cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Japan's 1990 general election: explaining the historic socialist victory

Abstract In the general election of February 1990 the conservative Liberal Democratic Party retained power under seemingly the worst possible circumstances, thus perpetuating the idea of its invulnerability and the idea that the Japan Socialist Party can never win. In fact, the conservatives rebounded from a series of defeats in 1989 and might have been defeated in a general election in that year. By the 1990 election, however, the window of opportunity had passed for the JSP. Nevertheless, the most important result of the election was not the conservative victory but the ability of the Socialists to draw most of the anti-conservative protest vote under its own banner. The current situation contains a significant potential for change.
The piezoelectric pulse sensor device: a prospective evaluation.

The goal of this prospective study of the piezoelectric pulse sensor device was to determine its technical applications and its ability to detect lower extremity occlusive arterial disease. Ten extremities (five volunteers) were evaluated to assess the ability to place the sensor in the correct anatomic position on a foot without a palpable pulse during cuff occlusion so that pulsatile flow would be detected following cuff deflation; its sensitivity as an end-point detector for pulsatile perfusion; and whether there is a linear qualitative pulse wave response with increasing perfusion pressures. Forty extremities (20 patients) with suspected occlusive arterial disease were studied to evaluate its capability of detecting perfusion as compared with the presence of a palpable pulse, an audible Doppler signal, and a foot volume waveform. The placement of the sensor on 10 normal limbs with temporary arterial occlusion resulted in a recordable waveform following cuff deflation in 100% of the dorsalis pedis arteries and in 10% of the posterior tibial arteries. The piezoelectric pulse sensor was as sensitive for detecting pulsatile perfusion as an audible Doppler signal and demonstrated a linear change in the waveform's amplitude and shape with incremental changes in perfusion pressure. In the 40-extremities with ankle/brachial indices ranging from 0.00 to 1.35, there was uniform agreement between pulse volume and Pulse Check waveforms. The piezoelectric pulse sensor is a sensitive method for monitoring lower extremity arterial perfusion when supplied by the dorsalis pedis artery; however, it is inadequate for the posterior tibial artery. This may be useful in monitoring revascularization procedures in the immediate postoperative period or monitoring the hemodynamic effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.
Studies of the coupling of final d*-states in mixed Hf and Ti oxides (HfO2)x(TiOx)1-x and other complex oxides

Abstract X-ray absorption spectroscopy and vacuum ultra-violet spectroscopic ellipsometry are used to study the electronic structure of complex oxides comprised of mixed TM/TM and TM/RE oxides. Experimental spectra for HfTiO 4 and Gd(Dy)ScO 3 indicate multiple d-state features in the O K 1 edge. These are compared with the empirical models for atomic d-state mixing. It is concluded that a mean field, virtual alloy model does not apply, and that the effects associated with the differences in atomic coordination and deviations from ideal octahedral or cubic bonding play a determinant role in d-state atom mixing. The results are applied band edge engineering options for high- k dielectric applications.
SOFT ROCK TUNNELING CONDITIONS AND CONCERNS IN DOWNTOWN MINNEAPOLIS

Favorable geologic conditions have encouraged the use of small diameter tunnels for sewers and other utilities in the Minneapolis, Minnesota area since the mid-1800's. Recently, continued urban development of the downtown area has prompted consideration of larger underground openings for projects such as a light rail system. However, while the geologic conditions are generally favorable, they vary across the metropolitan area, and a number of tunneling problems have been encountered, including cave-ins and large water inflows. As part of a preliminary tunnel design, an evaluation of subsurface conditions of downtown Minneapolis and the area to the immediate south was undertaken and is reported in this paper. The evaluation integrated literature from previous tunneling experience in the area, previous geologic evaluations, and recent geotechnical investigations. These data were used to identify tunnel support concerns and requirements over the downtown area for larger excavations using basic rock mechanics principles and analyses. (A) This paper was presented at the 34th U.S. Symposium on rock mechanics, 27-30 June 1993, University of Wisconsin-Madison. For the covering abstract see IRRD 863389.
The Reorientation of American Protestantism, 1835–1845

In March 1835 Charles Finney told a gathering in New York City: “If the church will do all her duty, the millennium may come in this country in three years.” This statement has often served as an epigram for the era, the motto of that movement for revivalism and social reform that, having already swept the churches, was to so infuse the culture with its moral imperatives as to make a Civil War against slavery inevitable and the hegemony of evangelical Protestantism secure. On this reading Finney's declaration marks the midpoint in a story of triumph—triumph for revival religion, and triumph for a nation that aspired to righteousness.
Void–free Au–Sn eutectic bonding of GaAs dice and its characterization using scanning acoustic microscopy

