cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Size Effects on the Solvation of Anions at the Aqueous Liquid−Vapor Interface

The presence of certain anions at the aqueous liquid−vapor interface is often attributed to polarization effects. This work shows that the size of the ion also plays an important role in driving monovalent inorganic ions to the surface. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the Gibbs ensemble were performed to investigate the liquid−vapor interface for neat water and ionic solutions at 298 K. The total ion concentration is about 1.2 M, but the solutions contained a mixture of anions of varying size all having the same fixed charge and Lennard-Jones well depth (i.e., the same polarizability). Results show that as the size of the anion increases so does the propensity for interfacial solvation. The largest anions are consistently found closer to the interface than smaller anions. We also find that large anions, which may prefer a surface location on their own, can be excluded from the interfacial region by inclusion of even larger anions in a mixture.
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Child With Osteopetrosis

The clinical features of a 5-year-old patient with osteopetrosis and severe obstructive sleep apnea are presented. The patient responded to tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, uvulectomy, and tracheostomy. The tracheostomy was later removed. Osteopetrosis, while rare, may be added to the list of causes of obstructive sleep apnea.
Rates of fluvial sedimentation: Implications for archaeological variability

Rates of fluvial sedimentation exhibit spatial and temporal variability that is important with respect to the study of prehistoric archaeological sites. Sedimentation rates within fluvial basins vary in response to internal dynamics, geomorphic controls, and external factors including climate and tectonics. Fluvial rates of sedimentation may be estimated using sedimentary, pedogenic, biogenic, and radiometric evidence. Holocene rates of sedimentation vary by three orders of magnitude, as shown by radiometric data from numerous localities in North America. Sedimentation rates define rates of matrix accumulation in archaeological sites. These act as controls on site construction and site modification. Artifact densities, spatial patterning, and preservation are all conditioned by rates of matrix accumulation. These dimensions of prehistoric sites are critical to the evaluation of variability within and between archaeological sites and to the study of past settlement/subsistence systems.
Experience with a Personal Sized Supercomputer Implications for Algorithm Development

While the use of supercomputers for computational fluid dynamics, CFD, has received considerable attention, alternatives to batch use of supercomputers for CFD have received little discussion. In the current paper, a class of systems which is inexpensive enough that they may be dedicated full time to single projects is discussed to demonstrate that such systems are a useful alternative to batch supercomputers for CFD research projects. Low-cost, dedicated systems that can perform computations of complexity equivalent to supercomputers in reasonable time will be termed personal sized supercomputers. A research project that has successfully constructed a personal-sized supercomputer from minicomputer system components will be discussed along with the computational model and message-passing algorithm representation required for implementation on the minicomputer system and future multiprocessing systems. Several other projects for developing personal-sized systems exist, and the successful use of such systems for significant computational projects will depend in large measure on the ability to efficiently implement the same numerical algorithm on several different computers or architectures. The message-passing style developed for the minicomputer system is suggested as a sound programming tool to achieve the required degree of architecture independence.
Molecular Encapsulator: A Novel Vehicle for Toxicology Studies

The use of a molecular encapsulator, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), as a novel gavage dosing vehicle in toxicology studies was investigated. p-Chloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluence (CTFT) was chosen as the test chemical. CTFT can be easily encapsulated at the molecular level using α-CD molecular encapsulator in aqueous solution. The resulting molecular-encapsulated CTFT precipitates can be suspended homogeneously in water and can be used as a gavage formulation. The stability and syringeability of this gavage formulation were evaluated prior to being used in a toxicology study. Comparative studies showed that the molecular encapsulator released CTFT more rapidly than conventional corn oil vehicle after gavage dosing to male F344 rats. The results of this study indicate that the molecular encapsulator can be used as an alternative gavage vehicle in toxicology studies of water-insoluble or volatile chemicals to avoid the potential side effects of corn oil vehicle. Procedures for the analysis of the molecular-encapsulated ...
Fibroma of the Ovary with Ascites and Hydrothorax

Summary There have been described in this paper seven cases of ascites and hydrothorax due to the presence of a tumor of the ovary of a nonsecretory type. The importance of such a lesion in medical and surgical problems seems very great, for unexplained pleurisy with effusion and unexplained ascites are problems that occasionally confront our internists. They must be made aware of the possibility of a simple tumor being responsible for such conditions. The surgeon who found ascites and hydrothorax in a patient with a tumor of the abdomen or pelvis might reasonably feel that a malignant lesion was responsible. It is essential therefore that this entity be known to him, for what could be more satisfactory than to cure such a condition by the simple removal of a benign tumor? Many of us have seen ascites suspected as being of malignant origin cured by the removal of a fibroma, when exploration seemed justifiable because the tumor was movable, but who of us would be daring enough to advise removal of a pelvic tumor accompanied by ascites and fluid in the chest? It is evident that such a patient would be doomed as inoperable, unless it were remembered that this particular entity might be due to a fibroma of the ovary. We feel that such a group of cases should make an impression upon many physicians and surgeons. It is hoped that by their making use of the knowledge some women will escape inevitable invalidism.
Alcohol Abuse and the Borderline Patient

