cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Francis Wey and the Discourse of Photography as Art in France in the Early 1850s: ‘Rien n’est beau que le vrai; mais il faut le choisir’

In the last two decades writers on photography have been critical of the practice of designating nineteenth–century photography as art, exposing it as part of the modernist enterprise of stripping the photographs of their utilitarian and social functions – or at least reducing the importance of those functions – so that they can enter the realm of high art in a purified state. However, photography as art was one of the discourses that developed in the nineteenth century. The beginnings of this discourse in France are the subject of this article, specifically, the writings of Francis Wey, writer, linguist, critic and member of the Societe heliographique, which was founded in 1851 to promote photography. This article examines Wey’s attempts to situate photography within a general aesthetic discourse in which traditional principles of harmony are reconciled with Realist aims.
Leveraging mobile applications to promote humanities-STEM intersections

Current trends in education encourage the development of students who are capable of bridging disciplines, integrating multiple modes, and adopting perspectives effectively. Despite this rhetorical appreciation of inter- and multidisciplinary training, academic distinctions persist. In particular, the division between the humanities and the STEM fields is evident in the ways these disciplines approach learning and knowledge. STEM fields tend to promote post-positivist ways of seeing the world while the humanities embrace interpretivist modes of thought. This paper examines a mobile application for vocabulary learning designed to integrate humanities- and science-related processes in an effort to offer multidisciplinary experiences for students. The main implications are that leveraging mobile technologies increases contextualized learning experiences for students, and facilitates the use of multiple disciplines to accomplish a goal. Important to creating an educational tool that incorporates humanistic and scientific knowledge and methods are creating communities of practice, facilitating user-generated content, and promoting of project-based learning.
An Efficient Technique for Performance Analysis of a Receiver in the Presence of Calibration/Compensation Algorithms

We present an efficient approach for evaluating the performance of a wireless receiver in the presence of calibration and/or compensation algorithms and various sources of measurement error. Noise figure and linearity performance of a receiver can be easily predicted over process and temperature variation and statistical estimates can be obtained to predict yield.
Holding Out for Concession: The Quest for Gain in the Negotiation of International Agreements

If the terms of a potential international agreement are interpreted as sharing surpluses generated by cooperation, they can be viewed, on an item by item basis, as giving an advantage to one or the other party. By interpreting bargaining outcomes in terms of gains or losses relative to the status quo, we modify Rubinstein's full information bilateral alternative offers bargaining model, and find that this opens up new bargaining tactics in equilibrium. The Rubinstein solution no longer provides unique resolution to the bargaining problem. Instead, negotiators can choose from a continuum of strategies that involve holding tough positions and waiting for the other to concede. The tactic is visible in negotiations as diverse as Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) or North American Foreign Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This occurs although our negotiators are assumed to be fully informed about each other's priorities. Given the other's offer, a negotiator can choose optimally from a whole range of counteroffers...
A software complexity perspective on nondeterminism used to support intertask communication

The authors discuss the effect of nondeterminism on Ada tasking programs and suggest measures aimed at quantifying the complexity contributed by this factor. Nondeterminism is identified as a key contributing factor to concurrent-software complexity. Using Ada as a model language allowing for intertask communication, the authors discuss language constructs contributing to nondeterminism and derive some complexity measures based on these programming constructs. A discussion of both theoretical and empirical evaluations of the measures is presented. >
Predicting Voting Behavior of Young Adults: The Importance of Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills

The information–motivation–behavioral skills (IMB) model has been shown reliably to predict and change a number of behaviors (Fisher & Fisher, 2000). In light of low voter turnout among young adults, the present research examines the utility of the IMB model to predict voting behavior among this population. The predictive validity of the IMB model for voting behavior was tested, as well as its unique contribution to explaining voting behavior, over and above the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985). As expected, the variables specified by the IMB model uniquely predicted intention to vote (Study 1) and voting behavior (Study 2), over and above the 2 other models.
Interactivity between Candidates and Citizens on a Social Networking Site: Effects on Perceptions and Vote Intentions

Voters and political candidates increasingly use social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook. This study uses data from an online posttest-only experiment (N = 183) in analyzing how exposure to supportive or challenging user comments on a fictional candidate's Facebook page influenced participants’ perceptions of and willingness to vote for the candidate, as well as whether candidate replies to each type of user comments affected these outcomes. Participants who viewed a page with supportive comments and “likes” reported more favorable perceptions of and greater support for the candidate, relative to participants who viewed a page with challenging comments. Thus, the appearance of interactivity between a candidate and other users on the candidate's Facebook page can shape the responses of those viewing the page. However, exposure to candidate replies to either supportive or challenging comments did not lead to significantly more favorable perceptions or a greater likelihood of voting for the candidate.
The Effects of Autocorrelated Errors on the Statistical Estimation of Distributed Lag Models