A new technique to produce perfect bonding between GaAs dice and alumina substrates is reported. Utilizing this technique, void-free bondings have been achieved consistently. The quality of the bonded devices is confirmed by a Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) having a spatial resolution of 25 µm. Thermal cycling between -25° C and 125° C, and thermal shock between -196° C and 135° C, have been used to assess the reliability of the specimens. The SAM was used to study the variation of the bonds in the tests. After the tests, the bonds show no sign of degradation and the GaAs dice did not crack. Shear test has also been performed. All the well bonded specimens passed the shear test. The shear strength correlated very well with the SAM images of the specimens taken before the test.
MIND OVER MEAD: COLLINS' THEORY OF THOUGHT

In his Neo-Meadian article, Collins has offered a number of highly tenable and even testable notions that extend central Meadian concepts. He proposes, for instance, that in theorizing thought we should “take seriously the conception of internalized conversation’’ and, further, that “what we think about is a reflection of what we talk about with other people (or what we communicate with them on paper).” I should basically like to applaud such a stance and offer two simple extensions, both intended to elaborate the main discussion on the microsociology of language and cognition. One proposal is to suggest that if we think about what we talk about, the reverse may well also be true; namely that talk can reasonably be assumed to give some direct handle on the hidden process of thought itself. That is to say that while we may not say aLl we think nor even have consciously thought out all we say, what we say and, more specifically, how the micromoments of talk’s production unfold in interaction may, in distinctly observable ways, locate certain thought processes in action. My second proposal is more speculative. It will be best explored later in this short article but, briefly, I shall want to suggest that thought processes are themselves part of interactive and real-time realization. Whether in external or internal dialogue, my thoughts on a particular subject, person, decision, or even fantasy are not now what they were a day or week or year ago. Fundamental aspects of sociation have changed them and continue to do so. My thoughts, in Meadian terms, are social. I may hold the same opinion, plan the same activity, or wish certain events might or might not happen, but my views on themin Garfinkel’s world of indexicality and reflexivity-are forever changing relative to each other along a distinctly forward-moving trajectory. Moreover, my internal sense of what I believe, plan, or wish has emerged in just that Meadian process of internal conversation and rehearsal that Collins has highlighted. Let me return to these points shortly. First, it will be useful to examine and critique a set of issues basic both to Collins’ discussion and to the traditions on which he has chosen to build. My focus here will be on what I see as the perils of ritual or, more precisely, the analytic if convenient cul de sac that overdependence on ritual or routine behavior can create.
Randomized controlled trial comparing esophageal dilation to no dilation among adults with esophageal eosinophilia and dysphagia

Summary The role of esophageal dilation in patients with esophageal eosinophilia with dysphagia remains unknown. The practice of dilation is currently based on center preferences and expert opinion. The aim of this study is to determine if, and to what extent, dysphagia improves in response to initial esophageal dilation followed by standard medical therapies. We conducted a randomized, blinded, controlled trial evaluating adult patients with dysphagia and newly diagnosed esophageal eosinophilia from 2008 to 2013. Patients were randomized to dilation or no dilation at time of endoscopy and blinded to dilation status. Endoscopic features were graded as major and minor. Subsequent to randomization and endoscopy, all patients received fluticasone and dexlansoprazole for 2 months. The primary study outcome was reduction in overall dysphagia score, assessed at 30 and 60 days post-intervention. Patients with severe strictures (less than 7-mm esophageal diameter) were excluded from the study. Thirty-one patients were randomized and completed the protocol: 17 randomized to dilation and 14 to no dilation. Both groups were similar with regard to gender, age, eosinophil density, endoscopic score, and baseline dysphagia score. The population exhibited moderate to severe dysphagia and moderate esophageal stricturing at baseline. Overall, there was a significant (P < 0.001) but similar reduction in mean dysphagia score at 30 and 60 days post-randomization compared with baseline in both groups. No significant difference in dysphagia scores between treatment groups after 30 (P = 0.93) or 60 (P = 0.21) days post-intervention was observed. Esophageal dilation did not result in additional improvement in dysphagia score compared with treatment with proton pump inhibitor and fluticasone alone. In patients with symptomatic esophageal eosinophilia without severe stricture, dilation does not appear to be a necessary initial treatment strategy.
Lossless progressive transmission of scientific data using biorthogonal wavelet transform

A new progressive transmission scheme using spline biorthogonal wavelet bases is proposed in this paper. First, several wavelet bases are compared with the spline biorthogonal wavelet bases. By exploiting the properties of this set of wavelet bases, a fast algorithm involving only additions and subtractions is developed. Due to the multiresolutional nature of the wavelet transform, this scheme is compatible with hierarchical-structured rendering algorithms. The formula for reconstructing the functional values in a continuous volume space is given in a simple polynomial form. Lossless compression is possible, even when using floating-point numbers. When the algorithm is applied to data from a global ocean model, the lossless compression ratio is about 1.5:1. Even with a compression ratio of 50:1, the reconstructed data is still of good quality. Finally, the reconstructed data is rendered using various visualization algorithms and the results are demonstrated. >
The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI)

