cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1892: Identification of differentially methylated genes associated with cetuximab and erlotinib resistance

Anti-EGFR therapy is among the most promising molecular targeted therapies against cancer developed in the past decade. Two classes of EGFR-directed therapeutic inhibitors are currently in clinical use: anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of EGFR, such as erlotinib. Although both classes of drugs are capable of inducing an initial therapeutic response, primary as well as acquired drug resistance is frequently observed. Emerging evidence has linked epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation at CpG islands, to the development of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug resistance. To identify genes that are specifically methylated during the evolution of resistance to anti-EGFR therapeutic agents, we employed two parental NSCLC and HNSCC cell lines and their resistant derivatives to either erlotinib or cetuximab. DNA from each pair was used for methylation-specific array containing a panel of 64 genes that are commonly known to be regulated through promoter methylation. We found that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) was hypermethylated in drug resistant cells generated from both parental cell lines. Restoration of DAPK1 into the resistant cells by stable transfection re-sensitized the cells to both erlotinib and cetuximab. Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DAPK1 induced resistance in the parental sensitive cells. These results demonstrate that DAPK1 plays an important role in both cetuximab and erlotinib resistance in NSCLC and HNSCC cancer cells, and that promoter methylation of its gene frequently occurs during the chronic treatment of anti-EGFR agents. In conclusion, DAPK1 could be a novel target for the improvement of therapeutic benefit of anti-EGFR therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1892. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1892
Review of oral cholecystographic agents for the management of hyperthyroidism.

Abstract Objective Although the use of oral cholecystographic agents (OCAs) had declined due to limited availability, there is literature to suggest it is an effective medication for thyrotoxicosis in appropriate clinical situations. Methods The authors performed a PubMed search and systematically reviewed all the English written case reports, original studies and reviews from 1953 to 2012. Additional information was supplemented from available online pharmacologic databases. Results The off-label use of OCAs was reviewed for the management of neonatal and adult Graves’ disease, subacute thyroiditis, amiodarone-induced thyroiditis (AIT), exogenous hyperthyroidism, toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), thyrotropinoma, thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy, rapid pre-operative control of hyperthyroidism, and thyroid storm. Adverse effects were also reviewed. Conclusion OCAs generally are effective agents in treating thyrotoxicosis in the etiologies reviewed. OCAs are clinically relevant in patients who require rapid control, such as in the pre-operative state or patient who cannot tolerate a thyrotoxicosis state. OCA may also be beneficial in situations where other anti-thyroidal medication would be hazardous or ineffective, such as thionamide allergy or exogenous thyrotoxicosis. Given concern for long-term relapse, OCAs should be considered a short-term bridge to definitive therapy. OCAs are limited in TMNG and should be second line after glucocorticoids in AIT II. OCAs do not preclude the use of radioactive iodine, which can be performed one week after OCA therapy. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:1084-1092)
Three Mesozoic-Cenozoic Hydrocarbon-bearing Systems and The Exploration Strategies of Them

There are three Mesozoic-Cenozoic hydrocarbon bearing systems in Caidamu Basin: Jurassic oil bearing system in the north, Tertiary oil bearing system in the west, and Quaternary gas bearing system in the east. After the exploration and development of many years, in order to find new exploration targets, the reservoir formation elements and dynamic evolution processes of three hydrocarbon bearing systems are analyzed based on the seismic and geological data and the features of hydrocarbon reservoir of the basin. It is held that there is the same regular pattern in three hydrocarbon bearing systems, that is, the hydrocarbon source rock in the west is better than that in the east. The exploration strategies in the future are proposed for three hydrocarbon bearing systems.
Electronic Medical Records

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are changing the nature of practice in health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Many practitioners bemoan the barriers created, but used to their fullest advantage EMRs can improve care coordination, facilitate quality improvement, and improve service delivery. National standards for data sharing within and across EMR systems would further enhance the utility of such tools, but remain difficult to achieve.
Event-based hierarchical control for power flow in vehicle systems

An event-based hierarchical control framework is presented for the control of power flow in vehicle systems. With multiple systems and subsystems interacting over a wide range of timescales, the control performance of vehicle systems can be significantly improved using hierarchical control which directly accounts for interactions among these systems and timescales. However, time-based hierarchical control is highly susceptible to unknown, unanticipated disturbances and faults due to the slow update rates of upper-level controllers. Vehicle systems in particular need the ability to quickly respond and reject the effects of these faults and disturbances. Therefore, an event-based triggering approach is presented, allowing controllers to update in response to a fault instead of waiting for the next time-based update. Results based on a simulated aircraft system show that event-based hierarchical control can significantly reduce the effect of these faults.
CHAPTER 38 – Interventions for the Control of Symptoms

