cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controlled hypotension during neuraxial anesthesia is not associated with increased odds of in-hospital common severe medical complications in patients undergoing elective primary total hip arthroplasty – A retrospective case control study

Introduction The use of controlled hypotension during neuraxial anesthesia for joint arthroplasty is controversial. We conducted a large institutional database analysis to assess common in-hospital complications and mortality of patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) under controlled hypotension and neuraxial anesthesia. Methods We conducted a large retrospective case control study of 11,292 patients who underwent primary THA using neuraxial anesthesia between March 2016 and May 2019 in a single institution devoted to musculoskeletal care. The degree and duration of various mean arterial pressure (MAP) thresholds were analyzed for adjusted odds ratios with composite common severe complications (in-hospital myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or acute kidney injury) as the primary outcome. Results Sixty-eight patients developed common severe complications (0.60%). Patients with complications were older (median age 75.6 vs 64.0 years) and had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (45.6% vs 17.6% ASA III). The duration of hypotension at various MAP thresholds (45 to 70 mm Hg) was not associated with increasing odds of common severe medical complications. Conclusions Controlled hypotension (ranging from 45 to 70 mmHg) for a moderate duration during neuraxial anesthesia was not associated with increased odds of common severe complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or acute kidney injury) among patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia for elective THA.
Ultrasocial: The Evolution of Human Nature and the Quest for a Sustainable Future

Ultrasocial argues that rather than environmental destruction and extreme inequality being due to human nature, they are the result of the adoption of agriculture by our ancestors. Human economy has become an ultrasocial superorganism (similar to an ant or termite colony), with the requirements of superorganism taking precedence over the individuals within it. Human society is now an autonomous, highly integrated network of technologies, institutions, and belief systems dedicated to the expansion of economic production. Recognizing this allows a radically new interpretation of free market and neoliberal ideology which - far from advocating personal freedom - leads to sacrificing the well-being of individuals for the benefit of the global market. Ultrasocial is a fascinating exploration of what this means for the future direction of the humanity: can we forge a better, more egalitarian, and sustainable future by changing this socio-economic - and ultimately destructive - path? Gowdy explores how this might be achieved.
Distinct Cellular Profiles of Hif1a and Vegf mRNA Localization in Microglia, Astrocytes and Neurons during a Period of Vascular Maturation in the Auditory Brainstem of Neonate Rats

Defining the relationship between vascular development and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (Hifs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in the auditory brainstem is important to understand how tissue hypoxia caused by oxygen shortage contributes to sensory deficits in neonates. In this study, we used histology, molecular labeling, confocal microscopy and 3D image processing methods to test the hypothesis that significant maturation of the vascular bed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) occurs during the postnatal period that precedes hearing onset. Isolectin-B4 histochemistry experiments suggested that the MNTB vasculature becomes more elaborate between P5 and P10. When combined with a cell proliferation marker and immunohistochemistry, we found that vascular growth coincides with a switch in the localization of proliferating cells to perivascular locations, and an increase in the density of microglia within the MNTB. Furthermore, microglia were identified as perivascular cells with proliferative activity during the period of vascular maturation. Lastly, combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry experiments showed distinct profiles of Hif1a and Vegf mRNA localization in microglia, astrocytes and MNTB principal neurons. These results suggest that different cells of the neuro-glio-vascular unit are likely targets of hypoxic insult in the auditory brainstem of neonate rats.
Another Science Fiction: Advertising the Space Race 1957–1962 by Megan Prelinger

(2011). Another Science Fiction: Advertising the Space Race 1957–1962 by Megan Prelinger. Design and Culture: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 134-135.
Site-Specific Mutations in Dihydrofolate Reductase at the Dihydrofolate Binding Site

The high resolution X-ray crystal structure of an enzyme provides an opportuntiy for precise understanding of structure-functions relationships in that enzyme. Dihydrofolate reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate (H2folate) to tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) with NADPH as co-factor, is an excellent choice for such studies. The methotrexate-binary complex structure of the Escherichia coli enzyme identifies several close interactions of methotrexate (1,2), and by analogy, dihydrofolate, with conserved amino acid side chains. The specific roles of these amino acids in binding and catalysis can be studied using the technique of site-specific mutagenesis by replacing the particular residue postulated to be essential with one lacking the specific interaction.
Chapter 18 Knowledge Representations and Cognitive Procedures

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the knowledge representations and cognitive procedures. Cognitive scientists in Germany are busy working on the same research questions and cognitive phenomena that are currently attracting the attention of cognitive scientists in the United States. Researchers in both continents are investigating the representation of knowledge in long-term memory and the cognitive processes that operate on these knowledge structures while individuals complete various tasks (e.g., comprehension, memory, learning, judgment, decision-making, problem solving). There is the same list of hot research paradigms: contrasts between episodic memory and generic knowledge, the processing of scripts and plans, modularity of different processing subsystems, case-based learning, and reasoning, the influence of deep system knowledge on plan construction, the impact of misinformation on memory and comprehension, the construction and utilization of mental models, intelligent tutoring systems, and hypermedia educational software. Perhaps, the overlap in research projects is not surprising, given the large number of international conferences. Alternatively, perhaps the same cognitive phenomena have always fascinated experimental psychologists during the short 120 year history.
The American Army and the First World War: Meuse-Argonne, September 26–October 31

