cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interspecific fusion of bovine and other cells with parainfluenza viruses (Sendai and Pi-3)

Abstract The ability of a chick strain of Sendai virus and of a bovine strain of parainfluenza virus type 3 (Pi-3) to fuse cells of different species, was studied in a series of experiments with human (HeLa), mouse (A9 and B82), pig (PT), chick (erythrocytes) and bovine (MDKB, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and Theileria parva-infected lymphoblasts) cells. A variety of cell combinations was tested and intra- and interspecific polykaryons were produced by both viruses. The 2 viruses gave similar fusion percentages in human, mouse and pig systems, but in systems in which bovine cells were used Pi-3 virus consistently gave a higher percentage of polykaryons and a higher mean nuclear number per polykaryon. The fusing activity of Pi-3 was only slightly reduced following inactivation by u.v. light. Previous attempts to fuse bovine cells with Sendai virus have given poor results. The current work shows that a bovine strain of Pi-3 virus fuses such cells better than chick-derived Sendai virus. This finding probably relates to the presence of bovine host cell constituents in the Pi-3 viral envelope, thus explaining the affinity of this strain of Pi-3 virus for bovine cells.
Electroplated diamond-composite coatings for abrasive wear resistance

This paper describes electroplated diamond-composite coatings which are capable of attaining wear resistance a number of orders of magnitude greater than conventional materials when subjected to abrasion by paper. The coatings consist of a single layer of diamond particles held in a matrix of electroplated metal. During the course of these studies, many parameters were found to play important roles in the wear resistance. These parameters include the diamond particle size, its size distribution, the particle density, particle shape, plating uniformity, and the properties of the matrix metal. The influence of these variables is discussed, and the results of the wear testing are presented. The plating process is also briefly described.
The influence of bilirubin on oxidative phosphorylation and related reactions in brain and liver mitochondria: effects of protein-binding.

SUMMARY 1. The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria by bilirubin does not occur in the presence of equimolar quantities of human serum albumin. With brain mitochondria, however, albumin was not protective. 2. A similar protective effect of albumin for liver, but not for brain, mitochondria was observed in studies of the effects of bilirubin on the 32Pi-ATP exchange reaction. 3. The latent ATPase of fresh brain mitochondria is activated by Mg2+ but only slightly by DNP. Bilirubin increased the Mg2+ stimulated ATPase activity in liver mitochondria but depressed this activity in brain mitochondria. These effects were uninfluenced by protein binding. 4. Isotope studies with [14C]bilirubin demonstrated that the affinity of brain mitochondria for albumin-bound bilirubin is not greater than that of liver mitochondria. 5. The greater toxicity of protein-bound bilirubin for brain mitochondria than for liver mitochondria might be related to the greater lipid content of brain mitochondria.
Gastric ulceration as a function of food deprivation in isolated and aggregated mice

The incidence and severity of gastric lesions, developed as a result of 24 hr. of food deprivation, was studied in adult mice isolated or aggregated for eight days. Isolated animals showed a reduced amount of food intake, less gastric food retention, a greater incidence of gastric ulcers, and more severe gastric lesions than did the aggregated mice. The isolated animals also showed slightly heavier adrenals and less adrenal ascorbic acid. The data appear consistent with the view that ulcerogenesis in mice is a function of housing conditions which govern activity, food consumption, and the ability to retain food in the stomach.
Factors associated with average pig weight at weaning on farms using early weaning

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various factors on average pig weight at weaning on farms using early weaning. Farms were selected based on average weaning age and whether they recorded lactation food intake and litter weights at weaning. The database contained 9834 litter weights and 8903 food intake records. Average pig weight at weaning, litter size at weaning, weaning age, and average daily food intake during lactation (ADFl) were 4·9 (s.d. 1·0) kg, 9·3 (s.d. 1·6) pigs, 16·8 (s.d. 2·8) days, and 4·9 (s.d. 1·1) kg, respectively. Litter size, weaning age, parity, farrowing season, and ADFl groups influenced average pig weight at weaning (P 5·6 kg) were heavier (P 4·2 kg) group.
The Case for Fundamentals of Oral Communication.