The present manuscript is an empirically based theoretical paper that presents, describes, and examines the Bar-On Model of Emotional-Social Intelligence (ESI) in deep. First, a description of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (the EQ-i), which has played an instrumental role in developing the model, is given. The EQ-i is a self-report measure of emotionally and socially intelligent behaviour. It has been translated into more than 30 languages, and data have been collected around the world. The impact of age, gender, and ethnicity on the Bar-On model is presented. A description of the model's construct and predictive validity is given. Finally, the author summarizes the key points, discusses the limitations of the model, and raises the ideas for developing a future model of ESI.
The Filamentous Growth MAPK Pathway Responds to Glucose Starvation Through the Mig1/2 Transcriptional Repressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, nutrient limitation induces a MAPK pathway that regulates filamentous growth and biofilm/mat formation. How nutrient levels feed into the regulation of the filamentous growth pathway is not entirely clear. We characterized a newly identified MAPK regulatory protein of the filamentous growth pathway, Opy2. A two-hybrid screen with the cytosolic domain of Opy2 uncovered new interacting partners including a transcriptional repressor that functions in the AMPK pathway, Mig1, and its close functional homolog, Mig2. Mig1 and Mig2 coregulated the filamentous growth pathway in response to glucose limitation, as did the AMP kinase Snf1. In addition to associating with Opy2, Mig1 and Mig2 interacted with other regulators of the filamentous growth pathway including the cytosolic domain of the signaling mucin Msb2, the MAP kinase kinase Ste7, and the MAP kinase Kss1. As for Opy2, Mig1 overproduction dampened the pheromone response pathway, which implicates Mig1 and Opy2 as potential regulators of pathway specificity. Taken together, our findings provide the first regulatory link in yeast between components of the AMPK pathway and a MAPK pathway that controls cellular differentiation.
Analytical modeling of electrostatic membrane actuator for micro pumps

A large class of micro pumps consists of a cavity in a substrate, a diaphragm that seals the cavity, and inlets and outlets for the cavity which are controlled by valves. The cavity is initially filled with a fluid. The diaphragm is then actuated by a voltage between the diaphragm and the cavity door to compress the fluid. When the pressure exceeds a certain value, the fluid is expelled. During actuation, the electrostatic attractive force of the substrate and the pressure rise in the fluid lead to the bending and stretching of the diaphragm. Thus, the prediction of the pump performance (e.g., fluid pressure, diaphragm stresses) requires the solution of a coupled nonlinear elasto-electro-hydrodynamic problem. In this paper, a simplified analytical model is developed to predict the state of an electrostatically actuated micro pump at equilibrium. The state includes the deformed shape and the internal stresses of the diaphragm and the pressure of the fluid when the actuator is subjected to a given applied dc voltage. The model is based on the minimization of the total energy consisting of the capacitive energy, the strain energy of the diaphragm, and the energy of the fluid which is considered to be an ideal gas. The method is employed to study two pumps, one with an axisymmetric single cavity, and the other with an axisymmetric annular cavity (a cavity with an island in the middle). In the former case, upon actuation, the diaphragm contacts the cavity door from the outer periphery. Thus, energy is a function of the radius of the contact front, and equilibrium configuration is achieved at a radius where the derivative of the energy with respect to the radius vanishes. In the latter case, upon actuation, the diaphragm contacts the cavity from both of the inner and the outer peripheries. Here, equilibrium is reached when the derivatives of the energy with respect to the radii of both of the inner and outer periphery contact points vanish. It is expected that most practical pumps can be analyzed by one of the two formulations presented in the paper. Our analyses of both pumps indicate that the pressure of the gas at equilibrium increases only slightly when the stiffness of the diaphragm is increased, whereas it changes nearly inversely with the thickness of the dielectric between the diaphragm electrode and the cavity floor. Also, as expected, the pressure increases as the initial volume of the cavity (i.e., the volume of the gas to be compressed) is decreased. Furthermore, we find that the calculated stresses in the diaphragm do not exceed the typical yield stress values of many glassy polymers, a candidate material for the diaphragm. Therefore, the assumption of a linear elastic diaphragm employed in the proposed model does not put a limitation on the predictions. Dielectric breakdown may be a limiting factor for the maximum attainable pressure rather than the mechanical strength of the diaphragm material. Although stresses are low, they may be severe enough to cause delamination between different layers in the diaphragm, too.
A mathematical model to describe drug release from thin topical applications

Summary Release of a thin topical application of a drug is modeled by transient diffusion between the application, the underlying stratum corneum, and a receptor. Cases treated include sudden contact of the application with drug-free stratum corneum, and initially equilibrated application and stratum comeum. The method of solution is the numerical inversion of the analytic Laplace Transform of the exact solution, which has speed, accuracy and convenience advantages over classical analytical or numerical methods for coupled linear partial differential equations. The algorithm for long-time solutions in the time domain is also found, although this has no computational advantage over the direct numerical transform inversion.
Further results on coding for T-user multiple-access channels (Corresp.)

