tradeoff, and participation in outdoor activities), psychological traits of trust and empathy, socio-demographic characteristics of gender and residence, as well as pecuniary incentives, including monetary benefits and opportunity costs, are good predictors of actual behavior in the revealed environmental concern experiment. The results support general external validity of environmental concern constructs. They also add to the discussion of what psychological factors drive individuals' actions benefiting the environment, which is of particular interest to environmental agencies and organizations. In addition, we find evidence of a common understanding of how much ought to be donated, as donations are less sensitive to external factors compared to actions based on monetary incentives. The results also demonstrate that an increase in the opportunity costs of donations leads to a very modest decrease in donations, which is good news for environmental agencies.
Visual-to-tactile mapping of facial movements for enriched social interactions

This paper presents a haptic interface for augmenting human-human interpersonal interactions by delivering facial expressions of an interaction partner to an individual using a visual-to-tactile mapping of facial action units. Pancake shaftless vibration motors are mounted on the back of a chair to provide vibrotactile stimulation in the context of a dyadic (one-on-one) interaction across a table. This work explores the design of spatiotemporal vibration patterns that can be used to convey the basic building blocks of facial movements according to the Facial Action Unit Coding System. A behavioral study was conducted to explore the factors that influence the naturalness of conveying affect using vibrotactile cues.
Multimodal signature modeling of humans

Georgia Tech been investigating method for the detection of covert personnel in traditionally difficult environments (e.g., urban, caves). This program focuses on a detailed phenomenological analysis of human physiology and signatures with the subsequent identification and characterization of potential observables. Both aspects are needed to support the development of personnel detection and tracking algorithms. The difficult nature of these personnel-related problems dictates a multimodal sensing approach. Human signature data of sufficient and accurate quality and quantity do not exist, thus the development of an accurate signature model for a human is needed. This model should also simulate various human activities to allow motion-based observables to be exploited. This paper will describe a multimodal signature modeling approach that incorporates human physiological aspects, thermoregulation, and dynamics into the signature calculation. This approach permits both passive and active signatures to be modeled. The focus of the current effort involved the computation of signatures in urban environments. This paper will discuss the development of a human motion model for use in simulating both electro-optical signatures and radar-based signatures. Video sequences of humans in a simulated urban environment will also be presented; results using these sequences for personnel tracking will be presented.
Herpes simplex virus infections in the newborn

Abstract Neonatal infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a serious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The precise incidence of neonatal herpes is not known because the disease is not subject to mandatory reporting, but estimates range from 1 per 3500 to 1 per 20,000 live births. 1 With the dramatic increase in incidence of genital herpes in the United States it is possible that the frequency of herpes neonatorum will show a corresponding rise. Newborns infected with HSV who do not receive antiviral therapy may have a fatality rate as high as 80%. 2 The small percentage of infants who survive the infection generally have severe neurologic sequelae. With the development of effective antiherpes agents it is anticipated that both the mortality and the morbidity will be significantly reduced in infants who are identified early and treated promptly. In contrast to cytomegalovirus, HSV very rarely crosses the placenta to cause an infection in utero . The vast majority of HSV-infected infants acquire the virus during the birth process. 3 This means that the infected infant who is identified soon after delivery has the greatest likelihood of a favorable outcome. The first sign of infection in most infants is characteristic skin vesicles, which should be an indication for immediate antiviral therapy. The objective of this report is to review the current state of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of neonatal herpes infections.
The N-terminal domain of the reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase is not essential for enzymatic activity but contains determinants for membrane binding.

