cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autobiographical memory: Influence of right hemisphere damage on emotionality and specificity

This study investigated the ability of right hemisphere damaged (RHD) patients to recall autobiographical material in response to emotional versus nonemotional cues. A modified Crovitz paradigm was used in which patients were asked to recall a specific episode from their own life that related to a cue word. These episodes were rated for emotionality and specificity by independent raters. Patients also rated the emotionality of their own episodes. Independent raters judged the reports of the RHD patients as less specific and less emotional than those of matched nonneurologic control subjects. This was true for episodes in response to emotional as well as nonemotional cue words. RHD patients' own ratings of these episodes, however, did not differ from those of controls. These findings are discussed in terms of RHD patients' overall difficulties in processing emotional material and in terms of the nature of autobiographical memory.
STOCHASTICALLY GATED CHEMICAL REACTIONS

This article derives a Smoluchowski theory for the irreversible, diffusion-influenced, stochastically gated reaction P* + L* → ⌀ (inert) between a protein P* and its ligand L*, with the ligand in excess, [P] ≪ [L]. Protein gating P* ⇄ P (P unreactive) is contrasted with ligand gating L* ⇄ L (L unreactive). It is shown explicitly, even for non-Markovian gating or a finite number N of ligand molecules (without N → ∞), that if the reaction and gating kinetics are comparable, ligand-gated reactions always proceed faster than the corresponding protein-gated reactions. The reaction P* + L* → ⌀ is mathematically equivalent to the special case n = 0 of + L* → + ⌀ (n = 0, 1, 2, ...). The reaction + L* → + ⌀ might, for example, model reactions between an enzymatic protein molecule and its ligands, where the subscript n on P* counts the number of ligands irreversibly processed by the protein. A simple zero-correlation approximation is used to derive and generalize the Zhou−Szabo approximation for protein-gated react...
Simulation of oil spills from underwater accidents I: Model development

A three-dimensional comprehensive numerical model is developed to simulate the behaviour of buoyant oil jets that result from underwater accidents. The numerical model is developed based on a Lagrangian integral technique. The model can simulate the behaviour of oil in stratified or unstratified ocean environments. Both the shear induced entrainment and the forced entrainment are considered in the model. The presence of a multi-directional ambient current is considered. The fluid in the buoyant jet can be a liquid, gas or liquid/gas mixture, which is typical of many underwater oil-related accidents. The model formulation includes the diffusion and dissolution of oil from the jet to the ambient environment. This paper presents the model development including the governing equations and the numerical discretization. A companion paper presents the verification of the model and applications to several cases.
Octahedral metal carbonyls. XXV. Kinetics and mechanism of reactions of (ethylenedisphosphine)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) with lewis bases

Abstract Kinetic data for reactions of (P-en)Mo(CO) 4 (P-en = ethylenediphosphine, H 2 PC 2 H 4 PH 2 ) with phosphines and phosphites (L) in mesitylene solvent at 108–135° suggest three competing mechanisms, depending upon the Lewis base employed: a, rate-determining dissociation of CO; b, nucleophilic attack of L on the substrate and c, reversible dissociation of one end of the P-en ligand, followed by attack of L on the resulting five-coordinate intermediate. Of particular interest is the rate via path b for L = P(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 which can be compared to rates for analogous reactions of other cis -L 2 Mo(CO) 4 substrates, and to that for the hexacarbonyl itself. Attack in (P-en)Mo(CO) 4 occurs at a relatively slow rate, a result which is examined in terms of the nature of the interaction in the activated complex for these reactions.
Purified JC virus T and T' proteins differentially interact with the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressor proteins.

The amino termini of polyomavirus T antigens contain LXCXE and J domains, which are necessary for binding and inactivating the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors. Both of these motifs are found in the JC virus (JCV) early proteins T'(135), T'(136), and T'(165), leading to the suggestion that these recently discovered proteins complement the cell-cycle-deregulating function of the JCV large T antigen (TAg). To investigate this hypothesis, the three JCV T' proteins were produced in a baculovirus expression system and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. To facilitate purification, hybridomas that secrete antibodies recognizing amino-terminal epitopes of JCV early proteins were produced. Potential interactions between the early viral proteins and the cellular proteins pRB, p107, and p130 were investigated by incubating purified JCV TAg and T' proteins with extracts of MOLT-4 cells, a human T cell line. The four viral proteins preferentially bound hypophosphorylated species of the cellular proteins and exhibited the highest binding affinity to p107 and the lowest affinity to pRB. TAg and T'(165) bound more pRB and less p107 than did T'(135) and T'(136); T'(165) also bound less p130 than the other three early proteins. Results of these in vitro interactions were compared to those obtained in vivo using POJ cells, a transformed human glial cell line that expresses JCV early proteins, relatively high levels of pRB and p107, and low levels of p130. Most of the pRB in POJ cells is hyperphosphorylated, and only a fraction of the hypophosphorylated form(s) of pRB is bound by the viral proteins. In contrast, only hypophosphorylated p130 is detected in the transformed cells, and most of this protein was found in complex with the viral proteins. Finally, nearly all of the p107 in POJ cells is bound by the JCV proteins.
Weapon carrying prevention: Should adults spend more time with youth?

