cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Analysis of Flavor Characteristics for Black Walnut Cultivars

Seven black walnut cultivars, Brown Nugget, Davidson, Emma K, Football, Sparks 127, Sparrow, and Tomboy, were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis. Seven trained panelists developed a lexicon for the black walnuts and scored the intensities of the samples for 22 flavor attributes. Results showed that the 7 samples differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) on 13 of the attributes. For the majority of the attributes, only Emma K differed from the rest of the cultivars by being characterized with lower scores for black walnut ID, overall nutty, nutty-grain-like, nutty-buttery, floral/fruity, oily, and overall sweet. That sample also was higher in acrid, burnt, fruity-dark, musty/earthy, rancid, and bitter attributes. The remaining 6 cultivars showed few differences in individual attribute ratings, but did show some differences when mapped using multivariate techniques. Future studies should include descriptive analysis of other black walnut varieties, both wild and commercial, that could be grown and harvested for production. Practical Application Results presented in this article can assist black walnut growers in determining which cultivars to plant and harvest. By knowing which cultivars have specific flavor characteristics, growers can focus time and resources on selected cultivars, therefore resulting in higher quality black walnuts as products to be sold to consumers in various formats. By consciously choosing which cultivars to harvest, black walnut growers could better meet market demand and increase profit.
Adaptive and reconfigurable flight control using feed-forward action

Indirect adaptive control for reconfigurable flight control is advocated. Specifically, on-line static system identification using a moving window/batch estimation, is used. The ensuing linear regression is augmented with an intercept to address the effects of trim change associated with the occurrence of a control surface failure. Parameter estimate information is used to adjust the inner loop's control gains and a command derived from the intercept estimate is fed forward to retrim the aircraft automatically. The tracking performance of this automatic retrimming method which uses system identification, surpasses the conventional approach of exclusively relying on integral action for automatic retrimming. The novel adaptive and reconfigurable flight control system successfully handles a horizontal tail control surface loss.
Single cannula technique and robotic telescopic assistance in infants and children who require laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.

Background/Purpose: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is being utilized more extensively in the management of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants and children. The traditional approach utilizes 5 3- to 5-mm cannulas for telescope and instrument access to the peritoneal cavity. The purpose of this study is to report the technique and document the results using a single 5-mm umbilical cannula for LNF, stab incisions for placement of the instruments, and robotic telescope assistance. Methods: From November 1999 through March 2002, 154 patients underwent LNF by the senior author for pathologic gastroesophageal reflux disease. All operations were performed with a single 5-mm umbilical cannula through which a 4- or 5-mm telescope was placed for operative visualization. Four stab incisions were made through the upper/lateral abdominal wall under direct visualization avoiding the epigastric vessels. Through these stab incisions, instruments were inserted into the peritoneal cavity. The maximum insufflation pressure was 15 mm Hg in all cases. The ability to perform the procedure in the absence of additional operative cannula placement, complications during instrument insertion, the ability to maintain adequate pneumoperitoneum, the patient's age, weight, operating time, and the addition of a gastrostomy were recorded. Results: All but one of the 154 LNFs were completed successfully using this technique. The mean age at operation and mean operating time was 23.9 months (range, 3 weeks to 180 months) and 91 minutes (31 to 160 minutes), respectively. Patients weight ranged from 2.4 to 57 kg (mean, 10.4 kg). Gastrostomies were placed in 52 cases. There were no complications associated with the stab incisions or insertion of the operative instruments through the abdominal wall. Pneumoperitoneum was maintained adequately in all cases. Conclusions: LNF can be performed safely and effectively with a single umbilical cannula. We recommend its use for pediatric patients who require LNF. J Pediatr Surg 38:111-115. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
A Test of the Strict Quasi-Equilibrium Theory on Long Time and Space Scales

Abstract Quasi-equilibrium convective parameterizations share the common assumption that in regions of sustained deep convection rates of change in convective available potential energy (CAPE) are small compared to the magnitude of the large-scale and boundary layer forcings that act to modify CAPE. The more restrictive strict quasi-equilibrium hypothesis (SQE) is that changes in CAPE are dynamically negligible. Under this assumption, tropospheric temperature and thickness variations largely follow a moist adiabat associated with variations in the boundary layer θe. SQE is an attractive simplification for theories of large-scale circulation in the Tropics but has been inadequately tested to date. In this paper, we test the SQE hypothesis over convecting regions of the tropical oceans using microwave sounding unit tropospheric temperature and precipitation fields, along with COADS surface data, on timescales of a month and longer and on space scales ranging upward from O(300 km). One prediction of SQE, tha...
What if God commanded something terrible? A worry for divine-command meta-ethics