Dozens of studies support the fact that communication skills are essential for success in a number of areas. After citing a sampling of these studies, a survey of the communication course offerings in Alabama's 2–year-college system reveals that most students are required to take only one communication course—either Fundamentals of Oral Communication (SPH 106), or Fundamentals of Public Speaking (SPH 107). Since students are typically being exposed to only one communication course experience, that course should be as broad-based and exhaustive as possible. A case is made that SPH106 should be the preferred course.
EFFECT OF MATERNAL DOCOSAHEXAENOIC (DHA) SUPPLEMENTATION ON MILK AND INFANT PLASMA DHA. |[utrif]| 1857

The DHA content of plasma lipids of breast-fed infants, although higher than that of formula-fed infants, decreases over the first few weeks of life as does the DHA content of human milk. To determine if DHA supplementation of lactating mothers can prevent the decrease in DHA content of milk and infant plasma, breastfeeding women were assigned randomly to one of 3 DHA supplements, all providing daily DHA intakes of 200-260 mg, and the DHA content of their milk and infant's plasma was determined before and after supplementation. Group 1 (n=6) received an algae-produced high-DHA triglyceride; Group 2 (n=6) received high-DHA eggs (2/d); Group 3 (n=6) received a high-DHA, low-EPA marine oil. Group 4 (n=6), received no supplementation. Milk DHA content of the 3 supplemented groups, respectively, increased by 100±123 (SD), 69±84 and 84±140 nmol/ml from 2 wks (when supplementation began) to 8 weeks postpartum (46-69%) while that of the control group decreased by 101±193 nmol/ml (51%). Concurrently, the mean percent of DHA in plasma phospholipid of infants of the 3 supplemented groups increased by 1.52±0.82%, 0.74±0.66% and 0.98±0.61%, respectively, (20-40% from baseline); the mean percent DHA in the control group increased by 0.33±0.72% (9% from baseline). These data illustrate that DHA supplementation of lactating women increases the DHA content of their milk and raises the DHA content of the recipient infant's plasma phospholipid. The desirability of maternal DHA supplementation and, if so, the desirable amount of supplementation remain to be determined.
Issues and solutions for interfacing a PACS database with an RIS

We describe the interfacing methods between our departments RIS (Radiological Information System) and PACS database. Sharing information has become an increasingly important issue for both systems. RIS study information should be available at the PACS workstation to complete the image description. Patient scheduling, admission and discharge information are critical to PACS for improving image routing and storage management algorithms. The design of the interface between the RIS and the PACS database involves the development of some standardization methods. These include the network communication protocol between the two database servers, the language mapping operations, the database result format and the error handling. The implementation of the interface is in two steps. In the first one, a subset of RIS data is automatically transmitted to the PACS database when some relevant events occur in the RIS. In a second phase, the user at the PACS workstation can directly initiate queries to the RIS. The PACS SQL server (UNIX based) sends SQL network requests as ASCII text to the RIS MUMPS database server (VAX based). The RIS server translates the SQL requests to MUMPS, executes the statements and returns ASCII results to the SQL server. We have been able to exchange information between the RIS and the PACS display programs. RIS text reports can be displayed on PACS workstations. RIS information can be used into pre-fetch algorithms.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Suppressor cell regulation of the spontaneously induced in vitro secondary antibody response.

We have investigated the regulation of the spontaneously induced in vitro secondary antibody response of rabbit lymph node cells. A vigorous spontaneous IgG response was observed with the synthesis of high avidity antibody. Separation of lymph node cells on glass bead columns into a nonadherent and adherent fraction revealed that the nonadherent fraction yields a spontaneous antibody response which was three to four times greater than the response obtained with unfractionated control cells. The glass bead nonadherent cell response could be inhibited by the addition of either control or adherent cells. Characterization of the adherent cell population suggests that the suppressor cell is a macrophage. This suppressor cell regulates not only the magnitude of the response but the quality of antibody produced. In the absence of suppressor cells, glass bead nonadherent cell cultures give rise to larger numbers of antibody-forming cells producing low avidity antibody.
Lead exposure potentiates the effects of NMDA on repeated learning

Several studies now suggest that Pb exposure disrupts NMDA receptor complex function, findings which may have implications for understanding the basis of Pb-induced learning impairments. To further evaluate this possibility, the behavioral properties of the glutamate agonist NMDA were compared in rats that had been chronically exposed to 0, 50, or 250 ppm Pb acetate in drinking water from weaning. Acute administration of NMDA (20-50 mg/kg IP) decreased accuracy in both the repeated acquisition (RA) and performance (P) components of this multiple schedule with a selective effect on the learning component in the second half of the session. Analyses of error patterns revealed that the disruption of RA accuracy derived from initial perseverative errors followed by errors of skipping forward and backwards in the 3-member response sequence. Response rates in both RA and P were suppressed by NMDA. Pb-exposure potentiated the accuracy-impairing effects of NMDA by further increasing the frequencies of these error classes, and likewise potentiated the rate-suppressing effects of NMDA. These findings add further support to the possible involvement of Pb with the NMDA receptor complex.
Metamorphic reaction rate laws and development of isograds