Effective treatment of the alcohol-abusing borderline patient involves knowledge of two pathological processes. Alcoholism treatment methods and theory can have a profound effect upon the approach used with such patients, helping the therapist deal with the patient in a way that is respectful of his strengths and weaknesses. This paper describes how a knowledge of alcoholism treatment can be used in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, which is defined as the application of analytically-derived insights into motivations and resistances. Treatment of the alcoholism and the psychiatric disorder are best begun together at the outset of therapy, each method assisting the other.
On the Importance of Being Earnest About Measurement, OR, How Can We Be Sure That What We Know Is True?

Reliable and valid measurements are essential in research and clinical practice in physical therapy. Despite our slowness in recognizing the importance of more scientific measurement, our profession has witnessed a recent surge of interest in studying and developing reliable and valid measurement techniques. The ultimate results of developing more sophisticated measurement instruments and further refining our measurement techniques will be more scientific practitioners and a greater body of scientific knowledge unique to physical therapy.
NEURAL CONTROL OF LOCOMOTION IN THE TURTLE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neural control of locomotion in the turtle. A restricted portion of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the spinal cord, can produce an organized motor program. Locomotor programs in the turtle spinal cord can be elicited by stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). Scratching programs in this preparation can be elicited by tactile stimulation applied to the shell. Scratching motor programs can be elicited more reliably than swimming motor programs in the spinal turtle because the scratch program does not depend upon the accurate placement of a stimulating electrode in the spinal cord. The motor program for the scratch shares many characteristics with the motor program for the swim. Such a similarity is also observed for stepping and scratching in the cat. The technique of electrical stimulation can be utilized to reveal further properties of spinal cord central program generator (CPG).
Bungalow and Ranch House: The Architectural Backwash of California

This essay examines the development of two American housing styles—the bungalow of the early twentieth century and the ranch house of the post-World War II era—each of which developed in the West and spread eastward, a “backwash” that suggests the changing currents of regional influence in twentieth-century America.
Practical automatic placement for standard-cell integrated circuits

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the placement problem that arises in the established standard-cell-style design of integrated circuit (IC) parts, and reports on a method for effectively solving this problem. The placement problem is to assign geometric coordinates on the two-dimensional IC “chip” to its many small, predesigned logic functions (standard cells). Applying a practical, simulated-annealing search to the critical placement problem as part of designing an IC can have a surprisingly large impact on a part's cost and manufacturability.Results from a recent benchmarking contest illustrate the importance of effectively solving the placement problem, and support the effectiveness of the methods introduced in this paper. The new solution method applies simulated-annealing search using an approximate placement model (considering only bounding boxes of the logical nets, and considering only approximate, fixed-grid carrier locations for the cells that define the boxes), adaptive wiring congestion ...
Temperature Effects on Growth and Molt of Nematus calais (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

We studied the effects of temperature on growth, consumption, assimilation, conversion efficiencies, and molt of Nematus calais Kirby (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), a willow sawfly, in interior Alaska. Growth rate of fourth instars increased across the full range of naturally encountered temperatures (biomass doubling time of 6.1 d at 6°C versus 0.85 d at 30°C). Growth rate of fifth instars also increased from 6 to 24°C, but had generally lower Q 10S than fourth instars, and actually decreased from 24 to 30°C. Patterns in growth rate across temperatures were almost entirely a function of patterns in consumption rate; relative consumption rate increased sixfold from 6 to 24°C, whereas conversion efficiencies were constant across temperatures (approximate digestibility = 0.41 to 0.45, efficiency of converting digested matter = 0.24 to 0.31). The duration of the fourth molt decreased from 1.32 d at 6°C to 0.17 d at 24°C and then increased to 0.40 d at 30°C. Compared with more southerly distributed insects, growth rates of N. calais tended to be less temperature sensitive and to peak at lower temperatures. Similarities between N. calais and Dineura virididorsata (Retzius), a sawfly from northern Europe, suggest that the Tenthredinidae may be fundamentally different in their molting physiology from the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera; the ability of tenthredinids to molt rapidly at low temperatures may contribute to their ecological success in high-latitude environments.
Utilization of fatty acids by Agaricus bisporus in commercial culture

