cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching the Essentials of “Well-Child Care”: Inspiring Proficiency and Passion

Before the pediatric clerkship, most medical students learn to take a patient history starting with the “chief complaint.” Upon encountering their first pediatric patients, students quickly recognize that they are not prepared to ask the appropriate follow-up questions when the chief complaint is “well-child visit.” In this article, we present a practical method for teaching medical students how to approach pediatric health supervision visits that build upon their existing clinical skills. Primary care pediatricians address the health care needs of each child in the context of their family and community. They acknowledge the important ways in which social and psychological determinants of health impact wellness. Clinical teachers of pediatrics can inspire future physicians to use patient-centered communication skills to address the needs and priorities of families by making explicit the different aspects of a pediatric health supervision visit that include the following: 1. Identifying patient and family concerns by practicing a structured communication strategy. 2. Using reliable resources to identify the established priorities for each age and access most up-to-date anticipatory guidance recommendations. 3. Delivering prioritized anticipatory guidance that is specific to each patient within his or her community. A useful strategy for approaching the conversation with parents and children is for students to: “Elicit and ask…then assess, prioritize, and advise.”1 Clinical preceptors should explain the importance of eliciting patient and family concerns by asking open-ended questions. Then, with feedback on their ability to assess the most important issues, preceptors ask students to prioritize which topics to address and then together, advise the family accordingly. Eliciting concerns through open-ended questions creates the essential foundation for the health supervision visit.2 Recent studies have demonstrated that using a patient-centered communication style with open-ended questions is not only time-effective but allows for greater adherence to the current standards for well-child … Address correspondence to Erin K. Balog, MD, CDR, MC, USN, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. E-mail: erin.balog{at}usuhs.edu
Sex Differences in Neurological Outcomes and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery A Society of Thoracic Surgery National Database Report

Background—The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether women undergoing cardiac surgery are more likely to suffer neurological complications than men and whether these complications could explain, at least in part, their higher perioperative mortality. Methods and Results—The Society of Thoracic Surgery National Cardiac Surgery Database was examined for the years 1996 and 1997 to determine the frequency of new neurological events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, or coma) occurring after cardiac surgery. We reviewed clinical information on 416 347 patients (32% women) for whom complete neurological outcome data were available. New neurological events after surgery were higher for women than for men (3.8% versus 2.4%, P=0.001). For the whole group, the 30-day mortality was higher for women than for men (5.7% versus 3.5%, P=0.001), and among those patients who suffered a perioperative neurological event, mortality was also significantly higher for women than men (32% versus 28%, P=0.001). After adju...
The Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan Machine

The measurement of lifespan pervades aging research. Because lifespan results from complex interactions between genetic, environmental and stochastic factors, it varies widely even among isogenic individuals. The action of molecular mechanisms on lifespan is therefore visible only through their statistical effects on populations. Survival assays in C. elegans provided critical insights into evolutionarily conserved determinants of aging. To enable the rapid acquisition of survival curves at arbitrary statistical resolution, we developed a scalable imaging and analysis platform to observe nematodes over multiple weeks across square meters of agar surface at 8 μm resolution. The method generates a permanent visual record of individual deaths from which survival curves are constructed and validated, producing data consistent with the manual method for several mutants in both standard and stressful environments. Our approach allows rapid, detailed reverse-genetic and chemical screens for effects on survival and enables quantitative investigations into the statistical structure of aging.
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) locomotion during a sounding rocket flight

Abstract The locomotor activity of young Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) was studied during a Nike-Orion sounding rocket flight, which included a short-duration microgravity exposure. An infrared monitoring system was used to determine the activity level, instantaneous velocity, and continuous velocity of 240 (120 male, 120 female) fruit flies. Individual flies were placed in chambers that limit their motion to walking. Chambers were oriented both vertically and horizontally with respect to the rocket's longitudinal axis. Significant changes in Drosophila locomotion patterns were observed throughout the sounding rocket flight, including launch, microgravity exposure, payload re-entry, and after ocean impact. During the microgravity portion of the flight (3.8 min), large increases in all locomotion measurements for both sexes were observed, with some measurements doubling compared to pad (1 G) data. Initial effects of microgravity were probably delayed due to large accelerations from the payload despining immediately before entering microgravity. The results indicate that short-duration microgravity exposure has a large effect on locomotor activity for both males and females, at least for a short period of time. The locomotion increases may explain the increased male aging observed during long-duration exposure to microgravity. Studies focusing on long-duration microgravity exposure are needed to confirm these findings, and the relationship of increased aging and locomotion.
Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Sulfur-Doped Silicon

