cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Core Functions and Forms of Complex Health Interventions: a Patient-Centered Medical Home Illustration.

Despite policy and practice support to develop and test interventions designed to increase access to quality care among high-need patients, many of these interventions fail to meet expectations once deployed in real-life clinical settings. One example is the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model, designed to deliver coordinated care. A meta-analysis of PCMH initiatives found mixed evidence of impacts on service access, quality, and costs. Conceptualizing PCMH as a complex health intervention can generate insights into the mechanisms by which this model achieves its effects. It can also address heterogeneity by distinguishing PCMH core functions (the intervention’s basic purposes) from forms (the strategies used to meet each function). We conducted a scoping review to identify core functions and forms documented in published PCMH models from 2007 to 2017. We analyzed and summarized the data to develop a PCMH Function and Form Matrix. The matrix contributes to the development of an explicit theory-based depiction of how an intervention achieves its effects, and can guide decision-support tools in the field. This innovative approach can support transformations of clinical settings and implementation efforts by building on a clear understanding of the intervention’s standard core functions and the forms adapted to local contexts’ characteristics.
Methods to Discover and Evaluate Proteasome Small Molecule Stimulators

Protein accumulation has been identified as a characteristic of many degenerative conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In most cases, these conditions also present with diminished protein degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for the degradation of the majority of proteins in cells; however, the activity of the proteasome is reduced in these disease states, contributing to the accumulation of toxic protein. It has been hypothesized that proteasome activity, both ubiquitin-dependent and -independent, can be chemically stimulated to reduce the load of protein in diseased cells. Several methods exist to identify and characterize stimulators of proteasome activity. In this review, we detail the ways in which protease activity can be enhanced and analyze the biochemical and cellular methods of identifying stimulators of both the ubiquitin-dependent and -independent proteasome activities.
P144 Young Children Who Meet the Dietary Guidelines' Fruit Juice Recommendation Consume More Fluid Milk

Background Currently, children 2 to 5 years, on average, consume 1.3 cup equivalent (eq.) fluid milk and 1.2 cup eq. total fruit, of which, 0.45 cup eq. is fruit juice. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting fruit juice to one-half of total fruit intake and to increase dairy intake. Objective The research objective was to find out whether children who meet fruit juice recommendation consume significantly different amount of fluid milk than children who do not meet this recommendation. Study Design, Setting, Participants Children 2 to 5 years of age (N=665) who had complete dietary intake on Day 1 of What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2016 were included in the study. They were divided two groups: those who met the fruit juice recommendation and those who did not meet the fruit juice recommendation. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The groups’ mean intakes of total fruit, intact fruit, 100% fruit juice, and fluid milk were estimated and compared using t-test; P-value less than 0.01 was considered as significantly different. Results Overall, 29 percent of children did not meet the fruit juice recommendation. The mean total fruit intake was not significantly different between the groups; Group 1 had 1.1 ± 0.1 cup eq., and Group 2 had 1.4 ± 0.1 cup eq. However, the proportion of fruit juice consumed by the two groups were strikingly different. The children who meet the fruit juice recommendation consumed only 12 ± 1 percent of their total fruit as fruit juice, whereas, the children who did not meet the fruit juice recommendation consumed 84 ± 1 percent as fruit juice. In addition, the children who did not meet the fruit juice recommendation consumed significantly less fluid milk than the other group, 1.1 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.07 cup eq., respectively. Conclusion Consuming more than 50 percent of fruit as fruit juice was associated with lower milk intake in young children. Nutrition interventions can help inform caregivers of the importance of limiting fruit juice and simultaneously increasing intact fruit and fluid milk in children's diet. Funding USDA.
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) Binding Protein Constrains IL-22 Activity, Host Defense, and Oxidative Phosphorylation Genes during Pneumococcal Pneumonia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide, and interleukin-22 (IL-22) helps contain pneumococcal burden in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues. Administration of IL-22 increases hepatic complement 3 and complement deposition on bacteria and improves phagocytosis by neutrophils. The effects of IL-22 can be tempered by a secreted natural antagonist, known as IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), encoded by Il22ra2 To date, the degree to which IL-22BP controls IL-22 in pulmonary infection is not well defined. Here, we show that Il22ra2 inhibits IL-22 during S. pneumoniae lung infection and that Il22ra2 deficiency favors downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in an IL-22-dependent manner. Il22ra2-/- mice are more resistant to S. pneumoniae infection, have increased IL-22 in lung tissues, and sustain longer survival upon infection than control mice. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of infected Il22ra2-/- mouse lungs revealed downregulation of genes involved in OXPHOS. Downregulation of this metabolic process is necessary for increased glycolysis, a crucial step for transitioning to a proinflammatory phenotype, in particular macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Accordingly, we saw that macrophages from Il22ra2-/- mice displayed reduced OXPHOS gene expression upon infection with S. pneumoniae, changes that were IL-22 dependent. Furthermore, we showed that macrophages express IL-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL-22Ra1) during pneumococcal infection and that Il22ra2-/- macrophages rely more on the glycolytic pathway than wild-type (WT) controls. Together, these data indicate that IL-22BP deficiency enhances IL-22 signaling in the lung, thus contributing to resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia by downregulating OXPHOS genes and increasing glycolysis in macrophages.
Empowerment or Subjugation? Women Through the Lens of Lollywood Films

