cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postmortem stability of prostatic acid phosphatase.

Elevated prostatic acid phosphatase activities in samples collected from the vaginal area are commonly accepted as presumptive evidence for the presence of seminal fluid, and this enzyme activity has been used extensively as medicolegal evidence of carnal knowledge. The forensic significance of the acid phosphatase determination has increased as the number of vasectomized males has increased, since a positive acid phosphatase assay may be the only indication of the presence of seminal fluid when sperm are absent. If the acid phosphatase determination can contribute significantly to a forensic investigation of rape/murder cases it is imperative that the investigator make an accurate interpretation of the enzyme assay. The accuracy of this interpretation is in part related to the postmortem stability of acid phosphatase, both in situ and during specimen storage.
Dynamic real-time imaging of marrow-resident neutrophils interacting with human mesenchymal stem cells during systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge.

e22158 Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained intense interest due to their immune-modulatory, tissue differentiating and homing properties to sites of inflammation and tumor ...
Temporal Generation and Molecular Characterization of Functional Hematopoietic Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Abstract 2352 Blood is one of the most highly regenerative tissues and is generated by a rare population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Generation of HSCs seems to be restricted during early embryonic development to particular fetal tissues, such as yolk sac, aorta gonad mesonephros (AGM) region and placenta. The competence of HSCs to self-renew and differentiate towards multiple lineages sustains the generation of blood cells for an entire lifespan. Human HSCs are defined by their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation in functional xenotransplantation assays. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into transplantable HSCs continues to be a major challenge in the field. We believe that generation of functional multipotent HSCs from hESC requires an approach that recapitulates early human development both temporally and spatially. Thus, we have developed an innovative in vitro system that mimics the early events of human embryonic development prior to hematopoietic generation; where 1) induction of a single ESC monolayers to mesodermal fate; 2) single cell mesoderm progenitors are placed into a fetal AGM stromal environment under conditions that favor endothelial differentiation; and 3) hematopoietic inductors are added generating single free-floating hematopoietic progenitors in a temporal fashion. We have identified both hemogenic endothelium (adherent) and hematopoietic (non-adherent) cells in the AGM/mesoderm coculture. Hemogenic endothelium defined by expression of VE-Cadherin cocultured on AFT024 fetal liver stromal cells is able to generate hematopoietic precursors. Non-adherent cells start budding up by day 18 in the AGM/mesoderm coculture. Flow cytometry analysis shows that CD31 is the prevalent marker in this floating population. Non-adherent VE-Caherin - CD31 + CD34 + cells arising between day 24 till 33 have shown the highest hematopoietic activity as measure by colony forming units (CFU) cells, cobblestone area-forming cell assays (week 4–5 CAFC) and their potential to generate both B and T-cells. Molecular characterization of hemogenic endothelium the non-adherent VE-Caherin - CD31 + CD34 + cells by qRT-PCR confirm that also a temporal gene expression is taken place as cells transit from endothelium to hematopoietic cells. VE-Caherin - CD31 + CD34 + cells also express CRCX4, suggesting their potential for engrafting in mice models. This novel approach provides a unique opportunity to study the early events and to identify molecular targets in the human hematopoietic commitment, lineage specification, and maturation; these hematopoietic cells may represent a promise for clinical therapies in a diverse range of blood diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Developing nitrate-nitrogen transport models using remotely-sensed geospatial data of soil moisture profiles and wet depositions.

Nutrients loads in aquatic systems are dynamic and highly influenced by changing the land, soil, and atmospheric conditions. This study enhances water quality modeling by providing novel nitrate tr...
System model for transfer and application of the appropriate health technologies in rural areas

Considering the core concept of the system theory,the author describes the conception,components and main functions of the subjects,the objects and behavioral factors for the popularization and application of appropriate health technologies.This theoretically built up the system model for transfer and application of the appropriate health technologies in Chinese rural areas. Key words: Appropriate health technology; Transferring and applying; System model
How do close-circuit television cameras impact crimes and clearances? An evaluation of the Milwaukee police department’s public surveillance system

This study uses quasi-experimental analyses to estimate the effectiveness of police-operated CCTV cameras in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Most studies have focused on how cameras can deter crime. But, lik...
Baryon Clustering at the critical line and near the hypothetical critical point

Abstract We study clustering of baryons at the freeze-out point of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, see [E. Shuryak and J.M. Torres-Rincon, arXiv:1805.04444 [hep-ph] ]. Using a Walecka-Serot model for the nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction we analyze how the modified/critical σ mode—responsible for the NN attraction—allows for clustering of nucleons when the system is close to a possible critical point of QCD. We investigate clusters of few nucleons, and also large cluster configurations when the system is long lived. For realistic heavy-ion collisions we study to how extend such clusters can be formed in a finite time, and perform the statistical analysis of cumulants and higher-order moments (skewness and kurtosis) for collisions at the Beam Energy Scan of RHIC. We finally suggest usage of out-of-equilibrium production of light nuclei d, t, He3, He4 and provide estimates for their formation in such collisions due to clustering.
Estimation of daily global solar radiation based on MODIS satellite measurements: The case study of Adrar region (Algeria)

