cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 947: Effect of estrogen on gene expression profiling in endometrium of obese, insulin resistant animals

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Introduction: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that obese women have a 2-3.5-fold increased risk for endometrial cancer. In an animal model of obesity and insulin resistance, we previously showed that estrogen enhances obese rat endometrial cell proliferation through induction of pro-proliferative gene expression and suppression of anti-proliferative genes. The purpose of the current study is to find new markers that are associated with the pronounced estrogen effect in obese, insulin resistant rat endometrium. Methods: Using ovariectomized Zucker Fa/Fa obese rats and lean control, we compared estrogen induced signaling with cDNA micro-array analysis between obese and lean rat endometrium. RT-qPCR analysis was used to validate micro-array data. For one novel gene, cgrrf1, expression was examined in normal human endometrium and hyperplasia tissue. Results: Micro-array analysis demonstrated that 3040 gene responded to estrogen treatment in lean rat endometrium, while 3291 gene showed response in obese rats. Among them 1927 gene expression were changed in both lean and obese rat. 470 genes expression had pronounced alteration in obese rats than the lean one. These genes included a wide variety of signal pathway like metabolism signaling, acute response signaling, cell cycle, G1/S check point regulation signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, G-protein coupled receptor signaling and Wnt β-catenin signaling. RT-qPCR analysis of gene c-fos and EIG121 expression validated micro-array data, and expression of c-Myc and cyclin A from our previous study also confirmed the micro-array data. Tumor suppressor gene cgrrf1 is one of the genes demonstrating pronounced estrogen effect in obese, insulin resistant rat endometrium: micro-array data showed estrogen treatment significantly decreased cgrrf1 expression in obese rats endometrium (p<0.001), while in lean rats no change was noticed; qPCR data also showed that estrogen had a differential effect on cgrrf1 expression. The inhibiting effect was stronger in obese rats compared with lean rats (decreased 83.3% in obese vs. 68% in lean rats, p<0.05). cgrrf1 expression was significantly lower in hyperplasia compared to normal human endometrium (p<0.001). Insulin sensitizer metformin treatment significantly increased cgrrf1 expression in obese rats (p<0.05), while in lean rats no metformin effect was observed. Conclusion: Micro-array data identified differential gene expression between lean and obese, insulin resistant endometrium. cgrrf1 is a new marker whose expression was down regulated by estrogen treatment in obese, insulin resistant rat endometrium. In human hyperplasia tissue, cgrrf1 expression is significantly down regulated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 947.
Abstract 838: Mdm2 and oncogenic mutant p53 as biomarkers for potential drug targets in estrogen receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer

The study of Mdm2 and oncogenic p53 as biomarkers for potential drug targets in breast cancers has not been developed. Triple negative breast cancers often have gain-of-function oncogenic mutant p53 while estrogen receptor positive breast cancers retain wild-type p53 and over-express Mdm2. We are investigating how to inhibit the growth of various types of breast cancer cell lines when p53 function is compromised. Here we report two approaches. The first approach utilizes the nucleoside analogue 8-aminoadenosine (8-amino-Ado) and the second approach utilizes inducible RNA interference for oncogenic mdm2 or p53. 8-amino-Ado is under pre-clinical investigation for the treatment of hematological malignancies. We investigated if 8-amino-Ado could inhibit breast cancer cell growth and promote cell death in a manner that did not require functional p53 protein and compared this to gemcitabine (a nucleoside analogue used to treat breast cancer). We used the triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 as well as the estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7. 8-amino-Ado promoted death of the triple negative mutant p53 breast cancers as well, or better, than it did for the estrogen receptor positive wild-type p53 breast cancer and in all cases was superior to gemcitabine. For the second approach we constructed cell lines using an inducible shRNA vector that contained a naturally occurring miR sequence. We previously showed that mutant p53 is required for the survival of MDA-MB-231 cells in the absence of serum. Using an inducible p53 shRNA we see that the mutant p53 found in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 gives these cells a survival advantage in the absence of serum and when p53 is knocked down the cells die without PARP cleavage, suggesting non-apoptotic cell death. Estrogen increases the expression of Mdm2 in MCF-7 cells and therefore we investigated if the growth activation feature of estrogen in MCF-7 cells required Mdm2 protein. Induction of mdm2 shRNA reduced the Mdm2 protein level and increased the p21 protein level without a detectable change in p53. Induction of mdm2 shRNA caused a corresponding decrease in estrogen-activated MCF-7 cell growth. Inducible expression of shRNA to p53 or the control construct had no effect on the growth of MCF-7 cells. Our data suggest that 8-amino-Ado induced death occurs via a p53-independent pathway and thus might be beneficial for the treatment of all breast cancers. Additionally Mdm2 and oncogenic mutant p53 are biomarkers that can be used to screen for interfering RNA based and 8-amino-Ado therapeutic approaches for estrogen receptor positive and triple negative breast cancers. This work was supported by The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 838.
Communitarianism, discourse and political opportunity in Republican France

