cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conjugated linoleic acid isomers differentially modulate neu/erbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 3176 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a family of isomers found in dairy products and ruminant meats, as well as produced synthetically, inhibits carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis in a transplantable mammary tumor model. The c9,t11 isomer of CLA, the predominant isomer in dairy products, and the t10,c12 CLA isomer, available as part of a CLA mixture in health food stores, are equally effective. The objective of the present studies was to determine the efficacy of these two CLA isomers in a breast cancer model that is representative of ∼25% of human breast cancers. Transgenic mice overexpressing wild type erbB2 in the mammary epithelium were fed synthetic diets without or with 0.5% c9,t11-CLA or t10,c12-CLA from weaning. Unexpectedly, t10,c12-CLA markedly enhanced tumor development. Tumor latency, defined as the time when 50% of the mice in the group developed a tumor, was decreased from 267 days for mice on the control diet to 169 days for mice fed t10,c12-CLA. Latency was not significantly changed in mice fed c9,t11-CLA. The stimulation was not a result of an altered expression of the transgene, since erbB2 expression and localization were comparable in all groups. Lung metastasis was also evaluated. Mice were sacrificed when tumor diameter in each mouse reached ∼18 mm in the longer diameter, so that incidence of metastasis was not confounded by differences in primary tumor size. Lung metastasis was significantly higher in mice fed t10,c12-CLA (28/30) compared to control (9/29), but was significantly reduced in mice fed c9,t11-CLA (4/28). Given the potential clinical significance of these observations, a second study was initiated in which mice were fed the control or CLA-containing diets starting after puberty at ∼70 days of age. With this protocol, the stimulatory effect of t10,c12-CLA on mammary carcinogenesis was again observed. Since this experiment is still ongoing, metastasis outcome is not yet available. These data suggested that the CLA isomers may differentially alter signaling through erbB2. As an initial approach to address this question, the effect of these dietary treatments on the erk1/2 MAP kinases was examined. Erk1 and 2 were activated in mammary tumors from mice fed t10,c12-CLA when compared to mice fed the control diet or a diet supplemented with c9,t11-CLA, suggesting that the enhanced tumor development in this group may result, at least in part, from an activation of erbB2 signaling through the MAP kinase pathway. Together with the data from the rat model, the current data suggest that c9,t11-CLA may be beneficial for the prevention of breast cancer; however, given the stimulatory effect of t10,c12-CLA on mammary carcinogenesis in a clinically relevant breast cancer model, it would be prudent to avoid CLA supplements that contain this isomer. Supported by Komen BCTR0201524 and by NIH CA61763.
Finite Injury and $\sum_1$-Induction

Working in the language of first-order arithmetic we consider models of the base theory P−. Suppose M is a model of P− and let M satisfy induction for Σ1-formulas. First it is shown that the Friedberg-Muchnik finite injury argument can be performed inside M, and then, using a blocking method for the requirements, we prove that the Sacks splitting construction can be done in M. So, the “amount” of induction needed to perform the known finite injury priority arguments is Σ1-induction.
Glucose tolerance as a diagnostic aid in jaundice

1. Toxic hepatitis cases show a marked capacity for utilizing large amounts of glucose, regardless of the mode of administration.
A Parabolic Method without Pressure Approximations for Wind Turbines

A Parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) approximation for the incompressible equations is developed to simulate flows through a wind turbine. The PNS formulation differs from commonly used parabolic formulations in that the pressure field is calculated as a dependent variable without any approximation for the streamwise pressure gradient. The turbine influence is modeled by incorporating time-averaged aerodynamic forces predicted by an Actuator Line model (FAST developed at NREL). These forces are time averaged and incorporated as localized source terms near the turbine. Using this coupled time-averaged spatial-marching method, the calculation can begin well upstream of the turbine and continue through the turbine to predict the entire wake region. Laminar and turbulent flatplate boundary-layer cases are used here for basic validation of the PNS Algorithm. Computed solutions for the NREL offshore 5-MW baseline wind turbine are compared with the blade-resolved Navier-Stokes solutions for verification.
Pediatric Utilization of Antibiotics in Shenzhen Children's Hospital in 2008

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the pediatric utilization of antibiotics in our hospital and evaluate its rationality.METHODS: In a retrospective study,2 400 pediatric medical records of children patients discharged from Jan.to Dec.in 2008 and 2 400 outpatient pediatric prescriptions were randomly sampled for statistical analysis of the utilization of antibiotics.RESULTS: Of the total 4 800 prescriptions reviewed,63.73%(3 059 cases) prescribed antibiotics.62.70% of the prescriptions prescribed one kind of antibiotics,24.60% two kinds,and 11.50% three kinds.The two leading antibiotics used in clinic included cephalosporins and penicillins.The use of antibiotics was irrational in medication time,choice of drugs,combination of antibiotics etc.CONCLUSION: It is urgent to strengthen pharmacy work to enhance clinical rational use level of antibiotics.
Lung Volume Reduction Coils for Severe Emphysema

