cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphine modulates γδ lymphocytes cytolytic activity following BCG vaccination

Chronic opioid administration modulates lymphocytes' functional capabilities increasing susceptibility to infectious diseases. Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination initiates a non-specific and specific cell-mediated immunity orchestrated by T lymphocytes including gammadelta T lymphocytes. gammadelta T lymphocytes increase in natural killer and antigen-directed cytolytic response following BCG vaccination. The objective of this study was to determine morphine effects on gammadelta T lymphocytes' cytolytic activity. Pigs were chronically administered morphine and subsequently vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. By administering morphine prior to BCG vaccination, natural killer response was significantly suppressed (p=.034). Furthermore, innate cytolytic response against M. bovis-infected monocytes (p=.002) as well as antigen specific cytolytic functions (p=.04) were significantly altered due to morphine administration. It was concluded that administering morphine prior to BCG vaccination significantly altered gammadelta T lymphocyte cytolytic responses.
Leaky surface-elastic-waves on flat and highly corrugated surfaces for isotropic non-dissipative media

Abstract The dispersion relation for Rayleigh waves on a grating-surface of a semi-infinite, isotropic, nondissipative, elastic medium is solved numerically, with complex wave vector k or complex frequency, in the radiative region (above the bulk transverse sound-line) and within the first frequency-gap on the Brillouin zone boundary created by the grating periodicity. The acoustic attenuation, found from the imaginary part of k, agrees well with experiment. A dispersive branch, with corresponding complex-solutions for the flat surface, between the bulk transverse and longitudinal sound-lines, representing a new leaky mode or surface resonance, accounts for the principal peak in the attenuation.
Evaluation of travel demand measures and programs: a data envelopment analysis approach

Traffic congestion in urban as well as suburban areas has increased steadily in the United States despite substantial increases in federal, state and local spending. While no adequate responses to control the growth of congestion have been identified, travel demand management (TDM) has become a recognized policy option. Despite the recognition of TDM measures as a potential option, few methods have been suggested that can critically evaluate the improvements achieved through these measures at individual worksites or can isolate the effects of particular measures. This paper presents such a methodology and applies that methodology to 33 worksites that have TDM programs in effect.
An unequivocal determination of heroin in simulated street drugs by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry using micro-sampling techniques

Summary An unequivocal determination of heroin in simulated street samples is deseribed. Heroin is separated from the active excipients and contaminants by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. An infrared spectrum is obtained using semimicro-sampling techniques on the heroin fraction collected. The total analysis time is 50 minutes.
A Theoretical Study of CO2 Anions on Anatase (101) Surface

Binding configurations of CO2 and CO2− on perfect and oxygen-deficient anatase (101) surfaces were explored using first-principles calculations on both cluster and periodic models. The solvent effect was taken into account via the polarizable continuum model. Analysis of molecular orbitals, charge, and spin density distributions was used to help identify the radical anion CO2− adsorbed on the surface. On defect-free surfaces, it is found to bind as a bridging bidentate configuration with both oxygens coordinating to the 5-fold Ti ions. Analysis of vibrational frequencies provides a specific signature of the CO2 anion to distinguish it from other species in experiments. The reduction potential of adsorbed CO2 on a (101) surface is lower by 0.24 V than the reduction potential of a CO2 molecule, both in aqueous solution, due to the formation of hybridized orbitals, which facilitates charge transfer to CO2. The reduced (101) surface of TiO2 is much more favorable for CO2 binding with accompanying charge trans...
Direct coupling of continuous hydride generation with microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of arsenic, antimony and tin

Abstract The effect of adding hydrogen to the carrier-gas flow of a helium microwave plasma torch (MPT) discharge is evaluated in terms of plasma stability, continuum background and helium emission intensities. Also, the noise characteristics of the emission signal from the helium MPT source has been studied with special emphasis on the effect of added hydrogen. Because the MPT source can tolerate ratios of H 2 /He carrier of up to 30% hydrogen, a continuous hydride-generation apparatus was coupled directly to the He MPT. The effect of the carrier and support-gas flow rates, and microwave forward power were evaluated for the determination of arsenic. The system was applied to the determination of arsenic, antimony and tin by atomic emission spectrometry. Detection limits (3σ) of 3.2, 5.9 and 2.5 ng ml −1 were obtained for As, Sb and Sn, respectively, when a plasma power of 200 W was used. Linear dynamic ranges were over 3 orders of magnitude for the three elements. The argon MPT source accepts the introduction of hydrogen up to carrier-gas ratios of 20%, but yields a detection limit for As of only 65 ng ml −1 .
The morphology and connections of the posterior hypothalamus in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). II. Efferent connections.

