cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation and magnetic properties of Cu6O8.InCl and LixCu6O8.InCl

The compounds Cu 6 O 8 ·InCl and Li 1.23 Cu 6 O 8 ·InCl were prepared. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern shows that both phases have the same cubic structure with a =9.144(5) A. The introduction of Li + lowers the average valence of copper. Neither phase superconducts above 5 K. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility show ferrimagnetic behavior for both phases, with an onset temperature of 125 K for the copper phase and 75 K for the lithiated phase. The copper phase shows a constant magnetization over the range 125–50 K that may be due to a two-sublattice antiferromagnetic interaction.
Developing an Advocacy Curriculum: Lessons Learned from a National Survey of Psychiatric Residency Programs

Advocacy by physicians, defined as a physician’s public support for causes, policies, or actions that advance patient health, is increasingly recognized as a professional responsibility as well as a core competency in medical training. The authors describe a survey they conducted on advocacy curricula in psychiatric residency training programs across the USA, from their vantage point as members of an advocacy council within a medical professional organization. Between Fall 2016 and Winter 2018, psychiatry residency programs with advocacy curricula were identified through personal communications with stakeholders as well as a blast email to the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with program leaders at residencies with an advocacy curriculum to collect detailed information on these curricula. Seven psychiatry residency programs with advocacy curricula were identified. All seven programs agreed to be interviewed and are included in the survey results. Lessons learned from this survey include how to approach the development of an advocacy curriculum; the components, attributes, and supports of an effective curriculum; and the challenges commonly encountered by medical educators trying to implement such a curriculum. The authors hope that these observations will contribute to the development of a best practice guideline for advocacy teaching within psychiatry and perhaps for other medical disciplines.
Braille Tests with Tactual “Response Buttons” Allow for Unaided Test-Taking:

To enable a blind subject to take tests without the use of a reader or recorder, the author has developed a system for forming a “response button” in the thermoformed plastic sheet on which the que...
Brief Report: Sexual Debut Among 14- to 17-year-old Sexual Minority Males: A Preliminary Investigation of Early HIV Risk and Sexual Health Needs.

Background Adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) are disproportionately at risk of HIV. Purpose This study documents the sexual debut behaviors of ASMM, tests whether sexual debut and sexual behavior differed by race/ethnicity, and explores the association between early anal sex debut and engaging in condomless anal sex. Methods Sexually active ASMM (N = 118; ages 14-17) in the United States completed an online sexual health survey. We used Fisher exact tests to explore differences by race/ethnicity in sexual debut characteristics and hypothesized relationships between sexual debut and risk behavior. Results The average age of sexual debut with a male partner was 14 years (SD = 2.4). Approximately one-third (31%) reported anal sex at their sexual debut, with non-Latino black/African American ASMM more likely to report anal sex at debut (63%) compared with non-Latino white (28%), Latino (21%), or mixed race/other identified youth (19%; χ = 12.1, P = 0.01). All participants (100%) who reported an anal sex debut before the age of 14 years reported engaging in condomless anal sex in their lifetime, compared to 60% of those who reported an anal sex debut when they were 14 years old or older (χ = 5.6, P = 0.03). Participants wanted information about how to safely and comfortably have anal sex (59%) and skills around partner communication (>50%) before debut. Conclusion Sexually active ASMM begin engaging in sexual behavior with other males early and with incomplete knowledge and skills regarding sexual health and safety.
7 – Self-Assessment

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that self-monitoring is a commonly used technique in behavioral assessment that involves having an individual monitor and record his or her own behaviors. Behavioral assessors value self-monitoring because it is a practical method that emphasizes the situational specificity of target behaviors as they occur in the environment. In addition, self-monitoring is considered one of the only means for assessing covert behaviors. Within behavioral assessment, self-monitoring has five primary purposes: education/description, diagnostic clarification, pretreatment assessment, treatment evaluation, and facilitation of behavior change. Selfmonitoring represents a flexible technique that can capture different dimensions of behavior, using various recording formats and devices.
Identifying Persistent Usability Issues When Using an Electronic Health Record to Inform EHR Instructional Redesign

Ineffective training can impact the perceived ease of use of an electronic health record (EHR) system. This study aims to determine persistent usability issues experienced by primary care residents when using an EHR to inform EHR instructional overhaul. Methods: Primary care residents participated in two rounds of usability tests. Physicians completed nineteen tasks based on an Five themes emerged during analysis: (1) Inconsistencies, (2) User Interface Issues, (3) Structured Data Issues, (4) Ambiguous Terminologies, and (5) Workarounds. This study was novel in that the authors have no knowledge of any iterative EHR usability studies among primary care residents to assist in improving EHR training.
Dynamic control over feedback regulation improves stationary phase fluxes in engineered E. coli.