Abstract In solar energy studies, solar irradiance data at a given site are a fundamental input for reliably predicting performance behavior and the potential of solar applications. Unfortunately, this parameter is not measured in many parts of the world, especially in developing nations, because of the lack of measuring facilities. In this paper, an alternative method for resource assessment is proposed and evaluated. In the proposed method, a model satellite-derived solar irradiance technique was implemented to estimate daily global solar irradiance using satellite earth observation data, particularly products derived from NASA's MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The estimation results were validated with the observed data collected in the Renewable Energy Research Unit in the Saharan Region of Adrar (URERMS) over a three-year period. The effects of cloud cover and solar zenith angle on the daily mean global solar irradiance are studied. The accuracy of the model is evaluated with various statistical parameters (RMSE, R, MBE, MAE). The results show that the correlation between the estimated and measured values of global solar irradiance is significant, and the effect of cloud and solar zenith angle on the estimation is confirmed.
Online Student Privacy in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Research

This systematic review of research on online student privacy in higher education used a strategic search process to synthesize research on online student privacy based on publications trends, resea...
Unraveling the Structural Basis of Selective Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 3A5

The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes metabolize more than one-half of marketed drugs. They share high structural and substrate similarity and are often studied together as CYP3A4/5. However, CYP3A5 preferentially metabolizes several clinically prescribed drugs, such as tacrolimus. Genetic polymorphism in CYP3A5 makes race-based dosing adjustment of tacrolimus necessary to minimize acute rejection after organ transplantation. Moreover, the differential tissue distribution and expression levels of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 can aggravate toxicity during treatment. Therefore, selective inhibitors of CYP3A5 are needed to distinguish the role of CYP3A5 from that of CYP3A4 and serve as starting points for potential therapeutic development. To this end, we report the crystal structure of CYP3A5 in complex with a previously reported selective inhibitor, clobetasol propionate (CBZ). This is the first CYP3A5 structure with a type I inhibitor, which along with the previously reported substrate-free and type II inhibitor-bound structures, constitute the main CYP3A5 structural modalities. Supported by structure-guided mutagenesis analyses, the CYP3A5-CBZ structure showed that a unique conformation of the F-F' loop in CYP3A5 enables selective binding of CBZ to CYP3A5. Several polar interactions, including hydrogen bonds, stabilize the position of CBZ to interact with this unique F-F' loop conformation. In addition, functional and biophysical assays using CBZ analogs highlight the importance of heme-adjacent moieties for selective CYP3A5 inhibition. Our findings can be used to guide further development of more potent and selective CYP3A5 inhibitors.
Response to Dr. Abramovitz

(1993). Response to Dr. Abramovitz. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 11-13.
Star Quality: Aggregating Reviews to Rank Products and Merchants

Given a set of reviews of products or merchants from a wide range of authors and several reviews websites, how can we measure the true quality of the product or merchant? How do we remove the bias of individual authors or sources? How do we compare reviews obtained from different websites, where ratings may be on different scales (1-5 stars, A/B/C, etc.)? How do we filter out unreliable reviews to use only the ones with ``star quality''? Taking into account these considerations, we analyze data sets from a variety of different reviews sites (the first paper, to our knowledge, to do this). These data sets include 8 million product reviews and 1.5 million merchant reviews. We explore statistic- and heuristic- based models for estimating the true quality of a product or merchant, and compare the performance of these estimators on the task of ranking pairs of objects. We also apply the same models to the task of using Netflix ratings data to rank pairs of movies, and discover that the performance of the different models is surprisingly similar on this data set.
Fast neutron effects in glass-ceramics and amorphous semiconductors.

A review of radiation damage mechanisms in insulators and semiconductors is presented. Recent results on fast neutron effects on the ac and dc electrical properties of insulating glass-ceramics, amorphous semiconductors, and semiconducting glass-ceramics, including damage thresholds of crystallite sizes, are discussed and interpreted in terms of amorphous hand structure models and heterogeneous dielectric theory.
Predicting Treatment Time and Long-Term Outcome of the Lidcombe Program: A Replication and Reanalysis

Purpose The present study presents treatment duration and outcome data on 14 children who stutter (CWS) recently treated by the Lidcombe Program (LP). These data were then combined with data from a...
Visual inspection of data revisited: Do the eyes still have it?

