cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fibered representations, an open condition☆

Abstract Let M be a closed (connected) smooth manifold and G be a Lie group. Denote by R 0 (π 1 M,G) the space of all representations φ:π 1 (M)→G such that A = image (φ) is a discrete and torsion-free subgroup of G . We show that an open subspace of R 0 (π 1 M,G) consists of all those φ which are determined by a fibre bundle projection p:M→ A \G/K . Here K is a maximal compact subgroup of G and “determined by p ” means that φ=p # . (There are some restrictions on G for our proof to work.) This generalizes a well-known result of Tischler which covers the case where G= R . In his situation the double coset space A \G/K is always the circle.
Effect of regional heating of upper body on the liver blood flow in rats.

The changes in rat liver blood flow, caused by hyperthermia, were studied. The liver region of rats was heated with Thermotron IV, an experimental capacitive heating device utilizing 8 MHz RF, and the liver blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Portal venous blood flow slightly decreased during 30 min heating of the liver at 41°C and returned to control level after the heating. When the liver was heated at 43°C, portal venous blood flow decreased initially by about 20%, but gradually returned to control level during the 30 min heating. Hepatic arterial blood flow increased slightly during 30 min heating at 41°C and 43°C. Because almost 85% of the liver blood flow is portal venous blood flow, the change in total liver blood flow paralleled the change in portal venous blood flow. During regional heating of the liver the cardiac output declined significantly, which may account in part for the decrease in splanchnic blood flow, and thus portal venous blood flow. Changes in vascular resistance...
Hedgehog-dependent proliferation drives modular growth during morphogenesis of a dermal bone

In the developing skeleton, dermal bone morphogenesis includes the balanced proliferation, recruitment and differentiation of osteoblast precursors, yet how bones acquire unique morphologies is unknown. We show that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling mediates bone shaping during early morphogenesis of the opercle (Op), a well characterized dermal bone of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton. ihha is specifically expressed in a local population of active osteoblasts along the principal growing edge of the bone. Mutational studies show that Hh signaling by this osteoblast population is both necessary and sufficient for full recruitment of pre-osteoblasts into the signaling population. Loss of ihha function results in locally reduced proliferation of pre-osteoblasts and consequent reductions in recruitment into the osteoblast pool, reduced bone edge length and reduced outgrowth. Conversely, hyperactive Hh signaling in ptch1 mutants causes opposite defects in proliferation and growth. Time-lapse microscopy of early Op morphogenesis using transgenically labeled osteoblasts demonstrates that ihha-dependent bone development is not only region specific, but also begins exactly at the onset of a second phase of morphogenesis, when the early bone begins to reshape into a more complex form. These features strongly support a hypothesis that dermal bone development is modular, with different gene sets functioning at specific times and locations to pattern growth. The Hh-dependent module is not limited to this second phase of bone growth: during later larval development, the Op is fused along the dysmorphic edge to adjacent dermal bones. Hence, patterning within a module may include adjacent regions of functionally related bones and might require that signaling pathways function over an extended period of development.
Unplanned readmissions and survival following brain tumor surgery.

OBJECT Research on readmissions has been influenced by efforts to reduce hospital cost and avoid penalties stipulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Less emphasis has been placed on understanding these readmissions and their impact on patient outcomes. This study 1) delineates reasons for readmission, 2) explores factors associated with readmissions, and 3) describes their impact on the survival of glioblastoma patients. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of 362 cases involving patients with glioblastoma undergoing biopsy or tumor resection at their institution between 2003 and 2011. Reasons for re-hospitalization were characterized according to whether or not they were related to surgery and considered preventable. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the effect of readmission on survival and determine factors associated with re-hospitalizations. RESULTS Twenty-seven (7.5%) of 362 patients experienced unplanned readmissions within 30 days of surgery. Six ...
IN-SITU FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE PIEZOELECTRIC WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is important for reducing maintenance costs while increasing safety and reliability. Traditionally, structural integrity tests required attachment of sensors to the material surface. This is often a burdensome and time-consuming task, especially considering the size and magnitude of the surfaces measured (such as aircraft, bridges, structural supports, etc.). Temporary sensors are a hassle to install; there are some critical applications where they simply cannot accomplish the task required. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) can be permanently attached to the structure and offer a permanent sensor solution. Existing ceramic PWAS, while fairly accurate when attached correctly to the substance, may not provide the long term durability required for SHM. The bonded interface between the PWAS and the structure is often the durability weak link. Better durability may be obtained from a built-in sensor that is incorporated into the material. This paper describes the work on the in-situ fabrication of PWAS using a piezoelectric composite approach. The piezoelectric composite was prepared by mixing small lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles in an epoxy resin matrix; the mixture was then directly applied onto the surface of a host structure using a designed mask. The curing of the piezo composite was carried out at elevated temperature. After curing, the cured composite was sanded down to the desired thickness. Finally, the piezo composite was poled under a high electric field to activate the piezoelectric effect. The resulting in-situ composite PWAS was utilized as a sensor for dynamic vibration and impact. Characterization of the in-situ composite PWAS on aluminum structure have been recorded and compared with ceramic PWAS before and after polarization. To evaluate the performance of the in-situ composite PWAS, both vibration and impact tests were conducted. In-situ composite PWAS are believed to be a good candidate for reliable low-cost sensor fabrication for SHM.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Concurrent Validity of the Spelling Subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Relative to Dictated Spelling Tests: An Experimental Analysis of Selection Versus Supply as Response Demands:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the spelling subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) relative to the common classroom evaluation method of dictated spelling tests among learning disabled students. Subjects were 15 learning disabled children ranging in age from 6 years 10 months to 9 years 10 months. The spelling subtest was administered twice to each subject. In the PIAT-Regular condition, the subtest was administered according to instructions in the PIAT manual. The PIAT-Dictated condition conformed to instructions in the manual with the exception that the subjects were asked to spell dictated test items (supply) rather than choose the correct spelling from among four choices (selection). A dependent t-test indicated that subjects performed significantly better under the PIAT-Regular condition than under the PIAT-Dictated condition. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient indicated that the rank order of the subtest scores did not change s...
A new map of Hollywood: the production and distribution of American motion pictures.