A n S T R A C T. New data on the kinetics of dehydration o f muscovite+quartz suggest the necessity for a careful treatment of both surface kinetics and diffusion processes in metamorphic reactions. A new model is proposed that illustrates the relative role of diffusion and surface reactions in the overall metamorphic process. The rate law for the reaction at mineral surfaces derived from the experimental data is shown to be probably non-linear and similar to rate laws derived from Monte Carlo calculations. The experimental rate data is then used in a heat flow calculation to model the evolution of the muscovite isograd in the field. The position of the isograd, the temperature oversteps above equilibrium, and the width of 'reaction zones' are then analysed as a function of intrusion size and kinetic parameters.
Dividing and conquering the shop floor: Uyghur labour export and labour segmentation in China's industrial east

This work examines the labour export programme of south-west Xinjiang that brought Uyghur migrant workers to the Early Light Toy Factory in Shaoguan, Guangdong and places it in the context of capitalist-working class divisions emerging in contemporary China, where clashes between managers and workers have become frequent occurrences, and increasing worker solidarity and growing labour activism have become a leading concern of the Communist Party of China and an increasingly influential business class. The author suggests that labour export is primarily utilized not as a means to alleviate poverty and reduce minority-Han income gaps, as claimed by official sources, but as an instrument of business-class interests for dividing and conquering the shop floor through the ethnic diversification of the workforce, an age-old tactic of factory bosses harkening back to the manipulation of foreign-born workers in late-nineteenth-century industrial America.
Differential expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in the liver and plasma of fasted and fed transgenic mice

Because cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is considered a potential target in the treatment of atherosclerosis, several reports have focused on the regulation of this enzyme, and there is evidence that insulin may be a regulatory factor. The present study examines the differential expression of the human CETP gene between physiologic conditions that are accompanied by low (fasted) and high (fed) insulin levels. CETP expression was examined in plasma and tissues of transgenic mice expressing the human CETP minigene after 12 hours of fasting (n = 20) or ad libitum feeding (n = 20) with normal mouse chow. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) was 20% higher in fed than in fasted mice, reflecting higher levels of CETP (P < 0.05). This observation was accompanied by higher liver mRNA in fed mice (100%, P < 0.05), as determined by ribonuclease protection assays, as well as by higher CETA (23%, P < 0.05) and CETP mass (29%, P < 0.05) in the particulate fraction of liver homogenates. These parameters of liver CETP expression correlated well with each other, as well as with plasma CETA. CETP in the liver particulate fraction was found as a doublet (approximately 70 and 65 kDa), which resolved to a single band (approximately 60 kDa) upon deglycosylation. No differences in CETP expression were observed in pooled adipose tissue samples from fed and fasted mice. Insulin and glucose were not related to any plasma or tissue parameter of CETP expression. In summary, the concerted, differential expression of CETP in the liver of fed and fasted transgenic mice appears to contribute to higher plasma CETP levels in fed mice, but the precise role of insulin and glucose in regulating CETP expression under fasted and fed conditions needs to be defined.
The Effects of a Monetary Incentive System on Work Performance of Mental Health Counselors

Improving the productivity of mental health counselors was investigated with the use of an incentive system. Ten Masters-level mental health clinicians (5 females, 5 males) with a range of 1.5 to 17 years experience participated in the study. Single-case and between-group methodologies were used to assess the effects of the incentive on the number of direct client contact sessions conducted per day. Incentive payments were provided to clinicians above a minimum number per two-week pay period. The number of session credits improved from a baseline of 73.6 to a mean of 85.9 during the program.
Fullerenol-cytotoxic conjugates for cancer chemotherapy.

In the present study, we report the novel application of polyhydroxylated fullerenes (fullerenols) in cancer drug delivery. The facile synthetic procedure for generating multiple hydroxyl groups on the fullerene cage offers scope for high drug loading in addition to conferring hydrophilicity. Doxorubicin, a first line cancer chemotherapeutic, was conjugated to fullerenols through a carbamate linker, achieving ultrahigh loading efficiency. The drug−fullerenol conjugate was found to be relatively stable in phosphate buffer saline but temporally released the active drug when incubated with tumor cell lysate. The fullerenol−doxorubicin conjugate suppressed the proliferation of cancer cell-lines in vitro through a G2-M cell cycle block, resulting in apoptosis. Furthermore, in an in vivo murine tumor model, fullerenol−doxorubicin exhibited comparable antitumor efficacy as free drug without the systemic toxicity of free doxorubicin. Additionally, we demonstrate that the fullerenol platform can be extended to oth...
Dynamic spatiotemporal warping for the detection and location of myocardial infarctions