RECENT economic literature has been invaded by the rapidly increasing use of distributed lag models as a tool for economic analysis.l These models have been used to estimate economic parameters such as the price and income elasticities of demand, the elasticity of supply, and the elasticity of adjustment for various commodities. Agricultural economists utilize these estimates in the evaluation of agricultural policies and programs. Hence, the properties of these estimates are of more than a little importance. This paper considers the statistical estimation of such models and, in particular, the effect of autocorrelated errors upon the estimates. With the aid of empirical examples we shall (1) illustrate the nature of the bias in ordinary least squares estimates arising from autocorrelated errors, (2) present a method of estimation yielding consistent estimates for the parameters of an equation containing autocorrelated errors, (3) demonstrate the low power of the Durbin-Watson statistic when applied to the residuals of an equation containing the lagged endogenous variable, and (4) present a method for computing confidence limits for the estimated long-run elasticities.
Analytical Model of Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cell

There is an important need for improvement in both cost and efficiency of photovoltaic cells. For improved efficiency a better understanding of solar cell performance is required. In this paper we propose an analytical kinetic model of thin-film silicon solar cell, which can provide an intuitive understanding of the effect of illumination on its charge carriers and electric current. The separate cases of homogeneous and inhomogeneous charge carrier generation rates across the device are investigated. Our model also provides for the study of the carrier transport within the quasi-neutral and depletion zones of the device, which is of importance for thin-film solar cells. Two boundary conditions based on (i) fixed surface recombination velocity at the electrodes and (ii) intrinsic conditions for large size devices are explored. The device short circuit current and open circuit voltage are found to increase with the decrease of surface recombination velocity at electrodes. The power conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells is observed to strongly depend on impurity doping concentrations. The developed analytical kinetic model can be used to optimize the design and performance of thin-film solar cells without involving highly complicating numerical codes to solve the corresponding drift-diffusion equations.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Bringing Sexuality to the Table: Language, Gender and Power in Seven Lesbian Families

In their 1995 study, “The ‘Father Knows Best’ Dynamic in Dinnertime Narratives,” Ochs and Taylor observed patterns of male dominance in conversations between heterosexual parents of nuclear families. The playing out of these imbalanced gender roles, the researchers cautioned, has a socializing effect that can be seen in the behavior of their young children. The paper presented here reexamines these power dynamics through an analysis of the discourse between lesbian parents with children. The author examines the linguistic tools used in the negotiation of power, both in comparison to Ochs and Taylor’s findings and for their own unique characteristics. This analysis reveals that in these seven families, like those in Ochs and Taylor’s research, one parent evaluates others’ speech and actions considerably more often than the other. However, the parents did not occupy the other roles examined in the original study in the same way. In particular, the role of primary recipient seems to be less powerful here than in the original study, while the role of elicitor appears to allow women a more effective means by which to attain and maintain control. A high incidence of joint elicitation and narration by the parents, and an active attempt to include children in the conversations were also found. These findings point to two conclusions: (1) the use of evaluative comments is not necessarily a gendered power tactic; (2) a high level of conscious decision making by lesbian parents seems to explain some of these differences in form. Future research should examine the influence of power rather than gender differences in speech acts. In so doing, we might more fully understand the nature of powerful language and which speech groups have access to that means of discourse.
A FOUR-YEAR STUDY OF CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO ONOMATOPOEIC STIMULI