The new wave of Pakistan’s film industry, since 2011, started with a focus on highlighting the socio-culturally embedded women-centric roles and issues. The stories were rooted in the extraordinary endeavours of women who stood-up for themselves, their relations and their community. In the Pakistani context, there is a dearth of academic literature available in the area of women empowerment, and the topic is not yet explored in the current Lollywood films that deal with the issues of Pakistani women. The focus of the present study was to analyse, through quantitative content analysis, the representation of empowerment and/or subjugation in women-oriented films in Pakistan with specific focus on their narratives and characterization. The findings of the study revealed that despite the predominant empowerment orientation, women in the selected films were mainly characterized in traditional domestic and follower roles. However, there is high percentage of assertiveness and absence of gullibility when these women start taking charge of their situation. It is the transitional nature of the characters that changed the narrative from subjugation to empowerment.
Exploring the campus experiences of underrepresented low-income college students through emotion mapping

As university campuses are becoming increasingly diverse, it is imperative to continue to explore the experiences of diverse groups of students. In the study reported here, we employed emotion maps...
Status and influencing factors of pediatric healthcare professionals' perceptions of family's participation in children's safety management

Objective To investigate the cognition status of pediatric healthcare professionals about family's participation in their sick children's safety management, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide references to promote family's participation effectively. Methods From July to August 2016, a questionnaire of healthcare professionals' perceptions about "patient for patient safety (PFPS) " was used to investigate 238 pediatric healthcare professionals who were from a class Ⅲ children's hospital about their overall cognition level and their attitudes towards current difficulties. The multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the overall perception level. Results The pediatric healthcare professionals scored (60.12±8.94) in their overall cognitive level, among which, (4.00±0.74) in knowledge level, (3.96±0.70) in their perception level about the favorable role of patients' family's participation, and (2.50±0.84) in their perception about the unfavorable role of participation. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall cognition scores of the pediatric healthcare professionals from different departments and whether or not they had received education or training about PFPS (P<0.05) . Pediatric healthcare professionals' perception about the existing main difficulties about PFPS were that "patients' expectations with treatment were too high", and "the media's report made the public mistrust and misunderstand the medical industry", as well as, "the public were unable to clearly understand the medical's uncertainty or risk". Conclusions The total cognitive level of pediatric healthcare professionals about family's participation in sick children's safety management needs enhancing. It is suggested that hospitals should strengthen the training plans about PFPS for pediatric healthcare professionals and create a patient safety culture atmosphere in various departments, in order to effectively promote family's participation. It is also suggested that the hospital should try their best to do a good job of health education for patients' family. Also the media and the public are expected to correctly understand the medical industry, and jointly help to build a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients. Key words: Hospital, pediatric; Medical staff; Cognition; Patients'safety; Influencing factors
Environmental exposure of freshwater mussels to contaminants of emerging concern: Implications for species conservation