We demonstrate the use of two-stage dynamic metabolic control to manipulate feedback regulation in central metabolism and improve biosynthesis in engineered E. coli. Specifically, we report the impact of dynamic control over two central metabolic enzymes: citrate synthase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, on stationary phase fluxes. Firstly, reduced citrate synthase levels lead to a reduction in -ketoglutarate, which is an inhibitor of sugar transport, resulting in increased glucose uptake and glycolytic fluxes. Reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity activates the SoxRS regulon and expression of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which is in turn responsible for large increases in acetyl-CoA production. These two mechanisms lead to the improved stationary phase production of citramalic acid enabling titers of 126{+/-}7g/L. These results identify pyruvate oxidation via the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase as a "central" metabolic pathway in stationary phase and highlight the potential of improving fluxes by manipulating essential central regulatory mechanisms using two-stage dynamic metabolic control. HighlightsO_LIDynamic reduction in -keto-glutarate pools alleviate inhibition of PTS dependent transport improving stationary phase sugar uptake. C_LIO_LIDynamic reduction in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activates pyruvate flavodoxin/ferredoxin oxidoreductase and improves stationary acetyl-CoA flux. C_LIO_LIPyruvate flavodoxin/ferredoxin oxidoreductase is responsible for large stationary phase acetyl-CoA fluxes under aerobic conditions. C_LIO_LIProduction of citramalate to titers 126 {+/-} 7g/L at > 90 % of theoretical yield C_LI
Phenomenological method and contemporary ethics

Following a brief summation of the phenomenological method, the paper considers three metaethical positions adopted by phenomenologists and the implications of those positions for a normative ethics. The metaethical positions combine epistemological and ontological viewpoints. They are (1) non-intellectualism and strong value realism as represented by the axiological views of phenomenologists such as Scheler, Meinong, Reinach, Stein, Hartmann, von Hildebrand, and Steinbock; (2) non-intellectualism and anti-realism as represented by the freedom-centered phenomenologies of Sartre, Beauvoir, and Merleau-Ponty; and (3) weak intellectualism and weak value realism as represented by Husserl and Drummond. The paper argues that only the third metaethical view can support a normative ethics (1) that is consistent with the essential features of the phenomenological method, (2) that allows for freedom in an agent’s choosing from a multiplicity of first-order goods, including vocational goods, practical identities, and life plans, available in the agent’s factical circumstances, and (3) that provides norms governing the correctness of our actions and our obligations to others. The normative dimension is introduced, first, by the requirement that the fulfillment of first-order evaluations and choices be truthful, that is, that the (emotive) evaluations be appropriate and the actions right. Second, transcendental considerations revealed in the phenomenological analysis of intentional experience disclose a notion of second-order goods of agency that universally bind agents in their exercise of freedom and their dealings with others.
Comparison of 2D and 3D quiescent-interval slice-selective non-contrast MR angiography in patients with peripheral artery disease

To evaluate the potential clinical benefit of the superior spatial resolution of 3D prototype thin-slab stack-of-stars (tsSOS) quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS) MRA over standard 2D-QISS MRA for the detection peripheral artery disease (PAD), using computed tomography angiography (CTA) as reference. Twenty-three patients (70 ± 8 years, 18 men) with PAD who had previously undergone run-off CTA were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent non-contrast MRA using 2D-QISS and tsSOS-QISS at 1.5 T. Eighteen arterial segments were evaluated for subjective and objective image quality (normalized signal-to-noise, nSNR), vessel sharpness, and area under the curve (AUC) for > 50% stenosis detection. Overall subjective image quality ratings for the entire run-off were not different between tsSOS-QISS and 2D-QISS (3 [3; 4] vs 4 [3; 4], respectively; P = 0.813). Sharpness of primary branch vessels demonstrated improved image quality using tsSOS-QISS compared with 2D-QISS (4 [3; 4] vs 3 [2; 3], P = 0.008). Objective image quality measures were not different between 2D-QISS and tsSOS-QISS (nSNR 5.0 ± 1.9 vs 4.2 ± 1.8; P = 0.132). AUCs for significant stenosis detection by tsSOS-QISS and 2D-QISS were 0.877 and 0.856, respectively (P = 0.336). The prototype 3D tsSOS-QISS technique provides similar accuracy in patients with PAD to a standard commercially available 2D-QISS technique, indicating that the use of relatively thick slices does not limit the diagnostic performance of 2D-QISS. However, subjective image quality for branch vessel depiction is improved using the 3D approach.
Mid-term results of tibial cones : reasonable survivorship but increased failure in those with significant bone loss and prior infection.