At the beginning of September, Petain, agreeing with most Allied political and military leaders, thought that Germany had the capacity to continue the war into 1919 even if the Allies breached the Hindenburg Line. French intelligence identified a series of new German defensive positions still to be overrun. And the arrival of winter might give the exhausted German Army a respite to rest and reinforce its spent divisions. On September 8, the French commander-in-chief wrote the following: “When the battle commences again in 1919 our adversary undoubtedly will be established behind a strongly fortified front, abundantly supplied with means of defending against tanks and covered by a deep zone of advance posts or by lines of water.” American manpower made Petain confident of ultimate victory but he placed even greater emphasis on the growing material disparity between the opposing armies. “The battle of 1919,” he predicted, “will be a battle of aviation and tanks.” With Allied forces maintaining the offensive initiative, however, September turned out to be a calamitous month for Germany’s military fortunes. Berlin had begun the month with more than 2.5 million men in uniform and all of its allies still in the war. Gray-clad infantry occupied more French and Russian territory than they had during the previous September and possessed the strongest defensive system on the Western Front, which remained intact. But setback followed setback, and Ludendorff’s darkening mood mirrored the bleak prospects facing German soldiers by the end of the month.
Combining Taguchi and Response Surface Philosophies: A Dual Response Approach

G. Taguchi and his school have made significant advances in the use of experimental design and analysis in industry. Of particular significance is their promotion of the use of statistical methods ...
Negative control of mast cell degranulation and the anaphylactic response by the phosphatase lipin1

Mast cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases; however, how mast cell function is regulated is still not well understood. Both phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are important secondary messengers involved in mast cell activ-ation. Lipin1 is a phosphatidate phosphatase that hydrolyzes PA to produce DAG, but the role of lipin1 in mast cell function has been thus far unknown. Here we show that lipin1 is an important and selective inhibitor of mast cell degranulation. Lipin1 deficiency enhanced FceRI-mediated β-hexosaminidase and prostaglandin D2 release from mast cells in vitro and exacerbated the passive systemic anaphylaxis reaction in vivo. Lipin1 deficiency, however, did not exert obvious effects on IL-6 or TNF-α production following FceRI engagement. FceRI-induced PKC and SNAP-23 phosphorylation were augmented in the lipin1-deficient mast cells. Moreover, inhibition of PKC activity reduced SNAP-23 phosphorylation and mast cell degranulation in lipin1-deficient mast cells. Together, our findings suggest that lipin1 may negatively control mast cell degranulation and the anaphylactic response through inhibiting the PKC-SNAP-23 pathway.
Experimentally induced metamorphosis in axolotls reduces regenerative rate and fidelity

While most tetrapods are unable to regenerate severed body parts, amphibians display a remarkable ability to regenerate an array of structures. Frogs can regenerate appendages as larva, but they lose this ability around metamorphosis. In contrast, salamanders regenerate appendages as larva, juveniles, and adults. However, the extent to which fundamental traits (e.g., metamorphosis, body size, aging, etc.) restrict regenerative ability remains contentious. Here we utilize the ability of normally paedomorphic adult axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) to undergo induced metamorphosis by thyroxine exposure to test how metamorphosis and body size affects regeneration in age-matched paedomorphic and metamorphic individuals. We show that body size does not affect regeneration in adult axolotls, but metamorphosis causes a twofold reduction in regeneration rate, and lead to carpal and digit malformations. Furthermore, we find evidence that metamorphic blastemal cells may take longer to traverse the cell cycle and display a lower proliferative rate. This study identifies the axolotl as a powerful system to study how metamorphosis restricts regeneration independently of developmental stage, body size, and age; and more broadly how metamorphosis affects tissue-specific changes.
A short guide to p-torsion of abelian varieties in characteristic p

There are many equivalent ways to describe the p-torsion of a principally polarized abelian variety in characteristic p. We briefly explain these methods and then illustrate them for abelian varieties A of arbitrary dimension g in several important cases, including when A has p-rank f and a-number 1 and when A has p-rank f and a-number g-f. We provide complete tables for abelian varieties of dimension up to four.
Longshore Bars and Bragg Resonance

Longshore bars are often found on many gently sloping beaches of large lakes, bays and sea coasts. A beautiful example can be seen in Fig. 20.1 which gives the aerial view of the Escambia Bay in Florida. Several other typical observations are summarized in Table 20.1. In contrast to bars found in rivers where the flows are essentially unidirectional and characterized by very long time scales (see Chap. 15), coastal bars are usually the products of waves. Of scientific interests are the detailed physics of their generation by waves, as well as their influence on the propagation of waves.
Growth-Rate Induced Epitaxial Orientation of CeO2 on Al2O3(0001)