Abstract Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are prevalent in aquatic landscapes and may be a factor in population declines of aquatic and terrestrial fauna. Yet, there are limited data to assess the impacts of CECs to species. Understanding CEC impacts is particularly important for imperiled freshwater mussels which provide valuable ecosystem services. CEC exposure of freshwater mussels was characterized by evaluating sites with and without the federally endangered mussel (Villosa fabalis) in three subwatersheds of the Maumee River, Ohio, USA, a tributary of the Great Lakes Basin. Analyses of water, sediment, and tissue concentrations of two common mussels (Eurynia dilatata and Lampsilis cardium) indicated different CEC exposures across all 6 sites. Distinct CEC signatures were found across the three media types suggesting as mussels interact with water and sediment they may be experiencing different exposure concentrations and mixtures of CECs at different life stages. Of the 83 CECs which were detected, agricultural CECs dominated sediments, pharmaceuticals were common in tissues and water, and 16 of the 83 CECs were found co-occurring in mussel tissue, water, and sediment. There were no species differences in the CEC signatures indicating all mussels, including species of concern, may be experiencing similar exposure. Comparisons to known CEC standards indicate some exceedances in the Maumee watershed including locations of federally listed mussel species. This study provides evidence of the complexity of CEC mixes in a Great Lakes watershed and the need to understand how CECs impact declining aquatic fauna.
Biomolecular Pathways in Mesothelioma: What Is New Perspective on Biomolecular Research for Mesothelioma?

Exposure to asbestos and to other carcinogenic fibers causes mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Tumorigenesis originates from a chronic inflammatory process driven by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the activation of the inflammatory factors, which induce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other cytokines. Over time, the chronic inflammatory process induces cell survival, favoring the accumulation of DNA mutations that activate several activated pathways, promoting tumor growth. The discovery of germline heterozygous mutations of the BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) gene, conferring higher susceptibility to mesothelioma, originated from studies of gene and environment interactions. Several pathways are relevant in mesothelioma, including NF2 and Hippo, receptor tyrosine kinases like EGFR and MET, intracellular kinases such as PI3K, ERK5, and others. However, HMGB1 and BAP1 represent the most frequent and key activators of oncogenic transformation and tumor progression in mesothelioma. Therefore, the pathways activated by these two proteins, both characterized by dual activity at nuclear and cytoplasmic levels, may offer the most promising perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches to antagonize a very aggressive and refractory cancer like mesothelioma.
Hearing Screening in Pediatric Primary Care.

1. Jordan K. Yoeli, MD*,† 2. Daniel Nicklas, MD*,† 1. *Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 2. †University of Colorado, Aurora, CO Screening for congenital and acquired deafness and hearing loss (HL) represents a significant responsibility for clinicians in all newborn units and medical homes. Approximately 1 to 3 infants of 1,000 born in a well infant nursery setting and 2 to 4 of 100 born in a NICU have significant bilateral HL. Outcomes in various developmental domains depend on the early recognition and subsequent intervention for HL. Developmental delay is present in 30% to 40% of children with HL; the goal of hearing screening (HS) and prompt intervention is to optimize a child’s language acquisition, cognitive development, literacy, social-emotional maturity and academic success. This article reviews the most up-to-date standards and practices to aid medical providers in the early detection and intervention for pediatric HL. In the United States, universal screening begins in the neonatal period. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Joint Commission on Infant Hearing (JCIH), all infants should be screened for congenital HL before 1 month of age. Most infants are screened in nursery or NICU settings, except for those born outside of a medical facility. For the latter population or for infants with no documented HS, screening should be completed by the medical home before 1 month of age. In a well nursery setting, most HSs are performed by otoacoustic emission (OAE) testing. During an OAE screen, a sensitive microphone in the ear canal records the cochlear responses (“acoustic emissions”) to acoustic stimuli, thereby testing the peripheral auditory system from the outer/middle ear (conduction zones) to the cochlear outer hair cells (sensory organ). A “pass” indicates that hearing is functional to the level of …
Evidence for trapping-induced nonlinear frequency shifts in Langmuir waves driven via stimulated Raman scattering