In France, discourse on communitarianism produces historical, cultural and political codes that influence how political actors behave. As such, it plays a crucial role in determining the effectiven...
Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis

Neonatal bacterial meningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Contributing factors to such mortality and morbidity include our incomplete knowledge on the pathogenesis of how meningitis-causing bacteria penetrate the blood brain barrier, emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and difficulty in early diagnosis of meningitis. An early empiric antibiotic treatment is critical for the management of neonates with bacterial meningitis, but early recognition of neonatal meningitis continues to be a challenge. Bacterial nucleic acid–based detection of pathogens and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers will help in the development of early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Bacterial penetration of the blood brain barrier is essential for the development of meningitis, and the continued elucidation of microbial penetration of the blood brain barrier is likely to bring a new approach for prevention and therapy of neonatal bacterial meningitis.
Present resistance situation of Musca domestica and its controlling strategies in Nanyang city

Objective To investigate the present resistance situation of Musca domestica to four kinds of insecticides in Nanyang and provide scientific evidence for its development.Methods Topical method was used.Results In Nanyang city,LD50 of DDVP,deltamethrin,beta-cypermethrin,propoxur were 0.567 0,0.105 2,0.288 0,132.44 μg per fly.Conclusion Musca domestica has high resistance to the four kinds of insecticides,but the resistance to DDVP has increased rather slowly.It is indicated that the integrated management and rational employment of insecticides can restrain and delay the resisitance development of Musca domestica.
Preventive strategies for the older dental patient

The purpose of this article is to review preventive strategies with regards to caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and oral cancer which may be helpful in treating the older patient. Dramatic demographic changes projected for the older population will have a direct impact on the type and quantity of dental services delivered in the future. It will be advantageous for tomorrow's oral health professional to recognize these changes and to adapt preventive and treatment regimens accordingly.
Relationships between polypronuclear fertilization and follicular fluid hormones in gonadotropin-treated women *

Similar incidences of congenital abnormalities in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) pregnancies and births in the general population have not supported earlier concerns that IVF may increase chromosomal aberrations. Nevertheless, polypronuclear fertilization is a common, undesirable, and poorly understood outcome of IVF. We evaluated hormone levels in 20 follicular fluids that were associated with mature oocytes that have fertilized abnormally (≥ pronuclei) and compared them to follicles with mature oocytes that cleaved normally, fertilized but failed to cleave, or did not fertilize. Progesterone (P), androstenedione, estradiol, percent free estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, and prolactin were measured. P levels were significantly higher in follicular fluids associated with oocytes that fertilized abnormally than in the other groups. Levels of the other hormones were similar in all the study groups. We conclude that IVF of oocytes from highly luteinized follicles as judged by P levels may result in polypronuclear fertilization.
Axial, Scalar and Tensor Charges of the Nucleon from 2+1+1-flavor Lattice QCD

We present results for the isovector axial, scalar and tensor charges $g^{u-d}_A$, $g^{u-d}_S$ and $g^{u-d}_T$ of the nucleon needed to probe the Standard Model and novel physics. The axial charge is a fundamental parameter describing the weak interactions of nucleons. The scalar and tensor charges probe novel interactions at the TeV scale in neutron and nuclear $\beta$-decays, and the flavor-diagonal tensor charges $g^{u}_T$, $g^{d}_T$ and $g^{s}_T$ are needed to quantify the contribution of the quark electric dipole moment (EDM) to the neutron EDM. The 9 ensembles, generated by the MILC Collaboration using the HISQ action with 2+1+1 dynamical flavors, span three lattice spacings $a \approx 0.06, 0.09$ and 0.12 fm and light-quark masses corresponding to the pion masses $M_\pi \approx 135, 225$ and 315 MeV. High-statistics estimates on five ensembles using the all-mode-averaging method allow us to quantify all systematic uncertainties and perform a simultaneous extrapolation in the lattice spacing, lattice volume and light-quark masses for the connected contributions. Our final estimates, in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV, of the isovector charges are $g_A^{u-d} = 1.195(33)(20)$, $g_S^{u-d} = 0.97(12)(6) $ and $g_T^{u-d} = 0.987(51)(20)$. The first error includes statistical and all systematic uncertainties except that due to the extrapolation Ansatz, which is given by the second error estimate. Combining our estimate for $g_S^{u-d}$ with the difference of light quarks masses $(m_d-m_u)^{\rm QCD}=2.67(35)$ MeV given by FLAG, we obtain $(M_N-M_P)^{\rm QCD} = 2.59(49)$ MeV. Estimates of the connected part of the flavor-diagonal tensor charges of the proton are $g^{u}_T=0.792(42)$ and $g^{d}_T=-0.194(14)$. Combining our new estimates with precision low-energy experiments, we update constraints on novel scalar and tensor interactions, $\epsilon_{S,T}$, at the TeV scale.
Conductance and activation energy for electron transport in series and parallel intramolecular circuits

