cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agonist-Dependent Immobilization of Chimeric Bombesin/GRP Receptors: Dependence on c-Src Activity and Dissociation from Internalization

Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that exhibit a decreased mobile fraction compared to a freely mobile plasma membrane protein. Recently, interest has focused on proteins other than heterotrimeric G-proteins that interact with GPCRs as scaffolding structures that affect receptor signal transduction. In order to investigate the physical state of receptors before and after agonist, we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of the bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor fused to the intrinsically fluorescent green fluorescent protein (GFP–GRP receptor) expressed in KNRK cells to measure both the fraction of mobile receptors and their diffusion rate before and after agonist stimulation. In live cells at 37°C, addition of GRP (100 nM) caused a rapid decrease in GFP–GRP receptor mobile fraction from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 0.49 ± 0.05, which was independent of endocytosis. Concurrently, the remaining mobile GFP–GRPreceptors showed an increase in the diffusion rate with the half-time of fluorescent recovery, τ 1/2 = 46 ± 7 s for untreated cells, decreasing to τ 1/2 = 30 ± 6 s for cells treated with GRP. Prior treatment with the Src-specific inhibitor PP-2 (10 μM) blocked GFP–GRP receptor immobilization while treatment with the inactive analog PP-3 (10 μM) did not affect receptor immobilization. These data suggest that agonist-bound GPCR have increased plasma membrane diffusion rates but an increased affinity for immobilization into a multiprotein complex that is mediated by Src activity.
An observational study of the mixing layer in western Oregon.

Abstract Intensive observational studies of the natural ventilation of the Columbia-Willamette Valley region were conducted during the summer of 1970. During a 7 day period lidar measurements of the haze layer were coordinated with rawinsonde, aircraft, and pilot balloon measurements. Temperature and aerosol concentration profiles were obtained from an instrumented light aircraft. The results show good agreement between the estimates of pollutant distribution from the lidar and from direct measurements of particle concentration made from an aircraft. The top of the mixing layer, as defined by these measurements, was generally within a stable layer aloft and the base of the inversion did not appear to be a lid but rather was the height at which the aerosol concentration begins to diminish rapidly.
A survey of exemplar teachers' perceptions, use, and access of computer-based games and technology for classroom instruction

This research reports and analyzes for archival purposes surveyed perceptions, use, and access by 259 United States based exemplar Primary and Secondary educators of computer-based games and technology for classroom instruction. Participating respondents were considered exemplary as they each won the Milken Educator Award during the 1996-2009 computer era. Overall perceptions are reported along with trend, differences in perceptions by subject area taught, and differences in perception by Primary and Secondary teacher population categories. Overall game usage is reported along with association of perceptions with game usage as well as usage differences due to grade category. Among other findings, adoption of computer-based games for educational use in the classroom by exemplar Primary teacher populations appeared to be in the Late Majority stage of the Rogers Technology Adoption Curve while adoption in the classroom by exemplar Secondary teacher populations appeared to be in the beginning of the Early Majority stage.
The treatment of pinworm infection (enterobiasis) with gentian violet suspension.

Summary 1. The percentage of cures in aseries of twenty-six infected children treated with a suspension of gentian violet was 81 per cent. The corrected cure rate was 92.3 per cent. 2. The suspension of gentian violetwas well accepted and tolerated by all forty of the children who received the medication in this study. 3. The nausea and vomiting observedin some patients treated with the enteric-coated gentian violet tablets was not observed in these patients treated with the suspension of gentian violet. Since the nausea and vomiting observed in patients treated with the enteric-coated gentian violet tablets, coupled with the inability of young children to swallow the intact enteric-coated tablets, comprise the major disadvantages in the treatment of enterobiasis with the enteric-coated gentian violet tablets, it appears from this study that the suspension of gentian violet is a more disirable method of treatment than the enteric-coated gentian violet tablets.
A Review of the Physiology and Pharmacology of Peripheral (Vaginal and Clitoral) Female Genital Arousal in the Animal Model

ABSTRACTPurpose: We review contemporary scientific data concerning the physiology and pharmacology of peripheral female genital arousal responses in the animal (rabbit and rat) model.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the contemporary literature and our research studies concerning physiology and pharmacology of peripheral genital arousal from 3 experimental animal models, including genital smooth muscle cell culture, genital strip organ bath and in vivo animal model studies.Results: Nitric oxide (NO) appears to be a key pathway mediating clitoral smooth muscle relaxation. In the vagina NO appeared to have a more controversial role in mediating vaginal muscularis smooth muscle relaxation. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide induced vaginal smooth muscle relaxation. Functional α-adrenergic receptors were expressed in the clitoris and vagina, and mediated norepinephrine induced genital smooth muscle contraction. Androgens and estrogens modulated distinct physiological responses in vagina, and androgens facilit...
Head and body center of gravity control strategies: adaptations following vestibular rehabilitation.

