cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of the Weil/Maceira Metatarsal Osteotomy for Coronal Plane Malalignment During Crossover Toe Correction: Case Series

Background:Metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) instability, which often involves the second ray, may result in dorsal translation and coronal drift of the proximal phalanx, with subsequent crossover of...
Aberrant Opioid Use and Urine Drug Testing in Outpatient Palliative Care

Abstract Aberrant opioid use is a public health issue, which has not been adequately described in the palliative care literature. With the increasing integration of palliative care into oncologic care, palliative care clinicians are seeing patients earlier in the disease trajectory, and therefore, more outpatients with chronic pain requiring chronic opioid therapy. This may have resulted in a concomitant rise in the number of patients with aberrant opioid use. In this article, we report on two patients with aberrant opioid-related behavior seen at our palliative care clinic. A high suspicion of opioid abuse, misuse, or diversion based on certain behavioral cues necessitated the ordering of a urine drug test (UDT). The tests helped the medical team to confirm an already existing pattern of maladaptive opioid use. In both cases, we provided ample opioid education and implemented effective strategies to address their aberrant opioid use. These cases suggest the need for palliative care clinicians to develop ...
A new approach for rowhammer attacks

Rowhammer is a hardware bug identified in recent commodity DRAMs: repeated row activations can cause bit flips in adjacent rows. Rowhammer has been recognized as both a reliability and security issue. And it is a classic example that layered abstractions and trust (in this case, virtual memory) can be broken from hardware level. Previous rowhammer attacks either rely on rarely used special instructions or complicated memory access patterns. In this paper, we propose a new approach for rowhammer that is based on x86 non-temporal instructions. This approach bypasses existing rowhammer defense and is much less constrained for a more challenging task: remote rowhammer attacks, i.e., triggering rowhammer with existing, benign code. Moreover, we extend our approach and identify libc memset and memcpy functions as a new rowhammer primitive. Our discussions on rowhammer protection suggest that it is critical to understand this new threat to be able to defend in depth.
Initiation of large-volume silicic centers in the Yellowstone hotspot track: insights from H 2 O- and F-rich quartz-hosted rhyolitic melt inclusions in the Arbon Valley Tuff of the Snake River Plain

During the onset of caldera cluster volcanism at a new location in the Snake River Plain (SRP), there is an increase in basalt fluxing into the crust and diverse silicic volcanic products are generated. The SRP contains abundant and compositionally diverse hot, dry, and often low-δ18O silicic volcanic rocks produced through time during the formation of individual caldera clusters, but more H2O-rich eruptive products are rare. We report analyses of quartz-hosted melt inclusions from pumice clasts from the upper and lower Arbon Valley Tuff (AVT) to gain insight into the initiation of caldera cluster volcanism. The AVT, a voluminous, caldera-forming rhyolite, represents the commencement of volcanism (10.44 Ma) at the Picabo volcanic field of the Yellowstone hotspot track. This is a normal δ18O rhyolite consisting of early and late erupted members (lower and upper AVT, respectively) with extremely radiogenic Sr isotopes and unradiogenic Nd isotopes, requiring that ~50 % of the mass of these elements is derived from melts of Archean upper crust. Our data reveal distinctive features of the early erupted lower AVT melt including: variable F concentrations up to 1.4 wt%, homogenous and low Cl concentrations (~0.08 wt%), H2O contents ranging from 2.3 to 6.4 wt%, CO2 contents ranging from 79 to 410 ppm, and enrichment of incompatible elements compared to the late erupted AVT, subsequent Picabo rhyolites, SRP rhyolites, and melt inclusions from other metaluminous rhyolites (e.g., Bishop Tuff, Mesa Falls Tuff). We couple melt inclusion data with Ti measurements and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of the host quartz phenocrysts to elucidate the petrogenetic evolution of the AVT rhyolitic magma. We observe complex and multistage CL zoning patterns, the most critical being multiple truncations indicative of several dissolution–reprecipitation episodes with bright CL cores (higher Ti) and occasional bright CL rims (higher Ti). We interpret the high H2O, F, F/Cl, and incompatible trace element concentrations in the context of a model involving melting of Archean crust and mixing of the crustal melt with basaltic differentiates, followed by multiple stages of fractional crystallization, remelting, and melt extraction. This multistage process, which we refer to as distillation, is further supported by the complex CL zoning patterns in quartz. We interpret new Δ18O(Qz-Mt) isotope measurements, demonstrating a 0.4 ‰ or ~180 °C temperature difference, and strong Sr isotopic and chemical differences between the upper and lower AVT to represent two separate eruptions. Similarities between the AVT and the first caldera-forming eruptions of other caldera clusters in the SRP (Yellowstone, Heise and Bruneau Jarbidge) suggest that the more evolved, lower-temperature, more H2O-rich rhyolites of the SRP are important in the initiation of a caldera cluster during the onset of plume impingement.
One-Dimensional Composite Micromechanics:

We present an easily understood, one-dimensional development of composite micromechanics that bridges the gap between the state of the art in composites research and composites education. By develo...
Programming by demonstration for Locally k-Testable tasks

This paper proposes PbD (Programming by Demonstration) of the tasks representable as Locally k-Testable (or LTk) subclass of regular languages, in a system modeled as a Markov Decision Process. The method uses predicate abstraction and language identification in the limit to infer a symbolic task. The learned task is implemented by constraining the evolution of MDP. Using relatively small training sample, the approach generalizes to all possible ways of accomplishing a learned task, unlike inverse reinforcement learning method. A Grid-world case study validates the results.
Divalproex Sodium for Prevention of Migraine

The use of divalproex sodium (DVS) as a prophylactic treatment for migraine was studied in 42 patients, 7 to 16 years of age (mean age, 11.3 years) seen between July 1996 and December 1998 at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Hasbro Children’s Hospital/Rhode Island Hospital,Divalproex Brown University, Providence, RI.
Amazon’s Mechanical Turk a Digital Sweatshop? Transparency and Accountability in Crowdsourced Online Research

Nearly everyone is opposed to the practice of physical sweatshops. The idea of exploited labor in producing consumer goods is morally repulsive, at least in principle. When it comes time to buy new...
The Behavior of Aerosols in the Human Nasal and Oral Airways, Including the Ultrafine Size Region

The role of the upper human airways in modifying incoming air and removing large particles has been well known for many years. Recently, it has become apparent that the upper airways, which include the nasal, oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal and upper tracheal passages, must be viewed as both a filter to protect the more distal airways and a possible site of toxicity. It is also possible that specific deposition sites of these airways may act as portals of entry for molecules which readily pass through the epithelium.
Carbon Dioxide Conversion for Oxygen Recovery

The requirements for maintaining a suitable atmosphere for human occupancy of a space cabin are as complex and as interrelated as the physiological processes that maintain the health and well-being of the occupants themselves. The major need is a continuous supply of breathable oxygen to balance consumption. This is perhaps the most difficult and immediate problem as goals are set for longer missions that dictate the regeneration of consumed materials from wastes.
Performing with Care: Reading with Alphonso Lingis

Performing alongside Alphonso Lingis and reading “Irrevocable Loss,” as a script for performance, this article articulates how readers can perform with concepts. Beyond the linear time of work or the evaluative time of daily performances that Lingis defines, performances with concepts often occur in the nebulous and chaotic space-time of what Bryan Reynolds calls “transversal territory.” In transversal territory, readers as performers abide with human and non-human others, and performance becomes an ethical multiplicity: it requires articulation, selection, and parametrization, as its various human and non-human components transform and jet across multiple planes and space-times. Responsibility, technique, and articulated identity diffuse into the care of abiding with concepts and they are allowed to perform as readers perform with them: transforming each other without capture.
Intrafractional Displacement of Cardiac Substructures Among Patients With Mediastinal Lymphoma or Lung Cancer.

Abstract Purpose The radiation dose to specific substructures of the heart may be more critical than the dose to the whole heart. Yet, these substructures are sensitive to intrafractional motion from breathing and cardiac motion, which can affect their dose-volume histograms. We sought to investigate intrafractional motion of the heart and its substructures among free-breathing patients undergoing radiation for mediastinal lymphoma or lung cancer. Methods and materials After institutional review board approval, the medical records of 20 patients (12 with mediastinal lymphoma; 8 with lung cancer) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients underwent 4-dimensional computed tomography simulation and a contrasted scan for treatment planning. Using MIMVista software, the heart, coronary arteries, chambers, and valves were contoured on the 50% phase, and these contours were propagated to the other phases and edited. Each substructure was graded on the basis of its ease of contouring across all phases (1 = no difficulty; 2 = minor difficulty; 3 = moderate difficulty; and 4 = very difficult). The centroid position and volume of each substructure for all phases were exported to Excel to calculate basic statistics and the independent t test. Results The heart, 4 chambers, and atrioventricular valves were easily identified with a mean score of 1 to 1.2, and the pulmonic valve, left anterior descending artery, aortic valve, circumflex, and right coronary artery were minor-to-moderately difficult with a mean score of 2.1 to 3.2. The smallest centroid displacement was seen in the 4 chambers and mitral and pulmonic valves (0.7-1.1 cm). Greater displacement was seen in the coronary vessels and tricuspid and aortic valves (1.2-1.5 cm). The greatest displacement was in the Z direction (craniocaudal) for all substructures; however, the displacement was significantly greater among patients with lymphoma for the right ventricle, aortic valve, and left anterior descending artery (P Conclusions Intrafractional motion of the cardiac substructures ranged from 0.7 to 1.5 cm, mostly in the Z direction. Further investigation of the respiratory motion effect on the dose-volume histogram of the substructures is needed for patients treated with contemporary radiation techniques.
Hydrological perturbations drive rapid shifts in phytoplankton biodiversity and population dynamics in Butte Lake (Lassen Volcanic National Park, California)

Howard K, Noble P. 2017. Hydrological perturbations drive rapid shifts in phytoplankton biodiversity and population dynamics in Butte Lake (Lassen Volcanic National Park, California). Lake Reserv M...
Value of subspecialist review of outside institution PET/CT examinations?