The efferent connections of the posterior hypothalamus have been analyzed autoradiographically in a series of eight cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brains with injections of 3H-amino acids in different regions of the mamillary complex and the surrounding areas. The medial mamillary nucleus was found to project through the mamillothalamic tract to the ipsilateral anteroventral, anteromedial, and interanteromedial nuclei, and by way of the mamillotegmental tract principally to the deep tegmental nucleus (of Gudden). It also appears to contribute fibers to the medial forebrain bundle, some of which reach as far rostrally as the medial septal nucleus. The lateral mamillary nucleus projects through the mamillothalamic tract bilaterally upon the anterodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, and through the mamillotegmental system to the dorsal tegmental nucleus; it also appears to contribute fibers to the medial forebrain bundle. The supramamillary area has extensive ascending and descending connections that are distributed with the medial forebrain bundle to the hypothalamus and rostral midbrain; in addition, it gives rise to an unusually well-defined projection to field CA2 of the hippocampus and to a narrow zone overlying the outer part of the granule cell layer and the adjoining part of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. We have not been able to distinguish the connections of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus from those of the caudal part of the lateral hypothalamic area: they both appear to contribute substantially to the ascending components of the medial forebrain bundle, and through its descending projection to the tegmental fields of the midbrain, the nucleus centralis superior of the raphe complex, the locus coeruleus, and the central gray as far caudally as the facial nerve. Their further projections to the spinal cord were not examined. Viewed broadly, and in the light of previous work, our observations confirm, once again, the constancy of the connections of the hypothalamus in the mammalian brain, and the pivotal position that the posterior hypothalamus occupies in the elaborate system of connections that links the limbic areas of the forebrain with the complex of structures that Nauta has aptly designated the "midbrain limbic region."
High-resolution coude spectrograph for the AEOS 3.7-m telescope

We are developing a high-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph for installation at one of the coude foci of the new AEOS 3.67 meter telescope, operated by the Air Force Space Command on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii. The spectrograph will consist of two major subsystems, an optical arm for the wavelength range 0.5-1.0 microns and a SWIR arm for the range 1.0-2.5 microns. The optical arm will include a mosaic 4096 by 4096 thinned CCD array, providing coverage of the wavelength range in two settings at a resolving power of 50,000. The CCD camera will be operated in frame-transfer mode. The IR arm will consist of a compact, folded cross- dispersed cryogenic echelle spectrography. The SWIR detector will be a 2048 by 2048 HgCdTe array, based on the existing HAWAII 1024 by 1024 devices. The large-format detector will permit coverage of the entire J or H band in a single grating setting with a resolving power of 60,000, and the K band in two settings. The high resolution, coupled with careful attention to scattering and stray light in the optical system, will permit exploitation of the low sky background between the strong OH airflow lines. Adequate order separation will be maintained to permit work on moderately extended objects while still retaining sky subtraction capability. The spectrography is expected to be available for use in early 2000.
An Exploratory Study of Chinese Americans’ Debt Ownership

Research concerning the financial well-being of Chinese American households is extremely limited. This article examines factors that affect the probability that Chinese American households will hold debt. Analysis of data from a survey of Chinese Americans in five Midwestern states in the U.S. indicated that 80.5% of the sample households held some type of debt. Factors associated with the probability that a Chinese American household would be a debtor included age, presence of children under 18, health, annual income, and amount of financial and non-financial assets.
Pediatric Condyloma Acuminata

Abstract Background Condyloma acuminata are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) 6 and 11 and most commonly present in the anogenital region. Most transmission among adults is via sexual transmission, but HPV and resulting anogenital warts in pediatric populations may be a result of perinatal vertical transmission, indirect transmission through contaminated objects or surfaces, autoinoculation, or sexual transmission. Case A 9-year-old premenarchal female presented with multiple perianal warts. She had no significant medical history, and denied history of any sexual contact, including sexual abuse. The external examination revealed multiple warts in the perianal region, but no lesions, discharge, inflammation, or external signs of trauma were visible. Tests for sexually transmitted infections were all negative. The warts were diagnosed as condyloma acuminata, and were subsequently treated with trichloroacetic acid 80% (TCA) in the provider's office. TCA was applied on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart, showing marked improvement at each visit. Summary/Discussion While both sexual and nonsexual means of transmission are possible, sexual abuse must always be considered in pediatric cases. It is recommended that investigators proceed delicately, because the investigation can be psychologically damaging for patients and their families. Treatment methods are a unique consideration for pediatric patients, as most options are painful and require multiple office visits. The benefits of self-administration at home must be weighed with the likelihood of patient compliance and need for ongoing evaluation by the provider.
Retinoids and apoptosis in cancer therapy