EnglishThe REVOLENS trial1 found that bronchoscopic treatment with nitinol coils vs usual care improved exercise capacity in patients with severe emphysema and adds to the growing literature on endobronchial treatment of emphysema EnglishWe agree with Drs Jabuonski and Lazarus that both operator expertise and a multidisciplinary approach are important for emphysema treatment. To minimize the effect of operator experience and for safety reasons, the first 3 procedures in each center with no experience with lung volume reduction coil treatment (7 of 10 centers in the REVOLENS study) were proctored by a physician who had performed at least 10 such procedures. Jabuonski and Lazarus propose analyzing the outcomes stratified by center. However, the limited number of patients treated by lung volume reduction coils in each center (mean, 5 patients per center) does not allow any robust statistical analyses stratified by center. They also state that “the results of this study might be significantly different in a country like the United States where such devices are not available apart from clinical trials.” In France, lung volume reduction coil treatments have also so far only been used in clinical trials. A large randomized multicenter study (the RENEW study) involving 26 sites with 20 sites in the United States was recently published and found a modest improvement in the 6-minute walk test results at 1 year, with overall efficacy results very close to the REVOLENS study.
Review: vitamin D supplementation decreases all-cause mortality in adults and older individuals.

Source Citation Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1730-7. 17846391
Polynomials inducing the zero function on chain rings

We provide a minimal set of generators for the ideal of polynomials in R[x] that map the maximal ideal &#x1d52a; into one of its powers &#x1d52a;n, where (R, &#x1d52a;) is a discrete valuation ring with a finite residue field. We use this to provide a minimal set of generators for the ideal of polynomials in R[x] that send &#x1d52a; to zero, where (R, &#x1d52a;) is a finite commutative local principal ideal ring.
Fall, Flight, and Rehabilitation

Fortified by what he had seen and heard on his Grand Embassy, Peter the Great returned to Moscow in 1698 in the conviction that his country needed to change drastically, if it was to become one of the European Great Powers rather than the relic of a once powerful borderland empire. Apart from a host of concrete plans to modernize his country in terms of its politics, culture, economy, and military, he also brought more than six hundred experts back home with him, who were to help the Russians implement their reforms. A steady flow of Western specialists joined them in subsequent years. Their expertise ranged from shipbuilding and seafaring to the study of the natural sciences and the practice of medicine, art, and architecture. Suddenly, Western people and Western ways were no longer a rarity in Russia.
Right atrial lead fixation type and lead position are associated with significant variation in complications

Optimal atrial pacemaker lead position and fixation mechanism have not been determined with regard to effect on complications. We aimed to determine the association between atrial lead-related complications and varying atrial lead tip positions and lead fixation mechanisms. All patients who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implant between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed for atrial lead tip position and fixation type. Lead-related complications were assessed by electronic medical record review. Complication rates were compared at 1 year by chi-square analysis and at 5 years using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. During the study period, 3451 patients (mean age 73.9, 53.4 % male) underwent dual-chamber pacemaker placement. Active fixation leads were associated with a higher incidence of pericardial effusion (81 (2.9 %) vs. 6 (1.0 %), p = 0.005) and pericardiocentesis (46 (1.6 %) vs. 2 (0.3 %), p = 0.01) at 1 year compared to passive fixation leads. There was no difference in overall complication rates by fixation type (161 (5.7 %) vs. 29 (4.6 %), p = 0.26). Low atrial septal lead tip position was associated with a higher rate of lead dislodgement (10 (15.2 %)) compared to appendage (46 (1.6 %)), free wall (10 (2.1 %)), or high atrial septal (2 (4.7 %)) positions (p < 0.001). This difference was also reflected in a significantly increased need for lead revision and overall complications. A multivariate analysis which included potential confounders confirmed the association of active fixation leads with an increased rate of perforation-related complications (p = 0.03) and septal lead location with increased rates of dislodgement (p < 0.001). Active compared to passive lead fixation increases the risk for pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis. There is a clear association between low atrial septal lead position and lead dislodgement requiring lead revision.
Modeling fatigue crack growth behavior in rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy using CTOD based strip yield modeling