591 Objectives To determine the value of PET/CT subspecialist review of examinations performed outside the institution. Methods Second opinion PET/CT reports generated by two faculty members from June to December 2010 were compared against the outside hospital reports. Results 240 outside hospital PET/CT examinations were reviewed. 22 findings (in 20 examinations) called suspicious/malignant on the outside report were called benign on the second opinion report. Definitive diagnosis was available for 12 of 22 findings on follow-up imaging (11) or pathology (1). The second opinion report was accurate in all 12 cases (100%). The most common false positives on outside reports were inflammatory mediastinal lymph nodes, physiologic adnexal cysts, and physiologic anal sphincter FDG-avidity. 11 findings (in 11 examinations) called suspicious/malignant on the second opinion report were missed or called benign on the outside report. Definitive diagnosis was available for 9 of 11 findings on follow-up imaging (2) or pathology (7). The second opinion report was accurate in 6 cases (67%). The most common false negatives on outside studies were non-FDG-avid lung nodules. In addition, second opinion reports detected one case of pneumomediastinum and one case of left vocal cord paralysis that were missed on the outside hospital report. Conclusions In 33 of 240 (14%) PET/CT examinations performed at an outside institution, subspecialist review resulted in at least one discordant opinion. In 23 of the 33 discrepancies, a definitely diagnosis was available on follow-up. In 20 of 23 (87%) cases with a definitive diagnosis, the subspecialist review was more accurate. False positive interpretations on the outside reports could have been reduced by recognizing common physiologic and inflammatory sources of FDG-avidity. Subspecialist review of PET/CT examinations performed at an outside institution can alter exam interpretation and patient care, suggesting that subspecialist review is beneficial before implementing cancer therapy
Towards Identifying Students’ Causal Reasoning Using Machine Learning

Causal reasoning is difficult for middle school students to grasp. In this research, we wanted to test the possibility of using machine learning for modeling students’ causal reasoning in a virtual environment designed to assess this skill. Our findings suggest it is possible to use machine learning to emulate student pathways that are able to predict their causal understanding.
An Example of Levin and Nohel

Suppose n = 1 and $${\rm{f}}\left( {\rm{\phi }} \right) = - \int\limits_{ - {\rm{r}}}^0 {\rm{a}} \left( { - \theta } \right){\rm{g}}\left( {{\rm{\phi }}\left( \theta \right)} \right){\rm{d}}\theta $$ where $${\rm{G}}\left( {\rm{x}} \right)\mathop = \limits^{{\rm{def}}} \int_0^x {{\rm{g}}\left( {\rm{s}} \right){\rm{ds}} \to \infty {\rm{ as }}\left| {\rm{x}} \right|} \to \infty $$ (14.1) $${\rm{a}}\left( {\rm{r}} \right) = 0,{\rm{a}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) \ge 0,{\rm{\dot a}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) \le 0,\:a \left( {\rm{t}} \right) \ge 0,0 \le {\rm{t}} \le {\rm{r,}}$$ (14.2) are continuous. We consider the special case of (13.1) given by $$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm{\dot x}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right)} & = & { - \int_{ - {\rm{r}}}^0 {{\rm{a}}\left( { - \theta } \right){\rm{g}}\left( {{\rm{x}}\left( {{\rm{t}} + \theta } \right)} \right){\rm{d}}\theta } } \\ {} & = & { - \int_{{\rm{t}} - {\rm{r}}}^{\rm{t}} {{\rm{a}}\left( {{\rm{t}} - {\rm{u}}} \right){\rm{g}}\left( {{\rm{x}}\left( {\rm{u}} \right)} \right){\rm{du}}} } \\ \end{array}$$ (14.3) .
Optimization of systems possessing symmetries

It is shown that a symmetry in an optimization problem induces a decomposition of the optimal feedback control law into two factors. One factor can be calculated algebraically and depends only on the symmetry; the other factor corresponds to a lower dimensional optimization problem. This gives a priori information about the structure of the optimal feedback control law and indicates a possibly more efficient method for optimizing such systems.
Skeletal muscle PO2 during hypodynamic sepsis.

It has been hypothesized (Nelson et al., 1988, Samsel et al., 1988, Bredle et al. 1989), that sepsis is a disorder of microvascular regulation resulting in decreased O2 transport from the capillaries to the mitochondria. Evidence for this hypothesis was offered by Nelson et al. (1988), who found greater levels of systemic and intestinal critical O2 transport (TO2), defined as the minimum TO2 required to maintain constant O2 consumption (VO2), in hypovolemic septic dogs when compared to a control group. This phenomenon may be related to increases in microcirculatory heterogeneity, resulting in a mismatch of tissue perfusion and cellular O2 needs. This is manifested at the organ level by decreases in O2 extraction capacity.
Locally produced chicken eggs-a source of dietary lead for an Australian community living with an active lead smelter?