We observe an insulator-to-metal transition in crystalline silicon doped with sulfur to nonequilibrium concentrations using ion implantation followed by pulsed-laser melting and rapid resolidification. This insulator-to-metal transition is due to a dopant known to produce only deep levels at equilibrium concentrations. Temperature-dependent conductivity and Hall effect measurements for temperatures $Tg1.7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ both indicate that a transition from insulating to metallic conduction occurs at a sulfur concentration between 1.8 and $4.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Conduction in insulating samples is consistent with variable-range hopping with a Coulomb gap. The capacity for deep states to effect metallic conduction by delocalization is the only known route to bulk intermediate band photovoltaics in silicon.
Traveling Theta Waves in the Human Hippocampus

The hippocampal theta oscillation is strongly correlated with behaviors such as memory and spatial navigation, but we do not understand its specific functional role. One hint of theta's function came from the discovery in rodents that theta oscillations are traveling waves that allow parts of the hippocampus to simultaneously exhibit separate oscillatory phases. Because hippocampal theta oscillations in humans have different properties compared with rodents, we examined these signals directly using multielectrode recordings from neurosurgical patients. Our findings confirm that human hippocampal theta oscillations are traveling waves, but also show that these oscillations appear at a broader range of frequencies compared with rodents. Human traveling waves showed a distinctive pattern of spatial propagation such that there is a consistent phase spread across the hippocampus regardless of the oscillations' frequency. This suggests that traveling theta oscillations are important functionally in humans because they coordinate phase coding throughout the hippocampus in a consistent manner. Significance statement: We show for the first time in humans that hippocampal theta oscillations are traveling waves, moving along the length of the hippocampus in a posterior-anterior direction. The existence of these traveling theta waves is important for understanding hippocampal neural coding because they cause neurons at separate positions in the hippocampus to experience different theta phases simultaneously. The theta phase that a neuron measures is a key factor in how that cell represents behavioral information. Therefore, the existence of traveling theta waves indicates that, to fully understand how a hippocampal neuron represents information, it is vital to also account for that cell's location in addition to conventional measures of neural activity.
d-MUSIC, a real time algorithm for estimating the DOA of coherent sources using a single array snapshot

d-MUSIC estimates the DOA of two closely spaced sources using a single array snapshot. To overcome the coherent signal problem d-MUSIC utilizes additional information, specifically the derivative of an array snapshot. The combined vector set produces a full rank signal space projector. The algorithm nearly attains the Cramer-Rao bound for typical air traffic control problems. As it does not require a subspace decomposition (e.g., eigenstructure) and all operations are highly vectorized it can be readily implemented in real-time. The algorithm is tested using vertical linear array data with a low flying helicopter. With a spacing of 16% to 35% of a beamwidth between the direct and surface reflected rays, the d-MUSIC RMS error is 9.6% of a beamwidth for the 4 data collections while MUSIC resolved the two rays for 2 of the 4 cases with a RMS error of 18.1%.
Shoulder Joint Dislocation as an Unusual Complication of Defibrillation Threshold Testing Following Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation

A 53-year-old man underwent implantation of a totally subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD; Boston Scientific). He was positioned supine, with the left arm abducted, externally rotated (i.e. palm up) and strapped to the arm extender. The generator was placed in the left mid-axillary line along the 5th-6th intercostal spaces and the defibrillation coil was tunneled anterior to the sternum. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing with 65 Jcaused a forceful pectoralis twitch. The patient woke up with a painful anteriorly dislocated left shoulder. Glenohumeral dislocation due to DFT testing has not been previously reported. It is likely that this complication is specific to the S-ICD implantation, and is related to positioning with the arm abducted, externally rotated, and immobilized, and use of greater defibrillation energy with current pathway through the bulk of the pectoralis muscle.Precautions may include extending the arm palm down, strapping the arm loosely, and adduction of the arm for DFT testing.
Emergency department crowding: consensus development of potential measures.

Abstract Study objective We identify measures of emergency department (ED) and hospital workflow that would be of value in understanding, monitoring, and managing crowding. Methods A national group of 74 experts developed 113 potential measures using a conceptual model of ED crowding that segmented the measures into input, throughput, and output categories. Ten investigators then used group consensus methods to revise and consolidate them into a refined set of 30 measures that were rated by all 74 experts, who used a magnitude estimation technique on a Web site. Each measure was compared with a standard to obtain numeric ratings for feasibility, affordability, early warning potential, long-term planning potential, a summary rating of operational usefulness, and research potential. After review of the comprehensiveness of the resulting measures, 8 additional measures were developed and also rated by all reviewers. Results The original set of 113 measures (46 input, 35 throughput, and 32 output) was reduced to 38 through the iterative revision and rating process (15 input, 9 throughput, and 14 output). Summary scores in each rating category showed significant variation in ratings among the various potential measures. For measures that address similar concepts, the priority ranking depended on the rating category chosen. Conclusion The final 38 measures of ED and hospital workflow provide a useful pool from which EDs and policymakers can draw to improve their ability to understand and address the issue of ED crowding. These measures require rigorous testing for feasibility, reliability, and value.
Fusion of Psychiatric and Medical High Fidelity Patient Simulation Scenarios: Effect on Nursing Student Knowledge, Retention of Knowledge, and Perception

High fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) has become an increasingly popular teaching methodology in nursing education. To date, there have not been any published studies investigating HFPS scenarios incorporating medical and psychiatric nursing content. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design to assess if HFPS improved student knowledge and retention of knowledge utilizing three parallel 30-item Elsevier HESITM Custom Exams. A convenience sample of 37 senior level nursing students participated in the study. The results of the study revealed the mean HESI test scores decreased following the simulation intervention although an analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined the difference was not statistically significant (p = .297). Although this study did not reveal improved student knowledge following the HFPS experiences, the findings did provide preliminary evidence that HFPS may improve knowledge in students who are identified as “at-risk.” Additionally, students responded favorably to the simulations ...
Spurious mode suppression in UHF micromechanical extensional wine-glass ring resonators

A geometry-specific excitation configuration has been used to suppress all undesired spurious modes around the center frequencies of stand-alone micromechanical extensional wine-glass ring ("ext. WGR") resonators, previously demonstrated at frequencies up to 1.47-GHz with Q's > 2,000 as stated in Y. Xie et al. (2003). Using this technique, spurious modes at 406.7, 418, and 419 MHz, normally observed near the resonance of a 415-MHz ext. WGR, have been removed, as have all spurious modes within at least a 50% bandwidth region around the resonance. In removing unwanted modes, this technique solves one of the most encumbering issues with ring-type (as opposed to disk-type in J. Wang et al. (2004)) GHz resonators, and paves the way for their use in the micromechanical oscillator and filter circuits targeted for future wireless transceivers based on C. T.-C. Nguyen (2004).
Cluster ion formation in isothermal ramped field-desorption of amorphous water ice from metal surfaces

Water vapor deposited onto metal surfaces below 80 K in UHV is desorbed by applying a ramped electric field under isothermal conditions between 33 and 140 K. The onset of desorption for physisorbed amorphous ice is measured and lies between 110 MV/cm at 33 K and 40 MV/cm at 140 K. The positive ions formed during the desorption process are analyzed in a mass spectrometer. The dominant mass species are protonated clusters of 1 and 2 water molecules (H,O H+ and (H,O), Hf) at 33 K, and clusters of 3, 4, and 5 water molecules at 140 K. The change in mass species with increasing desorption temperature is attributed to a combination of increased surface mobility and a lower electric field required for desorption at higher temperatures. The experiment suggests that an amorphous ice layer behaves as an ionic conductor in electric fields greater than 40 MV/cm. Evidence for the annealing behavior of amorphous ice at - 110 K is presented.
Association of the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: genetic analysis of the Milwaukee longitudinal study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable and common disorder that partly reflects disturbed dopaminergic function in the brain. Recent genetic studies have shown that candidate genes involved in dopamine signaling and metabolism contribute to ADHD susceptibility. We have initiated genetic studies in a unique cohort of 158 ADHD and 81 control adult subjects who have been followed longitudinally since childhood in the Milwaukee study of ADHD. From this cohort, genetic analysis was performed in 105 Caucasian subjects with ADHD and 68 age and ethnicity-matched controls for the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR, the SLC6A3 (DAT1) 3' UTR VNTR, dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) TaqI A polymorphism, and the DBH GT microsatellite repeat polymorphism that has been quantitatively associated with serum levels of DBH activity, but not previously studied in ADHD. Results indicate a significant association between the DBH TaqI A1 allele and ADHD (P = 0.018) with a relative risk of 1.33. The DBH GT repeat 4 allele, which is associated with high serum levels of DBH, occurred more frequently in the ADHD group than controls, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Associations were not found with the SLC6A3 10 repeat or DRD4 7 repeat alleles. These results indicate that the DBH TaqI A allele, or another polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with this allele, may confer increased susceptibility towards ADHD.
Fast equalization for large lithium ion batteries

Slight differences between the series connected cells in a lithium ion (LiIon) battery pack can produce imbalances in the cell voltages, and this greatly reduces the charge capacity. These batteries cannot be trickle-charged like a lead acid battery since this would slightly overcharge some cells and may cause these cells to ignite. Therefore, an electronic equalizer (EQU) should be used to balance the cell voltages individually. The targeted EQU described herein can be connected to any cell via a set of sealed relays to provide much faster equalization and higher efficiency than previous methods.
Sex Work for the Middle Classes