Retinoids serve as physiologic and pharmacologic mediators of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in normal and malignant cell types. All-trans-retinoic acid (tRA), a natural metabolite of vitamin A, induces differentiation and subsequent apoptosis in several types of malignant cells with immature phenotypes. Clinically, tRA has been approved for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Several synthetic retinoids induce apoptosis without differentiation in a variety of malignant epithelial cells in vitro. The synthetic derivative, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR), shows significant promise as a chemo-preventive and therapeutic anti-cancer agent in light of its minimal toxicity and broad activity in experimental cancer models representing common human malignancies. This paper reviews the role of retinoids as mediators of differentiation and apoptosis in malignant cells, and the impact this activity could have on clinical oncology.
How a gel polymer electrolyte affects performance of lithium/sulfur batteries

Abstract Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) have been widely employed to improve the safety and cycling performance of rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries. In order to determine whether this approach is applicable to lithium/sulfur (Li/S) battery, we examine the effect of CGPE on the cycling and storage performances of Li/S cells by comparing a 50PEO-50SiO 2 (wt.%) composite coated separator (C-separator) with a pristine separator (P-separator). Results show that the composite coating significantly enhances the wettability of liquid electrolyte on the separator and that resulting CGPE can tightly glue the separator and electrode together. In comparison with the P-separator, the C-separator offers Li/S cells similar capacity retention and rate capability; however it greatly affects the specific capacity of sulfur. The analysis on the impedance spectrum of a lithium polysulfide (PS) solution reveal that the reduction of sulfur specific capacity is due to the high viscosity of the CGPE and the strong adsorption of SiO 2 filler to the PS species, which trap PS species in the separator and hence reduce the utilization of sulfur active material. Therefore, the benefits of the GPE and CGPE to the Li/S batteries can be taken only at the expense of sulfur specific capacity.
A Transcriptome-Wide Screen for mRNAs Enriched in Fetal Leydig Cells: CRHR1 Agonism Stimulates Rat and Mouse Fetal Testis Steroidogenesis

Fetal testis steroidogenesis plays an important role in the reproductive development of the male fetus. While regulators of certain aspects of steroidogenesis are known, the initial driver of steroidogenesis in the human and rodent fetal testis is unclear. Through comparative analysis of rodent fetal testis microarray datasets, 54 candidate fetal Leydig cell-specific genes were identified. Fetal mouse testis interstitial expression of a subset of these genes with unknown expression (Crhr1, Gramd1b, Itih5, Vgll3, and Vsnl1) was verified by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Among the candidate fetal Leydig cell-specific factors, three receptors (CRHR1, PRLR, and PROKR2) were tested for a steroidogenic function using ex vivo fetal testes treated with receptor agonists (CRH, PRL, and PROK2). While PRL and PROK2 had no effect, CRH, at low (approximately 1 to 10) nM concentration, increased expression of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Scarb1, and Star in GD15 mouse and GD17 rat testes, and in conjunction, testosterone production was increased. Exposure of GD15 fetal mouse testis to a specific CRHR1 antagonist blunted the CRH-induced steroidogenic gene expression and testosterone responses. Similar to ex vivo rodent fetal testes, ≥10 nM CRH exposure of MA-10 Leydig cells increased steroidogenic pathway mRNA and progesterone levels, showing CRH can enhance steroidogenesis by directly targeting Leydig cells. Crh mRNA expression was observed in rodent fetal hypothalamus, and CRH peptide was detected in rodent amniotic fluid. Together, these data provide a resource for discovering factors controlling fetal Leydig cell biology and suggest that CRHR1 activation by CRH stimulates rat and mouse fetal Leydig cell steroidogenesis in vivo.
Physics with fast molecular ions

Abstract Argonne's 5-MV Dynamitron accelerator is currently being used to study the interactions of fast (MeV) atomic and molecular ions with matter. The present emphasis of the work is upon the problem of determining the stereochemical structures of molecular-ion projectiles. The technique is based upon the ‘Coulomb explosion’ of these projectiles when they strike a thin-foil target. By making careful determinations of the momenta of all of the fragments emitted from these Coulomb explosions, one can infer the original configuration of the molecular constituents in the projectile and, in favorable cases, their vibrational motions. This technique is particularly useful for those cases where the more traditional spectroscopic approaches cannot be applied. During the past year, new ideas and developments in the Coulomb-explosion technique have come to fruition. Radically new multiparticle detectors have been developed and implemented. Extremely thin film targets have been produced which reduce the ‘blurring’ effect of multiple scattering, and a low-excitation ion source has been installed. These developments have resulted in direct measurements of the complete stereostructures of several small polyatomic molecular ions. In this paper we describe the experimental techniques, discuss some of the difficulties, and present some recent results.
Determination of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Based on Osmotic Shock Response

