cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PI(4,5)P2 regulation of surface membrane traffic

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI[4,5]P(2)) has emerged as an important signaling molecule in the membrane for regulating vesicle exo- and endocytosis and the accompanying actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. Localization studies with GFP-tagged binding domains and antibodies provide new views of the non-uniform, dynamic distribution of PI(4,5)P(2) in membranes and its organization in raft-like domains. The targeting of phosphoinositide kinases by GTPases can coordinate the reactions of membrane fusion and fission with cytoskeletal assembly, providing a basis for membrane movement.
A Fully Coupled Variable Properties Thermohydraulic Model for a Cryogenic Hydrostatic Journal Bearing

The goal set forth here is to continue the work started by Braun et al. (1984-1985) and present an integrated analysis of the behavior of the two row, 20 staggered pockets, hydrostatic cryogenic bearing used by the turbopumps of the Space Shuttle main engine. The variable properties Reynolds equation is fully coupled with the two-dimensional fluid film energy equation. The three-dimensional equations of the shaft and bushing model the boundary conditions of the fluid film energy equation. The effects of shaft eccentricity, angular velocity, and inertia pressure drops at pocket edge are incorporated in the model. Their effects on the bearing fluid properties, load carrying capacity, mass flow, pressure, velocity, and temperature form the ultimate object of this paper.
Alprazolam decreases isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in the rat.

Myocardial trauma and damage were induced by two doses of isoproterenol 40 mg.kg-1 in rats. Isoproterenol injections alone caused the expected cardiotoxicity. Two doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg.kg-1 decreased the severity of electrocardiographic changes after isoproterenol injection and the amount of myocardial tissue damage. The frequency of ischaemic ST-T changes, flat or inverted T waves, Q wave appearance, and heart block was significantly reduced in the alprazolam group. The alprazolam treated group had a significantly smaller proportion of infarcted tissue in the ventricular section (2.3%) and in the apical sections (1.8%) than the vehicle injected rats (6.5% and 14.7% respectively). There was no difference in wet heart weight or in heart rate between the alprazolam group and the control group. These results show that alprazolam has a cardioprotective effect in rats treated with cardiac damaging doses of isoproterenol.
Christianity and human demographic change: towards a diagnostic ethic

Dialogue between Christianity and ecology over demographic issues is limited by four problems: a preference for the global and the apocalyptic, a preference for first order ethical approaches, lack of mutual comprehension of scientific and religious vocabularies and concepts, and inappropriate application of scriptural passages. Christian environmentalists and ethicists could enhance their understanding of demographic processes and respond more sensitively to demographic change by pursuing a diagnostic ethic that concentrates on regional data and identifies the appropriate scale of potential impacts; tests concepts on well-developed case histories; carefully identifies the specific issues, such as questions concerning women’s rights and those concerning environmental degradation; accurately describes the concerns of the people actually involved; and recognizes that religion can either significantly hinder or greatly help appropriate social response.
“No longer a silent victim of history:” repurposing the documents of Japanese American internment

During World War II, the US government detained over 120,000 Japanese American men, women, and children in internment camps. Two-thirds were American citizens, yet they were treated as enemies of the American people. After the war, historians and activists used archival records created during internment to prove that it had been unjustified by military necessity. They succeeded in overturning Supreme Court rulings and achieved redress for former internees. By relying on the documentary record created during internment and preserved in archives, it was later possible to hold the American government accountable for the violation of people’s rights. The very documents that were originally used to control the Japanese American population became the documents that enabled recognition of injustice and led to the conclusion of the redress movement.
Cell surface beta1,4-galactosyltransferase function in mammary gland morphogenesis: insights from transgenic and knockout mouse models.

Development and morphogenesis are profoundly influenced by cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that are governed by cell surface receptor association with specific ligands. One such receptor is the long isoform of β1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a small proportion of which is targeted to the plasma membrane. Surface-expressed GalT I binds to specific glycoside residues on multiple extracellular ligands, and GalT I binding to specific ligands mediates cell–cell as well as cell–matrix interactions for a variety of cells, including mammary epithelia. Significant insight into surface GalT I function in mammary gland development and morphogenesis has been gained through the analysis of mouse transgenic and knockout models of surface GalT I misexpression. Overexpression of cell surface GalT I leads to impaired lactation as a result of reduced branching and differentiation and elevated apoptosis, while deleting surface GalT I enhances branching and differentiation and reduces apoptosis. These phenotypes can be attributed in large part to altered cell–ECM interactions. The current and future challenges are to use these mouse models to dissect the molecular mechanisms that govern surface GalT I function as a receptor in the normal mammary gland, as well as to assess the potential for surface GalT I misexpression to contribute to disease.
Academic Departments as Networks of Informal Learning: Faculty Development at Liberal Arts Colleges.