In behavior analysis, visual inspection of graphic information is the standard by which data are evaluated. Efforts to supplement visual inspection using inferential statistical procedures to assess intervention effects (e.g., analysis of variance or time-series analysis) have met with opposition. However, when serial dependence is present in the data, the use of visual inspection by itself may prove to be problematic. Previously published reports demonstrate that autocorrelated data influence trained observers' ability to identify level treatment effects and trends that occur in the intervention phase of experiments. In this report, four recent studies are presented in which autoregressive equations were used to produce point-to-point functions to simulate experimental data. In each study, various parameters were manipulated to assess trained observers' responses to changes in point-to-point functions from the baseline condition to intervention. Level shifts over baseline behavior (treatment effect), as well as no change from baseline (no treatment effect or trend), were most readily identified by observers, but trends were rarely recognized. Furthermore, other factors previously thought to augment and improve observers' responses had no impact. Results are discussed in terms of the use of visual inspection and the training of behavior analysts.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Population

Background Little is known about the association between race/ethnicity and survival in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. In a state-wide pediatric cohort diagnosed with HL, we assessed demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics associated with overall survival (OS). We then attempted to validate these findings and assess disease-specific survival (DSS) in a national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort. Procedure HL patients of 0.1–21 years diagnosed from 1981 to 2010 were evaluated using the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). Kaplan–Meier curves estimated OS from 5 to 25 years based on race/ethnicity, treatment, decade of diagnosis, and sex. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions tested independent factors associated with differences in OS. These methods were replicated in the SEER with additional assessment of DSS. Results A total of 1,778 patients were identified in the FCDS and 6,027 in the SEER. Median diagnosis age was 17 years in both cohorts. In the FCDS, Blacks had worse OS than Whites and Hispanics at 25 years (33% vs. 49.2% vs. 44.7%, respectively; P = 0.0005), and Black race was associated with inferior OS on multivariate regression (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.81, P = 0.0003). In the SEER, Blacks had inferior OS (Blacks 74.2% vs. Whites 82% vs. Hispanics 82%; P = 0.0005) and DSS (85.7% vs. 90.8% vs. 88.1%, respectively; P = 0.0002) at 25 years. Hispanic males had inferior DSS compared to White males (84.8% vs. 90.6%; P = 0.0478), and Hispanic race was a predictor for inferior DSS on multivariate analysis (HR: 1.238; P < 0.0001). Conclusions Racial/ethnic disparities persist in the pediatric HL population despite modern treatment; underlying causes of these disparities are complex and need further examination.
Distinct Effector Mechanisms in the Development of Autoimmune Neuropathy versus Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

NOD mice deficient for the costimulatory molecule B7-2 (NOD-B7-2KO mice) are protected from autoimmune diabetes but develop a spontaneous autoimmune peripheral neuropathy that resembles human diseases Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Similar observations have now been made in conventional NOD mice. We have shown previously that this disease was mediated by autoreactive T cells inducing demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. In this study, we analyzed the molecular pathways involved in the disease. Our data showed that neuropathy developed in the absence of perforin or fas, suggesting that classic cytotoxicity pathways were dispensable for nerve damage in NOD-B7-2KO mice. In contrast, IFN-gamma played an obligatory role in the development of neuropathy as demonstrated by the complete protection from disease and infiltration in the nerves in NOD-B7-2KO mice deficient for IFN-gamma. This result was consistent with the inflammatory phenotype of T cells infiltrating the peripheral nerves. Importantly, the relative role of perforin, fas, and IFN-gamma appears completely different in autoimmune diabetes vs neuropathy. Thus, there are sharp contrasts in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases targeting different tissues in the same NOD background.
A Method for Deriving Large-Signal Input Impedance of Microwave Devices Using a Modified Source and Load Pull Technique

Microwave power-amplifier technology is no longer dominated by class-A FET designs. For example, GaAs HBTs offer high-efficiency microwave performance in class-B and class-C operation. When operated at lower conduction angles, device input impedance is often a strong function of input-signal amplitude. Knowing Zin for the expected bias and drive conditions is essential to first-pass success of input- and interstage-matching circuits. One widely-used, yet incorrect, method of estimating large-signal input impedance optimizes the input tuner for maximum power transfer. Assuming that this produces a complex-conjugate impedance match, the designer assigns the device under test an input impedance equal to the complex conjugate of the tuner's s22. This procedure has triggered numerous unnecessary design iterations to correct the frequency responses of high-efficiency amplifiers. The authors present a technique for accurately calculating Zin of a device under test from tuner data obtained in a modified source and load-pull configuration. The new technique inherently improves the robustness of tuner-optimization algorithms, and also allows an input tuner to function for higher device reflection coefficients than previously possible.
Total joint arthroplasty in cancer patients

Increasing numbers of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients have a history, or an active diagnosis, of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the risk of early postoperative complications in these patients. In our series, a history of malignancy was associated with an elevated risk of ischemic cardiac events and postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT), while active malignancy was associated with increased respiratory and renal complications, hematoma/seroma formation and early postoperative mortality. Both groups presented increased rates of overall in-hospital complications. Patients with bone metastasis to the hip demonstrated increased DVT and 90-day mortality rates. Cancer patients have increased morbidity and mortality after TJA and should undergo comprehensive medical optimization and adapted thromboprophylaxis.
Thalictrum cooleyi sp. nov.