We investigate electron transport through series and parallel intramolecular circuits in the framework of the multi-level Redfield theory. Based on the assumption of weak monomer-bath couplings, the simulations depict the length and temperature dependence in six types of intramolecular circuits. In the tunneling regime, we find that the intramolecular circuit rule is only valid in the weak monomer coupling limit. In the thermally activated hopping regime, for circuits based on two different molecular units Ma and Mb with distinct activation energies Eact,a > Eact,b, the activation energies of Ma and Mb in series are nearly the same as Eact,a while those in parallel are nearly the same as Eact,b. This study gives a comprehensive description of electron transport through intramolecular circuits from tunneling to thermally activated hopping. We hope that this work can motivate additional studies to design intramolecular circuits based on different types of building blocks, and to explore the corresponding circuit laws and the length and temperature dependence of conductance.
Treatment of Gastroparesis with Electrical Stimulation

Electrically stimulating the stomach to treat gastroparesis has been proposed by investigators for decades. With the development of techniques of implantable pacing devices and electrodes and promising preliminary results in chronic pacing studies, gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has received increasing attention recently among researchers and clinicians. A number of studies have been performed to investigate the effects of GES on gastric motility, gastric emptying, and gastrointestinal symptoms in both dogs and humans. Based on the frequency of the electrical stimulus used for chronic treatment of gastroparesis, gastric electrical stimulation can be classified into low-frequency stimulation (LFS) and high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Although some of the results are still controversial, the majority of these studies seem to indicate that LFS is able to normalize gastric dysrhythmias and entrain gastric slow waves and accelerate gastric emptying. On the other hand, HFS has no effect on gastric emptying but is able to significantly reduce symptoms of nausea and vomiting in gastroparetic patients. GES has provided an exciting new advance in the treatment of gastroparesis and management of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. This paper will review the available studies of GES in the treatment of gastroparesis and current status of this field.
Interrogating the Roles of Post-Translational Modifications of Non-Histone Proteins.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) allot versatility to the biological functions of highly conserved proteins. Recently, modifications to non-histone proteins such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and many more have been linked to the regulation of pivotal pathways related to cellular response and stability. Due to the roles these dynamic modifications assume, their dysregulation has been associated with cancer and many other important diseases such as inflammatory disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, we present a review and perspective on important post-translational modifications on non-histone proteins, with emphasis on their roles in diseases and small molecule inhibitors developed to target PTM writers. Certain PTMs’ contribution to epigenetics has been extensively expounded; yet more efforts will be needed to systematically dissect their roles on non-histone proteins, especially for their relationships with nononcological disease...
Osseoscopy: Direct Visualization to Assist Core Decompression and Debridement of Necrotic Bone Defects

Free vascularized fibular grafting after core decompression and debridement of necrotic lesions is an effective surgical treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. A technical challenge encountered in performing this procedure is ensuring adequate debridement of necrotic parts while preserving healthy bone. A previously described method accomplishes this indirectly using radioactive contrast media and fluoroscopy, increasing the risk of radiation exposure. We propose a surgical technique using standard arthroscopic equipment to visualize inside the femoral head, facilitating precise and accurate debridement without additional radiation exposure.
Kawasaki disease: Medical therapies

Medical therapies in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) are administered to reduce the prevalence of coronary aneurysms, reduce systemic inflammation, and prevent coronary thrombosis. All patients with acute KD should be treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 2 g/kg, generally administered over 10-12 hours. Aspirin has never been shown to prevent aneurysms, but is given for its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects until the patient has been afebrile for ∼2 days, then lowered to an antiplatelet dose. Adjunctive therapy with a longer course of corticosteroids, together with IVIG and aspirin, may be considered for primary treatment in patients at high risk for development of aneurysms. For patients who have persistent or recrudescent fever after IVIG treatment without other explanation, adjunctive therapies include retreatment with IVIG, a tapering course of corticosteroids, infliximab, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, and other immunomodulatory therapies. Antithrombotic therapies are tailored to the risk of thrombosis, and range from aspirin alone for 4-6 weeks in children without aneurysms to a combination of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for those with giant aneurysms.
Multiple measures of ethnoracial classification in Latin America

Today, most Latin American countries have begun to recognize ethnoracial distinctions, disadvantages and discrimination and they have begun to collect ethnoracial data, in what has been called the ...
Mechanics of Continuous Solids

This chapter introduces notation necessary for designing flexible pavements using mechanics. In addition, mathematics concepts necessary for the purpose of modeling flexible pavements are reviewed. The independent variables \( \vec{x} \) and t are described, and field variables are introduced for the purpose of modeling the performance of flexible pavements. A number of field equations are also introduced that must be satisfied in order to predict the performance of flexible pavements.
The Longitudinal Impact of a Family-Based Communication Intervention on Observational and Self-Reports of Sexual Communication