The South Australian regional city of Port Pirie has a long history of environmental lead contamination caused by smelting operations that have resulted in elevated blood lead levels in local children. This study examines the potential exposure of children to lead as a result of consuming eggs produced by domestic chickens kept in a lead-contaminated environment. Lead concentrations were measured in eggs, chicken enclosure soil, chicken feed and forage vegetation collected from a domestic site in Port Pirie. Eggs produced in the vicinity of the operating smelter had higher whole-egg lead concentrations (median: 0.09 mg/kg; range: 0.03–0.19 mg/kg) than control eggs (median: 0.002 mg/kg; range: 0.002–0.005 mg/kg). Soil and forage vegetation were identified as potential lead sources for the chickens in this study. The impact of remediating potential lead sources accessed by the chickens was examined and remedial actions were found to be only partly effective with a three-fold reduction in lead concentrations in eggs. Estimated lead intake for a 2-year-old child consuming these eggs indicated that a diet rich in eggs could more than double the child's daily lead exposure from dietary sources. Eggs produced by chickens housed in residential backyards are a readily avoidable additional source of lead exposure for children living in this industrial community, where all environmental lead sources contribute to an unacceptable daily intake.
Abstract TP201: Characterizing Left Atrial Mechanics and the Associations With Stroke Severity

Introduction: The importance of left atrial (LA) function in cardioembolic stroke is increasingly recognized, but the associations between LA phasic function and ischemic stroke severity (admission...
Preventing Adolescent Substance Use: A Content Analysis of Peer Processes Targeted Within Universal School-Based Programs

Universal school-based substance use prevention programs are widely disseminated and often include a focus on peer relationships. Network theory and social network analysis (SNA) have emerged as useful theoretical and methodological frameworks for examining the role of peer relationships in prevention and intervention research. We used content analysis to systematically code the peer processes targeted by three universal school based prevention programs. We found that programs focused on peer socialization more than peer selection, and programs focused about evenly on descriptive and injunctive norms. Programs varied in their focus on positive and negative peer processes and behaviors, but most references to peer processes focused on positive processes and negative behaviors. The focus on peer processes at the dyadic, subgroup, and network levels varied across the three programs, with the heaviest focus on network level processes. When peer processes were targeted, it was rare that lessons focused on peer processes for an extended (> 50%) amount of the lesson content. However, when peer processes were a focus, discussion and reflection were commonly encouraged. These patterns are considered in the context of non-intervention research on adolescent peer relations, which highlights the importance of peer selection and dyad-level processes, and the existence of positive peer processes that promote adolescent development. In doing so, we provide a framework that can be used to (1) examine the extent to which a particular program focuses on the different peer processes, and (2) inform systematic experimental studies of the extent to which particular peer processes are malleable in response to intervention efforts.
Isthmic Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis is the anterior translation of one lumbar vertebra relative to the next caudal segment as a result of an abnormality in the pars interarticularis. Although it is most often an asymptomatic radiographic finding, symptomatic patients may present with low back and/or radicular leg pain. In the setting of persistent symptoms, despite nonoperative treatment, surgery can be considered. Successful arthrodesis and neurologic decompression, when necessary, are the chief goals of surgical treatment, which has demonstrated reasonable long-term outcomes. A variety of surgical treatment options are available and the relative efficacy of them based on patient-specific factors continue to be investigated.
Evaluation of two methods to isolate Schwann cells from murine sciatic nerve.

Abstract Background Schwann cells (SC) and macrophages play key roles in the response to peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Accurate isolation of such cells is essential for further analyses that can lead to better understanding of the repair process after PNI. Separation of live SC from the injury site without culture enrichment is necessary for targeted gene expression analysis. New methods Two flow cytometric techniques are presented for rapid enrichment of live SC and macrophages from injured murine peripheral nerve without the need for culture. Results SC were isolated by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) using transgenic expression of eGFP in SC, or by exclusion of other cell types collected from the injury site. Comparison with existing method(s) Gene expression analyses of peripheral nerve repair have commonly used whole nerve lysates. Isolating SC allows more accurate understanding of their specific role in repair. SC are commonly enriched from nerve by culture, however this changes gene expression patterns and limits the utility for transcriptomic analysis. The surface marker p75-NTR has variable expression in different SC phenotypes and during the course of injury and repair. Using p75-NTR for SC isolation might enrich only a subset of SC. More stably expressed lineage markers for SC are intracellular and not suitable for sorting for gene expression. The methods used here avoid the requirement for surface marker labeling of SC. Conclusion Gene expression analysis of sorted cells from both methods showed successful enrichment of SC. Lineage markers such as Map1b, p75-NTR and S100b were enriched in the sorted SC population. SC sorting by eGFP expression showed improved enrichment, particularly of mature myelinating genes, although this could represent sampling of a subset of SC.
Stiff-Person Syndrome and Psychiatric Comorbidities: A Systematic Review.