Planta 38-73 cm alta. Folia inferiora semper fere 2-ternata, raro 1-ternata aut 3-ternata. Foliola inferne glauca, margine revoluto, valde angusta, raro lobata. Planttae dioicae. Inflorescentita paniculata. Pedicelli 2-20 mm longi. Flores masculi flavi pallidi. Filamenta clavata, purpurea pallida, 2-3 mm longa. Antherae oblongo-lanceolatae, obtusae, flavae. Carpella matura 4.5-6 mm longa et 1.5-2.5 mm lata, ellipsoidea, glabra, sessilia vel subsessilia, 8-10 nervis conspicuis. This new species of Thalictrum was collected in the late spring and early summer of 1957 during extensive field work for "The Flora of the Carolinas," a project undertaken by a number of members of the Botany Department of the University of North Carolina. It is named in honor of George R. Cooley, a retired New York businessman, who is much interested in the flora of the southeastern United States. He has been and is actively supporting much research in this field. Thalictrtum cooleyi belongs to the section Leucocoma (Greene) Boivin. To this section belong T. dasycarpum, T. revoluturm, T. p,olygawmumn, T. macrostylum, and T. s'ubrotundum. It differs from all of these in having lavender instead of white filaments, narrowly lanceolate instead of oblong to ovate leaflets, and fewer leaf-divisions. Thalictrum cooleyi is a very slender-stemmed, glabrous plant averaging 47 cm in height with an infloreseence averaging 7 cm in length. The very lax stems are usually supported by surrounding vegetation. The caudex is short with a fibrous root system. The 3-5 basal leaves are mostly 2-ternate, rarely 3or 1-ternate. The three or foPr, rarely five, cauline leaves decrease rapidly upward both in size and in number of divisions, and are separated from one another by long internodes. The upper leaves, usually 1-ternate, are frequently sessile, occasionally subsessile or on short petioles up to 1 cm long. The leaflets, glaucous beneath, have revolute margins and are quite different from those of most other Thalictra in being very strikingly narrow and only occasionally lobed, particularly on the cauline leaves. The terminal leaflet of each division averages 15 mm in length and 7 mm in width on basal leaves, 20.5 mm in length and 4 mm in width on cauline leaves. Of the 58 terminal leaflets from which the above measurements were made, 15 were 3-lobed, 4 were 2-lobed and the remaining 39 were unlobed. The lateral leaflets of each division average 12 mm in length and 6 mm in width on basal leaves, and 16 mm in length and 4 mm in width on the cauline leaves. Of the 111 lateral leaflets measured, 10 were 3-lobed, 11 were 2-lobed and 90 were unlobed. The flowers are borne in an open panicle on pedicels up to 2 cm long. The sepals of staminate flowers, pale yellowish to white in color, are about 1.5 mm long and are very early deciduous. The filaments, slightly clavate, are pale lavender, 2-3 mm long. The lance-oblong anthers are obtuse, 1.5 mm long, and bright yellow. The pistillate flowers are greenish, with smaller sepals and pubescent stigmas, 1.5-2 mm long, as long as or longer than the glabrous ovary. The achenes
Priorities and preferences in conflict resolution

Abstract In this study the planning process is applied to a conflict resolution problem by structuring a well known conflict (the Northern Ireland problem) using the levels of a conceptual hierarchy. The parties to the conflict form the first level, the objectives of these parties form the second level, and possible political solutions to the problem are at the third and final level. This present model is an update of an earlier analysis, carried out in 1976 and 1977, in which it was shown that the outcome which would to the greatest possible extent satisfy the aspirations of all parties would be legislative independence for Northern Ireland. The current analysis takes into account changes which have taken place since the earlier work was performed. It is shown that the most satisfactory outcome is still one of legislative independence. However, the results suggest a short-term compromise solution. An assembly, subordinate to the British government, would also satisfy most of the basic needs of the parties, provided that such an Assembly is given a wide range of powers and a large measure of autonomy. The method used here, the Analytic Hierarchy Technique (Saaty, 1977, 1980), is easy to understand and to use, and provides an efficient method for evaluating possible solutions to a conflict.
Cerclage retention versus removal following preterm premature rupture of membranes and association with amniotic fluid markers