The menopause is a physiologic event that brings clinicians and patients together, providing the opportunity to enroll patients in health maintenance. The failure to respond appropriately (by either clinician or patient) easily leads to a loss of the patient from a practice, but equally, if not more, important is the probability that the loss of a patient from a practice means that another woman has lost her involvement in a preventive health care program. Contrary to popular opinion, the menopause is not a signal of impending decline, but, rather, a wonderful phenomenon that can signal the start of something positive, a good health program. Changes in menstrual function are not symbols of some ominous "change." There are good physiologic reasons for changing menstrual function, and understanding the physiology will do much to reinforce a healthy, normal attitude. Attitude and expectations about the menopause are very important. Women who have been frequent users of health services and who expect to have difficulty at the menopause do experience more symptoms and higher levels of depression.
Integration of Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis: A Bioinformatics Approach

Publisher Summary The current challenge is to integrate the tremendous wealth of information available on the molecular changes associated with normal physiology and disease processes with the practice of pathology. As DNA-based and RNA-based technologies are being introduced into the general practice of pathology, the wealth of new insights provided by these techniques rivals that which became available when immunohistochemistry was introduced, but conceptually the integration of this information into the mainstream of pathology is straightforward and similar to what had been done in the past. However, unlike previous technological developments, the nucleic acid-based technologies can be incorporated into arrays that provide thousands or hundreds of thousands of individual pieces of information—genotype information, information about DNA methylation, data about gene copy number, or RNA expression levels. The analysis of this avalanche of data, which can be generated from a single biopsy or autopsy specimen, requires the techniques of bioinformatics if it is to be reduced to meaningful information. This chapter illustrates the potential for biotechnology to significantly impact the ability to use molecular pathology to understand disease processes. However, the ability to exploit these new technological resources will depend critically on the capability to make sense out of mountains of data collected for a set of pathology samples. The chapter introduces bioinformatics and the resources that are available to pathologists for making full use of genetics, genomics, and proteomics.
Facets of Object Representation: Process and Outcome Over the Course of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

This study explores the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy in improving facets of object relations (OR) functioning over the course of treatment. The sample consisted of 75 outpatients engaged in short-term dynamic psychotherapy at a university-based psychological services clinic. Facets of OR functioning were assessed at pre- and posttreatment by independent raters using the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global rating method (SCORS-G; Stein, Hilsenroth, Slavin-Mulford, & Pinsker, 2011 ; Westen, 1995 ) from in-session patient relational narratives. The Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS; Hilsenroth, Blagys, Ackerman, Bonge, & Blais, 2005 ) was used to assess therapist activity and psychotherapy techniques early in treatment. Independent clinical ratings of OR functioning and psychotherapy technique were conducted and all were found to be in the good to excellent range of reliability. Specific facets of OR functioning improved with medium to large effect changes posttreatment. These adaptive changes were significantly related to the incidence of psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) techniques. Also, this study identified the role specific psychodynamic techniques had in facilitating change in a number of underlying dimensions of OR. Patient self-reported reliable change in symptomatology and reliable change in facets of OR were significantly related as well. This study highlights the utility of incorporating psychological assessment into psychotherapy practice to assess change at the explicit (symptoms) and implicit (OR) level. Limitations of this study, future research directions, and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Protein Kinases and Parkinson’s Disease

Currently, the lack of new drug candidates for the treatment of major neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease has intensified the search for drugs that can be repurposed or repositioned for such treatment. Typically, the search focuses on drugs that have been approved and are used clinically for other indications. Kinase inhibitors represent a family of popular molecules for the treatment and prevention of various cancers, and have emerged as strong candidates for such repurposing because numerous serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the pathobiology of Parkinson’s disease. This review focuses on various kinase-dependent pathways associated with the expression of Parkinson’s disease pathology, and evaluates how inhibitors of these pathways might play a major role as effective therapeutic molecules.
A special issue on cancer immunotherapy