Scott A. J. (2002) A new map of Hollywood: the production and distribution of American motion pictures, Reg. Studies 36, 957–975. In this paper, I offer a reinterpretation of the economic geography of the so-called new Hollywood. The argument proceeds in six main stages. First, I briefly examine the debate on industrial organization in Hollywood that has gone on in the literature since the mid-1980s, and I conclude that the debate has become unnecessarily polarized. Second, I attempt to show how an approach that invokes both flexible specialization and systems-house forms of production is necessary to any reasonably complete analysis of the organization of production in the new Hollywood. Third, and on this basis, I argue that the Hollywood production system is deeply bifurcated into two segments comprising: (1) the majors and their cohorts of allied firms on the one hand; and (2) the mass of independent production companies on the other. Fourth, I reaffirm the continuing tremendous agglomerative attracti...
Going, Going, Still Here? Determinants and Reactions to Consecutive Going Concern Opinions

This study examines whether audit firm knowledge and resources affect the likelihood a company receives consecutive going concern opinions. We also consider whether consecutive going concern opinions are useful to financial statement users. Recent comments from the FASB and PCAOB question the usefulness of going concern opinions to financial statement users. While going concern opinions are issued when substantial doubt exists about a client's viability beyond the next reporting period, little is known about why some companies receive consecutive going concern opinions. We find larger audit firms and audit firms with greater expertise issue fewer consecutive going concern opinions to their clients, and smaller audit firms issue consecutive going concern opinions to a greater proportion of clients at higher risk of bankruptcy and misstatements. This result suggests companies audited by firms with fewer resources operate longer with going concern uncertainty. We also find the initial market reactions to going concern opinions decrease with consecutive going concern opinions and disappear when consecutive going concerns exceed three. These results are consistent with FASB and PCAOB concerns. This study provides initial evidence on one source of the reduced value of going concern opinions.
Misconceptions and Wrongful Births: A Call for a Principled Jurisprudence

Some but not all states recognize a variety of birth-related torts ranging from wrongful conception to wrongful birth. What is surprising is the lack of consensus regarding why these actions should be permitted and what sorts of damages should be compensable (where such actions are recognized) and why they should not be permitted (where they are not). Even more surprising is that the rationales offered by courts to justify their own positions as often undermine as support the conclusions reached. The article examines a variety of positions and rationales, concluding that in actions for wrongful birth and wrongful pregnancy, damages should neither be limited to those expenses incurred at or before birth nor to only those post-birth expenses which are extraordinary.
Combined Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging of Pre-Existing Coronary Artery Stents: Can Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Reliably Detect Neoatherosclerosis?