Abstract Fatigue crack growth behavior of a rolled AZ31 magnesium plate is investigated and modelled in this study. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on compact tension specimens at load ratios of R = 0.1 and R = 0.7 to provide data for a strip-yield based fatigue crack growth model. Minimal differences in crack closure were observed between the two load ratios. Threshold values for the stress intensity factor range were found to be often less than those reported in previous literature. The reason for lower threshold values could be related to the nontraditional compression pre-cracking method used in this study, which was employed in an attempt to produce a more accurate measurement of the fatigue crack threshold. In addition to the long crack fatigue crack growth testing using compact tension specimens, load controlled fatigue tests were conducted on flat, reduced gage specimens at load ratios of R = 0.1 and R = −1.0 to study the microstructurally small crack growth behavior and to extend the model capability to predict the microstructurally small crack growth behavior. The reduced gage specimens were found to spend the majority of their life in the crack growth stage. Cracks primarily grew in a planar fashion other than where multiple cracks coalesced. The microstructurally small crack growth data from these experiments were also compared with predictions from the fatigue crack growth model. Crack growth modeling revealed that traditional calculations using plasticity-induced crack closure concepts and an effective stress intensity factor range were not able to predict the microstructurally small crack growth behavior of these specimens. In contrast, computing crack growth rate from crack tip opening displacement was shown to give satisfactory results. Crack opening stresses for the fully reversed tests revealed that the compressive loading largely nullified the effect of the plastic wake on fatigue crack growth.
Late Clearance of Circulating Leukemic Blasts (CBs) During Induction Therapy (IT) Is a predictive of Refractory Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Abstract 4319 Background: CBs are highly variable at diagnosis and during the course of IT in AML patients. Assessing response to IT carries a huge implication on the prognosis of individual patient with AML. Our study investigates whether late clearance of CBs during IT using standard cytarabine + anthracycline regimen is associated with refractory phenotype. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the chart of 83 AML patients (43 males, 40 females, mean age 61.7) who received standard cytarabine and anthracycline regimen during induction between January, 2000-January, 2011 at William Beaumont Health System. Data collected include complete blood count with blast count during course of induction, and bone marrow response. AML is considered refractory if morphological evaluation, flow cytometry or cytogenetic study was positive in the first bone marrow post induction. Response to IT was assessed according to Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) criteria as complete remission versus residual leukemia or treatment failure (failing to achieve complete remission). Results: We noted that 57 of 83 patients (68.7%) showed CBs at the time of diagnosis. During the IT, CBs clearance occurred within 7 days (early clearance) in 38 of these 57 patients. The remaining 19 patients had CBs persistent more than 7 days (delayed clearance). The frequency of bone marrow residual disease at count recovery post IT was significant higher in patients with late clearance and those with early clearance (84% vs 42%, p=0.0015). Further analysis of data showed the frequency of bone marrow residual disease was not significantly different between patients with no CBs at the diagnosis and those with early clearance of CBs (38% vs 42%, p=0.8). Conclusion: Adult AML patients with persistent CBs >7 days during IT with standard induction cytarabine and anthracycline regimen are more likely to have induction failure. CBs clearance can be used as an early assessment of response to the IT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Roadmap for the Child, Youth Education and Improving Education Quality by Neglecting Profit Oriented Schools: The Region Concentration with North India - Punjab State (Gurdaspur District)

The very basic right of human being is 'to get educated' (UN Charter), 'to get informed' which lays him towards his and his nation's welfare. Education starts in early stage as 'Child education' where child learns basic lessons outside of his families. This period's span from early years to 8 and then child qualifies for youth education. The real means of education is not dealt with learning of any specific admirer language rather it associates with valuable learning and quality of education.
Crowdsourcing Evaluation of Ureteroscopic Videos Using the Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale to Assess Ureteral Injury.

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: We hypothesized that crowdsourcing assessments could be applied to the Postureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS) for ureteral injury. Methods: At a single institut...
Mixing Independently Trained Classifiers

An essential part of the introduced model and of LCS in general that hardly any research has been devoted to is how to combine the local models provided by the classifiers to produce a global model. More precisely, given an input and the output prediction of all matched classifiers, the task is to combine these predictions to form a global prediction. This task will be called the mixing problem, and some model that provides an approach to this task a mixing model.
Visualization of Latent Factor Structure

Illustrate how complex data structure can be visualized in a two-dimensional space using simulated data. Spatial point analysis is discussed in the context of MDS. Test of spatial randomness and clustering effect of data points is explained. Examples from real data are provided to demonstrate the points discussed.
Use of Mushroom Compost to Suppress Artillery Fungi

Abstract Mushroom compost (spent mushroom substrate, SMS, mushroom soil) exhibits suppressive characteristics against various fungi, as well as against plant diseases caused by fungi. In addition, ...
Annular Surface Wave Transducer for Medical Imaging

Rayleigh to compressional wave conversion has been described by Toda and Murata [1] for plane waves and by Farnell et. al. [2] for radial waves. The phenomena results in compressional plane waves in a fluid, which propagate away from the solid surface containing the Rayleigh waves at an angle equal to the inverse cosine of the ratio of the velocity in fluid to the velocity on the surface. With cylindrically symmetrical Rayleigh waves, the compressional waves in the fluid form a solid hollow cone. The convergence of these waves forms a line of focus in the fluid, the extent of which is determined by the radius of existence of the Rayleigh waves on the solid interface. This result has unique applications in acoustic microscopy [3,4].
Cofactor Modified Electrodes for Energy Transfer