Background Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune neurologic disease characterized by painful rigidity and muscle spasms. Patients with SPS may present with psychiatric symptoms, and little is known about the presence of psychiatric comorbidities. Objective The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the association between SPS and psychiatric illnesses. Methods The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (Registration ID CRD42020159354). Peer-reviewed articles on adults with SPS and psychiatric comorbidities published before May 26, 2020, were selected by 2 independent reviewers. Qualitative summary data and relative risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with SPS compared with the general population and multiple sclerosis were calculated. Results After screening 909 articles, 52 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 27 were ultimately included, 5 of which were selected for quantitative analysis. Although limited by small sample sizes leading to large confidence intervals, the relative risk of any psychiatric comorbidity in SPS was higher than that of the general population, ranging from estimates of 6.09 (95% confidence interval: 4.09, 9.08) to 11.25 (95% confidence interval: 3.27, 38.66). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of any psychiatric comorbidity between SPS and multiple sclerosis. The review also highlighted delays in SPS diagnosis, often related to misattribution of symptoms as being solely secondary to a psychiatric cause. Conclusions The higher risk of psychiatric comorbidities emphasizes the important role of psychiatrists in recognizing the symptoms of SPS to reach timely diagnosis and treatment. The presence of psychiatric symptoms should support rather than delay the diagnosis of SPS.
Education and Attitudes on Medical Cannabis in Family Medicine Residency Programs.

Background and objectives Medical cannabis has become increasingly prevalent in the United States, however the extent of family medicine resident education on this topic remains unknown. The objective of this study was to ascertain the current state of medical cannabis education across this population and identify patterns in education based on state legality and program director (PD) practices. Methods Survey questions were part of the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) omnibus survey from May 2019 to July 2019. PDs from all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited US family medicine residency programs received survey invitations by email. Results A total of 251 (40.7%) PDs responded, with 209 (83.6% [209/250]) reporting at least 1 hour of didactic curriculum regarding cannabis. The most common context was substance misuse (mean 3.0±4.1 hours per 3 years), followed by pain management (2.7±3.4 hours), and management of other conditions (2.1±2.7 hours). Thirty-eight programs (15.2% [38/250]) offered clinical experiences related to medical cannabis, and PDs who had previously prescribed or recommended medical cannabis were more likely to offer this experience (Pl.0001). Experiences peaked after 3 to 5 years of medical cannabis legality. PD confidence in resident counseling skills was low overall, but did increase among programs with clinical experiences (P=.0033). Conclusions The current trajectory of medical cannabis use in the United States makes it likely that residents will care for patients interested in medical cannabis, therefore it is important residents be prepared to address this reality. Opportunities exist for improving medical cannabis education in family medicine residency programs.
Case 1: Skin Discoloration in a Preterm Infant with Flank Mass, Hematuria, and Thrombocytopenia.

A male infant is born at 36 2/7 weeks’ estimated gestational age to a 30-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman who is blood group O positive with negative prenatal serologies. Maternal history is significant for a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 and elevated 1-hour glucose tolerance screening result but a normal result on 3-hour glucose tolerance screening. Serum analyte screening demonstrates an elevated trisomy 21 risk (1:70) with normal cell-free DNA (46X,Y) and anatomy scan at 20 weeks’ gestation. The woman presents with decreased fetal movement and receives a single dose of betamethasone 4 hours before delivery. The delivery is via primary cesarean section for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing with difficult extraction requiring vacuum assistance. In the delivery room, Apgar scores are 7 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. Growth parameters are appropriate for gestational age. The infant develops respiratory distress requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and is admitted to the NICU for further care. A blood specimen is obtained for culture and ampicillin and gentamicin therapy are initiated because of hypoglycemia and respiratory distress. At 4 hours after birth, he develops gross hematuria with passage of small, bright-red blood clots. A firm, discrete left flank mass is noted on physical examination. In addition, the examination reveals a grade I/VI systolic murmur with normal pulses and perfusion. Phototherapy is initiated 10 hours after birth for pathologic jaundice, with a total serum bilirubin level of 8.8 mg/dL (150.5 μmol/L) and conjugated bilirubin of less than 0.2 mg/dL (<3.5 μmol/L). The infant is weaned …
Donor-specific phenotypic variation in hiPSC cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes impacts endothelial cell function

The intracellular RNA and the miRNA content in exosomes are significantly different in hiPSC-CMs derived from LVH-affected individuals compared with those from unaffected individuals. Treatment of ...
A Scalable Dual LFM Waveform for Unambiguous Localization in Distributed Antenna Arrays

Distributed antenna arrays, comprising a set of transceivers wirelessly-coordinated at the level of the RF wavelength, require high-accuracy localization to form beams in arbitrary directions. The phase relationship between the transmitted signals are corrected based on the beamsteering phase and the direction of interest, thus any error in the distance measurement will lead to degraded beamforming gain. Previously, it was shown that a spectrally-sparse two-tone waveform can achieve near-optimal localization accuracy between nodes, but results in ambiguous range measurements that must be accounted for. In this work, we present a novel waveform combining spectral sparsity for high-accuracy localization, modulation for range disambiguation, and time-frequency duplexing to enable scalability for accurate ranging between multiple nodes simultaneously.
Community Detection with Contextual Multilayer Networks.