C labeled fatty acids and sodium acetate were added to mushroom compost at the time of casing in a crop grown under commercial conditions. Sporophore tissue, casing material and compost were analyzed for incorporation of 14C into water soluble compounds and lipids. Incorporation of labeled material in sporophore lipid extracts was directed toward sterols and phos- pholipid from both acetate and fatty acid precursors. Incorporation of labelled material in mannitol from both acetate and fatty acid precursors indicated an active gluconeogenic pathway. It is suggested that acetate or a low molecular weight intermediate may be transported through the mycelial network by diffusion to the sites of synthesis of sporophore structural components.
Properties of PVA/HfO2 Hybrid Electrospun Fibers and Calcined Inorganic HfO2 Fibers

New organic−inorganic hybrid fibers (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/HfO2) were prepared by an electrospinning method using DI water as a solvent. The HfO2−acetate nanoparticles could be loaded up to 80% by weight in PVA polymer to fabricate uniform PVA/HfO2 electrospun hybrid fibers. After annealing at 140 °C for 12 h, electrospun PVA/HfO2 fibers were stable when soaked in water. Calcination of these hybrid fibers at temperatures ranging from 450 to 700 °C resulted in the formation of pure inorganic HfO2 fibers with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 μm depending on the concentration of HfO2−acetate nanoparticles in the spinning dope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the crystal structures of the HfO2 fibers, which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. XRD results showed the presence of both monoclinic and tetragonal crystal structures in the HfO2 fibers. The type and size of the crystals formed depended on the concentration of HfO2−ac...
Negotiating Community Literacy Practice: Public Memory Work and the Boston Marathon Bombing Digital Archive

Abstract This study examines Our Marathon http://marathon.neu.edu >, which is a digital historiography website created in response to the bombings at the finish line of the Boston Marathon on April 15th, 2013. As a participatory archive, Our Marathon is an example of community literacy practice. I explore the construction of community through the public memory work of the archive by examining two collections of archival artifacts: public submissions and the Boston City Archives content. This examination reveals the complexity of community construction, but also the influence of Our Marathon as a material support for the work of public memory. Highlighting the archive's negotiation between an intimate space for community participation in the wake of trauma, and its role as an open, digital archive with global reach, I demonstrate that tensions of this negotiation are useful to highlight the power of the archive as a location of public memory construction, and can suggest ways Our Marathon and other digital historiographic projects can better foster community participation and formation through the reflexive collection, preservation, and display of archival content.
Discovery of a Novel l-Lyxonate Degradation Pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

The l-lyxonate dehydratase (LyxD) in vitro enzymatic activity and in vivo metabolic function were assigned to members of an isofunctional family within the mandelate racemase (MR) subgroup of the enolase superfamily. This study combined in vitro and in vivo data to confirm that the dehydration of l-lyxonate is the biological role of the members of this family. In vitro kinetic experiments revealed catalytic efficiencies of ∼104 M–1 s–1 as previously observed for members of other families in the MR subgroup. Growth studies revealed that l-lyxonate is a carbon source for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1; transcriptomics using qRT-PCR established that the gene encoding LyxD as well as several other conserved proximal genes were upregulated in cells grown on l-lyxonate. The proximal genes were shown to be involved in a pathway for the degradation of l-lyxonate, in which the first step is dehydration by LyxD followed by dehydration of the 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-lyxonate product by 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-lyxonate dehydratase to...
Analysis on the cause of main steam temperature fluctuation of 660 MW ultra-supercritical unit

In view of a case caused by the excessive fluctuation of main steam temperature under stable and load variation conditions in a 660 MW ultra-supercritical power unit,which leads to serious hidden troubles to normal operation,by analyzing the historical data and control strategy of the unit,some hidden troubles of coordinate control strategy,feed-water control strategy and steam temperature control strategy in automatic control system was pointed out,furthermore according to the operation situation,a series of control strategy and control parameter setting optimization schemes was proposed.After the optimization,the safety and stability of this unit were improved greatly.By modulation control system performance test,index of main steam temperature quality achieves excellent standard of similar units under stable and load variation conditions,the control strategy optimization acquires significant effects and economic benefits.
Primary angiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle

We report on an unusual case of primary angiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle. Diagnosis was confirmed by light and electron microscopy, as well as specific immunohistochemical staining. This rare tumor is highly aggressive, and refractory to traditional surgical and adjuvant therapeutic modalities. Sarcomatous lesions of the seminal vesicle are reviewed.
Altered disposition of propylthiouracil in cats with hyperthyroidism.