Coding schemes for the noiseless T -user binary adder multiple-access channel are discussed. A class of uniquely decodable codes of arbitrary length satisfying a specific recursive relationship and which are asymptotically good is explicitly constructed.
Ludic and liminoid aspects of charter yacht tourism in the Caribbean

Abstract The behavior of charter yacht tourists in the British Virgin Islands can be viewed as a symbolic expression and an inversion of the central sexual and social ideologies of the tourists' home culture. The paper analyses the behavior as a form of play, following Huizinga and Norbeck, and in terms of liminality and communitas, following Victor Turner. The conspicuously “anti-structural” mores and behavior allow the tourists licensed suspension of everyday rules, while reinforcing the latter. The tourists' image of the Caribbean as a sensual playground and the hosts' image of the tourists as self-centered and frivolous are established and perpetuated in this liminoid context.
Neural activity during social signal perception correlates with self-reported empathy

Empathy is an important component of human relationships, yet the neural mechanisms that facilitate empathy are unclear. The broad construct of empathy incorporates both cognitive and affective components. Cognitive empathy includes mentalizing skills such as perspective-taking. Affective empathy consists of the affect produced in response to someone else's emotional state, a process which is facilitated by simulation or "mirroring." Prior evidence shows that mentalizing tasks engage a neural network which includes the temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus, and medial prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, simulation tasks engage the fronto-parietal mirror neuron system (MNS) which includes the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the somotosensory related cortex (SRC). Here, we tested whether neural activity in these two neural networks was related to self-reports of cognitive and affective empathy in daily life. Participants viewed social scenes in which the shift of direction of attention of a character did or did not change the character's mental and emotional state. As expected, the task robustly activated both mentalizing and MNS networks. We found that when detecting the character's change in mental and emotional state, neural activity in both networks is strongly related to cognitive empathy. Specifically, neural activity in the IFG, SRC, and STS were related to cognitive empathy. Activity in the precentral gyrus was related to affective empathy. The findings suggest that both simulation and mentalizing networks contribute to multiple components of empathy.
Update on Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are best classified as typical or atypical. The distinction is based solely on their ability to cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The two classes differ in mechanism of action, with atypical APDs providing important modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission. TD increases the death rate and can be minimized by limiting use of typical APDs. Clozapine is unique among the atypical APDs in its efficacy for ameliorating psychosis in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), for reduction of suicide, and for improving longevity. The typical and atypical APDs do not differ in improving psychopathology in non-TRS. The atypicals vary in metabolic side effects: some have little burden. Cognitive benefits of the atypical APDs may be superior for some domains of cognition and require less use of anticholinergic drugs, which impair memory, for treatment of EPS. Overall, choosing among the atypical APDs as first-line treatment represent...
What Is Transplant Immunology and Why Are Allografts Rejected

This chapter focuses on how a transplanted organ is recognized by the recipient’s immune system and how an allograft is rejected. It is important to understand fundamentals of immunology in order to better apply immunosuppressive strategies. Understanding how the recipient immune system recognizes the donor organ will also make it apparent to the reader that there are “holes” in our current immunosuppressive therapy. Many basic science laboratories are working to fill the “holes” and new immunosuppressive approaches are likely to be available in the future. While the focus of this chapter is on kidney transplant rejection, basic immunologic mechanisms of rejection are similar between all transplanted organs. Chapter 9 describes the optimal prescription of immunosuppressive medications.
Experimental Optic Neuritis Induced by a Demyelinating Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus

Optic neuritis (ON), an inflammatory demyelinating optic nerve disease, occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS). Pathological mechanisms and potential treatments for ON have been studied via experimental autoimmune MS models. However, evidence suggests that virus-induced inflammation is a likely etiology triggering MS and ON; experimental virus-induced ON models are therefore required. We demonstrate that MHV-A59, a mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain that causes brain and spinal cord inflammation and demyelination, induces ON by promoting mixed inflammatory cell infiltration. In contrast, MHV-2, a nondemyelinating MHV strain, does not induce ON. Results reveal a reproducible virus-induced ON model important for the evaluation of novel therapies.
FeedEx: collaborative exchange of news feeds