If God commanded something that was obviously evil, would we have a moral obligation to do it? I critically examine three radically different approaches divine-command theorists may take to the problem posed by this question: (1) reject the possibility of such a command by appealing to God's essential goodness; (2) avoid the implication that we should obey such a command by modifying the divine-command theory; and ( 3 ) accept the implication that we should obey such a command by appealing to divine transcendence and mystery. I show that each approach faces significant challenges, and that none is completely satisfying.
Adaptive sliding control of an experimental underwater vehicle

It is shown that adaptive extensions of sliding control are effective for precise control of underwater vehicles through experiments with an actual vehicle. Adaptive sliding control permits direct nonlinear control system design, including online parameter estimation. Experimental results are detailed which were obtained from a tethered underwater vehicle equipped with a precision broadband acoustic navigation system and three-degree-of-freedom attitude instrumentation controlled through a real-time network of transputers. Simulation and experimental trials show online determination of vehicle parameters such as mass and nonlinear drag. >
An Introduction to Network Architectures and Protocols

This tutorial paper is intended for the reader who is unfamiliar with computer networks, to prepare him for reading the more detailed technical literature on the subject. The approach here is to start with an ordered list of the functions that any network must provide in tieing two end users together, and then to indicate how this leads naturally to layered peer protocols out of which the architecture of a computer network is constructed. After a discussion of a few block diagrams of private (commercially provided) and public (common carrier) networks, the layer and header structures of SNA and DNA architectures and the X .25 interface are briefly described.
Patient Disclosure of Medical Misdeeds

Modern patients walk a tightrope between respecting medical authority and acting as knowledgeable advocates regarding health issues, with the agency and responsibilities that come with this. This article uses conversation analysis to explore this balance in relation to patient disclosures of medical misdeeds in video-recorded primary care medical visits (e.g., taking another's prescription medication or failing to adhere to a healthy lifestyle or prescription regimen). We focus on patient-initiated disclosures. We show that disclosures are used (1) where patients are seeking physician assessment of their behavior, (2) where patients are proposing the etiology of a health problem, and (3) where patients are lobbying for a particular treatment outcome. We argue that disclosures of medical misdeeds are an important but understudied domain of conduct in which patients show awareness of their own agency over, and responsibility for, their healthcare and respect for the physician's medical authority.
Recognition rights, mental health consumers and reconstructive cultural semantics

Introduction: Those in mental health-related consumer movements have made clear their demands for humane treatment and basic civil rights, an end to stigma and discrimination, and a chance to participate in their own recovery. But theorizing about the politics of recognition, ‘recognition rights’ and epistemic justice, suggests that they also have a stake in the broad cultural meanings associated with conceptions of mental health and illness. Results: First person accounts of psychiatric diagnosis and mental health care (shown here to represent ‘counter stories’ to the powerful ‘master narrative’ of biomedical psychiatry), offer indications about how experiences of mental disorder might be reframed and redefined as part of efforts to acknowledge and honor recognition rights and epistemic justice. However, the task of cultural semantics is one for the entire culture, not merely consumers. These new meanings must be negotiated. When they are not the result of negotiation, group-wrought definitions risk imposing a revision no less constraining than the mis-recognizing one it aims to replace. Contested realities make this a challenging task when it comes to cultural meanings about mental disorder. Examples from mental illness memoirs about two contested realities related to psychosis are examined here: the meaninglessness of symptoms, and the role of insight into illness. They show the magnitude of the challenge involved - for consumers, practitioners, and the general public - in the reconstruction of these new meanings and realities. Conclusion: To honor recognition rights and epistemic justice acknowledgement must be made of the heterogeneity of the effects of, and of responses to, psychiatric diagnosis and care, and the extent of the challenge of the reconstructive cultural semantics involved.
Quercetin-dependent induction of colonocyte apoptosis depends on the dietary lipid source