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether amniotic fluid markers can aid the decision of whether to retain or remove a cervical cerclage after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods A retrospective cohort study included pregnancies involving PPROM after diagnostic amniocentesis and cerclage placement. Cerclage was retained for more than 12 hours after PPROM in the study group (n = 18); the comparison group comprised women who underwent immediate cerclage removal after PPROM (n = 22). Analyses were performed using concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, glucose, and white blood cells (WBCs) in the amniotic fluid to measure relationships with adverse outcomes. Results The latency period from PPROM to delivery was significantly shorter in the group that underwent immediate cerclage removal (P Conclusion Amniotic fluid levels of IL-6 and WBCs may be of clinical value for individualizing the management of patients with PPROM after cerclage.
The computation of characteristic classes of lattice gauge fields

AGL(p,C)-valued lattice gauge fieldu on a simplicial complex determines a principalGL(p,C)-bundle ξ if the plaquette products are sufficiently small with respect to the maximum distortion coefficient of the transporters. A representative cocyclecq for theqth Chern class of ξ can be computed on each 2q-simplex σ by takingcq(σ) to be the intersection number of a certain singular 2q-cubeMσ with a Schubert-type variety Σq in the space of allp×p matrices. This reduces to the solution of polynomial equations with coefficients coming fromu and thus avoids numerical integration or cooling-type procedures. An application of this method is suggested for the computation of the topological charge of anSU(3)-valued lattice gauge field on a 4-complex.
Guanidinium Groups Act as General-Acid Catalysts in Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions: A Two-Proton Inventory on a Model System

Cleavage/transesterification of phosphodiesters is catalyzed by various acidic groups in solution and with enzymes. General-acid catalysts can transfer protons to the developing phosphorane intermediate, resulting in a monoprotic-monoanionic intermediate, giving the so-called "triester mechanism". Using a proton inventory on a model compound (1) possessing an intramolecular hydrogen bond between a phosphodiester and a guanidinium group, we find that two protons move in the rate-determining step for cleavage/transesterification. In contrast, HPNP shows a single-proton inventory and is a substrate well accepted to react with the movement of only one proton at the transition state. We therefore propose a mechanism for 1 that involves general-acid catalysis by the guanidinium group. This leads one to conclude that other, more acidic groups, such as ammonium and imidazolium, would also act as general-acid catalysts.
Cosmology: an ancient view of acceleration.

The Universe is expanding ever faster — the effect of 'dark energy', most astronomers believe. Surveys of how galaxies were distributed in the past could provide precise clues to what is driving this acceleration. Cosmologists can tell from observing distant supernovae that the Universe is undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion, but the physical cause remains a mystery. The favoured explanation requires huge amounts of invisible 'dark energy', distributed across the Universe, forcing expansion via gravitational repulsion. A new survey of redshift distortions of thousands of faint galaxies provides hints as to the nature of dark-energy induced cosmic acceleration. The distortion at a redshift of z = 0.8 is consistent with the standard cosmological-constant model with low matter density and flat geometry. The current error bars are too large to distinguish among alternative origins for the accelerated expansion, but the next generation of galactic surveys, more powerful and far-reaching than the current crop, should provide much tighter constraints on the properties of dark energy.
"Cool Reflexion" and the Criticism of Values: Is, Ought, and Objectivity in Hume's Social Science

Is the fact/value distinction incompatible with the possibility of a social science which is both objective and evaluative (or normative)? Does support of the latter require rejection of the former and vice versa? This article presents an indirect argument against the incompatibility of the fact/value distinction and an objectively evaluative social science. My procedure is to show that David Hume, whose is/ought distinction is the locus classicus of the fact/value distinction, is committed both to the view that values cannot be derived from facts and to the view that social science is not (and should not be) value-neutral. Furthermore, Hume's position is free from any logical flaws. My conclusion is that it is false to say that the fact/value distinction entails a value-neutral social science, and that it is therefore utterly unnecessary for critics of such a science to waste their time attempting to “bridge the gap” between facts and values.
STUDIES ON AMSINCKIA. III. ANEUPLOID DIVERSIFICATION IN THE MURICATAE

THE SPECIES of Amsinckia which belong in the section MURICATAE are largely responsible for the notorious reputation of Amsinckia as a vigorous weed and as a taxonomically difficult group. In the present paper, information is presented on the cytology, cytogenetics and natural history of the MURICATAE which, it is felt, may contribute towards an understanding of their systematics. METHODS.-Hybridization.-Since all Amsinckias tested were self-fertile, it was necessary to emasculate either by excising the corolla, with attached stamens, in the bud, or by slitting it and removing the unopened anthers. The most suitable method varies among the species; in some, emasculation could be effected simply by pulling off the unopened corolla, being careful not to break off the style. A day or two thereafter, the stigma was pollinated with an anther from the male parent. A few progeny were found to be the result of accidental selfing, but in the cases reported here, these could easily be distinguished morphologically from the hybrids. Chromosome pairing.-The analysis of chromosome pairing at first metaphase in P. M. C.'s of hybrids (table 2), was undertaken on fixed buds by the acetocarmine squash method. In cases of extremely irregular meiosis, analysis was complicated by excessive overlapping of the chromosomes in most of the cells of any preparation. It was necessary to depend on the occasional P.M.C.'s whose division figures happened to be oriented nearly perpendicular to the plane of the squash, so that an adequate spread of the chromosomes occurred. At least five such cells from each preparation were carefully examined and the number and kind of chromosome associations ascertained. As variation among cells of one preparation was never great, it is felt that an estimate of pairing adequate for the present purposes was obtained, even though the number of cells analyzed does not allow high statistical significance to be attributed to the mean pairing values. In the case of hybrid K-190 (table 2), chromosome fragments (identifiable at second metaphase) appeared to be forming; at first metaphase it was difficult to distinguish these from univalent chromosomes, so that the estimation of the latter became very uncertain. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.-There is other than morphological evidence that the members of the MURICATAE are closely related:
Future of gas hydrate research