Positive youth involvement with any adult—not just parents—may be protective against adolescent participation in risk behaviors. This cross-sectional study examines the association between adult involvement and weapon carrying among predominantly low-income African American and Hispanic urban high school students. Adult involvement was measured using a 6-item scale that assessed frequency of student participation in activities with an adult; weapon carrying was measured using questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Almost 20% of high school students reported carrying a weapon at least once during the past month. In the adjusted model, adult involvement was protective against student participation in weapon carrying. School absenteeism caused by safety concerns, threats at school, and substance use were also associated with weapon carrying. Interventions that aim to increase the amount of time youth spend with adults may be beneficial for the prevention of weapon carrying behaviors. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the temporal association between variables.
A computer simulation model of a rubella epidemic

Abstract This paper presents a deterministic computer simulation model of the rubella epidemic process. The model consists of four difference equations which relate the number of infectant individuals in a closed population to the number of susceptible individuals, the number of immune individuals, the contact rate, the birth and death rates, and the proportion of vaccinated susceptibles. After computer simulation, the model is validated using data from the East North Central section of the United States. Satisfactory agreement between predicted and reported cases is obtained. It is demonstrated that under reporting of actual cases is a significant factor in modeling the epidemic process. The efficiency of various vaccination programs in eradicating rubella is investigated.
Osmolar Control of Prolactin Secretion in Man

To study the effect of changing serum osmolality on serum prolactin concentration 11 volunteers were given oral and intravenous hypotonic and hypertonic fluids. Mean serum prolactin fell to 10.5 percent of baseline after oral water loading and to 15 percent of baseline after intravenous hypotonic saline infusion. Conversely, mean prolactin rose to 417 percent of baseline after intravenous hypertonic saline administration. The correlation coefficient of simultaneously determined serum prolactin and osmolality was highly significant (P 〈 .001). Isoosmolar changes in extracellular fluid volume did not consistently affect the concentration of prolactin in the serum. Thus, prolactin may be involved in the physiologic regulation of osmolar balance and the kidney may be an important farget organ for prolaction.
Energy evaluations during crack initiation

Abstract Experimental and analytical investigations of crack initation from single edge notched specimens of an amorphous polymer are reported. Experimental studies are aimed at observations of damage accumulation prior to crack initiation and the time to crack initiation under low cycle fatigue conditions. Under the particular conditions investigated here, two distinct patterns of crazing are observed: a core of crazes in front of the notch tip and peripheral, less dense crazes, which surround the core. The kinetics of the peripheral crazes resembles the behavior of short cracks observed in various materials. An abrupt change of the core craze zone is observed during a single loading cycle. This change in pattern suggests a drastic change in the stress field and is presumingly associated with the crack initiation event. For identical loading conditions the time to crack initiation is within experimental error. The analytical study involves the development of a numerical scheme for evaluation of the energy release rates due to the zone of damage prior to crack initiation. These energies are taken as the J and M integrals. The numerical scheme developed herein is based on experimentally measured craze openings and the technique of double layer potential. The results of the analysis show that while the M integral is positive and increases for both the core and the peripheral crazes, the value of J is negative and decreases for the core and increases positively for the peripheral crazes. The negative values of J are attributed to the fact that the core of crazes is embedded into an inhomogeneous stress field.
Diagnostic criteria for degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis in Peruvian Paso horses

Degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) has arisen in recent years as a health issue of concern to breeders and owners of Peruvian Paso horses. Lack of understanding of this disease and a “gold-standard” antemortem test has led to widespread confusion and uncertainty in the diagnosis of the disease in these horses. Using observations and measurements from a group of horses with histologically confirmed DSLD and from an age-matched group of horses without evidence of DSLD, estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of various measurements were calculated. The results of these analyses suggested four steps for the diagnosis of DSLD when screening large numbers of horses and as part of pre-purchase examinations. These four steps included: palpation of the suspensory ligaments, observance of baseline lameness, fetlock flexion tests, and sonographic examinations of the suspensory ligament at mid-cannon and both branches. These four steps accurately provide the information needed to make a diagnosis of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis in Peruvian Pasos.
Effective interlaminar shear moduli in composites containing transverse ply cracks

Abstract The effective interlaminar shear modulus for [ θ / 90 m ° ] S and [ ± θ / 90 m ° ] S laminates containing transverse cracks through the middle 90 m ° layers are determined analytically. The cracks are assumed to be evenly spaced and to extend across the entire laminate width. The θ ply and 90 m ° ply cluster are treated as a single homogeneous plate, while the ±θ plies are treated as a single laminated plate. The two plates are connected through continuity of displacements and tractions at the interface. In addition to determining the effective shear modulus, a singularity analysis is presented in conjunction with a [0°/90°]S bi-directional laminate. The singularity is then utilized in conjunction with the laminate model to look at the interlaminar shear stress near the crack tip along the 0°/90° interface. Numerical results are compared to both a finite element analysis and to a previously developed self-consistent model.
Ultrashort-pulse generation from high-power diode arrays by using intracavity optical nonlinearities.

