cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract # 1829 Early life adversity associated with enhanced capsaicin-induced spontaneous pain

Human trauma has been associated with an increased risk for chronic pain. Animal research indicates that early life stress induces a persistent pain sensitization that is unmasked by stress during adulthood. These studies suggest adversity enhances pain sensitivity. However, how stressors during childhood alter pain in humans remains understudied. Previous studies from our laboratory showed associations between adversity and central sensitization. The present study examined whether young adults reporting childhood adversity would show enhanced central (secondary hyperalgesia) and peripheral sensitization (spontaneous pain) following stress, a single session of written emotional disclosure (WED) of trauma. We used a 2 (low adversity [M = 1.2, SEM = 0.78], high adversity [M = 12.64, SEM = 0.81]) X 3 (neutral or trauma topics in a safe environment or trauma topic in a neutral environment) factorial design where participants in the top and bottom tertiles of the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire comprised the high and low adversity groups. Two-way ANCOVAs controlling for experimenter revealed main effects of adversity on capsaicin-induced area of secondary hyperalgesia, F(1,32) = 6.299, p = .017, and spontaneous pain intensity, F(1,32) = 5.332, p = .028, and unpleasantness, F(1,32) = 4.906, p = .034, with the high adversity group reporting greater spontaneous pain during WED. These findings suggest that early life adversity is linked to enhanced central and peripheral sensitization in young adults.
Successful Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia with Rituximab

We report the first case of refractory idiopathic aplastic anemia who responded to Rituximab (anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody). The patient is a 22 year old Hispanic male construction worker who presented with a two week history of weakness, dyspnea on exertion and gum bleeding was found to have a platelet count of 11 × 109/L, hemoglobin of 7.4 g/dL, and white blood cell count of 1.6 × 109/L with 30% neutrophils. A bone marrow biopsy showed hypocellular marrow with relative lymphocytosis of mixed B and T cells and a normal chromosome analysis. A paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) panel was negative. Serological studies did not show any evidence of HBV, HCV, CMV or EBV infection, but did show previous infection with parvo B19. He was initially treated with horse antithymocyte globulin (ATG) at a dose of 40 mg/kg for four days and cyclosporine. After ten weeks of treatment he was still requiring weekly packed red blood cell and platelet transfusions and G-CSF support. At that time he was treated with rabbit antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine was continued. He had a partial recovery with absolute neutrophil count remaining mostly above 1 × 109/L, but he was still requiring red blood cell and platelet transfusions with baseline hemoglobin of 6 gm/dL and platelet count of less than 20 × 109/L. A bone marrow biopsy done ten weeks after the rabbit ATG treatment showed hypocellular marrow (20% cellularity) with trilineage hematopoiesis, with no evidence of dysplasia. Due to his transfusion dependence after eight months from his rabbit ATG treatment, he received Rituximab at a dose of 375 mg/m2 weekly for four weeks. He had a dramatic improvement of hemoglobin to 11.5 gm/dL and white blood cell count to 3.5 × 109/L, with an absolute neutrophil count of 2 × 109/L, although his platelet count remained at 20 × 109/L. He remains transfusion independent for a follow-up period of 8 months after the Rituximab treatment. Review of literature showed partial to good responses with Rituximab in aplastic anemia patient who refused treatment with ATG and cyclosporine (Hansen PB et al), aplastic anemia associated with CLL (Bharwani L et al), severe aplastic anemia induced by fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in a patient with B-CLL (Castiglioni MG et al) and, refractory Diamond-Blackfan anemia (Morimoto A et al).
Spatial differences in patterns of modification: selection on hairy in Drosophila melanogaster wings

Artificial selection was carried out for over 45 generations to enhance and suppress expression of the mutation hairy on the Drosophila melanogaster wing. Whole chromosome mapping of X-linked and autosomal modifiers of sense organ number displayed regional differences in magnitude and direction of their effects. Regional specificity of modifier effects was also seen in some interchromosomal interactions. Scanning electron microscopy allowed precise measurement of sense organ size and position along the L3 longitudinal wing vein. Sense organ size varied in a predictable fashion along the proximal-distal axis, and the dorsal pattern differed from the ventral pattern. The high and low selection lines differed most in the proximal portion of the L3 vein. Extra sense organs in the High line were often associated with vein fragments at locations predicted from ancestral vein patterns. Thus, regional specificity of polygenic or quantitative trait locus modifier effects was identified in several different parts of the wing.
In the footsteps of Counter Cultures: a study in productive interaction

This is a review of the literature that covers both American retail and American labor history, particularly focusing on the work of authors Susan Porter Benson, Nelson Lichtenstein, Peter Ikeler, ...
The Psychology of Faith and the Meaning of Transcendence in the Philosophy of Kierkegaard