Drawing from fieldwork and interviews with middle-class sex workers, this essay considers the relationship between the class-privileged women and men who are increasingly finding their way into sex work and more generalized patterns of economic restructuring. How has the emergence of new communications technologies transformed the meaning and experience of sexual commerce for sex workers and their customers? What is the connection between the new `respectability' of sexual commerce and the new classes of individuals who now participate in commercial sexual transactions? This essay concludes by exploring some of the key transformations that are occurring within middle-class commercial sexual encounters, including the emergence of `bounded authenticity' (an authentic, yet bounded, interpersonal connection) as a particularly desirable and sought-after sexual commodity.
The Pattern of Chromosome Folding in Interphase Is Outlined by the Linear Gene Density Profile

Spatial organization of chromatin in the interphase nucleus plays a role in gene expression and inheritance. Although it appears not to be random, the principles of this organization are largely unknown. In this work, we show an explicit relationship between the intranuclear localization of various chromosome segments and the pattern of gene distribution along the genome sequence. Using a 7-megabase-long region of the Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 as a model, we observed that the six gene-poor chromosome segments identified in the region interact with components of the nuclear matrix to form a compact stable cluster. The six gene-rich segments form a spatially segregated unstable cluster dependent on nonmatrix nuclear proteins. The resulting composite structure formed by clusters of gene-rich and gene-poor regions is reproducible between the nuclei. We suggest that certain aspects of chromosome folding in interphase are predetermined and can be inferred through in silico analysis of chromosome sequence, using gene density profile as a manifestation of “folding code.”
Algebraic Structures Associated to Orbifold Wreath Products

We present structure theorems in terms of inertial decompositions for the wreath product ring of an orbifold presented as the quotient of a smooth, closed manifold by a compact, connected Lie group acting almost freely. In particular we show that this ring admits λ-ring and Hopf algebra structures both abstractly and directly. This generalizes results known for global quotient orbifolds by finite groups.
Mobility Reduces Uncertainty in MANETs

Evaluating and quantifying trust stimulates collaboration in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Many existing reputation systems sharply divide the trust value into right or wrong, thus ignoring another core dimension of trust: uncertainty. As uncertainty deeply impacts a node's anticipation of others' behavior and decisions during interaction, we include uncertainty in the reputation system. Specifically, we use an uncertainty metric to directly reflect a node's confidence in the sufficiency of its past experience, and study how the collection of trust information may affect uncertainty in nodes' opinions. Higher uncertainty leads to higher transaction cost and reduced acceptance of communication and cooperation. After defining a way to reveal and compute the uncertainty in trust opinions, we exploit mobility, one of the important characteristics of MANETs, to efficiently reduce uncertainty and to speed up trust convergence. A two-level mobility assisted uncertainty reduction scheme (MAURS) that offers controllable trade-off between time and cost to achieve a convergence objective of trust is also provided. Extensive analytical and simulation results are presented to support our proposal.
Illinois Trauma Centers and Intimate Partner Violence: Are We Doing Our Share?

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major source of morbidity and mortality nationally. Trauma Centers can be very helpful for victims of IPV but there may be variability in IPV resource provision. A survey was mailed to each of the 65 Trauma Centers in Illinois. Stata and EZ-Text statistical software were used for analysis. Eighty-three percent of trauma centers returned the survey. Ninety percent of respondents had an IPV screening policy. All but one Center reported having IPV services available, including social work (93%) and 24 hour/day IPV teams (7%). Most Centers felt their IPV services were adequate (69%), but 22% felt services were inadequate, particularly resource availability. Trauma Centers in the state of Illinois are generally succeeding at screening for IPV. However, there is lack of uniformity with respect to screening and services, suggesting that there is room for improvement.
Regional variation in transport of pancreatic polypeptide across the blood-brain barrier of mice

Blood-borne pancreatic polypeptide (PP) affects pancreatic secretion indirectly by acting through the central nervous system (CNS). PP, which is apparently not synthesized by brain, must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach areas such as the cerebellum, an area rich in PP receptors, and to account for the PP found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We used multiple-time regression analysis to measure the unidirectional influx constant (Ki) into brain of intravenously injected radioiodinated PP (I-PP). The Ki was 1.15 (10(-3)) ml/g.min and was inhibited by unlabeled PP but not by tyrosine. HPLC showed that radioactivity in the brain was mostly intact I-PP. Up to 0.065% of the injected dose entered each gram of brain with preferential entry into the cerebellum and the pons-medulla. Capillary depletion confirmed that intact I-PP penetrated the BBB. I-PP exited the brain by a nonsaturable process. These results show that I-PP crosses the BBB by a saturable system to reach its receptors behind the BBB.
Influence of greenhouse versus field testing and taxonomic differences on plant sensitivity to chemical treatment