A cross-sectional study with children between the ages of 8 and 19 yr. showed the occurrence of loss in originality mean scores as measured by Onomatopoeia and Images (Khatena, 1971a) especially between the ages of 9 and 10 yr. with gains occurring at 11 yr. (Khatena, 1971b). The purpose of this study is to examine this tendency longitudinally. Forty-eight 8-yr.-old children (26 boys and 22 girls) attending Cammack Elementary School in Huntington, West Virginia were initially administered Forms 1A and 1B of Onomatopoeia and Images (Torrance, Khatena, & Cunnington, 1973) as a retest package. The group was administered the same measures at four consecutive yearly intervals, with complete data available for only 18 boys and 17 girls. Their responses to onomatopoeic stimuli were scored for originality on a scale of credits from 0 to 4, with 0 awarded for responses that occurred in 5 % or more of the cases, 1 for 3 to 4.99% of the cases, 2 for 2 to 2.99% of the cases, 3 for 1 to 1.99% of the cases, and 4 for those responses that occurred less than 1% of the time. The scoring of all response sheets was done by the second author. Addttional data on the rationale, reliability and validity of the measure may be found In the Norms-Technical Manual (Khatena & Torrance. 1973) . Means and standard deviations on Forms 1A and 1B of Onomatopoeia and Images for these children at ages, 8, 9, 10 and 11 yr., respectively are: Form 1A-Ms = 28.54, 28.03, 32.11, and 38.09; SDs = 13.88, 10.72, 10.25, and 12.76; and Form 1B-Ms = 30.31, 28.94, 24.51, and 32.40; SDs = 15.45, 8.31, 16.58, and 12.38. The loss in mean originality scores at age 9 yr. is negligible o n Form 1A; on Form lB, the loss in mean originality scores at age 9 yr. is more noticeable and continues to an even lower level at age 10 yr. Mean score gains begin to show at age 10 yr. and continue to rise at age 11 yr. on Form lA, whereas mean scores on Form 1B show gains at age 11 yr. When the originality scores on Forms 1A and 1B of each S at each of the four age levels were combined and averaged, the means and standard deviations of these averaged originality scores were as follows: Forms 1A and 1B combined-Ms = 29.71, 28.30, 28.79, and 36.03; SDs = 13.84, 8.51, 8.27, and 11.18. The loss in mean originality score which appears at age 9 yr. changes to some small gain at age 10 yr. to rise to an even higher mean originality score at age 11 yr. Some fluctuation in the variance relative to the loss and gain in mean originality scores is apparent. When the data were subjected to analysis of variance for repeated measures design (Edwards, 1960), the patterns of rise and fall in mean originality scores at the four age levels a peared significant (Form 1A-F = 7.03, df = 3/102, f i < .01; Form 1l3-F = 3.20, a$ = 3/102, fi < .O5; Forms 1A and 1B combined-F = 4.89, df = 3/102, p < .01). This gives some support to the earlier observation that some loss appears to occur for children at ages 9 and 10 yr. and gain at 11 yr.
A minimum sensitivity design method for output feedback controllers

Introduction I recent years considerable attention has been focused on developing methods for control of large space structures (LSS). Three major problems arise when designing controllers for LSS. First, many of the available controller design methods assume that the full-state vector (or at least the estimated full-state vector) is available. In most practical situations these control laws encounter difficulties when only a low-dimensioned output vector is available. The real-time implementation of high-dimensioned state estimators, although perhaps feasible, remain computationally unattractive. Second, it is difficult and very expensive to design controllers for high-order systems such as a flexible structure. Therefore, it is usually desirable to design a controller based on a reduced-order model, which includes only the most important subset of the vibration modes, although we may retain the high-order model for validation purposes. The reducedorder-based controller may destabilize higher-order modes due to truncation and spillover effects. Therefore, we must include consideration of truncation and spillover effects when designing controllers based on a reduced-order model for LSS. Third, there exists a modeling error for any mathematical model of an LSS. These unknown, unmodeled effects can potentially destabilize the closed-loop system. In order to tolerate model errors, we need to optimize
Platelet mitochondrial function: from regulation of thrombosis to biomarker of disease

Circulating blood platelets contain small numbers of fully functional mitochondria. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that these mitochondria regulate the pro-thrombotic function of platelets through not only energy generation, but also redox signalling and the initiation of apoptosis. Beyond its regulation of haemostasis, platelet mitochondrial function has also traditionally been used to identify and study mitochondrial dysfunction in human disease, owing to the easy accessibility of platelets compared with other metabolically active tissues. In the present article, we provide a brief overview of what is currently known about the function of mitochondria in platelets and review how platelet mitochondria have been used to study mitochondrial function in human disease.
Use What You’ve Got: Resource Utilization in a Mass Casualty in Afghanistan

Multiple casualty incidents occur somewhat frequently at deployed hospitals in combat environments. Mass casualty events are less common than multiple casualty incidents. A mass casualty event (MASCAL) is when the patient volume or acuity overwhelms the health care facility and/or system. The US Army uses Forward Surgical Teams (FST) to provide life saving surgery close to point of injury on the battlefield. An FST is a 20-person team, which is the first level of care on the battlefield with surgical capability. Given the size and the limited resources of an FST, mass casualty events can potentially occur somewhat regularly. Optimal outcomes for mass casualty events in limited resource environments require robust planning, good communication, flexibility, and creativity. The following is an account of how a “split-operations” Forward Surgical Team successfully managed a mass casualty involving 34 patients, 33 of which were children.
To Construct the National Strategic System of China