As most blogs and traditional media support RSS or Atom feeds, the news feed technology becomes increasingly prevalent. Taking advantage of ubiquitous news feeds, we design FeedEx, a news feed exchange system. Forming a distribution overlay network, nodes in FeedEx not only fetch feed documents from the servers but also exchange them with neighbors. Among many benefits of collaborative feed exchange, we focus on the low-overhead, scalable delivery mechanism that increases the availability of news feeds. Our design of FeedEx is incentive-compatible so that nodes are encouraged into cooperating rather than free riding. In addition, for a better design of FeedEx, we analyze the data collected from 245 feeds for 10 days and present relevant statistics about news feed publishing, including the distributions of feed size, entry lifetime, and publishing rate.Our experimental evaluation using 189 PlanetLab machines, which fetch from real-world feed servers, shows that FeedEx is an efficient system in many respects. Even when a node fetches feed documents as infrequently as every 16 hours, it captures more than 90% of the total entries published, and those captured entries are available within 22 minutes on average after published at the servers. By contrast, stand-alone applications in the same condition show 36% of entry coverage and 5.7 hours of time lag. The efficient delivery of FeedEx is achieved with low communication overhead as each node receives only 0.9 document exchange calls and 6.3 document checking calls per minute on average.
MSeqGen: object-oriented unit-test generation via mining source code

An objective of unit testing is to achieve high structural coverage of the code under test. Achieving high structural overage of object-oriented code requires desirable method-call sequences that create and mutate objects. These sequences help generate target object states such as argument or receiver object states (in short as target states) of a method under test. Automatic generation of sequences for achieving target states is often challenging due to a large search space of possible sequences. On the other hand, code bases using object types (such as receiver or argument object types) include sequences that can be used to assist automatic test-generation approaches in achieving target states. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called MSeqGen, that mines code bases and extracts sequences related to receiver or argument object types of a method under test. Our approach uses these extracted sequences to enhance two state-of-the-art test-generation approaches: random testing and dynamic symbolic execution. We conduct two evaluations to show the effectiveness of our approach. Using sequences extracted by our approach, we show that a random testing approach achieves 8.7% (with a maximum of 20.0% for one namespace) higher branch coverage and a dynamic-symbolic-execution-based approach achieves 17.4% (with a maximum of 22.5% for one namespace) higher branch coverage than without using our approach. Such an improvement is significant as the branches that are not covered by these state-of-the-art approaches are generally quite difficult to cover.
Comparisons of catalytic selectivity of cytochrome P450 subfamily enzymes from different species.

Historically there has been considerable interest in comparing patterns of biotransformation of xenobiotic chemicals in experimental animal models and humans, e.g. in areas such as drug metabolism and chemical carcinogenesis. With the availability of more basic knowledge it has become possible to attribute the oxidation of selected chemicals to individual cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in animals and humans. Further, these P450s can be characterized by their classification into distinct subfamilies, which are defined as having > 59% amino acid sequence identity. Questions arise about how similar these enzymes are with regard to structure and function. More practically, how much can be predicted about reaction specificity and catalysis? In order to address these issues, we need to consider not only the relatedness of P450s from different species but also (i) functional similarity within P450 subfamilies and (ii) the effects of small changes imposed by site-directed mutagenesis. Relationships in the P450 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 3A, and 17A subfamilies are briefly reviewed. Overall functional similarity is generally seen in subfamily enzymes but many examples exist of important changes in catalysis due to very small differences, even a single conservative amino acid substitution. Some general conclusions are presented about predictability within various P450 subfamilies.
A cross-cultural examination of preschool teacher cognitions and responses to child aggression

The associations among preschool teachers’ attributions about child responsibility, intentionality, knowledge, and the seriousness of hypothetical displays of children’s aggressive behavior are examined in United States (N = 82) and Vietnamese (N = 91) preschool teachers. The results suggest cross-cultural differences as well as similarities in the relations among preschool teachers’ cognitions, affect, and disapproval of physical aggression. Teachers’ perceptions of the seriousness of and their negative affective responses to aggression, but not their beliefs about intent, predict teacher disapproval for both Vietnamese and US samples. Cross-cultural comparisons indicate in general US teachers express more negative attributions about, and Vietnamese teachers endorse more disapproval of, child aggression. Although the overall cognitive model is consistent across cultures, cross-cultural differences are found on teacher perception and responses to child aggression. It is important to consider such group di...
Fundamental limits of material toughening in molecularly confined polymers

The exceptional mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites are achieved through intimate mixing of the polymer and inorganic phases, which leads to spatial confinement of the polymer phase. In this study we probe the mechanical and fracture properties of polymers in the extreme limits of molecular confinement, where a stiff inorganic phase confines the polymer chains to dimensions far smaller than their bulk radius of gyration. We show that polymers confined at molecular length scales dissipate energy through a confinement-induced molecular bridging mechanism that is distinct from existing entanglement-based theories of polymer deformation and fracture. We demonstrate that the toughening is controlled by the molecular size and the degree of confinement, but is ultimately limited by the strength of individual molecules.
Lanthanide and asymmetric catalyzed syntheses of sterically hindered 4-isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines and 4-isoxazolyl-quinolones.

