cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of a Sectorial Advancement Strategy: Costs, Benefits, and Impacts from the WorkAdvance Demonstration

This report summarizes the long-term findings of a rigorous random assignment evaluation of the WorkAdvance model, a sectoral training and advancement initiative. Launched in 2011, WorkAdvance goes beyond the previous generation of employment programs by introducing demand-driven skills training and a focus on jobs that have identifiable career pathways. The model is heavily influenced by the positive findings from the Sectoral Employment Impact Study completed in 2010, as well as prior research on job retention and career advancement strategies. The WorkAdvance model was implemented between June 2011 and June 2013 by four providers — Per Scholas, St. Nicks Alliance, Madison Strategies Group, and Towards Employment — and a total of 2,564 individuals enrolled in the study. Several previous reports described the implementation, participation, cost, and interim impact findings of WorkAdvance and showed encouraging evidence for the WorkAdvance model. The impact findings presented in those reports covered the first three years of follow-up. While those findings showed earnings gains for some programs in some years, whether WorkAdvance could consistently increase earnings in the long term was still an open question. This report presents the long-term economic impacts of WorkAdvance and covers a two-year period occurring between four and eight years after individuals entered the study. The economic outcomes are based on National Directory of New Hires data and include 2017 and 2018. The report also builds on a previous cost analysis and presents findings from a full benefit-cost analysis to examine whether the effects of WorkAdvance resulted in gains or losses from the perspective of WorkAdvance participants, the government, and society.
Review of Leading change in academic libraries

Abstract: Review of Boff, C., & Cardwell, C. (2020). Leading change in academic libraries. Chicago, IL: Association of College & Research Libraries.
Highlights from Studies Presented at the Virtual American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions 2021: Staying Updated with the Latest Advancements in Prevention.

Purpose of review This review highlights late-breaking science presented at the Virtual American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions 2021 that demonstrated advancements in preventative cardiology and introduced novel therapeutic modalities for the management of chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and COVID-19. Recent findings The studies reviewed include clinical trials that assessed the use of dapagliflozin in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (DARE-19 trial); evinacumab for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis; effect of genotype-guided oral P2y12 inhibitors vs conventional clopidogrel on long-term ischemic outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (TAILOR-PCI trial); anticoagulation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (ACTION trial); atorvastatin vs placebo in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU (INSPIRATION-S trial); rehabilitation therapy in older acute heart failure patients (REHAB-HF trial); and aspirin dosing: a patient-centric trial assessing benefits and long-term effectiveness (ADAPTABLE trial). In addition, we review the results of the American College of Cardiology Global Heart Attack Initiative (GHATI). Finally, we discuss the secondary analysis of the STRENGTH trial assessing the association of achieved levels of omega-3 fatty acid levels and major cardiovascular outcomes. The studies presented at the virtual American College of Cardiology Scientific Session 2021 represent remarkable contributions in the field of cardiovascular disease and prevention.
Philosophy and Law: An Interpretation of Plato's 'Minos'

Plato’s Minos presents a twofold argument. In part it is a facile defense of law directed at a typical Athenian citizen. On another level it is a sophisticated teaching that ponders the question what is law for the would-be philosopher or student of Socrates. These arguments are made in three parts. First, it becomes clear that Socrates’ interlocutor has been influenced or corrupted by the teachings of sophists. Second, Socrates attempts to reform the interlocutor’s opinion of law by suggesting there is a science of law. Finally, Socrates argues that present day Greek laws are derived from the oldest Greek laws, which were revealed and taught by Zeus himself. With this twofold argument Socrates counters his interlocutor’s sophists’ influenced opinion of law and reveals to the careful reader the complexity of the question: what is law?
User Input Mode and Computer-Aided Instruction1

An evaluation of on-line computer-aided instruction within a management information system compared typewriter and lightpen input modes as students learned to use the system. The following conclusions were supported: 1. Computer-aided instruction is feasible in a general-purpose management information system; 2. It is also feasible to demonstrate retention of learned material through computer-administered tests; 3. Professional typing skills are not necessary to use the typewriter input mode effectively, provided that the inputs required are short and direct; 4. In this particular setting there seemed to be evidence that the typewriter was a more effective input device than the lightpen during the instructional sequence, but this evidence is questionable in view of considerable individual differences among the students; 5. Regardless of performance, students responded favorably to their experience with computer-aided instruction.
Acid phosphatase isozymes of Xenopus laevis tadpole tails: II. Changes in activity during tail regression