A Country's national strategic system comprises national strategy,global strategy and regional strategy.A sound one should be based on the integration of national strategy and international strategy,and permeated with opening-up idea on deferent levels.The current national strategic system of China is characterized as being inward,economic,and much more flexible yet lack of long-range perspective.Therefore,it is an urgent issue to construct a scientific and comprehensive national strategic system in line with the changes of China's internal and external environments.The paper describes the evolution of the Chinese national strategic system from 1949 to 2007,and emphasizes opening-up policy as the mainstay of the system.The author maintains that the following aspects are the priorities in constructing a sound system: to optimize the national strategy in order to perfect the setting of domestic open-up situation;to further the global strategy in order to extend national strategic interests;to strengthen regional strategy in order to be a dominator in the process of East Asian integration.
002: UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTING BIAS IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

Background Bias in science is unavoidable; however, with decreasing funding the need for public-private partnerships (PPPs) is at a high. PPPs provide diverse institutions an opportunity to increase capacity, expertise, and outreach often times not feasible by independent engagement. Many institutions offer varying documents on how to minimize conflict of interest but the methodology used in their development is limited. Objectives The goal of this research was to examine neutrality in nutrition science from an organizational perspective, looking at expert testimonials and recommendations, utilizing qualitative methods. Methods The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science conducted 17 in-depth interviews in 2014 with nutrition researchers. A purposeful sample was employed, using a criterion-based frame of diverse demographic variables. Interviewees were selected for their range in nutrition experience, nationality, age, gender, sector, and country of employment. Researchers developed a 16-item interview guide that was reviewed by a panel of experts (n=2) and pilot-tested (n=2) to obtain validity. The interview guide was divided into three categories of questions: neutrality definition; personal experiences; and, recommendations. The researchers analyzed data using inductive content analysis. This process used open coding, constructing categories, and abstraction of reoccurring or insightful words, phrases, and sentences. Data segments related to professional experiences, perceptions of neutrality, and recommendations on how to ensure neutrality were aggregated based on commonalities. Result Findings include that bias is inherent and disclosure and balance are essential in PPPs. Conclusion Recommendations include development of institution-wide policies that pay attention to the competing interests commonly found in nutrition science. Disclosures should be robust and include not only financial conflicts but professional and personal; the disclosures should be publicly available.
Infant With Right Leg Swelling, Tenderness, and Decreased Range of Motion

A 9-day-old girl, delivered at 39 weeks’ gestation via cesarean delivery for footling breech position, presented with right leg swelling, tenderness, and decreased range of motion since birth (Figure 1). ### Prenatal and Birth Histories The patient was afebrile, nippling well, and alert after delivery. However, patient's parents stated that her right leg was “swollen and not moving” since birth. Mother stated infant became very fussy during leg manipulation and diaper changes. Parents say they spoke to the nurse at the birth hospital and were told this is a normal result of breech presentation. The parents deny any history of trauma. The mother denies the infant has experienced any vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, apnea, or seizure activity. Parents state they took the child to her pediatrician on day 7 after birth for her newborn check and told the pediatrician about the leg. They were instructed to go to the emergency department. Parents went to emergency department that evening, and the child was admitted for overnight observation and then transferred to Children’s Hospital of Michigan NICU the next day to investigate child abuse. ### Social History Patient's parents were living with paternal grandmother. Patient's 30-year-old father stated that he has 3 other children (ages 6, 8, and 11 years), none of whom he has custody. Patient's father states he lost custody of his children because he was “young.” ### Vital Signs ### Physical Examination
Application of the Most Likely Extreme Response Method for Wave Energy Converters

Extreme loads are often a key cost driver for wave energy converters (WECs). As an alternative to exhaustive Monte Carlo or long-term simulations, the most likely extreme response (MLER) method allows mid- and high-fidelity simulations to be used more efficiently in evaluating WEC response to events at the edges of the design envelope, and is therefore applicable to system design analysis. The study discussed in this paper applies the MLER method to investigate the maximum heave, pitch, and surge force of a point absorber WEC. Most likely extreme waves were obtained from a set of wave statistics data based on spectral analysis and the response amplitude operators (RAOs) of the floating body; the RAOs were computed from a simple radiation-and-diffraction-theory-based numerical model. A weakly nonlinear numerical method and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method were then applied to compute the short-term response to the MLER wave. Effects of nonlinear wave and floating body interaction on the WEC under the anticipated 100-year waves were examined by comparing the results from the linearly superimposed RAOs, the weakly nonlinear model, and CFD simulations. Overall, the MLER method was successfully applied. In particular, when coupled to a high-fidelity CFD analysis, the nonlinear fluid dynamics can be readily captured.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Modeling Nosocomial Infections of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Environment Contamination .