In this article, we consider the role of departmental contexts and relationships in faculty work within liberal arts colleges. Knowledge about how departmental networks relate to success and satisfaction may inform the work of those who support faculty work in liberal arts colleges, as well as other institution types. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative survey data from faculty members at 13 liberal arts colleges in the US suggests that informal departmental relationships influence faculty experiences. Findings suggest that departmental leaders and colleagues are sources of professional development and support, but that counter-productive behaviours interfere with such support and foster negative workplace cultures.
Sampling from the Binomial Distribution on a Computer

Abstract This article describes a method of sampling from the binomial distribution (B(n, p) that appears less costly than the beta method recently suggested by Relies (1972) and Ahrens and Dieter (1974). The method uses the acceptance-rejection technique together with an efficient sampling algorithm for the Poisson distribution (Fishman 1976) to provide a binomial variate with cost proportional to {n min[p/(1 — p), (1 — p)/p]}1/2. The article also assesses the use of a normal approximation for the Poisson distribution for n min(p, 1 — p) ≥ 15 and shows the additional saving as a function of n and p.
Packaging of In-Plane Thermal Microactuators for BioMEMS Applications

This paper addresses two issues related to in-plane, electro-thermal actuators for BioMEMS applications. First, in order to protect the actuator from biological debris and particulates, a packaging technique using a flip-chip bonded polysilicon cap is demonstrated. The encapsulated actuator transmits motion outside the package via a piston, which moves through a small clearance. The second issue addressed is the reduction in efficiency of the thermal actuator in liquids. By coating the packaged actuator with a thin conformal hydrophobic layer via an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, the liquid is prevented from entering the encapsulation. This avoids direct contact between the actuator and the surrounding liquid thereby improving its efficiency. The unpackaged and packaged actuators were tested in both air and de-ionized water. Although the packaging resulted in a reduction in the performance of the thermal actuator in air, the actuation efficiency in water was significantly improved due to the isolation of the hot arms from the liquid. This packaging technique is also applicable to other MEMS devices and in-plane actuators such as electrostatic comb drives for engineering as well as biological applications.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Life History and Growth Pattern of Paratendipes albimanus in a Michigan Headwater Stream

The natural history and pattern of growth of a stream-dwelling chironomid, Paratendipes albimanus (Meigen), were studied in Augusta Creek, Kalamazoo Co., Mich. Collections of egg masses enabled observations of hatching and activity of larvulae. Significant anatomical changes occurred at the 1st molt and larval structures did not take their final form until the 3rd instar. Measurements of changes in larval dry weight revealed that the Augusta Creek population was univoltine, with a flight and oviposition period from late June to mid-July. P. albimanus had a rather complex pattern of growth, in which development was divided into 4 distinct periods. Brief periods of growth during the summer and fall left the overwintering population as a mixture of I and II instars, while growth phases in Apr. and June represented 99% of the final population biomass accumulation.
Ten Common Myths of Ballistic Injuries

The science of ballistics can be confusing. Specific treatment dogmas regarding ballistic injuries should be examined to ensure that they are supported by scientific data. If determined to be unfounded, these dogmas should be discontinued from the teaching centers and eliminated from clinical practice. Tissue injury by ballistic projectiles is caused by the design and composition of a bullet and the velocity it is traveling when it strikes a target. Velocity or projectile shape alone cannot be the basis for any treatment. Each wound must be evaluated individually, with the determination of care decided by fact and clinical assessment, not rigid treatment protocols. Language: en
Differential repair and replication of damaged DNA in ribosomal RNA genes in different CHO cell lines.

We studied the repair of psoralen adducts in the pol I-transcribed ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of excision repair competent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, their UV sensitive mutant derivatives, and their UV resistant transformants, which express a human excision repair gene. In the parental cell line CHO-AA8, both monoadducts and interstrand crosslinks are removed efficiently from the rRNA genes, whereas neither adduct is removed in the UV sensitive derivative UV5; removal of both adducts is restored in the UV resistant transformant CHO-5T4 carrying the human excision repair gene ERCC-2. In contrast, removal of psoralen adducts from the rRNA genes is not detected in another parental CHO cell line CHO-9, neither in its UV sensitive derivative 43-3B, nor in its UV resistant transformant 83-G5 carrying the human excision repair gene ERCC-1. In contrast to such intergenomic heterogeneity of repair, persistence of psoralen monoadducts during replication of the rRNA genes occurs equally well in all CHO cell lines tested. From these data, we conclude that: 1) the repair efficiency of DNA damage in the rRNA genes varies between established parental CHO cell lines; 2) the repair pathways of intrastrand adducts and interstrand crosslinks in mammalian cells share, at least, one gene product, i.e., the excision repair gene ERCC-2; 3) replicational bypass of psoralen monoadducts at the CHO rRNA locus occurs similarly on both DNA strands.
Solving Large-Scale Problems: A Venture into a New Dimension