The objective of the article is to examine the phenomenological meaning of the concept of faith in the philosophy of Kierkegaard and consider its psychbological implications. The article begins with a discussion of the aesthetic and ethical modes of existence showing how these are components of religious consciousness. A dialectical resolution of the conflict between aesthetic and moral impulses places the religious consciousness before a possibility which Kierkegaard calls the theological self that is wholly unlike what is known. It is in the context of the discussion of the possibility of this extraordinary self-identity that the attitude of faith and sin are analyzed. The movement toward the possibility which transcends the known is a death and rebirth process which, according to Kierkegaard, man is unable to choose on his own. Here the meaning of Christ is discussed as the bridge between the finite and infinite which replaces the necessity of choice with an acceptance of this extraordinary possibility...
Substance use and suicidal ideation among child welfare involved adolescents: A longitudinal examination.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal predictors of alcohol use, marijuana use, and suicidal ideation among maltreated adolescents. Methods Longitudinal data from this study come from three waves of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Wellbeing II (NSCAW II). Participants included 1050 adolescents (Mage = 14.13) who were subjects of child abuse or neglect investigations. Items from the Health Risk Behavior Questionnaire were used to measure alcohol and marijuana use. Suicidal ideation was measured using an item from the Childhood Depression Inventory. Data on deviant peer affiliation, caregiver health, maltreatment type, age, race, and gender were also collected. Results Marijuana use, suicidal ideation, caregiver drug abuse, deviant peer affiliation, age, and race were predictive of alcohol use. Alcohol use, deviant peer affiliation, age, and time were predictive of marijuana use. Alcohol use, deviant peer affiliation, age, and gender predicted suicidal ideation. Conclusions Longitudinal evidence indicated that individual, family, and peer factors played an important role in predicting alcohol use, marijuana use, and suicidal ideation among child welfare involved adolescents. In addition, this study provides evidence of a potentially reciprocal relationship between alcohol use and suicidal ideation among this population. Intervention efforts for reducing the public health problems of substance use and suicide among child welfare involved adolescents should focus on the importance of peers in influencing thoughts and behaviors, as well as the functional relationship between alcohol use and suicidal ideation.
Gender dependent contribution of muscarinic receptors in memory retrieval under sub-chronic stress

Abstract Stress induces retrograde amnesia in humans and rodents. Muscarinic antagonism under normal physiological conditions causes gender dependent impairment in episodic memory retrieval. We aimed to explore the gender dependent role of muscarinic receptors in memory retrieval under sub-chronic stress condition. Male and female mice were trained for Morris water maze test and contextual fear conditioning, followed by 3 h restraint stress per day for five days. Stress was either given alone or in combination with a daily subcutaneous injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg). Control mice were given saline without any stress. Sub-chronic stress (induced for five days) impaired spatial memory retrieval in males (P 0.05). Stress induced spatial memory recall deficit in male mice was independent of muscarinic receptor activity (P > 0.05). However, stress induced contextual fear memory recall impairment was reversed by donepezil treatment in male (P
Regional Multiseverity Casualty Estimation Due to Building Damage Following a Mw 8.8 Earthquake Scenario in Lima, Peru

This paper presents the application of a rigorous probabilistic framework that estimates the number, severity, and distribution of casualties over a region. A brief summary of the model is included...
On the Geometry of Super Riemann Surfaces

Super Riemann surfaces-1|1 complex supermanifolds with a SUSY-1 structure- 4 furnish a rich field of study in algebraic supergeometry.
Parkinsonism and neurogenic bladder. Experimental and clinical observations.

In a group of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, beside neurogenic bladder dysfunction, we have also found dysfunction affecting the external sphincter musculature. Treatment with L-Dopa probably improves the urethral symptoms by providing a relaxing effect on the urethral closure pressure together with better coordination of the pelvic floor and external sphincter Mechanism during micturition. The effect was parallel to the improvement in Parkinsonion symptoms. Experimental studies demonstrate the ability of L-Dopa to reduce urethral closure pressure and this effect was related to a central effect on the skeletal musculature.
WASH and Nutrition Synergies : The Case of Tunisia

AbstractThis paper develops a simple econometric strategy to operationalise the United Nations Children’s Fund’s (UNICEF’s) conceptual framework for nutrition. It estimates the extent to which chil...
Brain–Computer Interface in Europe: the thirtieth anniversary

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the development of Brain–Computer Interface research, covering period from 1973 when the term Brain–Computer Interface was introduced, till the last year of the twentieth...
Exclusion, violence, and optimism: Ethnic divides in Kyrgyzstan:

The nation-building projects in much of post-socialist Eurasia have been characterized by the promotion of ethnic majorities and marginalization of minority groups. In dialogue with the scholarship...
Moderate Correlation between Central Aortic Pressure and Non-Invasive BP Monitoring in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy

Background The present gold standard for non-invasive measurement of blood pressure in patients supported on continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) therapy is Doppler sphygmomanometry. However, the relationship with central aortic pressures is unknown. Hypothesis Non-invasive blood pressure measurements will systematically underestimate central aortic pressures. Methods We evaluated patients on CF-LVAD therapy undergoing left heart catheterization at our institution between 2015 and 2018 for any indication. We correlated non-invasive mean blood pressure measurements (NIBP-MAP) with catheter-derived mean central aortic pressures (Ao-MAP), and attempted to stratify by putative variables. Results In a cohort of 55 patients with available NIBP data, we found a NIBP-MAP of 81.1 ± 12.5 mmHg and an Ao-MAP of 81.3 ± 10.8 mmHg. There was a significant albeit moderate correlation between NIBP and AoP (R2 = 0.52, p Conclusions Correlations between NIBP measurements and AoP pressures are moderate but NIBP does not systematically over- or underestimate central pressures. Further work should seek to improve on current methods of measuring blood pressure and determine the role of invasive monitoring for longitudinal management.
From Widgets to Digits: Re-Imagining Protective Workplace Policy: A Review of Katherine Stone’s 'From Widgets to Digits: Employment Regulation for the Changing Workplace'

Katherine Stone’s book, 'From Widgets to Digits: Employment Regulation for the Changing Workplace', provides an analysis of problems the 'employment relations' field has experienced with the arrival of the digital age. Unions are challenged, both internally and externally, with advocating for fairness in a changing work environment. This article reviews Stone’s discussion of the events that led up to the current state of employment relations, how the way employees view long-term employment has changed, and how law based on old workplace models is ill-equipped to handle the issues associated with the new employment relationships. Additionally, this article reviews how Stone’s own goals are similar to those of the Change to Win Coalition, though they differ slightly on solutions. While both recognize the 'rules no longer work', the Change to Win Coalition prefers an industry based approach in contrast to Stone’s broad based model. Stone’s book is a welcome contribution to those searching for new approaches and solutions to the problem of ensuring fair employee-employer relations in the digital age.
Eye Movements in Demyelinating, Autoimmune and Metabolic Disorders

Purpose of review In the last three decades, the use of eye movements and vestibular testing in many neurological disorders has accelerated, primarily because of practical technologic developments. Although the acute vestibular syndrome is a prime example of this progress, more chronic neurologic and systemic disorders have received less attention. We focus here on recent contributions relating vestibular and ocular motor abnormalities in inflammatory, demyelinating, metabolic, and peripheral nervous system disorders RECENT FINDINGS: Vestibular abnormalities have been identified in acute demyelinating neuropathies (AIDP), in novel genetic mutations responsible for CANVAS (cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy vestibular areflexia syndrome), and in other inherited neuropathies (variants of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). In addition, there are differentiating characteristics between the most common CNS demyelinating disorders: multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). We summarize new information on Vitamin D metabolism in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), followed by a brief review of the vestibular and ocular motor findings in Wernicke's encephalopathy. We conclude with findings in several paraneoplastic/autoimmune disorders. Summary This literature review highlights the impact of a careful vestibular and ocular motor evaluation in common neurologic disorder, not only for the initial diagnosis but also for monitoring disease and rehabilitation. A careful examination of eye movements and vestibular function, supplemented with new video techniques to quantify the findings, should be part of the standard neurologic examination.
Repair of symptomatic rotator cuff tears after failed nonoperative treatment is cost-effective: commentary on an article by Richard C. Mather III, MD, et al.: "The societal and economic value of rotator cuff repair".

Analysis of the value that we provide to our patients and society through surgical procedures is becoming increasingly important as health-care costs rise and our population ages. Current rates of utilization of costly surgical procedures may not be sustainable in the face of limited financial resources, so it is imperative that we conduct high-quality studies to determine which interventions are cost-effective. Rotator cuff tears are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, affecting both young adults and elderly patients, making rotator cuff repair an excellent subject for a cost-effectiveness analysis. In this edition of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Mather et al. calculated the value to society of operative treatment of rotator cuff tears compared with nonoperative treatment. Their base case was a symptomatic tear that was unresponsive to six weeks of nonoperative treatment. A Markov decision model was constructed, which is a well-established methodology in cost-effectiveness research that allows hypothetical patients to cycle between health states, in this case on the basis of probabilities derived from the literature and from expert opinion. The authors found that rotator cuff repair is a cost-effective intervention for all patients in all age ranges. In fact, when indirect costs, such as probability of employment, household income, missed work days, and disability payments, are included in the calculation, there is a net savings to society as a result of rotator cuff repair in patients under …
Editorial Commentary: Treatment of Panlabral Shoulder Lesions: The Circle Concept Revisited.