In this work, we investigate the role of environmental contamination on the clinical epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It is tougher to treat than most strains of Staphylococcus aureus or staph, because it is resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. Both deterministic and stochastic models are constructed to describe the transmission characteristics of MRSA in hospital setting. The deterministic epidemic model includes five compartments: colonized and uncolonized patients, contaminated and uncontaminated health care workers (HCWs), and bacterial load in environment. The basic reproduction number R 0 is calculated, and its numerical and sensitivity analysis has been performed to study the asymptotic behavior of the model, and to help identify factors responsible for observed patterns of infections. A stochastic epidemic model with stochastic simulations is also presented to supply a comprehensive analysis of its behavior. Data collected from Beijing Tongren Hospital will be used in the numerical simulations of our model. The results can be used to provide theoretical guidance for designing efficient control measures, such as increasing the hand hygiene compliance of HCWs and disinfection rate of environment, and decreasing the transmission rate between environment and patients and HCWs.
Electrical Conductivity of Partially Saturated Packings of Particles

We address the problem of predicting saturation-dependent electrical conductivity $$\sigma $$ in packings of particles during drainage and imbibition. The effective-medium approximation (EMA) and the universal power law of percolation for $$\sigma $$ are used, respectively, at higher and low water saturations to predict the conductivity, with the crossover between the two occurring at some intermediate saturation $$S_{\mathrm{wx}}$$ . The main input to the theory is a single parameter that we estimate using the capillary pressure data. The predictions are compared with experimental, as well as numerical data for three distinct types of packings. The results for drainage in all the packings indicate that the universal power law of percolation is valid over the entire range of $$S_{\mathrm{w}}$$ . For imbibition, however, the universal power law may cross over to the EMA at $$S_{\mathrm{wx}} = 0.5$$ . We also find that the effect of the pore-size distribution on the $$\sigma {-}S_{\mathrm{w}}$$ relation is minimal during both drainage and imbibition.
R&D Project Selection at Northbanctec Inc

Suitable as an assignment or as an exam case, this short case is effective in illustrating the use of linear and integer programming in an assignment problem, wrapped around R&D project selection in a global IT firm. A twist in the case requires the use of binary variables to implement certain logical conditions on which projects can be undertaken by which project teams. The case is suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses or modules on optimization, decision models, management science and the like, both for class discussion and as a part of assignment or exam. A spreadsheet is available to enhance student learning. Excerpt UVA-QA-0762 Rev. Jun. 14, 2011 R&D Project selection at NorthBancTec Inc. NorthBancTec Inc. was a high-end boutique IT firm. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., NorthBancTec had three teams: in Georgetown (United States), in Dubai (United Arab Emirates), and in Novosibirsk (Russia). Because of its small size, NorthBancTec had to be very selective in choosing R&D projects. Table 1 lists the possibilities it had identified for the upcoming year. Table 1. Possible projects, their type, and their projected net benefit. . . .
Winter precipitation particle size distribution measurement by Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera

From the radar meteorology viewpoint, the most important properties for quantitative precipitation estimation of winter events are 3D shape, size, and mass of precipitation particles, as well as the particle size distribution (PSD). In order to measure these properties precisely, optical instruments may be the best choice. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) is a relatively new instrument equipped with three high-resolution cameras to capture the winter precipitation particle images from three non-parallel angles, in addition to measuring the particle fall speed using two pairs of infrared motion sensors. However, the results from the MASC so far are usually presented as monthly or seasonally, and particle sizes are given as histograms, no previous studies have used the MASC for a single storm study, and no researchers use MASC to measure the PSD. We propose the methodology for obtaining the winter precipitation PSD measured by the MASC, and present and discuss the development, implementation, and application of the new technique for PSD computation based on MASC images. Overall, this is the first study of the MASC-based PSD. We present PSD MASC experiments and results for segments of two snow events to demonstrate the performance of our PSD algorithm. The results show that the self-consistency of the MASC measured single-camera PSDs is good. To cross-validate PSD measurements, we compare MASC mean PSD (averaged over three cameras) with the collocated 2D Video Disdrometer, and observe good agreements of the two sets of results.
A phase 2 trial of regorafenib as a single agent in patients with chemotherapy refractory advanced and metastatic biliary adenocarcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma.

4081Background: Biliary adenocarcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive neoplasm. Most patients present with unresectable or metastatic disease with 5-year survival rate ~5%. No second-line regimen has demonstrated clinical benefit in this disease. Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. This single arm phase II study evaluates the efficacy and safety of regorafenib as a single agent in advanced or metastatic biliary carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma pts who failed systemic chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with ECOG PS 0-1and adequate liver, kidney and bone marrow function were given regorafenib orally once daily, 21 days on and 7 days off in a 28-day cycle. The initial dose of 160 mg was given to the first 3 patients. After toxicity assessment, the dose was reduced to 120 mg for the subsequent pts. The primary endpoint is PFS with the null hypotheses of 2.0 months, and median PFS ≥3.5 months as evidence of the study drug activity (α = 0.10, 80% power). Secondary...
Permutation-Equivariant Quantum K-Theory X. Quantum Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch in Genus 0