Parents can play a vital role in shaping teenagers’ sexual attitudes, behavior, and contraceptive use through communication, however, less is known about how to modify parent–adolescent communication among youth with mental health problems. The impact of a family-based sexual risk prevention intervention on both observational and self-report of parent–adolescent sexual communication was examined at 12 months among adolescents with mental health problems. Of the 721 parent–adolescent dyads recruited for the study, 167 videotapes of sexual discussions between parents and adolescent were coded for the family-based intervention and 191 videotapes for the active comparison. Longitudinal analyses examined differences between conditions (family-based vs. comparison) in self-reported and observed parent–adolescent sexual discussions and also examined the impact of gender on intervention response. More parent I-statements, healthier parent body language, and fewer adolescent Negative Vocalizations were detected for family-based intervention participants 12 months after participating in the brief intervention (11 h of total intervention time) relative to those in the comparison condition. Parents in the family-based intervention also self-reported better sexual communication at 12 months. The current study provides supporting evidence that a relatively brief family-based intervention was successful at addressing parent–adolescent sexual communication among a mental health sample.
A Brazilian Teorema : Queering the Family in Hilda Hilst’s O Visitante ( The Visitor )

Hilst’s plays were written between 1967 and 1969, when the theater was a major focal point of cultural resistance to the 1964 authoritarian dictatorship. These plays anticipate Hilst’s prose works by exemplifying the development of her distinctive ecriture feminine, which questions the masculinist authoritarian and patriarchal discourse of Brazil during the first phase of its sequence of military dictatorships. Focusing on the play O visitante, this chapter describes how Hilst’s theater expresses her irreverence toward authority, her mocking of patriarchal power, her questioning of the pieties of bourgeois decency, and her defense of a pansexuality that today we would called queer jouissance.
Testing for Linkage: Phase Known/Unknown

It has been well established in human genetics that when one is testing for linkage between two loci, the significance test must be one-sided for the purpose of reflecting the theoretical limits placed on the estimated recombination fraction. However, the issue becomes obscure when phase-known/-unknown data are considered. This paper presents the subtle difference in hypotheses for testing linkage between two loci when data from which one estimates recombination fractions is phase known or phase unknown. It is shown that a one-sided significance test is appropriate for phase-known data, while a two-sided significance test is correct for phase-unknown data.
Evolved transforms beat the FBI wavelet for improved fingerprint compression and reconstruction

This paper describes the evolution of new wavelet and scaling numbers for optimized transforms that consistently outperform the 9/7 discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for fingerprint compression and reconstruction.
Synthesis of IPNs and Related Materials

Depending on the needs of the investigator, the synthesis of an IPN may be considered from several different points of view. Description according to chemical composition, synthetic mode, and final topology each have their place. Any method of describing the synthesis must distinguish the IPNs from other multicomponent systems and show the relationships among the IPNs. The scope and limitations of each descriptive mode first require definition.
Exploring the spatial hierarchy of mixture models for human pose estimation

Human pose estimation requires a versatile yet well-constrained spatial model for grouping locally ambiguous parts together to produce a globally consistent hypothesis. Previous works either use local deformable models deviating from a certain template, or use a global mixture representation in the pose space. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical spatial model that can capture an exponential number of poses with a compact mixture representation on each part. Using latent nodes, it can represent high-order spatial relationship among parts with exact inference. Different from recent hierarchical models that associate each latent node to a mixture of appearance templates (like HoG), we use the hierarchical structure as a pure spatial prior avoiding the large and often confounding appearance space. We verify the effectiveness of this model in three ways. First, samples representing human-like poses can be drawn from our model, showing its ability to capture high-order dependencies of parts. Second, our model achieves accurate reconstruction of unseen poses compared to a nearest neighbor pose representation. Finally, our model achieves state-of-art performance on three challenging datasets, and substantially outperforms recent hierarchical models.
Competing Military and Civilian Remembrances of “Black Jack” Pershing and the Moros, 1899–1914

This chapter provides readers with an overview of some of the Pershing “pig bullets” references that appeared in American conventional archives and public archives between 1899 and 1914. The author argues that a critical genealogical review of some of the materials left us by anti-imperialists and pro-expansionists shows that perhaps some of Pershing’s troops started to circulate stories about the burial of juramentados with pigs or similar tales around 1904 and these proliferated at the same time that General Pershing rose through the ranks. This chapter also illustrates how American journalistic coverage of General Leonard Wood at Bud Dajo in 1906 and Pershing at Bud Bagsak in 1913 catalyzed anti-imperialist and pro-expansionist debates about who was to blame for the violence.
The Planted Matching Problem: Phase Transitions and Exact Results.