While educational programs and professional journals typically devote much of their resources to exact, mathematically elegant methods for the solution of small or modest size problems, the practitioner often encounters large-scale or massive problems for which such exact methods hold little promise. This paper discusses this phenomena and presents some thoughts as to the incorporation of guidelines through which largescale problems may be solved by means of efficient heuristic techniques. Further, these heuristics are classified and related to a fundamental set of base heuristics.
Hormonal regulation of serum alpha1-antitrypsin and hepatic alpha1-antitrypsin mRNA in rats

Summary We evaluated the effects of pituitary dependent hormones on alpha1-antitrypsin in male rats. Hepatic alpha1-antitrypsin mRNA was measured by in vitro translation and by specific hybridization with a mouse cDNA alpha1-antitrypsin probe. Hypophysectomy caused a 50–75% decrease in serum elastase inhibitory capacity (measuring functional alpha1-antitrypsin) and hepatic alpha1-antitrypsin mRNA content. In hypophysectomized animals, no increase in elastase inhibitory capacity or alpha1-antitrypsin mRNA levels by translation was found when met-human growth hormone alone or corticosterone, dihydrotestosterone and thyroxine were given together. Growth hormone increased alpha1-antitrypsin mRNA by hybridization to a small extent. Addition of growth hormone to the combination of corticosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and thyroxine increased serum elastase inhibitory capacity and alpha1-antitrypsin mRNA. We conclude that growth hormone acts synergistically with the other pituitary dependent hormones to regulate serum and hepatic mRNA levels of alpha1-antitrypsin.
Feasibility of a truly collocated piezoelectric sensor/actuator

Piezoelectric ceramics have become an area of interest in the smart structures arena during the past several years. They have shown promise in the area of structures control because of their simplicity, low power consumption, application to wide frequency range, and ability to be attached to structures in a distributed nature. In addition, an attractive feature of piezoceramics is that they have the ability to act as both as a sensor and/or an actuator. In fact, a piezoelectric element can act in both capacities simultaneously. This is particularly attractive to the controls designer because a self-sensing piezoactuator can be considered to be a collocated sensor-actuator pair. This paper deals with the comparisons between analytical and experimental results of piezoelectrics as both sensors and actuators. It contains a survey of some of works conducted in the area of self- sensing actuators, and briefly discusses their results. It also contains analytical and experimental results of work conducted at the United States Air Force Academy with a two meter aluminum beam instrumented and actuated with piezoelectric patches. Results include comparisons of transfer functions for various collocated sensor/actuator pairs to numerical results.
Molecular aspects of inflammatory and immune responses in Alzheimer's disease

Recent advances indicate numerous molecular and cellular elements of the immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid β protein deposition induces many molecules associated with a predominantly local inflammatory response within the brain parenchyma. These responses also provoke the release of immune system mediators including cytokines, which all seem largely to be produced by reactive cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Classical acute phase proteins of the pentraxin and serine protease inhibitor (serpin) families as well as a host of complement proteins and some coagulation factors seem the most intrinsically involved. These secreted molecules display variable binding with the amyloidotic lesions. Although our understanding of the molecular specificity and significance of the interaction of these proteins within the lesions is not replete, the development of unique inhibitors of the inflammatory reactions could provide therapeutic strategies to impede the pathogenetic process. Currently, this appears a more viable option than to inhibit amyloid β production or modify amyloid β precursor protein processing, an approach which seems more complex.
Activity Scheduling to Increase Staff-Patient Interactions

Abstract The effects of planned activities training procedures with staff on the quantity of staff-patient interactions were examined. Subjects were five direct-care staff members employed at a residential facility for adults with schizophrenia. Observations were conducted on the clinical unit during morning grooming, leisure time, and organized group activities. Three interventions were used: a memo, staff training in planned activities and incidental teaching procedures, and the public posting of activity schedules. The memo was ineffective at increasing the staff-patient interactions, as was the staff training. However, the public posting intervention demonstrated an increase in staff-patient interactions. This increase continued and was evident from follow-up evaluations. The advantages and limitations of this study are discussed.
Culture, Reproduction, and Temperature Tolerance of Pontoporeia affinis in the Laboratory