Abstract Changes in activity and subcellular distribution of acid phosphatase isozymes of the Xenopus laevis tadpole tail were investigated. Enzyme activities per tail were quantified by assay of Sephadex G-75 eluates containing the phosphatases, using p -nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. Differential centrifugation of isotonic homogenates revealed no large differences between premetamorphic and regressing tails, when both the proportions of total activity in the subcellular fractions and the distribution of each isozyme among these fractions were compared. Increases in total acid phosphatase activity during normal and induced regression were observed to result from differential increases and decreases in the activities of the individual phosphatases. The isozymes designated AP-2 and AP-3 increased substantially in activity in intact tails regressing spontaneously or induced to regress by immersion in 10 −8 m triiodothyronine, while only the activity of AP-3, which is rather specific for phosphoenolpyruvate and nucleoside di- and triphosphates, increased greatly in tails cultured in 2.5 × 10 −8 m triiodothyronine. AP-1 activity did not change greatly during regression, while AP-4 activity decreased substantially. The increase in AP-3 activity in hormone-treated, cultured tails was blocked by cycloheximide at 3 μg/ml, suggesting the involvement of protein synthesis in this increase.
Agency Burrowing: Entrenching Policies and Personnel before a New President Arrives

This paper examines executive branch agency actions that seek to entrench people or policies just before a new president takes office, such as midnight rulemaking and late-term hiring and promotion. Congress and the media have portrayed such activities as amounting to unsavory power grabs. More specifically, late-term entrenchment appears aimed at undermining the newly-elected president's potential control. That seems to raise particular concerns, given recent reliance in commentary upon presidential control of agencies as a source both of democratic credentials and of accountability. The implication seems to be that agency burrowing is antidemocratic and more generally undermines the legitimacy of the adminstrative state. The paper argues, however, that despite its costs for the incoming president, agency burrowing should not be dismissed out-of-hand. For example, the use of rulemaking to entrench policy can result in agencies more often publicly developing decision criteria that are binding, enhancing agency accountability and the "rule of law." Moreover, late-term rulemaking can effectively place an issue on the public agenda and crystallize the issue for public debate. That public debate can in turn inform the ultimate agency decision, making it more democratically responsive. The presence of entrenched personnel also may ensure that agency decisionmakers consider a fuller range of electoral views; such personnel also may monitor others in the agency for abuse or misconduct. Informed by this analysis, the paper argues for a more nuanced approach to agency burrowing, as well as for a more nuanced approach to assessing presidential contributions to the administrative state's legitimacy. Maximum presidential oversight may be insufficient to assure agency accountability and democratic responsiveness. Rather than focusing centrally on a formal president-agency relationship, we may wish to give greater attention to more functional means of assuring agency legitimacy, such as encouraging greater monitoring; more public dialogue on issues before agencies; and more administrative commitments to decision criteria. Investing in these mechanisms may be worthwhile even if it comes with a cost to presidential control.
Silicon-based photonic devices

Silicon-based photonics is an important technology direction for research and development. The payoffs from Si photonic R&D will be low-cost, reliable opto-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs) and photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that will find application in optical communications, flat panel displays, optical storage, printing, imaging, sensing, and information processing. The motivation for making Si PICs and OEICs is to attain high-yield manufacturable chips: inexpensive commercial products resulting from high-volume production on 8-inch wafers. Regarding performance, the expectation is that the functionality of Si PICs and OEICs will be equal to, or in some cases greater than, that of III-V semiconductor counterparts.
Preference for polyethylene glycol by sheep fed a quebracho tannin diet.

Tannins decrease food intake by reducing digestion and by causing illness, whereas polyethylene glycol (PEG) attenuates the aversive effects of tannins. Our objective was to determine whether sheep recognize the benefits of ingesting substances such as PEG when consuming tannins. If so, then ingestion of PEG should be 1) PEG-specific, 2) a function of previous experience with recovery from tannin-toxicosis, and 3) dependent on the presence/absence of tannins. During conditioning, lambs in Group 1 (n = 10) were offered a meal of high-tannin food, which presumably caused malaise, and then offered PEG (molecular weight, 3,350), which presumably led to recovery from malaise. Subsequently, lambs ingested a control food (wheat straw) that did not have the "medicinal" effects of PEG in the absence of the tannin diet. In contrast, lambs in Group 2 (n = 10) ingested PEG in the absence of the tannin diet, and they ingested the tannin diet only in association with wheat straw. Ingestion of PEG and straw by both groups of lambs increased as a function of the presence of tannins in the diet (P 0.05), and differences in PEG intake disappeared in the absence of tannins (P > 0.05). In summary, our results suggest that lambs fed high-tannin diets discriminated the effects of PEG from those provided by a "nonmedicinal" food (straw). Thus, it may be possible to formulate PEG supplements that allow herbivores to self-regulate intake of PEG under extensive management conditions.
Non-determinative Discrimination, Mixed Motives, and the Inner Boundary of Discrimination Law

This article describes a form of discrimination – called non-determinative discrimination – that involves types of conduct that are not covered by current doctrine but that should be protected in order to serve the purposes of the laws against discrimination. Written in 1986, it addressed the issue of mixed-motive discrimination and anticipated (and provided a framework for) the hostile environment claims of the 1990s.
Repairing Disengagement With Non-Invasive Interventions