Aims Tibial cones are often utilized in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with metaphyseal defects. Because there are few studies evaluating mid-term outcomes with a sufficient cohort, the pur...
Modeling DRAM Timing in Parallel Simulators With Immediate-Response Memory Model

Accurately modeling memory timing in a processor simulator is crucial for obtaining accurate and useful performance predictions. DRAM has a complex timing and reordering scheme, which results in highly varying access latencies depending on the type of operations, address stream patterns and bandwidth load. Therefore, DRAM simulators model the DRAM timings as a clocked state machine. However, some processor simulators, in particular loosely synchronized parallel simulators, assume an immediate-response memory model, requesting an immediate estimation of the memory latency. In this letter, we discuss the modeling issues in transforming a state machine DRAM simulator into an immediate-response simulator, which can be directly plugged into a processor simulator supporting an immediate-response memory model and/or a relaxed parallel simulation model. We show that the adapted model is accurate within 2 percent compared to the state machine simulator.
Design information extraction from construction specifications to support cost estimation

Abstract Construction cost estimation is a labor-intensive task that involves several processes. Although some of these processes have been automated, construction cost estimation still relies heavily on manual inputs. To compute a cost estimate, an estimator needs to: (1) take off quantities and extract some required cost information from the architectural model or drawing; (2) extract other required cost information from the construction specifications; (3) assign building elements to work or cost items; and (4) retrieve the unit cost of the work or cost items to further compute the cost estimate. To achieve full automation of construction cost estimation, the manual inputs required to classify building elements, and to retrieve pricing information of work items need to be automated. To address that, the authors proposed a new method that uses semantic modeling and natural language processing techniques in developing algorithms that automate the manual processes involved in: (1) extracting design information from construction specifications; (2) using the extracted information to match specified material in the construction specifications with items from an established database; and (3) retrieving the pricing information of the materials specified in the construction specifications. To test the validity of the authors' proposed method, an experiment was conducted using eight wood construction projects in Detroit, MI. The proposed method was utilized to develop an algorithm that can process the construction specifications automatically and retrieve the unit cost of materials from a database. The results from the developed algorithm were compared with the gold standard (results manually generated by industry experts). The developed algorithms achieved 99.2% precision and 99.2% recall (i.e., 99.2% F1-measure) for extracted design information instances; 100% precision and 96.5% recall (i.e., 98.2% F1-measure) for extracted materials from the database. The authors demonstrated that as the training data increases, the performance levels increase. The developed algorithms utilized 5.56% of the time it took using the current traditional method of extracting design information from construction specifications manually. These results showed that the proposed method is promising in developing algorithms that automate the processing of construction specifications to extract the design related information in fulfilling essential information requirements of detailed wood construction cost estimation and in retrieving the unit costs.
Infants can breathe and swallow at the same time

The concept that infants can breathe and swallow simultaneously due to distinct breathing and swallowing channels was propagated primarily by Edmund Crelin and his student, Jeffrey Laitman. Our evaluation of the primary research article that supported this concept found the article to be unconvincing due to numerous misrepresentations of prior data as well as those presented in the article. Despite clear evidence that newborns cannot breathe and swallow simultaneously, Crelin and Laitman continued to support this concept well into the 21st century, which resulted in the concept becoming imbedded in popular literature and the internet, with potentially significant negative clinical consequences. We suggest that a partial explanation why this anatomically and physiologically illogical concept was able to propagate is the paucity of the teaching of newborn anatomy to medical professionals.
Apathy as a Within-Person Mediator of Depressive Symptoms and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: Longitudinal Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objective: Greater depressive symptoms are associated with worse cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, it is unclear what underlying factors drive this association. Apathy commonly develops in PD and may be a pathway through which depressive symptoms negatively influence cognition. Prior research examining depressive symptoms, apathy, and cognition in PD is limited by being predominantly cross-sectional. This study examined the role of apathy as a within- and between-person mediator for the longitudinal relationships between depression severity and cognitive functioning in patients with early PD. Methods: Participants included 487 individuals newly diagnosed with PD followed annually for up to 5 years by the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative. At each visit, participants completed depressive symptom measures, apathy ratings, and cognitive tests. Multi-level structural equation models examined both the within- and between-person effects of depressive symptoms on cognition through apathy, controlling for demographics and motor severity. Results: At the within-person level, apathy mediated the association between depressive symptoms and select cognitive functions (global cognition, attention/working memory, visuospatial functions, and immediate verbal memory; indirect effects, bootstrap p’s Conclusions: Findings suggest worsening of depressive symptoms over time in patients with PD may be a risk factor for increased apathy and subsequent decline in specific cognitive functions.
Physics and Chemistry of Clouds: Growth from the vapor