The rabbit reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase is capable of oxygenating biomembranes and lipoproteins without the preceding action of ester lipid cleaving enzymes. This reaction requires an efficient membrane binding, and the N-terminal β-barrel domain of the enzyme has been implicated in this process. To obtain detailed information on the structural requirements for membrane oxygenation, we expressed the rabbit wild-type 15-lipoxygenase, its β-barrel deletion mutant (catalytic domain), and several lipoxygenase point mutations as His-tagged fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and tested their membrane binding characteristics. We found that: (i) the β-barrel deletion mutant was catalytically active and its enzymatic properties (KM,Vmax, pH optimum, substrate specificity) were similar to those of the wild-type enzyme; (ii) when compared with the wild-type lipoxygenase, the membrane binding properties of the N-terminal truncation mutant were impaired but not abolished, suggesting a role of the catalytic domain in membrane binding; and (iii) Phe-70 and Leu-71 (constituents of the β-barrel domain) but also Trp-181, which is located in the catalytic domain, were identified as sequence determinants for membrane binding. Mutation of these amino acids to more polar residues (F70H, L71K, W181E) impaired the membrane binding capacity of the recombinant enzyme. These data indicate that the C-terminal catalytic domain of the rabbit 15-lipoxygenase is enzymatically active and that the membrane binding properties of the enzyme are determined by a concerted action of the N-terminal β-barrel and the C-terminal catalytic domain.
Absorbing Filters and High-Temperature Optical Pyrometry

It is shown by calculations based on spectral transmission data that Chance ON30 neutral and Corning Pyrometer Brown glasses may be used as constant-absorption absorbing filters in optical pyrometry to measure indefinitely high-luminance temperatures with calculable accuracy. In the case of Chance ON30 glass below 2500°K, the constant absorption was confirmed by direct calibration using a rotating sectored disk.Corrections have been calculated to 8000°K, to change from temperatures based on Wien’s law to temperatures based on Planck’s law. A number of minor precautions necessary to achieve the greatest possible accuracy have been noted and standard-deviation accuracies have been calculated for high temperatures.The theory of optical pyrometry has been developed, in an appendix, in a form suitable for discussion of high-temperature measurements.
Delipidation and reactivation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase from rat liver

Abstract UDPglucuronosyltransferase was solubilized by treating Wistar rat liver microsomes with deoxycholate. Chromatography of this preparation on Bio-Gel P-30 resulted in extraction of 92% of phospholipids and complete loss of enzyme activity. UDPglucuronosyltransferase was reactivated by dialysing this delipidated preparation in the presence of lecithin, a mixture of liver microsomal lipids or microsomal preparations from livers of UDPglucuronosyltransferase-deficient Gunn rats. Virtually complete enzyme reactivation was obtained with regard to glucuronidation and glucosidation of bilirubin; however, the inactivation of UDPglucuronosyltransferase with p-nitrophenol as substrate was irreversible. These findings demonstrate that UDPglucuronosyltransferase with bilirubin as substrate is a lipid-requiring enzyme.
The Local Economy Movement: An Alternative to Neoliberalism?

The economic turmoil of the last 2 years has shown that hyper-globalized capitalism is inherently crisis prone, and that it has been unable to create sustainable prosperity. Unfortunately, the left has failed to convincingly refute Margaret Thatcher’s assertion that “there is no alternative.” There is, however, a growing social movement that aims to promote small, locally-scaled enterprises. This essay argues that the local economy movement can potentially provide a unifying principle for a new progressive agenda. However, localizers must take seriously the possible loss of gains from trade. In addition, it is important to resist a naive localism that romanticizes the local while ignoring action at other scales.
Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse detected at dynamic MRI in women without history of pelvic floor dysfunction: comparison of two reference lines.