We investigate the buoyant mass of bacterial cells in real time with the suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) as the population recovers from an osmotic shock. The density of the culture medium is chosen such that the bacteria initially have a positive buoyant mass which becomes negative as they recover from the hyperosmotic stress. This behavior can be used to differentiate between an antibiotic-resistant and an antibiotic-susceptible strain of the pathogenic bacteria Citrobacter rodentium, and we propose a general approach for exploiting the high precision of the SMR for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance.
A study of prostaglandin F2α as the luteolysin in swine: II characterization and comparison of prostaglandin F, estrogens and progestin concentrations in utero-ovarian vein plasma of nonpregnant and pregnant gilts

Abstract Polyvinyl catheters were inserted into the right and left utero-ovarian veins (UOV) and saphenous vein (SV) and artery (SA)_of six nonpregnant (O) and five pregnant (P) gilts on day 11 after onset of estrus. Beginning on day 12, UOV blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals from 0800 to 1100 hr and 2000 to 2300 hr, and single samples were taken at 1200 and 2400 hrs. Peripheral blood (SA or SV) was sampled at 0800, 1200, 2000 and 2400 hr until gilts returned to estrus ( X = 20.6 days ) or day 24 or pregnancy. UOV plasma PGF concentrations (ng/ml; n = 1929) were measured by RIA. Status (P vs O) by day interactions were detected (P .01)) in 0 than P gilts; and mean peak levels ( X ± SE ) were 5.0 ± .27 and 3.84 ± .13 ng/ml, respectively. Progesterone concentrations were maintaiend in pregnant pigs and were indicative of luteal maintenance. Systematic differences in day trends of utero-ovarian venous plasma estradiol were detected between O and P pigs. These differences may be of paramount physiological importance and are discussed.
Tri-axial accelerometer analysis techniques for evaluating functional use of the extremities

Abstract Activity monitors provide an objective mechanism for evaluating patient function. It is unclear what similarities or unique information may be yielded using different analyses. Fifteen patients scheduled to undergo shoulder arthroplasty and fifteen matched control subjects wore tri-axial accelerometer activity monitors bilaterally at the lower (wrist) and upper (biceps) arm for 3days. Measures of central tendency, variance, sample entropy, and asymmetry were calculated. A novel technique to evaluate time distribution of activity intensity was also performed. Within both groups there was a difference in central tendency and variance when comparing dominant and non-dominant limbs for both the lower (Controls: Mean Activity, P P P =0.044; Max Activity, P =0.009) and upper (Controls: Mean Activity, P P =0.046; Patients: Mean Activity, P =0.002; Max Activity, P =0.049) arm. Within group differences were also present for lower arm entropy in both groups (Controls, P P =0.041), and at the upper arm for patients ( P =0.003). There were differences between groups for the asymmetry index for both the lower ( P =0.033) and upper arm ( P =0.005), and maximum activity level of the lower arm ( P =0.05). Between group differences were present for time distribution of activity intensity, as the involved upper arm of patients was inactive for a greater time than controls ( P =0.013). These results highlight unique information provided by multiple analysis methods, and include a novel approach of evaluating the distribution of time spent across variable intensity activities.
Integrated pion-nucleus cross sections☆

Abstract We propose an improved analysis for transmission experiments which determines uniquely, up to statistical error, the imaginary part of the forward nuclear amplitude. The analysis we propose takes the Coulomb interaction into account and is especially useful when the Coulomb-nuclear interference effects are large. In some cases the real part of the forward nuclear amplitude may also be extracted.
Proton polarizability in the MIT bag model

Abstract The polarizability of the proton is calculated in a simplified MIT bag model and compared with an analysis of Compton scattering. Qualitative agreement is obtained for the sum of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities, which is found to be within 30% of the experiment.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the effects of deoxyribose substitutions on the stability of the UUCG tetraloop.

Abstract Experimental and theoretical thermodynamic studies of the consequences of 2′-hydroxyl substitution in the RNA UUCG tetraloop show distinct position dependence consistent with the diverse structural contexts of the four-loop ribose hydroxyls in this motif. The results suggest that even for simple substitutions, such as the replacement of the ribose hydroxyl (2′-OH) with hydrogen (2′-H), the free energy change reflects a complex interplay of hydrogen bonding and solvation effects and is influenced by the intrinsic pucker preferences of the nucleotides. Furthermore, theoretical studies suggest that the effect of these mutations in the single-strand state is sequence dependent, in contrast to what is commonly assumed. Free energy perturbation simulations of ribose-deoxyribose mutations in a single-strand dodecamer and in trinucleotide models suggest that in the denatured state, the magnitude of the free energy change for deoxyribose substitutions is determined to a larger extent by the identity of the nucleotide (A, C, G or U) rather than its structural context. Single-strand mutational effects must be considered when interpreting mutational studies in molecular terms.
Ion and macromolecular transport in the alveolar macrophage