We study the problem of recovering a planted matching in randomly weighted complete bipartite graphs $K_{n,n}$. For some unknown perfect matching $M^*$, the weight of an edge is drawn from one distribution $P$ if $e \in M^*$ and another distribution $Q$ if $e \notin M^*$. Our goal is to infer $M^*$, exactly or approximately, from the edge weights. In this paper we take $P=\exp(\lambda)$ and $Q=\exp(1/n)$, in which case the maximum-likelihood estimator of $M^*$ is the minimum-weight matching $M_{\text{min}}$. We obtain precise results on the overlap between $M^*$ and $M_{\text{min}}$, i.e., the fraction of edges they have in common. For $\lambda \ge 4$ we have almost perfect recovery, with overlap $1-o(1)$ with high probability. For $\lambda < 4$ the expected overlap is an explicit function $\alpha(\lambda) < 1$: we compute it by generalizing Aldous' celebrated proof of the $\zeta(2)$ conjecture for the un-planted model, using local weak convergence to relate $K_{n,n}$ to a type of weighted infinite tree, and then deriving a system of differential equations from a message-passing algorithm on this tree.
Direitos da Personalidade

Uma sociedade regulada juridicamente implica nao apenas que o individuo seja reconhecido como sujeito de direitos e que lhe seja atribuida a liberdade de atuar juridicamente, mas tambem especialmente que a pessoa seja protegida de restricoes indevidas a sua vida e a sua liberdade. O presente artigo oferece um panorama da protecao dos direitos da personalidade pelo direito privado na Alemanha. Serao tematizados aspectos historicos, teorico-juridicos, facetas do direito constitucional e europeu, assim como determinados grupos de casos e, por fim, serao bordados a legitimacao ativa e passiva.
The Importance of Advisor-Advisee Relationships in Graduate School

Have you ever felt uneasy in a relationship, but you could not figure out the exact problem? My advisor was quiet and passive for a while, and he kept hiding his concerns until I met with him to fill out my annual review form, which was required by the department to evaluate the progress of graduate students from the viewpoint of their advisor. I had the toughest conversation with my advisor that day, and it led me to examine the importance of the advisor?advisee relationship. I talked to many faculty members and graduate students about their experiences regarding this issue after that meeting. Little by little, I noticed that the main reason for that tough conversation was my advisor's concerns about my success, but it was hard for me to understand that in the beginning.
A 3D atlas of the dynamic and regional variation of pancreatic innervation in diabetes

Understanding the detailed anatomy of the endocrine pancreas, its innervation, and the remodeling that occurs in diabetes can provide new insights into metabolic disease. Using tissue clearing and whole-organ imaging, we identified the 3D associations between islets and innervation. This technique provided detailed quantification of α and β cell volumes and pancreatic nerve fibers, their distribution and heterogeneity in healthy tissue, canonical mouse models of diabetes, and samples from normal and diabetic human pancreata. Innervation was highly enriched in the mouse endocrine pancreas, with regional differences. Islet nerve density was increased in nonobese diabetic mice, in mice treated with streptozotocin, and in pancreata of human donors with type 2 diabetes. Nerve contacts with β cells were preserved in diabetic mice and humans. In summary, our whole-organ assessment allows comprehensive examination of islet characteristics and their innervation and reveals dynamic regulation of islet innervation in diabetes.
A Comparison of Student Engagement in Flipped, Active Lecture, and Online Counseling Courses

A variety of teaching approaches have recently grown in popularity in counselor education, including flipped learning and online learning, yet no researchers have published comparisons of these cou...
Role of the Nurse in the Palliative Care Community

Nurses comprise the largest health-care workforce. Nurses are on the frontline in the delivery of primary, secondary, and tertiary palliative care. They serve in a variety of roles within the hospital setting, outpatient clinic, home, and community. This chapter highlights the role of the nurse within these settings and the palliative care responsibilities employed in the delivery of palliative care. Nurses are foundational to improve access to patients living in remote regions where resources are sparse. All nurses should be competent in the delivery of primary palliative care; some nurses should choose to further develop palliative skills and knowledge to provide high-quality care.
Records of prehistoric hurricanes on the South Carolina coast based on micropaleontological and sedimentological evidence, with comparison to other Atlantic Coast records: Discussion

In the September 2003 issue of the Geological Society of America Bulletin , David Scott et al. report on the detection of prehistoric hurricanes along the South Carolina coast and their possible relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last ∼5700 yr ([Scott et al., 2003][1]). This
Treatment options for managing obesity in chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of review Obesity is a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of various management options (lifestyle intervention, medications, and bariatric surgery) to address obesity in those with CKD. Recent findings Few clinical trials have examined the benefits of lifestyle modifications in those with preexisting CKD and suggest potential renal and cardiovascular benefits in this population. Yet, superiority of different dietary regimen to facilitate weight loss in CKD is unclear. Although medications could offer short-term benefits and assist weight loss, their safety and long-term benefits warrant further studies in this high-risk population. Observational studies report that bariatric procedures are associated with lower risk of end stage kidney disease. Clinicians should also recognize the higher risk of acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and other complications noted with bariatric surgical procedures. Summary Lifestyle modifications and some weight loss medications may be recommended for facilitating weight loss in CKD. Referral to bariatric centers should be considered among morbidly obese adults with CKD.
High Resolution Computational Modeling of Transcranial Stimulation using the MIDA Head Model