Thomson scattering is used to detect the spectra of Langmuir waves driven through the backward stimulated Raman scattering process in a diffraction limited laser focal spot. Measured Langmuir wave spectral frequencies are found to vary in time and have broadened spectral power, consistent with a nonlinear frequency shift of the driven Langmuir wave due to electron-trapping. Broadening of the Langmuir wave spectral power is observed to decrease in time, consistent with measured variations in the frequency shift of the driven Langmuir waves. Furthermore, the observed spectral broadening is consistent with the temporally short (ps), bursty nature of backward stimulated Raman scattered light observed in simulations that cannot be resolved by the Thomson scattering diagnostic. Comparison of the broadened spectrum with time integrated spectra from two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations shows favorable comparison in the broadened spectral widths, supporting the supposition of electron-trapping induced, nonlinear shifting of daughter Langmuir wave frequencies.
The Application of Machine Learning to Online Mindfulness Intervention Data: a Primer and Empirical Example in Compliance Assessment

Machine learning models are a promising, yet underutilized tool within the mindfulness field. Accordingly, this work aimed to provide a practical introduction to key machine learning concepts through an illustrative investigation of the association between at-home mindfulness exercise compliance and stress reduction. To further interrogate the currently inconclusive nature of the compliance-outcome association within the mindfulness literature, the illustrative example leveraged a suite of machine learning techniques to highlight the unique affordances and perspectives of the predictive framework. Foundational information regarding facets of the machine learning analytical process, including model types, data preprocessing, feature engineering, validation, performance evaluation, and model introspection, was presented. With emphasis on providing details and justifications regarding modeling decisions along the way, the work systematically applied these introduced concepts to a real-world data example. This permitted an opportunity to build, introspect, and derive insight from a model tasked to explore dynamics underlying patient compliance to mindfulness exercises within a web-based delivery setting. The constructed machine learning models suggested a moderate correlation of compliance with post-intervention reliable change in stress (r = 0.349 ± 0.018). Model introspection tools further revealed that a combination of both high consistency and high overall average compliance predicts a trend toward greater reduction in self-reported stress. Results of the illustrative study suggested that compliance, in pattern and absolute magnitude, is a significant contributor to online mindfulness therapy outcomes. Moreover, modeling efforts implicate machine learning as a uniquely beneficial paradigm with which to explore nuanced questions in the mindfulness research space.
Influenza vaccination rates and hospitalizations among Medicaid enrollees with and without sickle cell disease, 2009-2015.