Aim To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse as an incidental finding on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using two different references lines. Materials and methods Sixty women with symptoms unrelated to pelvic floor dysfunction who underwent MRI including a dynamic sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state free precession (TrueFISP) sequence during straining were identified. Two radiologists in consensus used the pubococcygeal line (PCL) and mid-pubic line (MPL) to diagnose and grade prolapse in all three pelvic compartments. Results Cystocele was absent, mild, moderate, and severe in 88% (53/60), 7% (4/60), 5% (3/60), and 0% (0/60) of patients, respectively, using PCL, versus 78% (47/60), 13% (8/60), 5% (3/60), and 3% (2/60) of patients, respectively, using MPL. Vaginal prolapse was absent, mild, moderate, and severe in 95% (57/60), 5% (3/60), 0% (0/60), and 0% (0/60) of patients, respectively, using PCL, versus 80% (48/60), 17% (10/60), 3% (2/60), and 0% (0/60) of patients, respectively, using MPL. Rectal descent was absent, mild, moderate, and severe in 63% (38/60), 10% (6/60), 23% (14/60), and 3% (2/60) of patients, respectively, using PCL, versus 43% (26/60), 27% (16/60), 27% (16/60), and 3% (2/60) of patients, respectively, using MPL. No enterocele, peritoneocele, or muscular defect was identified. Two percent (1/60) of patients had mild rectocele, 8% (5/60) had abnormal vesico-urethral angle, and 25% (15/60) had abnormal levator plate angle. Conclusion In asymptomatic women, dynamic MRI identified the greatest degrees of prolapse in the posterior compartment. The MPL consistently yielded greater frequency of prolapse than the PCL. Findings of pelvic organ prolapse may be observed in asymptomatic patients and are of uncertain significance, requiring correlation with clinical and physical examination findings.
The Effects of Brief Mindfulness Training on Caregivers' Well-Being

This study investigated the effects of brief mindfulness training on caregivers for family members with dementia. Eleven caregivers completed 4 hours of mindfulness training. Using mixed methods in a parallel model, survey data were gathered preintervention, postintervention, and 1 month postintervention; qualitative interviews were conducted 1 month postintervention. Findings include increased acceptance, presence, peace, and hope, and decreased reactivity and caregiver burden resulting from brief mindfulness training. Activity professionals working with dementia caregivers can be of service through delivery of or referrals for mindfulness training. This intervention appeared to balance caregivers' doing, being, and becoming.
The Textual Tradition of Theophilus of Antioch

does not imply that the first two books cannot have circulated separately at an earlier date, or that the materials used in those books (especially in the second book) cannot have been derived from or used in other treatises such as his lost work against Marcion. When we find later writers apparently making use of the first book or the first two books we cannot be certain that they know the third, and when they apparently employ materials derived from the second book they may be using the treatise against Marcion, for the second book has many anti-Marcionite statements in it.
Studies on Phenolic Steroids in Human Subjects. XIV. Fate of a Nitrogen Mustard of Estradiol-17β

Estracyt, a conjugate of estradiol-17β (E2) and a nitrogen mustard, is a compound which recently has been found to be of value in the treatment of cancer of the prostate. The present study concerned itself with the fate of labeled Estracyt administered 1) either as a mixture of 3H-Estracyt, labeled in the estrogen moiety, and 14C-E2 or 2) as doubly labeled Estracyt with 3H in the E2 and 14C in the carbamate part. These studies were performed in the human and baboon, with biliary excretion studies being performed in the latter. In the human studies with the singly labeled Estracyt, it was shown that about 10–15% of the compound is hydrolyzed in such a fashion as to yield E2, which is then metabolized and conjugated similarly to the 14C-labeled E2; and that the excretory pattern in the urine of the released E2, including the CCD pattern, did not differ materially from that of the 14C-E2, though it was excreted at about ⅓ the rate of the 14C-E2. The remainder of the injected Estracyt was not accounted for. N...
The impact of disasters on small business disaster planning: a case study

A major flood in 1997 forced the evacuation of Grand Forks, North Dakota and caused damage of USD 1 billion. Despite this recent disaster there is only marginal evidence of an increase in disaster recovery planning by businesses that experienced the flood. This finding is consistent with the results of other business-related disaster research. Statistical tests of survey results from 2003 indicate that there is a significantly higher rate of disaster recovery planning in businesses started since the 1997 flood than in businesses started before the flood and still in business. Such an outcome indicates a need for public policy actions emphasizing the importance of disaster planning. Improved disaster planning is an aid to business recovery and the results demonstrate the need for more widespread efforts to improve disaster recovery planning on the part of smaller businesses, even in areas that have recently experienced disasters.
QCD calculation of the leading particle contribution to high p⊥π0 production in πp collisions