Data present in the PHYTOTOX data base were analyzed to determine the influence of greenhouse vs. field conditions, and of taxonomic differences on the response of terrestrial plants to a wide range of herbicides. In the greenhouse vs. field analysis, consideration was given to the response of 13 plant species to 1 or more of 17 chemicals. The influence of taxonomic differences was examined by comparing the response of 151 plant species (43 families) to 1 or more of 16 chemicals representing 11 different classes of herbicides. Analysis of this large body of comparative data drawn from approximately 230 published papers would not have been feasible without the use of computerized data assembled in PHYTOTOX. These analyses showed that the magnitude of variability between laboratory and field data was 1.8 with a confidence interval of ±0.4. In comparison to this a similar analysis of data pertaining to a broad spectrum of taxonomically different plants showed that the mean sensitivity ratio was 10.5 with a confidence interval of 3.5. Thus, this study indicates that taxonomic differences among plants have a much greater influence on plant response to chemical treatment than does testing condition (greenhouse vs. field).
A POINT OF FIXITY MODEL FOR PILE AND SHAFT BENTS

Pile bents are often used in bridge foundation systems. These sub- structural elements are constructed by installing a row of piles and connecting them with a concrete cap. A common design practice is to use a point of fixity approach which idealizes the soil-pile system as a cantilever of a particular length, forming a single column in an elastic frame. In this paper, current design practices are reviewed, and a new method for calculating point of fixity is developed for engineers who must consider separate single pile lateral analyses and elastic frame analyses. The proposed approach better matches the maximum moments and displacements obtained from non-linear analysis for a pile in the foundation system that is subjected to the lateral loading applied to the bridge. An example that compares a pile bent designed as an equivalent elastic frame with a nonlinear analysis is presented. Comparative results show the elastic frame model with two equivalent lengths (based on transverse and longitudinal loading conditions) satisfactorily matches results from nonlinear analysis, while a frame with a single point of fixity, based on deepest equivalent length, provides a conservative approximation of the nonlinear model.
The Rear Mirror

I vividly remember how pleased I was when Circulation Research published my first papers, one on the ventricular refractory period following changes in heart rate and another on the dual inputs into the atrioventricular node, in 1969. I thought then that Circulation Research was the top journal for basic research in the cardiovascular field, and I still think so today. Many things have changed since then, and much progress has been made. Still, it is wise to remember the words of the Austrian writer Robert Musil: “Progress could be wonderful, if only it would stop.” I often felt like that when trying to follow the explosive developments in molecular biology, and I am very happy that Circulation Research now has a section on Integrative Physiology. I feel at home there. Browsing through the 1969 volumes, I came across an Editorial by Julius H. Comroe, Jr, in the October issue: “Answers to a Congressman’s Questions.” After reading it, I realized that in some areas things have not changed much. The issue at hand was a reduction in NIH funding for medical research, and some questions had emerged: “Can’t we fire the 16% who receive ALL their salary from research grants without influencing the teaching …
On nongeodesic radial accretion

In view of the importance of accretion as an astrophysical process associated with the detection and observation of black holes, we study nongeodesic radial accretion in the Schwarzschild geometry. The motion of the accreting matter is assumed to be such that an observer at infinity sees the particles fall at polynomial velocities. We demonstrate the existence of compression shock waves in large classes of fluids whose equations of state supply the nongravitational forces required to maintain such motions.
Playing the Advantage Card: Shared Knowledge of Favorable Negotiation Asymmetries and Effects on Early Concessions

How do negotiators react when they have one of two types of favorable asymmetry? A laboratory study examined the effects of having helpful inside information, favorable Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement (BATNA), or neither on the magnitude of negotiator concessions during the early part of a negotiation. Participants (N = 158) were randomly assigned to either a favorable inside information or BATNA asymmetry or a symmetric condition to test directly whether different types of asymmetries (inside information and BATNA) only exert effects on yielding when others' knowledge of the asymmetry is consistent with operation of that asymmetry. Results indicated that when participants believed others were aware of their favorable asymmetry, BATNA exerted an effect on yielding, whereas when participants believed others were not aware of their favorable asymmetry, inside information affected yielding. Implications for negotiation theory and research are discussed.
A 60 Element Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System