Background— Neoatherosclerosis is an emerging phenomenon in which lipid-rich plaques (LRPs) develop within pre-existing stents. This study was undertaken to describe near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound findings in pre-existing stents and to compare NIRS findings in pre-existing stents, in which an increased lipid signal has been speculated to indicate neoatherosclerosis, and NIRS findings in a control group of freshly implanted stents, in which any lipid signal originates from fibroatheroma under the stent. Methods and Results— At the site of LRP detected by NIRS in a cohort of pre-existing stents, intravascular ultrasound was used to determine the presence of neointimal tissue. The lipid-core burden index and maximum lipid-core burden index in 4 mm were measured within stented segments. Findings were compared between pre-existing stents and a control group of freshly implanted stents. Among 60 pre-existing stents implanted 5.5±4.0 years earlier, NIRS detected LRP in 33%. At the site of LRP, intravascular ultrasound found no neointimal tissue in 35% of cases. NIRS findings in pre-existing stents were indistinguishable from those of freshly implanted stents (lipid-core burden index: 50±72 versus 42±58; P =0.40 and maximum lipid-core burden index in 4 mm: 156±184 versus 155±203; P =0.69). Conclusions— The detection of LRP in a pre-existing stent by NIRS alone is not reliable evidence of neoatherosclerosis, as the lipid signal may originate from fibroatheroma underlying the stent. By identifying the presence or absence of neointimal tissue at the site of LRP detected by NIRS, intravascular ultrasound may provide some insight into the potential source of the lipid signal in pre-existing stents. Registration Information— URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT01694368][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01694368&atom=%2Fcirccvim%2F9%2F1%2Fe003576.atom
Bayesian multinomial probit modeling of daily windows of susceptibility for maternal PM2.5 exposure and congenital heart defects.

Epidemiologic studies suggest that maternal ambient air pollution exposure during critical periods of pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on fetal development. In this work, we introduce new methodology for identifying critical periods of development during post-conception gestational weeks 2-8 where elevated exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) adversely impacts development of the heart. Past studies have focused on highly aggregated temporal levels of exposure during the pregnancy and have failed to account for anatomical similarities between the considered congenital heart defects. We introduce a multinomial probit model in the Bayesian setting that allows for joint identification of susceptible daily periods during pregnancy for 12 types of congenital heart defects with respect to maternal PM2.5 exposure. We apply the model to a dataset of mothers from the National Birth Defect Prevention Study where daily PM2.5 exposures from post-conception gestational weeks 2-8 are assigned using predictions from the downscaler pollution model. This approach is compared with two aggregated exposure models that define exposure as the average value over post-conception gestational weeks 2-8 and the average over individual weeks, respectively. Results suggest an association between increased PM2.5 exposure on post-conception gestational day 53 with the development of pulmonary valve stenosis and exposures during days 50 and 51 with tetralogy of Fallot. Significant associations are masked when using the aggregated exposure models. Simulation study results suggest that the findings are robust to multiple sources of error. The general form of the model allows for different exposures and health outcomes to be considered in future applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in mortality on weekend versus weekday admissions for Acute Coronary Syndrome in the United States over the past decade.

Abstract Background We assessed in-hospital mortality and utilization of invasive cardiac procedures following Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) admissions on the weekend versus weekdays over the past decade in the United States. Methods We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Survey (2001–2011) to examine differences in all-cause in-hospital mortality between patients with a principal diagnosis of ACS admitted on a weekend versus a weekday. Adjusted and hierarchical logistic regression model analysis was then used to identify if weekend admission was associated with a decreased utilization of procedural interventions and increased subsequent complications as well. Results 13,988,772 ACS admissions were identified. Adjusted mortality was higher for weekend admissions for Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes [OR: 1.15, 95% CI, 1.14–1.16] and only somewhat higher for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04]. Additionally, patients were significantly less likely to receive coronary revascularization intervention/therapy on their first day of admission [OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98 and OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.75–0.75 for STEMI and NSTE-ACS respectively]. For ACS patients admitted during the weekend who underwent procedural interventions, in-hospital mortality and complications were higher as compared to patients undergoing the same procedures on weekdays. Conclusion For ACS patients, weekend admission is associated with higher mortality and lower utilization of invasive cardiac procedures, and those who did undergo these interventions had higher rates of mortality and complications than their weekday counterparts. This data leads to the possible conclusion that access to diagnostic/interventional procedures may be contingent upon the day of admission, which may impact mortality.
Clinical assessment of suicidal risk.

Success in preventing suicide is hard to prove, but there are some guidelines that can help to identify high risk. Assessment of suicidal risk depends on recognition of a depressive state as well as evaluation of chronic risk factors and acute signs of suicidal behavior.
Sensitivity Analysis for a Data Acquisition Probe in the Presence of Cross Winds