A 40-stripe diode array was actively mode locked in an external cavity containing a single-mode optical fiber and a six-prism sequence to provide self-phase-modulation and tunable dispersion compensation. By making the total cavity group-velocity dispersion strongly negative, a solitonlike pulse-shaping process could be created. Pulses as short as 650 fs with a time–bandwidth product of 0.47 were generated. This study extends new techniques developed for mode locking solid-state lasers to diode-based systems.
Signs in motion: a dynamic agent in landscape and place

Only recently have scholars begun to study how signs structure and enable use of the humanized landscape. This paper proposes to advance this new subject further in taking up the category of signs that move. An historical review discloses wide application in public transit, private automobiles, commercial trucks, railroad rolling stock, state license plates, bumper stickers, marine transportation, clothing and tattoos. Most of the sources for this history are drawn from advertising and sign trade publications. A gallery of photographic images illustrates the moving signs pervasiveness throughout the United States, Western Europe and the Caribbean. Why moving signs have heretofore been generally ‘unseen’ in the scholarly agenda points out the difficulty of fixing on the moving sign and the absence of a liaison with museums, which themselves little attend to signs of any type. The result is further understanding the excitement of lived-in space, the life-affirming nature of movement, and the viewer's self-c...
Effects of Gender, Target's Gender, Topic, and Self-Esteem on Disclosure to Best and Midling Friends

Two studies examining self-disclosure as a function of discloser's gender, target's gender, topic, class standing, and self-esteem are reported. In the first study, 172 college students were given a test containing items from a modified Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire and the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory, and asked to report disclosure to their best, nonromantic, same-and cross-sex friends; the second study was a replication of the first, but the 138 subjects were questioned about disclosure to “midling”-level friends. The expected effects were found—topic, target's gender, etc.—and self-esteem level and class standing were found to influence disclosure levels as well. The η2 and correlations are reported, so that readers can see an estimate of the effects' magnitudes as well as their significance levels.
Considerations in Transistor Automobile Receiver Front End Design

This paper discusses the requirements which must be considered in the design of an r-f amplifier stage and converter for a transistor automobile receiver. Several coupling networks for the antenna and interstage circuits are discussed and performance data is given for various combinations of circuits. Data is given for a converter circuit including voltage and temperature effects on frequency stability.
Multiple comparisons with the best using common random numbers for steady-state simulations

Abstract Suppose that there are k⩾2 different systems (i.e., stochastic processes), where each system has an unknown steady-state mean performance. We consider the problem of running a single-stage simulation using common random numbers to construct simultaneous confidence intervals for μ i − max j≠i μ j , i=1,2,…,k . This is known as multiple comparisons with the best (MCB). Under an assumption that the stochastic processes representing the simulation output of the different systems satisfy a functional central limit theorem, we prove that our confidence intervals are asymptotically valid (as the run lengths of the simulations of each system tends to infinity). We develop algorithms for two different cases: when the asymptotic covariance matrix has sphericity, and when the covariance matrix is arbitrary.
Basic Needs: Some Unsettled Questions

Abstract Though the large basic needs literature has clarified some issues related to anti-poverty strategies, it has also raised others. This paper identifies some of these unsettled questions: (1) who is to determine basic needs? (2) do basic needs refer to the conditions for a full, long and healthy life or to a specific bundle of goods and services that are deemed to provide opportunity for these conditions? (3) what is the purpose of participation? what form should it take? how does a right to participate (if it exists) relate to the political/administrative structures necessary for efficient implementation of basic needs approach? (4) what is the relationship between the redistribution approach to development and the basic needs approach? does the basic needs approach require fundamental systemic change, or is it a palliative? (5) what is the relation between meeting basic needs as an end in itself and as an instrument for developing human resources? (6) in what manner should international support for basic needs approaches be mobilized? (7) what is the relation between poverty eradication and reducing income inequalities?
Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation of stainless steel 304L: Oxide growth and effects on underlying metal