Objective--We present for the first time evidence that vestibulopathy impairs coordination of the head with the body center of gravity (CG) during free speed gait over ground. Vestibulopathic individuals demonstrate uncoordinated movement and gait due, at least in part, to impaired head stability and visual fixation. Vestibular rehabilitation increases speed and stability during gait and stair climbing, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Material and methods--To determine whether these locomotor improvements are due to reorganized coordination of the head with whole body CG, three-dimensional kinematics were obtained from 10 vestibulopathic individuals before and after vestibular rehabilitation and from 10 matched healthy control subjects during unconstrained, paced and in-place gait. Head control patterns were characterized using both qualitative pattern analysis and quantification of coherence between head and body CG displacements. Results--Patterns of head-CG coordination differ...
The adsorption and decomposition of N2O on nickel (100)

Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of N 2 O on clean and oxygen covered Ni(100) surfaces has been studied using a combination of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and molecular beam relaxation spectroscopy (MBRS) techniques. As observed in a previous study of this reaction on the Ni(110) surface, N 2 O decomposes to yield N 2 gas and adsorbed O at temperatures between 200 and 800 K. Measurements at temperatures below 200 K led to the identification of two weakly adsorbed precursor species, one on clean surfaces and the other on surfaces covered with 0.25 ML of adsorbed O. The adsorption rate constants measured for these two species are consistent with values inferred indirectly in the previous study.
Two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and a review of the literature

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare subacute demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the DNA JC human polyomavirus. In immunocompromised hosts, PML is caused by reactivation of a latent infection rather than de novo primary exposure. PML in the setting of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is exceedingly rare. PML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of HCT recipients, autologous or allogeneic, presenting with worsening of neurological symptoms, especially associated with post-transplant neurodegenerative findings. Although DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a promising tool for detecting JC virus, a negative result does not rule out PML. Brain biopsy remains the most reliable and accurate method for diagnosing JC virus-associated PML. Presently, there is no universally effective antiviral therapy against JC virus and outcome is fatal in the majority of cases. We hereby describe two cases of PML developing after allogeneic HCT and provide a comprehensive review of the literature.
IQ independence of measures of dysfunctional cognition

An important step in validating measures of dysfunctional cognition is to ensure that they are not confounded with general intelligence. We evaluated the Cognitions Checklist (Depression and Anxiety subscales), the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and the Hopelessness Scale in a sample of 162 outpatients with depressive or anxiety disorders. These measures were not confounded with fluid or crystallized intelligence. Furthermore, correlations between the dysfunctional cognition scales and symptom severity measures were not attenuated when intelligence was statistically controlled.
Passivation of long-wave infrared InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice detectors

Abstract We have investigated various passivation techniques for type-II InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice (SLS) detectors with p-i-n and PbIbN designs with a 100%-cut-off wavelength of ∼12 μm at 77 K. The passivation schemes include dielectric deposition (silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon dioxide (SiO2), photoresist (SU-8)), chalcogenide treatments (zinc sulfide (ZnS), ammonium sulfide [(NH4)2S]), and electrochemical sulphur deposition. [(NH4)2S] passivation and electrochemical sulphur passivation (ECP) showed the better performances, improving the dark current density by factors of 200 and 25 (p-i-n detector) and ∼3 and 54 (PbIbN detector), respectively (T = 77 K, −0.1 V of applied bias). The specific detectivity D* was improved by a factor of 2 and by an order of magnitude for (NH4)2S and ECP passivated PbIbN detectors, respectively.
Observational Evidence of Kelvin Waves in the Tropical Stratosphere

Abstract This study of synoptic-scale wave motions in the equatorial stratosphere is based on the analysis of six months of radiosonde data from three tropical stations. Fluctuations in the zonal wind with an average period of 15 days, and amplitudes in the order of 8–12 m sec−1 are noted. Corresponding fluctuations are found in the temperature field with amplitudes of 3–5C and a phase lead of ¼ cycle with respect to the zonal wind. These wave motions which propagate phase downward do not appear to involve the meridional wind component. The observed fluctuations resemble Kelvin waves, which represent one of the solutions of the wave equation on an equatorial beta plane. One of the notable features of this type of wave is that it produces an upward flux of westerly momentum. The observations indicate that this flux is large enough to account for the westerly accelerations associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation.
Characterization of angiotensin II-receptor subtypes in podocytes.