Improved simulation models are required that quantify the influence of uncertain cross winds on variations in precision-air-drop system response quantities. Novel instrumentation and data acquisition approaches are required to gather the information that will be used to develop these improved models. This study describes an automated uncertaintybased work flow that uses a validated computational fluid dynamics solver to forecast the aerodynamic flow field that evolves around a canonical data acquisition probe. To quantify the effects of cross winds on the inertial response of the probe, it is necessary to predict steady-state loads acting on the probe and to estimate pressure and velocity in undisturbed regions of the flow field. System response quantities (SRQs) are monitored in this study which quantify statistical variations in aerodynamic flow field quantities predicted by simulation at a distance from each surface of the data acquisition probe. These SRQs are stand-off distances from each probe surface where the local and freestream velocity vectors are parallel and of equal magnitude within a user-defined tolerance. The magnitude of the user-defined tolerance provides guidance for selection of measurement techniques and data acquisition approaches. A Design of Experiments approach is used to populate a minimum-resource simulation matrix composed of uncertain altitude, a cross-wind speed component, probe terminal speed, and probe orientation angle. Deterministic steady-state computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed for each point in the matrix to forecast predictions of these probe stand-off distances. These forecasts are used to generate sensitivity analysis results and second-order polynomial response surfaces that are useful for visualizing the influence of cross winds and other uncertain design variables. Sensitivity analysis results suggest that cross-wind magnitude and probe orientation angle are the primary drivers of variations in the probe measurement distances. The probe’s terminal speed and the altitude drive variation in the system response quantities to a lesser extent. Exploratory hybrid RANS/LES computations of the baseline parameter set were performed to visualize unsteady flow features and understandi their effect on probe measurement stand-off distances. Capturing higher-order flow structures changed the locations of the stand-off distances by approximately 10%. Steady and unsteady aerodynamic loads captured as part of this analysis will be used to enhance precision-air-drop engineering models and to support acquisition decisions concerning new data acquisition techniques. These automated uncertainty techniques and resultant surrogate models will be useful for designing novel instrumentation packages that are deployed in support of mobility platforms.
“Birth is a miracle only to God”: reconfiguring kinship through reproductive suffering in the South Sudanese diaspora

Like many former refugee communities, South Sudanese in the United States are deeply invested in community fertility and the reproduction of the diaspora and the nation. For Dinka South Sudanese, ideas about fertility are typically intertwined with desire for the continuity of the patriline. In the diaspora, however, the affective and jural dimensions of parent–child kinship are being reconfigured in response to a range of factors. In this article, I examine reproductive suffering, defined as trauma suffered by women who experience reproductive complications in service to both the patriline and the nation, as one overlooked but important element that contributes to new kinship formations. Drawing on historical ethnographic literature from South Sudan and fieldwork with South Sudanese mothers and fathers in Massachusetts, I describe an emergent transformation of patrilineality in the diaspora community. I examine two cases of reproductive suffering – one of repeated foetal loss, the other maternal morbidit...
Poor Video Streaming Performance Explained (and Fixed)

HTTP-based video streaming is a key application on the Internet today, comprising the majority of Internet traffic. Yet customers remain dissatisfied with video quality, resulting in lost revenue for content providers. Recent studies have blamed this on the adaptive bitrate selection (ABR) algorithm used by client players, claiming it interacts poorly with TCP when the video buffer is full, which causes it to underestimate available network bandwidth. We show that the root cause of the problem lies in the data plane, and that even a perfect control plane (ABR) algorithm is not enough to guarantee video flows their fair share of network bandwidth. Namely, it is the sequential download of video segments that is at fault, as they disrupt the normal interaction between TCP congestion control and router queue occupancy. We carefully model and characterize the behavior of streaming video according to download size and network conditions, and use this to develop an adaptive algorithm for optimally controlling download behavior. Our approach achieves near-optimal throughput and fast bitrate adaptation, regardless of the control plane algorithm. We implement our approach as a DASH video player called Sprint, and evaluate it against state-of-the-art proposals from the literature as well as deployed players from Netflix, YouTube, Hulu, and Amazon. Sprint consistently achieves above 90% of its fair-share throughput, while the previous state-of-the-art exhibits high variability (e.g., 31% under some network conditions, close to fair share in others). Our measurements show industry players often achieve below 50% of their fair share.
Understanding the Characteristics of Android Wear OS

Interactive wearable devices bring dramatic changes to apps and hardware, leaving operating system (OS) design in the mist. To this end, we thoroughly examine the execution efficiency of Android Wear, a popular wearable OS. By running a suite of fifteen benchmarks, we profile four system aspects: CPU usage, idle episodes, thread-level parallelism, and microarchitectural behaviors. We present the discovered inefficiencies and their root causes, together with a series of widespread, yet unknown OS design flaws. Towards designing future wearable OSes, our study has yielded a generic lesson, key insights, and specific action items.
THE ROLE OF THE BURSA OF FABRICIUS IN LOCALIZED IMMUNITY AND AS A MODULATOR OF SYSTEMIC IMMUNE RESPONSES

ABSTRACT Evidence is reviewed showing that the bursal lymphocytes are capable of producing antibody in situ . Further, it is shown that this organ is capable of modulating systemic immunological functions. An important structural element of this organ which contributes to its various functions is the peculiarly modified epithelium overlying the lymphoid follicles. This epithelium has been shown to be capable of endocytosing intralumenal materials. Thru it antigens gain access to the bursal-follicular lymphocytes and consequently this results in antibody-forming cells. Evidence is presented showing that when deaggregated serum protein antigen was administered via the cloaca, a state of immunologic tolerance resulted which was similar in magnitude to that following parenteral administration. Evidence is given indicating that a single application of serum protein antigen via the cloaca possibly results in a state of systemic immunologic memory. It is concluded that this gut-associated lymphoepithelial tissue of chickens carries out both localized and systemic effector immune functions.
Influencia positiva del estrés en la toma de decisiones