Abstract Shoulder instability is common in athletes. Combined labral injuries are also common and appear more frequently in chronic cases, suggesting propagation of smaller tears with each event. Panlabral tears, or 270 tears, represent an extreme form of this phenomenon. Arthroscopy has allowed for improved appreciation of these combined patterns. Although it is essential to fix all labral lesions identified during arthroscopy, it is also crucial to enter surgical cases with a clear diagnosis (i.e., anterior, posterior, or combined instability) to adequately address symptoms.
David Oliver: Let's not forget care homes when covid-19 is over.

Care homes have been very badly hit by the covid-19 pandemic. This has highlighted their historical neglect and marginalisation and has belatedly brought them into the spotlight. We should not forget the lessons. By mid-April, the government was being criticised for reporting only in-hospital deaths from covid-19 and not those from the wider community.1 By 22 April, the Office for National Statistics reported 1000 care home deaths from coronavirus in the previous five days.2 Media stories of unprotected and overwhelmed care home staff have mounted, as have the numbers of untested residents dying. Distraught relatives of residents have described their upset at being unable to visit loved ones. Bosses of large care home provider chains have described coronavirus outbreaks in a third or more of their homes.34 The healthcare …
Study on the drug resistance and HIV subtypes among HIV/AIDS patients with antiviral therapy in Ningxia

Objective To investigate HIV virus subtypes and drug resistance mutations in AIDS patients in order to guide the choice of antiviral drugs.Methods Collection plasma from the AIDS patients in Ningxia who received antiretroviral treatment.The protease (PR) gene region and reverse transcriptase (RT) gene region were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR),and the amplified fragments were sequenced and analyzed to study on the phylogenetic tree,subtype and drug resistance.Results The gene whole sequence of HIV-1 PR and RT were obtained from 17 cases,15 resistance loci were found in 10 cases,which caused the drug-resistan tin 7 cases,the drug resistance rate was 8.3％,the nucleoside inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance mutations was found in 1 sample,a primary protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations was found in 1 sample,the secondary PI resistance mutations were found in 4 samples; the NRTI resistance potency mutation was found in 1 sample,the NNRTI resistance mutations were found in 5 samples.Non-nucleoside resistance mutations,nucleoside resistance mutations and secondary PI resistance mutations were mainly caused by V179E,Y181C,V179D,K101E,G190A and M46LM,L10LV,A71AT.Conclusions The protease inhibitors of drug resistance strain,nucleoside inhibitors and non-nucleoside inhibitors double drug-resistant strains has emerged in Ningxia,it is necessary to study on the patients without antiviral treatment for drug resistance. Key words: HIV-1 ; Gene sequencing; Protease gene; Reverse transcriptase gene; Drug resistance
A Four-Mode Three-State (FMTS) Swinging Bus Controller for PV Micro-Inverters to Achieve Reactive Power Compensation and Remove Electrolytic Capacitor

To manage the instantaneous input and output power mismatch, existing Photovoltaic (PV) inverters usually utilize large electrolytic capacitors or an extra ripple port, leading to short lifespan, low power density or high cost of the system. To address this issue, recently the swinging bus (SB) technique was proposed which only requires thin film capacitors to handle power mismatch. However, existing SB controllers have not yet experimentally demonstrated reactive power capability, which is a requirement in newly released grid codes. In addition, SB controllers are normally unique to specific inverter topologies. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Four-Mode Three- State (FMTS) swinging bus controller that is applicable to many types of single-phase PV inverter topologies. The approach manages power mismatch using only a small film capacitor, even while achieving reactive power compensation. Simulation and experimental results, based on a series-capacitive-link PV inverter topology, have verified the effectiveness of FMTS SB controller.
Provider Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Utilization and Self-Auditing-A Pilot Study.

Background Alabama has the highest prescription rate in the country. The national incidence of overdose deaths from prescription opioids exceeds the combined death rates from heroin and cocaine overdose. Monitoring prescription access should be an essential activity among providers and can be used to protect patient health and well-being. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are tools that assist in diminishing opioid therapy risks such as diversion, abuse, overdose, and death. Objective The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of an educational intervention on opioid prescriptive rates, frequency of self-auditing and days of opioid supply among healthcare providers. The anticipated goal of the project was that rates and days of supply for opioid prescriptions would decrease. Method A pretest-posttest design was used to assess a sample of 21 DEA licensed providers who attended a PDMP presentation and conducted a self-audit using the PDMP. Results Analysis showed that 81% of the participants had never conducted a self-audit prior to the intervention. Self-report data indicated that 85.7% of the providers planned to increase their self-auditing use postintervention and 14.3% planned to make no changes to their current use of the PDMP. Among those who prescribed opioids, the range of monthly prescriptions written was 3-142 preintervention (M = 32.28, SD = 41.04) and 3-149 postintervention (M = 32.26, SD = 43.32). Analysis also found the days of opioid supply prescribed were also high. In both cases, these numbers were correlated to patient census. Implications for nursing The PDMP is an effective surveillance tool that provides aggregate data to state public health officials. For a PDMP to be effective, it must be used by prescribing providers. While the anticipated goal for this study was not achieved, the PDMP is an effective surveillance tool for monitoring the controlled substance prescription histories of patients. Using the PDMP before prescribing can aid providers in distinguishing those who legitimately have a need from those who may be seeking to misuse the medications. Additionally, use of a PDMP can provide aggregate data to state public health officials so that education programs, for practitioners and patients, can be developed.
Prevalence and Trends in Management of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in the United States: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample.