Overview At this point in our step-by-step study of cloud formation, we assume that a set of cloud particles exists via aerosol activation or nucleation. Liquid cloud droplets likely formed by condensation of water vapor onto cloud condensation nuclei, and ice crystals may be present if the temperature were sufficiently low and ice nuclei were active. We ask next how rapidly and by what mechanism the particles grow under any given set of conditions (i.e., temperature, pressure, supersaturation). In the most general sense, growth takes place in one of two ways: a particle may grow from the vapor phase, meaning that it increases in size molecule by molecule; or, a particle may grow by collecting other particles, in which case the particle grows in size particle by particle. Both categories of growth may operate simultaneously, but we treat them separately to facilitate presentation of the underlying physics. Growth by collection is discussed in the next chapter. A net amount of water vapor deposits onto a surface whenever the partial pressure of vapor ( e ) exceeds the equilibrium value ( e eq ) of the surface. How rapidly the vapor deposits depends on the partial pressure excess ( e - e eq ), the temperature and nature of the surface, and the total air pressure. If the surface is liquid, the equilibrium vapor pressure is that of a solution droplet having the given temperature, solute concentration, and size.
Clinical pharmacology of low-dose cytosine arabinoside

Low doses of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) have recently been administered by intravenous (IV) infusion and intermittent subcutaneous (SC) injection to patients with pre-leukemia and acute leukemia. Our studies have demonstrated that the continuous IV infusion of low-dose (20 mg/m2/d) ara-C produces hematologic improvement in patients with preleukemic syndromes. The present work has monitored plasma ara-C levels in five of these patients. The results demonstrate mean steady-state plasma levels ranging from 1.8 to 6.9 X 10(-8) mol/L. The range for total drug exposure (area under the curve) for the 14-day course was 6.5 to 15.9 X 10(-6) mol/L X hour. These findings have been compared to the pharmacokinetics of ara-C (10 mg/m2) given by bolus SC injection. This dose schedule resulted in peak ara-C levels 15 minutes after injection that were tenfold to 30-fold higher than the mean plasma level achieved during continuous IV infusion in the same patient. Furthermore, there was no detectable plasma ara-C at six hours after bolus injection. The differences in ara-C pharmacology for the continuous IV infusion and bolus SC injection dose schedules may contribute to the variability in response and toxicity achieved with these regimens.
Analytic review: disorders of phagocyte function.

The physiologic aspects of neutrophil and monocyte function as related to bactericidal capacity have been reviewed. Recent studies have demonstrated clinical syndromes involving defects in chemotaxis, opsonization, and a spectrum of intracellular neutrophil and monocyte defects. The present concepts of the pathophysiology of these syndromes have been considered. The elucidation of the basic defects awaits the development of new approaches to the study of phagocyte function.
Prenatal Intravenous Cocaine Adversely Affects Attentional Processing in Preweanling Rats

Abstract Perhaps the sole, clinically reported, deficit in infants of women that abused cocaine (COC) during pregnancy that persists through early childhood is that of an attentional disorder. Using the heart rate orienting response (HR-OR), a putative valid and reliable measure of attention, we examined the offspring of rats exposed to COC in utero via the clinically relevant intravenous (IV) route. Sprague–Dawley females, implanted with IV access ports prior to breeding, were administered saline or 3 mg/kg COC HCl, 1×/day on gestational day (GD) 8–14 and 2×/day on GD15–21. No significant effects of prenatal COC were apparent for maternal or litter parameters. Six pups/litter were tested: one of each sex on postnatal day (PD) 12, PD16, and PD21. Following 20 min of adaptation, pups were exposed to a novel odor (20 s amyl acetate) for a set of four acquisition trials; after a 4-h retention interval, the same procedure was again employed. At PD12, both prenatal COC and control pups demonstrated a significant HR-OR on the acquisition trials and both groups showed significant within-session habituation. Across the 4-h retention interval, prenatal COC-exposed pups showed habituation whereas control pups did not. At PD16, the magnitude of the HR-OR was significantly greater in prenatal COC-exposed pups relative to control pups. Within-session habituation also characterized the HR-OR of the COC, but not control, pups. For the retention data, within-subject and regression analyses suggested the COC-exposed pups displayed greater between and within-session habituation, respectively. At PD21, the prenatal COC-treated pups displayed an HR-OR that did not habituate across acquisition trials; the control pups displayed a significant HR-OR only during the initial 5 s of the first two trials. During the retention trials, regression analyses again suggested the COC-exposed pups displayed greater evidence of within-session habituation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that prenatal exposure to COC alters attention throughout the preweanling period of development. Given the putative role of norepinephrine, but not dopamine or serotonin, in central mediation of the HR-OR of preweanling rats, the effects of prenatal IV COC exposure in this task are consistent with a noradrenergically based attentional disorder.
Cross‐correlation methods for studying near‐ and farfield noise characteristics of flow–surface interactions