Considerable interest has evolved over the past 10 years in the development of enzyme catalyzed devices for the transfer of chemical energy to electrical energy, i.e. enzyme fuel cells. Some of these devices have been of the direct type, where the enzyme is an integral part of one of the electrodes, while others have been of the indirect type, where an enzyme or microorganisms are used to convert a complex substrate for use in an inorganic fuel cell (1–6). Our interest has been in the direct type enzyme fuel cell, with the glucose oxidase-flavin cofactor system as a model anoidc catalyst. The objective of this paper is to discuss the chemical modification of the electrode surface, as an approach to improved enzyme catalyzed fuel cells, with special emphasis on flavin cofactor systems.
Energy Storage and Dissipation in a Linear Viscoelastic Material

During the deformation of a viscoelastic body, part of the total work of deformation is dissipated as heat through viscous losses but the remainder of the deformational energy is stored elastically. It is frequently of interest to determine, for a given piece of material in a given mode of deformation, the total work of deformation as well as the amount of energy stored and the amount dissipated. Similarly, one may wish to know the rate at which the energy of deformation is absorbed by the material or the rate at which it is stored or dissipated.
Incorporation of C14-labeled amino acids into actinomycin and protein by Streptomyces antibioticus.

SUMMARY Radioisotope experiments have revealed that L- rather than n-valine is the precursor of the n-valine residues in the actino- mycin peptide. Since n-valine was taken up by the organism almost as well as L-valine, permeability does not appear to be a factor in the preferential utilization of the L isomer. L-Valine was also utilized for the synthesis of N-methyl-L-valine. From studies with glycine-l- and -2-C14, it was concluded that glycine is the precursor of sarcosine. The radioactivities of sarcosine- l-Cl4 and sarcosine-N-C14H3 were incorporated to an equal extent into the actinomycin peptide, which suggests that free glycine in Z&JO is converted to free sarcosine, which is then incorporated into the actinomycin peptide. L-Methionine-C14H3 and, to a limited extent, C-2 of glycine, were utilized as a source of the N-methyl group of sarcosine and N-methyl+valine. Formate was completely inactive as a precursor of methyl group. The development rapid extraction procedure for the assay of the antibiotic has made possible the study of amino acid incorporation into actinomycin in short term experiments. Under conditions that inhibit pro- tein synthesis, amino incorporation into antibiotic was greatly stimulated. The results indicate that antibiotic synthe- sis proceeds by a mechanism different from protein synthesis, although both processes compete for the available amino acids in the cell. AcknowZedgment.s-The authors wish to thank Dr. H. Fales, National Heart Institute, Institutes of Health, for his advice and suggestions in the preparation and degradation of the N-tosylsarcosine derivative, and Dr. S. Udenfriend for his con- tinued encouragement. REFERENCES
Nanodiscs as a new tool to examine lipid-protein interactions

Nanodiscs are self-assembled discoidal fragments of lipid bilayers 8 – 16 nm in diameter, stabilized in solution by amphipathic helical scaffold protein. As stable and highly soluble membrane mimetics with controlled lipid composition and ability to add affinity tags to the scaffold protein, Nanodiscs represent an attractive model system for solubilization, isolation, purification, and biophysical and biochemical studies of membrane proteins. We overview various approaches to the structural and functional studies of different classes of integral membrane proteins such as ion channels, transporters, GPCR and other receptors, membrane enzymes, blood coagulation cascade proteins, et cetera incorporated into Nanodiscs with the special focus on the advantages provided by homogeneity, ability to control oligomerization state of the target protein and lipid composition of the bilayer. Special attention is paid to the opportunities provided by Nanodisc system for the detailed studies of the role of different lipid properties and protein – lipid interactions in the functional behavior of membrane proteins.
Mechanisms of Plasmid-Determined Heavy Metal Resistances

Many plasmids of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria have genes determining resistances to a wide range of toxic inorganic cations and anions, including ions of mercury (and organ-omercurials), cadmium (in Gram positives only), arsenic, antimony, bismuth, chromium, silver and tellurium. Three years ago, we reviewed the available information on the physiological and biochemical bases of these resistances, as well as the genetic structures that govern them (Summers and Silver, 1978). Here I will try to summarize both the overall picture and newer findings.
EXTREME POINTS FOR COMBINATORIAL BANACH SPACES

A norm ‖ċ‖ on c00 is called combinatorial if there is a regular family of finite subsets . We prove the set of extreme points of the ball of a combinatorial Banach space is countable. This extends a theorem of Shura and Trautman. The second contribution of this article is to exhibit many new examples of extreme points for the unit ball of dual Tsirelson's original space and give an explicit construction of an uncountable collection of extreme points of the ball of Tsirelson's original space. We also prove some stability properties of the intermediate norms used to define Tsirelson's space and give a lower bound of the stabilization function for these intermediate norms.
Workplace Charge Management with Aggregated Building Loads