Abstract Pontoporeia affinis was maintained in the laboratory at 6 C for over 3 months, during which time the animals reproduced successfully. They appeared to require a silty substrate into which they could burrow, and any marked circulation or agitation of the water had an adverse effect upon them. A mixture of a powdered egg-yolk preparation and dehydrated cereal-grass leaf powder was the most successful food source. Temperature tolerance tests resulted in a 24-hr TLm of 12 C, a 96-hr TLm of 10.8 C, and a 30-day TLm of 10.4 C.
A viewpoint: common sense and belief formation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at the relation between beliefs and action in common sense judgment. The basic aim of the paper is to define and present a rational model of commonsense choice for the individual based on situation, belief, and personal resources. Second, the paper hypothesizes skills needed to make “good” commonsense choices.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a speculative essay. It draws from psychology, economics and game theory as a basis for its findings.Findings – A schema useful for the modeling of commonsense judgment is developed. Factors that are the basis for belief formation or belief changes are analyzed within the context of the schema. Skills needed for good judgment are proposed.Research implications – The model lays a basis for conceptual and empirical study on judgments made by individuals as defined by their situation, beliefs, and resources.Practical implications – The model has promise for analyzing individual and group decisions in a variety of ...
Successful endoscopic management of a chronic transplant ureterocutaneous fistula.

Objective To illustrate a minimally invasive, well-tolerated, clinically, and cost-effective method for surgically managing a high-output, transplant ureterocutaneous fistula manifesting as chronic urinary tract infection and recurrent pyelonephritis. This method will subject the immunosuppressed patient to less morbidity and minimize risk to the functioning renal graft. Methods A combined percutaneous-endoscopic fistula closure method was developed using Deflux® to cystoscopically occlude the transplant ureteral orifice and Bioglue® to seal the ureter and fistula tract. Results The patient was infection free, completely dry, and had no voiding dysfunction after undergoing this occlusion method. Conclusion This report demonstrates that this minimally invasive technique is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective technique that may be offered as an outpatient, first-line therapy over open or laparoscopic excision.
Acoustic liner optimum impedance for spinning modes with mode cut-off ratio as the design criterion

The theoretical optimum acoustic impedance for higher order spinning modes was studied in cylindrical ducts with a boundary layer at the outer edge of a uniform flow. All of the propagating modes were considered from highly propagating to nearly cut-off. It was observed that the mode cut-off ratio uniquely determined the optimum wall impedance and maximum possible attenuation for a given boundary layer thickness, Mach number and frequency. The implications of this phenomenon are quite important in noise suppressor design. Instead of the acoustic power distribution among all of the propagating modes, only the power distribution as a function of cut-off ratio needs to be known. Also, the far field radiation pattern is a function of modal cut-off ratio, and much needed information for liner design can be obtained from these more easily obtained data.
Estimating the degree of nonlinearity in transient responses with zeroed early-time fast Fourier transforms

This work presents time-frequency signal processing methods for detecting and characterizing nonlinearity in transient response measurements. The methods are intended for systems whose response becomes increasingly linear as the response amplitude decays. The discrete Fourier transform of the response data is found with various sections of the initial response set to zero. These frequency responses, dubbed zeroed early-time fast Fourier transforms (ZEFFTs), acquire the usual shape of linear frequency response functions (FRFs) as more of the initial nonlinear response is nullified. Hence, nonlinearity is evidenced by a qualitative change in the shape of the ZEFFT as the length of the initial nullified section is varied. These spectra are shown to be sensitive to nonlinearity, revealing its presence even if it is active in only the first few cycles of a response, as may be the case with macro-slip in mechanical joints. They also give insight into the character of the nonlinearity, potentially revealing nonlinear energy transfer between modes or the modal amplitudes below which a system behaves linearly. In some cases one can identify a linear model from the late time, linear response, and use it to reconstruct the response that the system would have executed at previous times if it had been linear. This gives an indication of the severity of the nonlinearity and its effect on the measured response. The methods are demonstrated on both analytical and experimental data from systems with slip and impact nonlinearities.
Negotiating work and family: lifestyle migration, potential selves and the role of second homes as potential spaces

This article is based on ethnographic research conducted in the USA with migrants who use an act of relocation as a means of deliberately constructing identity as well as seeking greater ‘balance’ and ‘control’ in their lives. Specifically, it examines how ‘second’ homes can serve as a transitional or ‘potential space’ in the lives of these migrants not only between different geographic places but also what are taken to be distinct identities and ideals associated with these places and the lives lived in them. Such behaviour is not simply about coping and adapting to a new environment; rather, it is about using qualities of destination places to reconcile different visions of self and family purposefully set apart by relocation and a particular notion of ‘the good’ that underlies a ‘lifestyle commitment’ attached to the new place. The author highlights how research into the changing dynamics of work and family can help us understand, generally, effects of an emergent, economic order on working families an...
Edge detection applied to SST fields

An algorithm designed to detect fronts automatically in satellite-derived sea-surface temperature (SST) fields is presented. The algorithm is operated at different levels to detect and differentiate between false and true edges. For purposes of comparison, the algorithm is applied to a test set of 98 SST images to detect the northern edge of the Gulf Stream. The algorithm successfully detected valid temperature fronts and ignored false edges, and also produced statistics about the temperature fronts that are useful in the subsequent analysis of these fronts. It is assumed that the algorithm performs equally well on other SST fronts such as those associated with rings, the subtropical convergence, or the shelf/slope fronts.
p53 Oligomerization Is Essential for Its C-terminal Lysine Acetylation