High-quality CeO2 films were grown on Al2O3(0001) substrates using oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial orientation of the films is found to be CeO2(100) and CeO2(111) at low ( 12 A/min), respectively. CeO2(100) film grows as three-dimensional islands, while CeO2(111) film grows as two-dimensional layers. The CeO2(100) film exhibits better epitaxial quality compared to CeO2(111) film. However, the CeO2(100) film on Al2O3(0001) shows three in-plane domains at 30° to each other. While the epitaxial quality is attributed to the close match between oxygen sublattices of CeO2(100) and Al2O3(0001), the three in-plane domains in CeO2(100) are attributed to the threefold symmetry of the substrate. The relative stability of different epitaxial orientations of CeO2 films on Al2O3(0001) obtained from molecular dynamics simulations strongly supports the experimental observations.
Os Contornos e o Entorno da Nova Sociologia da Moral

Neste ensaio vou expor brevemente como vejo o desenvolvimento do campo da Sociologia da Moral, com foco em seu potencial fundamentalmente interdisciplinar, destacando os estudos e tradicoes que merecem ser incorporados a sociologia. A moral, como tema de investigacao da ciencia social, perpassa os campos da psicologia (social e do desenvolvimento), sociologia, antropologia, neurociencias e economia. Aqueles entre nos implicados no seu desenvolvimento afirmam que ela serve de fundamento para toda a organizacao e interacao social. Assumo, implicitamente, a posicao do filosofo Charles Taylor e do sociologo Christian Smith de que os seres humanos vivem envolvidos em teias de significados, pelas quais sao moldados, conforme versoes de “certo” e de “bem”. Os seres humanos sao fundamentalmente morais, nao no sentido de serem convencionalmente altruistas ou de se preocuparem com os outros, mas de que as pessoas humanas, por serem seres sociais habitando um espaco social, devem assumir posicoes sobre temas relevantes nessas sociedades e grupos. As pessoas, de um modo geral, nesse meu paradigma, ancoram seus sentidos de si em posicionamentos morais, padroes que oferecem um solo a partir do qual dao sentido ao mundo atraves de lentes morais. Uma sociologia da moral compreende a formacao dessas crencas, sua relativa imutabilidade ou as circunstâncias pelas quais elas mudam, sua influencia sobre a acao e sua reconstrucao retrospectiva diante de efeitos desajustados ou de pressoes sociais.
A computational procedure for automated flutter analysis

A direct solution procedure for computing the flutter Mach number and the flutter frequency is applied to the aeroelastic analysis of propfans using a finite element structural model and an unsteady aerodynamic model based on a three-dimensional subsonic compressible lifting surface theory. An approximation to the Jacobian matrix that improves the efficiency of the iterative process is presented. The Jacobian matrix is indirectly approximated from approximate derivatives of the flutter matrix, which are updated only in the direction of the last move. Examples are used to illustrate the convergence properties. The direct solution procedure facilitates the automated flutter analysis in addition to contributing to the efficient use of computer time as well as the analyst's time.
Agroforestry management as an adaptive strategy against potential microclimate extremes in coffee agriculture

Abstract Current climate change patterns may cause more extreme and variable climates in the future, threatening agricultural productivity in many areas of the world. Because many smallholder, rural farmers depend on subsistence, rainfed agriculture, priorities should be focused on coping mechanisms that protect these farmers from future vulnerabilities. This paper examines one possible adaptive strategy for coffee agriculture. A high (60–80%), medium (35–65%), and low (10–30%) shade coffee site were chosen in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico. Microclimate and soil moisture data were collected to examine the ability of shade tree cover in an agroforestry system to protect crop plants against extremes in microclimate and soil moisture fluctuation. Site and site by time effects were analyzed using linear mixed models to compare mean differences of microclimate measurements (temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation) by site as well as by time of the day. Although there were not large differences in seasonal means for these factors, site by time effects show that temperature, humidity, and solar radiation fluctuations increase significantly as shade cover decreases. Soil data showed significantly larger fluctuations in soil moisture gain and loss in the low shade site respective of patterns of precipitation. Overall, the amount of shade cover was directly related to the mitigation of variability in microclimate and soil moisture for the crop of interest. The use of agroforestry systems is an economically feasible way to protect crop plants from extremes in microclimate and soil moisture and should be considered a potential adaptive strategy for farmers in areas that will suffer from extremes in climate.
Yielding behavior of thermo-reversible colloidal gels.

The breakdown of structure in gelled suspensions due to the application of an external stress results in flow. Here we explore the onset of flow by investigating the onset of nonlinear behavior in the elastic moduli of a widely studied class of thermo-reversible gels over a range of volume fractions. We employ the system composed of octadecyl-coated silica particles (radius = 24 nm) suspended in decalin that displays a transition from a liquid to a gel below a volume-fraction-dependent gel temperature, Tgel. The perturbative yield stress at which the gel modulus drops to 90% of its value in the linear viscoelastic limit is found to increase monotonically with volume fraction and decreasing temperature. The recently proposed activated barrier-hopping theory of Schweizer and co-workers1,2 presents a framework to capture the impact of external forces on the mechanical properties of structurally arrested systems. By characterizing particle interactions with a Yukawa potential and employing the resultant stati...
Monophasic and biphasic synovial sarcomas abundantly express cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 but not MAGE-A1 or CT7.