We extract genus $0$ consequences of the all genera quantum HRR formula proved in Part IX. This includes re-proving and generalizing the adelic characterization of genus $0$ quantum K-theory found in [Givental A., Tonita V., in Symplectic, Poisson, and Noncommutative Geometry, Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ., Vol. 62, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2014, 43-91]. Extending some results of Part VIII, we derive the invariance of a certain variety (the "big J-function"), constructed from the genus $0$ descendant potential of permutation-equivariant quantum K-theory, under the action of certain finite difference operators in Novikov's variables, apply this to reconstructing the whole variety from one point on it, and give an explicit description of it in the case of the point target space.
Monitoring Biomarkers in Patients Receiving Neprilysin Inhibitors

To understand the role of neprilysin inhibition in the management of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and review effects of neprilysin inhibition on concentrations of natriuretic peptides and other biomarkers. Neprilysin inhibition improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic HFrEF. As bioactive natriuretic peptides are degraded by neprilysin, treatment with sacubitril/valsartan results in an increase in concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). In contrast, neprilysin inhibition led to reduction in concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Reduction in NT-proBNP to ≤ 1000 pg/mL with neprilysin inhibition improved cardiovascular outcomes in a recent analysis. Other biomarkers may be affected by neprilysin inhibition. Neprilysin inhibition results in an increase in ANP, BNP, and CNP with corresponding reduction in NT-proBNP concentrations. Other biomarkers may be similarly affected. Given widespread clinical measurement, more data are needed to better understand potential impact on neprilysin inhibition on ability to interpret BNP.
Ophthalmoplegia: Definition and Clinical Diagnostic Techniques

Ophthalmoplegia can be caused by multiple etiologies. There are restrictive, paretic, neurologic, and myasthenic conditions that can lead to reduced mobility of the eyes that at first glance may be...
Free Supervision from Video Games

Deep networks are extremely hungry for data. They devour hundreds of thousands of labeled images to learn robust and semantically meaningful feature representations. Current networks are so data hungry that collecting labeled data has become as important as designing the networks themselves. Unfortunately, manual data collection is both expensive and time consuming. We present an alternative, and show how ground truth labels for many vision tasks are easily extracted from video games in real time as we play them. We interface the popular MicrosoftÂ® DirectXÂ® rendering API, and inject specialized rendering code into the game as it is running. This code produces ground truth labels for instance segmentation, semantic labeling, depth estimation, optical flow, intrinsic image decomposition, and instance tracking. Instead of labeling images, a researcher now simply plays video games all day long. Our method is general and works on a wide range of video games. We collected a dataset of 220k training images, and 60k test images across 3 video games, and evaluate state of the art optical flow, depth estimation and intrinsic image decomposition algorithms. Our video game data is visually closer to real world images, than other synthetic dataset.
Through-package wireless powering via piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers

The paper reports on a chip-scale wireless power transfer method using elastic waves traveling though plastic packaging media with arbitrary thicknesses. Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) are utilized for harnessing the longitudinal bulk acoustic waves generated by an external acoustic probe. Aluminum nitride pMUTs are developed through a simple and CMOS compatible process. In order to emulate the effect of the package, PLA plastic pieces with various thicknesses are 3D printed and used in the experiments. PMUTs as small as 200×200 μm2 resulted in −30 dB power transfer efficiency in the case of a 1 mm thick PLA package.
Characterisation of re-entrant circuit (or rotational activity) in vitro using the HL1-6 myocyte cell line

Abstract Fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia observed in clinical practice. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying its initiation and maintenance remains incomplete. Functional re-entries are potential drivers of the arrhythmia. Two main concepts are still debated, the “leading circle” and the “spiral wave or rotor” theories. The homogeneous subclone of the HL1 atrial-derived cardiomyocyte cell line, HL1-6, spontaneously exhibits re-entry on a microscopic scale due to its slow conduction velocity and the presence of triggers, making it possible to examine re-entry at the cellular level. We therefore investigated the re-entry cores in cell monolayers through the use of fluorescence optical mapping at high spatiotemporal resolution in order to obtain insights into the mechanisms of re-entry. Re-entries in HL1-6 myocytes required at least two triggers and a minimum colony area to initiate (3.5 to 6.4 mm2). After electrical activity was completely stopped and re-started by varying the extracellular K+ concentration, re-entries never returned to the same location while 35% of triggers re-appeared at the same position. A conduction delay algorithm also allows visualisation of the core of the re-entries. This work has revealed that the core of re-entries is conduction blocks constituted by lines and/or groups of cells rather than the round area assumed by the other concepts of functional re-entry. This highlights the importance of experimentation at the microscopic level in the study of re-entry mechanisms.
Symptoms and Self-Management Strategies Identified by Children With Cancer Using Draw-and-Tell Interviews