Abstract Glomerular podocytes play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. This function may be regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) through activation of cell-surface receptors. Although studies suggest that podocytes express receptors for Ang II, the Ang II binding site has not been characterized with radioligand binding techniques. We therefore used iodine 125–labeled Ang II to monitor Ang II–receptor density during differentiation of a mouse podocyte cell line. Scatchard analyses of equilibrium binding data revealed a single class of high-affinity binding sites (dissociation constant ∼ 3 nmol/L) in both differentiated and nondifferentiated cells. During differentiation, the density of Ang II–receptor sites increased roughly 15-fold in differentiated podocytes (maximal density of specific binding sites 881 fmol/mg protein) compared with that in nondifferentiated cells (52 fmol/mg protein; P 3 H]thymidine incorporation and IP generation were mediated by AT1-receptor activation. These data suggest that glomerular podocytes express a high-affinity binding site for Ang II with pharmacologic characteristics of both AT1 and AT2 receptors. This receptor site is up-regulated during podocyte differentiation, and receptor activation induces both IP generation and DNA synthesis by AT1-dependent mechanisms. We speculate that activation of podocyte Ang II receptors contributes to glomerular damage in disease states.
Correlation of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with neuropathology in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Background: Although the diagnosis of CreutzfeldJakob disease (CJD) is straightforward in fully developed cases, a definitive diagnosis can be difficult early in the course of the illness. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal abnormalities, and recently, diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities, have been described in patients with CJD, suggesting the utility of MRI in the early recognition of CJD. Objective: To correlate diffusion-weighted MRI signal abnormalities with neuropathologic changes in CJD. Materials and Methods: Diffusion-weighted MRI and neuropathologic changes of 2 patients with autopsyproven CJD were examined in a blinded fashion by a neuroradiologist and a neuropathologist. Results: Areas of bright signal on diffusion-weighted MRI correlated with a higher degree of spongiform changes.
One meeting: Federation, integration and interoperability of multiple physical and virtual meeting spaces

There is an abundance of meeting, collaboration and communication tools available in the industry today with a wide variety of available features. This is both a strength and weakness. The flexibility exists to choose the solution(s) that best fits the individual need. However, the lack of integration, federation, interoperability and access may limit the potential overall value. This paper will examine the current state of the meeting landscape and describe the problems and issues that are impediments to a substantial increase in the value of these tools for communication and collaboration. A “One Meeting” concept will be introduced along with a set of requirements and recommendations on how the current limitations can be addressed.
Cylindrical phase change approximation with effective thermal diffusivity

Abstract No exact, general, solution exists for phase change in a cylindrical geometry. In fact, even approximate solutions are rare and limited in applicability. The use of the effective thermal diffusivity concept has allowed a closed form approximate solution to be generated for phase change around a circular cylinder in an infinite medium. The effective diffusivity method permits solutions to be found for phase change problems merely by solving the usually linear, zero latent heat problem analogous to the phase change problem. Phase change problems are often intractable with the usual mathematical methods. The cylindrical formulae given here are shown to be of acceptable accuracy, for most engineering purposes, over a wide range of parameters. No other simple, closed form, approximation is known for the cylindrical system. Although the accuracy of the effective diffusivity method has been demonstrated for the cylindrical geometry, application to other geometries must be verified.
Twelve-month comparison of two treatments for erectile dysfunction: Self-injection versus external vacuum devices

Abstract This study directly compared two nonsurgical treatments for erectile dysfunction, self-injection of papaverine/phentolamine and external vacuum devices, in terms of usage rates, effectiveness, side effects, dropout rates, and impact on patient sexual and psychologic functioning. Both alternatives were regularly, successfully, and safely used by patients, though. dropout rates were higher for self-injection. Both produced erections of improved quality, and effected sustained improvements in frequency of intercourse, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction. Spontaneous erections also improved with both treatments. General psychiatric symptomatology was decreased, and anxiety was improved. There were no differences between the two treatments in sexual or psychologic impact. Relative contraindications and esthetic considerations are presented.
Exits From the Australian Dairy-Industry Causes and Predictions

An analysis of data from Bureau of Agricultural Economics surveys established that farms that left the dairy industry in the 1970s were generally smaller than average, less profitable, and more likely to be those from which cream was still being delivered in cans. In addition, it was found that the probability of exit seemed to be little affected by movements in the relative prices of dairy products and beef. Predictive models which should prove useful in estimating future rates of exit from dairying were derived. Use of one of the models on 1979–80 data suggests the exit rate from the industry should be easing.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in a Model Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Particle image velocimetry was used to measure 2D velocity fields in representative regions of interest within flow channels of interdigitated and single-serpentine proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell models. The model dimensions, gas diffusion layer (GDL) permeability, working fluid, and flow rates were selected to be geometrically and dynamically similar to the cathode-side airflow in a typical PEM fuel cell. The model was easily reconfigurable between parallel, single-serpentine, and interdigitated flow fields, and was constructed from transparent materials to enable optical imaging. Velocity maps were obtained of both the primary and secondary flow within the channels. Measurements of the secondary flows in interdigitated and single-serpentine flow fields indicate that significant portions of the flow travel between adjacent channels through the porous medium. Such convective bypass can enhance fuel cell performance by supplying fresh reactant to the lands regions and also by driving out product water from under the lands to the flow channels.
Light therapy and supplementary Riboflavin in the SOD1 transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS).