In this paper, we study community detection when we observe $m$ sparse networks and a high dimensional covariate matrix, all encoding the same community structure among $n$ subjects. In the asymptotic regime where the number of features $p$ and the number of subjects $n$ grows proportionally, we derive an exact formula of asymptotic minimum mean square error (MMSE) for estimating the common community structure in the balanced two block case. The formula implies the necessity of integrating information from multiple data sources. Consequently, it induces a sharp threshold of phase transition between the regime where detection (i.e., weak recovery) is possible and the regime where no procedure performs better than a random guess. The asymptotic MMSE depends on the covariate signal-to-noise ratio in a more subtle way than the phase transition threshold does. In the special case of $m=1$, our asymptotic MMSE formula complements the pioneering work of Deshpande et. al. (2018) which found the sharp threshold when $m=1$.
The targets of all treachery: Delusional ideation, paranoia, and the need for uniqueness as mediators between two forms of narcissism and conspiracy beliefs

Abstract The present cross-sectional study (NParticipants = 397; NInformants = 460) examined the association of both grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism with conspiracy beliefs in the context of four theoretically-relevant mediators. Participants who were higher in grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism were more likely to believe in conspiracy theories, seemingly because they were more likely to hold unusual beliefs. There was, likewise, some evidence to suggest that those high in vulnerable narcissism believe in conspiracy theories because they suffer from paranoia, whereas those high in grandiose narcissism believe in conspiracy theories because of a desire to be unique. Together, these results suggest that the conspiracist ideation seen among those high in grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism is a consequence of features that are shared between and unique to each of the traits.
Effect of pre-main-post diesel injection strategy on greenhouse gas and nitrogen oxide emissions of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine at high load conditions

Abstract Natural gas/diesel dual-fuel (NDDF) engine technology is an interesting concept for decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines. One of the main limitations of this concept is the emissions of unburned methane which is estimated to have a GHG potential factor of 25 – 34 over a 100-year period. Our previous study has shown that a NDDF engine using pre-main-post diesel injection strategy can reduce unburned methane emissions, but yields lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to that using single diesel injection strategy under high engine load conditions due to the advanced combustion phasing. In this study, the combustion phasing of pre-main-post diesel injection strategy is further optimized with the goal to improve the ITE and reduce the GHG and NOx emissions without compromising the unburned methane emissions when compared to single injection strategy. The results reveal that changing pre diesel injection timing gives more controllability of the combustion phasing than changing the main and post diesel injection timing. A more homogenous premixed mixture of pre injected diesel – natural gas – air retards the combustion phasing which allowed further improvement of the ITE and GHG emissions of NDDF engines while maintaining the low unburned methane emissions feature of the pre-main-post injection strategy. It is found that the optimized pre-main-post diesel injection strategy is able to reduce unburned methane, GHG, and NOx emissions by 13.4%, 1.5%, and 42%, respectively, and increase ITE by 0.37% compared to single injection strategy.
Amicus Brief of 83 Legal Ethics Professors in United States v. Varner

This amicus brief, joined by 83 legal ethics professors, supports the Petitioner’s request that the court of appeals refer to Petitioner by the name and pronoun with which Petitioner identifies. The brief argues that judges should be courteous to litigants, and that abiding by litigants’ requests to be addressed in a particular way consistent with their identities is a critical component of courtesy. Further, assuming arguendo that a court’s use of a transgender litigant’s requested name and pronoun signals bias in that litigant’s favor, it is equally true that refusing to use a transgender litigant’s requested name and pronoun, as the court did, signals bias against that litigant.
CO (2-1) Studies of Centaurus A

Using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO), Phillips et al. (1987) detected CO emission from the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A. They reported emission from the dust lane region and showed that the material rotated very much like a disk galaxy imbedded within the larger elliptical system. They also showed that the heliocentric systemic velocity revealed by the CO observations at 547 (± 5) km/s was close to the value of 538 (± 10) km/s found for the elliptical component by Wilkinson et al. (1986).
Cyclothiazide induces robust epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo

Cyclothiazide (CTZ) is a potent blocker of AMPA receptor desensitization. We have recently demonstrated that CTZ also inhibits GABAA receptors. Here we report that CTZ induces robust epileptiform activity in hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. We first found that chronic treatment of hippocampal cultures with CTZ (5 μm, 48 h) results in epileptiform activity in the majority of neurons (80%). The epileptiform activity lasts more than 48 h after washing off CTZ, suggesting a permanent change of the neural network properties after CTZ treatment. We then demonstrated in in vivo recordings that injection of CTZ (5 μmol in 5 μl) into the lateral ventricles of anaesthetized rats also induces spontaneous epileptiform activity in the hippocampal CA1 region. The epileptogenic effect of CTZ is probably due to its enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission as shown by increasing the frequency and decay time of mEPSCs, and simultaneously inhibiting GABAergic neurotransmission by reducing the frequency of mIPSCs. Comparing to a well-known epileptogenic agent kainic acid (KA), CTZ affects neuronal activity mainly through modulating synaptic transmission without significant change of the intrinsic membrane excitability. Unlike KA, which induces significant cell death in hippocampal cultures, CTZ treatment does not result in any apparent neuronal death. Therefore, the CTZ-induced epilepsy model may provide a novel research tool to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of epileptogenesis without any complication from drug-induced cell death. The long-lasting epileptiform activity after CTZ washout may also make it a very useful model in screening antiepileptic drugs.
Improve ranking by using image information

This paper explores the feasibility of including image information embedded in Web pages in relevance computation to improve search performance. In determining the ranking of Web pages against a given query, most (if not all) modern Web search engines consider two kinds of factors: text information (including title, URL, body text, anchor text, etc) and static ranking (e.g. PageRank [1]). Although images have been widely used to help represent Web pages and carry valuable information, little work has been done to take advantage of them in computing the relevance score of a Web page given a query. We propose, in this paper, a framework to contain image information in ranking functions. Preliminary experimental results show that, when image information is used properly, ranking results can be improved.
Science and technology needs for marine fishery habitat restoration

Habitat restoration is the re-establishment of functional attributes of an ecological community or ecosystem to the level of the system that existed prior to a discrete impact or degradation. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Restoration Center (RC) is responsible for restoration of living marine resources (LMR) and their habitats primarily through litigation-related damage settlement monies resulting from oil spills and other contaminant releases, and their community-based partnership funding program. Objectives of the RC are to advance the relevant interdisciplinary sciences and improve and transfer technology in the industry to increase marine habitat restoration success. Restoration generally involves an inter-related series of tasks including resource impact assessment, pre-restoration mapping and monitoring, restoration alternatives analysis, preliminary and final restoration design, regulatory permitting, project construction, post-construction monitoring and success evaluation, and project modification, as needed. The RC is routinely involved in restoration projects which are listed. The focus of this presentation is to identify and discuss current technical issues affecting the cost-effectiveness, timeliness, and degree of success of marine restoration. The RC is both providing suggestions on advancing the relevant sciences and technology, and seeking input from industry, academia, and other governmental agencies to better achieve successful restoration projects. These science and technology advances are also listed.
How we approach an acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patient

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, in addition to variable fever and neurologic and renal dysfunction, without an underlying cause. Recent advances in elucidating the pathophysiology of acquired TTP have led to new testing that we have incorporated into our current management of patients with suspected acquired TTP. Despite these developments, much of the treatment for acquired TTP beyond therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is based on low-quality evidence. Our group has a sustained interest in studying and optimizing the use of TPE, along with other concurrent therapies, in acquired TTP patients. Described herein is a summary of how our apheresis consult service approaches requests for TPE in patients with suspected acquired TTP.
Good mentoring: Fostering excellent practice in higher education

by Jeanne Nakamura and David Shernoff with Charles Hooker, San Francisco, Jossey‐Bass, 2009, ix–xxv + 336 pp., $40.00 (hardcover), ISBN‐10: 0470189630, ISBN‐13: 978‐0470189634 Good mentoring: Foste...
Linear Model Evaluation Based on Estimation of Model Bias

Abstract Model selection criteria often arise by constructing estimators of measures known as expected overall discrepancies. Such measures provide an evaluation of a candidate model by quantifying the disparity between the true model which generated the observed data and the candidate model. However, attention is seldom paid to the problem of accounting for discrepancy estimator variability, or to the companion problem of establishing discrepancy estimators with certain optimality properties. The expected overall Gauss (error sum of squares) discrepancy for a linear model can be decomposed into a term representing the estimation error, due to unknown model coefficients, and a term representing the approximation error, or bias, due to model misspecification. Since the first error term is seen to depend only on model dimension, a known quantity, the problem of estimating the expected overall Gauss discrepancy reduces to the problem of estimating a bias parameter. In this paper, we derive estimators of mode...
Extracellular amylase activities of Rhizomucor pusillus and Humicola lanuginosa at initial stages of growth