A century ago, Paul Ehrlich postulated that cancer would be quite common in long-lived organisms if not for the protective effects of immunity. Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer can be traced back to William Coley, a surgeon at Cornell University, who treated cancer patients with live bacteria in 1896. In 1980s, Steven Rosenberg and his colleagues developed adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for the treatment of melanoma cancer patients1, providing the first direct evidence that the immune system can be manipulated to achieve therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Despite significant progresses made before 2010, many clinical studies were met only with sporadic success, leading to the disbelief in most people that cancer immunotherapy can effectively treat cancer. However, this view of cancer immunotherapy has been completely changed since 2010. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first blood cell-based vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer in 2010. In following year, FDA approved the first checkpoint inhibitor drug (anti-cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody) for treating metastatic melanoma. Meanwhile, clinical trials using CD19-chimeric antigen receptor (CD19-CAR) and NY-ESO-1-specific T cell receptor (NY-ESO-1 TCR) engineered T cell therapies have also shown promising clinical responses and impressive benefits2,3,4,5. As results, cancer immunotherapy was named as the “Breakthrough of the Year” in 2013 by Science6. Since then, we have witnessed an explosion of the cancer immunotherapy field.
Sex steroid receptor expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is characterized by progressive scarring of the lungs and is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite therapeutic interventions. Sex steroid receptors have been demonstrated to play an important role in chronic lung conditions; however, their significance is unknown in patients with UIP. We retrospectively reviewed 40 idiopathic UIP cases for the expression of hormonal receptors. Forty cases including 10 normal lung, 10 cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, 10 idiopathic organizing diffuse alveolar damage, 7 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and 3 nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis served as controls. Immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor was performed in all groups. Expression of these receptors was assessed in 4 anatomic/pathologic compartments: alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium, arteries/veins, fibroblastic foci/airspace organization, and old scar. All UIPs (100%) stained positive for PR in myofibroblasts in the scarred areas, whereas among the control cases, only 1 nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis case stained focally positive and the rest were negative. PR was positive in myocytes of the large-sized arteries within the fibrotic areas in 31 cases (77.5%). PR was negative within the alveolar and bronchial epithelium, airspace organization, and center of fibroblastic foci; however, weak PR positivity was noted in the peripheral fibroblasts of the fibroblastic foci where they merged with dense fibrous connective tissue scar. All UIP and control cases were negative for androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α. This is the first study to show the expression of PR within the established fibrotic areas of UIP, indicating that progesterone may have profibrotic effects in UIP patients. Hormonal therapy by targeting PR could be of potential benefit in patients with UIP/IPF.
GoDP: Globally Optimized Dual Pathway deep network architecture for facial landmark localization in-the-wild

Abstract Facial landmark localization is a fundamental module for pose-invariant face recognition. The most common approach for facial landmark detection is cascaded regression, which is composed of two steps: feature extraction and facial shape regression. Recent methods employ deep convolutional networks to extract robust features for each step, while the whole system could be regarded as a deep cascaded regression architecture. In this work, instead of employing a deep regression network, a Globally Optimized Dual-Pathway (GoDP) deep architecture is proposed to identify the target pixels through solving a cascaded pixel labeling problem without resorting to high-level inference models or complex stacked architecture. The proposed end-to-end system relies on distance-aware soft-max functions and dual-pathway proposal-refinement architecture. Results show that it outperforms the state-of-the-art cascaded regression-based methods on multiple in-the-wild face alignment databases. The model achieves 1.84 normalized mean error (NME) on the AFLW database [1], which outperforms 3DDFA [2] by 61.8%. Experiments on face identification demonstrate that GoDP, coupled with DPM-headhunter [3], is able to improve rank-1 identification rate by 44.2% compare to Dlib [4] toolbox on a challenging database.
INFLUENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN LINES ISOGENIC FOR PUBESCENCE TYPE ON OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE AND EGG DISTRIBUTION BY CORN EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., lines isogenic for dense (DE), normal (NL), and no (NO) pubescence developed from the cultivar ‘Tracy-M’ were used in free choice tests to determine their influence...
The gospel and the prosperity gospel: Joel Osteen’s Your Best Life Now reconsidered

By examining how theologians and lay scholars should respond to the prosperity gospel, this article argues that theological criticism is less a matter of wholesale rejection of false views and more...
Patch antenna bending effects for wearable applications: Guidelines and design curves

This paper presents a systematic investigation on the bending effects of wearable rectangular patch antennas. Design curves are generated for the resonant frequency variations and radiation pattern variations by simulating patch antennas that are bent on cylindrical surfaces by different angles. A frequency shift vs. bending radius plot has been generated to target on antennas for varies wearable applications.
Tritium process applications using SAES getters for purification and collection from inert gas streams

A zirconium alloy getter-based tritium monitoring and collection system has been designed, built, and subsequently operated for three years at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The system is automated to provide separation of tritium from {sup 41}Ar, collection of tritium on an hourly basis, unloading of getters for on-line tritium measurement via an ion chamber, and recollection of tritium on removable getters for daily assay in the laboratory. Three different SAES Getters alloys are employed to purify the gas stream (St 909), and separate the tritium from {sup 41}Ar and collect the tritium for measurement (St 727 and St 707). This system has demonstrated on-line tritium measurements as low as 20 {mu}Ci per sample with typical decontamination factors from {sup 41}Ar of 10{sup 7}. In addition, laboratory studies aimed at the recovery of tritium from graphitic targets have demonstrated further process applications for these getters. Prototypical gas cooled reactor targets, containing encapsulated {sup 6}Li, were irradiated at the Advanced Test Reactor at this laboratory. Samples were then heated to high temperatures to allow diffusive release of the tritium into a flowing helium stream. St 909 purifier and St 727 collector getters have been employed to demonstrate an efficient tritium recoverymore » process. 14 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.« less
Thai Women: Meditation as a Way to Cope with AIDS