Abstract The Ytterbium (III) triflate catalyzed Hantzsch synthesis allows for the preparation of sterically hindered 4-isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines in moderate to good yields. Asymmetric organocatalysis with (R)-4-Oxo-2,6-bis-(2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenyl)-3,5-dioxa-4l5-phospha-cyclohepta[2,1-a;3,4-a’]dinaphthalen-4-ol (R-TRIP) produces moderate yields of chiral 4-isoxazolyl-quinolones with high enantioselectivity.
Pre‐conditioning angle stack input for joint PP‐PS inversion

We present a workflow for pre-conditioning convertedwave (PS) and P-wave (PP) angle stacks prior to joint inversion. The process includes the following steps in order to improve the resolution of PS data and the registration of PP and PS reflections: 1) bandwidth enhancement of the far-angle data via Qand waveletstretch compensation, 2) native-domain (PP and PS) AVA inversions or attribute calculations, and 3) interval VP/VS derived from the initial inversion passes is used to further refine data alignment prior to final joint inversion. Examples using data from current project work are shown.
‘A face, a name, a story’: Women's identities as life stories in Alina Marazzi's cinema

ABSTRACTAlina Marazzi is a young Italian director who is charting a new trajectory for Italian documentaries. In Un'ora sola ti vorrei/For One More Hour with You (2002) Marazzi reconstructs—through family home videos, letters, diaries and medical reports—the fragile figure of her mother, who committed suicide when Alina was 7. Marazzi's work of mourning recomposes the fragments of a life into a cathartic ensemble. In her second documentary, Per Sempre/Forever (2005), the director depicts the faith and the doubts of the monastic vocation through her portraits of nuns and novices enclosed in various Italian convents. Finally, in the last chapter of her trilogy, Vogliamo anche le rose/We Want Roses Too (2007), Marazzi recreates a map—from the 1950s to the 1970s—of the previous generations of Italian women, facing new roles, new rights (abortion, divorce) and the discovery of sexuality. Focusing on inner psychic landscapes as well as on the public sphere, Marazzi composes a cinematic collage of words and imag...
Agent Autonomy and Local Context in the Management of International Development Agencies

This paper shows that giving greater autonomy to agents in the field improves the success of international development projects undertaken by donor agencies (e.g. the World Bank, USAID), with increasing returns to autonomy in fragile states and in project domains where it is more difficult to externally observe outcomes (e.g. democratic participation projects as opposed to road construction projects). This work uses regression analysis of a novel dataset composed of evaluations of over 14000 projects from nine international development organizations, using self‐evaluated project outcomes as a measure of success, the state fragility index as a measure of state fragility, and both expert surveys and a measure constructed from organization‐level responses to Paris Declaration monitoring surveys as measures of agent autonomy. In addition to shedding light regarding important facets of the development outcome production process, this work suggests that bureaucratic delivery channels have an important role to p...
Accurate ab Initio Thermal Rate Constants for Reaction of O(3P) with H2 and Isotopic Analogues

Semiclassical transition state theory, in combination with high accuracy quantum chemistry, is used to compute thermal rate constants from first principles for the O(3P) + H2 reaction and its isotopic counterparts. In the temperature regime of 298–3500 K (which spans 8 orders of magnitude for rate constants), our theoretical results are in excellent agreement (within 5–15%) with all available experimental data from 298 to 2500 K but are somewhat too low (from 15 to 35%) at higher temperatures. Several possible reasons that might cause the degradation at high temperatures are discussed. Vibrational state-selected rate constants and their correlations with normal thermal rate constant are derived and are given in the Supporting Information.
Mammographic Density and Lobular Involution in Older Women with Abnormal Breast Imaging.