Myocardial infarction (MI), also known as heart attack, is the leading cause of death - about 452,000 per year - in US. It often occurs due to the occlusion of coronary arteries, thereby leading to the insufficient blood and oxygen supply that damage cardiac muscle cells. Because the blood vessels are all over the heart, MI can happen at different spatial locations (e.g., anterior and inferior portions) of the heart. The spatial location of diseases causes the variable excitation and propagation of cardiac electrical activities in space and time. Most of previous studies focused on the relationships between disease and time-domain biomarkers (e.g., QT interval, ST elevation/depression, heart rate) from 12-lead ECG signals. Few, if any, previous approaches have investigated how the spatial location of diseases will alter cardiac vectorcardiogram (VCG) signals in both space and time. This paper presents a novel warping approach to quantify the dissimilarity of disease-altered patterns in 3-lead spatiotemporal VCG signals. The hypothesis testing shows there are significant spatiotemporal differences between healthy controls (HC), MI-anterior, MI-anterior-septal, MI-anterior-lateral, MI-inferior, and MI-inferior-lateral. Further, we optimize the embedding of each functional recording as a feature vector in the high-dimensional space that preserves the dissimilarity distance matrix. This novel spatial embedding approach facilitates the construction of classification models and yields an accuracy of 94.7% for separating MIs and HCs and an accuracy of 96.5% for anterior-related MIs and inferior-related MIs.
KNOWLEDGE, VALUES AND THE CHOICE OF ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION*

SUMMARY This paper examines some dangerous aspects of the ‘humanistic counterrevolution’ in progress. The destruction of ancient orientations offered in philosophy and traditional religions created apparently an unstable pattern. The feverish search for ‘new values’ and ‘commitments’ shaped an intellectual regression which denies the role of cognition and is incapable to distinguish between cognition and valuation. The conflicts bearing on assessment and choice of economic organization illustrate the dangers inherent in the sacrifice of cognition fashionably enveloping increasing portions of our intellectual establishment.
Geographic variation of the lactate dehydrogenases of Rana pipiens and Rana palustris.

Electrophoretic, immunological, catalytic, and enzyme recombination studies were carried out on the HLDHs, and to a lesser extent on the MLDHs, of many populations of Rana pipiensand R. palustris.HLDH is far more variable from one population to the next than is MLDH, which appears to be identical in both species as far as can be determined by the methods employed. Of all the methods used, electrophoresis is capable of distinguishing the most differences between populations. However, two electrophoretically identical groups of enzymes can be differentiated immunologically. The geographic distribution of HLDH variability is generally concordant with the distributions of different mating calls, with the results of hybridization studies, and also with the old subspecies distributions. Eleven different forms of HLDH have been discovered so far in the R. pipienscomplex.
Control of neuronal fate by the Drosophila segmentation gene even-skipped.

The central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable diversity of cell types. The molecular basis for generating this neuronal diversity is poorly understood. Much is known, however, about the regulatory genes which control segmentation and segment identity during early Drosophila embryogenesis1,2. Interestingly, most of the segmentation and homoeotic genes in Drosophila, as well as many of their vertebrate homologues, are expressed during the development of the nervous system (for example, ref. 3). Are these genes involved in specifying the identity of individual neurons during neurogenesis, just as they specify the identity of cells during segmentation? We previously described the CNS expression of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) and showed that ftz CNS expression is involved in the determination of an identified neuron3. Here we show that another segmentation gene, even-skipped (eve), is expressed in a different but overlapping subset of neurons. Temperature-sensitive inactivation of the eve protein during neurogenesis alters the fate of two of these neurons. Our results indicate that the nuclear protein products of the eve and ftz segmentation genes are components of the mechanism controlling cell fate during neuronal development.
Investigation of Cracks Found in Helicopter Longerons

Four cracked longerons, containing a total of eight cracks, were provided for study. Cracked regions were cut from the longerons. Load was applied to open the cracks, enabling crack surface examination. Examination revealed that crack propagation was driven by fatigue loading in all eight cases. Fatigue crack initiation appears to have occurred on the top edge of the longerons near geometric changes that affect component bending stiffness. Additionally, metallurigical analysis has revealed a local depletion in alloying elements in the crack initiation regions that may be a contributing factor. Fatigue crack propagation appeared to be initially driven by opening-mode loading, but at a crack length of approximately 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), there is evidence of mixed-mode crack loading. For the longest cracks studied, shear-mode displacements destroyed crack-surface features of interest over significant portions of the crack surfaces.
The use of atabrine (quinacrine) in the control of recurrent neoplastic effusions. A preliminary report.