Mental-health professionals often ignore the spirituality and religious beliefs that can aid a person's ability to cope with a life-threatening illness such as HIV/AIDS. As the physical body succumbs to the disease, people with HIV/AIDS search for ways to lower their stress, regain control of their health, attain some peace of mind, and hope to prolong their survival. This sense of personal control is important when dealing with chronic or terminal illness. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of meditation in Thai Buddhist women who are infected with HIV/AIDS. Interviews were conducted with 26 Thai women living in the northern part of Thailand known as Chiang Mai, where the incidence of AIDS is the highest in Southeast Asia. Although the scope of this study is limited and not generalizable, it supports the idea that a spiritual approach to healing, in conjunction with conventional medical treatment, is a source of great comfort to persons living with HIV/AIDS and may influence immune functioning.
International Research Collaborations in Textiles & Apparel: Reflections & Best Practices

The purpose of the presentation was to explore and expand a model for creating international research groups and social entrepreneurial collaborations among academics in the Textiles and Apparel (TA) industry. Topics of discussion included (1) how to empower women and girls in developing economies; (2) envision curriculum, research and entrepreneurship from a critical theory and feminist theory perspectives; (3) developing of a credible research team; (4) maintaining team commitment; (4) overcoming challenges; (5) identifying opportunities;(6) developing and maintaining an international profile; and (6) managing large-scaled international research projects.
The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Harem: From African Slave to Power-Broker

Eunuchs were a common feature of pre- and early modern societies that are now poorly understood. Here, Jane Hathaway offers an in-depth study of the chief of the African eunuchs who guarded the harem of the Ottoman Empire. A wide range of primary sources are used to analyze the Chief Eunuch's origins in East Africa and his political, economic, and religious role from the inception of his office in the late sixteenth century through the dismantling of the palace harem in the early twentieth century. Hathaway highlights the origins of the institution and how the role of eunuchs developed in East Africa, as well as exploring the Chief Eunuch's connections to Egypt and Medina. By tracing the evolution of the office, we see how the Chief Eunuch's functions changed in response to transformations in Ottoman society, from the generalized crisis of the seventeenth century to the westernizing reforms of the nineteenth century.
Photoassisted Modification of and Grafting to Polyethylene

Polyethylene (PE) is widely used in a number of applications, due to a combination of low cost, desirable mechanical properties, low permeability, low surface energy characteristics, etc. Yet in other potential applications, modification of the surface of the polymer - without significant alteration of bulk chemical or physical properties - would be advantageous. For example, the low surface energy of PE (1) is useful in several applications but contributes to low adhesion of inks, coatings, and adhesives. The PE surface can be roughened or micropitted in order to enhance physical interlock type adhesion (2), but the interfacial strength and permanence could be markedly enhanced by formation of chemical bonds or grafts to the PE substrate. This new grafted surface may be comprised of the coating, ink, or adhesive, or it may just exhibit physical or chemical properties different from the PE, thereby allowing better wetting or bonding in a subsequent step.
Shrinking democratic space? Crisis of consensus and contentious politics in Uganda

Previously considered a reforming and promising African country, economically and politically, Uganda has in recent years suffered substantial shrinkage of democratic space. This article argues tha...
Depression, perceived discrimination, and racial barrier awareness as predictors of offending for Black women

AbstractThe lived experiences of Black people are often characterized by racism and race discrimination, but the experiences of Black women are uniquely intensified by multiple intersecting margina...
Detection of Hepatitis (A, B, C and E) Viruses Based on Random Forest, K-nearest and Naïve Bayes Classifier

Recently, the techniques of data mining are broadly used to analyze biomedical data. These techniques have given efficient results in the prediction and classification of diseases severity and diagnosis of sicknesses. Hepatitis is a liver inflammation; it can affect people of all ages. Millions of people globally are thought to be affected by hepatitis. Accurate and early diagnosis of hepatitis can save many patients. Hepatitis is a key challenge for public health care services, due to limited clinical diagnosis of hepatitis disease in its early stages. This paper presents different techniques of data mining techniques used for diagnosing hepatitis and shows the results of different techniques in term of accuracy and training time. We used naive bayes, K-nearest and Random Forest classifier in WEKA software to calculate the result. Naive bayes is the algorithm that used for solving text classification problems. K-nearest neighbor is a simple, supervised machine learning algorithm that is used for both regression and classification problem. Random Forest is one of the most used algorithms for its simplicity and the reason that it can be used for both regression and classification. In naive bayes accuracy of our result can be found 93.2%. In Random Forest classifier the accuracy is 98.6% by using 10 fold cross-validation and in K-nearest neghbor it is become 95.8% by using 10 fold cross-validation.
The Categorical Imperative and Not Being Unworthy of the Event: Ethics in Deleuze's Difference and Repetition

This essay starts from a consideration of Deleuze's theory of time. It begins with the empty form of time. But the essay's aim is to understand Deleuze's reversal of Platonism in his 1968 Differenc...
Assessment and Validation of a Hygroscopic Growth Model with Different Water Activity Estimation Methods.