We describe an instrumentation system which provides the capability to monitor a large number of Bragg gratings using a common source and scanning narrowband filter. The system described has the capability to monitor 12 FBG sensors along each of 5 fibers for a total of 60 sensor elements.
PS-342 Mother’s Depressive Symptoms And Their Communities’ Social Capital

Background Previous studies have documented the association between mothers’ personal social support and mothers’ depressive symptoms. Maternal depressive symptoms have a pernicious effect on women’s ability to function effectively as a mother. This study expands the concept of mothers’ ‘social connectedness’ to include mothers’ perception of their communities’ support capital. Methods 612 mothers were recruited to participate in this cross sectional study from 11 community general paediatric practices. Social capital was assessed using the Social Capital Scale (SCS) and mothers’ depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Depression Scale (CESD). The SCS has five factors. The local IRB approved this study. Results About 3/4 of mothers were married or had a live in partner, 2/3 were white, median family income was $30,000, mothers’ average years of school was 13 years. The total SCS score and scores for each of the five factors were all significantly inversely correlated (Spearman) with total score and the CESD (p = 0.0001). Total CESD and total SCS (r = -0.275). Belonging to the community factor was slightly stronger (r = -302) than total SCS. While statistically significant, the remaining four factors all had correlations with the total CESD of around -0.2 or less. Conclusions This study found that, beyond mothers’ personal social network, a sense of belonging to the community is an important factor associated with mothers’ depressive symptoms. Future studies should include longitudinal assessments of social capital and depressive symptoms to understand better the relation among personal social support, community social capital and depressive symptoms over time.
Laboratory Assessment of the Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on Native Lepidoptera

The effect of 2 formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Foray 48B and Dipel 8AF) was evaluated on 42 species of native Lepidoptera in laboratory bioassays using instars that are present in the field at the time of gypsy moth suppression applications. Mortality was significant for 27 of the 42 species evaluated against Foray 48B, and 8 of 14 species evaluated against Dipel 8AF. Susceptible species were noted in 5 of 6 families assayed—Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Saturniidae, and Noctuidae. The 1 species treated in the Lymantriidae family was not susceptible to B. thuringensis . Treated individuals that survived for a week were likely to reach adulthood. Intrageneric differences in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis were recorded among 8 species of Catocala and 3 species of Lithophane assayed. Of the 18 species assayed as 1st or 2nd instars, mortality was significant, usually exceeding 95%. By contrast, 9 of 11 species not susceptible to B. thuringiensis were assayed as penultimate or ultimate instars. However, species susceptible to B. thuringiensis were found in both early and late instars.
Local Government Leaders Say Most Employees are Not Overpaid, Though Some Benefits May Be Too Generous

This report presents Michigan local government leaders’ assessments of their jurisdictions’ current employee compensation levels (pay and benefits), as well as retiree pension and benefit obligations. It is intended to inform policy discussions in Lansing as well as in local communities statewide, as debate intensifies on restructuring public sector employee compensation in Michigan. Findings in the report are based on statewide surveys in the Spring 2010 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS).
Discontinuing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Current Understanding and Future Directions

BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically transformed the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Given the impressive and sustained response to TKI therapy that the majority of treated patients with CML enjoy, recent studies have explored the potential to achieve treatment-free remission in select patients, which may allow these patients to escape the adverse clinical and financial effects associated with life-long TKI therapy. The results of multiple prospective trials have demonstrated that patients who maintain a deep molecular response for at least 2 years with TKI treatment may be eligible for trial of TKI discontinuation. Mounting data indicates that approximately 40% of those who discontinue therapy on trial will remain in remission at least 1 year after TKI discontinuation; the majority of patients with molecular recurrence relapse within the first 6 months after TKI discontinuation, and TKI retreatment is highly effective in restoring response. Sokol score, duration of TKI therapy, depth of molecular response, and the presence of natural killer cells may all be associated with a higher probability of attaining treatment-free remission. Moving forward, emerging data from ongoing TKI discontinuation trials will allow for appropriate selection of patients with CML eligible for this approach, will expand our current understanding of the CML stem cell, and identify therapeutic interventions capable of effectively deleting the malignant hematopoietic stem cell.
Gynecological and Obstetrical Aspects of Exercise

Publisher Summary Increasing interest in female reproductive physiology has risen among sports medicine specialists as a result of the growth in women's athletic participation. This chapter presents the gynecological and obstetrical aspects of exercise in women. In caring for women athletes, it is essential to remember the importance of exercise in the lifestyle of each athlete. Women who are advised to stop exercising to correct their problems seek another physician or avoid medical care altogether. Both competitive and casual athletes are susceptible to a number of gynecological problems. The main issues that have received much publicity in this matter are menstrual irregularity and amenorrhea, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, menstrual cramps, heavy bleeding, premenstrual syndrome, contraception, infertility, urinary incontinence, pelvic and vaginal infections, sanitary protection, breast concerns, and postoperative training. Women athletes at all degrees of participation need the understanding of informed and concerned physicians and coaches.
Communication About End-of-Life Health Decisions