Abstract Nanosecond-pulsed, infrared (1064 nm) laser irradiation was used to create metal oxide coatings on the surface of polished stainless steel 304L austenite for application as color markings and unique tags/identifiers. By rastering a Gaussian-shaped, focused laser beam across a specimen in air, continuous metal oxide coatings were grown to thicknesses in the range of 20 to ~ 500 nm. Oxide coating thickness generally increased with laser fluence. However, for large accumulated fluences in excess of ~ 600–800 J/cm2, oxide growth was affected by evaporation and particle ejection resulting in a decreased coating thickness. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that oxide coatings developed a polycrystalline, spinel structure having a lattice constant = 8.4 A (consistent with MnCr2O4 and Fe3O4). Pulsed laser irradiation and oxide growth modified the composition of stainless steel substrates by reducing the Cr and Mn concentration within the melt zone. The reflectance and chromaticity of laser-fabricated oxide coatings were characterized using spectrophotometry. These optical properties are described in the context of measured oxide thicknesses.
Setting an Employment Agenda: A Demonstration with the Epilepsy Foundation of America

The Epilepsy Foundation of America (EFA) participated in the National Agenda for Employment of People with Disabilities project, co-sponsored by the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities and the Arkansas Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation. The organizational agenda creation process involves three phases: (a) collection of consumer data regarding employment concerns, (b) discussion of the implications of the data by providers and people with epilepsy, and (c) development of an organizational agenda based on phases one and two. Results of the three-step process are discussed in this article.
Advertising Creativity: A Review and Empirical Investigation of External Evaluation, Cognitive Style and Self-Perceptions of Creativity

Abstract Creativity is a critical component in the advertising process, but it has yet to attract comparable attention in the literature. To amplify the research venue the discussion reviews the findings and methodology of creativity research in advertising and explores applied research formats. An empirical study examines (a) the effect of external evaluation on self perceptions of creativity and (b) the relationship of personal cognitive style to creativity. The findings document a significant relationship between external evaluation and self-perceptions of creativity and support the hypothesized relationship with cognitive style.
Model-based self-monitoring embedded programs with temporal logic specifications

We propose a model-based framework for developing self-monitoring embedded programs with temporal logic specifications. In our framework the requirement specification of an embedded program is encoded in the temporal logic MEDL. We propose an algorithm that synthesizes a model-based monitor from a MEDL script. We also introduce a technique that instruments a system model to emit events defined in the model-based primitive event definition language mPEDL. The synthesized model-based monitor may be composed with the instrumented model to form a self-monitoring model, which can be simulated for design-level verification; the composed self-monitoring model can also be used to generate a self-monitoring embedded program, which can monitor its own execution on the target platform in addition to its normal functions. Our approach combines the rigidness of temporal logic specifications with the easy use of a toolkit M2IST that we developed to automate the process of building a self-monitoring embedded program from a system model and its requirement specification.
A dynamic model for laminated plates with delaminations

Abstract A generalized theory for laminated plates, including delamination, is developed. The laminate model is based on a generalized displacement formulation implemented at the layer level. The equations of motion for a layer, which are explicitly coupled with both the interfacial traction continuity and the interfacial displacement jump conditions between layers, are used to develop the governing equations for a laminated composite plate. The delamination behavior can be modeled using any general constitutive fracture law. The interfacial displacement jumps are expressed in an internally consistent fashion in terms of the fundamental unknown interfacial tractions. The current theory imposes no restrictions on the size, location, distribution, or direction of growth of the delaminations. Therefore, the theory can predict the initiation and growth of delaminations at any location as well as interactive effects between delaminations at different locations within the laminate. The proposed theory is used to consider the dynamic response of laminated plates in cylindrical bending. First it is shown that the dynamic implementation agrees well with the exact predictions of a plate under static loading conditions. Static, cylindrical bending is considered to validate the numerical implementation. Next, different dynamic loading cases are considered. First, the required level of discretization through the thickness of the laminate necessary to accurately capture the wave propagation characteristics for monotonic tensile loading transverse to the plate is determined. Next, the influence of the delamination on the free vibration behavior of a plate is considered. It is shown that the presence of delaminations can result in significant deviations from the perfectly bonded free vibration behavior. Finally, the plate is subjected to dynamic loading conditions that demonstrate the influence of internal wave interactions on the overall behavior of the plate.
Sources of error in neurotransmitter analysis.