A125 We have previously reported that quercetin (Q) added to a diet containing fish oil (FO; n-3 fatty acids) or corn oil (CO; n-6 fatty acids) increases apoptosis in the rat colon. Because Q is an antioxidant we investigated whether the increase in apoptosis was mediated by changes in redox status of rat colonocytes. Therefore, rats (n=40) were fed FO or CO diets supplemented with 0 or 0.45% Q for 10 wk. All rats were injected with azoxymethane on d 21 and 28. At termination, colonocytes from scraped mucosa were lysed and stored at -80°C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (indicators of endogenous antioxidant capacity) were measured by ELISA. The levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were measured by HPLC in colon mucosal scrapings. There was no effect of treatment on the activity of mitochondrial SOD. However, total SOD was elevated (p=0.0206) in the CO rats, with the greatest difference occurring between CO and FO rats without Q in the diet. In addition, GPx was elevated (P = 0.0025) in CO rats. CAT was higher (p=0.0204) in FO rats, which was primarily due to the elevated CAT in FO rats without Q in the diet. GSH level was not affected by diet; however, GSSG was elevated (P = 0.0554) in CO rats compared to FO rats supplemented with Q. The GSH/GSSG ratio was lower (P = 0.0314) in CO rats than in FO rats. These data suggest that the redox environment in CO/Q colonocytes enhanced oxidative stress, which may contribute to an increase in apoptosis. In contrast, the pro-apoptotic FO and Q diet appears to be operating through a different mechanism. Funding: USDA-CSREES 2005-34402-16401, and NIEHS P30-ES09106.
A robustized maximum entropy approach to system identification

In this paper, a robust identification method of the system model is proposed. The robustizing process is in the form of a Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation (RMSA) algorithm and is based on the m-interval polynomial approximation (MIPA) method. The resulting algorithm, which estimates the coefficients of the system model, represents a recursive robustized version of the well-known maximum entropy method (MEM) for spectral estimation introduced by Burg, or of the popular Widrow least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filter adopted widely in engineering. Furthermore, the MIPA robustizing algorithm leads naturally to a robustized Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to determine the order of the system model. The simplicity of implementation and flexibility make applications of the MIPA identification algorithms attractive in practice. The robustness of performance is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.
Mesocircuit Mechanisms Underlying Recovery of Consciousness Following Severe Brain Injuries: Model and Predictions

This chapter reviews the mesocircuit hypothesis for the recovery of consciousness after severe brain injuries. Building up from a single premise that multifocal brain injuries typically produce widespread neuronal death and dysfunction, the mesocircuit model proposes a lawful circuit-level mechanism on the basis of known anatomical and physiological specializations of the corticothalamic system. The hypothesis is deeply generative of testable predictions at the mesocircuit and cellular level across multiple cerebral structures. Recent tests of some of these predictions are discussed as well as next steps in evaluating theoretical implications of the mesocircuit model.
Diagnosis of mediastinal lesions unassociated with lung carcinoma diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)

Introduction Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a safe, cost-effective, and accurate diagnostic modality for the lung/mediastinum. Although some studies have been published on EBUS-TBNA of isolated mediastinal lesions, none have been reported from the United States. This study examines EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis of isolated mediastinal lesions. Materials and methods All cases of mediastinal EBUS-TBNA (defined in radioanatomic terms) during a 7-year period (July 2007-September 2014) were obtained from the anatomic pathology database. Pathologic reports, clinical notes, bronchoscopy notes, and imaging studies were reviewed. Only patients with a mediastinal lesion or non-pulmonary parenchyma-based lesions sampled by EBUS-TBNA without a prior or synchronous lung carcinoma were included in this study. Results Of the 3005 EBUS-TBNA cases accessioned during this time period at our institute, 47 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median patient age was 61 years (range: 27-84 years). Both genders were nearly equally represented. A definitive cytologic interpretation was rendered in 40 out of 47 cases (85.1%). Malignancies included non-pulmonary carcinomas (8), sarcomas (5), hematolymphoid malignancies (5), neuroendocrine neoplasm (1), melanoma (1), and undifferentiated malignancy (1). Surgical follow-up was available in 18 of 47 cases (38.3%). There was cytologic-histologic correlation in 16 of 18 cases (88.9%). Surgical follow-up of all cysts diagnosed by cytology were benign cysts. Over the 7-year period, an increasing proportion of all EBUS-TBNAs performed were for mediastinal lesions unassociated with lung carcinoma. Conclusions EBUS-TBNA has a high accuracy rate when used to diagnose mediastinal lesions unassociated with lung carcinoma. Its utility as a primary diagnostic modality in this setting needs to be explored further.
Relation between serum complement and plasma electrophoretic fraction levels in human tuberculosis.

Summary1. Fifty per cent hemolytic units of complement determined on groups of normal individuals, tuberculous patients and tuberculous patients receiving ACTH showed highest activity in the tuberculous group and least activity in the normal group. Analysis of variance showed differences between the complement activity of normal and tuberculous individuals significant. 2. A significant correlation was observed between complement levels and time after hormone administration indicating a trend toward increased complement activity (decreased 50% unit) after long continued ACTH administration. 3. A highly significant correlation was seen between the concentration of gamma globulin and complement level, increased complement activity being associated with decreased gamma globulin concentration. No correlation between complement activity and other electrophoretic components (albumin, alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulins, β globulin and fibrinogen) was observed.
Search for the rare decay K + -->π + e + e -