Systematic methods based on cross‐correlation techniques are presented for experimental studies of near‐ and farfield noise characteristics in airflow–surface interaction problems. Analyses show that, in near‐ and farfields, the noise characteristics due to the surface contribution of fluctuating pressures and velocities and due to the volume contribution of the turbulence in the flow can be determined separately. Both farfield noise intensities and nearfield acoustic energy fluxes can be expressed in terms of appropriate cross correlations. These correlations can be obtained by making microphone measurements in the farfield, in the nearfield, and on the surface. Examples of the applications to the noise field generated by impinging jets, by surface blowing jets, and by turbulent flow over trailing edges are presented. Advantages of the present method over conventional methods are also discussed.Subject Classification: 28.65; 50.25, 50.30, 50.55.
The role of renal research in demonstrating the protective properties of heme oxygenase-1.

“History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among peoples’ environments, not because of biological differences among peoples themselves.” —Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies1
BILE SALT METABOLISM IN THE PREMATURE INFANT: INFLUENCE OF PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE AND PHENOBARBITAL

Bile salt synthesis and pool size were determined by stable isotope dilution in 9 healthy premature infants of 32-36 wk gestation. In one group (4 infants), the mothers had received dexamethasone (3) or phenobarbital (1) prior to delivery; the other mothers had received no drugs. For infants of the treated mothers, total bile salt pool was 79 ± 20 mg (avg ± SE) and synthesis was 27 ± 5 mg/da; whereas in infants of untreated mothers, total bile salt pool was 20 ± 2 mg and synthesis was 8 ± 1 mg/da. When normalized for surface area, the cholic acid pool in the treated group was 321 ± 117 mg/M2 and synthesis was 98 ± 35 mg/M2/da, values egual to those obtained in full-term infants and 4 times those in the group with untreated mothers. Intraduodenal bile salt concentrations during meals in the treated group were 5.3 mM vs 1.2 mM for the untreated group, an increase associated with improved dietary lipid absorption to >90% of intake in 3 of 4 infants. Conclusions: (1) Premature infants have immature bile salt metabolism as demonstrated by reduced pool size and synthesis rates with intraduodenal bile salt concentrations below levels required for the complete solubilization of lipid. (2) Prenatal administration of dexamethasone or phenobarbital produces precocious maturation of these parameters and thus may profoundly influence the postnatal nutrition of the premature infant.
Noninvasive identification of myocardium at risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction and nondiagnostic electrocardiograms with technetium-99m-Sestamibi.

BACKGROUNDPatients who have chest pain without electrocardiographic ST elevation are not candidates for thrombolytic therapy in most clinical trials. This study examined the value of technetium-99m-Sestamibi tomographic imaging to assess myocardial perfusion in patients during chest pain without ST elevation.METHODS AND RESULTSTc-99m-Sestamibi was injected in 14 patients who had chest pain without ST elevation, who subsequently developed enzymatic evidence of myocardial infarction within 24 hours. Tomographic imaging was performed 1-6 hours after injection. Thirteen of 14 patients showed significant perfusion defects indicative of acute myocardial infarction consistent with absent perfusion (20 +/- 15% of the left ventricle; range, 2-53%); one patient had normal images. Because of the absence of definitive electrocardiographic changes, only five patients received reperfusion therapy within 6 hours of the onset of chest pain. Regional wall motion abnormalities were present in nine of nine patients undergoi...
Moment Theory of Ion Motion in Traps and Similar Devices. III Two-Temperature Treatment of Quadrupole Ion Traps.

The two-temperature moment theory of ion motion in devices where the external fields vary with position and time is applied to ideal quadrupole ion traps. In first approximation, the theory gives differential equations with collision frequencies that vary with the effective temperature characterizing the relative kinetic energy of the ion-neutral collisions. Solutions of the set of coupled differential equations provide the ion number density, average velocities, average energy and average temperature as functions of time and of position in the apparatus. That information also enables the effective temperature for the ion ensemble and the position-dependent energy density to be determined as a function of time. Solutions of the coupled equations are discussed for the Maxwell model, rigid spheres and general ion-neutral interactions.
Effectiveness of Nafcillin, Methicillin, and Cephalothin in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis

Nafcillin, methicillin, and cephalothin (40 mg/kg every 6 h) were all effective in reducing the number of Staphylococcus aureus in vegetations in rabbits with endocarditis. Nafcillin and methicillin reduced the number of S. aureus at a significantly faster rate than did cephalothin. Nafcillin and methicillin also reduced titers of the S. aureus more rapidly than did cephalothin in vitro, both in broth and in rabbit serum.
Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplant recipients: primary treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of hepatic artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of hepatic artery stenosis (HAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of all cases of HAS documented by angiography from January 1995 to June 2003 at the authors' institution. Management was evaluated and long-term patency was documented by Doppler ultrasonography. The patency, restenosis, and hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) rates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. The technical success of hepatic artery PTA was stratified according to the location of the stenoses relative to the anastomosis, as well as by the presence of associated hepatic arterial kinks. RESULTS Thrombosis was seen in 65% ± 13% of untreated HAS cases within 6 months. Stenotic lesions without associated arterial kinks had an improved technical success rate and a reduced complication rate of 94% and 10%, respectively, compared with lesions with associated hepatic arterial kinks treated with hepatic artery PTA (14% and 29%, respectively). The 1-year primary and primary assisted patency rates of hepatic artery PTA for all lesions were 44% ± 12% and 60% ± 11%, respectively, and were 65% ± 10% and 80% ± 8%, respectively, for lesions not associated with hepatic arterial kinks. The 1-year HAT rate and restenosis rate after hepatic artery PTA were 19% ± 10% and 32% 11%, respectively. The 1-year primary assisted patency rate for hepatic artery PTA with repeat PTA performed for restenosed lesions and surgical revascularization performed for failed PTA was 74% ± 10%. CONCLUSIONS Untreated HAS carries a high morbidity rate. Hepatic artery PTA can play a large role in the management of HAS by reducing the HAT rate more than threefold. With appropriate lesion selection, hepatic artery PTA will have better patency rates than those associated with hepatic artery stent placement.
Medical and surgical palliative care of patients with urological malignancies.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Urological malignancies are relatively common and patients often live many years with disease. There are many effective medical and surgical palliative treatments, although few comprehensive guidelines have been published. We reviewed the various palliative treatments available for the 3 most common urological malignancies, namely prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cancer.Materials and Methods: A literature search of the last 15 years was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed. In addition, relevant journals were targeted for specific information related to this review. Our clinical experience was combined with the current literature to create guidelines for palliative care.Results: Several effective treatments are available for the palliative care of patients with prostate, bladder or renal cancer. Options in palliative care are varied with regard to invasiveness, morbidity, risks and benefits. The algorithms described provide a framework to a sequential approach to achieving palliation. ...
A generalized reaction to thimerosal from an influenza vaccine.

Background Thimerosal is a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic solutions, otic drops, and vaccines because of its bactericidal property. Objective To report a case of a generalized reaction to thimerosal in a patient who received an influenza vaccine. Methods We describe a patient who developed a generalized maculopapular eruption after receiving a thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine. Patch testing was performed to determine if there was an allergy to thimerosal. Results Patch testing confirmed a T-cell-mediated sensitivity to thimerosal. Conclusions Physicians need to be aware that thimerosal is found in many products, including vaccinations. Clinicians should also be aware that allergic reactions occur with exposure to thimerosal even in vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of a generalized reaction to thimerosal from an influenza vaccine.
Evidence for 182Hf in the early Solar System and constraints on the timescale of terrestrial accretion and core formation

We present evidence from tungsten (W) isotopic measurements consistent with the presence of live 182Hf (T1/2 = 9 Ma) in the early solar system. This is based on the observation of a well-resolved deficit of about four parts in ten thousand in the ratio 182W/183W in W separated from the Toluca iron meteorite. This deficit is interpreted as an excess in the terrestrial standard composition due to radiogenic growth of 182W. If the initial 182Hf/180Hf ratio in the solar system is <2 × 10−4, then some of this growth must have taken place in the silicate portion of the Earth which has Hf/W ~ 10–20x the chondritic ratio. This fractionation is a consequence of siderophile element segregation to form the Earth's core, which most likely occurred contemporaneously with accretion. Thus W isotopes may provide useful constraints on the chronology of terrestrial core formation and accretion. The magnitude of the observed effect is broadly consistent with (1) the predicted initial abundance of 182Hf in the solar system based on a Type II supernova source model for most of the radionuclides with half-lives less than 17 Ma 129I (Harper, 1995, 1996b) and (2) the Wetherill (1986) accretion calculations (which predict an ~10 Ma mean age of accretion). Alternate explanations involving isotopic heterogeneity and α-decay of 186Os cannot explain the magnitude of the observed effect. Neutron transport code calculations by Masarik and Reedy (1994) indicate the observed anomaly is too large by more than a factor of six to be due to neutron capture on W during space exposure. However, due to unknown uncertainties in the W nuclear input data, this possibility is not definitively excluded and must be checked by direct experimental calibration. In principle, the 182Hf-182W system offers the most geochemically direct way to determine the time-scale for the Earth's accretion and core formation with excellent time resolution, but requires precise calibration based on internal 182Hf- 182W isochron studies of meteorites of independently known age. We explore aspects of isotopic evolution in continuous fractionation models under boundary assumptions describing the degree of equilibration between mantle W and accreted W during siderophile partitioning, and find these to be highly significant for interpretation of measured effects. Our initial results hint towards the possibility of a more rapid timescale than obtained in Safronov-Wetherill-type models. A fast accretion timescale would be in agreement with gas drag and density-wave-accelerated accretion models (e.g., Ward, 1986, 1989, 1993). However, other interpretations are possible.
Subgradient methods in network resource allocation: Rate analysis