A compound having fluorescence characteristics similar to those of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), when reacted with ninhydrin, is present in several invertebrates (Fasciola hepatica, Aplysia californica, Tritonia diomedia, and Hirudo medicinalis). However, this substance is not identical with 5-HT [Andreini, G. C., Beretta, C., Faustini, R., and Gallina, G. (1970)Experientia26, 166–167]. We confirmed these findings for Fasciola and also observed this substance in Spirometra mansonoides and mouse brain. Using chromatography and amino acid analysis we identified this substance as lysine. While 5-HT is also demonstrable in Spirometra, no 5-HT is present in Fasciola. Although epinephrine and dopamine seem to be present in Spirometra when the hydroxyindole technique of Laverty and Taylor [Laverty, R., and Taylor, K. M. (1968)Anal. Biochem.22, 269–279] is used, neither amine is detectable in adult Spirometra by mass spectrometric analysis. A relatively high concentration of tyrosine in Spirometra could account for the apparent presence of dopamine. Therefore, lysine, tyrosine, and possibly other substances can be sources of error in the detection of biogenic amines in invertebrates.
Black and White Fathers' Attitudes toward Children's Sex Roles:

Using Bem's Sex-role Inventory, sex-role attitudes were collected from 100 white and 60 black middle-class fathers. Analysis indicated that both black and white fathers held significantly more masc...
Surface characterization of carbon fibers using angle-resolved XPS and ISS

Abstract Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) are utilized to investigate the surface composition of BASF type II carbon fibers as a function of progressive exposures to aqueous nitric acid. To the authors' knowledge this is the first such study of carbon fibers to incorporate both of these surface analytical techniques. Overall, the ARXPS and ISS spectra are shown to be highly synergistic and quite consistent with one another. The data indicate that the surface composition of the as-received fibers is heterogeneous and undergoes significant changes upon nitric acid exposure. The net effect of the nitric acid surface treatments appears to be the systematic and preferential formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups, and the establishment of a more uniform surface composition as a function of depth. It is expected that these data will contribute toward a better understanding of the interphase in carbon fiber composites.
Chemical change in Antarctica—Significance? A perspective

Abstract The bitter confrontations of 20–25 years ago between a small environmental science community and several industries manufacturing chlorinated hydrocarbons are now only an historical footnote in the rapid evolution of an environmental consciousness. Regulations developed in industrial countries are being applied to protect the most pristine of the world's environments in Antarctica. Many of the proposed regulations, however, would serve no useful purpose; some of the reports of environmental damage are grossly exaggerated. A certain skepticism might be appropriate. Nevertheless, although monitoring is not a ‘scientific’ activity, the case is made for a monitoring programme in Antarctica that would measure temporal changes in the environmental levels of contaminants from both local and distant sources.
DNA‐Based Micelles: Synthesis, Micellar Properties and Size‐Dependent Cell Permeability

Functional nanomaterials based on molecular self-assembly hold great promise for applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, their efficacy could be a problem and can be improved by precisely controlling the size, structure and functions. This would require a molecular engineering design capable of producing monodispersed functional materials characterized by beneficial changes in size, shape and chemical structure. To address this challenge, we have designed and constructed a series of amphiphilic oligonucleotide molecules. In aqueous solutions, the amphiphilic oligonucleotide molecules, consisting of a hydrophilic oligonucleotide covalently linked to hydrophobic diacyllipid tails, spontaneously self-assemble into monodispersed, three dimensional micellar nanostructures with a lipid core and a DNA corona. These hierarchical architectures are results of intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. Experimental testing further showed that these types of micelles have excellent thermal stability and their size can be fine tuned by changing the length of the DNA sequence. Moreover, in the micelle system, the molecular recognition properties of DNA are intact, thus, our DNA micelles can hybridize with complimentary sequences while remain their structural integrity. Importantly, when interacting with cell membranes, the highly charged DNA micelles are able to disintegrate themselves and insert into cell membrane, completing the process of internalization by endocytosis. Interestingly, the fluorescence was found accumulated in confined regions of cytosole. Finally, we show that the kinetics of this internalization process is size-dependent. Therefore, cell permeability, combined with small sizes and natural nontoxicity, are all excellent features that make our DNA-micelles highly suitable for a variety of applications in nanobiotechnology, cell biology, and drug delivery systems.
Menin Interacts with the AP1 Transcription Factor JunD and Represses JunD-Activated Transcription