The oral and intravenous disposition of the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil ( ptu ) was determined in six clinically healthy cats and four cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism. Compared with the normal cats, the mean plasma elimination half-life of ptu was significantly (P ptu was significantly (P ptu were significantly (P ptu in the two groups of cats. Overall, results of this study indicate that the oral bioavailability of ptu is decreased and ptu disposition is accelerated in cats with hyperthyroidism.
Diagnostic approaches and surgical treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Diagnostic approaches for thromboembolism include Doppler probe examination, impedance plethysmography, phleborheography, radio-labeled fibrinogen scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, duplex imaging, and venography. The two primary diagnostic approaches for pulmonary embolism include ventilation/ perfusion lung scanning and pulmonary arteriography. Surgical options available for venous thromboembolism are generally limited to those condition in which limb viability is threatened from acute iliofemoral thrombosis. Vena caval interruption, performed in patients with a contraindication to anticoagulation, a complication during anticoagulant therapy, and recurrent pulmonary embolism in the presence of adequate anticoagulation (among other indications) is best accomplished with the Greenfield filter. Surgical approaches for pulmonary embolism, limited to patients with massive embolism with hypotension, include catheter pulmonary embolectomy and open pulmonary embolectomy.
The Management of Meatal Obstruction due to Kapos’s Sarcoma of the Glans Penis

AbstractKaposi’s sarcoma involving the glans penis was first described in 1902, with a subsequent report of meatal disease in 1943. With the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, genital lesions are becoming more frequently reported, with 51 cases cited in the literature. To date only 4 additional cases of meatal or fossa navicularis involvement have appeared in the literature, 3 of which described difficulty with micturition. We report a case of Kaposi’s sarcoma involving the urethral meatus resulting in documented outflow obstruction, relieved with simple urethral serial dilation performed on an outpatient basis followed by intermittent obturation. We believe that this therapy represents a low risk, cost-effective treatment modality aimed at resolution of symptoms and alleviation of a potential source of infection in the patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Schrödinger Equation Solutions for the Central Field Power Potential Energy I. V ( r ) = V 0 ( r / a 0 ) 2ν−2 , ν ≥ 1

The solution of a generalized non-relativistic Schrodinger equation with radial potential energy V(r)=V 0(r/a 0)2ν−2 is presented. After reviewing the general properties of the radial ordinary differential equation, power series solutions are developed. The Green's function is constructed, its trace and the trace of its first iteration are calculated, and the ability of the traces to provide upper and lower bounds for the ground eigenvalue is examined. In addition, WKB-like solutions for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are derived. The approximation method yields valid eigenvalues for large quantum numbers (Rydberg states).
The Community as a Classroom: Integrating Service Learning

The use of service learning as a pedagogical tool in management education has become more prevalent in the last two decades. Service learning is an experiential learning technique designed to balance academic learning with service work to enhance student learning, encourage civic responsibility, highlight broad implications of management practices, and help universities serve the communities in which they exist. The current paper is organized in three parts. Part One includes a brief literature review including benefits and hindrances to service learning. Part Two includes description of several specific service learning projects conducted by students at the University of Oklahoma at Tulsa. Part Three includes specific recommendations for faculty interested in utilizing service learning projects in human resource management courses.
Cryogenic Etching of High Aspect Ratio 400-nm Pitch Silicon Gratings

The cryogenic process and the Bosch process are two widely used processes for reactive ion etching of high aspect ratio silicon structures. This paper focuses on the cryogenic deep etching of 400-nm pitch silicon gratings with various etching mask materials, including polymer, Cr, SiO2, and Cr-on-polymer. The undercut is found to be the key factor limiting the achievable aspect ratio for the direct hard masks of Cr and SiO2, while the etch selectivity responds to the limitation of the polymer mask. The Cr-on-polymer mask provides the same high selectivity as Cr and reduces the excessive undercut introduced by direct hard masks. By optimizing the etching parameters, we etched a 400-nm pitch grating to $\approx 10.6~\mu \text{m}$ depth, corresponding to an aspect ratio of $\approx 53$ . [2016-0106]
Europe's Foreign and Security Policy: Introduction: foreign and security policy in the European Union

Nothing is possible without men; nothing lasts without institutions . Jean Monnet On November 19, 1970, Europe's novel experiment in regional economic integration quietly delved into uncharted territory. In Munich, at the former Prussian embassy to the Kingdom of Bavaria, European Union (EU) foreign ministers met for the first time under the rubric of a new institutional framework, “European Political Cooperation” (EPC). This meeting represented the latest in a long series of efforts to coordinate the foreign policies of EU member states in areas other than economic affairs. The EU's previous attempts to coordinate such policies, such as the European Defense Community and the European Political Community of the 1950s, and the Fouchet Plans of the 1960s, had failed miserably because of fundamental disagreements about the means and ends of European foreign policy cooperation. Thanks to this legacy, EPC was greeted with considerable uncertainty and skepticism when the EU foreign ministers met in Munich. The meeting aroused little public attention, and EPC participants themselves expected the profound differences in their foreign policy traditions, domestic political cultures, administrative capacities, and global relationships to inhibit their attempts to find a collective voice in world politics. In addition, not only was EPC's scope of action so indeterminate that it threatened to invite more conflict than cooperation, but its mechanisms to induce such cooperation were feeble and peculiar. It was not based on a treaty, nor did it have any permanent organizational machinery. Its rules were extremely vague and its instruments for collective action few.
Victims and Not Violators: Scapegoat Theory and 3 Maccabees 7.10–17:

The aim of this article is to read 3 Mace. 7.10–17 thorough the lens of Rene Girard's four stereotypes of scapegoating. The aim is to show that there is a way to make sense of the gratuitous violence in the scene, other than the explanation provided by the text. Interpreting the story in light of a scapegoating act not only helps to explain the disproportionate degree of punishment suffered by the apostates, but also uncovers a possible literary function for this inexplicable slaughter within the context of the narrative's conclusion. Read along the lines of sacrificial victims, the execution of the apostates makes certain that Philopator and the faithful Jews stand on the same side by story's end. While the execution of the traitors signifies the transference of Philopator's blame from one Jewish group to another, the willingness of the faithful Jews to put to death their own demonstrates once and for all their unyielding loyalty to the crown.
Teaching forensic psychiatry to medical students.

Are separate courses on forensic psychiatry available for medical students? During the 1985 to 1986 academic year, the authors surveyed all U.S. medical schools to identify courses on forensic/legal psychiatry. A minority of schools included separate courses or practicums on forensic psychiatry or mental health law. In a follow-up telephone survey, instructors of each of these courses were interviewed. Information was obtained on format of course, duration, discipline of instructor or instructors, topics covered, reading materials, institutional settings, and the number of students who took the course. The results are discussed and compared with earlier surveys.
Are there alternatives to surgery for Zenker diverticulum

High rates of complications in elderly patients have led to the development of endoscopic procedures.
Salvage Treatment for Recurrent Oral Cancer

The surgical treatment of recurrent or previously treated malignancies of the oral cavity presents one of the greatest challenges known to the head and neck surgeon and reconstructive oncologist. These problems are faced with unfortunate frequency and bring oft-devastating functional cost along with the very real threat of death from uncontrolled locoregional disease. The “successful” (long-term locoregional control, effective palliation, the occasional cure) treatment of these cases requires technical expertise and judgment known only to the most experienced head and neck surgeon. Despite this, treatment failure is common and humbling.
Arnold: An Autonomous Agent to Play FPS Games

Advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous agents to perform well on Atari games, often outperforming humans, using only raw pixels to make their decisions. However, most of these games take place in 2D environments that are fully observable to the agent. In this paper, we present Arnold, a completely autonomous agent to play First-Person Shooter Games using only screen pixel data and demonstrate its effectiveness on Doom, a classical first-person shooter game. Arnold is trained with deep reinforcement learning using a recent Action-Navigation architecture, which uses separate deep neural networks for exploring the map and fighting enemies. Furthermore, it utilizes a lot of techniques such as augmenting high-level game features, reward shaping and sequential updates for efficient training and effective performance. Arnold outperforms average humans as well as in-built game bots on different variations of the deathmatch. It also obtained the highest kill-to-death ratio in both the tracks of the Visual Doom AI Competition and placed second in terms of the number of frags.
Preferences for and perception of cultured marine baitfish by recreational saltwater anglers in Florida

There is strong interest in culturing live marine baitfish for anglers. However, there is scant information about saltwater anglers’ perception of cultured baitfish. Thus, a survey was developed an...
Immunosenescence: the Role of Aging in the Predisposition to Neuro-Infectious Complications Arising from the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

This review highlights some of the important changes in the immune system that occur in the process of normal aging. Immunosenescence as a concept is directly relevant to the world of neuro-inflammation, as it may be a contributing factor to the risks associated with some of the current immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies used in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory disorders. Profound qualitative and quantitative changes occur in the adaptive and innate immunity compartments during aging. These changes may explain why patients of older age are at an increased risk of infections and infection-associated mortality. Immunosenescence-associated changes may be additive or synergistic with the effects produced by immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive medications. Clinicians should exercise a high level of vigilance in monitoring the risk of infections in older patients on these treatments.
Contraception and Breastfeeding at 4 Months Postpartum Among Women Intending to Breastfeed