We consider dual subgradient methods for solving (nonsmooth) convex constrained optimization problems. Our focus is on generating approximate primal solutions with performance guarantees and providing convergence rate analysis. We propose and analyze methods that use averaging schemes to generate approximate primal optimal solutions. We provide estimates on the convergence rate of the generated primal solutions in terms of both the amount of feasibility violation and bounds on the primal function values. The feasibility violation and primal value estimates are given per iteration, thus providing practical stopping criteria. We provide a numerical example that illustrate the performance of the subgradient methods with averaging in a network resource allocation problem.
Use of experimental disturbances to assess resilience along a known stress gradient

Abstract We sought to determine the effectiveness of experimental disturbances for assessing resilience and stability in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh. To do this, we applied disturbances of different intensities along a gradient of sediment deposition that doubled as a gradient of known stress, being associated in previous studies with numerous measures of plant vigor and soil condition. Using this gradient as a standard, we postulated a priori that areas receiving sediment were less stressed than areas which received no sediment, and therefore would be more stable and recover more rapidly after experimental disturbances. For the vegetation, we found that our estimates of resilience and stability were strongly and positively affected by sediment deposition, and therefore agreed with our a priori estimates. After lethal disturbance (herbicide application), vegetation in plots not receiving sediment failed to recover, and the affected marsh turned into a mudflat and remained so during the period of observation (>2 years). In contrast, plots receiving high and moderate amounts of sediment recovered rapidly after lethal disturbance (8–11% recovery month −1 to 50% of control levels [dependent variable was a composite variable describing vegetation]). After non-lethal disturbance (trimming at the soil surface) all study plots recovered, with rate of vegetative recovery being directly associated with degree of sediment deposition. For edaphic parameters, there no was effect of disturbance, and thus these parameters appeared to be resistant to vegetation removal. These parameters appeared to be more powerfully affected by other factors, such as water level fluctuations and sediment addition. We conclude that experimental disturbances accurately assessed stress along a known stress-gradient. They also provided additional information about the underlying stress in the system. In particular, it was intriguing that in stressed areas S. alterniflora grew in elevated “hummocks” which appeared unable to send rhizomes into denuded areas or to recover after root death. Because recovery after experimental disturbances depends on a variety of plant-soil processes, we suggest that this recovery can be used as a bio-indicator of ecosystem condition that provides insight into important underlying determinants of structure and function.
Implementation of supply chain management and its impact on the value of firms

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of supply chain implementation issues on firm value.Design/methodology/approach – Using case study methodology, this paper outlines the cases of Hershey and Nike and the impact of supply chain implementation issues on these firms’ value.Findings – Difficulties in the implementation of supply chain management software designed to maximize firm value, can result in a disruption of a firm's supply chain, causing losses for the firm and a decline in firm value; thereby creating much disappointment for the firm's shareholders. Hence, great care should be taken with the implementation of new SCM solutions.Research limitations/implications – Future research may be directed at extending this work by examining the changes in the market values of a wide sample of client and provider firms following the implementation of new supply chain solutions.Practical implications – When modifying a standard supply chain template to suit a customer's requirements,...
A Comprehensive Model of Multiprotein Adsorption on Surfaces

Abstract A mathematical model for protein adsorption from solution to surfaces was developed and a numerical solution was obtained. The model proposes a reaction-diffusion mechanism for multiple proteins, involving interactions between diffusive-convective protein transport from the bulk solution and competitive adsorption and displacement kinetics on the surface. The resulting equations in time and space were solved numerically with a finite difference approach. Using a simulated dilute plasma solution consisting of albumin, immunoglobulin-γ, and fibrinogen at their physiological proportions, the phenomenon of sequential protein adsorption and displacement oil the surface (known as the Vroman effect), was shown. Explanations were obtained for several other phenomena observed by biomaterials researchers studying protein adsorption. The model also allows the study of how the modification of surface parameters can determine adsorption behavior. This study not only demonstrates the complexity of the adsorption process but also shows that it can be quantified by comprehensive models.
Shadow Vision Enhancement Using Polarization Imaging