Background and Objective Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play an important role in motor neuron loss in ALS. Light therapy (LT) has biomodulatory effects on mitochondria. Riboflavin improves energy efficiency in mitochondria and reduces oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the synergistic effect of LT and riboflavin on the survival of motor neurons in a mouse model of FALS. Study Design/Materials and Methods G93A SOD1 transgenic mice were divided into four groups: Control, Riboflavin, Light, and Riboflavin+Light (combination). Mice were treated from 51 days of age until death. A single set of LT parameters was used: 810 nm diode laser, 140-mW output power, 1.4 cm2 spot area, 120 seconds treatment duration, and 12 J/cm2 energy density. Behavioral tests and weight monitoring were done weekly. At end stage of the disease, mice were euthanized, survival data was collected and immunohistochemistry and motor neuron counts were performed. Results There was no difference in survival between groups. Motor function was not significantly improved with the exception of the rotarod test which showed significant improvement in the Light group in the early stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical expression of the astrocyte marker, glial fibrilary acidic protein, was significantly reduced in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord as a result of LT. There was no difference in the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the lumbar enlargement between groups. Conclusions The lack of significant improvement in survival and motor performance indicates study interventions were ineffective in altering disease progression in the G93A SOD1 mice. Our findings have potential implications for the conceptual use of light to treat other neurodegenerative diseases that have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:52–59, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electrodeless Metal-Halide Lamps

The atomic spectra of high-melting point metals can be excited in electrodeless lamps if a volatile salt of the metal is introduced into the lamp together with a noble gas at a pressure of a few mm (Hg). The lamps are simply prepared from lengths of Pyrex or Vycor tubing, excited with microwaves and produce sharp spectral lines free from self-reversal. Lamps have been prepared which emit atomic spectra of Be Ti Fe Ni, Cu, Mo, and U.
Coupling of polar phonons and magnetoplasma modes of a degenerate semiconductor

Abstract The normal modes of a degenerate polar semiconductor are studied for arbitrary direction of propagation relative to a uniform d.c. magnetic field. Dispersion of the modes and optical reflectivity are calculated in the long wavelength limit.
Diels―Alder reactions of quinone sulfoxides

On etudie la cycloaddition d'une serie de composes dieniques avec la benzenesulfonyl-2 tetrahydro-1,2,3,4 naphtoquinone-1,4. L'elimination facile de l'acide benzenesulfenique en fait une methode interessante pour la preparation des anthracyclinones
Vibrational and electronic properties of cyanide adsorbed on metal electrodes

Abstract The origin of the potential dependence of the high vibration frequency v CN is explained as a Stark effect. It is shown by means of ab initio cluster calculations that the coupling of v CN to the low frequency metal-ligand stretch plays a crucial role.
Junctional adhesion molecule-A is critical for the formation of pseudocanaliculi and modulates E-cadherin expression in hepatic cells

Hepatocytes are polarized epithelial cells whose function depends upon their ability to distinguish between the apical and basolateral surfaces that are located at intercellular tight junctions. It has been proposed that the signaling cascades originating at these junctions influence cellular activity by controlling gene expression in the cell nucleus. To assess the validity of this proposal with regard to hepatocytes, we depleted expression of the tight junction protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Reduction of JAM-A resulted in a striking change in cell morphology, with cells forming sheets 1-2 cells thick instead of the normal multilayered clusters. In the absence of JAM-A, other tight junction proteins were mislocalized, and pseudocanaliculi, which form the apical face of the hepatocyte, were consequently absent. There was a strong transcriptional induction of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin in cells with reduced levels of JAM-A. This increase in E-cadherin was partially responsible for the observed alterations in cell morphology and mislocalization of tight junction proteins. We therefore propose the existence of a novel mechanism of cross-talk between specific components of tight and adherens junctions that can be utilized to regulate adhesion between hepatic cells.
Equations and dot-depth one

This paper studies the fine structure of the Straubing hierarchy of star-free languages. Sequences of equations are defined and are shown to be sufficiently strong to characterize completely the monoid varieties of a natural subhierarchy of level one. In a few cases, it is also shown that those sequences of equations are equivalent to finite ones. Extensions to a natural sublevel of level two are discussed.
Subacute bacterial endocarditis of undetermined etiology.