Background Over the past 2 decades, management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) has evolved significantly. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the national prevalence and management trends of iNPH in the United States using a national database. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis code for iNPH from 2007 to 2017. Trends in prevalence and procedure type were evaluated per 100,000 discharges and as a percentage of discharges, using weighted discharges. Utilization of procedure type across U.S. regions and hospital types was also compared. Results From 2007 to 2017, 302,460 weighted discharges with any diagnosis code for iNPH, aged ≥60 years, were identified. Prevalence ranged from 0.04% to 0.20% (41/100,000 to 202/100,000) among admitted patients ≥60 years old, giving an average prevalence during the study duration of 0.18% (179/100,000). Of 66,759 weighted discharges with a primary diagnosis code of iNPH undergoing surgical management, ventriculoperitoneal shunt (72.0% of discharges, n = 48,977) was most commonly used; of these, 9.3% (n = 4567) were performed laparoscopically. This result was followed by lumbar peritoneal shunt (15.1% of discharges, n = 10,441). Up to 15.1% (n = 9990) of discharges reported only a lumbar puncture, assumed to be only diagnostic, for screening, or part of serial cerebrospinal fluid removal procedures. Significant discrepancies in procedure utilization were also identified among hospitals in the Western, Southern, Northeast and Midwest regions, as well as between urban and rural hospitals (P Conclusions We have summarized the national prevalence of iNPH, trends in its management over the previous decade and trends by region and hospital type.
Enabling precision coordinate metrology for universal optical testing and alignment applications

Optical designs for the next generation space science instruments call for unconventional, aspheric, and freeform (FF), prescriptions with tight tolerances. These advanced surfaces enable superior-performance, compact, and lower cost systems but are more challenging to characterize and, hence, to fabricate and integrate. A method was developed to characterize a wide range of optical surfaces, without requiring custom-made correctors, and to align them to each other for a high-performance optical system. A precision coordinate measuring machine, equipped with a non-contact, chromatic confocal probe, was used to measure numerous optics including large convex conics, high-sloped aspherics, several FF surfaces, and grazing-incidence x-ray optics. The resulting data were successfully reduced using custom-developed, advanced surface fitting analysis tool, to determine the optic’s alignment relative to the global and local coordinate systems, surface departure from design, and the as-built optical prescription. This information guided the modeling and the alignment of the corresponding as-built optical systems, including a flight system composed of a three-mirror anastigmat.
Severe thrombocytopenia from temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed patients with high-grade gliomas.

5283 BACKGROUND: Standard therapy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme now includes temozolomide (TMZ) (75 mg/m2/day) administered with radiation therapy (RT) for 6 weeks, followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ (150-200 mg/m2/day for 5 days during each 28-day cycle). In the phase III clinical trial of this regimen (Stupp et al., NEJM 2005), thrombocytopenia was reported to be modest (12% grade 3/4) over the 8.5 months of planned treatment, and most cases (73%) of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia developed during the monthly adjuvant cycles of TMZ. In this study, we further characterize the thrombocytopenia associated with this therapy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 52 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas treated with this regimen at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between June 2004 and October 2005. RESULTS: The median age of these patients was 57 years, and 54% were male. Almost all patients received corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Histology included glioblastoma multiforme (73%), anaplastic astrocytoma (21%), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (6%). Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was seen in 10 patients (19%). Five patients (10%) required platelet transfusions (range 1-59 transfusions). Two patients (4%) never recovered platelet counts, requiring biweekly platelet transfusions for over 6 months. In these patients, bone marrow evaluation demonstrated absent megakaryocytes. Therapy was discontinued in 9 patients (17%) because of thrombocytopenia. The median time to onset of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 52 days, and the median duration was 32 days (range 1-217 days). Most cases (80%) of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia developed during the daily TMZ and RT segment of therapy. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 25% of women and 14% of men on this regimen and was not associated with age, renal or hepatic function, body surface area, use of anticonvulsants or antibiotics, or tumor histology. Grade 3/4 neutropenia (10%) and anemia (10%) had much less impact on the clinical course of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment regimen can result in severe and potentially irreversible thrombocytopenia. The factors that predispose certain patients to this toxicity have yet to be determined.
Temperature Regulation in Laboratory Rodents