Abstract 1. 1. Some aspects of Na+, K+, Cl− and macromolecular transport have been studied in isolated rabbit alveolar macrophages. Steady-state intracellular concentrations in Ringer's solution (pH 7.4) were as follows: Na+, 83 ± 7.1 (S.E.); K+, 75 ± 13.2 ; Cl, 59 ± 4.1 mequiv/kg cell water. Cl− is rapidly and completely lost from the cell in Cl−-free media suggesting rapid thermodynamic equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular phases. 2. 2. Na+ efflux has two rate constants (rapid phase 636 ± 302 (S.D.); slow phase 329 ± 125 mequiv/kg cell water per h). It appears that this cell has high permeability for Na+ and the high leak down the electrochemical gradient requires a high rate of active transport. Thermodynamic considerations suggest that the major energy source for active Na+ transport is derived from oxidative phosphorylation. 3. 3. Classical relatively high molecular weight extracellular markers are excluded from cell water. However, ferritin (mol. wt. 465000) influx is rapid with intracellular/extracellular concentrations greater than 1.0 within 3 min. Ferritin efflux is exceedingly slow so that there is essentially unidirectional transport. Simultaneous exposure of cells to both ferritin and dextran leads to no measurable increase in cellular dextran uptake suggesting high specificity for ferritin uptake.
Computerized neurocognitive testing in the management of sport-related concussion: An update

Since the late nineties, computerized neurocognitive testing has become a central component of sport-related concussion (SRC) management at all levels of sport. In 2005, a review of the available evidence on the psychometric properties of four computerized neuropsychological test batteries concluded that the tests did not possess the necessary criteria to warrant clinical application. Since the publication of that review, several more computerized neurocognitive tests have entered the market place. The purpose of this review is to summarize the body of published studies on psychometric properties and clinical utility of computerized neurocognitive tests available for use in the assessment of SRC. A review of the literature from 2005 to 2013 was conducted to gather evidence of test-retest reliability and clinical validity of these instruments. Reviewed articles included both prospective and retrospective studies of primarily sport-based adult and pediatric samples. Summaries are provided regarding the available evidence of reliability and validity for the most commonly used computerized neurocognitive tests in sports settings.
Type IPDP Magnetospheric Plasma Wave Events

It is stated that recently there has been an interest in a type of micropulsation event referred to as IPDP (intervals of pulsations diminishing in period). This interest arises partly owing to the possibility that IPDP characteristics might be used to determine the values of certain magnetospheric parameters, assuming that the waves are produced through electronmagnetic proton cyclotron instability. The interest also arises owing to the occurrence of IPDP events on the afternoon-evening side during the expansive phase of substorms, which is thought to be related to the westward drift of protons injected near midnight. Investigation of this question must include observations of IPDP activity at stations well separated in longitude, and some observations are presented from a pair of sites separated by 3 hours in longitude. Based on these observations some revision to the westward drift mechanism for IPDP production are suggested. Some of the observations also appear to imply that westward drift is not the only mechanism involved in the production of IPDP-like events. (UK)
The role of the otu Gene in Drosophila oogenesis

The ovarian tumor (otu) gene behaves as if it encodes a product (OGP) which is required during several early steps in the transformation of oogonia into functional oocytes. The ovarian phenotypes produced by various EMS-induced mutations can be explained as graded responses by individual mutant germ cells to the different levels of functionally active OGP they themselves synthesize. In addition, genetic evidence suggests that otu also encodes a second product that is utilized late in oogenesis. Molecular studies of the otugene demonstrate that it does transcribe at least two ovaryspecific RNAs. The possible function of the otu product in the cellular divisions that give rise to the oocyte and its sister nurse cells is discussed.
A Delay-Line Based Motion Detection Chip

Inspired by a visual motion detection model for the rabbit retina and by a computational architecture used for early audition in the barn owl, we have designed a chip that employs a correlation model to report the one-dimensional field motion of a scene in real time. Using subthreshold analog VLSI techniques, we have fabricated and successfully tested a 8000 transistor chip using a standard MOSIS process.
Teaching typically developing children to promote social play with their siblings with autism

Abstract Siblings are important “peers” for children. Unfortunately, children with autism often do not play or interact often with their typically developing siblings. The purpose of this study was to teach three typically developing children (ages 4–6) skills that were likely to increase the amount and quality of social play interactions with their brothers who have autism. A teacher used the teaching interaction procedure to teach typically developing children to provide clear instructions and prompt and reinforce appropriate play behavior such as joining into a play activity, sharing toys, and engaging in appropriate toy play. All three typically developing children learned the targeted skills during role-plays with a teacher and, to a large part, generalized the skills when they played with their brothers with autism. In addition, some children who learned these skills increased their positive interactions and decreased negative interactions during a free-play period with their sibling with autism.
Iron-Dependent Regulation of Ferritin and Transferrin Receptor Expression by the Iron-Responsive Element Binding Protein