Hygroscopic growth models are currently of interest as aids for targeting the deposition of inhaled drug particles in preferred areas of the lung that will maximize their pharmaceutical effect. Mat...
Discrimination of seized drug positional isomers based on statistical comparison of electron-ionization mass spectra

Abstract Positional isomers of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) present challenges in seized drug identification given the high degree of similarity in the resulting electron-ionization (EI) mass spectra. In this work, a previously developed method, which is based on the unequal variance t-test, is applied to statistically compare mass spectra with a specific focus on distinction of positional isomers. Two sets of positional isomers were statistically compared: ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of ethylmethcathinone (EMC) and ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of fluoromethamphetamine (FMA). Spectra were also subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) to identify ions contributing to the variance in each data set. For both the EMCs and FMAs, spectra of corresponding isomers were statistically associated at the 99.9% confidence level. Random-match probabilities for associations, which estimate the probability that the mass spectral fragmentation pattern occurs by random chance alone, ranged from 6.5 × 10−35– 5.9 × 10−27. For the EMC isomers, discrimination of the ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers was achieved at the 99.9% confidence level, with up to 16 ions responsible for discrimination. For the FMA isomers, discrimination of isomers was also achieved, albeit at the 99% confidence level due to the higher degree of spectral similarity among these isomers. For FMA comparisons, up to 10 discriminating ions were identified, with the lower number of ions a result of the higher spectral similarity. For both sets of isomers, there was correspondence in the discriminating ions identified by the statistical comparison method and by PCA.
Complications during Lymphangiography and Lymphatic Interventions

Lymphangiography as a diagnostic procedure dates back to the 1950s and was widely performed for several decades until being supplanted by other advanced imaging techniques. With the advent of thoracic duct embolization to treat chylothorax, Constantin Cope ushered in a transition from lymphangiography as a diagnostic procedure to a precursor for lymphatic intervention. Subsequently, technical modifications and applications of lymphatic embolization to other medical conditions have greatly expanded the scope and application of lymphangiography and lymphatic intervention. Although there is increasing familiarity with lymphatic interventions, few interventionalists have performed a high enough volume to be aware of potential complications and their management. Potential complications of lymphangiography and those encountered while performing lymphatic interventions are discussed along with approaches to minimize their risk and management strategies should they occur.
Charge carrier transport in thin conjugated polymer films: influence of morphology and polymer/substrate interactions

The performance of conjugated polymer (CP)-based electronic devices relies on optimal charge carrier mobilities, which are determined by monomeric architecture, degree of polymerization, chain conformation, and the nano- and mesoscale morphologies. With regard to the latter, we discuss two effects that have received limited attention in the literature, yet important for device performance optimization: (1) the role of morphological disorder and of CP/substrate interactions on the in-plane and out-of-plane carrier transport in CPs; (2) the impact of morphological disorder on charge transfer at the CP/substrate interface. The emergence of film thickness-dependent carrier mobilities, varying over two orders of magnitude within a length scale of 200 nm, and band-bending phenomena, extending tens of nanometers within the CP, are associated with these effects. These findings suggest areas for further research in order to enable widespread applications of next-generation CP-based devices. Graphical abstract
Threshold Score for the Self‐Report Pediatric Distress Thermometer Rating Scale in Childhood Cancer Patients.

Objective Although there is enthusiasm for identifying and treating psychosocial problems in childhood cancer patients, there are few validated instruments to help providers identify at-risk children for further assessment. The study objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the self-report pediatric Distress Thermometer Rating Scale (Peds DTRS) in childhood cancer survivors and identify a threshold score to help providers classify pediatric patients. Methods We evaluated 54 children 7-17 years old using 178 Peds DTRS longitudinal data points from the cohort that was used for the original pediatric adaptation of the DTRS. We compared Peds DTRS scores against two established standardized measures using a generalized linear mixed model to deal with the dependency in the longitudinal data to estimate ROC curves and related statistics. Results Results indicate that a score of 3 is a reasonable cutoff to identify distress with children 7-17 years old. This cutoff yielded high sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (79.7%) using the PedsQL Emotional Domain score as the standard. Similar results were obtained using the CDI as the standard, but we are cautious as very few CDI scores reached the cutoff criterion. Exploratory analysis highlighted clinical factors that correlate with increased distress measured using the Peds DTRS. Conclusions The Peds DTRS is a very brief, convenient, and rapid screening tool for global distress in children. Further investigation of the Peds DTRS and other tools can improve the ability of providers to prevent and treat the negative emotional consequences of cancer and improve the quality of survivorship.
Quantifying the relative influence of ice sheets, faults, and instability on channel and gully cross-profile shapes in the Gulf of Alaska