Most end-of-life research assumes that effective communication is critical to the delivery of high-quality end-of-life health care, but less is known about what constitutes effective end-of-life communication. In this review, I synthesize literature on improving advance directive completion, physician training, and family communication about end-of-life issues. I demonstrate how this work has produced mixed results about what makes end-of-life communication more or less effective because this research has remarkably little grounding in a communication perspective. I conclude by arguing that communication scholars, especially those utilizing a multiple goals approach, are well positioned to take end-of-life research in new directions that will improve end-of-life practice.
Explanatory Indispensability and Deliberative Indispensability: Against Enoch's Analogy

In this note, I discuss David Enoch's influential deliberative indispensability argument for metanormative realism, and contend that the argument fails. In doing so, I uncover an important disanalogy between explanatory indispensability arguments and deliberative indispensability arguments, one that explains how we could accept the former without accepting the latter.
A CMOS-MEMS Micromirror With Large Out-of-Plane Actuation

This paper reports a high-aspect-ratio, silicon-based vertical comb drive used to actuate a micromirror. The large displacement is achieved by the curled-up comb drives. This high-aspect-ratio vertical comb drive uses the vertical capacitance gradient of the sidewall capacitor existing between comb fingers. The electrical isolation is realized by using the undercut of the deep Si etch. The 1 mm by 1 mm micromirror is made of an approximately 40 ~m-thick single-crystal silicon membrane with aluminum coated on the surface. The mirror has a peak-to-peak curling of 0.5 ~tm. The mechanical rotation angle of the mirror is 4-5°. The fabrication process is compatible with standard CMOS processes, and there is no need for wafer bonding and accurate front-to-backside alignment. Such capability has potential applications in optical switches, optical scanners, interferometric systems, and vibratory gyroscopes.
Prediction of Opioid Analgesic Efficacy by Measurement of Pupillary Unrest.

BACKGROUND:Pupillary unrest under ambient light (PUAL) is the fluctuation in pupil diameter in time around a mean value. PUAL is augmented by light and diminished by administration of opioids. We hypothesized that, because pupillary unrest is a marker of opioid effect, low levels of PUAL may be asso
Finite Element Modeling of Bolted Connections for a Steel Sculpture

Connections are the glue that holds steel structures together. In practice, a structure is constructed by connecting various members such as I-beams, columns, channels (c shapes), angles (L shapes), and hollow cylinders. In practice, to connect these members bolts or welds are used. Moreover, depending on the design loading requirements, a steel connection can be classified into three broad categories, namely, axial connection, shear connection, and moment connection. The engineer has to calculate the deformation and stress of every connection to make sure the connection is not subjected to values that are greater than the design limit. The analysis of bolted connection is complex and local stresses are difficult to visualize. This paper used ANSYS, a well-known finite element program to analyze bolted connections and their failure modes – such as web local yielding, bolt shear strength, tension rupture, and flexural yielding. Two modeling approaches were taken: (i) 2-D modeling using non-contact elements, and (ii) 3-D modeling with contact elements were considered. For 3-D models, solid bolted model, and contact pairs were created. The advantage of the 2-D modeling is that it is simple, and it takes only a few seconds to solve the problem. On the other hand, the 3-D modeling with contact elements is more complicated and results in a set of nonlinear set of equations that requires much longer run time. The finite element models used in this study are intended as visual tools to enhance the understanding of local deformations and stresses in connections, which students and some faculty may find difficult to picture.
Is a Computerized Adaptive Test More Motivating Than a Fixed-Item Test?

Computer adaptive tests provide important measurement advantages over traditional fixed-item tests, but research on the psychological reactions of test takers to adaptive tests is lacking. In particular, it has been suggested that test-taker engagement, and possibly test performance as a consequence, could benefit from the control that adaptive tests have on the number of test items examinees answer correctly. However, previous research on this issue found little support for this possibility. This study expands on previous research by examining this issue in the context of a mathematical ability assessment and by considering the possible effect of immediate feedback of response correctness on test engagement, test anxiety, time on task, and test performance. Middle school students completed a mathematics assessment under one of three test type conditions (fixed, adaptive, or easier adaptive) and either with or without immediate feedback about the correctness of responses. Results showed little evidence fo...
Ontogeny and Oncology

The expression oncology recapitulates ontogeny connotes that normality in one context may be anomaly in another.
World Trade Center Asthma