The Boundary Element Fast Multipole Method for computational electromagnetic modeling of transcranial neurostimulation methods is applied to the high-resolution MIDA human head model to investigate the effects of cancellous bone and dura mater on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES). After validating the model and method against commercial electromagnetic software, we show that the cancellous bone of the skull and the dura mater have a negligible effect on TMS but a substantial effect on TES. Further investigation shows that the electric field induced by TES at the inner cortical surface for a simplified model might be proportional to the electric field at the same location for the full model, but this simple scaling operation likely does not hold for the outer cortical surface.
VEGA: a Virtual Environment for Exploring Gender Bias vs. Accuracy Trade-offs in AI Translation Services.

Machine translation services are a very popular class of Artificial Intelligence (AI) services nowadays but public's trust in these services is not guaranteed since they have been shown to have issues like bias. In this work, we focus on the behavior of machine translators with respect to gender bias as well as their accuracy. We have created the first-of-its-kind virtual environment, called VEGA, where the user can interactively explore translation services and compare their trust ratings using different visuals.
Analysis of Outage Frequency and Duration in Distribution Systems using Machine Learning

Outage duration plays an important role in assessing the impacts of distribution system outages. Moreover, whenever an outage occurs, customers are most concerned about when power will be restored, i.e. the duration of the outage. Hence, this paper presents an analysis of the frequency and duration of outages using outage data from a distribution system network. In addition, this study performs a feature importance analysis by using random forests and gradient boosting regressors to determine which features in the outage dataset are most important in predicting the duration of an outage. The results show that climatic description, failed equipment and wind speed are the most important predictors of outage duration in the dataset used in this analysis.
Commentary On : Huxley AK and Angevine JB Jr. Determination of Gestational Age from Lunar Age Assessments in Human Fetal Remains. J Forensic Sci 1998;43(6):1254–1256

Commentary On: Huxley AK and Angevine JB Jr. Determination of Gestational Age from Lunar Age Assessments in Human Fetal Remains. J Forensic Sci 1998;43(6):1254–1256.
A High-Order, Linear Time-Invariant Model for Application to Higher Harmonic Control and Flight Control System Interaction

This research describes a new methodology for the extraction of a high-order, linear time invariant model, which allows the periodicity of the helicopter response to be accurately captured. This model provides the needed level of dynamic fidelity to permit an analysis and optimization of the AFCS and HHC algorithms. The key results of this study indicate that the closed-loop HHC system has little influence on the AFCS or on the vehicle handling qualities, which indicates that the AFCS does not need modification to work with the HHC system. However, the results show that the vibration response to maneuvers must be considered during the HHC design process, and this leads to much higher required HHC loop crossover frequencies. This research also demonstrates that the transient vibration responses during maneuvers can be reduced by optimizing the closed-loop higher harmonic control algorithm using conventional control system analyses.
Cross-linking and Fluorescence Study of the COOH- and NH2-terminal Domains of Intact Caldesmon Bound to Actin

The NH2- and COOH-terminal domains of muscle caldesmon are separated by a long alpha-helical stretch. Cys-580, in the COOH-terminal domain, can be rapidly and efficiently disulfide-cross-linked to Cys-374 of actin by incubation with actin modified with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Graceffa, P., and Jancso, A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 20305-20310). Upon further incubation (+/- tropomyosin), a second cross-link was slowly formed between Cys-153 in the NH2-terminal domain and Cys-374 of another actin monomer. The yield of the second cross-link was relatively insensitive to increasing ionic strength, whereas the caldesmon-actin binding strength decreased considerably, suggesting that the NH2-terminal domain is largely dissociated from actin and becomes slowly cross-linked to it during collisions with the actin filament. In support of these conclusions, the yield of photocross-linking actin to caldesmon specifically labeled with benzophenonemaleimide at Cys-580 was high, but close to zero for caldesmon labeled at Cys-153, and the fluorescence intensity and polarization of tetramethylrhodamine iodoacetamide attached to Cys-580 showed large changes, while there were no changes for the probe at Cys-153 upon binding caldesmon to actin (+/- tropomyosin). These findings are consistent with the knowledge that COOH-terminal fragments of caldesmon bind to actin, whereas NH2-terminal fragments do not. Since the NH2-terminal domain of caldesmon binds to myosin, a dissociated NH2-terminal domain may account for caldesmon's ability to link myosin and actin filaments.
The disparity between willingness to pay and compensation demanded: Another look at laboratory evidence