Abstract Of A current series of 166 patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis, we have encountered eleven (7 per cent) with consistently sterile blood cultures despite recourse to anaerobic methods, enriched mediums, arterial punctures, and cultures taken after the administration of epinephrine. ∗ ∗Epinephrine technique for obtaining positive blood cultures was originally suggested by Dr. Myron Prinzmetal and Dr. B. S. Oppenheimer. The diagnosis in two of our patients was confirmed by necropsy findings. In the remainder, the recognition of the presence of the syndrome was dependent upon the classical manifestations of protracted fever, valvulitis, embolic phenomena, and usually a splenomegaly. Needless to say, the other possible etiological factors in a prolonged pyrexia were excluded by extensive laboratory investigations. This communication has for its purpose a summation of eleven histories, a report of the responses to therapy, and the suggestion that the response to treatment with anti-infective agents be employed in the future as a therapeutic test.
Efficiency and scaling of the screened Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method for large-scale calculations

Abstract Within the screened Green's function electronic-structure method, we show that highly-accurate, total-energy calculations can be performed in k -space representation with O (N 1+ϵ ) scaling where, for many systems, including the most of metallic alloys, ϵ=0–0.2. Such O (N) scaling is achieved by making use of iterative methods for matrix inversion in combination with sparse-matrix techniques. We discuss initial findings for inter-dependence of iterative method, preconditioner, and sparsity to achieve efficiency. For density of states calculations scaling depends significantly on the accuracy desired.
PERFORMANCE OF THE SPIN CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE DME-A SATELLITE.

Abstract : The Direct Measurement Explorer-A (DME-A) satellite was launched in November 1965 into a near-earth orbit ranging between altitudes of 500 and 3000 km to sample and measure charged particles. The attitude control system is used to keep the spin axis aligned with the orbit normal and to maintain the spin rate. Spin axis control is achieved by a chargeable permanent magnet system which is operated upon command and reacts with the earth's field to produce precession of several degrees per minute. With this system the spin axis was kept within 10 degrees of the orbit normal for several weeks at a time, although larger deviations have been tolerated. The spin rate was observed to decay at 0.05 rpm per day. Periodic use of the spin rate control system has compensated for spin decay. This system is analogous to a DC motor in which the entire satellite is the armature. (Author)
Capacity of, and Demand for, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Educational Programs: A Missing Piece of the Workforce Puzzle

Background: In contrast to family nurse practitioners and other adult nurse practitioners, the percentage of new pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) graduating each year has not increased. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether the marginal increase in the pipeline for PNPs is related to a limit in the capacity of educational programs or whether unfilled student openings exist. Methods: Self-administered survey of program directors at all recognized PNP educational programs in the United States. Results: Approximately 10% of PNP programs in the United States were either closed, put on hold, or did not have new graduates in the last 3 years. Even with these closures, over 25% of active programs did not fill all available positions for the class entering in 2012. Conclusion: Despite evidence that demonstrates plans by employers to hire a greater number of PNPs in a variety of clinical venues including pediatric hospitals, primary care and subspecialty pediatric practices, the PNP pipeline has remained relatively stagnant. More than one third of program directors do not believe that their PNP program is currently at capacity, indicating that underutilized capacity to educate PNPs is a hindrance to meeting the current and future demands for these professionals.
Pinholes in Al thin films: their effects on TFT characteristics and a taguchi method analysis of their origins

Abstract The effects of pinholes in the aluminum gate electrode on the characteristics of thin-film transistors (TFTs) were investigated. It was found that the TFT characteristics are degraded by pinholes in the aluminum thin film in the case of an etching-stopper-type inverted staggered TFT fabricated by using a back-side exposure process. By means of Taguchi methods, it was found that the generation of pinholes in the aluminum thin film is strongly related to the sputtering parameters, and that the pinhole density is related to the surface roughness of the Al thin film.
Generation and Selection of Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNA with Large Open Reading Frame by RNA Recombination and Possible Editing

All of the coronavirus defective interfering (DI) RNAs analyzed thus far contain an open reading frame (ORF) from which DI RNA-specific protein(s) are translated, although the function of the DI-specific protein and the significance of the ORF are not known. A complete cDNA clone of a mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) DI RNA, NE-1, containing a single nucleotide deletion in the 5' region of the ORF was obtained and analyzed. Due to this single nucleotide deletion, a DI-specific protein of 7.5-kDa was made from NE-1, in contrast to the 88-kDa protein made from the wild-type DI RNA. NE-1 RNA was efficiently replicated after transfection into MHV-infected cells. However, after one passage of NE-1 RNA-containing virus, the 88-kDa wild-type protein was synthesized, indicating that the large ORF was restored during NE-1 DI RNA replication. Sequence analysis of NE-1 DI RNA from infected cells demonstrated that in approximately half of the DI RNA population, the ORF was restored by RNA recombination between NE-1 DI RNA and helper virus genomic sequence. The sequences of other DI RNAs contained an additional nontemplated A at the five-A sequence nine nucleotides upstream of the deletion site, resulting in a stretch of six consecutive As. In these "edited"-type DI RNAs, the original nucleotide deletion was maintained and no RNA recombination was observed. This "editing" produced an ORF of the same size as the wild-type DI RNA. We conclude that the DI RNA with a large ORF has a selective advantage. There was no significant difference in replication efficiency among these RNAs when they replicated alone. However, cotransfection of two DI RNA species and time course experiments suggested that homologous interference and other mechanism(s) during the early stage of virus multiplication are responsible for the accumulation of DI RNAs containing the large ORF.
X-ray crystal structure of cis-mini-3 (a spiralene[3])

Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of the highly crowded cis isomer of the lowest member of the homologs of β-carotene has been determined at 120K. The triene chromophore exists in the postulated bis-S-cis conformation, assuming the novel spiral shape suitable for secondary 1,6-orbital interaction.
Differential effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on phosphoinositide turnover in the antipodal plasma membranes of colonic epithelial cells

Abstract 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol stimulates membrane phosphoinositide turnover in colonic epithelial and other cells, but the effects of this hormone on phosphoinositide metabolism in specific antipodal plasma membranes has not been examined. In the present studies, addition of 10−8M 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to rat colonic crypts for 90 seconds decreased the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate content and increased the diacylglycerol content of the baso-lateral, but not the brush border plasma membrane. Using Caco-2 cells grown as tight polarized monolayers, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol reduced cellular phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and increased cellular inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol when added to the buffer bathing the baso-lateral, but not the brush border membrane surface. These data indicate, therefore, that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol activates the phosphoinositol signal transduction cascade specifically in the baso-lateral cell membrane of colonic cells.
Use of Carbon Nanofibers in the Removal of Organic Solvents from Water

Catalytically grown carbon nanofibers are a set of novel structures that are produced by the decomposition of selected carbon-containing gases over metal particles. These conformations consist of nanosized graphite platelets separated a distance of at least 0.34 nm and stacked in various orientations with respect to the fiber axis. Such an arrangement results in a unique structure that is composed of an infinite number of extremely short and narrow pores, suitable for the sequestering of small molecules. We have attempted to capitalize on this blend of properties by using such structures for the selective removal of organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Experimental results indicate that nanofibers possessing a structure in which the graphite platelets are aligned perpendicular to the fiber axis and possessing a high degree of structural perfection exhibit superior selective adsorption properties with respect to removal of alcohols from aqueous media over those displayed by active carbon. Adsorption ...
Toxicity of anaesthetics.

Abstract Unwanted side-effects of anaesthetic drugs that occur during anaesthesia or during the post-operative recovery period are what concern anaesthesiologists and anaesthetists. Occupational risks are of concern to all health-care professionals who administer anaesthetics or who are incidentally exposed to anaesthetic gases. After regulatory requirements for marketing drugs are met, the qualitative and quantitative nature of side-effects of the drugs in the target population and the risk of incidental exposure of health-care professionals are generally well defined. However, sometimes unwanted side-effects are first detected after post-approval marketing. Numerous scientific disciplines with specialized terminology contribute to the body of knowledge about anaesthetic toxicity. Scientific inquiry spanning a range of disciplines from molecular biology to global ecology provides information essential for predicting, assessing, avoiding and treating the untoward effects of anaesthetics. Contemporary concerns with respect to side-effects of anaesthetic drugs include delayed recovery of cognitive function, addiction and tolerance, local anaesthetic cardiotoxicity and tissue toxicity, relative toxicity of enantiomeric forms of drugs, and the role of biotransformation in unwanted responses to anaesthetic drug administration.
A new laboratory source of ozone and its potential atmospheric implications.

Although 248-nm radiation falls 0.12 eV short of the energy needed to dissociate O2, large densities of ozone (O3) can be produced from unfocused 248-nm KrF excimer laser irradiation of pure O2. As soon as any O3 is present, it strongly absorbs the 248-nanometer radiation and dissociates to vibrationally excited ground state O2 (among other products), with a quantum yield of 0.1 to 0.15. During the laser pulse, a portion of these molecules absorb a photon and dissociate, which results in the production of three oxygen atoms for one O3 molecule destroyed. Recombination then converts these atoms to O3, and thus O3 production in the system is autocatalytic. A deficiency exists in current models of O3 photochemistry in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, in that more O3 is found than can be explained. A detailed analysis of the system as it applies to the upper atmosphere is not yet possible, but with reasonable assumptions about O2 vibrational distributions resulting from O3 photodissociation and about relaxation rates of vibrationally excited O2, a case can be made for the importance of including this mechanism in the models.
Requirement of a Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein Family Member for Cell Adhesion, the Formation of Filopodia, and Chemotaxis in Dictyostelium