SUMMARY In this preliminary report evidence has been presented which demonstrates that Atabrine (quinacrine) is effective in controlling neoplastic effusions. The number of cases available thus far for evaluation is too small to permit an accurate statement of the frequency of success. It would appear likely, however, that since the drug has a definite cytotoxic effect on tumor cells and also produces a serositis, it will control effusions with reasonable regularity. The side reactions of fever, local discomfort and, rarely, yellow pigmentation (1 case) are not real hazards and probably will be reduced in frequency with the modified dosage regimen suggested in this paper. The potentially more serious compromise of lung volume by contraction of the fibrous tissue in the pleura must be weighed in patients with reduced ventilatory capacity. The ready availability of Atabrine, its low cost, apparent effectiveness against a variety of tumor types, and absence of significant systemic toxicity commend the drug for trial in the management of neoplastic effusions. It is to be reemphasized, however, that this treatment, at best, offers relief of a symptom and will not fundamentally modify the natural history of the underlying neoplastic disease.
The health benefits of physical activity in children and adolescents: implications for chronic disease prevention

Clinical, epidemiological and basic research evidence clearly supports the inclusion of regular physical activity as a tool for the prevention of chronic disease and the enhancement of overall health. In children, activities of a moderate intensity may enhance overall health, and assist in preventing chronic disease in at-risk youth. The numerous health benefits of regular exercise are dependent on the type, intensity and volume of activity pursued by the individual. These benefits include reduction of low density lipoproteins while increasing high density lipoprotein; improvement of glucose metabolism in patients with type II diabetes; improved strength, self esteem and body image; and reduction in the occurrence of back injuries. In addition, a progressive, moderate-intensity exercise program will not adversely effect the immune system and may have a beneficial effect on the interleukin-2/natural killer cell system. Furthermore, by decreasing sedentary behaviors and, thus, increasing daily physical activity, individuals may experience many stress-reducing benefits, which may enhance the immune system. Conclusion Moderate intensity exercise of a non-structured nature seems to facilitate most of the disease prevention goals and health promoting benefits. With new guidelines promoting a less intense and more time-efficient approach to regular physical activity, it is hoped that an upward trend in the physical activity patterns, and specifically children at risk for chronic disease, will develop in the near future.
Chromosomal Rearrangements Formed by rrn Recombination Do Not Improve Replichore Balance in Host-Specific Salmonella enterica Serovars

Background Most of the ~2,600 serovars of Salmonella enterica have a broad host range as well as a conserved gene order. In contrast, some Salmonella serovars are host-specific and frequently exhibit large chromosomal rearrangements from recombination between rrn operons. One hypothesis explaining these rearrangements suggests that replichore imbalance introduced from horizontal transfer of pathogenicity islands and prophages drives chromosomal rearrangements in an attempt to improve balance. Methodology/Principal Findings This hypothesis was directly tested by comparing the naturally-occurring chromosomal arrangement types to the theoretically possible arrangement types, and estimating their replichore balance using a calculator. In addition to previously characterized strains belonging to host-specific serovars, the arrangement types of 22 serovar Gallinarum strains was also determined. Only 48 out of 1,440 possible arrangement types were identified in 212 host-specific strains. While the replichores of most naturally-occurring arrangement types were well-balanced, most theoretical arrangement types had imbalanced replichores. Furthermore, the most common types of rearrangements did not change replichore balance. Conclusions/Significance The results did not support the hypothesis that replichore imbalance causes these rearrangements, and suggest that the rearrangements could be explained by aspects of a host-specific lifestyle.
Chemically modified resins for solid-phase extraction

Abstract The packings most widely used for solid-phase extraction are hydrophobic and make poor surface contact with aqueous samples unless the resins are first treated with an activating organic solvent such as methanol. Insertion of an acetyl- or hydroxymethyl group into a porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin provides a more hydrophilic surface that is easily wetted by water alone. Small columns of the chemically modified resins were found to be very efficient for the solid-phase extraction of many types of organic solutes from aqueous samples. Comparative recovery studies showed that the modified resins are superior to both silica packings and unmodified organic resins for the solid-phase extraction of organic compounds, and especially for polar organics such as phenols.
Considerations in the identification, assessment, and intervention process for deaf and hard of hearing students with reading difficulties