Acetylation of multiple lysine residues in the p53 plays critical roles in the protein stability and transcriptional activity of p53. To better understand how p53 acetylation is regulated, we generated a number of p53 mutants and examined acetylation of each mutant in transfected cells. We found that p53 mutants that are defective in tetramer formation are also defective in C-terminal lysine residue acetylation. Consistently, we found that several cancer-derived p53 mutants that bear mutations in the tetramerization domain cannot form oligomers and are defective in C-terminal lysine acetylation, and these mutants are inactive in p21 transactivation. We demonstrated that the acetyltransferase p300 interacts with and promotes acetylation of wild-type p53 but not with any of the artificially generated or human cancer-derived p53 mutants that are defective in oligomerization. These results, combined with a computer-aided crystal structure analysis, suggest a model in which p53 oligomerization precedes its acetylation by providing docking sites for acetyltransferases.
The Effect of Sample Size on the Functioning of the Mantel-Haenszel Statistic:

The Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure has become one of the most popular procedures for detecting differential item functioning. Valid results with relatively small numbers of examinees are one of the advantages typically attributed to this procedure. In this study, examinee item responses were simulated to contain differentially functioning items, and then were analyzed at five sample sizes to compare detection rates. Results showed the MH procedure missed 25 to 30% of the differentially functioning items when groups of 2000 were used. When 500 or fewer examinees were retained in each group, more than 50% of the differentially functioning items were missed. The items most likely to be undetected were those which were most difficult, those with a small difference in item difficulty between the two groups, and poorly discriminating items.
The Effect of a Student Video Project on Vocabulary Retention of First‐Year Secondary School German Students

The present study is an attempt to fill the void of specific research-supported information on types of interactive vocabulary learning. The study, conducted with 272 participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, examines the relationship between interactive, output-dominant vocabulary practice and students' achievement on vocabulary recall tests. The interactive practice took the form of video projects, assignments in which teams performed in specific conversational situations captured by video. The participants in the experimental groups prepared video fashion shows, while the students in the control groups completed worksheet assignments. The 2X2 mixed ANOVA (F = 24.748, p = .000) and ANCOVA (F =14.877, p = .000) revealed that although both groups improved their performance, the experimental group showed a higher gain in scores over time.
Experimental Pneumonia Due to Pseudomonas in Dogs: Controlled Trial of Granulocyte Transfusion Therapy

Patients with granulocytopenia are predisposed to development of bacterial infections. At the present time, in granulocytopenic patients infections with Pseudomonas are very common, occurring in up to one-fourth of the patients at risk [1]. Despite the development of new antibiotics and new combinations of antibiotics, mortality from infections with Pseudomonas remains particularly high in patients with low counts of blood granulocytes [2]. A direct approach to correction of this hostdefense defect is replacement of the absent granulocytes by transfusion. To study the usefulness of this approach we have developed an animal model of pneumonia due to Pseudomonas in leukopenic dogs. We have conducted a controlled trial comparing gentamicin alone with gentamicin plus transfusions of granulocytes for the treatment of this experimental infection [3].
Enduring Poststroke Motor Functional Improvements by a Well-Timed Combination of Motor Rehabilitative Training and Cortical Stimulation in Rats.

Background. In animal stroke models, peri-infarct cortical stimulation (CS) combined with rehabilitative reach training (RT) enhances motor functional outcome and cortical reorganization, compared ...
Change in the Classroom Deportment of Children following Change from Daylight Saving Time

The deportment of each student in a third-grade classroom was rated by the teacher before and after the fall change from Daylight Saving Time (DST), as a test of the hypothesis that change to or from DST has a disruptive effect on behavior. We were surprised to find a significant interaction of sex of student × ratings. Subsequent to the change from DST, the deportment of the boys improved significantly while the deportment of the girls was significantly disrupted.
Evaluation of Intra-Host Variants of the Entire Hepatitis B Virus Genome

Genetic analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) frequently involves study of intra-host variants, identification of which is commonly achieved using short regions of the HBV genome. However, the use of short sequences significantly limits evaluation of genetic relatedness among HBV strains. Although analysis of HBV complete genomes using genetic cloning has been developed, its application is highly labor intensive and practiced only infrequently. We describe here a novel approach to whole genome (WG) HBV quasispecies analysis based on end-point, limiting-dilution real-time PCR (EPLD-PCR) for amplification of single HBV genome variants, and their subsequent sequencing. EPLD-PCR was used to analyze WG quasispecies from serum samples of patients (n = 38) infected with HBV genotypes A, B, C, D, E and G. Phylogenetic analysis of the EPLD-isolated HBV-WG quasispecies showed the presence of mixed genotypes, recombinant variants and sub-populations of the virus. A critical observation was that HBV-WG consensus sequences obtained by direct sequencing of PCR fragments without EPLD are genetically close, but not always identical to the major HBV variants in the intra-host population, thus indicating that consensus sequences should be judiciously used in genetic analysis. Sequence-based studies of HBV WG quasispecies should afford a more accurate assessment of HBV evolution in various clinical and epidemiological settings.
To Infinium, and Beyond!