La toma de decisiones es una actividad basica en el dia a dia de todos los seres humanos. Segun se va madurando, como proceso natural y en la mayoria de los casos, mas se van agudizando y complicando la toma de decisiones. A nivel personal se toman decisiones basicamente de manera automatica, desde donde y que se va a comer, hasta que ruta se tomara hacia el trabajo. Pero, cuando se trata de tomar decisiones de as envergadura, entonces se complica el panorama e influyen otros factores en esa toma de decisiones, factores como el estres. El presente escrito contiene una revision de literatura sobre el estres y su efecto en la toma decisiones de dirigentes empresariales, sus causas y posibles implicaciones, discutiendo la influencia del estres en cuanto a efectos positivos o negativos se refiere. Alterno a la discusion inicial se presentan estrategias para la mejora en la toma de decisiones a nivel organizacional y empresarial.
Probing dissociative electron attachment through heavy-Rydberg ion-pair production in Rydberg atom collisions

Electron transfer in collisions between low-n, n = 12, Rydberg atoms and targets that attach low-energy electrons can lead to the formation of heavy-Rydberg ion-pair states comprising a weakly-bound positive-negative ion pair that orbit each other at large separations. Measurements of the velocity and angular distribution of ion-pair states produced in collisions with 1,1,1-C2Cl3F3, CBrCl3, BrCN, and Fe(CO)5 are used to show that electron transfer reactions furnish a new technique with which to examine the lifetime and decay energetics of the excited intermediates formed during dissociative electron capture. The results are analyzed with the aid of Monte Carlo simulations based on the free electron model of Rydberg atom collisions. The data further highlight the capabilities of Rydberg atoms as a microscale laboratory in which to probe the dynamics of electron attachment reactions.
Splenectomy for Splenic Marginal B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is an uncommon indolent B-cell malignancy usually involving the spleen, bone marrow and blood. Splenectomy is frequently performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but it is unclear if it affects outcome. To further explore this issue, we reviewed clinical and pathological characteristics, and treatment outcomes of SMZL patients (pts) who underwent splenectomy in our institution. Methods: Medical records of pts who had splenectomy at the Cleveland Clinic and were diagnosed with a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder between 1994 and 2004 were reviewed. Pathology slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of SMZL by WHO criteria. Data collection included: clinical and biochemical characteristics at diagnosis including symptoms; reason for and date of splenectomy; hematological response following surgery; additional therapies other than surgery including rationale, regimen used and outcome; and follow-up data. Results: We identified 18 pts with SMZL having splenectomy in our institution. Twelve (67%) were females and 6 (33%) males. The median age was 65 years (range 43–85). At the time of diagnosis, 9 pts had splenic and bone marrow involvement; 8 splenic, bone marrow and nodal; 1 spleen involvement only. Four pts were treated with chemotherapy prior to splenectomy for presumed CLL, hairy-cell leukemia or unspecified B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, but none achieved CR. None of the pts received radiation. Splenectomy was performed in 9 pts for diagnostic, and in 9 pts for therapeutic purposes. The most common reason for therapeutic splenectomy was cytopenia (n=5) and abdominal discomfort (n=4). Median follow-up from splenectomy to death or last follow-up is 30 months (range 1–99). Of the 9 pts who had splenectomy for diagnostic purposes the median time to subsequent systemic therapy (n=5) was 7 months (range 0–33). Of the 9 pts treated for therapeutic purposes abdominal symptoms resolved in all (n=4) and 4/5 with cytopenias achieved hematologic response. Seven of 9 pts with only spleen and marrow involvement, achieved complete hematologic remission following surgery lasting from 8+ to 46+months. Of 8 pts presenting with spleen and lymph node involvement, 6 had cytopenias that resolved in only 3 pts following splenectomy. Six of these 8 pts received chemotherapy after splenectomy with median time from surgery to systemic treatment of 16 months (range 3–60). One pt continues to have stable lymphadenopathy observed clinically for 33 months, and 1 pt had stable lymphadenopathy for 24 months and was subsequently lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Splenectomy, whether performed diagnostically or therapeutically, may result in long remissions in the absence of chemotherapy. Splenectomy appears to be a viable treatment alternative for SMZL.
Did I Get the Best Discount? Counterfactual Thinking of Tourism Products:

Current trends in the tourism industry indicate that most potential travelers purchase tourism products from online travel agents that provide price promotions. Even though the range of price promo...
Simulation Faculty Development: A Tiered Approach