We evaluated the impact of a set of interventions to repair students' disengagement while solving geometry problems in a tutoring system. We present a deep analysis of how a tutor can remediate a student's disengagement and motivation with self-monitoring feedback. The analysis consists of a between-subjects analyses on students learning and on students' attitudes towards mathematics and perceptions of the software, and a deeper analysis on students' engagement within the tutor. Results show that the general trend over time is for students to become more disengaged while using a tutor, yet students can be coaxed into reengagement after viewing interventions that promote self-reflection and self-monitoring --a simple open-learner model accompanied by suggestions and encouragement.
Approximate aggregation techniques for sensor databases

In the emerging area of sensor-based systems, a significant challenge is to develop scalable, fault-tolerant methods to extract useful information from the data the sensors collect. An approach to this data management problem is the use of sensor database systems, exemplified by TinyDB and Cougar, which allow users to perform aggregation queries such as MIN, COUNT and AVG on a sensor network. Due to power and range constraints, centralized approaches are generally impractical, so most systems use in-network aggregation to reduce network traffic. However, these aggregation strategies become bandwidth-intensive when combined with the fault-tolerant, multipath routing methods often used in these environments. For example, duplicate-sensitive aggregates such as SUM cannot be computed exactly using substantially less bandwidth than explicit enumeration. To avoid this expense, we investigate the use of approximate in-network aggregation using small sketches. Our contributions are as follows: 1) we generalize well known duplicate-insensitive sketches for approximating COUNT to handle SUM, 2) we present and analyze methods for using sketches to produce accurate results with low communication and computation overhead, and 3) we present an extensive experimental validation of our methods.
The Bergman projection and weighted $C^{k}$ estimates for the canonical solution to the $\bar{\partial}$ problem on non-smooth domains

We apply integral representations for functions on non-smooth strictly pseudoconvex domains, the Henkin-Leiterer domains, to derive weighted C k -estimates for the component of a given function, f, which is orthogonal to holomorphic functions in terms of C k -norms of ∂f. The weights are powers of the gradient of the defining function of the domain.
Depression in Mexican Americans with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.

Background Depression and diabetes commonly co-occur; however, the strength of the physiological effects of diabetes as mediating factors towards depression is uncertain. Method We analyzed extensive clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data from n = 2081 Mexican Americans aged 35-64 years, recruited from the community as part of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) divided into three groups: Diagnosed (self-reported) diabetes (DD, n = 335), Undiagnosed diabetes (UD, n = 227) and No diabetes (ND, n = 1519). UD participants denied being diagnosed with diabetes, but on testing met the 2010 American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization definitions of diabetes. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale. Weighted data were analyzed using dimensional and categorical outcomes using univariate and multivariate models. Results The DD group had significantly higher CES-D scores than both the ND and UD (p ⩽ 0.001) groups, whereas the ND and UD groups did not significantly differ from each other. The DD subjects were more likely to meet the CES-D cut-off score for depression compared to both the ND and UD groups (p = 0.001), respectively. The UD group was also less likely to meet the cut-off score for depression than the ND group (p = 0.003). Our main findings remained significant in models that controlled for socio-demographic and clinical confounders. Conclusions Meeting clinical criteria for diabetes was not sufficient for increased depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that the 'knowing that one is ill' is associated with depressive symptoms in diabetic subjects.
Use of Sense of Smell in Determining Environmental Quality

The avoidance of harmful situations and agents often depends on man’s ability to assess odor characteristics. Although a few odors, for example, lemon, are considered pleasant and clean and are used for commercial purposes, odors are generally considered unhealthy annoyances to be removed from the air. This is in line with the view held by the World Health Organization’s definition of health26 as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” The present emphasis will be the subjective or mental experience of odor. No attempt will be made to describe the physical or chemical attributes of the sources of odors; neither will any space be devoted to the physiological or anatomical characteristics of the olfactory system.20
Influence of Smoking Status and Intensity on Discovery of Blood Pressure Loci Through Gene-Smoking Interactions.

Background Genetic variation accounts for approximately 30% of blood pressure (BP) variability but most of that variability has not been attributed to specific variants. Interactions between genes and BP-associated factors may explain some “missing heritability.” Cigarette smoking increases BP after short-term exposure and decreases BP with longer exposure. Gene-smoking interactions have discovered novel BP loci, but the contribution of smoking status and intensity to gene discovery is unknown. Methods We analyzed gene-smoking intensity interactions for association with systolic BP (SBP) in three subgroups from the Framingham Heart Study: current smokers only (N = 1,057), current and former smokers (“ever smokers,” N = 3,374), and all subjects (N = 6,710). We used three smoking intensity variables defined at cutoffs of 10, 15, and 20 cigarettes per day (CPD). We evaluated the 1 degree-of-freedom (df) interaction and 2df joint test using generalized estimating equations. Results Analysis of current smokers using a CPD cutoff of 10 produced two loci associated with SBP. The rs9399633 minor allele was associated with increased SBP (5 mmHg) in heavy smokers (CPD > 10) but decreased SBP (7 mmHg) in light smokers (CPD ≤ 10). The rs11717948 minor allele was associated with decreased SBP (8 mmHg) in light smokers but decreased SBP (2 mmHg) in heavy smokers. Across all nine analyses, 19 additional loci reached P < 1 × 10−6. Discussion Analysis of current smokers may have the highest power to detect gene-smoking interactions, despite the reduced sample size. Associations of loci near SASH1 and KLHL6/KLHL24 with SBP may be modulated by tobacco smoking.
Defect kinetics in a-Si:H — an alternative description