This paper describes a workplace charge management system developed to control plug-in electric vehicle charging stations based on aggregated building loads. A system to collect information from drivers was also developed for better charge management performance since the present AC charging station standard does not provide battery state of charge information. First, simulations with uncontrolled charging data were conducted to investigate several scenarios and control methods, and then one method with the most power curtailment during peak load was selected for verification tests. This paper illustrates load reduction test results for 36 charging stations and real-time campus net load data.
The Regulatory Road to Reform: Bureaucratic Activism, Agency Advocacy, and Medicaid Expansion within the Delegated Welfare State:

American policymakers delegate the administration of many welfare programs to states, where officials implement them in increasingly diverse ways. Welfare state scholarship has little to say about ...
Heterochronic Phenotype Analysis of Hypodermal Seam Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans

Heterochrony refers to changes in the timing of developmental events, and it is precisely regulated in the organisms by the heterochronic genes such as C. elegans lin-4 and let-7. Mutations in these genes cause precocious or retarded development of certain cell lineages. With well-defined cell lineages, C. elegans is one of the best model systems to study heterochronic genes, since the subtle changes in the development of cell lineages can be easily identified. Among the different cell types in C. elegans, hypodermal seam cells and their lineages are well known to be maintained by lin-14, whose expression level is regulated by two miRNA genes, lin-4 and let-7, at the larval stages. Therefore, analyzing the heterochronic phenotype of hypodermal seam cells in C. elegans could yield detailed insights into the status of the miRNA pathway. Here we describe the assay protocol to analyze the heterochronic phenotypes of C. elegans hypodermal seam cells, which can be used as a reliable method to study the miRNA pathway.
Direct and indirect relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, hostility, anger, and verbal and physical aggression in returning veterans

Hostility, anger, and aggression are conceptually related but unique constructs found to occur more often among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than among civilians or veterans without PTSD. However, the pathways between PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and aggression have not been comprehensively characterized. Therefore, drawing on a sample of returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom combat veterans ( N = 175; 95% male; mean age 30 years), this study sought to examine the direct and indirect relationships among PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and four types of aggression: verbal, and physical toward self, others, and objects. Functional modeling of direct effects was done using multiple least-squares regression and bootstrapped mediation analyses were carried out to test indirect effects. Results indicate that PTSD is not the overall direct contributor to different forms of aggression, supporting the mediating role of depression and trait anger. Depression symptoms explain part of the relationships between PTSD and verbal aggression, physical aggression toward objects, and physical aggression toward self and trait anger explains part of the relationships between PTSD and verbal aggression, physical aggression toward objects, and physical aggression toward others. Our findings support the importance of assessing for anger, depression, and different types of aggression among veterans presenting for PTSD treatment to develop individualized treatment plans that may benefit from early incorporation of interventions.
The Cranmer Abacus and Its Use in Residential Schools for the Blind and in Day School Programs

The introduction in the early 1960's of the Cranmer abacus as a computational aid for blind persons caused a “mathematical explosion” in the mathematics curriculum for blind children. A number of s...
Women in Pediatrics: Progress, Barriers, and Opportunities for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion

Gender bias and discrimination have profound and far-reaching effects on the health care workforce, delivery of patient care, and advancement of science and are antithetical to the principles of professionalism. In the quest for gender equity, medicine, with its abundance of highly educated and qualified women, should be leading the way. The sheer number of women who comprise the majority of pediatricians in the United States suggests this specialty has a unique opportunity to stand out as progressively equitable. Indeed, there has been much progress to celebrate for women in medicine and pediatrics. However, many challenges remain, and there are areas in which progress is too slow, stalled, or even regressing. The fair treatment of women pediatricians will require enhanced and simultaneous commitment from leaders in 4 key gatekeeper groups: academic medical centers, hospitals, health care organizations, and practices; medical societies; journals; and funding agencies. In this report, we describe the 6-step equity, diversity, and inclusion cycle, which provides a strategic methodology to (1) examine equity, diversity, and inclusion data; (2) share results with stakeholders; (3) investigate causality; (4) implement strategic interventions; (5) track outcomes and adjust strategies; and (6) disseminate results. Next steps include the enforcement of a climate of transparency and accountability, with leaders prioritizing and financially supporting workforce gender equity. This scientific and data-driven approach will accelerate progress and help pave a pathway to better health care and science.
Serial Perioperative Assessment of Free Flap Perfusion With Laser Angiography.