Mammographic density has been established as an independent risk factor for breast cancer, and there is data to suggest that the degree of lobular involution in the breast tissue may also function as an independent risk factor for the disease. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between mammographic density and lobular involution in a population of mature women undergoing open biopsy for non-palpable breast lesions.A total of 199 women over the age of 60 who underwent breast biopsy with image-guided localization in 2008 at NYU Langone Medical Center formed the study population. Variables of interest included age, breast density, degree of involution, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and biopsy histology (invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma and intraductal carcinoma vs. benign). Breast density was categorized according to BI-RADS classification as less dense (predominantly fatty and scattered fibroglandular elements) vs more dense (heterogeneously dense and extrememely dense). Degree of involution was classified as none (0%), partial (1-74%) and complete (>75%). All specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist who used the criteria of Hartmann, et al in evaluating degree of involution. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson9s Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses.In agreement with our previously presented data, we found an inverse relationship between breast density and age (p=0.02). In our cohort of women over 60 with abnormal breast imaging, we found a trend toward an inverse relationship between age and degree of lobular involution, but this did not achieve statistical significance. 129 of our patients had biopsies yielding malignant histology. There was no significant relationship between degree of lobular involution and biopsy histology. Use of HRT did not correlate with breast density in our cohort. There was no discernable relationship between degree of involution and history of prior or current HRT use.Our study reinforces the general observation that breast density decreases with age. Our data do not permit us to comment on the validity of lobular involution as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, the degree of lobular involution did not predict malignant histology in our cohort. There was a trend toward an inverse relationship between mammographic density and lobular involution. This observation suggests that other factors such as stromal features may be responsible for the increased mammographic density in these older patients. Further study is warranted to better understand the significance of lobular involution and its relationship with mammographic density in all age groups of women undergoing breast cancer screening. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6072.
STUDY OF SULFUR DEPOSITION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION OF SOUR GAS FIELDS

In the process of developing sour gas well, the solubility of sulfur is reduced and separated out elemental sulfur with the fall of reservoir pressure. The deposition of elemental sulfur in pores reduces the permeability of gas reservoir, even causes sulfur block. Based on analysis of elemental sulfur deposition mechanism and theory of gas stable flow, a new model for forecasting sulfur deposition has been founded. By the model, the characteristic and law of the elemental sulfur deposition is predicted in the early phase of producing sour gas, and the deposition law for different productivity of gas can be analyzed. On the basis of these facts, logical producing rate can be selected and harmful influence of sulfur deposition on the productivity can be prevented.
Analysis of Causes of Substation Cable Cleat Swelling and Cracking

Through knowing the installation and operation situation,and testing of macroanalysis,chemical constitution,mechanical properties,metallographic analysis,fractography of scanning electron microscope,ect,the causes of equipment cable cleat's swelling-cracking have been analyzed and found out.The paper,moreover,put forward some advice and methods for preventing such cable cleat's swelling and cracking.
Use of the ENSEAL® G2 tissue sealer in gynecologic surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become the standard of care for a variety of surgical conditions, and reliable vessel sealing and precise cutting are essential. A variety of tissue-sealing devices have been used successfully to decrease operating time and control bleeding during hysterectomy and other MIS gynecologic procedures. One development involves the next generation of advanced bipolar devices by ETHICON (Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc., Cincinnati, OH), called ENSEAL® G2 Tissue Sealers. Tip improvements to the ENSEAL® have included stronger jaws and a welded positive electrode in the stationary jaw, thus enabling the new ENSEAL® G2 Tissue Sealer to provide reliable vessel sealing and precise cutting all in the same instrument. The patented I-BLADE® forces the jaws of the device together as it advances, resulting in high, uniform compression along the entire length of the jaws. The temperature-regulating Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) material in the jaws is designed to minimize sticking, and the offset electrode configuration is designed to minimize thermal spread. The ergonomics provided by the ENSEAL® G2 Tissue Sealer offer significant improvement over previous devices and may make this a much more cost-effective choice for benign gynecologic procedures.
Low absorption chlorinated liquid crystals for infrared applications

We report a wide nematic range and low absorption loss chlorinated liquid crystal mixture, designated as IR-M2, for mid-wave infrared applications. IR-M2 is quite transparent in the 3.8-5.0 μm window while keeping a high birefringence (Δn~0.194) in the infrared region and a modest dielectric anisotropy. For long-wave infrared applications, we propose another high Δn chlorinated cyanoterphenyl compound.
T-Antigen Expression Causes Macrothrombocytopenia and Extensive Hemophagocytosis in Mice Lacking the Sialyltransferase ST3Gal-I Specifically in Megakaryocytes