BACKGROUND Personswith sickle cell disease (SCD) face increased risks for pulmonary and infection-related complications. This study examines influenza vaccination coverage and estimates influenza-related morbidity among Medicaid enrollees with and without SCD. PROCEDURE Influenza vaccination coverage and hospitalizations related to influenza and pneumonia/acute chest syndrome (ACS) during each influenza season from 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 were assessed among enrollees in the IBM MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Database. Enrollees with SCD were identified as enrollees with greater than or equal to three claims listing SCD within a 5-year period during 2003-2017. Vaccinations were identified in outpatient claims. Hospitalizations associated with influenza or pneumonia/ACS were identified using inpatient claims. This study includes a series of cross-sectional assessments by season. RESULTS From 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 seasons, the SCD sample ranged from 5044 to 8651 enrollees; the non-SCD sample ranged from 1,841,756 to 3,796,337 enrollees. Influenza vaccination coverage was higher among enrollees with SCD compared with enrollees without SCD for all seasons (24.5%-33.6% and 18.2%-22.0%, respectively). Age-standardized rates of influenza-related hospitalizations were 20-42 times higher among SCD enrollees compared with non-SCD enrollees, and ACS/pneumonia hospitalizations were 18-29 times higher. Among enrollees with SCD, influenza-related hospitalization rates were highest among children aged 0-9 years. Among enrollees without SCD, influenza-related hospitalization rates were highest among adults aged 40-64 years. CONCLUSIONS Although vaccine coverage was higher in persons with versus without SCD, efforts to increase influenza coverage further are warranted for this high-risk group, who experienced markedly higher rates of influenza and ACS/pneumonia hospitalizations during each season.
Aspirin-Induced Delayed Urticaria in Children with Kawasaki Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background Aspirin remains a key component of the standard therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD) in children. Although it is well known that aspirin can cause hypersensitivity such as aspirin-induced urticaria (AIU), AIU in children with KD has not been described. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to investigate AIU clinical features, biochemical parameters, treatment and outcomes in children with KD. Furthermore, biomarkers for predicting AIU were explored using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results We identified 46 AIU cases with 22 boys and 24 girls during April 2015-May 2019. Eighty-nine age-matched KD patients without AIU were randomly chosen as controls. The proportions of children with allergy history and aspirin doses administered in the 2 groups were found not to be significantly different. AIU group had substantially higher baseline C-reactive protein and NT-proBNP levels, and increased neutrophil percent. AIU appeared 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) days after aspirin treatment. Aspirin withdrawal and anti-allergic treatment were applied for AIU, and AIU disappeared in 1-3 days. Baseline NT-proBNP predicted AIU with an AUC of 0.70 (95% CI [0.60 to 0.79]) for sensitivity and specificity of 72.1% and 62.5%, respectively, for a cut-off value of 612.9 mg/L. The length of hospital stay for AIU patients was significantly greater compared with controls. Conclusion AIU in KD children is not related to gender or aspirin dose, and those with AIU have more severe inflammation at admission. Aspirin should be withdrawn for AIU management. Baseline NT-proBNP may serve as a valuable biomarker to predict AIU.
Genetic–Memetic Prevention

Genes are turned on or off in early life in interaction with memes and environment through the mechanism of epigenesis and epistasis (interaction among genes). Mental health or mental illness is a result of interaction among vulnerability and resilience genes and salutary and pathogenic memes. Thus, memetic prevention of mental illness should focus on (1) reduction of stress memes for children with vulnerable genes and (2) prevention of pathogenic memes from taking up residence in the brain. An important preventive strategy would be early recognition of vulnerability genes. Stigmatization is a consideration, and is particularly problematic if there is no remedy for the genetic condition, but it seems that for mental illness, memetic intervention should be possible once the vulnerability genes have been identified. Furthermore, the recognition that so-called vulnerability genes might also serve an adaptive function and thus treatment may not be necessary for all individuals with such genes may alleviate stigmatization. Perhaps genetic testing should be performed for all suspected child abuse cases, and for those individuals with vulnerability genes, special attention could be paid either to remove the child from the environment or to provide closer attention, education, and care. Most destructive memes take up residence in the brain from early childhood and destroy or stunt the ability of the brain to develop adequate filtering and processing mechanisms for incoming memes. These destructive memes accept and exalt irrationality and blind faith and ask us to abandon critical thinking and reasoning – the memes and memeplexes associated with superstition, religion, and cultural traditions. As it is impossible to isolate children from exposure to the pathogenic memes of religion and culture, children should be exposed to as many different religions and cultures as possible, so that they can develop the ability to compare and critique them. Cultural diversity may confer immunity to toxic conformity memes as genetic diversity tends to confer enhanced immunity to infection. In addition to enhancing the skills of critical thinking, children should be taught how to take “time out” from the bombardment of memes from the environment. Teaching children techniques of broad-spectrum meme reduction, including relaxation and stress management, should help. It may be possible to vaccinate children against toxic memes through judicious exposure to attenuated pathogenic memes. Education from an early age in the acquisition and practice of rational and critical thinking will enhance the ability to identify incoming toxic memes. Once identified, toxic memes can be divested of their attractive and pleasing capsules and adornments and be relegated to the pool of irrational memes that can be a source of amusement rather than threat.
Adaptive verification for an on-line learning neural-based flight control system