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor that kills most patients within 2 years. In this issue of Cancer Cell , Noushmehr et al., through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, provide one of the first integrated views of the GBM methylome, adding to our increasingly comprehensive understanding of this disease.
Effect of radial reinforcement on the strength of glass-plastic shells in loading with external pressure

fibers," Zh. Vses. Khim. Obva., 23, No. 3, 259-263 (1978). 8. K. E. Perepelkin, "Limiting mechanical properties of oriented polymeric structures such as reinforcing fillers," in: Fibrous and Disperse-Strengthened Composite Materials [in Russian], Moscow (1976), pp. 165-171. 9. G. I. Kudryavtsev and T. I. Shein, "Progress in the field of preparing and applying high-strength synthetic fibers," Khim. Volokna, No. 2, 2-15 (1978). i0. S. L. Phoenix and J. Skelton, "Transverse compressive moduli and yield behavior of some orthotropic, high-modulus filaments," Text. Res. J., 44, No. 12, 934-940 (1974). ii. K. E. Perepelkin, Physicochemical Principles of the Production of Chemical Fibers [in Russian], Moscow (1958). 12. K. E. Perepelkin, "Influence of the molecular and supermolecular structure of chemical fibers on their thermal properties," Lenzinger Ber., No. 40, 46-66 (1976). 13. A. M. Stalevich, "Dependence of creep of highly oriented synthetic filaments on temperature and load," Khim. Volokna, No. 4, 54-58 (1976). 14. K. E. Perepelkin, A. S. Andreev, T. Io Volkov, and V. N. Pershikov, "Physicochemical features of the interaction of chemical fibers with binders in the preparation of composite materials," in: International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry. Preprints, Vol. 6, Tashkent (1978), pp. 13-14. 15. K. E. Perepelkin, A. S. Andreev, A. V. Zarin, and G. Io Kudryavtsev, "Features of the action of the components of thermoreactive binders on reinforcing chemical fibers," Khim. Volokna, No. 5, 28-30 (1979).
Natural Supports in the Workplace: Defining an Agenda for Research and Practice

Although there is a growing consensus that including natural supports in the employment process is an important goal, there is considerable debate about the definition and appropriate role of these...
High Resolution Microstructural Studies Of Semiconductor Materials

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is well established as an important technique for the examination of microelectronic materials, solid phase interfaces, and device structures. It is routinely possible to obtain microstructural images at a 1 nm level of resolution, and electron diffraction patterns and microchemical analyses at the 10 nm level. For many specimens, it is also possible to image directly the lattice structure of a material at a resolution of 0.2 - 0.3 nm, depending on the instrument available. Thus it is possible to examine structural features and defects at a near-atomic level of resolution. These capabilities not withstanding, many practicing materials engineers have had little exposure to TEM techniques. It is the purpose of this paper, then, to review briefly these techniques, and to illustrate their unique contribution to the field of microelectronic materials analysis. Particular emphasis will be placed on the study of thin films and interfaces, structures of prime importance to the semiconductor industry.
Reduced Bank of Kalman Filters

Abstract A reduction of the computational complexity of bank of Kalman filters is proposed. The algorithm is focused in fault detection and isolation problems. It is shown that the orders of individual filters in the bank can be lower than the respective filtered process model order. The original model state variables are not estimated. Linear functions of noise samples are the newly estimated variables.
Like Parent, Like Child: Inheritance of Effector CD8+ T Cell Traits

Beuneu et al. (2010) report that the amount of antigenic stimulation initially sensed by naive CD8 + T cells can establish differentiation set points that are stably maintained in clonal progeny to promote functional diversity.
Impact of Spatial Filtering on the Least Cost Path Method: Selecting a High-Speed Rail Route for Ohio's 3-C Corridor

In the face of renewed interest in High-Speed Rail (HSR) projects, Ohio is one of several states seeking federal funding to relieve pressure on aging, overburdened highway infrastructure by constructing passenger rail routes between major cities. This paper evaluates the creation of a new rail route in Ohio's 3-C Corridor utilizing GIS. The authors consider two primary cost factors in construction, slope and land cover, to generate alternative least-cost paths. To assess the importance of the cost factors, two separate paths are created using two different weighting methods for the land cover layer. The land cover is weighted first by difficulty of construction, and second by relative acquisition costs. These two paths are then compared against a path selected by the Ohio Hub Project which uses existing track lines, advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.
Sarbanes-oxley and IT: a primer for computer personnel researchers