Rodents are the predominant experimental animals found in life-sciences research laboratories. The body temperature of a rodent is markedly affected by surgical, chemical or environmental manipulation. Because temperature regulation is controlled essentially by a 'holistic' regulatory system, meaning that its responses affect the activities of all other psychological and behavioural processes, it is clear that researchers working with rodents must be familiar with thermoregulatory physiology. With the help of extensive data tables and figures, this book explains the key facets of rodent thermal physiology, including neurological control and gender and intraspecies variations. There is a novel chapter on the effects of trauma, toxic chemicals and other factors. The book should therefore find use in government, academic or industrial laboratories whose researchers are working with rodents.
Translating Research Into Effective Social Policy

Social policy is one of the primary mechanisms through which research is translated into meaningful outcomes for people living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research that establishes the prevalence of features of ASD and their associated outcomes, identifies effective interventions, and tracks the successful dissemination of these interventions across a population is especially valuable to shaping policy. In the majority of cases, research can only contribute to improved outcomes at the individual and societal level through the development of services and related programs of training. Barriers to the translation of research into effective social policy may be overcome only through cross-discipline and cross-agency collaboration, as illustrated through a detailed case study presented in the chapter. Keywords: autism; autism spectrum; outcomes; policy; research
Awaiting the Heavenly Country: The Civil War and America's Culture of Death – By Mark S. Schantz

In the fall of 1944, Ernest Hemingway was writing a long poem he intended as a tribute to sixty‐seven soldiers of the 22nd Infantry Regiment killed in one day's combat while trying to pierce the Si...
IDENTIFYING THE LINDAHL EQUILIBRIUM WITHOUT TRANSFERS AS A SOCIAL OPTIMUM: The Lindahl Equilibrium as a Social Optimum

The Lindahl equilibrium is an important solution concept in economies with externalities or public goods. In this paper, a ‘Negishi-type’ theorem that connects the Lindahl equilibrium without transfers with the social optimum solution is proposed and proved. The theorem states that the solution of a social planner's problem with the social welfare weights proportional to the inverse of the private shadow prices of externalities in an auxiliary Nash equilibrium is the Lindahl equilibrium without transfers. To verify the theorem constructively, an algorithm for finding the Lindahl equilibrium is developed. Its efficacy is demonstrated through a numerical example.
A zero-one law for cryptographic complexity with respect to computational UC security

It is well-known that most cryptographic tasks do not have universally composable (UC) secure protocols, if no trusted setup is available in the framework. On the other hand, if a task like fair coin-tossing is available as a trusted setup, then all cryptographic tasks have UC-secure protocols. What other trusted setups allow UC-secure protocols for all tasks? More generally, given a particular setup, what tasks have UC-secure protocols? We show that, surprisingly, every trusted setup is either useless (equivalent to having no trusted setup) or all-powerful (allows UC-secure protocols for all tasks). There are no "intermediate" trusted setups in the UC framework. We prove this zero-one law under a natural intractability assumption, and consider the class of deterministic, finite, 2-party functionalities as candidate trusted setups. One important technical contribution in this work is to initiate the comprehensive study of the cryptographic properties of reactive functionalities. We model these functionalities as finite automata and develop an automata-theoretic methodology for classifying and studying their cryptographic properties. Consequently, we completely characterize the reactive behaviors that lead to cryptographic non-triviality. Another contribution of independent interest is to optimize the hardness assumption used by Canetti et al. (STOC 2002) in showing that the common random string functionality is complete (a result independently obtained by Damgard et al. (TCC 2010)).
Las Meninas in VR: Storytelling and the Illusion in Art

Las Meninas is a virtual reality (VR) artwork based on the painting of the same name by Spanish painter Diego Velazquez. Created for the CAVE(tm), Las Meninas attempts to establish a language of art in virtual reality by placing VR in the realm of storytelling; storytelling that is not simply formalistic and decorative, but also psychological. The viewer confronts a narrative cryptogram which can be deciphered at multiple levels of meaning as he seeks to explore the enigmas inherent in the painting by literally entering into it, both physically and psycho-logically. This allows for the suspension of disbelief or the illusion in art, the quintessential rule of art.
Sissies and Tomboys: Gender Role Behaviors and Homophobia

Abstract This paper examines whether prejudice by heterosexuals against homosexuals is associated with violations of socially determined gender role behaviors. Respondents were given questionnaires which included either gay-acting or straight-acting vignettes and asked to indicate their attitudes and behaviors in specific situations. While gender role characteristics were found to be an important aspect of negative attitudes and behaviors toward gay men and lesbians, the most important predictor of homophobia is the mere fact that an individual is known to be homosexual.
Magnitude determination for deep-focus earthquakes