A search for the rare decay ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been carried out at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory using a sparkostrictive wire-chamber spectrometer. Analysis programs identified events with three tracks or with two tracks of which one was an electron and the other a positron. Analysis of the three-track events yields a branching ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}l1.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ (90% confidence). The two-track events, analyzed by searching for sparks on a possible pion track, yield a limit of $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}l2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ (90% confidence). The latter value implies that the coupling constant for a vector neutral current must be about three orders of magnitude smaller than the coupling constant for the charged vector current.
Supersymmetric composite gauge fields with compensators

Abstract We study supersymmetric composite gauge theory, supplemented with compensator mechanism. As our first example, we give the formulation of N = 1 supersymmetric non-Abelian composite gauge theory without the kinetic term of a non-Abelian gauge field. The important ingredient is the Proca–Stueckelberg-type compensator scalar field that makes the gauge-boson field equation non-singular, i.e. , the field equation can be solved for the gauge field algebraically as a perturbative expansion. As our second example, we perform the gauging of chiral-symmetry for N = 1 supersymmetry in four dimensions by a composite gauge field. These results provide supporting evidence for the consistency of the mechanism that combines the composite gauge field formulations and compensator formulations, all unified under supersymmetry.
Development Status and Trend of Green Agriculture in China

Green agriculture is a new type of Chinese agriculture which fully considers the national conditions and the requirements of modernized agriculture development.The connotation of green agriculture was expounded in this paper.The development status of green agriculture in China was analyzed from development scale,development speed,industrialized level,economic and social benefit.The prospect of Chinese green agriculture was also put forward at the end of this paper.
A retrospective study of the pharmacokinetics of heparin.

The published data on pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered heparin were studied by computer analysis. The relative volume(s) of distribution (RVD) and plasma half-life (t½) were calculated for men, dogs, and rabbits. All 57 log plasma heparin concentration-time curves fitted equations for first-order processes, even at the largest doses. In dogs, both the RVD and t½ varied with the dose and with each other, regardless of dose; in men, only the t½ varied with dose. The t½ in men increased to a greater extent per unit increment in dose than in dogs. In both species, the RVD corresponded to the plasma volume, except with very large doses. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that heparin may leave the plasma by uptake into the reticuloendothelial system. They explain some of the difficulties in devising practical and reliable clinical dose schedules for heparin.
Ten Immunization-Related Tips in Outpatient Practice

Keeping up with immunization recommendations and implementing them can be an ongoing challenge for clinicians. Ten tips related to various immunizations given in the outpatient setting are presented, as well as resources useful to the clinician in his or her daily practice.
Global production networks and uneven development: Exploring geographies of devaluation, disinvestment, and exclusion

This paper examines global production networks through the lens of uneven development. Although originally concerned with asymmetries in the global economy, in the 1990s, global production network studies shifted decidedly towards a focus upon realizing the mutual benefits of engagement between multinationals, their suppliers, and the regions where the latter were located. Recent trends in supply chain restructuring, thrown into sharp relief by the 2008 financial crisis, have spurred more attention to the downsides of participation in global production networks, framed as empirical outcomes. Here, I explore this literature through the lens of three inter-related processes of uneven development: strategies to defer devaluation, regional disinvestment, and constitutive exclusion. Viewed from this perspective, the global production network can serve as a powerful heuristic device to grasp emerging forms of territorial and social unevenness in the global economy.
QSARs for phenols and phenolates: oxidation potential as a predictor of reaction rate constants with photochemically produced oxidants

Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for prediction of the reaction rate constants of phenols and phenolates with three photochemically produced oxidants, singlet oxygen, carbonate radical, and triplet excited state sensitizers/organic matter, are developed. The predictive variable is the one-electron oxidation potential (E1), which is calculated for each species using density functional theory. The reaction rate constants are obtained from the literature, and for singlet oxygen, are augmented with new experimental data. Calculated E1 values have a mean unsigned error compared to literature values of 0.04–0.06 V. For singlet oxygen, a single linear QSAR that includes both phenols and phenolates is developed that predicts experimental rate constants, on average, to within a factor of three. Predictions for only 6 out of 87 compounds are off by more than a factor of 10. A more limited data set for carbonate radical reactions with phenols and phenolates also gives a single linear QSAR with prediction of rate constant being accurate to within a factor of three. The data for the reactions of phenols with triplet state sensitizers demonstrate that two sensitizers, 2-acetonaphthone and methylene blue, most closely predict the reactivity trend of triplet excited state organic matter with phenols. Using sensitizers with stronger reduction potentials could lead to overestimation of rate constants and thus underestimation of phenolic pollutant persistence.
Gut microbiota and oxalate homeostasis