This session will take the format of part tutorial, part workshop. In the tutorial portion, we provide a brief overview of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and ground this in things IT researchers are already familiar with (e.g., the Capability Maturity Model). Then we will share insights gleaned from a corporate roundtable held at SIUE on October 21, 2005, regarding the effects of SOX on IT. Finally, in the workshop portion of the session, we present two ideas for research that stem from SOX activity in IT organizations and open the floor for additional ideas and discussion.
Correction of adversarial errors in networks

We design codes to transmit information over a network, some subset of which is controlled by a malicious adversary. The computationally unbounded, hidden adversary knows the message to be transmitted, and can observe and change information over the part of the network being controlled. The network nodes do not share resources such as shared randomness or a private key. We first consider a unicast problem in a network with |epsiv parallel, unit-capacity, directed edges. The rate-region has two parts. If the adversary controls a fraction p < 0.5 of the |epsiv edges, the maximal throughput equals (1 - p) |epsiv|. We describe low-complexity codes that achieve this rate-region. We then extend these results to investigate more general multicast problems in directed, acyclic networks
Invariance properties of spatial filters designed for zero mean inputs

Zero and fifteen phase-state filters designed for training sets of zero mean imagery are discussed. These filters are demonstrated to be highly invariant with respect to targets which are simultaneously translated with respect to a background, to changes in the background, and to additive zero mean noise.
Human dermal microvasculature : II. Enzyme histochemical and cytochemical study

An enzyme histochemical and cytochemical study of normal dermal microvasculature showed that respiratory enzymes, lipase and non-specific esterase occurred in all vascular segments. Lysosomal enzymes were also widely distributed and acid phosphatase activity was localized in lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and small portions of endoplasmic reticulum of both endothelial cells and pericytes. Alkaline phosphatase activity, however, was confined to the arterial side and tip of the capillary loop where it occurred in vesicles along the luminal surface of the endothelium and in junctions between endothelial cells. The localization of nucleoside phosphatase activity within the endothelium varied according to substrate; with adenosine triphosphate as substrate, the reaction product occurred in vesicles distributed throughout the endothelial cells; with adenosine diphosphate it was limited to vesicles along the luminal surface; and with adenosine monophosphate, activity was mostly localized to the lateral surfaces of endothelial cells. These findings suggest functional variation between different vascular segments and between various components of the endothelium. Attempts to demonstrate a specific Na+K+ adenosine triphosphatase (transport ATPase) within the endothelium were not successful.
Studies on mesoporous materials II. Synthesis mechanism of MCM-41

The solids obtained during the synthesis of MCM-41 are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. These data, in combination with those obtained from in situ14N NMR spectroscopy, are used to elucidate the synthesis mechanism of MCM-41. The results shown here reveal that the liquid crystalline phase, H1, is not present in the synthesis medium during the formation of MCM-41 and therefore cannot be the structure-directing agent for MCM-41. Rather, the data suggest that randomly ordered rod-like organic micelles interact with silicate species to yield approximately two or three monolayers of silica encapsulation around the external surfaces of the micelles. Subsequently, these composite species spontaneously assemble into the long-range ordered structure (hexagonal packing) characteristic of MCM-41. With further heating, the silicate species in the interstitial spaces of the ordered organic—inorganic composite phase continue to condense. Complete condensation of the silicate species is not possible because SiO− species are necessary for charge compensation of the occluded alkylammonium ions.
Prostaglandin E2 enhances human endometrial stromal cell differentiation

Endometrial stromal differentiation (decidualization) is essential for implantation of the developing blastocyst. Because prostaglandins (PGs) are synthesized in the endometrium, and PG-binding sites have been demonstrated in the proliferative endometrial stromal cell (the precursor of the decidual cell), experiments were performed to determine whether PGs are involved in the process of decidualization. Human endometrial stromal cells were cultured for 18 days in Dulbeco's Modified Eagle's Medium-2% fetal bovine serum with 1 microM medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 10 nM estradiol, with and without PGE2 or PGF2 alpha. Expression of PRL was used as a marker of decidualization. In the presence of estradiol and MPA alone (control), PRL was detected beginning on day 9 and gradually increased through day 18. In contrast, PRL was detected on day 3 in the PGE2-treated cells, and the magnitude of stimulation in these cells on days 9-12 was 1300-1400% of that in control cells. Furthermore, the PRL mRNA content of the PGE2-treated cells on day 12 was 4.6-fold greater than that in the control cells. The effect of PGE2 on PRL production was dose dependent, with a minimal effective dose of 10(-10) M. PGE2 in the absence of steroids had a minimal effect on PRL production. In contrast to PGE2, PGF2 alpha treatment had no effect on PRL expression in steroid-treated cells. These results indicate that there are synergistic effects among PGE2, estradiol, and MPA, resulting in acceleration of endometrial stromal cell differentiation and enhanced PRL expression.
Hsp33 confers bleach resistance by protecting elongation factor Tu against oxidative degradation in Vibrio cholerae