Abstract The time dependence of generation of light-induced metastable defects in a-Si:H is fully describable by the same stretched exponential (SE) as the relaxation of a quench-induced state. The time constant of this SE is shown to contain information about the dependence of defect generation on light intensity and optical properties of the material. This explains reported differences in generation rates in different materials.
Jacobson's conjecture and modules over fully bounded Noetherian rings

Abstract The object of this paper is to investigate finitely generated modules and injective modules over fully bounded Noetherian rings. Our main results on f.g. modules (Theorems 3.1 and 3.4) provide an analog of the Jordan-Holder Theorem and seem to be new even for commutative Noetherian rings. They imply the validity of Jacobson's conjecture for fully bounded Noetherian rings. The main result on injectives (Theorem 5.3) describes f.g. submodules of an indecomposible injective and shows how it can be built from indecomposible injectives over certain Artinian rings.
A Middle Triassic paleomagnetic pole for North America

Two stratigraphic sequences were sampled through the early Anisian Anton Chico Member of the Moenkopi Formation in north-eastern New Mexico. Two polarities of magnetization are present: a normal-polarity interval succeeded by a reversed-polarity interval and followed by a short normal- and reversed-polarity couplet. Detailed thermal demagnetization (10 to 17 steps) was employed to separate magnetic vectors. The secondary magnetization is largely a direction similar to the present-day and/or axial-field directions. Demagnetization above 520°C reveals a near-horizontal characteristic magnetization. The lithology of the stratigraphic sequence is such that the reversed polarity is contained almost exclusively within coarse sandstone lithologies, and hence, the reversed-polarity characteristic magnetization direction is rarely completely separated from the secondary magnetization. Because of this, the paleopole was calculated from only the lower normal-polarity portion of the section. The pole, calculated from the samples of two localities, is located at 121.4°E, 43.2°N, (α 95 = 5.3). This Middle Triassic paleopole is in good agreement with published Triassic paleomagnetic poles for cratonic North America and statistically overlaps the Early Triassic paleopoles. The large-scale relative motion during the Triassic between the magnetic pole and the North American plate is constrained by this study to have begun after early Middle Triassic time; it suggests that as much as 10° of apparent-polar wander occurred between the late Anisian-Ladinian (late Middle Triassic) and the middle to late Carnian (early Late Triassic), a time interval of between 11 and 14 m.y.
Form birefringence in biaxially oriented polypropylene

The birefringence of several biaxially oriented polypropylene films swollen with a number of fluids has been measured and found to exhibit a minimum when plotted against the fluid refractive index, as predicted by the theory of Wiener. However, a discrepancy in the form birefringence behavior is observed when samples of different degrees of crystallinity but the same total birefringence are compared. These results are interpreted in terms of Bullough's theory and suggest that this discrepancy arises because of different morphologies. A refractometric technique was employed that makes possible the simultaneous determination of birefringence and the volume fraction of fluid.
On better mousetraps and basic research: Getting the applied world to the laboratory door

Issues surrounding the relationship between the basic research community and the applied world are discussed. Considerations include the contrasting perspectives of the two worlds and the resulting differences in the ways in which design and evaluation are approached. These contrasts are used as a basis for suggesting mechanisms for improving transfer of basic research results to real world applications.
Towards a political economy of accounting: an empirical illustration of the Cambridge controversies – an update

Since Adam Smith’s ambiguous endorsement of neo-classical thought in his 18th Century Wealth of Nations, mainstream economists have followed his lead, and embraced neo-classical economics or marginalism and ‘forgot’ its forerunner: Classical Economic Theory (sometimes called the Labour Theory of Value). Until recently marginalism has held centre-stage. Things changed however with the Cambridge Controversies and Sraffa’s 1960 critique of marginalism. This 1960 intellectual knockout languished for some 40 years (demonstrating the triumph of ideology of intellectual verity). Fast forward to today’s economic crisis: neo-classicism is in crisis: failing to anticipate and explain market failures, market disequilibrium and the rise of oligopolies and monopolies – exposing the fallacy of competitive market discipline. This paper revives the critiques of marginalism provided by the Cambridge Controversies and illustrates how accounting ideas impact accounting statements using evidence from an empirical study of a ...
Phosphorylated Carbohydrate Intermediates of the Human Erythrocyte during Storage in Acid Citrate Dextrose