Synovial sarcomas are high-grade malignant mesenchymal tumors with biphasic (BSS) and monophasic (MSS) variants that carry a pathognomonic cytogenetic alteration, t(X;18), involving the SYT gene on chromosome 18 and one of several SSX genes on chromosome X, usually SSX1 or SSX2. Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms but, in normal tissues, are restricted to male germ cells. Previous analysis revealed a high incidence and homogeneous expression of MAGE CT antigen in synovial sarcomas. The present study was performed to analyze the expression of 3 CT antigens, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A1 and CT7, by immunohistochemistry with 3 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), ES121 (anti-NY-ESO-1), MA454 (anti-MAGE-A1) and CT7-33 (anti-CT7), in 25 synovial sarcomas (12 MSS, 13 BSS) typed for the t(X;18)-derived fusion transcript by RT-PCR (19 SYT-SSX1, 6 SYT-SSX2). NY-ESO-1 immunoreactivity was found in 20/25 (80%) cases, and antigen expression was homogeneous in 14/20 NY-ESO-1-positive cases. Both morphologic variants and both translocation types were NY-ESO-1-positive, whereas 5 SYT-SSX1 tumors (1 MSS, 4 BSS) were NY-ESO-1-negative. MAb MA454 was immunoreactive with 4/25 cases (2 MSS, 2 BSS; 3 SYT-SSX1, 1 SYT-SSX2), and MAb CT7-33 was immunoreactive with only 2/25 cases (both BSS, SYT-SSX1). Expression of MAGE-A1 and CT7 was heterogeneous in all positive cases. Our study shows that NY-ESO-1 is highly expressed in a homogeneous pattern in synovial sarcomas of both morphologic variants and both translocation types, making these tumors an attractive target for NY-ESO-1 antigen-based immunotherapy.
Electrokinetically deposited coating for increasing the service life of partially deteriorated concrete sewers

Abstract Microbiological induced corrosion (MIC) is a leading deterioration mechanism in concrete wastewater conveyance systems. The work reported herein focuses on breaking the MIC cycle by preventing colonization of the bacteria responsible for converting hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid. Electrokinetics was used to drive an antimicrobial agent (cuprous oxide) into the porous wall surface of a pre-cast concrete pipe. An electric potential difference, applied between the steel reinforcement embedded in the concrete and a copper electrode placed in the coating solution, provides the driving force to the copper ions. Atomic absorption tests performed on the coated specimens were used to determine the percentage of cuprous oxide that penetrated the porous surface and migrated into the hardened concrete matrix. A pilot study conducted on three mock pipe specimens demonstrated that the process is effective on partially corroded and non-corroded pipes. Test data also revealed that the amount of copper that migrated into the concrete matrix is time dependent. Based on preliminary test results a treatment procedure was designed and implemented on a 380 mm diameter commercial pre-cast concrete pipe. The data suggest that the method could be deployed to “immune” new and partially deteriorated steel reinforced concrete pipes against MIC.
Preparing teacher candidates to serve students from diverse backgrounds: Triggering transformative learning through short-term cultural immersion

Abstract This study followed 24 teacher candidates in a short-term cultural immersion field experience designed to help them reflect on their assumptions and perspectives in order to better understand the culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse students they will teach. Qualitative methods were informed by a phenomenological research approach to examine candidates’ transformative learning experiences in a cultural immersion context. The findings are discussed within a three-stage framework of transformative learning: triggering experiences, frame of reference examination, and transformative change.
Occurrence of Newly Synthesized Monoamine Oxidase in Subcellular Fractions of the Rat Liver

The rates of return of monoamine oxidase activity in rat liver mitochondrial and microsomal fractions following inhibition by pargyline or iproniazid were investigated. When these irreversible inhibitors were administered at dosages which produced 100% inhibition, the rate of return of enzyme activity was found to be more rapid in the microsomal fractions than in the mitochondrial fractions. In addition, it was observed that emetine or chloramphenicol inhibited the synthesis of monoamine oxidase but inhibition was not noted until 48 hr. after administration of these compounds.
Esterification of cholesterol by canine adrenal homogenates.