Abstract We estimate the contribution of πq→πq scattering to large p⊥ pion production and conclude that this subprocess probably does not make a significant contribution in present experiments.
The role of Th17-associated cytokines in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)

The proinflammatory and pathogenic function of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases have been established but the mechanism by which such cells cause disease remains to be determined. Inflammatory cytokines produced by Th17 cells may either promote or inhibit disease development. The major cytokines produced by the uveitogenic T cells, such as IL-17 and IL-22, are not always pathogenic, and the disease-inducing ability of pathogenic T cells is not immediately correlated to the amount of cytokine they produce. Future studies identifying factors causing increased Th17 responses and determining the types of cells that regulating Th17 autoreactive T cells should facilitate our effort of understanding Th17-mediated disease pathogenesis.
Zero-phonon lines and electron-phonon coupling of charge transfer triplet states: Naphthalene-TCPA

Abstract Two different kinds of triplet trap systems in naphthalene-TCPA single crystals show very different electron-phonon coupling parameters. It is argued that this phenomenon is due to the different magnitude of charge transfer in the excited state; this assumption is supported by a model calculation based on a Coulombic excited state interaction.
An object-oriented design for a dataflow simulator

Dataflow is a data-driven, parallel, functional execution model. Dataflow machines are being investigated as an alternative approach for high-performance machines. Unfortunately such machines are not widely available for testing purposes. This paper presents an object-oriented design for a dataflow simulator. Such a simulator provides a tool to investigate dataflow models and algorithms.
In vitro effects of progestins on DNA synthesis in metastatic endometrial carcinoma

Abstract Fifteen tumor specimens from 14 patients with endometrial carcinoma have been analyzed by short-term incubation in vitro for rate of DNA synthesis and effects of progesterone, 17αOH-progesterone, and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Highly significant inhibition of DNA synthesis was found in 2 of 14 specimens with progesterone 10 μg/ml, and in 5 of 12 specimens with progesterone 50 μg/ml. The effects with progestins showed a wide variation; in a few cases, there was even a suggestion of stimulation. Of nine patients with metastatic disease receiving progestin therapy alone or combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, whose tumor specimens were studied in vitro with progesterone 50 μg/ml, a trend was apparent which could indicate that a clinical therapeutic response is more likely to occur in patients who show a good in vitro response than in those in whom the response is moderate or absent. Tumor progression and its relation to hormone responsiveness is discussed, and it is suggested that progesterone could be the more adequate drug rather than progestins in the clinical management of advanced disease.
Dopamine sulfate formation and phenol sulfotransferase activity in dog and human platelets

Abstract High performance liquid chromatography with radioactive flow detection was used to examine the accumulation and sulfoconjugation of dopamine by human and dog platelets. Platelets from both species accumulated similar amounts of dopamine from the incubation medium, but only human platelets were found to convert 3 H-dopamine to 3-H-dopamine sulfate. This difference between the two species was associated with a relative absence of phenol sulfotransferase activity in dog platelets as compared to human platelets. Dog platelets did not appear to contain an inhibitor of phenol sulfotransferase activity. Despite the apparent difference in the ability of platelets to form dopamine sulfate, concentrations of dopamine-3-0-sulfate and dopamine-4-0-sulfate were similar in dog and human plasma. These data suggest that platelets may represent a potential source of at least some of the dopamine sulfate found in human plasma, but not in dog plasma.
Retrograde Amnesia: Production of Skeletal but Not Cardiac Response Gradient by Electroconvulsive Shock

Rats given a single electroconvulsive shock immediately after but not 60 seconds after an aversive conditioning trial exhibited behavioral retention deficits 24 hours later in a one-trial passive avoidance task. In contrast to these differential performance deficits, similar heart-rate changes, indicative of fear retention, were seen in punished animals irrespective of the time of delivery of the shock. These data suggest retention of a generalized fear to the training experience that was not revealed by the behavioral measure. The potential usefulness of concomitant behavioral and physiological response assessment in consolidation research is discussed.
Interracial Marriage: A Picture of the Japanese Americans.