Abstract MEN1 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a 610 amino acid nuclear protein (menin) of previously unknown function. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen with menin as the bait, we have identified the transcription factor JunD as a direct menin-interacting partner. Menin did not interact directly with other Jun and Fos family members. The menin–JunD interaction was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Menin repressed transcriptional activation mediated by JunD fused to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain from a Gal4 responsive reporter, or by JunD from an AP1-responsive reporter. Several naturally occurring and clustered MEN1 missense mutations disrupted menin interaction with JunD. These observations suggest that menin's tumor suppressor function involves direct binding to JunD and inhibition of JunD activated transcription.
A Phase I Study of Everolimus and Docetaxel in Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background The PTEN tumor suppressor is frequently lost in CRPC, with activation of Akt-mTOR signaling, driving growth. We conducted a phase I trial of the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, and docetaxel in CRPC. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had progressive, metastatic, chemotherapy-naive CRPC. Patients received everolimus 10 mg daily for 2 weeks and underwent a restaging FDG-PET/computed tomography scan. Patient cohorts were subsequently treated at 3 dose levels of everolimus with docetaxel: 5 mg to 60 mg/m2, 10 mg to 60 mg/m2, and 10 mg to 70 mg/m2. The primary end point was the safety and tolerability of combination therapy. Results Accrual was 4 patients at level 1, 3 patients at level 2, and 8 patients at level 3. Common toxicities were hematologic and fatigue. Serum concentrations of everolimus when administered with docetaxel were 1.5 to 14.8 ng/mL in patients receiving 5 mg everolimus and 4.5 to 55.4 ng/mL in patients receiving 10 mg everolimus. Four patients had partial metabolic response (PMR) using FDG-PET, 12 had stable metabolic disease, and 2 had progressive metabolic disease after a 2-week treatment with everolimus alone. Five of 12 evaluable patients experienced a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction ≥ 50% during treatment with everolimus together with docetaxel. All 4 patients with a PMR according to PET imaging experienced a PSA reduction in response to everolimus with docetaxel, and 3 of 4 had PSA declines ≥ 50%. Conclusion Everolimus 10 mg daily and docetaxel 60 mg/m2 was safe in CRPC patients and these were the recommended doses in combination. FDG-PET response might serve as a biomarker for target inhibition by mTOR inhibitors.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of the O K edge of NbO 2 , MoO 2 , and WO 2

Experimental high-energy transmission electron energy-loss absorption spectra from the oxygen $K$ edges of ${\mathrm{NbO}}_{2},\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{MoO}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{WO}}_{2}$ are compared with electronic structure calculations for the relevant empty states, based on the linear augmented plane wave (plus local orbital) method, in the local density approximation. These are also compared with calculations for an idealized rutile structure. The agreement of these ground-state density functional theory calculations (without core-hole effects) for these transition metal dioxides at our resolution of about 1 eV is excellent, and shows in each case an underlying structure consisting of five main peaks, despite differences in local atomic and electronic structure. We find also that shoulderlike features on an ${e}_{g}$ peak can be related to structural distortions induced by the formation of metal-metal bonds.
The suppressor T cell induced by syngeneic splenic cell antigen down-regulates hapten-specific cytotoxic T cells by elaborating a factor inhibitory for IL2-dependent cell replication

An in vitro study has been made of the mechanism by which a suppressor T cell, that is induced in lymph nodes by a syngeneic splenic cell antigen, prevents generation of cytotoxic T cells specific for hapten-altered self antigens. When popliteal lymph node cells exposed in vivo to syngeneic splenic cells were immunized in vitro with heat-treated syngeneic TNP-coupled thymocytes and excess helper factors, the Ts remained inactive. In this condition the exposed popliteal lymph node cells routinely demonstrated approximately twice the CTL response developed by lymph node cells from normal mice. Nevertheless, when triggered in vitro by splenic antigen on either X-irradiated B or T cells, the exposed but not the normal lymph node cells exhibited reduced hapten-altered self-specific CTL responses. Furthermore, T cells within spleen cell-exposed popliteal lymph node cell populations when reexposed to splenic T cells made a factor that was found to be suppressive of CTL generation by normal lymph node cells in vitro. The nondialyzable T-cell suppressor factor (TsF) did not appear to act on lymph node precursor CTLs, nor on helper T cells but instead acted at the level of utilization of helper factors in the development of CTLs. In an examination of the effect of TsF on cellular replication, TsF was found to be nontoxic for CTLL-20, an IL-2-dependent T cell, and it did not hinder the uptake of IL-2 by receptor blockade of this cell. Nevertheless, the replication of CTLL-20 that is IL-2 driven was diminished in the presence of TsF. Similarly, TsF was found to be inhibitory for T-cell proliferation stimulated by mitogen but had no effect on a B myeloma cell proliferative response. Thus, TsF appears to act as an inhibitor of a T cell's capability to replicate despite the presence of the stimulus for replication, namely, IL-2.
Twenty-five years of progress in the medical treatment of pediatric and congenital heart disease

Abstract In the past 25 years there has been a many-fold increase in the prospect that with early recognition and modern treatment the newborn with critical congenital heart disease will reach adult life in a healthy condition, prepared to earn a living and to function as a spouse and as a parent. Advancements in the medical treatment of congenital heart disease may create less public acclaim than may surgical treatment but many purely medical developments provide the basis for achieving ultimate surgical success and, by judicious use of some forms of medical treatment, operation can be avoided altogether. The eight major contributions to patient care that are discussed in this review and the 35 that are simply listed are merely examples of the many developments that have occurred in the past 25 years. These include: 1) the organization of pediatric cardiology and the contribution of volunteer health organizations, 2) continuing medical education aimed at promoting early diagnosis of congenital heart disease and prompt referral to a cardiac center, 3) advances in the technology of cardiac catheterization, 4) Rashkind's balloon atrial septostomy and other catheter manipulative procedures, 5) pharmacologic manipulation of the ductus, 6) beta-adrenergic blockade for control of a variety of problems, including paroxysmal hypoxemic attacks, certain arrhythmias and relief of symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 7) echocardiography, and 8) advances in arrhythmias, electrophysiologic studies and use of pacemakers.
The bounded isometry conjecture for the kodaira-thurston manifold and the 4-torus