Purpose This cross-sectional study described how school-aged children with cancer represent their symptoms and associated characteristics using draw-and-tell interviews. Participants & setting 27 children aged 6-12 years receiving treatment for cancer at the Cancer Transplant Center at Primary Children's Hospital, a tertiary pediatric hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah. Methodologic approach Children participated in draw-and-tell interviews while completing drawings depicting days when they felt well and days when they felt sick. Children's drawings and accompanying explanations were analyzed qualitatively. Findings Children's drawings related symptoms and the strategies children used to self-manage those symptoms. Nausea, fatigue, pain, and sadness were the most frequently reported symptoms. Strategies to manage symptoms most often included physical and psychosocial care strategies. Implications for nursing Children with cancer were able to relate detailed descriptions of their symptoms and symptom self-management strategies when presented with developmentally sensitive approaches. Healthcare providers are well positioned to integrate arts-based approaches to symptom assessment and to support children in implementing their preferred strategies to alleviate symptoms.
Optimization of wet clean and its cost effectiveness in dual Damascene 14 nm BEOL

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of post etch residue cleaning process on Via first dual Damascene scheme for BEOL on 14 nm Technology. Wet clean process was optimized using different chemicals, their formulations and processing times to address the impact on POR critical dimensions, ULK stability, organic residue removal capability, via resistance performance, and electromigration lifetime. In order to visualize the equivalent cleaning process with reduced chemical cost for HVM implementation of wet cleans changes, the cost evaluations are focused. The study suggests that cost of the ownership for wet cleans process could be significantly reduced while maintaining the similar particle removal efficiency.
1‐(2′,3′‐An­hydro‐5′‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐d‐lyxo­furan­soyl)‐5‐fluoro­uracil

The crystal structure of the title compound, C16H13FN2O6, was determined in order to establish the relative stereochemistry between the nucleoside base and the epoxide ring oxy­gen. This analysis allowed us to establish that the relationship of these two groups is cis. The furan­ose ring adopts an envelope conformation in which the oxy­gen is displaced above the plane (°E). The pseudorotational phase angle (P) is 88.5° and the puckering amplitude (τm) is 29.8°. The conformation about the C4—C5 bond is gauche–trans (ap) and the nucleoside base adopts the anti orientation.
The Means of Innovation Ch. 2: Abstraction and Different Levels of Methods

This Chapter explores the nature of abstraction and how it leads to methods at different levels of generality. We consider this in three ways. Section A looks at abstraction and the relationship between principles and methods through both philosophical and neuroscience perspectives. Section B considers the central role of language in abstraction. Section C concludes the Chapter by exploring in more detail the concept of different levels of methods, in terms of abstractness, that can form the hierarchies that will be a central aspect of methodology.
Space of solutions to ocean surface wind measurement using scatterometer constellations

Satellite wind vector data are integral to atmospheric models and forecasts, but current measurement limitations make some synoptic, mesoscale activities difficult to observe. Using miniaturized electronics and advanced deployable mechanisms, new satellite wind scatterometers may be possible that increase spatial, temporal, and wind resolution and coverage. We propose a simple parametric model of the space of satellite wind scatterometer designs, their performances, and the transformation between design and performance, together called a solution space model. We explore two applications of this model: understanding how advances have expanded the design space and searching for alternative approaches to satellite wind scatterometry. Recent advances enable a greater capability-to-volume ratio, which enables constellations of small, low-cost scatterometers that co-operate in a variety of modes. We present two example concepts for constellations of co-operative satellite wind scatterometers. We estimate that a constellation of CubeSat scatterometers may affordably measure global ocean vector winds every three hours.
Application of the palatogram technique to improve speech with complete-arch fixed implant-supported zirconia prostheses.