INTRODUCTION 345 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FERRITIN AND TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR 348 THE IRON-RESPONSE ELEMENT ........ ..... . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . 349 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE IRON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEINS (IRE-BPs) 35 1 Conservation of IRE-BPs.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . 35 1 Purification, Cloning, and Characterization of IRE-BPs .. ..... ........ ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 IRON-DEPENDENT POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY IRE-BPs . . ..... , 353 Translational Regulation by IRE-BPs . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 353 Stabilization of TjR mRNA by IRE-BPs.... .. .... . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . .. 357 A Model for the Coordinate Regulation of Ferritin and TjR by IRE-BPs .. 358 MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION OF IRE-BPs BY IRON 360 RELATED FAMILIES OF IRE-BPs 363 CONCLUDING REMARKS 363
Optimization of the Hybrid Energy Harvest Systems Sizing for Net-Zero Site-Energy Houses

AbstractEnergy-efficient and net-zero-energy buildings are quickly gaining importance and popularity among contemporary building practices. Typically, several renewable energy–harvesting systems are combined to reach the objective of net-zero energy consumption, posing the unique challenge of properly sizing each energy system. Because no standard design procedure exists, installed energy systems often are inappropriately sized. In this paper, we propose a holistic design procedure to determine and optimize the corresponding size of renewable energy systems in a typical residential house to meet the total energy demand. To evaluate this procedure, a case study was implemented for the zero net energy test house at the University of Nebraska that uses three energy-source systems: geothermal, photovoltaic panel, and wind turbine. Although the results of the case study indicate that, based on present costs of renewable-energy sources, energy systems are more expensive to operate in a zero-energy house than in...
Nucleotide Variation, Linkage Disequilibrium and Founder-Facilitated Speciation in Wild Populations of the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

The zebra finch has long been an important model system for the study of vocal learning, vocal production, and behavior. With the imminent sequencing of its genome, the zebra finch is now poised to become a model system for population genetics. Using a panel of 30 noncoding loci, we characterized patterns of polymorphism and divergence among wild zebra finch populations. Continental Australian populations displayed little population structure, exceptionally high levels of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.010), a rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD), and a high population recombination rate (ρ ≈ 0.05), all of which suggest an open and fluid genomic background that could facilitate adaptive variation. By contrast, substantial divergence between the Australian and Lesser Sunda Island populations (KST = 0.193), reduced genetic diversity (π = 0.002), and higher levels of LD in the island population suggest a strong but relatively recent founder event, which may have contributed to speciation between these populations as envisioned under founder-effect speciation models. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that under a simple quantitative genetic model both drift and selection could have contributed to the observed divergence in six quantitative traits. In both Australian and Lesser Sundas populations, diversity in Z-linked loci was significantly lower than in autosomal loci. Our analysis provides a quantitative framework for studying the role of selection and drift in shaping patterns of molecular evolution in the zebra finch genome.
Using interface cues in online health community boards to change impressions and encourage user contribution

Online health message boards have become popular, as users not only gain information from other users but also share their own experiences. However, as with most venues of user-generated content, there is need to constantly make quality evaluations as one sifts through enormous amounts of content. Can interface cues, conveying (1) pedigree of users posting content and (2) popularity of the posted content, help new users efficiently make credibility assessments? Furthermore, can the assignment of these same cues to their own posts serve to motivate content generation on their part? These questions were investigated in a 2-session between-subjects experiment (N = 99) with a prototype of a message-board that experimentally varied interface cues, and found that popularity indicators are more influential than pedigree indicators for both evaluation of existing content and contribution of new content. Findings also suggest theoretical mechanisms - involving such concepts as perceived authority, bandwagon effects, sense of agency and sense of community - by which cues affect user experience, providing rich implications for designing and deploying interface cues.
Fine structure of Sarcocystis cruzi Schizonts.

SYNOPSIS Schizogony of Sarcocystis cruzi Hasselmann (syn. S. fusiformis Railliet) takes place in vascular endothelial cells 26 to 33 days after cattle ingest sporocysts from dogs. Kidney cortex from a heavily infected, dexamethasone-treated bovine was fixed for electron microscopy to determine the method of schizogonie development. Schizogony takes place by endopolygeny characterized by marked enlargement of the parasite nucleus, formation of nuclear lobes, presence of numerous spindles with adjacent pairs of centrioles along the nucleus, and simultaneous formation of daughter merozoites in the cytoplasm adjacent to the spindle poles. Endopolygeny in S. cruzi differs from that in other Sporozoa in that merozoite anlagen are seen in the cytoplasm before any nuclei divide. The resultant merozoites continue development and, when mature, resemble other sporozoan zoites. Upon release from the host cell into capillaries, they travel to muscle tissue to continue the life cycle by forming sarcocysts.
Global and local structural similarity in protein–protein complexes: Implications for template-based docking