More than 40,000 individuals were exposed to particulate matter following the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks. This population has increased rates of asthma and worsening of preexisting asthma. WTC asthma is on the spectrum of disorders ranging from reactive airways dysfunction to irritant-induced asthma. It is a non-immunologic phenomenon, with direct airway epithelial damage causing release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Risk factors for development of WTC asthma relate predominantly to the magnitude of irritant exposure.
Surface-plasmon optomagnetic field enhancement for all-optical magnetization switching (Conference Presentation)

The demand for faster magnetization switching speeds and lower energy consumption has driven the field of spintronics in recent years. Whereas spin-transfer-torque and spin-orbit-torque interactions exemplify the potential of electron-spin-based devices and memory, the switching speed is limited to the ns regime by the precessional motion of the magnetization. All-optical magnetization switching, based on the inverse Faraday effect, has been shown to be an attractive method for achieving magnetization switching at ps speeds. Successful magnetization reversal in thin films has been demonstrated by using circularly polarized light. However, a method for all-optical switching of on-chip nanomagnets in high density memory modules has not been described. In this work we propose to use plasmonics, with CMOS compatible plasmonic materials, to achieve on-chip magnetization reversal in nanomagnets. Plasmonics allows light to be confined in dimensions much smaller than the diffraction limit of light. This in turn, yields higher localized electromagnetic field intensities. In this work, through simulations, we show that using surface plasmon resonances, it is possible to couple light to nanomagnets and achieve significantly higher opto-magnetic field values in comparison to free space light excitation for the same incident intensity. We use two well-known magnetic materials Bismuth Iron Garnet (BIG) and Gadolinium Iron Cobalt (GdFECo) and couple these nanomagnets to a plasmonic resonator made of Titanium Nitride. Our simulation results show 10 times enhancement in the opto-magnetic field for BIG and about 3 times for GdFeCo in the coupled structure compared to free-space excitation. Our simulations also show the possibility of having in-plane components of the opto-magnetic field in the coupled structure which might prove beneficial for switching in nanomagnets with canted magnetization.
Slavery after Rome, 500–1100

Alice Rio has written a fine book about slavery in Western Europe by analyzing her subject with refreshing thematic chapters rather than geographical regions or chronological units. The six chapter...
The Visitation Dilemma in Court Consultation

What are the “best interests” of the child in conflicts over visitation rights? Mental health consultants to the courts are often called upon to deal with this question. Research on the issue is di...
Does Mandibular Distraction Change the Laryngoscopy Grade in Infants With Robin Sequence

Purpose To review a series of infants with Robin sequence (RS) who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) at the authors' institution and document changes in pre- and postoperative laryngoscopy grades. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients with RS who underwent MDO from March 2005 to June 2017 were identified. Patients were included if they had a preoperative polysomnogram confirming obstructive sleep apnea, had failed nonoperative airway management, had undergone MDO by the senior author (C.M.R.), and had complete documentation. Patients were excluded if they did not have a laryngoscopy performed (ie, tracheostomy dependent) or if there was insufficient information in their medical record. Variables included demographic data, operative information, and laryngoscopic details at 3 time points: before MDO (T0), at device removal (T1), and at latest follow-up laryngoscopy (T2). Descriptive statistics were computed. Significance was set at a P value less than .05. Results Twenty-two infants with RS underwent MDO during the study period and 13 of these met criteria for inclusion. Mean age at MDO (T0) was 19.6 ± 38.8 weeks. Mean ages at device removal (T1) and latest follow-up laryngoscopy (T2) were 28.2 ± 41.5 and 62.7 ± 49.6 weeks, respectively. Three patients had Stickler syndrome; the others had nonsyndromic RS. Mean apnea-hypopnea index was 23.6 ± 16.6 preoperatively and 0.3 ± 0.7 after MDO (P = .011). At T0, a grade IIb laryngoscopic view was most common (46.1%) and only 3 patients (23.1%) had a grade I view. At T1, most patients (69.2%) had a grade I view and only 2 (14.4%) had a grade of IIb or worse (P = .011). At T2, all but 1 patient had a grade I view. Conclusion In addition to resolving obstructive apnea, MDO is associated with an improvement in the grade of laryngoscopic view. This could increase airway safety at home and improve ease of intubation for future operations.
The Role of Family Support in Interparental Conflict and Adolescent Academic Achievement

Family support was examined as a mediator of the relation between interparental conflict and adolescent academic achievement. Results indicated that two dimensions of family support, family cohesion and parent–school involvement, mediated the relation between interparental conflict and academic achievement. The results further suggested that family support was more likely to function as a mediator for girls than for boys. Lastly, in the presence of a mediating effect, a direct path remained between interparental conflict and grade point average.