Abstract Tracer amounts of cholesterol-4-C11 were incorporated into sterol esters and adrenal steroids by whole homogenates of dog adrenal glands. The esterification reaction was stimulated by addition of ATP, CoA, DPN and a TPNH-generating system (TPN and G6P). Esterification induced by ATP and CoA was inhibited by the addition of oleic acid. Palmityl-CoA stimulated esterification above control levels, but its effect was less than that of ATP and CoA. Maximum incorporation of labeled cholesterol into adrenal steroids was obtained with the addition of a TPNH-generating system. Addition of ATP, CoA, and DPN to this system resulted in diminished labeled steroid formation and increased esterification.
Preliminary Classification of the Singly Ionized Plutonium Atom (Pu II)

A preliminary energy level scheme for Pu II has been established based on 125 Zeeman patterns obtained with an Echelle-Littrow spectrograph and a magnetic field of approximately 24 000 oersteds. The low electronic configuration involves the 6,8F terms from 5f67s. Seven low even levels and 84 high odd levels are given.
Is Expanded Fluid Mercury a Ferroelectric Excitonic Insulator

We relate the metal-nonmetal transition in expanded liquid mercury to the dielectric transition in dense mercury vapor. Condensation of Frenkel excitons into an excitonic-insulator phase is shown to occur at the dielectric transition. The excitons unbind at the associated (Mott) metal-nonmetal transition. The permanent dipole moments of the condensed excitons are estimated to order as a ferroelectric phase; the critical exponents of the liquid-gas transition therefore become classical.
Reinventing the Wheel?: Ethics for Technical Communicators:

At present the ethical concerns for technical communicators are narrowly defined in terms of management issues. Ethical problems cannot be solved by such a simplistic view. Instead we need to explore the ethical nature of the professional fields technical and science writing supports, the ethical positions in closely related fields, and the work that has already been accomplished in the general area of communication ethics. Once we have established such a foundation, we can begin to explore the most basic influences inherent in language uses on ethical concerns.
The Metabolite GnRH-(1-5) Inhibits the Migration of Immortalized GnRH Neurons

The decapeptide GnRH is an important regulator of reproductive behavior and function. In the extracellular matrix, GnRH is metabolized by the endopeptidase EC3.4.24.15 (EP24.15) to generate the pentapeptide GnRH-(1-5). In addition to its expression in the adult hypothalamus, EP24.15 is expressed along the migratory path of GnRH-expressing neurons during development. Although we have previously demonstrated a role for EP24.15 in the generation of the biologically active pentapeptide GnRH-(1-5) in regulating GnRH expression and mediating sexual behavior during adulthood in rodents, the modulatory role of GnRH-(1-5) in the migration of GnRH neurons during development remains unknown. To address this information gap, we examined the effect of GnRH-(1-5) on the cellular migration of a premigratory GnRH-secreting neuronal cell line, the GN11 cell, using a wound-healing assay. Dose- and time-response studies demonstrated that GnRH-(1-5) significantly delayed wound closure. We then sought to identify the mechanis...
Inconsistent discipline of aggression in young boys

Abstract Two studies assessed the effects of interagent, inconsistent discipline on aggression in young boys. One agent responded to hitting behavior with verbal disapproval while another agent responded with verbal approval. In Experiment 1, the frequencies of hitting responses of first- and second-grade boys were examined under four schedules of adult reactions: (1) consistent disapproval; (2) consistent ignoring: (3) consistent approval; and (4) inconsistent discipline (approval from one agent and disapproval from the other). Aggressive responding was least frequent when met with consistent disapproval whereas the frequency of hitting responses in the inconsistent discipline condition was not different than that in the consistent approval and ignore conditions. In Experiment 2, the frequencies of hitting responses were examined under a schedule of consistent disapproval following a brief schedule of either: (1) inconsistent discipline; (2) consistent approval; or (3) consistent ignoring. Hitting behavior during consistent disapproval was greatest following a period of inconsistent discipline and least frequent following a history of consistent ignoring. These findings replicate the results of correlational field studies of the relation between inconsistent discipline and aggression in boys. In addition, these experimental studies demonstrate a causal link and the direction of effects between these variables.
Validity of repeated initial rise thermoluminescence kinetic parameter determinations

Abstract The validity of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis by repeated initial rise (initial slope) measurements has been studied by computer simulation. Thermoluminescence described by first order, second order, general one trap (GOT), and interactive TL kinetics, were investigated. In the simulation, each of the repeated temperature increase and decrease cycles contains a linear temperature increase followed by a decrease appropriate for “radiative” cooling, i.e. the latter is approximated by a decreasing exponential. Plots showing the activation energies, computed from each simulated emission, against the corresponding (mean) temperature are readily compared with the known values used to compute the TL emission. From such plots it is determined that the repeated initial rise technique provides reliable results only for (1) single peak glow curves; or (2) glow curves containing peaks that do not overlap; or (3) the lowest temperature peak in multi-peak curves where the peaks are well separated. In cases where it is valid to use the initial rise method, the activation energy vs corresponding initial rise temperature plots contain plateaux of constant activation energy values that correspond to the known value. Also, the initial rise temperatures corresponding to “correct” activation energies occur on the low temperature side of the normal glow curve, often well below the peak temperature. In cases where the initial rise method gives incorrect results, plateaux do not occur and/or they correspond to activation energies not used in the simulation. Consequently, a variety of misleading and/or incorrect “results” can be obtained when the repeated initial rise technique is applied to TL systems that produce overlapping peaks in the usual glow curve.
Bump shading for volume textures