The increasing amount of structural information on protein–protein interactions makes it possible to predict the structure of protein–protein complexes by comparison/alignment of the interacting proteins to the ones in cocrystallized complexes. In the predictions based on structure similarity, the template search is performed by structural alignment of the target interactors with the entire structures or with the interface only of the subunits in cocrystallized complexes. This study investigates the scope of the structural similarity that facilitates the detection of a broad range of templates significantly divergent from the targets. The analysis of the target-template similarity is based on models of protein–protein complexes in a large representative set of heterodimers. The similarity of the biological and crystal packing interfaces, dissimilar interface structural motifs in overall similar structures, interface similarity to the full structure, and local similarity away from the interface were analyzed. The structural similarity at the protein–protein interfaces only was observed in ∼25% of target-template pairs with sequence identity <20% and primarily homodimeric templates. For ∼50% of the target-template pairs, the similarity at the interface was accompanied by the similarity of the whole structure. However, the structural similarity at the interfaces was still stronger than that of the noninterface parts. The study provides insights into structural and functional diversity of protein–protein complexes, and relative performance of the interface and full structure alignment in docking. Proteins 2013; 81:2137–2142. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive duty cycling for energy harvesting systems

Harvesting energy from the environment is feasible in many applications to ameliorate the energy limitations in sensor networks. In this paper, we present an adaptive duty cycling algorithm that allows energy harvesting sensor nodes to autonomously adjust their duty cycle according to the energy availability in the environment. The algorithm has three objectives, namely (a) achieving energy neutral operation, i.e., energy consumption should not be more than the energy provided by the environment, (b) maximizing the system performance based on an application utility model subject to the above energy-neutrality constraint, and (c) adapting to the dynamics of the energy source at run-time. We present a model that enables harvesting sensor nodes to predict future energy opportunities based on historical data. We also derive an upper bound on the maximum achievable performance assuming perfect knowledge about the future behavior of the energy source. Our methods are evaluated using data gathered from a prototype solar energy harvesting platform and we show that our algorithm can utilize up to 58% more environmental energy compared to the case when harvesting-aware power management is not used.
Toy projects considered harmful

It is valuable to improve upon the sample code we provide to students. But the deeper challenge is to create a context in which student programming matters.
Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of glucokinase in the gonadotropes and thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary gland of rat and monkey.

A recent report provides new evidence for the presence of glucokinase (GK) in the anterior pituitary. In the present study, immunohistochemistry was used to identify the cells containing GK in the pituitary of rats and monkeys. In rats, GK was detected as a generalized cytoplasmic staining in a discrete population of cells in the anterior pituitary. In colocalization experiments, the majority of cells expressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH) also contained GK. In addition to the gonadotropes, GK was observed in a subpopulation of corticotropes and thyrotropes. GK was not detected in cells expressing growth hormone or prolactin. In monkeys, GK was also observed in a discrete population of cells. Intracellular distribution differed from the rat in that GK in most cells was concentrated in a perinuclear location that appeared to be associated with the Golgi apparatus. However, similar to rats, colocalization experiments showed that the majority of cells expressing FSH or LH a...
Ischemic heart disease mortality and PM(3.5) in a cohort of autoworkers.

Background Increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been associated with particulate matter (PM) from air pollution. Yet evidence of increased risk associated with higher workplace exposures is scant. Methods We examined the exposure–response relationship between IHD mortality and PM3.5 (<3.5 µm diameter) from current and cumulative exposure to straight metalworking fluid in a cohort of 39,412 autoworkers followed from 1941 to 1995. Age, calendar year of follow up, sex, race, and plant were included in each model. Results To address the decrease in polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in the straight metalworking fluid over time, analyses were stratified by calendar time. Increased risk of IHD mortality was associated with current exposure to PM3.5 before 1971 and with cumulative exposure to PM3.5 after 1971. Conclusions Results provide modest evidence that occupational exposure to fine PM from straight fluids, especially fluid with higher PAH, may increase the risk of IHD mortality. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:317–325, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual vs. compact: a comparison of privacy policy interfaces

In this paper, we compare the impact of two different privacy policy representations -- AudienceView and Expandable Grids -- on users modifying privacy policies for a social network site. Despite the very different interfaces, there were very few differences in user performance. However, users had clear, and different, preferences and acknowledged the tradeoffs between the two representations. Our results imply that while either interface would be a usable option for policy settings, a combination may appeal to a wider audience and offer the best of both worlds.
Certain approaches to the analysis of single-sided linear induction motors