Blood was stored at 4 C. in ACD without additive or supplemented with adenine, inosine, inosine-adenine, or adenosine. After six weeks of storage the carbohydrate intermediates of the erythrocytes were studied by column chromatography. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) had disappeared from blood stored without additive or with adenine. Both ATP and DPG remained in erythrocytes stored with the other additives. Concentration of ATP was highest in blood stored with inosine-adenine, and the level of DPG was highest with the addition of adenosine to the storage solution.
Regge-Pole Contribution to Vector-Meson Production

A Regge-pole model of vector-meson production is considered and applied to $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ production. The Regge-pole contribution is computed explicitly, without use of the asymptotic forms. The residues are related to the well-known coupling constants. The only parameter is the slope of the trajectory, which is estimated to be 0.64/Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$. Good results for the differential cross section are obtained. The question of the decay density matrices is discussed briefly.
Chicken Oxygen Dissociation Curve by Dynamic Tonometry

Oxygen dissociation curves were determined for blood from mature (5 male, 5 female) Single Comb White Leghorn chickens. Blood was oxygenated by bubbling with humidified 95% O2, 5% CO2, 0% N2 at 100 ml/min for 30 min, then gradually deoxygenated with 0% O2, 5% CO2, 95% N2 at 4 ml/min. During deoxygenation .5 ml samples were drawn at 7 in intervals. The PO2, PCO2, and pH were measured polarographically and the content of O2 was measured by gas chromatography. The PO2 was corrected to T = 42 C, pH = 7.5, and PCO2 = 40 Torr. The curves were determined by plotting: 1) PO2 vs. % Saicont based on O2 content of each serial sample as compared to the fully oxygenated blood O2 content, and 2) PO2 vs. duration of dynamic tonometry plots. The curves determined by the two methods of data analysis corresponded closely, the P50 values (x +/- SD) being 36.2 +/- 2.5, 34.3 +/- 3.1 Torr, respectively.
Wave dispersion on a sheared current

Abstract The relationship between frequency and wavelength for waves travelling on a sheared current has been explored in a laboratory flume. Shifts in wavenumber occur due to the rotational contribution to the shear in addition to the Doppler shift of the mean flow. Measured changes in wavenumber due to positive and negative shears (shear is created upstream of the wavemaker by curved screens) agree with the dispersion relation described by J. Miles ( J. Fluid Mech . 8 (1960) 593–610).
Time ordered diagrams for the resonant raman effect from molecular vibrations

Abstract Time ordered diagrams for the creation of higher vibrational levels in the resonant Raman effect (RRE) have been used to calculate the intensities of fourteen overtones of the RRE in iodine vapor with the 4880 A line of an Ar + laser. Comparison of the calculated intensities with the data of Bernstein and collaborators shows reasonable agreement.
Effects of Supplemental Potassium Bicarbonate Upon 24Na and 42K Metabolism in Young Nonlactating Cows

Abstract Two sets of nonlactating fraternal twins were fed a basal ration or a basal ration plus KHCO 3 . Each of these animals was given 24 Na or 42 K orally and intravenously so that all combinations of rations, isotopes, and methods of administration were experienced within each twin set. Increasing dietary potassium with KHC0 3 by 39 to 48% (total intakes of 160 to 185g K per day) caused no serious metabolic disturbance but increased the urinary excretion of intravenously and orally given 42 K and the blood level of 24 Na. In general, dietary KHCO 3 decreased the blood level of both orally and intravenously given 42 K, probably by simple dilution. Regardless of whether the radiosotopes were given orally or intravenously, the proportions of each isotope excreted in feces remained nearly constant and small, indicating that fecal sodium and potassium are almost entirely endogenous in origin.
Organic metals: poly(N-methylpyrrole-2,5-diylvinylene-1,4-phenylenevinylene). A new polymer of high electrochemical reversibility

Poly(N-methylpyrrole-2,5-diylvinylene-1,4-phenylenevinylene)(MPPV), a new conjugated polymer, is rapidly oxidized by iodine to give material having an electrical conductivity of almost 10–1 S/cm; cyclic voltammetry of MPPV shows a high degree of electrochemical reversibility which is comparable to that of polyacetylene.
Fertility assessment of cheetah males with poor quality semen

Reports on semen quality of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) indicate that high percentages of abnormal morphs and sperm concentrations, 10 times lower than in domestic cats, are found in all populations. These characteristics are believed to result from unusual genetic homozygosity, hypothesized to have been caused by passage of the species through one or more population bottlenecks during its recent history. In a sample of 12 captive-living males, we found semen characteristics to be equal or inferior to those previously reported for males living in other captive facilities. Ten of these males (83.3%) nevertheless produced pregnancies. Seventeen of 19 pregnancies resulted from matings during a single estrus. This examination of the reproductive potential of males having comparatively inferior ejaculate quality supports the suggestion that husbandry programs may be more significant than physiological impairment in causing the low birth rates of captive cheetahs. These results also have implications for ascertaining fertility thresholds in mammalian populations undergoing increased levels of inbreeding as a consequence of habitat deterioration. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cardiac metastasis from testicular mixed germ cell tumor.