Bump mapping was introduced as a method of rendering realistic shading on bumpy surfaces, without actually rendering a full 3D model of the bumps. Bump mapping works well for parameterized surfaces. The authors interpret the 3D texture as a displacement function to be added to the surface position. >
Correlation of interleukin-1β and cachectin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome from bacterial meningitis

Because interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) are though to mediate the body's response to microbial invasion, we measured IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor concentrations in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (on admission to the hospital, CSF 1 ; 18 to 30 hours later, CSF 2 ) from 106 infants and children with bacterial meningitis. In CSF 1 , IL-1β was detected in 95% of samples; the mean (±1 SD) concentration was 944±1293 pg/ml. Patients with CSF 1 IL-1β concentrations >500 pg/ml were more likely to have neurologic sequelae ( p =0.001). Tumor necrosis factor was present in 75% of CSF 1 samples; the mean concentration was 787±3358 pg/ml. In CSF 2 the mean IL-1β concentration was 135±343 pg/ml, and IL-1β concentrations correlated significantly with CSF 2 leukocyte count, with glucose, lactate, protein, and tumor necrosis factor concentrations, and with neurologic sequelae. Tumor necrosis factor was detected in CSF 2 specimens of 53 of 106 patients, with a mean concentration of 21±65 pg/ml. Of the 106 patients, 47 received dexamethasone therapy at the time of diagnosis. These patients had significantly lower concentrations of IL-1β and higher glucose and lower lactate concentrations in CSF 2 , and they had a significantly shorter duration of fever compared with the values in patients not treated with steroids ( p ≤0.002). Our data suggest a possible role of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor as mediators of meningeal inflammation in patients with bacterial meningitis, and might explain, in part, the beneficial effect of dexamethasone as adjunctive treatment in this disease.
Radiation-induced defects in glasses with high water content

Abstract Na 2 O3SiO 2 glasses containing up to 17 wt. % H 2 O have been x-irradiated at 77K and studied by ESR and optical techniques as a function of anneal temperature. It is shown that the radiation-protected characteristic of hydrosilicate glasses containing > 2 wt. % water is related to the postirradiation reaction of H 2 O molecules with HC 1 and HC 2 hole centers to form free OH° radicals, observed for the first time in glasses.
A Relational Approach to Monitoring Controls

The integration and coupling that result from networking, database systems, and real-time applications are serving to increase concern about security and control in modem computing environments. The establishment and effective monitoring of controls in such settings is essential to guarantee data integrity and to prevent undesired intrusion. It is proposed that the monitoring of system controls is essentially an information-processing activity and that the relational model is a useful formalization of information gathered from central monitoring. Moreover, we posit that the universal data view facilitates auditor analysis without imposing the requirement that he or she have explicit knowledge of the structure of the relational database of monitoring information.
Johannine dualism and contemporary pluralism

The main thrust of this essay is an argument that (1) John's Gospel is not “dualistic” in the technical sense of the term but that it does operate with “oppositional dualities”; (2) far from being negating of pluralism as both a social fact and a political project, John's kind of oppositional dualities may in fact be the best way to preserve social pluralism and make it flourish; (3) two notable features of John's oppositional dualities are that (i) they are soft enough to allow surprisingly blurry boundaries between “inside” and “outside” and that (ii) they mandate a willingness to sacrifice one's own life on behalf of one's deadly enemies.
Changes in Psychology of Women and Psychology of Gender Textbooks (1975–2010)

In this section, four authors contributed their thoughts on how writing textbooks on the psychology of women and gender has changed over the last 35 years. The introduction summarizes common themes in these reflections: the explosion in research and theory about women and gender; increased inclusion of diversity and intersectionality; increased appreciation of the power of the social context and power itself; the challenge of keeping a feminist perspective; changes in the student population; and changes in the publishing industry. Some comments about the future of the field are included.
Effects of resistance training on central blood pressure and wave reflection in obese adults with prehypertension

Effects of resistance training on central blood pressure and wave reflection in obese adults with prehypertension
Stimulating and sustaining student interest in content area reading

(1989). Stimulating and sustaining student interest in content area reading. Reading Research and Instruction: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 76-83.
Cigarette Smoking Alters the Rabbit Transarterial Wall Oxygen Gradient

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of short-term (3 weeks) and long-term (10 weeks) cigarette smoking on the transarterial wall oxygen gradient. Female New Zealand White Rabbits (3-4 kg) were exposed to the smoke of seven nonfiltered cigarettes daily and their transarterial wall oxygen gradients measured at 3 weeks or 10 weeks before and during cigarette smoke exposure. Arterial blood oxygen content, percent of carboxyhemoglobin, and arterial blood pressure were recorded during the experiments. Short-term cigarette smoking resulted in a decrease in the artery wall oxygen content only during exposure to cigarette smoke that corresponded to arterial blood hypoxia. Long-term cigarette smoke exposure resulted in a sustained decrease in artery wall oxygen content noted 24 hours after last exposure to cigarette smoke with normal levels of arterial blood oxygen and an acute decrease during cigarette smoke exposure with corresponding arterial blood hypoxia. These results were noted despite no differences in blood pressure or evidence of atherosclerotic lesions. Short-term cigarette smoking results in artery wall hypoxia only during cigarette smoke exposure and arterial blood hypoxia while long-term cigarette smoking results in sustained artery wall hypoxia in the presence of normal arterial blood oxygen content.
What Does RTI (Response to Intervention) Look Like in Preschool