Abstract The existence of a disparity between willingness to pay and compensation demanded is tested in three controlled experiments. The results indicate a modest initial disparity which is reduced in a learning environment.
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: clinical essentials for the initial evaluation and risk assessment by the primary care physician

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency that frequently results in hospitalization. Rapid initial assessment of clinical parameters such as estimated volume of blood lost, appearance of expelled blood, hypotension, mental status changes, and coagulopathy should all be evaluated as part of the outcomes prediction equation. For upper gastrointestinal bleeding, early endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract will also provide important information to aid in efforts to predict risk. Endoscopic evidence of ongoing rapid bleeding or the presence of a "visible vessel" or adherent clot on the ulcer base are findings that are associated with a high likelihood of continued bleeding or recurrent bleeding. Endoscopic therapy can reduce the rates of recurrent bleeding, surgery, and length of hospital stay in patient with these "stigmata of recent bleeding." Other endoscopic ulcer appearances such as brown or black pigment in the ulcer base or a clean ulcer base do not require endoscopic therapy, as rates of recurrent bleeding are very low for these lesions. Use of these clinical and endoscopic outcome predictors can also be useful in refining triage decisions as to which patients need to be in the intensive care unit, which need to be admitted to the hospital, and which can have early oral feeding and expedited hospital discharge or outpatient care.
In vivo efficacy of B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein immunotoxin against BCL-1 murine B-cell leukemia

We show that a highly aggressive subclone of murine BCL-1 B-lineage leukemia expresses a single 2.4-kb transcript hybridizing to the human CD19 cDNA probe and reacts strongly with the anti-human CD19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) B43, B4, Leu-12, and J3–119. In contrast to their strong reactivity with anti-human CD19 MoAb, BCL-1 cells show no reactivity with MoAb directed against human CD22, CD72, HLA-DR, IgD, or IgM. Western blot analysis of BCL-1 whole cell lysates with the anti- human CD19 MoAb J3–119 showed a single 69-Kd protein band, which was not detected by the negative control MoAb G19.4 (anti-CD3). In contrast to BCL-1 cells, normal BALB/c splenocytes or mouse splenocyte/myeloma hybridoma cell lines did not (1) express any transcripts that hybridized to the human CD19 cDNA probe, (2) react with B43/anti-CD19 MoAb, or (3) express the 69-Kd protein that reacts with the anti-human CD19 MoAb J3–119. Murine BCL-1 B-cell leukemia thus provides a unique model of disseminated B-lineage leukemia to evaluate the antileukemic efficacy of anti-CD19 immunotoxins. This model was subsequently used to evaluate the in vivo homing ability, pharmacokinetics, and antileukemic efficacy of B43 MoAb conjugated to the plant hemitoxin pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP). B43-PAP immunotoxin (1) showed strong and antigen-specific reactivity with BCL-1 cells, (2) promptly penetrated the spleens of leukemic mice, (3) rapidly reduced the BCL-1 leukemia burden of leukemic mice and, most importantly, (4) improved survival. Finally, B43-PAP immunotoxin was more effective against BCL-1 leukemia than 700 cGy (LD100/30) total body irradiation (TBI) followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
Topical Cellulase Application Effects on Tall Fescue Digestibility

Two studies were conducted to assess the effects of topically applying a prepared cellulase solution (PCS) as a forage pretreatment to increase digestibility of tall fezcue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Fall regrowth and stockpiled tall fescue were harvested from the field (Mexico silt loam: fine montmorillonitic mesic Udollic Ochraqualf) and studied in laboratory Exp. 1 and, respectively. Experiment 1 involved topical application of 40 mL of PCS to 100 g ( on a dry-matter basis) dried and fresh leaf materials that had either been chopped or remained whole (...)
The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii

When Mauna Loa showed signs of unrest in the spring of 1974, this volcano, the largest on earth, had not erupted since 1950. This unrest, marked by increased seismic activity and geodetic changes, led to a small summit eruption in July 1975, a type of eruption which in the past had typically been followed by flank activity within a few years. Based on this historic pattern and on the continuing inflation, a forecast was published that called for a major northeast rift zone eruption “between 2,800 and 3,000 meters elevation… sometime before the summer of 1978” [Lockwood et al, 1976]. The forecast proved correct in all details except for timing, which proved in error by almost 6 years!
Physics with the initial state radiation events at B-factory experiments

Abstract Initial state radiation (ISR) events produced in e + e − collisions at the ϒ(4S) energy region can provide access to e + e − annihilations at lower C. M. energies. At B-factory experiments the data rate is substantial for physics at all energies below the ϒ(4S). This paper describes the tagging of the ISR events, and identifies several physics topics that can be studied with the ISR data.
Differences in Family-of-Origin Perceptions among African American, Anglo-American, and Hispanic American College Students