The performance characteristics of single-sided linear induction motors (s.l.i.m.s) are obtained from quasirealistic and realistic models using Fourier transforms and numerical methods, respectively. The results thus obtained are compared with those given by analytical solutions for idealised models. The discrepancy in results is pointed out and a justification of the models presented in the paper is thus made. The problems related to computational aspects for the numerical solutions are discussed, and it is shown how to combine the Fourier-transform method with some numerical technique to yield the desired results. Interesting characteristics of s.l.i.m. emerging from the two approaches are mentioned.
Relational Self-verification through Self-presentation: Implications for Perceptions of One’s Honesty and Authenticity

When a significant-other representation is activated, the goal to be known and understood by others—that is, self-verified—is automatically elicited, leading people to desire appraisals from others that verify their pre-existing relational self-conceptions (Kraus & Chen, 2009). The present study tested whether activating a significant-other representation would lead people to engage in behaviors designed to obtain self-verification—namely, presenting themselves in a self-verifying manner to others. Relative to their self-descriptions for a control website, when presenting themselves on a website focused on significant-other relationships participants were more likely to describe themselves in a manner consistent with how they had previously described their relational self. Moreover, participants’ self-descriptions for the significant-other website, relative to the control website, were rated higher in honesty and authenticity by independent judges. Long-term consequences of pursuing self-verification goal...
Analytical stability conditions for elastic composite materials with a non-positive-definite phase

Elastic multi-phase materials with a phase having appropriately tuned non-positive-definite elastic moduli have been shown theoretically to permit extreme increases in multiple desirable material properties. Stability analyses of such composites were only recently initiated. Here, we provide a thorough stability analysis for general composites when one phase violates positive-definiteness. We first investigate the dynamic deformation modes leading to instability in the fundamental two-phase solids of a coated cylinder (two dimensions) and a coated sphere (three dimensions), from which we derive closed-form analytical sufficient stability conditions for the full range of coating thicknesses. Next, we apply the energy method to derive a general correlation between composite stability limit and composite bulk modulus that enables determination of closed-form analytical sufficient stability conditions for arbitrary multi-phase materials by employing effective modulus formulas coupled with a numerical finite-element stability analysis. We demonstrate and confirm this new approach by applying it to (i) the two basic two-phase solids already analysed dynamically; and (ii) a more geometrically complex matrix/distributed-inclusions composite. The specific new analytical stability results, and new methods presented, provide a basis for creation of novel, stable composite materials.
Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms

Background: There is increasing evidence that bacterial biofilms are present within the sinonasal mucosa of patients with medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. The antibiotic concentrations needed to eradicate biofilms are much higher than those commonly used and pose an increased risk for systemic side effects. Topical medications are an alternative approach to deliver high concentrations to the mucosa while limiting systemic side effects. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of a topical antibiotic on Pseudomonas biofilms in an animal model of sinusitis. Methods: Pseudomonas sinusitis was established in nine rabbits. An irrigation catheter was placed within the lumen of the maxillary sinus, and the rabbits were irrigated with 7 days of normal saline or varying concentrations of tobramycin diluted in normal saline. Bacterial cfu were determined for nasal lavage fluid as well as physically disrupted mucosa, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the mucosal surface was performed at the end of the study. Results: Increasing concentrations of topical tobramycin resulted in the eradication of viable bacteria within the lumen of the sinus but did not eradicate Pseudomonas attached to the mucosa. SEM detected biofilms within the mucosa even in those rabbits treated with high concentrations of topical tobramycin. Conclusions: Bacterial biofilms attached to the sinonasal mucosa are resistant to topical saline and tobramycin irrigation. SEM was useful in the identification of biofilms, but did not provide a quantitative evaluation for efficacy of treatment.
Memories of and reflections on play

I lived as much of my childhood as possible outside of the here-and-now, in a time and place I can only describe as Elsewhere. It was a place that was simultaneously separate from and yet part of t...
Can Nitrite AMPk Up Sirt-ainty to Treat Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction?

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a common yet vexing clinical syndrome, with no approved therapies despite prevalence, morbidity, and mortality on par with those of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).1 Therapies and devices proven effective in HFrEF have repeatedly fallen short in their application to HFpEF.1 This is no longer surprising, as we increasingly recognize HFpEF as a syndrome characterized by multiple mechanisms and multi-organ engagement. Involved are not just the myocardium, but also the systemic and pulmonary vasculature, kidneys, skeletal muscle, and metabolic state.2 Multiple co-morbidities, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, conspire to increase fluid retention and left ventricular (LV) filling pressures, often with ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. In the pulmonary vasculature, elevated LV filling pressure augments pulsatile loading on the right ventricle (RV)3; this, combined with passive elevations in pressure and pulmonary vasculature remodeling, can lead to pulmonary hypertension in about half the patients.1 Meanwhile, microvascular and metabolic dysfunction in the peripheral skeletal muscle contribute to sarcopenia and exercise intolerance.1 These deficiencies collectively lead to the breathlessness, marked exertional intolerance, and fluid retention that characterize HFpEF.