This perspective focuses on how the gut microbiota can impact urinary oxalate excretion in the context of hyperoxaluria, a major risk factor in kidney stone disease. In the genetic disease of Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 (PH1), an increased endogenous production of oxalate, due to a deficiency of the liver enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), results in hyperoxaluria and oxalate kidney stones. The constant elevation in urinary oxalate in PH1 patients ultimately leads to tissue deposition of oxalate, renal failure and death and the only known cure for PH1 is a liver or liver-kidney transplant. The potential impact of a probiotic/therapeutic approach may be clinically significant in PH1 and could also extend to a much larger population of idiopathic oxalate stone formers who comprise ~12% of Americans, individuals with enteric hyperoxaluria, and an emerging population of hyperoxaluric patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and develop kidney stone disease as a consequence.
2 – INSECT HEMOCYTES AND THEIR ROLE IN IMMUNITY

The cellular immune response of insects refers to defense responses mediated by hemocytes such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, and clotting. In this chapter I review the classification of hemocytes, their origins, and functions. Although hemocytes have similar functions across all insects, the naming of different hemocyte types varies among species. However, comparative studies across different taxa suggest hemocytes are produced during two stages of insect development: embryogenesis from head or dorsal mesoderm and during the larval or nymphal stages in mesodermally derived hematopoietic organs. Studies in model species like Drosophila melanogaster have identified several signaling pathways regulating hemocyte proliferation and differentiation. Studies in different taxa have also provided important insights into the regulation of hemocyte-mediated defense responses. These include the identification of multiple receptors involved in recognition or opsonization of foreign targets, cytokines that regulate hemocyte function, adhesion proteins, and effector molecules involved in killing foreign invaders. Studies in different insect models also reveal evidence of crosstalk between hemocytes and other components of the immune system. In summary, hemocytes perform diverse functions and comprise an essential arm of the insect immune system.
Outband optical modulation technique for measuring intrinsic dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifier

A practical technique using outband optical intensity modulation is demonstrated for measuring an SOA's dynamic response for the first time. A significant difference in co- and counter-propagating the pump with signal is observed and explained.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Vascular Injuries (Surgical and Endovascular)

Vascular injuries due to blunt or penetrating trauma can be challenging to diagnose and treat, particularly when they involve central vessels or occur in patients with other major injuries or comorbidities. Over the past 30 years, the optimal management of these vascular lesions has been refined by both military and civilian trauma experiences (Jahnke and Seeley 1953; Perry et al. 1971; Drapanas et al. 1970; Burnett et al. 1976; Feliciano et al. 1984; Rich and Spencer 1978). This chapter describes several general principles which apply to the diag-nosis and traditional surgical treatment of major arterial and venous injuries. In addition, it reviews the indications for various endovascular treatment techniques, the literature on the use of endovascular stented grafts for vascular trauma, and our experience with these grafts for traumatic vascular lesions at the Montefiore Medical Center in New York.
The Relationship Between Rural Health Clinic Use and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Purpose High rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits indicate limited primary care access. Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) are intended to increase access to primary care. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of RHCs and their impact on potentially preventable hospitalizations and ED visits among Medicare beneficiaries based on actual individual-level utilization patterns. Methods With Medicare Part A and Part B claims data from 2007 to 2010, we constructed a series of individual-level negative binomial regression models to examine the relationship between RHC use and the number of potentially preventable hospitalizations and ED visits. Findings RHC use was associated with a 27% increase in potentially preventable hospitalizations and a 24% increase in potentially preventable ED visits among older Medicare enrollees. Among younger, disabled Medicare beneficiaries, RHC use was associated with a 14% increase in potentially preventable hospitalizations and an 18% increase in potentially preventable ED visits. Potentially preventable hospitalizations and ED visits were more common among beneficiaries who were black or who had more chronic conditions. Conclusions The results of our study highlight that the Medicare population using RHCs is at especially high risk for potentially preventable hospitalizations and ED visits. The mechanisms behind this are not well understood and should receive continued attention from policy makers and researchers.
Self-Translation as Testimony: Halide Edib Rewrites The Turkish Ordeal