Abstract While maxillary complete-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses are a popular treatment for patients with complete edentulism or with a terminal dentition, how speech is best optimized with this treatment is unclear. One popular method used in complete denture therapy for immediate improvement of speech, as well as to reduce the speech adaptation period for patients, is the use of a palatogram technique. Contemporary biomaterials such as zirconia used for complete-arch fixed implant-supported prosthesis are difficult to adjust and modify. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to describe the application of the palatogram technique during the evaluation stage of the maxillary screw-retained milled prototype prosthesis (interim acrylic resin prosthesis) to improve the palatal contours and optimize contact areas of the tongue with the palatal aspect of the prosthesis. The modified interim prosthesis can then be used for copy milling the definitive zirconia prosthesis. This technique is useful when other prosthodontic factors related to speech, such as the occlusal vertical dimension and tooth positions, have already been optimized.
Abstract C38: HNF4a regulates progression and molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy in which the vast majority of patients succumb to disease. Transcriptomic analysis has identified two major molecular subtypes of PDAC, classical and basal-like. The classical subtype is associated with an increased response rate to standard-of-care therapies and improved overall survival. Furthermore, classical tumors have higher levels of lineage specifiers that regulate endodermal differentiation, including the nuclear receptor HNF4a. We now show that HNF4a expression is functionally tied to induction and maintenance of the classical subtype of PDAC. We used multiple preclinical models to investigate HNF4a in PDAC. We first used the KPC (KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53F/+; Pdx1-Cre) mouse model in which we deleted Hnf4a at the time of tumor initiation (KPC-Hnf4aF/F). We then derived cell lines from these HNF4a-negative mouse tumors, rescued HNF4a, and analyzed their proliferation and viability in vitro. Additionally, we used a sequential recombination strategy to derive murine PDAC organoid cultures in which Hnf4a could be deleted in vitro. Finally, in a retrospective analysis, we investigated clinical and molecular associations with HNF4a expression in PDAC patients from TCGA. Our data in genetically engineered mouse models show that loss of HNF4a causes increased tumorigenicity and decreased overall survival. In cell lines, rescue of HNF4a expression impairs proliferation and alters differentiation state. In organoid cultures, Hnf4a deletion changes the in vivo three-dimensional growth pattern, resulting in a more malignant phenotype. In all of these model systems, RNA sequencing shows that loss of HNF4a expression results in a significant loss of classical subtype gene expression. In PDAC patients, HNF4a expression was strongly correlated with classical subtype gene expression (R = .71) and was mildly associated with better survival (p = .088). Taken together, our data suggest that HNF4a is a key lineage specifier within a larger transcriptional network that regulates the growth and molecular subtype of PDAC. Thus, we anticipate that these data will advance the development of novel therapeutics that take advantage of HNF4a’s important role in the classical subtype of this disease. Citation Format: Soledad A. Camolotto, Luke Torre-Healy, Veronika Belova, Jeffrey Vahrenkamp, Kris Berrett, Chris Stubben, Jay Gertz, Richard Moffit, Eric L. Snyder. HNF4a regulates progression and molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C38.
The Effect of Distracted Driving Laws on Automobile Liability Insurance Claims

We examine whether laws designed to reduce distracted driving have consequences for the automobile liability insurance market. Our research is motivated by prior studies that suggest distracted dri...
A Cloud Computing Framework for On-Demand Forecasting Services

This paper presents the Forecast-as-a-Service (FaaS) framework, a cloud-based framework that provides on-demand customer-defined forecasting services. Based on the principles of service-oriented architecture (SOA), the FaaS enables the use of different types of data from different sources to generate different kinds of forecasts at different levels of detail for different prices. The FaaS framework has been developed to provide on-demand forecasts of solar or wind power. Forecasts can be long-term forecasts useful for prospecting or planning by potential investors, or short-term forecasts suitable for operational decision making by operators of existing facilities. FaaS provides a more flexible and affordable alternative to the subscription model provided by current forecast service vendors. By improving the flexibility and economics of renewable energy forecasting services with SOA and cloud computing, FaaS achieves the goal of Services Computing.
Application of a three-dimensional random pore model for thermal oxidation of synthetic graphite

Abstract Thermal oxidation mass loss of synthetic graphite can be life-limiting for high-temperature applications. The complex microstructure of synthetic graphite has made it difficult to predict oxidation-induced changes.Specifically, there are no accepted models for predicting oxidation pore growth, which affects properties and performance. This paper presents the application of a three-dimensional microstructure-based model for synthetic graphite oxidation in the kinetic regime. Pore structure is described with randomly-placed spheres, whose growth rate is dependent on the penetration depth of oxidant. Pore structure, intrinsic reactivity, sample size, geometry, and initially closed porosity are included in the model. Oxidation mass loss occurs faster for finer pore size, lower bulk density, higher reactivity, and/or smaller samples. For model validation, 30 datasets representing ten (mostly nuclear) high-purity graphite grades were selected, covering air oxidation temperatures from 450 to 750 °C and sample masses spanning four orders of magnitude. Agreements between model and experiment were judged reasonable, particularly the effects of microstructure and sample mass. For the temperature effect, aggregated reactivity ratios showed an activation energy of 187 kJ/mol, within expected kinetic range. To the author's knowledge, this model is the first three-dimensional microstructure-based approach for graphite air oxidation in the kinetic regime.
A case of teriflunomide-induced hepatic injury: assessing causality using available rules

Teriflunomide, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor approved for treatment for the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis, has been deemed reasonably safe though hepatic toxicity is a rare serious advers...