Testicular germ cell tumors rarely metastasize to the heart. We have seen a 26-year-old man with signs ofright-sided heart failure four years after a diagnosis of mixed germ cell testicular tumor. The tumor had components of yolk sac, embryonal carcinoma, seminoma, and teratoma. At the time of diagnosis, the patient undenvent left orchiectomy but refused chemotherapy and was lost to follow up. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large, irregular, mobile mass within the right atrium (RA) that prolapsed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle (RV) in diastole (Fig. IA). The mass was further characterized by transesophageal echocardiography as a large, freely mobile, irregular, multilobulated echodensity occupying most of the RA in systole (Fig. IC) and much of the RA and RV (Fig. 1 D) in diastole. The mass was also visualized within the superior (SVC) and inferior vena cavas. A five-day course of chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin was started. The patient subsequently underwent cardiac surgery with removal of an 8.0 X 6.0 X 1 .O cm mass from the RA consisting of multiple fragments of tan-yellow soft tissue with a grape-like appearance (Fig. IB). Tumor implants were also seen on chordae tendinae of the tricuspid valve, necessitating valve replacement. Histologic evaluation of the specimen showed a predominance of fibrin clot with islands of cartilage. Metastatic tumor cells with large and pleomorphic nuclei were seen scattered throughout the mass.
Cryopreservation of photosynthetic plant cell suspension cultures

Attempts were made to cryopreserve in liquid nitrogen six different photomixotrophic suspension cultured lines of five different species:Amaranthus powellii Wats.,Datura innoxia Mill.,Glycine max (L.) Merr.,Gossypium hirsutum L. andNicotiana tabacum xNicotiana glutinosa L. fusion hybrid. Only theD. innoxia line, DAT, and theG. max line, SB1, could be successfully recovered as viable, growing, dark green cultures. The successful method utilized a preculture treatment of from 2 to 8 days in a medium containing 3% starch and 3% sorbitol for DAT and 3% sucrose and 3% sorbitol for SB1 cells. The cells survived if frozen with 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 9.1% sorbitol or with 10% DMSO and 8% sucrose. Following a programmed slow-cooling, the cells were thawed in a 40° C bath and could be recovered directly when added to fresh liquid medium. Cryostorage of these lines will save labor and prevent further genetic changes from occurring in these unique suspension cultures.
Ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring: the importance of manometry.

Objective: Historically, manometry has been used for sphincter localization before ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring to ensure accurate placement of the probes. Recently, direct-vision placement (DVP), using transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy (TFL), has been offered as an alternative technique. Presumably, DVP might be used to precisely place the proximal (pharyngeal) pH probe; however, using DVP, there appears to be no way to accurately position the distal (esophageal) probe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of DVP for pH probe placement using manometric measurement as the gold standard. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing pH monitoring participated in this prospective study. Each subject underwent manometric examination of the esophagus to determine the precise location of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters (UES and LES). In addition, external anatomic landmarks were used to estimate interprobe distances. A physician blinded to the manometry results then placed a pH catheter using DVP so that the proximal probe was located just above the UES. The results were recorded and compared with those obtained by manometry. Results: Accurate DVP of the proximal pH probe was achieved in 70% (23 of 30) of the subjects. The use of external anatomic landmarks to estimate interprobe distance resulted in accurate positioning of the distal probe in only 40% (12 of 30) of the subjects. Using fixed interprobe distances of 15 cm and 20 cm, distal probe position accuracy was 3% (1 of 30) and 40% (12 of 30), respectively. Therefore, using DVP, the distal esophageal probe was in an incorrect position in 60% to 97% of subjects. Conclusion: For double-probe pH monitoring, the proximal probe can be accurately positioned by DVP; however, there is no precise way to determine the interprobe distance required to correctly position the distal pH probe. Failure to accurately position the distal probe results in grossly inaccurate esophageal acid-exposure times. Thus, manometry is needed to ensure valid double-probe pH monitoring data.
Resonance spin assignments in 12C+12C(3(-)) inelastic scattering from angular correlation methods.