The magnitude of deep-focus earthquakes is so defined as to make the energy released in two shocks of the same magnitude equal, regardless of focal depth.—Charts are given which, in connection with the equations for the magnitude of shallow shocks, permit the calculation of the magnitude of a shock at any given depth if the maximum ground amplitude and the corresponding wave period of P, PP, or S at a given epicentral distance are known.—It is found that the energies released in the longitudinal and transverse waves of an earthquake are about equal, regardless of focal depth.—The “shadow zone” for P and S waves at epicentral distances near 10°, indicating a slight minimum in wave velocity at a depth near 100 km., has been confirmed, and quantitative results for amplitudes of P as a function of focal depth are given.—Earthquake magnitudes of 7 ¾ to 8 have been found throughout the range of focal depths, but, during the past forty years, seem to have been relatively less frequent in deep-focus than in shallow shocks. In contrast with shallow shocks, no deep-focus earthquakes of magnitudes 8 ¼ to 8 ½ have been established thus far. This indicates (but does not yet prove) that at depths of about 100 to 700 km. roughly one-tenth as much energy can be stored as at depths of 15 to 40 km. At a depth of about 700 km. earthquake activity seems to stop abruptly.—The amplitudes of surface waves in deep-focus shocks decrease with increasing focal depth approximately as given by the theory.
Localized multicast routing

Multicast is a fundamental issue in distributed computing and networking, especially for applications such as audio and video transmission. The minimal cost route selection problem for multicasting is an NP-complete problem even for regular network topologies such as meshes and hypercubes. We therefore present a simple heuristic algorithm for multicast route selection in arbitrarily-connected point-to-point communication networks. Several other heuristics have been presented for finding the minimal multicast route, but most of them are global in the sense that the source uses global cost information to construct a multicast tree. Our algorithm does not require the use of global cost information; it uses cost information only from neighboring nodes as it proceeds which makes it more practical from an implementation paint of view. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed through empirical comparisons and is shown to perform as well against algorithms which use global information.
Expression Patterns and Deprivation Effects on GABAA Receptor Subunit and GAD mRNAs in Monkey Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

The expression and regulation of seven GABAA receptor subunit gene transcripts were examined in the adult monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to localize mRNAs of the genes encoding monkey-specific alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4, alpha 5, beta 1, beta 2, and gamma 2 subunits. The highest levels of expression in the nucleus were for alpha 1, beta 2, and gamma 2 subunit transcripts. The levels were substantially higher in the magnocellular than in the parvocellular layers. Alpha-2, alpha 4, alpha 5, and beta 1 subunit mRNAs were expressed at much lower levels, and magno- and parvocellular layers had approximately equal levels of expression. Following 4- or 21-day periods of monocular deprivation induced by intravitreal injections of tetrodotoxin, levels of the alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4, alpha 5, beta 1, and beta 2 mRNAs were decreased in the deprived geniculate laminae. Adjacent sections hybridized with probes specific for 67-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA also showed decreased levels of expression in deprived laminae after the 21-day deprivation period. Levels of gamma 2 receptor subunit mRNA were unaffected by monocular deprivation. In our previous studies, a clearly significant downregulation is observed for this subunit transcript in the visual cortex of monkeys deprived for equivalent times. The differential expression and responses to deprivation in the lateral geniculate nucleus suggest region-specific regulation of GABAA receptor subunit genes.
PRICE CHANGES IN EQUITY SECURITIES

We are interested in examining differences in price behavior to find causes and relationships. Our method of approach is to compare the price, earnings, and dividend history of a group of stocks showing the greatest price advance in a given investment period with the corresponding record of the group showing the greatest price decline. On the basis of this comparison, we can separate those items in which the two groups are alike and those items in which they are different. The latter items may be significant determinants of price performance. To implement this approach it is necessary to decide on the method of selection and size of the groups of stocks, the investment periods to use, and the data to compare. There are over 1,000 equity stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The comparative availability of necessary data as well as the relative importance of these issues justify limitation of the study to this broad group. The selection of the investment period is somewhat more debatable. We are interested in common stocks from the point of view of the marginal holder, not the so-called permanent investor or the short-term trader. Prices obviously are affected by a group of holders who sell and buy if they think they can improve their position by doing so. The six-month tax-holding period might well be the best investment period to use if data were readily available. It is long enough to eliminate a major part of the influence of short-term erratic fluctuations and yet is short enough to allow the investment flexibility expected of the marginal holder. The greater availability of statistical data on an annual basis justifies the use of an investment period extending from one year end to the next.
Focus on molecules: decorin.