Methane hydrates are ice-like inclusion compounds, in which every volume of hydrate can contain as much as 180 volumes (STP) of gas.The amount of methane in natural gas hydrates is twice the total recoverable fossil fuel reserve. Because of their natural abundance in oceans and permafrost, hydrates have become an exciting national and international research issue. The movement of the gas and oil industry to ever deepening waters where hydrates occur, the compelling size and distribution of hydrate deposits, and strong international interest all support identification of crucial elements in a hydrate research program.
Cancer and the mind: separating fact from fiction.

It is quite appropriate for physicians to encourage cancer patients to join support groups. However, these patients should not blame themselves or their emotions for causing the cancer.
Improvement in Fourier Near- and Mid-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Calibrations through the Use of a Sample Transport Device

The objective of this research was to determine whether diffuse reflectance calibrations using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) could be improved by increasing the scanned sample area. A linear motion sample transport (TRANSCELL) was attached to the FTS, which increased the area scanned from 2 mm in diameter (stationary cell or STATCELL) to 2 X 50 mm. Sodium chlorite-treated forages and by-products (N = 174) were scanned in the near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) with the use of the TRANSCELL and STATCELL. Samples were analyzed for fiber, digestibility, lignin, protein, and lignin nitrobenzene oxidation products (NOPs). Overall, the best results for fiber, lignin, and digestibility were achieved by using MIR spectra and the TRANSCELL. Results in the NIR (FTS) with the use of the TRANSCELL were also improved over those obtained with the STATCELL. While the TRANSCELL was an improvement over the STATCELL for Fourier NIR analysis of NOPs, in the MIR, results for NOPs were about equal for the TRANSCELL and STATCELL. In conclusion, the use of a TRANSCELL can improve calibrations from Fourier transform spectrometers, although the degree of improvement depends on the spectral region and specific calibration under study.
Interaction between chemisorbed N2 and Li promoter atoms : A comparison between the stepped Ru(109) and the atomically smooth Ru(001) surfaces

Abstract We present a direct side-by-side comparison of the interaction of Li atoms and N 2 molecules on the atomically stepped Ru(1 0 9) single crystal surface and on the atomically smooth Ru(0 0 1) single crystal surface using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). At low adsorbate coverages there is spectroscopic evidence for the formation of a Li x (N 2 ) y complex on the Ru(1 0 9) surface, whereas no such complex is observed on the Ru(0 0 1) surface. This complex is due to local interactions between an adsorbed Li atom and N 2 adsorbed on the atomic steps of Ru(1 0 9). The short range interaction near the atomic steps is characterized by the development of several highly red-shifted ν (N 2 ) modes in the region of ∼2130 cm −1 in the IR spectra. Adsorbed N 2 molecules on both Ru(1 0 9) and Ru(0 0 1) also are influenced by the long range electrostatic field produced by Li adsorbate atoms, causing a red shift in the uncomplexed N 2 species, which monotonically increases as the Li coverage in increased. On the Ru(0 0 1) surface, small coverages of N 2 influenced by the long range effect of Li are initially chemisorbed parallel to the surface resulting in the absence of infrared activity. In addition we have also found that Li does not cause N–N bond scission on Ru(0 0 1) below 250 K.
“Mit dem Sozialismus gewachsen” Erich Loest's novel Es geht seinen Gang oder die Mühen in unserer Ebene and recent GDR cultural policy

Litterature et societe chez L. Des rapports de l'individu et de l'etat dans ce roman. Analyse de la sujetion politique chez L
Solving constrained Pell equations

Consider the system of Diophantine equations x 2 - ay 2 = b, P(x, y) = z 2 , where P is a given integer polynomial. Historically, such systems have been analyzed by using Baker's method to produce an upper bound on the integer solutions. We present a general elementary approach, based on an idea of Cohn and the theory of the Pell equation, that solves many such systems. We apply the approach to the cases P(x, y) = cy 2 + d and P(x, y) = cx + d, which arise when looking for integer points on an elliptic curve with a rational 2-torsion point.
Simulating cellular dynamics through a coupled transcription, translation, metabolic model