Angular correlation techniques have been used to determine the spin of a strong resonance observed in the {sup 12}C +{sup 12}C(3{sup {minus}};9.64 MeV) inelastic scattering channel, at a bombarding energy of 33.5 MeV in the center-of-mass system. The alpha particles produced in the sequential decay {sup 12}C(3{sup {minus}}){r_arrow}{sup 8}Be(g.s.) + {alpha}{sub 0} were detected using four double-sided silicon strip detectors. The data are consistent with a spin assignment of {ital J}{sup {pi}}=18{sup +} for this resonance. The current results are compared to calculations of resonance behavior in this system from the band crossing model. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Unconscious motives and human action

Our interest in unconscious motives is not only theoretical; it is also practical, moral. Unconscious motives often perform a useful function, but this may be bought at too high a price. Special therapeutic techniques may be needed to liberate a person from the grip of an unconscious motive. Such a liberation is possible because unconscious motives operate within the larger area of conscious self‐control. The goal of rational behavior is to enlarge this area of self‐control by greater self‐knowledge. The limits of self‐knowledge and self‐control are flexible, and it is desirable to extend them as far as possible.
Punishment and Restoration: Managerial Responses to Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behavior

Traditional management theory and research has focused on the manager’s use of punishment in the aftermath of employee wrongdoing. Recently, scholars have begun to examine how punishment can be int...
Vanadium Oxide Nanorods for Li-Ion Battery Applications

Vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) nanorods of size 10-50 nm diameter with a length of several micrometers were synthesized from xerogels through a template-free simple hydrothermal process. The pristine products were then characterized using X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The measured specific charge for template-free V 2 O 5 nanorods is 385 mAh/g during the initial discharge process. A decrease in the specific charge during cycling indicates the loss of electronegativity.
Photofragment imaging: The 266 nm photodissociation of CH3I

Abstract We use photofragment imaging to study the internal-state and velocity distributions of methyl fragments following photodissociation of CH 3 I molecules in a pulsed molecular beam by 266 nm radiation. The methyl fragments are state-selectively ionized via 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) through the 3p z Rydberg state. The velocity distribution for a particular internal state of the methyl radical is obtained from the images; this velocity distribution is then used to determine the branching of the methyl iodide into either the ground-state iodine, I( 2 P 3 2 ), or excited-state iodine I( 2 P 1 2 ), channel or the selected state of the methyl radical. We find that the branching ratio, I( 2 P 3 2 )/I( 2 P sol1 2 ), increases with increasing vibrational excitation in the methyl fragment. In addition, we use a line by line analysis to extract populations from the observed spectra of the 0 0 0 band of the 3p z ←X transition of the CH 3 fragment. The fit reproduces the observed spectrum and represents conservation of the K quantum number (spin about the C 3 axis) upon dissociation. For internally cold parent molecules, the amount of rotational energy about the fragment figure axis is found to be about 8 cm −1 and about 106 cm −1 for rotational energy perpendicular to the figure axis.
Microprocessor keyboard encoding

Abstract Industrial keyboards have diverse mechanical and electrical requirements. It has been found that using a microprocessor - the Signetics 2650 - permits a single printed circuit assembly to provide almost all of the facilities required without significant redundancy. The cost of the microprocessor keyboard encoder is equivalent to that of a previous hardware version, but offers significant advantages.
Maintenance of high extracellular pH does not influence cell pH or metabolism in submerged anoxic bullfrogs.

We compared extracellular and intracellular acid-base states in paralyzed bullfrogs subjected to 4 h of anoxic submergence at 15°C with or without maintenance of extracellular pH at preanoxic levels by bicarbonate infusion. We also assessed anaerobic metabolism under these conditions by measuring tissue lactate and glycogen concentrations in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Although bicarbonate infusion resulted in a significantly higher arterial blood pH (pHe) than saline infusion, intracellular pH (pHi) of heart and skeletal muscle, as determined by the DMO equilibration technqiue, were not significantly different after 4 h of anoxia. We were also unable to demonstrate any differences in anaerobic metabolic rate, since both tissue lactate accumulation and glycogen depletion were identical in bicarbonate- and saline-infused frogs in the tissues studied. We conclude that (1) alterations in the extracellular acid-base state by bicarbonate infusion are not necessarily reflected in the intracellular compartment, perhaps due to powerful intracellular buffering processes, and (2) maintenance of an alkaline extracellular pH during anoxia in bullfrogs does not influence the anaerobic metabolic rate. We could not, however, rule out a possible role for intracellular pH in regulating anaerobic metabolism during anoxia in frogs. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coincidence FDG-PET in the evaluation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: preliminary findings

Background Bone involvement in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is common. Both bone scintigraphy and plain films are used to identify osseous lesions, but lack specificity for disease activity and response to therapy. FDG-PET is a sensitive technique for identifying bone lesions when histiocytes are present.
Flow quantification using low-spatial-resolution and low-velocity-resolution velocity images.