Study design Prospective cohort study. Objective Reconstruction with microvascular free flaps is quite predictable but excessive fluids intraoperatively and excessive use of vasopressors have been implicated in postoperative complications. However, vasopressors assist in limiting fluid administration and counteract vasodilatory effects of general anesthetics, while maintaining proper intravascular volume. This is of paramount importance during surgery to ensure adequate tissue and organ perfusion. The purpose of this study is to quantify perfusion changes in free flaps at specific time points during peri- and postoperative periods, incorporating SPY technology. Methods A prospective study of patients who underwent free flap reconstruction was conducted (n = 9), using SPY laser angiography with indocyanine green to assess effects of general anesthetics and vasopressors on flap perfusion. Free flaps were evaluated prior to pedicle division, after inset and anastomosis, and in the immediate postoperative setting. Mean perfusion, mean arterial pressure, total operative time, fluid shifts, and vasopressor use were recorded. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariable analyses. Results Those with major complications in this cohort, on average received less vasopressors, had shorter operation times and less blood loss, however, they received more fluids intraoperatively. Conclusion Changes in mean perfusion to the free flap during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period are nominal.
Timing of repair of blunt thoracic aortic injuries in the thoracic endovascular aortic repair era

Abstract Objective Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred operative treatment of blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAIs). Its use is associated with improved outcomes compared with open surgical repair and nonoperative management. However, the optimal time from injury to repair is unknown and remains a subject of debate across different societal practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate national trends in the management of BTAI, with a specific focus on the impact of timing of repair on outcomes. Methods Using the National Trauma Data Bank, we identified adult patients with BTAI between 2012 and 2017. Patients with prehospital or emergency department cardiac arrest or incomplete data sets were excluded from analysis. Patients were classified according to timing of repair: group 1, Results The analysis was completed for 2821 patients who underwent TEVAR for BTAI with known operative times. The overall mortality in the patient cohort was 8.4% (238/2821); 75% of patients undergoing TEVAR were repaired within 24 hours. Mortality was more than twofold greater in group 1 compared with group 2 (9.8% [207/2118] vs 4.4% [31/703]; P = .001). This mortality benefit persisted across injury severity groups and was independent of the presence of serious extrathoracic injuries. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age ≥65 years, Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8, systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg at admission, and serious extrathoracic injuries, showed a higher adjusted mortality in group 1 (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-3.91; P = .001). Conclusions The majority of patients with BTAI undergo endovascular repair within 24 hours of injury. Patients undergoing delayed repair have improved survival compared with those repaired within the first 24 hours of injury in spite of similar injury patterns and severity. In patients with BTAIs without signs of imminent rupture, delaying endovascular repair beyond 24 hours after injury should be considered.
The dualizing module and top-dimensional cohomology group of $$\hbox {GL}_n(\mathcal {O})$$ GL n ( O )

For a number ring $$\mathcal {O}$$ , Borel and Serre proved that $$\hbox {SL}_n(\mathcal {O})$$ is a virtual duality group whose dualizing module is the Steinberg module. They also proved that $$\hbox {GL}_n(\mathcal {O})$$ is a virtual duality group. In contrast to $$\hbox {SL}_n(\mathcal {O})$$ , we prove that the dualizing module of $$\hbox {GL}_n(\mathcal {O})$$ is sometimes the Steinberg module, but sometimes instead is a variant that takes into account a sort of orientation. Using this, we obtain vanishing and nonvanishing theorems for the cohomology of $$\hbox {GL}_n(\mathcal {O})$$ in its virtual cohomological dimension.
Synthesis and magnetic studies of pure and doped NiZn ferrite films using Sol gel method

Abstract In this work, the effect of Co and Cu doping on the magnetic properties of Nickel Zinc ferrite films was investigated. Three types of films with composition Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, Ni0.35Cu0.2Zn0.45Fe2O4 and Ni0.35Co0.2Zn0.45Fe2O4 were prepared using the sol-gel method. These films were annealed at 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C using a rapid thermal annealing furnace. XRD diffraction confirmed the formation of single-phase spinel structure in these films. Magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity of these films were measured using an alternating gradient magnetometer. The highest values of Ms were obtained for films annealed at 600 °C which are 350, 334 and 261 emu/cm3 for undoped, Co doped and Cu doped films, respectively. The corresponding coercivity values of these films were 102, 509 and 95 Oe. Thus, Co0.2 doping resulted in an increase in the coercivity whereas Cu0.2 doping reduced the coercivity. Grain size distribution was measured using a scanning electron microscope. It was observed that at higher annealing temperatures (above 600 °C), films developed cracks which results in the reduction of the saturation magnetization from such films.
Structural elements in RNA.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the RNA structural characteristics that have emerged so far. Folded RNA molecules are stabilized by a variety of interactions, the most prevalent of which are stacking and hydrogen bonding between bases. Many interactions among backbone atoms also occur in the structure of tRNA, although they are often ignored when considering RNA structure because they are not as well-characterized as interactions among bases. Backbone interactions include hydrogen bonding and the stacking of sugar or phosphate groups with bases or with other sugar and phosphate groups. The interactions found in a three-dimensional RNA structure can be divided into two categories: secondary interactions and tertiary interactions. This division is useful for several reasons. Secondary structures are routinely determined by a combination of techniques discussed in chapter , whereas tertiary interactions are more difficult to determine. Computer algorithms that generate RNA structures can search completely through possible secondary structures, but the inclusion of tertiary interactions makes a complete search of possible structures impractical for RNA molecules even as small as tRNA. The division of RNA structure into building blocks consisting of secondary or tertiary interactions makes it easier to describe RNA structures. In those cases in which RNA studies are incomplete, the studies of DNA are described with the rationalization that RNA structures may be analogous to DNA structures, or that the techniques used to study DNA could be applied to the analogous RNA structures. The chapter focuses on the aspects of RNA structure that affect the three-dimensional shape of RNA and that affect its ability to interact with other molecules.
The Impact of Change in Visual Field on Health-Related Quality of Life: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