Problematic assessment and intervention issues present substantial challenges when making educational decisions for deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) students who are experiencing reading difficulties. These students present a diverse set of language acquisition skills, hearing ability, and orientation to early school learning activities that are different from the hearing student population. Given the importance of selecting assessment approaches that lead to effective interventions for D/HH students, three assessment procedures for identification of at-risk children and learning disabilities within the D/HH population are examined. Assessments reviewed are teacher referral, norm-referenced testing, and student response to intervention. Challenges to each process and the need for additional assessment and empirically validated treatment options are discussed. Finally, a case example is presented to illustrate a framework that may help school psychologists promote early identification of learning problems and outline interventions that meets a D/HH child's unique needs by focusing on reading outcomes in the curriculum. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serotonergic neurotoxic thioether metabolites of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): synthesis, isolation, and characterization of diastereoisomers.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a synthetic recreational drug of abuse that produces long-term toxicity associated with the degeneration of serotonergic nerve terminals. In various animal models, direct administration of MDMA into the brain fails to reproduce the serotonergic neurotoxicity, implying a requirement for the systemic metabolism and bioactivation of MDMA. Catechol-thioether metabolites of MDMA, formed via oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine and 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (HHMA and HHA) and subsequent conjugation with glutathione (GSH), are selective serotonergic neurotoxicants when administered directly into brain. Moreover, following systemic administration of MDMA, the thioether adducts are present in rat brain dialysate. MDMA contains a stereogenic center and is consumed as a racemate. Interestingly, different pharmacological properties have been attributed to the two enantiomers, (S)-MDMA being the most active in the central nervous system and responsible for the e...
E. coli ribosomal protein L4 is a feedback regulatory protein.

Abstract We studied the synthesis of ribosomal proteins encoded by the S10 operon, an eleven gene operon from the str-spc region of the E. coli chromosome, using a λ fus 3 DNA-directed, in vitro protein synthesizing system. Addition of ribosomal protein L4 (1 μM) to in vitro protein synthesis reactions caused selective inhibition of synthesis of the promoter-proximal proteins of the S10 operon, S10, L3, L4, L23 and possibly L2. Proteins of the S10 operon other than L4 did not cause selective inhibition of protein synthesis. Autoregulatory ribosomal proteins previously identified from other operons, L1, S4 and S8, did not inhibit protein synthesis from the S10 operon; nor did L4 cause significant inhibition of protein synthesis from operons other than the S10 operon. As with L1, S4 and S8, L4 inhibits gene expression at the level of translation.
Simulated pathways of the overflow waters in the North Atlantic: Subpolar to subtropical export

Motivated by previous observational and modeling studies that demonstrate interior pathways for the export of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) into the subtropical North Atlantic, we analyze whether the deeper, denser overflow water (OW) pathways are similarly distributed in the basin. For this study, we rely on the simulation of OW pathways in the context of an ocean general circulation model. From our analysis, we suggest that OW in the North Atlantic is not restricted to the DWBC in its equatorward transport. Thus, a measure of OW transport variability within the DWBC downstream of the subpolar gyre cannot be safely equated to transport variability of the lower limb of the AMOC. Since this study of OW export pathways relies solely on simulated pathways, the applicability of our results to the North Atlantic rests on the representativeness of the model’s deep flow field.
The Uses of Theory, Concepts and Comparison in Historical Sociology

The sociological study of history has only recently achieved recognition in American sociology. Although historical research occupied an important place in the nineteenth-century European sociological tradition, American scholars long accepted a disciplinary division relegating the study of the past to historians, while reserving contemporary subjects for sociological investigation. The field of historical sociology first witnessed a revival in the 1950s with the publication of Reinhard Bendix's Work and Authority in Industry (1956) and Neil Smelser's Social Change in the Industrial Revolution (1959). During these years, a small chorus of voices called for a more historical approach to sociological problems and closer cooperation between the two disciplines.
Energy-efficient scheduling and hybrid communication architecture for underwater littoral surveillance

There exists a high demand for reliable, high capacity underwater acoustic networks to allow efficient data gathering and information exchange. This is evidenced by significant research in overcoming the limitations of the shallow water acoustic channel, such as low bandwidth, highly varying multipath effects and large propagation delays. This paper proposes an energy-efficient scheduling mechanism for a scalable network topology with a hybrid RF-acoustic communication architecture, designed for underwater littoral surveillance applications. In combination with a scalable buoy positioning scheme that assures AUV underwater synchronization and position computation, we propose a Time Division Multiple Access scheduling technique for underwater communication that achieves energy-efficient, collision-free data exchange on the low data rate acoustic channel. We measure the performance of the communication architecture by extensive simulations using the Opnet network simulator.
ULTRACAM EAGLE, DETAILS AND INSIGHT

UltraCam Eagle, the ultra large format digital aerial frame camera is the latest product out of a family of innovative mapping cameras by Microsoft/Vexcel. The sensor was introduced in 2011 and was well accepted by the community. The ultra large frame format of 20010 pixels cross track and 13080 pixels along the flight line offers a high productivity in the air. The sensor head consists of new CCD sensor arrays, new optical lens systems and new electronic components. In this contribution we present the camera design, technical parameters and the result from different flight missions.
Influence Tactics for Effective Adaptive Selling