This chapter looks at the phenomenon of self-translation not just as a case of textual migration of works between cultures, but also as a case of lingual migration of author-translator. The comparative examination of the memoirs of Halide Edib in the English version The Turkish Ordeal (1928) and in its self-translated Turkish edition published as Turk’un Atesle Imtihani [Turk’s Ordeal With Fire] in 1962 shows how and why a Turkish woman writer decides to write and rewrite the national history and the self-narration when addressing two different audiences. Reframing self-translation as rewriting, the study reads Halide Edib’s process of self-translation as a case of strategic self-censorship that entails partial and multilateral ideological and linguistic alignments. For Edib’s initial choice of English as her narrative space emerges an example of self-translation as a means to promote the positive development of the self, while the Turkish translation of the memoir is carried out to pre-empt the charges of political, cultural and literary treason from its Turkish audience. Read together with the Turkish version, the English memoir acquires the status of testimonial writing, merging self-narration with national history. This act of self-translation, therefore, explores one of the most profound relationships with national history, authorial identity and language.
G189(P) Development of an annual endoscopy audit plan using measures in the P-GRS(paediatric global rating scale for endoscopy) in a tertiary paediatric endoscopy service to facilitate quality improvement

Background A paediatric global ratings scale for endoscopy(PGRS) is currently being piloted nationally, and this will provide a quality and safety framework for service improvement in Paediatric endoscopy units. An annual endoscopy audit plan is essential to help units identify that they are meeting the required measures and identifying areas of improvement. Aim To develop an annual endoscopy audit plan to facilitate quality improvement in the endoscopy service in a tertiary centre. Subjects and Methods A retrospective audit of all procedures done by the Paediatric gastroenterology team during 1/10/16–15/ 10/16 was done. We used measures from the P-GRS to develop standards for the audit plan. Letters of correspondence, consent, operation notes, anaesthetic charts, nursing documentation and biopsy reports were reviewed. Patient feedback questionnaires were also included. Results 46 patients(age range 8 months to 17 years) had endoscopies during the study period. 78%(36) of these had elective procedures. Out of the 22%(10) who had non-elective procedures, 18%(8) were urgent and 4%(2) were emergency procedures. 100% of procedures had a clearly documented indication, and had completed consent forms, all of which were 2-stage. The procedure completion rate was 100%, and bowel preparation was adequate in 98%. One patient developed post-operative oxygen requirement; otherwise there were no other post-procedure complications. There were no deaths within 30 days of the procedure. Patient feedback questionnaires showed 78% of respondents rated their overall endoscopy experience as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’. One patient had an endoscopic assessment for Upper GI bleeding during the audit period. This patient was risk assessed and had an endoscopic assessment appropriately. Summary and conclusion The audit showed that our Unit is performing well against a number of the quality and safety measures in the P-GRS. Areas that require improvement include developing procedure-specific after care patient information leaflets, better documentation on patients‘ anaesthetic needs, and procuring an endoscopy reporting system(ERS). This also highlighted the need for close collaboration with other stakeholders such as anaesthetics and theatre admissions staff to share findings and implement change.
Burnout, depression, perceived stress, and self-efficacy in vascular surgery trainees.

Abstract Objective Burnout is a work-related syndrome involving emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment that has become prevalent in all levels of medical training. We sought to understand factors associated with burnout identified in vascular surgery trainees. Methods An anonymous electronic survey consisting of demographic and programmatic information as well as validated scales for burnout, depression, perceived stress, self-efficacy, and social support was given to all vascular surgery trainees in the United States. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare responses. Residents were grouped into quartiles based on burnout level, and predictors of burnout were determined. Results Of the 514 invitations sent, 177 (34%) respondents completed the survey. Trainees in the highest quartile of burnout were more likely to have moderate to severe depression (40% vs 4%; P Conclusions Burnout in vascular surgery trainees is associated with higher levels of depression and perceived stress and lower levels of social support and self-efficacy. The addition of programmatic social events, limiting 80-hour work week violations, and addition of formal mentoring programs may decrease levels of burnout.
Ab initio modeling of nonequilibrium electron-ion dynamics of iron in the warm dense matter regime

The spatiotemporal electron and ion relaxation dynamics of iron induced by femtosecond laser pulses was studied using a one-dimensional two-temperature model (1D-TTM) where electron and ion temperature-dependent thermophysical parameters such as specific heat ($C$), electron-phonon coupling ($G$), and thermal conductivity ($K$) were calculated with ab initio density-functional-theory (DFT) simulations. Based on the simulated time evolutions of electron and ion temperature distributions [${T}_{e}(x,t)$ and ${T}_{i}(x,t)$], the time evolution of x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was calculated and compared with experimental results reported by Fernandez-Pa\~nella et al., where the slope of XANES spectrum at the onset of absorption ($s$) was used due to its excellent sensitivity to the electron temperature. Our results indicate that the ion temperature dependence on $G$ and $C$, which is largely neglected in the past studies, is very important for studying the nonequilibrium electron-ion relaxation dynamics of iron in warm dense matter (WDM) conditions. It is also shown that the $1/s$ behavior becomes very sensitive to the thermal gradient profile, in other words, to the values of $K$ in a TTM simulation, for target thickness of about two to four times the mean free path of conduction electrons. Our approach based on 1D-TTM and XANES simulations can be used to determine the optimal combination of target geometry and laser fluence for a given target material, which will enable us to tightly constrain the thermophysical parameters under electron-ion nonequilibrium WDM conditions.
An adaptive anomaly detector for worm detection