In order to predict cell behavior in response to changes in its surroundings or to modifications of its genetic code, the dynamics of a cell are modeled using equations of metabolism, transport, transcription and translation implemented in the Karyote software. Our methodology accounts for the organelles of eukaryotes and the specialized zones in prokaryotes by dividing the volume of the cell into discrete compartments. Each compartment exchanges mass with others either through membrane transport or with a time delay effect associated with molecular migration. Metabolic and macromolecular reactions take place in user-specified compartments. Coupling among processes are accounted for and multiple scale techniques allow for the computation of processes that occur on a wide range of time scales. Our model is implemented to simulate the evolution of concentrations for a user-specifiable set of molecules and reactions that participate in cellular activity. The underlying equations integrate metabolic, transcription and translation reaction networks and provide a framework for simulating whole cells given a user-specified set of reactions. A rate equation formulation is used to simulate transcription from an input DNA sequence while the resulting mRNA is used via ribosome-mediated polymerization kinetics to accomplish translation. Feedback associated with the creation of species necessary for metabolism by the mRNA and protein synthesis modifies the rates of production of factors (e.g. nucleotides and amino acids) that affect the dynamics of transcription and translation. The concentrations of predicted proteins are compared with time series or steady state experiments. The expression and sequence of the predicted proteins are compared with experimental data via the construction of synthetic tryptic digests and associated mass spectra. We present the mathematical model showing the coupling of transcription, translation and metabolism in Karyote and illustrate some of its unique characteristics.
Familial Heart Disease

A kindred with a high incidence of cardiac disease has been described. The mode of transmission is probably on the basis of a sex limited autosomal dominant gene. Postmortem examination in Case 1 showed coronary atherosclerosis with occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Three members of this family had complete heart block with Adams-Stokes attacks requiring implantation of an artificial pacemaker. Two asymptomatic children had first degree atrioventricular block. Other manifestations of cardiac disease include cardiomegaly, intraventricular conduction disturbances, myocardial infarction, and primary T wave changes. Certain evidence favors the interpretation that the etiology of heart disease is an unspecified cardiomyopathy; however, because of the presence of atherosclerosis in the one necropsied case and of myocardial infarction in two others, ischemic heart disease cannot be excluded.
Mechanisms of tolerance to the anticholinesterase, DFP: acetylcholine levels and dynamics in the rat brain.

Abstract The effect of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) on total and regional brain acetylcholine (ACh) levels and dynamics was investigated in rats as they developed tolerance to DFP. Microwave irradiation and integrated gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) were used in all assays. Significant increases in total brain ACh was seen at 4 through to 48 hr after an acute injection of DFP and after 1 through 22 days of chronic administration of DFP. Total brain choline levels were significantly decreased at 4 through 24 hr after DFP administration. Choline levels then became significantly greater than control values after 10 and 22 days of chronic treatment with DFP. No changes were seen in ACh synthesis or choline uptake. Regional brain levels of ACh or choline were not significantly changed 24 hr after acute administration of DFP. These results indicate that behavioral tolerance to DFP is not due to end-product inhibition of ACh synthesis. It is concluded that the probable mechanisms of tolerance may involve changes in presynaptic muscarinic receptors, as well as the changes in postsynaptic receptors which have already been verified.
ATP synthesis and electrical membrane potential in mitochondria.

The difference of the proton’s electrochemical potential (Aji~) across the membranes of rat liver mitochondria was compared with the rate of phosphorylation. It was found that in high potassium concentration (100 DIM), A/i= was approx. zero and there is no phosphorylation. This finding is predicted by the chemiosmotic model. In low potassium concentrations phosphorylation increases in parallel with the increase in Ah=. In all the experiments ApH was found to be negligibly small, thus Aji~ was effectively due to the membrane potential (Ay). dy was calculated from the difference between the mitochondrial potassium concentration and the external concentration in the presence of valinomycin. The mitochondrial potassium concentration was determined from the pellet potassium content (by flame photometry) and from the mitochondrial water content (corrected for extramitochondrial water). A pH was calculated from the distribution of 5,5-[14C]dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione and the mitochondrial water. The extent of potassium uptake in high potassium concentrations was lower than the uptake in low potassium concentration. This finding and other considerations are not compatible with an explanation of the valinomycin uncoupling effect which is based on an assumed competition between the phosphorylation and a potassium pump. Thus, it is concluded that the valinomycin induced uncoupling is due to the lowering of A y as postulated by the chemiosmotic model. However, a comparison of the free energy of the phosphorylation with the free energy of A/iH shows that the postulated H/ N P ratio of 2 is not sufficient to support phosphorylation. The mechanism of the coupling between oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria is still unknown, despite two decades of intensive investigation. The models and theories that have been proposed in order to explain oxidative phosphorylation fall into two categories: the “chemical” hypothesis and the “chemiosmotic” hypothesis. In all the models that belong to the “chemical” hypothesis it is postulated that the coupling between oxidation and phosphorylation is a direct chemical coupling that involves the formation of a high energy compound that drives the phosphorylation reaction [l]. The recent suggestion [2] that conformationd changes are the intermediate energy conserving steps is classified here as a “chemical” hypothesis. In this version the energy is passed to the phosphorylation reaction through a group of weak bonds (hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, etc.), while in the older models the energy was conserved in a single covalent bond. Mitchell suggests in a recent version of the “chemiosmotic” hypothesis [3] that the oxidation is coupled to a “pump” that ejects protons from the mitochondria. The electrochemical potential gradient of hydrogen ions that is formed and maintained by
Revisiting the concept of community: An examination of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Utopian vision