Abstract Convergent tectonics and glaciomarine sedimentary processes in the northern Gulf of Alaska have produced a variety of troughs, canyons, channels, gullies, and other drainage related features over a range of spatial scales. To evaluate the effects of glaciomarine and fault processes on observed drainage morphology we measured regional drainage feature cross-profile shape characteristics across the area. Our results show overlap between U-shaped feature cross-profile locations, ice sheet extents, and instability zones on the shallow shelf and slope that were previously inferred by observations of potential mass-movement structures such as slumps, slides, and debris flows. U-shaped profiles were also observed in areas of recent slope progradation such as the flank of the proximal deep-sea Surveyor Fan. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to relate drainage cross-profile morphology to proxy variables for ice sheets, faults, and instability zones. This method enables quantitative evaluation of the effects on cross-profile shape explainable by each variable as indicated by the magnitude, distribution, and variation of parameter coefficients both at the local and regional scale. Our multiple variable GWR model can explain most of the regional variability in cross-profile shape with the contribution of each parameter varying throughout the study area. Parameters associated with ice sheet extent have the strongest overall relationship with drainage shape, while the distance from an instability zone is the strongest local relationship. The fault proxy parameter shows relatively strong correlations with cross-profile shape near the Transition Fault, and the narrowest zone of morphologic influence overall.
Trends in childhood viable pregnancy and risk of stillbirth in the United States.

There is limited data on the trends of childhood viable pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth in the United States. Our study assessed the trends in childhood viable pregnancy and associated stillbirth rates over the previous three decades, as well as the risk of stillbirth in these highly vulnerable child mothers aged 10–14 compared with teen mothers aged 15–19. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that used birth datasets, fetal death datasets, and the US population census data: 1982–2017. To assess the association between various sociodemographic and maternal comorbidities and stillbirth, we generated adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) from Cox proportional hazards regression models. From 1982 to 2017, viable pregnancy rates declined among children (from 0.3/1000 to 0.06/1000 population) and teens (from 40.5/1000 in 1982 to 18.1/1000). Overall, there were declines in the stillbirth rates in both teens (15–19 years old) and child mothers aged 10–14 years, but the rate remained consistently higher among child mothers vs. teen mothers (14 per 1000 vs. 8 per 1000 viable pregnancies). Compared to teen mothers, childhood pregnancy was modestly associated with an elevated risk for stillbirth (AHR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.05–1.12). Other factors significantly associated with increased risk of stillbirth included maternal race, preterm birth, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and eclampsia (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Childhood pregnancy may be a risk factor for stillbirth. This is the first study to assess the trends in childhood viable pregnancy and the associated stillbirth rates in the United States. These findings further underscore the need for sustained efforts and policies to prevent pregnancies in the early years of reproductive development.
Settle or litigate? Consequences of institutional design in the Inter-American system of human rights protection

Why do states engage in settlements with victims of human rights violations? Although the friendly settlement procedure has been on the books at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights since 1992, states did not begin utilizing the procedure in earnest until nearly ten years later – why? I argue that state behavior – the choice to settle or litigate – at the Inter-American Commission is driven in part by two features of the institution’s design: (1) optional jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court and (2) a 2001 rule change that reduced the level of discretion over submission of cases to the court. Using an original dataset of petitions at the Inter-American Commission, I show that states engaged in more settlements in response to the increased cost of litigation, but that these changes are limited to states under the Inter-American Court’s jurisdiction. Moreover, as a positive, perhaps unintended, consequence, states’ levels of compliance with the Commission’s non-binding recommendations also increased after the rule change. My findings indicate that it is possible for institutions to achieve more desirable or efficient outcomes by changing the rules of the game.
Antideferral Rules Hamper Use of Offshore Corporations

The misconception that U.S. taxes can be avoided by using offshore corporations derives from an understanding of only the general principles of U.S. income taxation. U.S. persons are taxed on their worldwide income, regardless of where they earn income or where they live. Non-U.S. persons, such as offshore corporations, are generally taxed only on their income from U.S. sources. The logical conclusion from these general principles is that all that is needed to avoid U.S. income tax is to have an offshore corporation earn income instead of the U.S. taxpayer. Of course, when the corporation actually distributes income to its U.S. shareholder, the shareholder will be subject to U.S. income tax. The most that a U.S. person can thus hope to achieve by using an offshore corporation is to defer the recognition of income by keeping the income outside of the U.S. This article discusses the six antideferral regimes in effect in 1999: foreign personal holding companies, income of controlled foreign corporations, foreign investment companies, passive foreign investment companies, personal holding companies, and the accumulated earnings tax.
Macroeconomic Adjustment and Reform in Planned Economies