We present an adaptive end-host anomaly detector where a supervised classifier trained as a traffic predictor is used to control a time-varying detection threshold. Using real enterprise traffic traces for both training and testing, we show that our detector outperforms a fixed-threshold detector. This comparison is robust to the choice of off-the-shelf classifier and to a variety of performance criteria, i.e., the predictor's error rate, the reduction in the "threshold gap," and the ability to detect incremental worm traffic that is added to real life traces. Our adaptive-threshold detector is intended as a part of a distributed worm detection system. This distributed system infers system-wide threats from end-host detections, thereby avoiding the sensing and resource limitations of conventional centralized systems. The system places a constraint on this end-host detector to appear consistent over time and host variability
Changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging with Yogic meditation: A pilot study

Background: The neural substrates of Yogic meditation are not well understood. Meditation is theorized to be a conscious mental process that induces a set of complex physiological changes within the areas of the brain termed as the “relaxation response.” Aims and objective: Pilot data of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study is presented to observe and understand the selective activations of designated brain regions during meditation. Material and methods: Four trained healthy Patanjali Yoga practitioners in their mid-60s participated in this prototype interventional study. A three-part 1-min block design alternating between meditation (test) and relaxation (control) phase with an imaginary visual fixation and auditory stimulation was used. Result and observation: The fMRI images revealed strong activation in the right prefrontal regions during the visual and auditory fixation meditation phases compared to no activations during the relaxation phase. A comparison between the visual and auditory fixations revealed shifts within the prefrontal and temporal regions. In addition, activation in occipital and temporal regions was observed during the meditation phase. Occipital lobe activation was more apparent during visual meditation phase. Conclusion: It is concluded that specific fMRI brain activations are observed during different forms of Yogic meditation (visual and auditory phases). Occipital and prefrontal activation could be modulating the known neurophysiological and biological effects of meditation.
Twice Have the Trumpets Sounded

Probably no single aspect of the semiotics of performance is more critical than the conventionalized signals that inform the audience that they are entering or leaving the liminal world of performance, and that the signs they will receive between these two signals are to be interpreted not necessarily as they would be in everyday life, but according to the codes of the performance situation. A clear example of one familiar modern sign for the ending of the performance is, of course, the curtain call. Throughout the history of theatre, the ending of the performance has most commonly been signaled by visual means – the curtain call, the bringing up of the house lights, the lowering of the house curtain, the general dance of the performers. When we consider the various means by which the beginning of a performance is indicated, however, we find that a significant number of them are in fact not visual but sonic – the first, second and third music in Restoration theatre, the trumpet fanfares at Stratford (Ontario) the “trois coups” of the traditional French theatre, the traditional playing of “God Save the Queen” in British theatres, and Ellen Stewart’s ringing of the hand bell for years at La Mama. In certain cases, the semiotics of sound have been prioritized over those of sight for the sake of summoning audiences, but most often they are already assembled and so other dynamics are at work. This essay will consider some of the most important uses of sound in this particular semiotic function, that is, as a signal for the audience to experience various theatrical works with a performance-oriented consciousness.
Dictionary Representations for Electrode Displacement Elastography

Ultrasound electrode displacement elastography (EDE) has demonstrated the potential to monitor ablated regions in human patients after minimally invasive microwave ablation procedures. Displacement estimation for EDE is commonly plagued by decorrelation noise artifacts degrading displacement estimates. In this paper, we propose a global dictionary learning approach applied to denoising displacement estimates with an adaptively learned dictionary from EDE phantom displacement maps. The resulting algorithm is one that represents displacement patches sparsely if they contain low noise and averages remaining patches thereby denoising displacement maps while retaining important edge information. The results of dictionary-represented displacements presented with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) with improved contrast, as well as improved phantom inclusion delineation when compared to initial displacements, median-filtered displacements, and spline smoothened displacements, respectively. In addition to visualized noise reduction, dictionary-represented displacements presented with the highest SNR, CNR, and improved contrast with values of 1.77, 4.56, and 4.35 dB, respectively, when compared to axial strain tensor images estimated using the initial displacements. Following EDE phantom imaging, we utilized dictionary representations from in vivo patient data, further validating efficacy. Denoising displacement estimates are a newer application for dictionary learning producing strong ablated region delineation with little degradation from denoising.
Liabifity and accountability in psychotherapy supervision : a review, survey, and proposal.