Shadow is omnipresent in natural scenes. Conventional imaging methodologies are less effective in detecting features in shadow regions. Polarization imaging exploits another dimension of light that increases detection sensitivity in shadow and reveals hidden features.
Superposition of Configurations and Atomic Oscillator Strengths—Carbon i and ii

Variational wave functions are computed for the ground state and a number of excited states of carbon i and ii by the method of superposition of configurations. To accelerate convergence, the virtual orbitals are obtained from a pseudonatural orbital transformation on a single electron pair, out of all those possible within a given quantum shell. Expansions of up to 50 configurations are generated and used to study the effects of correlation on the oscillator strengths. The method appears to be fairly successful in correcting for most of the correlation error in both the energy and "correlation-sensitive" oscillator strengths. Term values are substantially improved over the Hartree-Fock values; and generally, although not always, $f$ values appear to be obtainable with an accuracy of about 25%.
Energy Gap in Superconductors Containing Paramagnetic Impurities

Experiments were performed on quenched alloy films evaporated onto substrates maintained at 4 deg K to investigate the energy gap and density of states of semiconductors containing paramagnetic impurities. Preliminary results are presented from an investigation by tunneling techniques. For paramagnetic impurity concentrations greater than a relatively small value, the superconductor no longer exhibits an energy gip in its tunneling characteristics, although resistance measurements show that it has a welldefined transition temperature in accord with the expected concentration dependence. (H.D.R.)
Salt selection for basic drugs

Abstract An attempt has been made using a Kepner-Tregoe decision analysis approach to provide rationale to salt selection for basic drugs. The selection objectives are reviewed in terms of the ‘essential’ (MUSTS) and ‘desirable’ (WANTS) issues. The desired characteristics of the salt form, given sufficient strength and toxicological suitability of the conjugate acid, are then discussed on the basis of the various pivotal physicochemical properties; melting point, aqueous solubility and dissolution rate, stability and hydrophobicity. Several trends are established which can then assist the decision of which range of salt forms to evaluate to overcome a particular problem with a basic drug. It is concluded that it is important to view the choice of salt form for development as a compromise, with particular focus on the correctly weighted desires to obtain the best balanced choice.
Uncertainties Associated With Inertial Fusion Ignition

At present the energy required to drive an inertial fusion implosion is not well-defined. In the past the energy predicted to produce a breakeven yield, where the thermonuclear energy release is equal to the driver energy, has varied from 103 to 106 joules. The reason for this large variation is partly that experiment and theory have now defined previously poorly understood physical effects and partly that more conservative estimates are now used for those effects which are not yet understood.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
EXAFS STUDIES OF THERMOSTRUCTURAL AND PHOTOSTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF VAPOR-DEPOSITED AMORPHOUS As2S3 FILMS

We report the effects of thermal-annealing and light-soaking on the structure of amorphous (a-) As2S3 films. The EXAFS of near-stochiometric films were examined for as-deposited, thermally-annealed and light-soaked samples. The principle As-S feature increases slowly for spectra of all films, while a weak homopolar As-As feature decreases with both thermal-annealing and subsequent light-soaking. Slight changes are also seen in the higher shells. Our results imply that structural changes in a- As2S3 brought about by thermal-annealing and by light-soaking involve breaking, rearranging and remaking a significant fraction of the material's bonds.
Male circumcision for prevention of oncogenic HPV infection

In a Comment, Dr. Monsonego states “circumcision and condom use have not been shown to fully protect against either human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition or clearance in male genital sites, which questions their value in preventing infection in men and transmission to female partners.” The statement is based on older observational studies, but ignores evidence from recent observational studies and two randomized trials of male circumcision that circumcision reduces penile HR-HPV prevalence.1 In addition, observational studies and one randomized trial showed that male circumcision reduces female partner HR-HPV prevalence.1–2 In both men and their female partners, male circumcision reduces HR-HPV prevalence by reducing acquisition and increasing clearance of the virus.2–3 Dr. Giuliano and colleagues have previously shown that male circumcision reduces penile HR-HPV prevalence.4 Unfortunately, little data are presented in her current study on the impact of male circumcision on HR-HPV acquisition or clearance.4 Currently there are no fully protective measures for HR-HPV prevention in men. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine only reduces external genital lesions in men by 60.2% and persistent infection with any HPV genotype by 27.1%.5 Therefore, multiple interventions may be required to significantly reduce HR-HPV infection in men and women, and the potential, albeit incomplete, protection afforded by male circumcision cannot be ignored.