Changes in glycans expression have been associated with defects in blood platelet counts. However, the role of posttranslational modifications on platelet production is poorly understood. Six genes encoding sialyltransferases (ST)3Gal-I to -VI that form a2-3 sialic acid linkage have been identified in the mammalian genome, and deletion of St3gal1 and St3gal4 genes has been associated with macrothrombocytopenia in mice. We and others have shown previously that St3gal4-null platelets are cleared by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor. Loss of ST3Gal-I activity has been associated with core 1 O-glycan Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr expression, also known as tumor-associated or Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T antigen). We here investigated the detailed mechanisms of macrothrombocytopenia associated with St3gal1 deficiency by generating St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice that lack ST3Gal-I specifically in the megakaryocyte (MK) lineage. Blood platelet counts were reduced by ~50% in St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice, compared to control mice. Other blood cell counts were normal in St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice. The clearance rate of St3gal1-null platelets was increased by ~15%, as determined by in vivo platelet biotinylation. Bone marrow MK numbers were normal in St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice, compared to control mice, indicating that mechanisms other than clearance regulate circulating platelet counts in St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice. Both St3gal1loxP/PF4+ platelets and bone marrow MKs had increased T antigen expression, as evidenced by flow cytometry using peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding. St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice had increased bone marrow macrophage numbers, as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry using the macrophage marker F4/80. Macrophages in St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice had increased expression of CD68 (macrosialin), as determined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, indicative of an activated macrophage state. Consistently, St3gal1loxP/PF4+ bone marrow smears stained with May-Grunwald/Giemsa revealed increased hemophagocytosis. Macrophage ablation by in vivo injection of clodronate-encapsulated liposomes normalized blood platelet counts and size, and significantly reduced the numbers of activated macrophages in St3gal1loxP/PF4+ mice. Together, our data indicates that platelet production in the bone marrow is reliant on correct glycosylation on MK surface proteins and that the intimate interaction between MKs and macrophages play an important role in regulating platelet production and bone marrow homeostasis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Asynchronous Non-Bayesian Learning in the Presence of Crash Failures

This paper addresses the problem of non-Bayesian learning in multi-agent networks, where agents repeatedly collect local observations about an unknown state of the world, and try to collaboratively detect the true state through information exchange. We focus on the impact of failures and asynchrony – two fundamental factors in distributed systems – on the performance of consensus-based non-Bayesian learning. In particular, we assume the networked agents may suffer crash faults, and messages delay can be arbitrarily long but finite.
mTOR Activation Is Necessary for Primary AML Cells to Survive Genotoxic Stress.

Abstract The signaling pathways that regulate the survival of AML cells and whether those pathways can be targeted therapeutically are still poorly defined. We have previously demonstrated that AML cells require PI3 kinase activation for survival but clinical targeting of PI3 kinase itself is not currently feasible. Therefore, we have chosen to study the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein in the survival of leukemic cells. mTOR mediates the effects of PI3 kinase and can be inhibited by the immunosuppressant, rapamycin. For these studies, patient samples were collected from patients seen at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and we selected samples with greater than 75% blast cells for analysis. Here we show that mTOR is activated in over 90% of patient samples examined as shown by constitutive phosphorylation of the mTOR target protein, p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K). A second substrate, 4EBP1, is phosphorylated in the majority of AML samples but less consistently than p70S6K. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin caused only a modest 20% decrease in cell survival based on a 48 hour in vitro assay. Strikingly, however, when AML blasts were incubated with a combination of a topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide, and rapamycin, the dose response to etoposide was shifted to the left with the ED50 decreased by at least one log in each of 5 tested samples. Rapamycin inhibited mTOR as shown by inhibition of p70S6K phosphorylation and this inhibition was not altered in the presence of etoposide. To determine if combinations of rapamycin and etoposide would have combined effects on leukemic stem cells, AML cells were incubated in etoposide alone or etoposide with rapamycin for 16 hours and then transplanted into NOD/SCID mice for analysis of stem cell survival. Engraftment of AML cells into NOD/SCID animals was decreased by etoposide and this inhibition was increased by the combination of etoposide and rapamycin. These studies suggest that mTOR regulates a critical cell survival pathway in AML stem cells and this pathway is necessary for survival in the presence of a distinct apoptotic signal. Furthermore, these studies suggest that combinations of rapamycin with chemotherapy may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of AML and, therefore, we have recently initiated a Phase I trial of rapamycin in combination with MEC chemotherapy for the treatment of relapsed AML.
Becoming Hogwarts: Collaborating with external partners for a large-scale event series

Academic libraries regularly collaborate with faculty at their institutions for information literacy and reference support, but large-scale event series often require different kinds of partnership...
Immediate and Long-Term Benefits of In-Store Return Experience

This study contributes to the understanding of customer relationship management by assessing how an in-store customer return experience can influence customer exchange behavior and satisfaction during a return event, and customer repurchase behavior following a return event. Exchanges, satisfaction, and repurchases are potential customer relationship management outcomes that may contribute to customer lifetime value. We empirically examine these outcomes with respect to two store labor factors: salesperson competence and selling pressure. Using transactional data and 7921 customer satisfaction survey responses obtained from a jewelry retailer, we demonstrate an in-store return experience may contribute to customer lifetime value more through future purchases than through immediate exchanges. We show convincing customers to exchange their returns may decrease their future purchases if customers are dissatisfied with their return experience. Our results suggest, in order to increase both exchanges and future purchases, retailers should improve the competence of employees who handle returns and abstain from using selling pressure during a return experience. We also conduct a counterfactual analysis to assess the impact on net sales of several return experience improvement initiatives. Overall, our analysis provides evidence that an in-store return experience represents a significant opportunity for retailers when handled carefully.