In this report, a flow-quantification method using Fourier velocity encoding (FVE) with limited spatial and velocity resolution is presented. The total flow rate in a vessel corresponds to the first moment of the velocity histogram of spins in the vessel, whereas the spin density of flowing spins is the normalization constant. Because the measured histogram using FVE is distorted by RF saturation effects, the RF saturation effects are first estimated and then accurately compensated by acquiring five velocity-encoded images. The spatial resolution in each image can be relatively low because all stationary spins vanish in the resultant flow map. In a phantom study, the errors in measured flow rates were within +/-10% even when the pixel size was greater than the vessel size. This method was also successfully applied to measure flow in the femoral artery. In general, this method constitutes a basis for analyzing multiple velocity-encoded images and is particularly useful for quantifying slow flow or flow in small vessels. Magn Reson Med 42:682-690, 1999.
Implementation of an X-band phased-array subsystem in a deep space mission

The MESSENGER spacecraft, the first mission to the planet Mercury since 1975, will achieve Mercury orbit in 2011. The spacecraft uses two opposite-facing mission-enabling X-band (8.4 GHz) phased-array antennas to achieve high-rate downlink communications. The spacecraft orientation is constrained such that a preferred direction faces the Sun; rotation about the Sun-line is allowable. The main beam of each antenna is steerable in one dimension. These two degrees of freedom allow the main beam of the phased array to be pointed in any direction about the spacecraft. A novel system-level design requires many different subsystems of the spacecraft to interact together to achieve accurate beam-pointing, and thus, high-rate downlink data from Mercury to Earth
Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibition, a Novel Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes?

The insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) has been identified as a type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease susceptibility gene, though its physiological function remains unclear. Maianti et al. (2014) now propose that an IDE inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
Immunonutrition: the role of arginine

Clearly, arginine has great potential as an immunomodulator and may prove useful in catabolic conditions such as severe sepsis and postoperative stress. there is a body of evidence suggesting that supplemental arginine upregulates immune function and reduces the incidence of postoperative infection. More modest improvements in nitrogen balance have been observed. Tumor response to arginine appears to depend on the immunogenicity of the particular tumor and on the requirement of arginine by the tumor as a growth substrate. Of note, ornithine shares the thymotrophic, immunostimulatory and secretagogue effects of arginine. It is, therefore, likely that these compounds share the same cellular mechanism of action or that arginine acts via increasing the concentration of available ornithine. The role of arginine in the injured patient and in the tumor-bearing host demands additional study based on the promising experimental evidence regarding the supplemental use of arginine.
Virus-neutralizing activity, serologic heterogeneity, and retrovirus isolation from homosexual men in the Los Angeles area

Abstract Human retroviruses have been causally associated with the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in groups of individuals at high risk including intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs, and homosexual men. Aside from classic AIDS, homosexual men also develop persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) which is considered a part of the AIDS-related complex (ARC). We have isolated 70 strains of retroviruses related to human T-lymphotropic viruses type III (HTLV-III) from patients with PGL, AIDS, or ARC. Analyses of sera from these patients indicated a high degree of serologic heterogeneity in the antibody titers and their reactivities toward various HTLV-III viral proteins. In addition, we have detected virus-neutralizing antibodies in approximately 50% of the serum samples tested from patients with PGL or AIDS. This is the first comprehensive virologic and serologic report on more than 100 patients studied at one institution in Los Angeles.
Ultrastructural changes in the neural lobe of the hypophysis of the rat during lactation and suckling.

Ultrastructural changes in the neural lobe related to lactation and release of oxytocin in response to suckling were observed. Neural lobes of nonlactating controls showed abundant stores of osmiophilic neurosecretion contained in vesicles in the axons. In contrast, the glands of lactating rats sacrificed during suckling by the young displayed extensive depletion as evidenced by decreased numbers of vesicles containing osmiophilic neurosecretion and increased numbers of optically clear neurosecretory vesicles. When a lapse of 15 minutes was allowed between removal of the suckling young and sacrifice of the mother, a high degree of restoration of neurosecretion had taken place, with approximately 50% of the axons filled with neurosecretion. After 1 hour the restoration of neurosecretion was virtually complete. Observations on synaptic vesicles were also made. Relations of these changes to hormonal events and mechanisms of release and restoration of neurosecretion are discussed.
Discussion: Anticipating problems - Doing social science research in the shadow of the law

As a social science researcher, should you promise full confidentiality to the people that you are studying? If the government or a private plaintiff wants your research notes or records, will you be put to the choice of either breaking your confidences or going to jail? In their provocative article, Anticipating Law, Ted Palys and John Lowman suggest that those researchers who design their projects so as to maximize the need for confidences and who actually make stronger promises of confidentiality may be able to give both their participants and themselves more legal protection. This strategic use of the law is both the paper's strength and its primary danger. While many (if not most) researchers blithely promise their participants absolute confidentiality, the more sophisticated among them have been promising much less. During my own Ph.D. training at the University of Chicago, Professor Norman Bradbum, who was also the Research Director of the National Opinion Research Center, instructed his graduate students not to promise any more than you can deliver. He recommended promising to keep information confidential only to the extent that the law allows.