Simulation faculty development has become a high priority for the past couple of years because simulation programs have rapidly expanded in health systems and universities worldwide. A formalized, structured model for developing quality facilitators of simulation is helpful to support and sustain this continued growth in the field of simulation. In this article, we present a tiered faculty development plan that has been implemented at a university in the United States and includes the essentials of faculty development. We discuss the rationale and benefits of a tiered faculty development program as well as describe our certification plan. The article concludes with lessons learned throughout the process of implementation.
Mass transport waves amplified by intense Greenland melt and detected in solid Earth deformation

The annual cycle and secular trend of Greenland mass loading are well recorded in measurements of solid Earth deformation. Horizontal crustal displacements can potentially track the spatiotemporal detail of mass changes with great fidelity. Our analysis of Greenland crustal motion data reveals that a significant excitation of horizontal amplitudes occurs during the intense melt years. We discover that solitary seasonal waves of substantial mass transport (1.67 ± 0.54 Gt/month) traveled at an average speed of 7.1 km/month through Rink Glacier in 2012. We deduce that intense surface melting enhanced either basal lubrication or softening of shear margins, or both, causing the glacier to thin dynamically in summer. The newly routed upstream subglacial water was likely to be both retarded and inefficient, thus providing a causal mechanism for the prolonged ice transport to continue well into the winter months. As the climate continues to produce increasingly warmer spring and summer, amplified seasonal waves of mass transport may become ever more present with important ramifications for the future sea level rise.
The practicability of ships arriving to the Great Lakes to conduct ballast water exchange plus treatment—Analysis of shipping patterns

Abstract Ballast water exchange (BWE) has historically been the most oft-used approach to manage ballast water with the goal of reducing biological invasions. Henceforth, most ships will exclusively perform ballast water treatment (BWT) to comply with limits on concentrations of living organisms in discharge water, although the combination of BWE and BWT may reduce the risk of invasion more than BWT alone, particularly for ships arriving to freshwater ports, such as those in the North American Great Lakes. Whether the BWE and BWT is practicable rests upon several factors, particularly the time available to perform both operations in the appropriate area and safely during a voyage. We investigated records of ships arriving to U.S. ports from 2004 through 2014 to characterize the frequency and location of BWE. The National Ballast Information Clearinghouse dataset contained information on 872 × 10 3 arrivals in the 11-year span, which is summarized herein. In U.S. ports within the Great Lakes, about 1% of vessels arriving—or 921 arrivals over 11 years—conducted BWE. Most vessels arriving to Great Lakes ports did not discharge ballast water, but of those that did, > 98% of the volume discharged was from coastwise voyages. In ships arriving from overseas, ballast water was held for at least 4 days after BWE. Ships performing BWE while offshore would still need to meet the limits for living organisms in discharged water, which would require BWT while underway doubling the use rate of the shipboard treatment system, but also making some BWE procedures (e.g., flow-through exchange) impracticable.
Scansorial Landing and Perching

We describe an approach whereby small unmanned aircraft can land and perch on outdoor walls. Our prototype uses an ultrasonic sensor to initiate a pitch-up maneuver as it flies toward a wall. As it begins to stall, it contacts the wall with compliant “feet” equipped with rows of miniature spines that engage asperities on the surface. A nonlinear hierarchical suspension absorbs the kinetic energy and controls contact forces in the normal and tangential directions to keep spines engaged during the landing process. Future work will include powered take-offs and maneuvering in contact with the wall.
Endoscopic transcanal modified canal-wall-down mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma

Attic cholesteatoma with antral extension in tight sclerotic mastoid cavities is a common presentation that creates difficult decision-making intraoperatively. Drilling through a sclerotic and small mastoid cavity, keeping the canal wall intactis often difficult and increases the risk of serious injury. Consequently, a canal-wall-down mastoidectomy is often performed. The endoscopic transcanal modified canal-wall-down mastoidectomy approach allows the benefits of an open cavity for cholesteatoma resection and the benefits of a closed cavity for better long-term care and a more normal ear canal and middle ear reconstruction.
From gap to debt: Rethinking equity metaphors in education

This article draws upon my keynote address delivered at the 44 th Oceania and Comparative and International Education Society (OCIES) Conference held at the University of Sydney. It examines how the metaphors and other forms of symbolic language used to describe educational dilemmas shape the responses that are imaginable in addressing them. In particular, it argues for a shift from the metaphor of equity gaps to one of education debt so as to recognize more fully the political, temporal, and spatial dimensions of inequity and inequality. The article uses examples from the U.S. and Tanzania but suggests that the metaphor of debt has relevance for countries across Oceania and in other world regions.
Unconventional Functions of Muscles in Planarian Regeneration

Muscles are traditionally considered in the context of force generation. Scimone et al. (2017), reporting in Nature, now examine muscles in a developmental setting and find unexpected roles for distinct planarian muscle fibers. The authors show that muscles provide patterning signals to promote regeneration and guide tissue growth after injury.
Neonatal Genistein Exposure and Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Adult Mouse Uterus.