This paper examines the use of Response to Intervention (RTI) in early childhood programs, more specifically in preschool settings. The paper proposes that RTI in preschool could focus on alleviating risk factors as it relates to social emotional competence, and reduction of challenging behaviors during early childhood years. A case-study in which RTI is used for challenging behaviors of a child is examined. Further, recommendations for practice in application of Positive Behavior Support (PBS) in preschool are made.
Effect of changing the size of lipid headgroup on peptide insertion into membranes

Adsorption of amphiphilic peptides to the headgroup region of a lipid bilayer is a common mode of protein-membrane interactions. Previous studies have shown that adsorption causes membrane thinning. The degree of the thinning depends on the degree of the lateral expansion caused by the peptide adsorption. If this simple molecular mechanism is correct, the degree of lateral expansion and consequently the membrane thinning should depend on the size of the headgroup relative to the cross section of the hydrocarbon chains. Previously we have established the connection between the alamethicin insertion transition and the membrane thinning effect. In this paper we use oriented circular dichroism to study the effect of varying the size of the headgroup, while maintaining a constant cross section of the lipid chains, on the insertion transition. A simple quantitative prediction agrees very well with the experiment.
Predatory Behavior of Argiope argentata (Fabricius)

SYNOPSIS. Insects striking the web of Argiope argentata evoke a complex sequence of behaviors. These involve prey-location, prey-immobilization, prey-transport, and preymanipulation before feeding. The behavioral elements which form a sequence are not always the same nor do they always occur in the same order. This paper describes some commonly occurring sequences and reports on progress in the experimental analysis of the external stimuli which affect the form of such sequences. Particular emphasis is given to the stimuli which affect the first response to contact with the prey. The initial response to butterflies and moths is a long bite, whereas all other insects, except the very smallest, are wrapped in silk. This special response to Lepidoptera is probably adaptive since it applies very rapid restraint to insects which can escape rapidly from spiders' webs. The long bite given to Lepidoptera is based on a discrimination which is not affected by vibration, weight, size, or shape. Experiments suggest that discrimination is based on surface texture. The functional significance of other elements of the behavioral sequences is discussed.
Electrochemical studies of sodium borohydride in alkaline aqueous solutions using a gold electrode

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry using a gold disk working electrode has been employed for quantifying sodium borohydride in alkaline aqueous media. A 6 mm diameter disk working electrode is shown to offer higher sensitivity compared to a 1 mm diameter electrode, demonstrated by the slope of the calibration curve being 38 times greater when the 6 mm electrode is used. The dynamic range is also greater with the 6 mm electrode, evidenced by the square of the correlation coefficient for regression over the same concentration range. The influence of the matrix on the calibration curves was evaluated; 2 M NaOH, 2 M NaOH + 10% NaBO2, 2 M NaOH + 20% NaBO2, 2 M NaOH + 25% NaBO2, and 25% NaBO2 in solution at pH 12 were the matrices investigated. The matrix was shown to affect the calibration curves; generally, increasing content of NaBO2 caused the slope to decrease. Cyclic voltammetry was then used to assess the stability of sodium borohydride in aqueous solutions of different compositions.
High frequency scalp potentials evoked by a reaction time task

Abstract ‘Bursts’ of high frequency (20–80 Hz) extracellular electrical activity are the signature of the brain mechanism mediating recognition of odors in rabbits and cats. To test the hypothesis that a similar mechanism may be functional in man outside the olfactory system, relationships were studied between bursts of 20–150 Hz scalp EEG and parameters of performance during visual reaction time tasks. Specific findings indicated that (1) muscle artifacts were not the primary source of identified EEG bursts, (2) the mechanism which produces the bursts may be similar in both rabbit olfactory bulb and human neocrtex, (3) visual task performance may be mediated by the brain areas which produced the bursts, and (4) burst activity varied with changes in performance which may be associated with attention and learning.
Abstract 5167: Melatonin inhibition of linoleic acid transport and 13-HODE production in HeLa human cervical adenocarcinoma occurs via receptor-mediated signal transduction