Abstract The adaptive selling literature identifies effective salespeople as those who match their influence tactics to suit the characteristics of buyers. However, prior research is largely silent on the specific influence tactics that salespeople use and the effectiveness of these tactics across different types of buyers. The authors propose a theoretical model that uses Kelman's (1961) underlying influence processes of internalization, compliance, and identification to identify the seller influence tactics that salespeople use and to assess which of these tactics will resonate with three types of buyers: task-oriented buyers, interaction-oriented buyers, and self-oriented buyers. The authors test their model with data from 193 bidirectionally matched buyer–seller dyads. The results strongly support the theoretical model and suggest that buyers are more complex than originally presumed. However, salespeople seem to recognize this complexity and use the combination of influence tactics prescribed by theo...
Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Visually Significant Age-Related Maculopathy in Men

Background Reports have suggested relationships of body weight with age-related maculopathy (ARM), particularly its nonneovascular (dry) forms, but results are inconsistent and prospective data are scarce. Objective To examine prospectively relationships of body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) with visually significant dry and neovascular ARM during an average of 14.5 years of follow-up. Methods Incident ARM was assessed by medical record confirmation of self-reported ARM among the 21 121 men participating in the Physicians' Health Study who (1) were followed up for at least 7 years, (2) were free of visually significant ARM at baseline, and (3) had information on BMI and cigarette smoking. We used proportional hazards regression models to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for visually significant dry ARM (256 cases) and neovascular ARM (84 cases) within 4 categories of BMI: lean ( Results Adjusting for age, randomized aspirin and beta carotene assignments, and cigarette smoking, the incidence for visually significant dry ARM was lowest in men with a normal BMI. Compared with these men, the RRs (95% CIs) were as follows: 1.43 (1.01-2.04) for lean, 1.24 (0.93-1.66) for overweight, and 2.15 (1.35-3.45) for obese men. Although there was no significant relationship of BMI with the diagnosis of neovascular ARM, due to the small number of cases these analyses could not rule out an important relationship. Conclusions Obesity is a risk factor for visually significant ARM in men, in particular for dry ARM. However, the relationship of BMI with dry ARM appears to be J-shaped, and the leanest individuals also appear to be at increased risk.
Focus on psychometrics. More on mtmm: The role of confirmatory factor analysis

This article is the second of two on the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as a method to assess construct validity. The construct validation criteria required by the conventional MTMM approach are satisfied only by certain ideal data sets, such as those in which the method variance of measures is very low. The CFA approach to multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data is more general, in that violations of those stringent criteria can be managed. Another limitation of the conventional MTMM approach is that only a relatively small number of indicators can be examined by bivariate analysis. The economy of the CFA approach permits the analysis of a much larger number of indicators. In this article, a data set is analyzed using the CFA approach. Results are presented that illustrate the application of this statistical method.
The Most Efficient Finder of Fact: The Federal District Judge

First of all, I want to extend my appreciation to the University of Miami Law Review for the invitation to be with you and to speak at the 2014 Symposium, Leading from Below. This is a beautiful law school on a delightful campus. You are very lucky to be studying here. But, of course, it is the extremely able faculty of this law school and the wonderful and diverse group of students who study here that provide the spark of the learning process. That spark has been evident in all the conversations I have had in the short time I have been here. Now, the topic that the panelists have been asked to talk about is described as an “examin[ation of] the controversial practice of using social facts and statistics to show harm to communities, . . . and whether district court judges should compile a factual record with an eye toward creating opportunities to change the law on appeal.” First off, why are we talking about this subject? The reason, or certainly a major reason, why this kind of fact-finding in the judicial process merits reflection goes back a very long way. It goes back at least to 1934 when the Rules Enabling Act was passed. Among other things, that act merged the law and equity jurisdictions of the federal courts. It thus made available to the federal courts all the tools historically associated with courts of equity. These tools were powers traditionally associated with the executive arm of government because courts of equity in our Anglo-American legal tradition were associated with the king or, in this country, the executive.
Transport and preconcentration of explosives vapors by liquid sampling modules

Abstract For most explosives vapor detection scenarios, the lower detection limit (LDL) requirements are at part-per-trillion (ppt) concentration levels. Further sensitivity constraints are imposed on the detector modules by attendant sampling dilution and inefficient transport of explosives vapor molecules through the detection system sample train. Efficient transport and large preconcentration factors (≃ 100,000) can be achieved simultaneously by using a liquid sampling module, comprising a wetted-wall column in the sample train. Liquid sampling modules are interfaced most effectively to wet-chemical detectors. The transport and preconcentration processor introduces a 60-s or longer lag to the overall system time rate-of-response depending on the preconcentration requirements. Despite the long delay time of liquid preconcentrators and the relatively slow rate-of-response time and limited sensitivity of wet-chemical vapor detectors, it appears that their use is feasible for some applications. For example...
Proposed principles governing how vegetation changes affect transpiration