Background: Female reproductive tract development is sensitive to the endocrine-disrupting potential of environmental estrogens. Early-life exposure to the dietary phytoestrogen genistein impairs f...
Leibniz on Creation: A Contribution to His Philosophical Theology

Although Leibniz is arguably the last major European philosopher to undertake a rationalist defense of theistic doctrines, Robert Sleigh recently noted that the study of Leibniz’s “philosophical theology is in its infancy compared to the study of some other aspects of his philosophy” (Sleigh 2001: 165). In this paper, I hope to fill in some details in what Sleigh calls “the initial map of [. . .] the relevant terrain” of Leibniz’s philosophical theology. I wish to examine a doctrine central to his theistic apologetics that has been neglected or dismissed in recent Leibniz scholarship, especially in the English-speaking world. There is no more important doctrine in Leibniz’s philosophy than creation; it, in Robert Adams’ words, “has the largest role in Leibniz’s metaphysics” (Adams 1994: 94). Many interpreters of Leibniz have stressed the centrality of creation for his thought, yet at the same time argue that the notion of creation is ultimately “unintelligible” and any effort to describe it is “nonsense” (Broad 1975: 148). It is a “miracle” or a “Christian mystery” (Rescher 1973: 183) and thus Leibniz’s theory of creation is doctrinally, not philosophically driven. While creation may have a place in revealed theology, it “will clearly not do as a doctrine of a philosophical system” (Rescher 1973: 183). Another interpreter says, “theological orthodoxy [. . .] requires Leibniz to acknowledge that God creates the universe out of nothing” (Jolley 1998: 601). Such views would appear correct since Leibniz assumes that Creation (henceforth used as a proper noun when referring to the creation of the universe) is part of revealed theology, not natural theology. Indeed, in perhaps his most revealing comment on Creation, Leibniz says: “I admit the supernatural here only in the beginning of things” (T 66; GP 6 42). If Creation is a supernatural event for him, then by definition it cannot be part of any natural theology. Nevertheless, the above mentioned interpreters of Leibniz are wrong to claim that Creation must be dismissed as “nonsense,” spurned as “miracle” or “mystery”
The Development of a Global GPS Tracking System in Support of Space and Ground-Based GPS Programs

A GPS Global Tracking System for the 1990’s is called for to maintain accurate satellite ephemerides and terrestrial reference frames which support a broad class of geodetic, geophysical, oceanographic and engineering applications. The rationale for an international and civilian-operated GPS tracking system is quite evident in terms of its diverse applications and significant benefits to the scientific community. A description follows for a proposed organizational structure, physical configuration, operational characteristics and user interfaces, which together constitute a highly reliable internationally sponsored GPS Global Tracking System.
Fundamentals of Hydrogen Liquefaction

The selection of a hydrogen liquefaction cycle depends on the use to which the liquefier must be put. In a small laboratory, liquefier safety, reliability, simplicity, and initial cost would most likely be the main items of consideration. On the other hand, if the stress is on low operating cost in a large production operation, careful consideration must be given to thermodynamic efficiency.
Chromosomal replication incompatibility in Dam methyltransferase deficient Escherichia coli cells.

Abstract Dam methyltransferase deficient Escherichia coli cells containing minichromosomes were constructed. Free plasmid DNA could not be detected in these cells and the minichromosomes were found to be integrated in multiple copies in the origin of replication (oriC) region of the host chromosome. The absence of the initiation cascade in Dam- cells is proposed to account for this observation of apparent incompatibility between plasmid and chromosomal copies of oriC. Studies using oriC-pBR322 chimeric plasmids and their deletion derivatives indicated that the incompatibility determinant is an intact and functional oriC sequence. The seqA2 mutation was found to overcome the incompatability phenotype by increasing the cellular oriC copy number 3-fold thereby allowing minichromosomes to coexist with the chromosome. The replication pattern of a wild-type strain with multiple integrated minichromosomes in the oriC region of the chromosome, led to the conclusion that initiation of DNA replication commences at a fixed cell mass, irrespective of the number of origins contained on the chromosome.
In Vivo Tissue Source and Releasing Signal for Endogenous Extracellular Hsp72