Abstract Objective: To estimate the association between postpartum contraception and breastfeeding among women intending to breastfeed. Methods: We analyzed data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a prospective cohort study of U.S. mothers (2005–2007). Among 1,349 women with prenatal intention to breastfeed at least 4 months who reported contraception use 3 months postpartum, we used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds and predicted probabilities of breastfeeding by contraceptive category. We considered prenatal breastfeeding intention, age, race, education, income, marital status, region, depressive symptoms, parity, and timing of return to work as potential confounders, using standard statistical methods to determine model covariates. Results: At 3 months postpartum, contraception was reported as follows: 720 (53%) nonhormonal contraceptives (NHCs), 256 (19%) combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), 217 (16%) progestin-only pills (POPs), 92 (7%) intrauterine devices, and 64 (5%) ...
The financial incentives in a shift to capitation for state mental health services

The State of Washington’s Mental Health Division (MHD) is the State agency responsible for providing state sponsored mental health services. In 1993, the MHD received a Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) waiver to implement a statewide system of managed care for outpatient mental health rehabilitation services. Payments were to be prepaid and capitated and based on the numbers of clients in each of at least 3 payment tiers. This paper describes financial findings from a HCFA-mandated evaluation of the waiver. It looks at payment rates for children and adults, by tier, and for separately rated groups such as the categorically needy, medically needy, and disabled clients. Three types of State expenditures are compared in this paper: predicted expenditures based on actuarial projections, expenditures made on the basis of service utilization, and expenditures made after being adjusted for over payment controls. Expenditure predictions were consistently lower than actual expenditures, even after adjustments for over payment.
Comparison of the Self-Assembly Behavior of Fmoc-Phenylalanine and Corresponding Peptoid Derivatives

Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-protected phenylalanine (Fmoc-Phe) derivatives are a privileged class of low molecular weight amino acid hydrogelators that undergo spontaneous self-assembly in water to form one-dimensional (1D) fibril networks. Structural studies indicate that these fibrils feature unidirectional hydrogen bonding and parallel π–π interactions (Fmoc–Fmoc and side chain benzyl–benzyl), which stabilize the 1D fibrils. However, the relative contribution of hydrogen bonding vs π–π interactions in these assemblies is not understood. Herein, we compare the self-assembly of Fmoc-Phe amino acids with corresponding Fmoc-protected peptoid derivatives. The N-benzyl glycine-derived peptoid analogues exhibit altered hydrogen bonding ability and benzyl side chain presentation geometry relative to the parent Fmoc-Phe molecules. We found that Fmoc-peptoid analogues preferentially assemble into two-dimensional (2D) nano- and microsheets that ultimately adopt crystalline states, whereas the Fmoc-Phe amino acids as...
“I was prepared for the worst I guess”: stayers’ and leavers’ perceptions of their Title IV-E education

Child welfare workforces across the nation are experiencing high turnover and have for decades. The chronic cost of turnover makes efforts to increase retention crucial. The Title IV-E education st...
Jackup Rig Construction

Shipyards use labor, materials and capital to turn steel and third party equipment into rigs. Major work activities include welding, material handling, pipe fitting, machinery installation, electrical systems, and outfit materials. Construction requirements include an experienced workforce, land adjacent to a waterway, several cranes, and a large enclosed space for performing high quality welds. Rigs may be built in drydocks or adjacent to a quay. In the U.S., drydocks are not used which necessitates some type of launching system to transfer the constructed rig to the waterway for transportation to market. In this chapter, a high-level narrative of jackup construction is provided with an emphasis on methods used in U.S. shipyards.
Healthcare reform through rationing.

Currently, the U.S. government cannot afford to pay for or ensure access to healthcare without limitations for all its citizens, as healthcare has become so expensive. Therefore, implementation of a rationing program is likely in the future for the U.S. healthcare system. Key stakeholders in such an initiative include citizens, healthcare providers, and the government. Americans expect to have unlimited access to care, but they do not like its high cost. Healthcare providers focus on giving the highest quality of care, with costs as a secondary concern. As a payer, the government wants to provide broader access to healthcare and, at the same time, reduce healthcare expenditures. The current debate over healthcare rationing surrounds three key questions: (1) can medically necessary procedures be ethically denied, (2) do Americans have a right to unlimited access to healthcare regardless of the costs, and (3) what is the limit on the availability of healthcare resources for those with the ability to pay. Proposals for rationing include developing a program similar to the Oregon Health Plan, using the quality-adjusted life years method, promoting self-rationing to consumers, or encouraging healthcare providers to actively and openly participate in bedside rationing. These proposals are evaluated based on their economic efficiency, fairness, and utility. The Oregon Health Plan is recommended among these proposals as it benefits the stakeholders through the explicit and equitable allocation of scarce healthcare resources.
Relative Prevalence and Relations among Stereotyped and Similar Behaviors.