Understanding global variation in evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for accuracy of climate models, predictions used in water resources management, and assessment of land use change impacts on the water balance of ecosystems—yet we lack unifying principles to predict when transpiration (T) varies with land use. Plant T is a dynamic and often dominant component of ET, and is affected by a variety of processes controlled by land use changes superimposed onto edaphic conditions. We propose the following three principles that determine whether T will vary with changes in vegetation: variation will result if energy balance partitioning has been altered, if deeper or shallower active rooting depth has changed the amount of soil moisture accessible to plants, or if temporary changes in water use add up over longer time scales. Clearly these concepts are not new; however, they are often overlooked in favor of blanket assumptions that large changes in vegetation inevitably alter T. Not so. Our suggested framework incorporates both edaphic and plant traits that determine whether T will vary or not in response to altered land cover conditions. We suggest that this simple set of principles unifies results of wide-ranging studies of T following land use change and can explain underlying causes of T variation. These principles are illustrated through case studies from four different environments: Pacific Northwest forest, Texas mesquite brushland, Texas savanna and woodland, and Middle Rio Grande riparian forest. The proposed principles seem broadly applicable, should be further evaluated, and are directly relevant for land management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic analysis of childhood pneumonia in Northern Pakistan

Methods Data on the duration and economic implications of the illnesses for households were collected from caretakers of children under 3 years of age enrolled in a surveillance study who sought care at a health facility. Trained study physicians and health workers identified children with pneumonia, severe pneumonia and very severe febrile disease—as defined by protocols for the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). Results From January to December 2002, 141 health facility visits for pneumonia (n ¼ 41, 29%), severe pneumonia (n ¼ 65, 46%) and very severe febrile disease (n ¼ 35, 25%) were recorded for 112 children who sought care at various levels of health facilities in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The total societal average cost per episode was US$22.62 for pneumonia, US$142.90 for severe pneumonia and US$62.48 for very severe febrile disease. For household expenditures, medicines constituted the highest proportion (40.54%) of costs incurred during a visit to the health facility, followed by meals (23.68%), hospitalization (13.23%) and transportation (12.19%). Conclusion Pneumonia is one of the leading killers of children in Pakistan with a correspondingly high economic burden to society. The results of this study suggest that there is a strong economic justification for expanding the availability of existing interventions to fight pneumonia, and for introducing measures such as vaccines to prevent pneumonia episodes.
Religiosity, Religious Affiliation, and Alcohol and Drug Use among American College Students Living in Germany

The influence of religious values and religious affiliation on alcohol and drug use among American college students living in Germany is examined. Religious affiliation differentiates among Protestant, Catholic, and nonaffiliated groups for reported high school alcohol use but not for collegiate alcohol consumption. Groups defined by the importance of religious values differ on reported high school and college alcohol and drug use. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty—Biomechanics and Rationale

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) was designed to provide pain relief, improve functional results, and reduce the risk of implant failure in patients with a painful rotator cuff-deficient shoulder. Understanding the biomechanics and rationale behind the surgical technique and its relationship to implant design is essential. The design and biomechanics of RTSA is based upon principles put forth by Grammont. These are inherent prosthetic stability, convexity of the glenoid components with complementing concavity of the humeral component, glenosphere center placement at or within the glenoid neck, and a medialized and distalized center of rotation. In addition, patient selection, surgical technique, and postoperative management all factor in the functional success of RTSA. Component sizing, version, glenoid baseplate fixation and placement, humeral neck-shaft angle and distalization, and surgical approach are all choices made by the informed surgeon. Each factor plays a role in the functional outcome of an RTSA and its potential complications.
Quantum bioelectric effects of solar radiation

The phenomena of quantum bioelectric effects are introduced, and a biomathematical model is developed to explain these effects. Solar hyperpyrexia is given as an example. The symptomatology resulting from prolonged solar exposure is explained. These include such things as the paradox of solar hyperpyrexia with no diaphoresis, mental confusion, disorientation, hyperventilation, and in the limit death. The model consists of a quantum bioelectric hemoglobin to methemoglobin system. >
The Role of Pragmatic Language Use in Mediating the Relation between Hyperactivity and Inattention and Social Skills Problems

Purpose In the present study, the authors explored whether pragmatic language use was associated with, and perhaps accounted for, the social skills problems that children with varying levels of hyp...