Environmental or emotional challenge triggers a cascading series of responses collectively termed the “stress response”. Acute activation of the stress response modulates many aspects of physiology, including the immune system. Hans Seyle, the founding father of the concept of “biologic stress”, proposed in the 1900s that tissues release “alarm signals” in response to local and/or systemic challenge, and that these signals can initiate and direct inflammatory responses. There is a renewed interest in the investigation of tissue alarm signals and such signals have been coined “danger signals”, “DAMPS” (danger associated molecular patterns) and “hidden-self recognition signals”. This chapter focuses on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) as one potential alarm signal. Activation of the systemic stress response and the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals, stimulates the release of endogenous Hsp72 into the blood. We hypothesize that the tissue source of in vivo released Hsp72 is the small intestine, and that NE binds to alpha1 adrenergic receptors expressed on intestinal epithelial cells triggering the release of Hsp72 into the blood. Furthermore, we hypothesize that lipopolysaccharide derived from endogenous gut microflora binds Hsp72, and that the extracellular Hsp72-LPS complex may contribute to stress-associated modulation of in vivo inflammatory processes
Contractile Proteins of Brain Tissue

Interest in the cytoarchitecture of cells has increased exponentially during the last ten years following the isolation and biochemical characterization of proteins composing major classes of filamentous structures: the microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Brain tissue provides an abundance of microtubular and intermediate filamentous proteins.* We shall concern ourselves with the remaining class of filamentous structures: the microfilaments. Essentially, they contain actin and interact with various other proteins having activating/anchoring properties, most of which have similar counterparts in muscle.
Expanding Literate Landscapes: Persons, Practices, and Sociohistoric Perspectives of Disciplinary Development by Kevin Roozen and Joe Erickson

Expanding Literate Landscapes: Persons, Practices, and Sociohistoric Perspectives of Disciplinary Development by Kevin Roozen and Joe Erickson (2017) Computers and Composition Digital P/Utah State UP, 2017. Web.
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2013 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'13). This year marks the eighteenth meeting of this conference, continuing its tradition of being the principal international forum for reporting outstanding research at the intersection of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The work that appears at IUI bridges these two fields and also delves into related fields, such as psychology, cognitive science, computer graphics, the arts, and many others. Members of the IUI community are interested in improving the symbiosis between humans and computers, increasing the intelligence of both in the process. The call for papers attracted 195 submissions from Asia, Canada, Europe, Africa, and the United States. The program committee accepted 43 papers covering a diverse set of topics, including brain-computer interaction, social media analysis, automated design, and crowdsourcing. The program opens with a keynote by Professor Luis von Ahn on "Duolingo: Learn a Language for Free while Helping to Translate the Web," and closes with a keynote by Professor Monica S. Lam on "How Mobile Disrupts Social As We Know it." We also have an excellent poster and demonstration program consisting of 14 demos and 22 posters selected from a pool of 64 total submissions. In addition, the conference provides two exciting tutorials and four interesting workshops. The tutorials feature an introduction to Human Computation by Edith Law and an introduction to knowledge acquisition from the web and social media by Zornitsa Kozareva. The workshops cover topics ranging from interactive machine learning to IUI for developing worlds. No conference of this size could be organized without the help of a large number of individuals who volunteer an enormous amount of their own time. Their names can be found in the following pages and each and every one of these extraordinary volunteers deserve our thanks. We want to especially recognize all of the members of the organizing committee, who put in countless hours over nearly a year to make the conference happen. If you see one of them in the hotel bar at the conference, please buy them a beverage of their choice. We must also thank our senior program committee for coordinating the review process and all 654 members of the program committee for providing high quality reviews that exceeded even our lofty expectations. Last, but certainly not least, we must thank the authors for providing the content for the program that is the foundation of any successful conference. We look forward to your presentations!
Delayed Negative Feedback: A Warm-Up

A great deal about delay differential equations can be learned by a study of its simplest representative, the linear delayed negative feedback equation.We use it to illustrate features common to delay differential equations, such as the tendency of delays to give rise to oscillations that can become undamped if delays are large.The obstructions to solving delay differential equations backwards in time are readily appreciated for this simple equation. It is an unpleasant fact that even for this simple linear equation, the stability of the trivial equilibrium requires an analysis of the roots of a transcendental equation. We show how the leading root of this transcendental equation signals the oscillation in solutions of the delay differential equation.
Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Evaluations

Given the heterogeneous core and associated features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), current practice parameters highlight the critical importance of interdisciplinary teamwork in the evaluation of the disorder. Interdisciplinary evaluation incorporates information from a variety of disciplines through a decision-making process that is both interactive and collaborative. Key goals of the process include establishing a diagnosis, contextualizing the individual’s developmental strengths and challenges within their family and community, and providing intervention recommendations and community resources. This chapter reviews the process of interdisciplinary ASD evaluation, beginning with the expression of developmental concern and referral for evaluation and ending with the provision of diagnostic feedback, recommendations, and resources to the individual and family. Key components of the interdisciplinary ASD diagnostic evaluation and additional domains of assessment in ASD evaluation, along with commonly used standardized assessment tools, are described.