Relative prevalence and relations among stereotyped and similar behaviors were studied in 246 children and adults with developmental disabilities. For each subject, two staff members who knew the participant at least moderately well filled out a checklist of 54 items that sampled various forms of stereotyped behaviors, abnormal focused affections, compulsions, rigidity, savant skills, and defensiveness. Agreements between raters for individual participants were low to moderate. However, the item prevalence scores for the two groups of observers were stable. Correlations between several items were significant. Factor analyses produced weak evidence for a general Stereotypy factor and further evidence for 6 to 8 subfactors, some of which are generally consistent with accepted classification of the types of behaviors studied here.
Grid-Based RFID Localization Using Tag Read Count And Received Signal Strength

Passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have gained immense popularity due to groundbreaking advances in wireless devices and technologies for their wide-scale industrial applications in inventory tracking and management. In this study, we explore the potential of passive RFID systems for indoor localization by developing a grid-based experimental framework using two standard and easily measurable performance metrics: received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and tag read count (TRC). We create scenarios imitating real life challenges such as placing metal objects and other RFID tags in two different read fields (symmetric and asymmetric) to analyze their impacts on location accuracy. We study the prediction potential of RSSI and TRC both independently and collaboratively. In the end, we demonstrate that both signal metrics can be used for localization with sufficient accuracy whereas the best performance is obtained when both metrics are used together for prediction on an artificial neural network especially for more challenging scenarios. Experimental results show an average error of as low as 0.286 (where consecutive grid distance is defined as unity) which satisfies the grid-based localization benchmark of less than 0.5.
Off-Label Use of Clozapine in Children and Adolescents-A Literature Review.

Background Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic typically used for refractory schizophrenia or otherwise psychotic pathology. There are no FDA or manufacturer guidelines for use of clozapine in pediatric population. We investigated the current state of research concerning the use of clozapine in pediatric patients. Areas of uncertainty We describe consistent calls for more research into the long-term and short-term effects of clozapine use in a young patient population. Despite the strongly supported efficacy, questions concerning clear indications for use and risk-benefit analysis persist. We acknowledge that a more comprehensive meta-analysis would greatly benefit the field. However, this is the first article of its kind for clozapine in recent history, and therefore, serves as a focus and reference point for future, more in-depth analyses. Data sources We conducted a search of PubMed, ClinicalKey, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE databases. Keywords used included, in varying combinations: clozapine, off-label, indications, children and adolescent, pediatric, behavioral, suicidality, psychosis, early and very-early onset schizophrenia, side-effect profile, and long-term use. Further criteria and selection are described in Methods below. Results We describe the documented efficacy of clozapine for the management of refractory psychotic and nonpsychotic symptoms in the pediatric population. The authors highlight the risk of unmanaged early-onset schizophrenia, aggressive or suicidal behavior, and severe nonpsychotic pathology. Unfortunately, these studies are generally small. There is little consistency in when clozapine is prescribed, how long it is administered, and how long patients are followed. Despite the lack of FDA and manufacturer guidelines, clozapine continues to be used for the benefit of young patients. Conclusions Indications for prescription of clozapine should be revisited, given the data presented in this manuscript of a low risk-benefit ratio for properly chosen patients. Larger studies should be conducted to provide more statistical power and determine clear guidelines for use, risk of side effects, and long-term adverse events that may arise.
Optimal trajectories and normal load analysis of hypersonic glide vehicles via convex optimization

Abstract Hypersonic trajectory optimization has been intensively investigated through different approaches; however, the normal-load-optimal entry problems were barely studied and reported in the literature. Finding the optimal trajectories with maximum or minimum peak normal load is essential to evaluate the maneuverability and structural strength of the vehicle. In this paper, both the maximum and minimum peak-normal-load entry trajectories are explored using convex optimization. Based on the previous work, the maximum-peak-normal-load entry problem is firstly addressed by a Big-M method and a line-search approach. Through successive relaxations, the nonconvex discrete-event optimal control problem associated with maximum-peak-normal-load entry is transformed into a sequence of mixed-integer convex optimization problems. Then, a line-search technique is introduced to improve the convergence of the proposed method. Additionally, a sequential convex programming method is designed to solve the minimum-peak-normal-load entry problem to comprehensively analyze the normal load during the entry flight. There are efficient solvers that can solve each relaxed convex subproblem with a global optimum if the feasible set of the subproblem is nonempty. The convergence and accuracy of the proposed methodologies are demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the feasibility of the converged solutions is discussed based on an entry-corridor approach.
A response to Samuel James’s ‘J. G. A. Pocock and the Idea of the “Cambridge School” in the History of Political Thought’

This is a very able piece; Samuel James has done a great deal of research, and brought to light a number of articles I don’t remember writing. There is a difficulty, however, that he aims to contra...
Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease: Imaging features and presentations mimicking other pathologies.