This paper presents a complex adaptive systems approach for the verification of an adaptive, online learning, sigma-pi neural network that is used for the intelligent flight control system (IFCS) that has the potential of commercial aviation application. This paper reports on the partial completion of my doctoral dissertation proposal at Nova Southeastern University, in the Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences. The most significant shortcoming of the prior and current approaches to verifying adaptive neural networks is the application of linear approaches to a non-linear problem. The project will use a MatLab simulation of the sigma-pi adaptive neural network and an aircraft simulation to fly a series of simulated flight tests. As a result of the flight simulations, a statistical analysis of the neural network weights is performed as input to both a complexity analysis and a neural network rule extraction analysis. Complex adaptive methods are a novel approach to overcome previous linear analysis limitations. Future work will be required to analyze emergent behavior of the neural network weights to show stability and convergence characteristics. Advances in computational power and neural network techniques for estimating aerodynamic stability and control derivatives provide opportunity for real-time adaptive control. New verification techniques are needed that substantially increases trustworthiness in the use of these neural network systems in life critical systems. Verification of neural-based IFCS is currently an urgent and significant research and engineering topic since these systems are being looked upon as a new approach for aircraft survivability, for both commercial and military.
A hybrid MMSE approach to channel shortening for underwater acoustic OFDM

Underwater acoustic (UWA) channels pose a significant challenge to multicarrier communication systems. Doppler effects necessitate short block lengths, so that the channel can be approximated as time-invariant, while large delay spreads require long guard intervals to prevent inter-symbol interference. Channel shortening can be used to alleviate this double bind by compressing the received channel and reducing the effective delay spread. Two simple shortening filters are the Time Reversal (TR) and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) filters. The MMSE filter is a well-studied equalizer, but leads to very long filter lengths. The TR filter is very simple to compute and results in a short filter length, but does not achieve sufficient shortening in sparse UWA channels with a single receive phone. We propose a hybrid approach between these two algorithms, based on the fact that the MMSE filter converges to the TR filter for increasing noise level. By artificially increasing the assumed noise level, we can tune this Hybrid MMSE filter to provide a tradeoff between the performance of the MMSE filter and the simplicity of the TR filter. We perform a series of numerical simulations to show that, for a single-input single-output UWA multicarrier system, the Hybrid MMSE filter can be tuned to provide a shortening filter of fixed length that outperforms both the regular MMSE and TR shortening filters.
On Acceleration of Barge Tows

The acceleration characteristics of barge tows are investigated by deriving functions for acceleration time and distance based on Howe's estimated resistance and effective-push relations. The use of Howe's functions for this purpose permits the solution of the tow's equation of motion from which the acceleration time and distance functions are obtained. In addition, use of Howe's relations provides acceleration functions applicable to a wide variety of tow and waterway characteristics. Examples of tow acceleration time and distance are given and seem to approximate well actual tow operations.
O+ and H+ Escape Fluxes from the Polar Regions

The hydrodynamic transport equations are solved for H(+) and O(+) with allowance made for the important dynamic, collisional, and chemical effects that operate in the F region ionosphere below regions of ion acceleration. It is found that the total ion flux demand imposed on the ionosphere by the higher altitude acceleration region is an important parameter controlling the amount of O(+) in plasma outflows. As solar activity increases, there is an increase in the limiting O(+) escape flux and a decrease in the limiting H(+) escape flux.
Manejo endoscópico de las complicaciones de la pancreatitis