The most outstanding fact about Japanese American marriage patterns prior to the 1960s was that Japanese tended to marry predominately within their own group. However, a review of past studies and an analysis of current rates of intermarriage indicate that this pattern is rapidly changing. Outgroup rates approaching 50 percent for Japanese American marriages occur in areas as diverse as Hawaii, Los Angeles, Fresno, and San Francisco. The varying rates and patterns of Japanese outmarriages are discussed.
Statistical Aspects of Rock Property Depth Series: The Trend is not Your Friend

The presence of trends in rock property depth series (or time series) complicates common statistical analyzes such as regression and correlation coefficient analysis. If ignored, trended data can lead to unreliable regression results and, in some cases, to completely spurious relationships. The correlation coefficient between trended depth series is an unreliable measure of similarity. Where the correlation coefficient is used to make parameter decisions–such as in Extended Elastic Impedance analysis– the data should be detrended prior to computation of the correlation coefficient. Linear regression between two trended depth series is valid only if the residuals of the fit are not found to have a trend. If the residuals have a trend then we must conclude that the model is misspecified and that the regression coefficients so obtained are biased. Different techniques can be used to decompose depth series into trended and relative (detrended) components where the relative component is suitable for statistical analysis purposes.
Resolving MRI lesions in lupus erythematosus selectively involving the brainstem

An adolescent girl with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with selective brainstem dysfunction as the initial sign of central nervous system involvement. Although computed tomography was initially normal, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple, large brainstem lesions. Serial magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed resolution of most of these lesions, correlated with a good clinical outcome. We postulate that this magnetic resonance imaging pattern represents microinfarction with surrounding edema.
Hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in Peromyscus genetically deficient in alcohol dehydrogenase

1. 1. Hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was measured in two strains of deermouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. 2. 2. There is no difference in the subcellular distribution of ALDH activity in the two strains. Animals of AdhNAdhN genotype, lacking liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), had 90% of total ALDH activity in the mitochondrial fraction compared to 94% for the AdhFAdhF animals with normal ADH activity. Almost all of the remaining ALDH activity was in the hepatic cytosol with less than 1% in the microsomal fraction. 3. 3. By contrast, in mice (Mus musculus) 43% of total hepatic ALDH activity was found in the cytosolic fraction and 55% in the mitochondrial. 4. 4. It was concluded that the subcellular distribution of hepatic ALDH activity in Peromyscus does not vary with the presence or absence of ADH and that this ALDH distribution is not similar to that reported for other rodents.
“Scattered as Christians Are in This Part of Our Country”: Layfolk's Reading, Writing, and Religious Community in New England's Northern Frontier, 1780–1830

A far-reaching literate culture united northern New England's laity during the early republic and gave rise to a religious public sphere in which distant believers found spiritual sustenance. In a region where religious institutions were fragile, reading and writing supplemented churchgoing and formed a cornerstone of religious life and community.
Effects of antioxidants on metabolism of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons

Abstract A number of antioxidants have been shown to inhibit the neoplastic effects of a variety of chemical carcinogens. Some of these antioxidants such as BHA and BHT are widely distributed in the environment, and it is possible that they could play a role in diminishing the impact of exposures to chemical carcinogens. The mechanism or mechanisms of these inhibitions have not been established. Two major categories seem likely: (a) some type of direct interaction between antioxidant and reactive species of carcinogen and (b) an indirect effect. Using BHA as the antioxidant and BP as the carcinogen, studies of this latter possibility have been initiated. The metabolism of BP by liver microsomes in female A/HeJ mice fed a control diet or a diet containing BHA was studied. AHH activity was not changed by BHA feeding. However, the measurement of other parameters demonstrated that BHA feeding altered the microsomal system metabolizing BP. Incubation of BP and calf thymus DNA with liver microsomes from BHA-fed mice showed about half the binding of BP metabolites to DNA as compared to that of controls. The AHH activity of mice fed BHA was much more sensitive to in vitro inhibition by α-naphthoflavone than that of controls. The amount of cytochrome P-450 was increased per unit weight of microsomal protein and liver in mice fed BHA. The ethyl isocyanide binding spectra were measured to see if alterations of cytochrome P-450 might be produced by BHA feeding. The maximum at 430 mμ was the same in control and BHA-fed mice. However, the maximum at 455 mμ was lower in BHA-fed mice than in controls, which indicated that BHA had caused some change. These data show that BHA feeding results in altered properties of liver microsomes, including a decrease in BP metabolite binding to DNA.
The effects of high fat diet on reproduction in female rats.

Female rats who had been made obese on a protein-supplemented high fat diet were mated. Impaired estrous cycling prevented conception in nearly half the experimental females. The young who were born to the remaining experimental mothers were lighter in birth weight. Most were cannibalized within the first week postpartum. Observation of mother-young interactions revealed a high level of pup licking. The disruptions in reproductive behaviors are similar to those reported in females whose obesity is a consequence of hypothalamic lesion.
MO‐G‐18C‐02: Flow Quantification Quality Assurance for Multiple MR Scanners Using Power Injector

Purpose: To evaluate a flow quantification QA method on multiple MR scanners with different magnetic field strength from different manufacturer. Methods: Our previous study proposed a low-cost, reliable and convenient MRI flow quantification QA method based on a simple and compact flow contrast phantom and a power injector. Five different MR scanners (Siemens MAGNETOM Espree 1.5T, Aera 1.5T and Skyra 3T; GE Optima MR450w 1.5T and Discovery MR750w 3T) were used to test the reproducibility and sensitivity of the QA method. Flow phantom phase contrast images were acquired at magnetic field isocenter for all the MR scanners. Eight repeated acquisitions and measurements were performed on each scanner. In addition, off-center effects were tested on Siemens Espree and two GE scanners. Results: The positive flow rates measured at isocenter of five MR scanners range from +1.84± 0.01 mL/s to +2.01± 0.02 mL/s, within 8% difference from the 2mL/s flow rate provided by the power injector. The negative flow rate measured at isocenter range from −1.89± 0.01 mL/s to -2.14± 0.03 mL/s, within 7% difference from 2mL/s flow rate. Flow rate measures were most affected by off-center effect when the flow phantom was shifted 12 cm transversely and 12 cm longitudinally from the isocenter. For GE Optima scanner, positive flow of +1.53± 0.01 mL/s was measured, which is 24.5% difference from power injector flow rate. For GE Discovery scanner, negative flow of −2.68± 0.02 mL/s was measured, which is 34% difference from 2mL/s flow rate. Conclusion: This QA method was sensitive enough to detect flow quantification difference between scanners. Flow quantification errors at locations away from magnetic field isocenter due to the worse gradient fidelity can be detected by our flow quantification QA method. In conclusion, flow phantom coupled with power injector is presented to be a widely available, consistent and low cost flow quantification method.
The assortment problem: A survey

The assortment or catalog problem involves determining which of the possible set of sizes or qualities of some product should be stocked when it is not possible or desirable to stock all of them and substitution in one direction (larger for smaller or higher-quality for lower-quality) is possible at some cost. We review the work published on this topic over the last 50 years.
Safety concerns in ultrahigh pressure capillary liquid chromatography using air-driven pumps.

Ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is an emerging technique which utilizes pressures higher than 10 000 p.s.i. to overcome the flow resistance imposed when using very small particles as packing materials in fused-silica capillary columns (1 p.s.i.=6894.76 Pa). This technique has demonstrated exceptionally high separation speeds and chromatographic efficiencies. However, safety is a concern when extremely high pressures are used. In this study, the safety aspects of capillary column rupture during operation were identified and carefully evaluated. First, liquid jets may be formed as a result of blow-out of the on-column frits or from rupture of the capillary at or near the column inlet. Second, incorrect installation of the capillary at the injector, failure of the ferrule used in the capillary connection, or rupture of the capillary can produce high speed projectiles of silica particles or column fragments. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory to produce liquid (water) jets and capillary projectiles using a UHPLC system, and the power density, an important parameter describing water jets in industrial practice, was calculated. Experimental results were in accordance with theoretical calculations. Both indicated that water jets and capillary projectiles under ultrahigh pressures might lead to skin penetration under limited conditions. The use of a plexiglass shroud to cover an initial length of the installed capillary column can eliminate any safety-related concerns about liquid jets or capillary projectiles.
Packet Loss Visibility of View+Depth Compressed Stereo 3D Video

We conduct a human observer experiment on the visibility of fixed-sized packet losses in compressed 3D videos. The stereo videos are encoded using view+depth based on H.264/AVC. A prediction model of the visibility score is built with features extracted from the video. Results show good accuracy of the model.
Transforming Texts Constructive Processes in Reading and Writing

This article considers the complex processes involved in readers' and writers' construction of textual meaning: how people construct meaning from texts through reading and for texts through writing. Building meaning through reading entails organizing, selecting, and connecting. Readers use previously acquired knowledge to operate on textual cues, organizing mental representations that include material they select from the text and connect with material they generate. This constructivist characterization of the reading process extends also to literate acts in which people are writers as well as readers, those acts in which they compose texts by drawing from textual sources. To meet their discourse goals, writers perform textual transformations associated with the operations of organizing, selecting, and connecting as they appropriate source material for uses in different communicative contexts. They dismantle source texts and reconfigure content they select from these sources, and they interweave the sourc...
The Role of Causality in Information Acceptance in Narratives: An Example From Science Communication

Narratives represent a powerful and ubiquitous form of communication that influence what individuals believe about the world. While the field of narrative persuasion investigates how narratives affect attitudes and behaviors, it rarely considers structural variables discussed in the field of discourse psychology. This study examines the utility of bridging these fields by testing the persuasive influence of novel science information relative to the internal causal structure of a narrative. Results suggest that information placed at causal locations of a narrative result in greater acceptance of information than the same information placed at noncausal locations within the same narrative. These findings suggest that the within-narrative variable of causality can influence the persuasive impact of information inserted into a narrative. In response, this study identifies a significant source of variance that has thus far been overlooked in studies of narrative persuasion.
Toxicity of metals to the earthworm Eisenia fetida

Development of methods to measure the effect of man's residuals on soil ecosystems is desirable. Earthworms, as one of the largest and most easily obtained components of the soil biota, are suitable for evaluating perturbations to soil ecosystems. The impact of five metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) on the survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) was evaluated using the contact and artificial soil tests. There was no difference in toxicity between the different metal salts (acetate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate) of each of the five metals using the contact test. In the contact test, the order of toxicity, from most toxic to least toxic, was Cu > Zn > Ni ≈ Cd > Pb. The nitrate salt of the five metals was tested using the artificial soil test and the order of toxicity, from most toxic to least toxic, was Cu ≈ Zn ≈ Ni > Cd > Pb. Stress on earthworm populations, as shown by weight loss, was shown to increase with increasing concentrations of metal salts. These studies indicate that: (a) earthworms can be a suitable biomonitoring tool to assist in measuring the effect of metals in wastes added to soils and (b) the contact and artificial soil tests can measure the biological impacts.