Abstract Objective Calcium hydroxyapatite depositional disease (HADD) is usually asymptomatic and self-limiting; however, when there is an associated inflammatory process or HADD occurs in an unusual location, it may mimic trauma, infection, or neoplasm. The purpose of this article is to review the imaging features of HADD and how to distinguish it from more worrisome entities that can have similar appearances. Conclusion An understanding of the presentations of HADD is important to allow early and confident diagnosis. In particular, familiarity with presentations that resemble more ominous pathologies is essential to avoid costly and time-consuming workup or intervention.
The Genetics and Biochemistry of Cell Wall Structure and Synthesis in Neurospora crassa, a Model Filamentous Fungus

This review discusses the wealth of information available for the N. crassa cell wall. The basic organization and structure of the cell wall is presented and how the wall changes during the N. crassa life cycle is discussed. Over forty cell wall glycoproteins have been identified by proteomic analyses. Genetic and biochemical studies have identified many of the key enzymes needed for cell wall biogenesis, and the roles these enzymes play in cell wall biogenesis are discussed. The review includes a discussion of how the major cell wall components (chitin, β-1,3-glucan, mixed β-1,3-/ β-1,4- glucans, glycoproteins, and melanin) are synthesized and incorporated into the cell wall. We present a four-step model for how cell wall glycoproteins are covalently incorporated into the cell wall. In N. crassa, the covalent incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the wall occurs through a glycosidic linkage between lichenin (a mixed β-1,3-/β-1,4- glucan) and a "processed" galactomannan that has been attached to the glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides. The first step is the addition of the galactomannan to the N-linked oligosaccharide. Mutants affected in galactomannan formation are unable to incorporate glycoproteins into their cell walls. The second step is carried out by the enzymes from the GH76 family of α-1,6-mannanases, which cleave the galactomannan to generate a processed galactomannan. The model suggests that the third and fourth steps are carried out by members of the GH72 family of glucanosyltransferases. In the third step the glucanosyltransferases cleave lichenin and generate enzyme/substrate intermediates in which the lichenin is covalently attached to the active site of the glucanosyltransferases. In the final step, the glucanosyltransferases attach the lichenin onto the processed galactomannans, which creates new glycosidic bonds and effectively incorporates the glycoproteins into the cross-linked cell wall glucan/chitin matrix.
Estimation of Bounded Normal Mean: An Alternative Proof for the Discreteness of the Least Favorable Prior

This paper studies the classical Bayesian normal mean estimation problem where the estimand is assumed to be contained in a bounded set. It is known that the least favorable distribution for this mean estimation problem is discrete with finitely many mass points. This work offers an alternative proof utilizing the variational diminishing property of Gaussian kernels.
Venom Immunotherapy: Questions and Controversies

Questions and controversies regarding venom immunotherapy (VIT) remain. It is important to recognize risk factors for severe sting anaphylaxis that guide the recommendation for testing, epinephrine injectors, and VIT. Premedication, rush VIT, and omalizumab are successful in overcoming recurrent systemic reactions to VIT. A maintenance dose is adequate in children, but higher doses are needed in high-risk patients. The consensus on risk of β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients on VIT has shifted to the belief that risk is small. The decision to stop VIT after 5 years rests on known risk factors rather than any diagnostic tests.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act's enhancement of Medicare benefits on preventive services utilization among older adults in the U.S.

Abstract Since 2011, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires the provision of certain recommended clinical preventive services without cost-sharing for individuals in Medicare. We re-visited the effects of the ACA on preventive services utilization under Medicare, using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and examined the ACA's longer-term effects on preventive services utilization among Medicare beneficiaries. We analyzed nationally representative data on non-institutionalized Medicare beneficiaries (n = 27,124) from the 2006–2010 and 2012–2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Preventive services of interest were cholesterol test, blood pressure test, flu shot, endoscopy, blood stool test, clinical breast exam, mammography and prostate exam. We estimated propensity score weighted difference-in-difference (DID) models to test for differences in preventive services utilization based on Medicare insurance status. Nationwide, among beneficiaries with traditional Medicare only, who stood to gain the most from eliminating cost-sharing for preventive services, the percentage of women receiving clinical breast exams rose post-reform (Δ = 8.1%; p 0.05). Based on this analysis of MEPS data spanning 2006–2016, the ACA's enhancement of Medicare coverage had only modest effects on the percentage of beneficiaries receiving a range of preventive services. Medicare beneficiaries should be better informed of the availability of these services and encouraged by their physicians to avail the no cost-sharing incentive of these reforms.
Instructional Design: Evidence-Based Practices in the Flipped Classroom

The flipped model described in Chap. 1 has several key features that simplify the integration of evidence-based practices, leading to improved student learning outcomes. The first key element is the pre-meeting during which initial instruction occurs prior to the in-class time.