Among thermophilic fungi, Rhizomucor Pusillus and Humicola lanuginosa have been reported to be among the most prolific producers of amylase, an apparently heat stable enzyme vital to the incorporation of carbon from macromolecular sources such as starch. Yet the highest levels of extracellular amylase in starch-yeast cultures of these fungi were measured after most of the growth had occurred; pre-growth levels appeared to be very small. Since these low levels are the significant ones for growth, a procedure was devised to measure them: 1.162 x 10(-2) units (mg maltose/ml/min) were measured after two days of growth of R. pusillus and 6.230 x 10(-3) units measured after four days of the slower-growing H. lanuginosa. Re-assays of these after dialysis to remove most of the reducing sugars gave 1.689 x 10(-2) units and 1.234 x 10(-2) units, respectively, with all correlation coefficients 0.96 or better.
Comparison of the natural history of new onset and exacerbated chronic ischemic heart disease

To compare the natural history of patients with new onset ischemic heart disease with that of patients with exacerbations of chronic ischemic heart disease, short- and long-term outcomes of 3,465 emergency room patients with acute ischemic heart disease at four community and three university hospitals were evaluated. Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 598 (33%) of the 1,835 patients with a prior history of infarction or angina and 934 (57%) of the 1,630 without such a history (p less than 0.001). Patients with new onset ischemic heart disease with acute myocardial infarction were more likely than patients with infarction and exacerbated chronic ischemic heart disease to have Q wave infarction (57% versus 36%) and to receive thrombolytic therapy (11% versus 5%); they also had higher maximal creatine kinase levels (1,088 +/- 1,299 versus 733 +/- 906 U/liter) (p less than 0.0001 for all three). After adjustment for differences in clinical presentation and initial triage, patients with new onset ischemic heart disease with acute myocardial infarction were less likely than the comparison group to have congestive complications (odds ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.84, p less than 0.01) but not less likely to have arrhythmic, ischemic or overall complications. Among patients with angina without acute myocardial infarction, patients with new onset ischemic heart disease were less likely to have recurrent ischemic pain and congestive heart failure. In multivariate analysis of long-term follow-up data on 457 patients from one hospital, patients with new onset ischemic heart disease had better cardiovascular survival rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevention and management of cerebrospinal fluid leak following vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is reported in 2% to 30% of cases following vestibular schwannoma surgery. The authors' current surgical techniques for translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid transmeatal, and middle cranial fossa approaches have evolved from analysis of their prior experience in an effort to minimize their complication rate. The authors evaluated the efficacy of their current surgical technique in decreasing the postoperative CSF leak rate. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: The vestibular schwannoma database from the New York University Medical Center (New York, NY) neurotological service was reviewed. Data were extracted for type of approach, tumor size, and CSF leak rate. Liberal leak criteria were used. Surgical techniques and management of CSF leak were reviewed. Results: Data from 215 patients who had surgery from 1995 to 2000 manifested a 6.6% CSF leak rate for primary surgeries. This compared favorably with the authors' 17% overall CSF leak rate in 555 total primary surgeries performed between 1979 and 1995. Translabyrinthine closure was performed with dural sutures used as a sling across the posterior fossa dura and abdominal fat placed as a series of corks through the sutures. Abdominal fat was used to obliterate the mastoid cavity in conjunction with aditus and mastoid obliteration. Attention must be paid to soft tissue obliteration of potentially open air cell tracts. Retrosigmoid transmeatal closure was performed with a soft tissue graft in the internal auditory canal drill-out held in position by a saloon-door dural flap. Bone wax was used to block perimeatal cells in all cases. Watertight dural closure was achieved with a sutured temporalis fascia graft. Abdominal fat obliteration of the mastoidectomy cavity was performed with an additional firm pressure from the Palva periosteal flap. Middle cranial fossa closure was performed with attention to potential air cell tracts of the internal auditory canal drill-out, as well as abdominal fat graft, tissue glue, and bone wax. Fibrin glue was used in all approaches to temporarily secure fat in situ. Management of CSF leaks starts with nonoperative measures including bed rest, oversewing of incisional wounds, and placement of a lumbar subarachnoid spinal fluid diversion drain. If these conservative measures fail, repeat exploration is necessary and is directed at identifying and corking the cell or cells (usually perimeatal or perilabyrinthine) opening directly into the posterior fossa. Conclusion: Evolution in surgical techniques, with particular attention to exposed air cell tracts, abdominal fat graft, and Palva periosteal flap for closure, has had a significant effect in decreasing the author's CSF leak rate after vestibular schwannoma surgery. Conservative management was successful in approximately 50% of cases. Repeat exploration, when needed, was directed at blocking the air cell tract (usually perimeatal or perilabyrinthine) responsible for the CSF leak.
Validation of multivariate response models using Hotelling's two-sample T2 test:

A procedure is given for using Hotelling's two-sample T2 test to test the validity with respect to the mean behavior of a multivariate response simulation model that represents an observable system. A tradeoff analysis can be made to help the modeler decide on a data collection method and budget, the number of observations to collect, and suitable model builder's and user's risk levels for testing the validity under a given set of experimental conditions. A model of an M/M/1 queuing system with two performance measures serves as an example for the validation procedure.