The purpose of this note is to study the bounded isometry conjecture proposed by Lalonde and Polterovich. In particular, we show that the conjecture holds for the Kodaira-Thurston manifold with the standard symplectic form and for the 4-torus with all linear symplectic forms.
Comparison of three phospholipases isolated from copperhead venoms

Abstract 1. 1. Three phospholipases were purified by molecular sieve chromatography from ion-exchange fractions obtained from whole copperhead snake ( Agkistrodon contortrix ) venoms. 2. 2. In comparing the three phospholipases, one acidic and two basic, all had molecular weights of 16,500–20,500, temperature optima of 60–70°C, and basic pH optima, but only the acidic enzyme was significantly heat stable at a pH of 6.5. This latter enzyme was the only one which was inactive in diethyl ether. All three enzymes appeared to be phospholipase A 2 's. 3. 3. The two basic enzymes caused the hemolysis of human red blood cells if lecithin was present. The inclusion of EDTA † abolished this activity.
A combined socketed and non-socketed CDM test approach for eliminating real-world CDM failures

Of 30 bipolar, BiCMOS, and CMOS products socketed CDM classified, 27 had /spl ges/500 V withstand voltages and experienced no real-world CDM fallout. Two of three products with <500 V withstand voltages had numerous manufacturing-induced CDM failures until they were analyzed and redesigned. Analysis of these two products showed that both socketed and non-socketed CDM testing replicated the initial dielectric breakdown failure mechanisms at the same failure sites identified on real-world CDM failures. However, socketed CDM testing consistently induced more severe damage than non-socketed CDM testing. On one product, this resulted in a completely different failure mode than that on the socketed CDM and real-world failures. Based on this work, a combined socketed and non-socketed CDM test approach is proposed for classifying/evaluating new products and driving CDM robustness improvements.
Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature

We report an instructive case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a 63-year-old African American male who presented after an episode of recent trauma, with clinical and radiological features characteristic of this neoplasm. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in young adults, but the extraskeletal variety is very uncommon. The radiological and pathological features of this neoplasm will be discussed, along with a review of the literature.
Testosterone decreases lipoprotein(a) in men

Abstract In summary, the results of the present study indicate that testosterone reduces Lp(a) concentrations in normal men primarily by an androgenic effect and not by its conversion to estradiol.
A promoter site and polarity gradients in phage S13

Abstract Acrylamide gel analysis shows that the polar effect of nonsense mutations in gene F of phage S13 extends to adjacent genes G and H, but not to genes A and B, which follow H in the direction of translation. Therefore, a promoter site must be located before gene A, but not before genes G or H. Degree of polarity was compared with genetic map position for genes F and G. Gene F generates a polarity gradient which is strongly dependent on distance to the end of the gene; in gene G distance to the end of the gene appears to have no effect on degree of polarity.
Time Frequency Representations of Almost Periodic Functions

In this paper, we characterize the space of almost periodic (AP) functions in one variable using either a Weyl–Heisenberg (WH) system or an affine system. Our observation is that the sought-for characterization of the AP space is valid if and only if the given WH (respectively, affine) system is an L 2(ℝ)-frame. Moreover, the frame bounds of the system are also the sharpest bounds in our characterization. This draws an intriguing and quite unexpected connection between L 2(ℝ) representations and AP-representations.
Dislocation Inertial Effects in the Plastic Deformation of Dilute Alloys of Lead and Copper

Strong experimental evidence is obtained that the maximum observed in the temperature dependence of the flow stress of copper alloys is a dislocation inertial effect. By using the superconducting effect in lead as a key, it is found that the maximum occurs when dislocations become critically damped.
Aerodynamic and Structure Considerations in Centrifugal Compressor Design: Blade Lean Effects

Optimization procedures are demanded by turbomachinery industries that enable to enhance compressor efficiency and wide operating ranges. Most of the design processes focuseither on aerodynamics or structure. However, the compressor design is an integration between aerodynamics and structure.This paper presents some recent developments of the aerodynamic and structural integral design system. The design process including the meanline design, through-flow optimization and three-dimensional viscous analysis was used in the centrifugal compressor design. The aerodynamic and structural design need to be optimized at the same time. Normally most of the favorable aerodynamic features do not correspond with the structural reliability of the compressor wheel. The optimization between aerodynamic performance and structural reliability is critical to provide the maximal potential of the compressor performance. The main purpose of the current study is to discuss the importance of the aerodynamic and structural optimizations through a centrifugal compressor wheel lean effects. The study demonstrated that the integral design of the aerodynamics and structure is very important.© 2012 ASME
Urban experience takes an informational turn: mobile internet usage and the unevenness of geosocial activity