We have examined the function of a member of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family of proteins (DdVASP) in Dictyostelium. Ddvasp null cells lack filopodia, whereas targeting DdVASP to the plasma membrane with a myristoyl tag results in a significant increase in filopodia. The proline-rich domain-Ena/VASP homology 2 structure is required for both actin polymerization activity and filopodia formation. Ddvasp null cells exhibit a chemotaxis defect, which appears to be due to a defect in the ability of the cells to properly adhere to the substratum and to suppress lateral pseudopod extension. We demonstrate that during chemotaxis, the anterior approximately 50% of the cell lifts from the substratum and remains elevated for up to 1 min. These defects lead to a significant decrease in chemotaxis efficiency. DdVASP localizes to the leading edge in migrating cells and to the tips of filopodia. In addition, Ddvasp null cells have a defect in particle adhesion but internalize particles normally. Our results provide new insights into the function of DdVASP in controlling the actin cytoskeleton during chemotaxis and filopodia formation.
Abstract B40: micro-RNA-128 regulated gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose: Each year in the United States there are more than 65,000 Americans diagnosed with head and neck cancer and 25,000 die from this disease. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease with complex molecular abnormalities. African Americans have an incidence approximately twice higher than Caucasian men. The overexpression of BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene (BMI-1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in HNSCC cases has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis and survival in HNSCC. MicroRNAs are a class of posttranslational regulators of gene expression and have been shown to regulate a number of biological processes. In this study, we investigate that mechanism of microRNA-128 (miR-128) involved the regulation of BMI-1 and EGFR gene expressions in HNSCC. Methods: We generated stably expressing exogenous miRNA-128 in HNSCC of the Larynx (JHU-22) using lentivirus infection, performed colony formation assays to determine cell growth and proliferation, QRT-PCR to analyze gene expression, and western blot analysis to evaluate protein expression. Results: The transfected JHU-22miR-128 cell line stably expressed exogenous miR-128 in vitro and in vivo tumor xenografts. Compared with the control vector cells, the cell growth and proliferation decreased significantly in JHU-22miR-128 cells and JHU-22miR-128 tumor xenografts. However, the level of BMI-1proteins was decreased more than EGFR in transfected JHU-22miR-128 cells. Conclusion: miR-128 is able to significantly inhibit BMI-1protein expression, partially affects EGFR protein expression. miR-128 has a putative target site within the mRNA 3′UTR of Bmi-1 and EGFR. Therefore, miR-128 regulates the proliferative pathway in HNSCC. MiR −128 have potential to serve as a therapeutic approach to specifically target EGFR in HNSCC. This work was supported in part by grants P20 CA118770 from National Cancer Institute. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B40.
Quantification of urban organic aerosols at a molecular level: Identification, abundance and seasonal variation

Organic aerosol samples collected systematically throughout a complete annual cycle at four urban sites in southern California are examined by high-resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. More than 80 organic compounds are quantified and their seasonal ambient concentration patterns are discussed. Primary organic aerosol constituents are readily identified, revealing an annual pattern, with high winter and low summer concentrations. In contrast, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids of possible secondary origin show a reverse pattern, with high concentrations in late spring/early summer. Concentration patterns similar to the secondary dicarboxylic acids also are found for aromatic polycarboxylic acids, certain lower molecular weight n-alkanoic acids, a nonanal and other compounds. Molecular markers characteristic of woodsmoke are identified, and their concentrations change by season in close agreement with prior estimates of the seasonal use of wood as a fuel. This data set can be used to evaluate the predictions of mathematical models for the atmospheric transport and reaction of organic aerosol constituents defined at a molecular level.
Large-scale spatial synchrony and the stability of forest biodiversity revisited