Decorin (NM_133507) is a ubiquitous small extracellular proteoglycan. It is a composite molecule ~100kda in size with a protein core and attached GAGs. It was cloned from a human embryonic fibroblast line and named PG40 for its protein core, ~40Kda. It has been known as PG-S2, bone proteoglycans-II, small leucine-rich protein-1B, dermatan sulphate proteoglycan-II, but decorin (DCN) was adopted based on its association with collagen fibrils, i.e., it “decorated” fibrils. It is the prototype of an expanding family of small leucinerich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs). The SLRP family has 5 classes and decorin is in class I.
Stability of peptide (P1 and P2) binding to a graphene sheet via an all-atom to all-residue coarse-grained approach

Peptide binding to a graphene sheet is studied by a coarse-grained approach. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) is used to assess the adsorption energy (e.g. binding) of each amino acid with graphene. The relative adsorption energy of each residue is normalized to describe its coarse-grained interactions with graphene which is used as an input to a phenomenological interaction in an all-residue coarse-grained (ARCG) representation of the peptide chain. Large scale Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to study the stability of peptides (P1: 1H–2S–3S–4Y–5W–6Y–7A–8F–9N–10N–11K–12T and P2: 1E–2P–3L–4Q–5L–6K–7M) binding to a graphene sheet as a function of temperature. A number of local and global physical quantities are analyzed including mobility and substrate-in-contact profiles of each residue, density profiles, root mean square displacement of the center of mass of each peptide and its radius of gyration. We find that P1 has a higher probability of binding to a graphene sheet than P2 supported by both local and global physical quantities. All residues of P1 can bind to the graphene sheet at low temperatures; however, three residues 4Y–5W–6Y seem to anchor it most strongly at higher temperatures, which is consistent with an all-atom MD simulation.
Spring stiffness influence on an oscillating propulsor

Abstract We study the propulsive dynamics of a thin foil pitching about its quarter chord and allowed to passively plunge. Specifically, we focus on the effect of variations in translational spring stiffness on propulsor plunge and on the minimum oscillation frequency required to produce positive thrust. Our numerical simulation utilizes a two-dimensional hydroelasticity model of the propulsor–fluid system in a constant velocity free stream. The pitch is forced at the quarter chord by a drive shaft and the dynamics of the fluid–structure interaction coupled to the strength of a translational spring determines the plunge amplitude. We use an unsteady two-dimensional vortex lattice method to model the hydrodynamics of the propulsor producing thrust in a potential flow field. The phase relationship between the driving angle and the plunge displacement is discussed, along with the effects of changing spring stiffness on thrust and efficiency. We show that passive plunge reduces the critical frequency for positive thrust production. This allows simple one-actuator input to compete with more complicated two-actuator systems.
Ab-initio phasing using nanocrystal shape transforms with incomplete unit cells.

X-ray free electron lasers are used in measuring diffraction patterns from nanocrystals in the `diffract-before-destroy' mode by outrunning radiation damage. The finite-sized nanocrystals provide an opportunity to recover intensity between Bragg spots by removing the modulating function that depends on crystal shape, i.e. the transform of the crystal shape. This shape-transform dividing-out scheme for solving the phase problem has been tested using simulated examples with cubic crystals. It provides a phasing method which does not require atomic resolution data, chemical modification to the sample, or modelling based on the protein databases. It is common to find multiple structural units (e.g. molecules, in symmetry-related positions) within a single unit cell, therefore incomplete unit cells (e.g. one additional molecule) can be observed at surface layers of crystals. In this work, the effects of such incomplete unit cells on the `dividing-out' phasing algorithm are investigated using 2D crystals within the projection approximation. It is found that the incomplete unit cells do not hinder the recovery of the scattering pattern from a single unit cell (after dividing out the shape transforms from data merged from many nanocrystals of different sizes), assuming that certain unit-cell types are preferred. The results also suggest that the dynamic range of the data is a critical issue to be resolved in order to apply the shape transform method practically.
Dual-Vdd Interconnect With Chip-Level Time Slack Allocation for FPGA Power Reduction

To reduce field-programmable gate array power, Vdd programmability has been recently proposed to select the Vdd level for interconnects and power-gate unused interconnects. However, Vdd-level converters used in the existing Vdd-programmable method consume a large amount of leakage. This paper proposes two ways to avoid using level converters in interconnects, namely; 1) tree-based level converter insertion (TLC) and 2) dual-Vdd tree-based level converter insertion (dTLC). TLC enforces that there is only one Vdd level within each routing tree, while dTLC can have different Vdd levels within a routing tree, but no VddL switch drives VddH switches. Dual-Vdd assignment algorithms were developed considering chip-level time slack allocation for maximum power reduction. The algorithms include TLC-S and dTLC-S, two power sensitivity-based algorithms with implicit time slack allocation, and dTLC-LP, a linear programming (LP)-based algorithm with explicit time slack allocation. All allocate time slack first to interconnects with higher power sensitivity and assign low Vdd to them for more power reduction. Experiments show that dTLC-LP obtains the lowest power consumption. Compared to dTLC-LP, dTLC-S obtains a slightly higher power consumption but runs three times faster. Compared to the existing segment-based level converter insertion for dual Vdd, dTLC-LP reduces interconnect power by 52.90% without performance loss for Microelectronics Center of North Carolina benchmark circuits