Tanto la pancreatitis aguda como cronica causan diferentes complicaciones que antes del advenimiento de la terapeutica endoscopica tenian que ser tratadas con cirugia convencional. El avance de la endoscopia intervencionista nos ha permitido acceder al pancreas y tratar estas complicaciones efectivamente y con menor morbilidad para nuestros pacientes. Aproximadamente el 90% de las pancreatitis aguda son edematosas, tienen una resolucion clinica temprana y sin complicaciones. Los pacientes que son admitidos con pancreatitis necrotizante estan predispuestos a tener diferentes tipos de complicaciones tanto locales como sistemicas particularmente si hay falla organica. Por otro lado la pancreatitis cronica es un proceso inflamatorio cronico del pancreas en donde se ha establecido la fibrosis de la glandula con posible disfuncion exocrina y/o endocrina. El objetivo principal de la terapeutica endoscopica en la pancreatitis cronica es aliviar la obstruccion y disminuir la presion del conducto pancreatico con la intencion de aliviar el dolor abdominal. En esta revision vamos a hablar acerca de las indicaciones y tecnica endoscopica para tratar las diferentes complicaciones de la pancreatitis como, drenaje de pseudoquistes, necrosectomia pancreatica, manejo del sindrome de conducto desconectado y terapia endoscopica en pancreatitis cronica.
Chapter XI Application of Hydrostatic Pressure to Microbial Cultures

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on application of hydrostatic pressure to microbial cultures. Hydrostatic pressure is generally not employed by investigators working with organisms that normally live at 1 atm. However, in the aquatic environment the Ideal Gas Law must be taken into consideration, because all organisms living below the surface of the water live under various degrees of hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure as it affects micro-organisms is reviewed by several researchers. Hydrostatic pressure equipment designed by various investigators is listed by Morita, who includes such items as pressure viscometers, optical rotation cells, and electrochemical measurements under pressures. Because micro-organisms as well as the various sub-units of micro-organisms are bathed in an aqueous menstruum, the investigator should always take into consideration the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the physical and chemical environment. Some of the factors that the investigator should be cognizant of are the pressure effects on ionization of water, viscosity of fluids, pH, chemical reaction rates, ionization of various substances, hydrophobic bonding of proteins, and viscosity of water. Various types of pressure pumps have been employed to generate the needed hydrostatic pressure. The most widely used type in the United States for biological research is a modification of a high-pressure hydraulic truck jack in which a substitution of a mixture of glycerine and water (1: 1) for the hydraulic fluid is employed.
A general transformation to canonical form for potentials in pairwise interatomic interactions

A generalized formulation of explicit force-based transformations is introduced to investigate the concept of a canonical potential in both fundamental chemical and intermolecular bonding. Different classes of representative ground electronic state pairwise interatomic interactions are referenced to a chosen canonical potential illustrating application of such transformations. Specifically, accurately determined potentials of the diatomic molecules H2, H2+, HF, LiH, argon dimer, and one-dimensional dissociative coordinates in Ar–HBr, OC–HF, and OC–Cl2 are investigated throughout their bound potentials. Advantages of the current formulation for accurately evaluating equilibrium dissociation energies and a fundamentally different unified perspective on nature of intermolecular interactions will be emphasized. In particular, this canonical approach has significance to previous assertions that there is no very fundamental distinction between van der Waals bonding and covalent bonding or for that matter hydrogen and halogen bonds.
Polyglot: an extensible compiler framework for Java

Polyglot is an extensible compiler framework that supports the easy creation of compilers for languages similar to Java, while avoiding code duplication. The Polyglot framework is useful for domain-specific languages, exploration of language design, and for simplified versions of Java for pedagogical use. We have used Polyglot to implement several major and minor modifications to Java; the cost of implementing language extensions scales well with the degree to which the language differs from Java. This paper focuses on the design choices in Polyglot that are important for making the framework usable and highly extensible. Polyglot source code is available.
Novel 2D transient EFIE, MFIE, and CFIE solvers based on the multilevel plane wave time domain algorithm