Aims Mechanisms contributing to species coexistence have at least one of two modes of action: (i) stabilization of populations through restoring forces and (ii) equalization of fitness across individuals of different species. Recently, ecologists have begun gleaning the relative roles of these by testing the predictions of neutral theory, which predicts the properties of communities under pure fitness equalization. This null hypothesis was rejected for forests of southern Ontario based on large-scale (;100 km) spatial synchrony evident in the fossil pollen record over the entire Holocene, and the argument that a species’ relative abundance would instead vary independently at such distances in the absence of stabilizing mechanisms. This test of neutral theory was criticized based on the idea that the synchrony might be produced by dispersal alone. Here, I revisit this test of neutral theory by explicitly calculating the synchrony expected in these forests using a novel simulation method enabling examination of the distribution of a species over large spatial and temporal scales. Methods A novel neutral simulation algorithm tracking only the focal species was used to calculate the neutral expectation for spatial synchrony properties examined empirically by Clark and MacLachlan [(2003) Stability of forest biodiversity. Nature 423:635–8] using fossil pollen data from eight lake sites. The coefficient of variation (CV) in a species’ relative abundance across the eight sites (initiated at about 10% with a small CV) was calculated for 10 runs over a 10 000 year time interval. The CV reflects the level of spatial synchrony in that less synchronous dynamics should lead to more variation across space (a higher equilibrium CV), and in particular, a greater increase in the CV over time from a small initial value. A ‘two dimensional t’ fat-tailed dispersal kernel was assumed with parameters set to the median derived from seed trap data for deciduous wind-dispersed trees. Robustness of results to assumed dispersal distance, density of trees on the landscape, site sizes, age at maturity and starting spatial distribution were checked. Important Findings In contrast to the prediction of Clark and MacLachlan that, in the absence of stabilization, the CV across the sites should increase over time from levels observed at the beginning of the Holocene, under fat-tailed dispersal my neutral model robustly predicted only a brief (50 years) and small increase in the CV. I conclude that purely fitnessequalized species coexistence cannot be rejected based on the observed lack of increase in the CV across the eight sites in southern Ontario over the Holocene. Synchronous variation in environmental factors could alternatively explain the observed synchrony without the need for stabilization. However, neither dispersal nor environmental synchrony seems likely explanations for the quick widespread recovery of Tsuga in the Holocene after its seeming decimation, likely due to a pest outbreak.
On the estimation of scale parameters

If Y1 ≤ … ≤ Yn are ordered observations from a population with cumulative distribution function , probability density function , where B and C are unknown parameters with C > 0, and the function G(x) is known, it is shown that under mild restrictions on G(x), is a consistent estimate of C. In certain important cases, this estimate has a structure similar to that of estimates known to be optimal.
Possible Impact of Multiflora Rose on Breeding-Bird Diversity in Riparian Forest Fragments of Central Delaware

Abstract The populations of many North American forest-breeding songbirds have declined over the past few decades, initiating much research regarding the factors influencing avian use of remaining forests, many of which are highly disturbed and impacted by invasive plants. Our objective was to compare the species richness of breeding birds in riparian forest fragments that contain different amounts of the invasive shrub, Rosa multiflora (Multiflora Rose). We conducted 20 point counts in each of three sites from early June until mid-July of 2008 and 2009, and estimated species richness and relative richness using the program COMDYN4. During 2008, species richness was lower at the site with the most Multiflora Rose. However, the number of species at that site increased by 33% from 2008 to 2009, whereas the number of species in the other two sites remained similar. Consequently, we did not detect differences in species richness among sites during 2009. Despite the increase in species richness at the more hea...
Playing Safe in Coordination Games: The Roles of Risk Dominance, Payoff Dominance, and History of Play

This paper presents results from a series of experiments designed to test the impact on subject behavior of changes in the risk dominance and payoff dominance characteristics of two player coordination games. The main finding is that changes in risk dominance significantly affect play of the subjects, whereas changes in the level of payoff dominance do not. Observed history of play also has an important influence on subject behavior, both when subjects are randomly rematched after each game and when they remain matched with the same individual for a sequence of games.
Identifying methods to improve heart surgery: an operative approach and strategy for implementation on an organizational level

Background: Previous research has found teamwork failures to be strongly associated with the occurrence of surgical error. There have been few efforts to prospectively collect data regarding teamwork failures and technical errors in order to create interventions that would maximize teamwork effectiveness thereby minimizing technical error. Methods:Thirty-one cardiac surgical cases were prospectively observed by a trained human factors observer. Events were characterized according to human factors theory and included teamwork failures and technical errors. Surgical team structure was also evaluated in an effort to identify if it had an impact on surgical team performance. Results: A strong correlation (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) was recognized between the occurrence of technical error (n = 155) and teamwork failures (n = 178). Teamwork failures consisted of surgeon—technical team failures (n = 90, 51%), procedural information failures (n = 36, 20%), surgeon—anesthesiologist failures (n = 27, 15%), surgeon—perfusionist failures (n = 18, 10%), and failures due to handoffs (n = 7, 4%). Teams made up of members that were familiar with the operating surgeon had significantly fewer total event failures (8.6 1.6 vs 22 3.1, p < 0.0001) and teamwork failures (5.6 1.8 vs 15.4 1.9, p < 0.0001) in comparison to those teams where the majority of members were unfamiliar with the operating surgeon. Conclusions: These results indicate that the process of cardiac surgery would benefit from interventions to improve teamwork and communication. Such interventions could include preoperative briefings, revised approach to structuring of operative teams to favor members that have gained familiarity with the operating surgeon, standardized communication practices, and postoperative debriefings. # 2008 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.