African American, Anglo-American, and Hispanic American graduate and undergraduate students reported their perceptions of their families of origin by completing the Family-of-Origin Scale. Response...
Domain Dynamics in a Ferroelastic Epilayer on a Paraelastic Substrate

This paper models the domain dynamics in a ferroelastic epilayer within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) framework. Constrained on a paraelastic substrate of square symmetry, the epilayer has rectangular symmetry, and forms domains of two variants. The domain wall energy drives the domains to coarsen. The spontaneous strains induce an elastic field, which drives the domains to refine. The competition between coarsening and refining selects an equilibrium domain size. We model the epilayer-substrate as a nonequilibrium thermodynamic system, evolving by the changes in the elastic displacements and the order parameters. The free energy consists of two parts: the bulk elastic energy, and the excess surface energy. The elastic energy density is taken to be quadratic in the strains. The surface energy density is expanded into a polynomial of the order parameters, the gradients of the order parameters, and the strains. In this expansion, the surface stress is taken to be quadratic in the order parameters. The evolution equations are derived from the free energy variation with respect to the order parameters. The elastic field is determined by superposing the Cerruti solution. Examples of computer simulation are presented. ©2002 ASME
Telomerase: putting an end to DNA.

Introduction In cancer research today, telomerase is an area of investigation attracting increasing attention (1). The purpose of this report is to explain what telomerase does and why its study is relevant to cancer.
Overview of patency as an end point of thrombolytic therapy

Abstract Underlying the use of thrombolytic therapy is the hypothesis that reestablishment and maintenance of coronary blood flow (coronary patency) are the primary mechanisms of therapeutic benefit in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Early achievement and maintenance of adequate coronary blood flow (patency) in the infarct-related artery are the primary goals of thrombolytic therapy. One third of patients may achieve spontaneous patency within a few days following acute myocardial infarction. When antithrombotic therapy (i.e., heparin) is administered, this rate increases to >50%, but patency is achieved only gradually and mortality reductions comparable to thrombolytic therapy are not achieved. After administration of a thrombolytic agent, early (90-minute) patency rates are greater with alteplase or anistreplase than with streptokinase. However, patency rates for alteplase decline by 10–30% if intravenous heparin is not given concurrently. When patency is assessed >24 hours following thrombolytic therapy, no significant difference exists among the agents. A single angiographic observation of the artery at 90 minutes, although useful, may be inadequate to distinguish among the beneficial clinical effects of different thrombolytic regimens. The overall reperfusion or patency profile is probably a better basis for assessing relative benefits. Intravenous thrombolytic regimens that are increasingly effective in rapidly achieving and maintaining coronary patency are now available and in further development.
An efficient field screening procedure for identifying transposants for constructing an Ac/Ds-based insertional-mutant library of rice

An efficient system was developed, and several variables tested, for generating a large-scale insertional-mutagenesis population of rice. The most important feature in this improved Ac/Ds tagging s...
Photoaffinity labeling of the insulin receptor in H4 hepatoma cells: lack of cellular receptor processing.

Photoaffinity labeling techniques were used to identify insulin-binding components of the plasma membrane in insulin-responsive, monolayer-cultured hepatoma cells. The activated, photosensitive reagent, an n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoic acid, was coupled with highly purifed insulin, and the hormone derivative was subsequently iodinated, bound to cell surface receptors of intact H4 cells, and photoactivatcd. After dissolution of the cells, labeled proteins were analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The main labeled band exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 130,000. Two minor components of apparent mol wt 95,000 and 40,000 were also identified. Specific labeling of all 3 bands was inhibited by simultaneous incubation of the cells with native insulin, but not by the heterologous hormone, glucagon, prior to photoactivation. Binding of azidobenzoyl-insulin to H4 cells was time-dependent, as was the correlated labeling of receptor components. Band-labeling by the photosensitive insulin derivative was totally light-dependent; spontaneous covalent linking of insulin and receptor was not observed. The labeled receptor-related proteins were not degraded by the cells under our experimental conditions.
Effective deliberation about what to intend: Or striking it rich in a toxin-free environment

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle il existe des raisons speciales qui motivent l'intention d'un acte et qui ne sont pas celles qui motivent l'acte lui-meme. Ces raisons speciales qui motivent l'intention d'un acte peuvent jouer un role deliberatif dans la formation de l'intention de cet acte
Unlocking Historical Audio Collections: Collaborative Cataloging and Batch Searching of 78 rpm Recordings

Historical collections of sound recordings are among the most hidden of library collections, with often little or no bibliographic access in local and union catalogs. In a joint project funded by a grant from the Mellon Foundation, three large sound archives (later four) experimented with large-scale batch searching using OCLC Connexion's batch-processing utility to retrieve available copy for their holdings of 78 rpm recordings, while also providing high quality original cataloging for portions of their collections. This article describes the project, the procedures used, and the challenges faced in the batch searching of historical sound recordings.