The contemporary climate of medical-legal liability, and of increasing expectations of accountability from agencies that pay for psychiatric services and training stipends, has created an atmosphere within which issues of liability and accountability should be constructively addressed. The authors conducted a nationwide survey of psychiatry residency training directors and asked them to estimate the awareness of their supervisors of liability issues pertinent to the supervision of psychiatric residents learning psychotherapy. While the training directors assume that their faculty supervisors, including volunteer faculty, are familiar with issues of accountability, very few make tangible efforts to provide this information. The authors found that patients are not routinely informed of the identity of supervisors, although the patients are usually informed that a therapist is in training. The authors propose practical interventions whereby residency training programs could address the issues of faculty members’ awareness of their accountability, the education and training of supervisors, the documentation of supervisory sessions, and the attitudes and practices of psychotherapy trainees.
BrainNET: Inference of brain network topology using Machine Learning

ObjectiveTo develop a new fMRI network inference method, BrainNET, that utilizes an efficient machine learning algorithm in a specialized way to quantify contributions of various regions of interests (ROIs) in the brain to a specific ROI to estimate the network.nnMethodsBrainNET is based on Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT) to estimate network topology from fMRI data and modified to generate an adjacency matrix representing brain network topology, without reliance on arbitrary thresholds. Open source simulated fMRI data of fifty subjects in twenty-eight different simulations under various confounding conditions with known ground truth was used to validate the method. Performance was compared with Pearson correlation. The real-world performance was then evaluated in a publicly available Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dataset including 135 Typically Developing Children (mean age: 12.00, males: 83), 75 ADHD Inattentive (mean age: 11.46, males: 56) and 93 ADHD Combined (mean age: 11.86, males: 77) subjects. Network topologies were inferred using BrainNET and Pearson correlation. Graph metrics were extracted to determine differences between ADHD groups. An extension to BrainNET was also developed (B-Corr) in which BrainNET adjacency matrix is combined with Pearson correlation output to remove false positives.nnResultsBrainNET demonstrated excellent performance across all simulations and varying confounders. It achieved significantly higher accuracy and sensitivity than Pearson correlation (p<0.05). In ADHD dataset, BrainNET was able to identify significant changes (p< 0.05) in graph metrics between groups. No significant changes in graph metrics between ADHD groups was identified using Pearson correlation. The B-Corr method provided similar results to BrainNET.
How Nonprofit Arts Organizations Sustain Communities: Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Strategy and Engagement in Community Sustainability:

This article investigates the relationship between several elements of organizational strategy and arts and culture nonprofits perceived contributions to community sustainability. We ask the follow...
Molecular dynamics study of temperature and heating rate-dependent sintering of titanium nanoparticles and its influence on the sequent tension tests of the formed particle-chain products

Sintering of multiple single-crystal titanium (Ti) nanoparticles (NPs) during additive manufacturing by using ultrafast laser was simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). The aim was to better understand how factors such as sintering temperature and heating rate would influence the mechanical properties of the ultrafine-sized sintered products, i.e., Ti “NP-chains.” For this purpose, the effects of heating and strain rate on the tensile behavior of the final sintered products were studied in detail. Ti NP-chain precursors with weak neck connections were first created through solid-state sintering process at room temperature. They were later heated very rapidly to 800 K, 1200 K, or 1500 K with two different heating rates of 0.04 K/ps and 0.2 K/ps, and maintained at these high-temperature levels for 1 ns to mimic the fast temperature rise and short equilibration due to femtosecond/picosecond laser irradiation. The formed Ti NP-chains with different neck connection strengths were then cooled to 298 K. Those final NP-chains were subjected to uniaxial tension at three different strain rates of 0.001%/ps, 0.01%/ps, and 0.1%/ps. Our simulation results indicate a strong correlation between the tensile strength of the final NP-chain product and the heating rate during the previous short sintering process (including the ultrafast temperature rise and up to 1-ns high-temperature equilibration). A slower heating rate to a higher temperature level yields larger neck connection diameters in the final NP-chain product, resulting a higher tensile strength. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that high strain rates applied to the NP-chains with stronger neck connections result in an improvement in the tensile strength and ductility of the final products. In contrast, sintered products resulting from a lower temperature level show an elastic-brittle-damage behavior. Due to the weak neck connections and limited crystal sliding, the heating rate effect during sintering does not have a significant effect on the tensile strength.
Solutions Manual for Environmental Economics: An Integrated Approach

This is the solutions manual for the discussion questions that are found at the end of each chapter of Environmental Economics: An Integrated Approach