Approximately 314 million people worldwide are visually impaired, and about 82% of those 314 million are over the age of 50 years.1 The prevalence of visual impairment in the United States (U.S.) adult population over the age of 50 years ranges from 14.3% to 20.5%.2 Visual impairment can lead to disability,3 and as the number of older individuals increases in the U.S., the prevention and management of vision-related disability has become a major public health4 and clinical priority.5 Using health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as a measure of disability, researchers have noted that both visual field loss and visual acuity impairment are associated with increased disability. Population6–9 and multi-center clinically based studies10 consistently seem to indicate that worse visual impairment correlates with poorer HRQoL. Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of visual impairment are at increased risk for poorer outcomes such as falls and falls with injury,11 motor vehicle accidents,12 inability to drive,13 social dependence,14 and increased mortality.15, 16 Most studies, however, have evaluated the impact of prevalent visual impairment on HRQoL rather than the impact of change in visual impairment or the joint effect of both visual field (VF) loss and visual acuity impairment on HRQoL. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES),17 a prospective cohort study among Latino adults, offers the unique opportunity to test these hypotheses in a population-based sample. The central focus of this report was to further our current understanding of visual impairment on HRQoL by evaluating the impact of VF changes on HRQoL and to test whether pre-existing levels of vision loss modify this association. These results may provide important evidence-based knowledge necessary to tailor both public health and clinical interventions aimed toward preventing or delaying vision-related disability or toward increasing awareness of vision-related disability, especially for those with VF loss, which is often an irreversible condition.
Purification of adenylosuccinate synthetase from rabbit skeletal muscle.

Abstract Adenylosuccinate synthetase has been purified more than 250-fold from extracts of rabbit muscle acetone powder by heating to 60°, ammonium sulfate fractionation, phosphocellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Crystals have been obtained by dialysis against 60 to 67% ammonium sulfate. Enzyme activity is stable for about 2 weeks in phosphate buffer containing 1 mm dithiothreitol; for longer periods, dialysis against saturated ammonium sulfate is preferable. The enzyme is quite basic, has a molecular weight of approximately 54,000, and does not appear to dissociate into subunits upon treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate or mercaptoethanol. A broad maximum in enzyme activity occurs at pH ∼ 6.6, and the kinetic parameters of the enzyme differ significantly from those of the Escherichia coli or Ehrlich ascites-tumor cell enzymes. Km values for IMP, GTP, and l-aspartate are 2 x 10-4 m, 1 x 10-5 m, and 3 x 10-4 m, respectively, for the muscle enzyme. GDP, AMP, adenylosuccinate, argininosuccinate, phosphate, arsenate, and sulfate inhibit enzyme activity. Enzyme activity is unaffected by incubation for 24 hours with EDTA, azide, and phenyl-methanesulfonyl fluoride, but is completely destroyed by freezing or by 18-hours incubation with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Adenylosuccinate synthetase activity has also been found in crude extracts of acetone powders of rabbit heart, liver, kidney, brain, and lung.
Evidence for deamplification of quantum noise by nondegenerate four-wave mixing

Experiments on squeezed state generation have yielded measured noise levels very near the quantum limit (as defined experimentally), even when the nonlinear interaction is strong enough to suppress classical noise by several decibels.1,2 The problem has been that the nonlinear media create noise by light scattering and fluorescence.
Image edge block classification for CVQ using the SD filter

A novel technique to classify image edge blocks is presented. It is based on defining a set of linearly independent signature vectors with a one to one association with the edge classes. A set of filter vectors emphasizing the projection of one signature vector and suppressing all others is then designed. Classification of an input edge block is accomplished by choosing the index of the filter with the maximum output magnitude. Coded images based on this classification are shown to preserve their quality and enjoy considerable dB gain over two existing methods. The new technique can be easily implemented using a parallel algorithm with little storage requirement.
Physical Health Decision-Making Autonomy Preferences for Adults with Severe Mental Illness in Integrated Care

ABSTRACTPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) often have physical health comorbidities that are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although work is being done to integrate physical and behavioral health care in order to address the primary health-care needs of persons with SMI, very little is known about their health-care behaviors and how they make their treatment decisions. We used a cross-sectional, survey design to explore the relationship between variables related to decision-making autonomy preferences for persons with SMI (N = 95) who were seen in an integrated health-care clinic. Descriptive and bivariate analyses revealed that the majority of participants in this sample preferred shared decision making in their physical health care, that male participants desired higher autonomy in decision making, and that lower perceived autonomy support from the physician was related to higher desired autonomy in decision making The findings suggest that social workers and other mental and p...
Developmental aspects of hepatic heme biosynthetic capability and hematotoxicity—II. Studies on uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

Abstract δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in heme biosynthesis in mature mammalian liver. However, under various physiologic or toxicologic conditions, other enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway may become rate-limiting in this process. In the present studies, the ontogenic development of uroporphyrinogen (uro) decarboxylase was measured in rat liver, and the properties and potential influence of this enzyme on heme biosynthetic capability in adult and fetal liver were assessed. In addition, a quantitative comparison of the activity of uro decarboxylase with that of ALA synthetase was made as a means of estimating the relative effects of specific inhibitors of uro decarboxylase on hepatic heme biosynthetic capability at each stage of development. The results indicate that fetal uro decarboxylase activity is over three times that of the adult and that enzyme activity declines to the adult levels concomitant with a decrease in the hematopoietic cell composition of the liver near the time of birth. Moreover, fetal uro decarboxylase may be substantially more susceptible to physiologic or toxicologic alteration than is the adult enzyme. The fetus may, therefore, be at greater risk with respect to compromise of heme biosynthetic capability by agents which alter uro decarboxylase activity.
Periapical lesion progression and cytokine expression in an LPS hyporesponsive model.

Aim The purpose of this study was to compare periapical lesion progression and the expression of the bone modulating cytokines IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-11 in periapical lesions of normal and C3H/HeJ (LPS hyporesponsive) mice. Methodology Pulps of both mandibular first molars from C3H/HeJ and BALB/c (normal) mice were exposed and inoculated with normal mouse oral microorganisms for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. After euthanasia, specimens were prepared for histological examination. A quantitative evaluation of the lesional area and immunohistochemical stain counts was performed. Results There were no statistically significant differences in progression of periapical lesions for both mouse strains with time (two-factor anova, P > 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining revealed no overall differences between the two strains in levels of expression of the cytokines (P > 0.05). IL-11 expression did not change from control levels in BALB/c mice, but correlated with the expression of IL-6 and IL-4 in C3H/HeJ mice. Conclusion Responsiveness to LPS may not be significant in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions and in cytokine expression within the lesions, when the lesions are induced by non-specific oral flora.
Improving the interface bond between fiber mesh and cementitious matrix

Abstract The use of continuous fiber mesh as reinforcement of cementitious composites is attractive for various applications. In this paper, fracture toughness was used to evaluate the flexural behavior of glass concrete reinforced with either AR-glass or polypropylene fiber mesh. AR-glass fiber mesh was found to be much more efficient, but polypropylene fiber mesh is less expensive and has no aging problem. A research project is underway at Columbia University to improve the bond between the polypropylene fiber mesh and cementitious matrix. Results obtained so far indicate a great improvement of the mechanical properties of the fiber mesh-reinforced material.
Electronic thermography for the assessment of inferior alveolar nerve deficit

Neurosensory deficit is one of the major complications encountered in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of electronic thermography in objectively assessing neurosensory deficits of the inferior alveolar nerve. Study design. Three studies were conducted measuring skin temperature over the chin region of the face at 0.1°C accuracy. Results. (1) Thermal symmetry of the chin region in normal subjects (ΔT=0.2°C, SD=0.02°C); (2) Induction of transient thermal asymmetry by local anesthetic injection (ΔT=+0.4°C, SD=0.2°C); and (3) nine subjects with neurologic alterations of the inferior alveolar nerve (ΔT=+0.5°C, SD=0.2°C). Statistically significant differences were found between control group and experimental groups at p t test. Conclusions. These studies indicate that electronic thermography is capable of detecting sensory changes caused by inferior alveolar nerve injury or by pharmacologic nerve block.
The benign hypermobile joint syndrome

Benign hypermobility as defined by a modification of the Carter-Wilkinson criteria was found in 31 of 637 healthy blood donors, a prevalence of 5%. No increased prevalence of arthritis/arthralgia or characteristics suggestive of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome other than a possible familial predisposition were found when these 31 hypermobile subjects were compared to an age and sex matched two-for-one control group. Cardiac evaluation by auscultation, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram showed no increased occurrence of mitral valve prolapse in hypermobile subjects. Thus the benign hypermobile joint syndrome appears to be one extreme of the range of normal joint motion and not a systemic connective tissue disorder.