This paper examines the relationship between macroeconomic stabilization and market-oriented reform in planned economies. It emphasizes that market-oriented reform should enhance the likelihood that adjustment to exogenous disturbances will involve genuine adjustment in the sense of actually eliminating or at least reducing both internal and external imbalances. Market-oriented reform should also increase the ability of the authorities to carry out stabilization policies relying on indirect rather than direct instruments. The paper argues that the sustainability of such reform may critically depend on the pursuit of policies that contain inflationary pressures, but that the environment for adoption of such policies will depend in turn on the appropriate sequencing of reform measures.
Beware of the model: reflections on algorithmic research

Over the past four decades the design and analysis of algorithms has been a vibrant area of computer science research, since it was early realized that adoption of a superior algorithm could achieve accelerations unattainable by conceivable technological improvements.
Staphylococcal transfer ribonucleic acids. II. Sequence analysis of isoaccepting glycine transfer ribonucleic acids IA and IB from Staphylococcus epidermidis Texas 26.

Abstract The novel species of tRNAGly from Staphylococcus epidermidis Texas 26 which function in peptidoglycan synthesis but not in protein synthesis have been sequenced. Two closely related sequences are found differing at seven positions. tRNAGlyia has the sequence pG-C-G-G-G-A-G-s4U-AG-U-U-C-A-A-U-U-U-D-A-G-A-A-C-A-C-A-U-U-C-C-U-UC-C-C-G-G-A-A-U-G-A-G-G-U-A-U-A-G-G-U-G-C-A-A-GU-C-C-U-A-U-C-U-U-C-C-G-C-U-C-C-Aoh and tRNAGlyib has the sequence pG-C-G-G-G-A-G-s4U-A-U-U-U-C-A-A-C-UU-U-D-A-G-A-A-U-A-C-G-U-U-C-C-U-U-C-C-C-G-G-A-AC-G-A-G-A-U-A-U-A-G-G-U-G-C-A-A-A-U-C-C-U-A-U-CU-U-C-C-G-C-U-C-C-Aoh.
A Beautiful Math: John Nash, Game Theory, and the Modern Quest for a Code of Nature

Millions have seen the movie and thousands have read the book but few have fully appreciated the mathematics developed by John Nash's beautiful mind. Today Nash's beautiful math has become a universal language for research in the social sciences and has infiltrated the realms of evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and even quantum physics. John Nash won the 1994 Nobel Prize in economics for pioneering research published in the 1950s on a new branch of mathematics known as game theory. At the time of Nash's early work, game theory was briefly popular among some mathematicians and Cold War analysts. But it remained obscure until the 1970s when evolutionary biologists began applying it to their work. In the 1980s economists began to embrace game theory. Since then it has found an ever expanding repertoire of applications among a wide range of scientific disciplines. Today neuroscientists peer into game players' brains, anthropologists play games with people from primitive cultures, biologists use games to explain the evolution of human language, and mathematicians exploit games to better understand social networks. A common thread connecting much of this research is its relevance to the ancient quest for a science of human social behavior, or a Code of Nature, in the spirit of the fictional science of psychohistory described in the famous Foundation novels by the late Isaac Asimov. In A Beautiful Math, acclaimed science writer Tom Siegfried describes how game theory links the life sciences, social sciences, and physical sciences in a way that may bring Asimov's dream closer to reality.
Cleavage of Poly(A)-Binding Protein by Coxsackievirus 2A Protease In Vitro and In Vivo: Another Mechanism for Host Protein Synthesis Shutoff?

Infection of cells by picornaviruses of the rhinovirus, aphthovirus, and enterovirus groups results in the shutoff of host protein synthesis but allows viral protein synthesis to proceed. Although considerable evidence suggests that this shutoff is mediated by the cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4G by sequence-specific viral proteases (2A protease in the case of coxsackievirus), several experimental observations are at variance with this view. Thus, the cleavage of other cellular proteins could contribute to the shutoff of host protein synthesis and stimulation of viral protein synthesis. Recent evidence indicates that the highly conserved 70-kDa cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) participates directly in translation initiation. We have now found that PABP is also proteolytically cleaved during coxsackievirus infection of HeLa cells. The cleavage of PABP correlated better over time with the host translational shutoff and onset of viral protein synthesis than did the cleavage of eIF4G. In vitro experiments with purified rabbit PABP and recombinant human PABP as well as in vivo experiments with Xenopus oocytes and recombinant Xenopus PABP demonstrate that the cleavage is catalyzed by 2A protease directly. N- and C-terminal sequencing indicates that cleavage occurs uniquely in human PABP at 482VANTSTQTM downward arrowGPRPAAAAAA500, separating the four N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (80%) from the C-terminal homodimerization domain (20%). The N-terminal cleavage product of PABP is less efficient than full-length PABP in restoring translation to a PABP-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system. These results suggest that the cleavage of PABP may be another mechanism by which picornaviruses alter the rate and spectrum of protein synthesis.
Tontines for the Young Invincibles