Over 12,000 women in the U.S. alone this year will be diagnosed with cervical cancer, ranking third behind endometrial and ovarian cancers. Patients with an advanced stage cervical cancer have only a 15-20% survival rate at 5 years. Observational studies of the night-shift worker population have shown an increased incidence of risk in persons exposed to ocular light at night in a number of cancers, including cervical cancer. This finding was associated with an inhibition of nighttime pineal gland production of melatonin, the circadian neurohormone shown to suppress tumor metabolic and proliferative activity. This occurs via melatonin inhibition of tumor linoleic acid (LA) uptake and conversion to 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), a molecule that upregulates epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I-induced mitogenesis. Here, we investigate the effects in vivo of melatonin (500 pM) on perfused, tissue-isolated HeLa human adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude rats. HeLa adenocarcinoma latency-to-onset and tumor growth rates were, respectively, 8 days and 0.09 ± 0.01 g/day; mean tumor weights were 5.9 ± 0.3 g (n = 32). Cervical adenocarcinomas perfused in situ with donor rodent blood for 150 minutes (Controls) revealed a tumor glucose uptake and lactate release of 11.4 ± 0.9 ng/min/g and −20.4 ± 2.2 nmol/min/g, respectively; control tumor LA uptake and 13-HODE release was 0.71 ± 0.08 μg/min/g and 0.35 ± 0.07 ng/min/g, respectively. Incorporation of 3 H-thymidine into tumor DNA and DNA content, respectively, were 21.2 ± 0.6 dpms/μg DNA and 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/g tumor. Adenocarcinomas perfused with arterial donor blood augmented with physiological nocturnal levels of 500 pM melatonin showed over a 20% abrogation of tumor glucose uptake and lactate production, O 2 consumption and CO 2 production, and a complete inhibition of LA uptake, 13-HODE release, ERK 1/2, MEK, Akt, GSK3β proliferative activities, and over an 85% reduction in tumor cAMP levels and 3 H-thymidine incorporation into tumor DNA. Supplementation with the non-selective MT 1 /MT 2 melatonin antagonist S20928, forskolin, 8-Bromo-cyclic-AMP, or pertusiss toxin completely reversed the tumor growth inhibitory response. Also, addition of 13-HODE reversed 3 H-thymidine into tumor DNA, but had no effect on LA uptake. The preliminary results presented here demonstrate, for the first time, that nocturnal melatonin levels suppress HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma metabolism and proliferation in vivo via a melatonin receptor mediated signal transduction mechanism. A better understanding of this signaling pathway and the regulation of LA in cancer metabolism and proliferation may lead to new therapeutic and/or chemopreventative interventions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5167. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5167
Reducing reverse-mode memory requirements by using profile-driven checkpointing

Reverse-mode derivative calculations have favorable time cost for many problems. Unfortunately ''real world'' reverse-mode computations frequently experience prohibitive space costs. To mitigate this space cost, users resort to checkpointing techniques to recompute, rather than save, the necessary values. Injudicious checkpointing, however, can destroy the favorable time performance that made reverse mode attractive in the first place. Consequently, reverse-mode users must spend significant amounts of development time analyzing and developing checkpointing schemes that complement their reverse-mode computation code. In this paper, we describe a particular instance of this checkpointing problem: we were using reverse-mode code generated by Adifor 3.0 to compute derivatives of a large computational fluid dynamics code. Our effort labored under the additional constraint that development time was minimal (as always, it was needed yesterday). Our solution was to use profiling to narrowly focus our checkpoint analysis. This profiling approach worked well for our problem. Furthermore, the profiling idea is sufficiently general that it should work well for other problems. This paper details both our results on our specific problem and guidelines for applying the profiling technique to other checkpoint-based reverse-mode development problems.
Response to Paredes

useful comments on my article, "Separate People: Speaking of Creek Men and Women" (Bell 1990). I was pleased to be reminded of my early collaboration with him as I began my study of the Creeks. His thoughts on my analysis bring together a number of pertinent aspects of Creek discourse and culture. I begin with Paredes' first observation. Indeed, some Creeks did stay. Descendants of pre-removal Creeks are found in many of the southern states, especially Alabama and Georgia. In addition, I have met Creeks resident in Florida, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Mississippi who live in non-Indian communities and are not affiliated with a federally recognized body of Native North Americans. My early essay (Walker 1977) cited by Paredes concerns a similar group. However, the Poarch Band of Creek Indians is unique among such groups in that it has been federally recognized-a difficult feat for which Paredes deserves at least partial credit. His professional and personal support of the Poarch Band was critical in their struggle for federal recognition. The prefatory remarks in my AA article contextualized my research with Oklahoma Creeks, hence I did not include a discussion of non-removed (nor returned) Creeks. I regret this omission if my introduction "perpetuates" a "historical fallacy." Paredes believes that the Poarch Creeks provide "an interesting, less exotic but more complex perspective for assessing the significance that Bell attaches to elements of Creek language and culture for Creek identity." I would urge Paredes to compare my analysis of the Oklahoma Creeks (Bell 1990) with similar linguistic and cultural features of the Poarch Creeks. However, given the fact that "none of the Poarch people speak Creek and all are mixed-bloods," they will doubtless show dif-
A statistical test for synergism of two cell growth inhibitors.

Abstract Interaction of 2 inhibitors of cell growth can be detected by measuring the inhibiting effect of the 2 drugs separately and in combination. A control group is used as the basis for each comparison. We discuss a method for the statistical analysis of such measurements, when the basic observations is the number of cells harvested from a treated culture.