Coinciding the widespread deployment of handheld information and communications technologies (ICT) there has been a rapid emergence of mobile Internet applications. Notably, these applications are designed to perform within operating systems that are not only Internet-connected but that are also location-aware and decoupled from any single point in space—design characteristics that enable instantaneous integration of users’ everyday ‘real-world’ experience with an array of Internet-based services. As a consequence, the experience of urban space can be mediated by digital information in ways that have not before been possible. In this article I explore the convergence of ongoing discussions about the digital divide, the nascent class of mobile ICT, and the urban communities that have been most adversely impacted by uneven technological landscapes. Building on this convergence, I argue that it is increasingly important to consider the impacts that pervasive mobile information have on the composition of everyday urban life.
Helping Parents Cope with Infant Crying

Infant crying can be a problem because parents often receive conflicting advice about crying from relatives, friends, childrearing "experts," and health professionals. Nurses are in a unique position to counsel parents about this aspect of childrearing. Infant crying as a signal is discussed, and research related to infant crying is reviewed. Recommendations are given for nurses counseling parents about coping with infant crying.
Esophageal cancer-related gene-4 (ECRG4) interactions with the innate immunity receptor complex.

Objective and design The human c2orf40 gene encodes a tumor suppressor gene called esophageal cancer-related gene-4 (ECRG4) with pro- and anti-inflammatory activities that depend on cell surface processing. Here, we investigated its physical and functional association with the innate immunity receptor complex.
Wikifying your interface: facilitating community-based interface translation

We explore the application of a wiki-based technology and style of interaction to enabling the incremental translation of a collaborative application into a number of different languages, including variant English language interfaces better suited to the needs of particular user communities. The development work allows us to explore in more detail the design space of functionality and interfaces relating to tailoring, customization, personalization and localization, and the challenges of designing to support ongoing incremental contributions by members of different use communities.
Live-Cell Imaging of Cellular Proteins by a Strain-Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition

Live and let dye: Three coumarin-cyclooctyne conjugates have been used to label proteins tagged with azidohomoalanine in Rat-1 fibroblasts. All three fluorophores labeled intracellular proteins with fluorescence enhancements ranging from eight- to 20-fold. These conjugates are powerful tools for visualizing biomolecule dynamics in living cells.
Disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on gonadal development and reproductive functions in chickens.

ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are worldwide persistent pollutants that have produced detrimental effects on endocrine function and reproduction in a variety of species. The present study revealed effects of PCBs on gonadal development and functions in chickens of different ages. Aroclor 1254 (0–100 µg/egg) was injected into Hyline chicken eggs before incubation. The adult chickens received Aroclor 1254 by gavage (50 mg/kg BW). It was observed that in day 5 embryos, PCBs resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of primordial germ cell (PGC) numbers, and caused PGCs pyknosis and vacuolation. Clomiphen failed to block the effects of PCBs. In the newly hatched chicken, PCBs induced a marked decrease in area of the transverse sections, diameter and relative area of the testicular tubules. The differentiation of germ cells was retarded after PCB treatment. In contrast, the area of the left ovarian transverse sections, the thickness of ovarian cortex and the number of oocytes increased dramatically in t...
Pilot Study of a Plug Load Management System: Preparing for Sustainability Base

NASA Ames Research Center's Sustainability Base is a new 50,000 sq. ft. high-performance office building targeting a LEED Platinum rating. Plug loads are expected to account for a significant portion of overall energy consumption because building design choices resulted in greatly reduced energy demand from Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems, which are typically major contributors to energy consumption in traditional buildings. This paper reports on a pilot study where data from a variety of plug loads were collected in a reference office building to understand usage patterns, to make a preliminary assessment as to the effectiveness of controlling (i.e., turning off and on) selected loads, and to evaluate the utility of the plug load management system chosen for the study. Findings indicate that choosing energy efficient equipment, ensuring that power saving functionality is operating effectively, promoting beneficial occupant energy behavior, and employing plug load controls to turn off equipment when not in use can lead to significant energy savings. These recommendations will be applied to Sustainability Base and further studies of plug load management systems and techniques to reduce plug energy consumption will be pursued.
Microdetermination of Lead by the Ring‐Oven Technique Applicable to Air Pollution Studies

A new method for the microdetermination of lead by the ring-oven technique is presented. The method is apparently applicable to lead analysis of air pollution samples collected on sequential tapes.