Young adults ages 18-29 have the lowest insurance rate of any age group in the United States. Part of the reason for this is that many young adults underestimate their risk of facing high medical costs - the risk is low, but not as low as these “young invincibles” believe. To address this, the authors draw on behavioral economics and suggest adding to health insurance a feature once common for life insurance policies - a tontine, or “dividend” paid to insureds who end up consuming little health care. The tontine would turn the young invincibles’ underestimation into an incentive to purchase health insurance.
Los enemigos de Mickey

Este articulo analiza la mas reciente novela de Luis Arturo Ramos, Mickey y sus amigos (2010), dentro del contexto de lo que otros intelectuales europeos y latinoamericanos han escrito acerca de los parques Disney. Estos enormes espacios de entretenimiento resultan emblematicos de la cultura norteamericana y de ciertas coordenadas de la llamada postmodernidad. La exploracion narrativa de Disney World en manos de Ramos se representa ficcionalmente a partir de las historias de dos de los encarnadores de Mickey Mouse que resaltan en sus avatares las logicas de la ilusion, el deseo y la fantasia que condicionan a la experiencia dentro de estos recintos.
Defective translocation of PKCepsilon in EtOH-induced inhibition of Mg2+ accumulation in rat hepatocytes.

Background Rats chronically fed ethanol for 3 weeks presented a marked decreased in total hepatic Mg2+ content and required approximately 12 days to restore Mg2+ homeostasis upon ethanol withdrawal. The present study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms responsible for the EtOH-induced delay.
A high temperature creep model for GaAs

Abstract The micro-yield model of Haasen and the existing data-base are used to generate a high temperature creep model for undoped GaAs. The proposed model is consistent with the high- and low-temperature data on critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) and the low-temperature data on dislocation velocities in the matrix.
Nanobarcoding: detecting nanoparticles in biological samples using in situ polymerase chain reaction

Background Determination of the fate of nanoparticles (NPs) in a biological system, or NP biodistribution, is critical in evaluating an NP formulation for nanomedicine. Current methods to determine NP biodistribution are greatly inadequate, due to their limited detection thresholds. Herein, proof of concept of a novel method for improved NP detection based on in situ polymerase chain reaction (ISPCR), coined “nanobarcoding,” is demonstrated.
Further characterization of an outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis with cytadherence properties

To further characterize the chlamydial cytadhesin (CCA), we have examined it for saturability of binding to HeLa cells that were grown as monolayers and in suspension. The CCA exhibited specific cytadherence properties of binding to HeLa cells that appeared to be saturable. The CCA showed a substantial decrease in binding to trypsin-treated HeLa cells in suspension. This finding, together with the fact that the CCA itself is known to be trypsin-sensitive, suggested a protein-protein type of interaction between CCA and HeLa cells. Periodate treatment of the CCA did not result in significant reduction in cytadherence, which implies that sugar moieties were probably not involved in CCA binding to HeLa cells. Whilst attempts to produce antibodies to the CCA in rabbits was unsuccessful, the CCA reacted with antibodies in a human serum known to contain high titer antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, suggesting it can be immunogenic, and is possibly expressed during human infection.
Dual-Aircraft Investigation of the Inner Core of Hurricane Norbert. Part I: Kinematic Structure

Abstract On 24–25 September 1984 air motions and physical processes in the eyewall region of Hurricane Norbert were investigated with two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) WP-3D research aircraft. One aircraft, equipped with the airborne Doppler radar, flew repeated radial penetrations of the eyewall, mapping the three-dimensional wind field throughout a 40-km radius of the storm center. These data provide the first complete documentation of the three-dimensional wind field of the inner core of a hurricane on spatial scales of 10–25 km in the horizontal and 1 km in the vertical and temporal scales of 1–2 h. The wind field was asymmetric, and the asymmetry varied with altitude. As altitude increased the location of the maximum tangential wind sloped upwind, from left of the storm track at 1-km altitude to right of the storm track above 3 km. The radial wind at 1-km altitude was inward in front of the storm and outward behind. This pattern in the radial ...