Summary The redox-regulated chaperone Hsp33 protects bacteria specifically against stress conditions that cause oxidative protein unfolding, such as treatment with bleach or exposure to peroxide at elevated temperatures. To gain insight into the mechanism by which expression of Hsp33 confers resistance to oxidative protein unfolding conditions, we made use of Vibrio cholerae strain O395 lacking the Hsp33 gene hslO. We found that this strain, which is exquisitely bleach-sensitive, displays a temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype during aerobic growth, implying that V. cholerae suffers from oxidative heat stress when cultivated at 43°C. We utilized this phenotype to select for Escherichia coli genes that rescue the ts phenotype of V. cholerae ΔhslO when overexpressed. We discovered that expression of a single protein, the elongation factor EF-Tu, was sufficient to rescue both the ts and bleach-sensitive phenotypes of V. cholerae ΔhslO. In vivo studies revealed that V. cholerae EF-Tu is highly sensitive to oxidative protein degradation in the absence of Hsp33, indicating that EF-Tu is a vital chaperone substrate of Hsp33 in V. cholerae. These results suggest an ‘essential client protein’ model for Hsp33's chaperone action in Vibrio in which stabilization of a single oxidative stress-sensitive protein is sufficient to enhance the oxidative stress resistance of the whole organism.
Comparison of long-term potentiation in the proximal versus distal stratum radiatum of hippocampal field CA1

Recent studies indicate that long-term potentiation is accompanied by changes in the waveform of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the CA1 field of disinhibited hippocampal slices, suggesting that long-term potentiation alters the kinetics of the glutamate receptor channels that mediate excitatory synaptic responses. The present study examined the effects of stimulating and recording location within stratum radiatum on the magnitude of long-term potentiation and the associated waveform changes. Stimulation of stratum radiatum proximal to the cell body layer evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in proximal stratum radiatum that had decay phases well-fit by single exponentials; long-term potentiation reduced the decay time constant of these potentials, as reported previously. Stimulation of distal stratum radiatum evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in distal stratum radiatum that were contaminated by positive after-potentials; meaningful estimates of decay time constants for these responses could not be obtained. Long-term potentiation of distal responses tended to be smaller than that obtained proximally. Comparisons were also made between responses recorded distally and proximally for either distal or proximal stimulation. For both stimulation loci, the distally-recorded responses had positive after-potentials and the proximally-recorded responses did not. The decay time constants for proximally-recorded responses to distal stimulation decreased significantly after long-term potentiation. Proximal and distal stimulation both produced greater long-term potentiation recorded proximally than distally and the difference was significantly greater for proximal stimulation. When long-term potentiation was induced by stimulation of proximal and distal sites simultaneously, the difference between proximally- and distally-recorded long-term potentiation was significantly reduced. Paired-pulse facilitation was greater when recorded proximally but the variation in facilitation with stimulation and recording position was different from that obtained for long-term potentiation. Paired-pulse facilitation of response amplitude was slightly reduced after long-term potentiation, but the change did not depend on the stimulation-recording arrangement; facilitation of response slope was not reliably affected by long-term potentiation. These results indicate that the shape of the dendritic field excitatory postsynaptic potential is influenced by the relative position of recording electrodes in stratum radiatum; when the position is such that after-potentials are minimized, long-term potentiation produces a decrease in the decay time constant of the synaptic field potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The pulse height defect in silicon surface barrier detectors

Abstract A simple model is proposed which can be used to explain the existence of the dead layer, or window, that has been observed on silicon surface barrier detectors. Particles that are stopped in silicon detectors create a dense plasma of holes and electrons along their trajectory, and the charge collection process cannot procede until these carriers have diffused radially away from the plasma. The holes, having a reduced mobility in the thin p-type inversion layer on the surface of n-type base material will diffuse away more slowly than will holes in the bulk or depletion region, and this mechanism will inhibit the charge collection process in the surface layer. If the bulk hole mobility is omega b , and the surface hole mobility is omega s , the collection of carriers from the thin p-type surface will be reduced by the fraction (omega s /omega b ) 2 , and if the thickness of the p-type layer is Z p the effective window thickness will be given by ( omega s / omega b ) 2 Z p . It is seen that the results of such calculations agree favorably with the measurements reported by Forcinal, Seiffert and Coche. Making use of recent measurements of the stopping powers for bromine and iodine ions, it is possible to calculate the residual defect for fission fragments as measured by Wilkins, Fluss, Kaufman, Gross and Steinberg.