(1995). Revisiting the concept of community: An examination of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Utopian vision. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 70, Education and the liberal‐communitarian debate, pp. 19-33.
Surface Chemical Characterization Methods Applied to Energetic Materials

The reaction chemistry of energetic materials is often considered only with respect to the types and quantities of gaseous products formed. For a thorough understanding of the initial reaction steps, that largely determine the sensitivity of the material, both gaseous and solid products must be determined. In addition, it is the solid state partial decomposition intermediates remaining in a damaged material that can lead to increased sensitivity. The preference for the initial reactions to take place at the surface of particles and the low concentrations of intermediates formed demands the use of highly sensitive surface specific chemical probe techniques. State of the art surface chemical techniques will be discussed, focusing on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface mass spectrometry. Principles of operation and performance will be highlighted, comparisons will be made to bulk chemical analysis, and examples of applications will be presented.
Sensitivity of angle resolved SIMS measurements of the O− polar angle distribution to surface, subsurface and defect oxygen sites on Al(100)

Abstract Angle resolved secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements of the O- polar angle distribution have been performed on two Al(100) surfaces that contain different surface defect densities as a function of oxygen exposure at 300 K and as a function of thermal treatment following oxygen adsorption at 300 K. Correlation between the measured O- polar angle distributions and the surface structure, as determined from previous studies, indicate a sensitivity of the O- polar angle distribution to the population of oxygen in surface, subsurface and some defect sites. Oxygen atoms in surface sites on the (100) plane appear to preferentially eject at a polar angle of θ – 50° (as measured from the surface normal) while oxygen ejected from subsurface and some defect sites ejects at considerably smaller polar angles.
Annual and seasonal variation in the phyllosphere bacterial community associated with leaves of the southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora).

The phyllosphere contains a diverse bacterial community that can be intimately associated with the host plant; however, few studies have examined how the phyllosphere community changes over time. We sampled replicate leaves from a single magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) tree in the winter of three consecutive years (2007–2009) as well as during four seasons of 1 year (2008) and used molecular techniques to examine seasonal and year-to-year variation in bacterial community structure. Multivariate analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed minimal leaf to leaf variation and much greater temporal changes, with the summer (August 2008) leaf community being most distinct from the other seasons. This was confirmed by sequencing and analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries generated for each sample date. All phyllosphere communities were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, with a reduction in the representation of certain Beijerinckiaceae during the summer and a concurrent increase in the Methylobacteriaceae being the most significant seasonal change. Other important components of the magnolia phyllosphere included members of the Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with the latter two lineages also showing differences in their representation in samples collected at different times. While the leaf-associated bacterial community sampled at the same time of year in three separate years showed some similarities, generally these communities were distinct, suggesting that while there are seasonal patterns, these may not be predictable from year to year. These results suggest that seasonal differences do occur in phyllosphere communities and that broad-leafed evergreen trees such as M. grandiflora may present interesting systems to study these changes in the context of changing environmental conditions.
Tobacco smoking produces widespread dominant brain wave alpha frequency increases.

The major pharmacological ingredient in tobacco smoke is nicotine, a mild stimulant known to alter brain electrical activity. The objective of this study was to determine if tobacco smoking in humans produces localized or widespread neocortical dominant alpha electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency increases consistent with nicotine stimulation of the brainstem activating system in animals. Twenty-two male volunteer non-deprived tobacco smokers were studied. They were asked not to smoke for at least 1 h before the experiment in mid-morning as part of their usual smoking schedule. In the laboratory, they sham smoked and then smoked their favorite tobacco cigarette. Two experimental sessions (#1 and #2) were conducted, separated by a one to two month interval. In both sessions, there were minor statistically significant increases in the dominant alpha frequencies after sham smoking. In both sessions, after the subjects smoked a favorite tobacco cigarette there was a significant generalized increase in dominant alpha EEG frequencies in most scalp recording sites. This study demonstrates that tobacco smoking produces widespread bilateral neocortical increases in dominant alpha EEG frequencies consistent with the stimulant effects of nicotine on the brainstem reticular activating system.