The marching-on-in-time (MOT) method is usually adopted to solve the transient integral equations (IE) for scattering problems. However, it suffers from a high computational cost. In this paper, the 2D plane wave time domain (PWTD) algorithm is coupled with the conventional MOT scheme, resulting in PWTD accelerated 2D MOT solvers for the transient electric field, magnetic field, and combined field integral equations (EFIE, MFIE, and CFIE). The computational cost associated with the novel IE solvers scales as O(N/sub s/N/sub t/logN/sub s/logN/sub t/) compared with O(N/sub s//sup 2/N/sub t//sup 2/) computational complexity of conventional 2D IE MOT solvers, where N/sub s/ and N/sub t/ are the number of spatial and temporal samples that describe the current distribution on the scatterer, respectively. Due to this low computational complexity, the novel IE solvers are capable of analyzing 2D transient scattering phenomena involving large objects. This paper considers scattering of transverse electric (TE) polarized plane waves from perfect electrically conducting (PEC) objects. A simplified version of the IE solvers presented here can be used in analyzing transverse magnetic (TM) problems.
Breast Cancer Recurrence after Inadvertent Malpositioning of a Partial Breast Radiation Catheter

: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an alternative to receiving whole breast radiation in carefully selected patients. Because breast cancer local recurrence rates are low and follow-up has been short-term, the exact cause of recurrences after APBI has been difficult to evaluate. We report the first case of documented radiation balloon catheter malpositioning that resulted in local recurrence. Patients undergo CT imaging of the breast after radiation balloon catheter placement for radiotherapy treatment planning, which evaluates adequate conformance of the balloon to the surrounding breast parenchyma and confirms a >7 mm distance between the balloon surface and the skin surface. Although true local recurrences are rare in appropriately selected partial breast irradiation candidates, inadvertent malpositioning of the radiation treatment catheter can increase the risk. This case is presented to illustrate the importance of comparing CT radiation planning images, with treatment catheter in place, to the original diagnostic breast imaging studies to confirm proper catheter positioning (in addition to measuring balloon to skin distance and conformance) prior to initiating radiotherapy.
Determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of soil during drainage under a small ring infiltrometer

Abstract Soil-water pressure measurements from a multiple-depth tensiometer installed at vertical axis of a small ring infiltrometer are theoretically not much affected by lateral flow. Such measurements during drainage in a silty-clay loam soil were compared with respect to the prevailing lateral hydraulic gradients around the axis when outer rings of different sizes were used during the preceding water application. Data from outer-ring diameter of 120 cm were free from lateral flow effects, as no lateral gradients were present within 38 cm of the vertical axis. The data from outer-ring diameters of 30 and 60 cm seemed to be somewhat affected when compared with a reference case of 120-cm outer ring. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities calculated from these data tended to slightly increase with decrease in outer-ring diameter from 120 cm, but were within a factor of 2–3. The diameter of the outer ring used for wetting the soil before starting the drainage should not be less than 60 cm. An outer ring of 90–120 cm diameter would be preferable. One or more multiple-depth tensiometers at a radial location would provide a check on the average lateral gradients around the axis.
People detection in image and video data

In this paper, we address the problem of people detection in real world videos/images. We propose an approach that combines a generative model with a discriminative model to utilize the advantages of both types of detections. The individual body parts of the person are detected based on discriminative approach and the evidence aggregation from part detectors is done in a generative model by incorporating a probability framework. The algorithm works on images that can be extended to video data also. The advantage of this framework is that it can handle occlusions and crowded scenarios, where motion information is ambiguous. The results obtained illustrate the ability of the algorithm to give good detection rates despite occlusions, poor illumination conditions and pose, scale variations of people in the scene.
Distribution of volatile composition in 'marion' ( rubus species hyb) blackberry pedigree.

The distribution of volatile constituents in ancestral genotypes of ‘Marion’ blackberry’s pedigree was investigated over two growing seasons. Each genotype in the pedigree had a specific volatile composition. Red raspberry was dominated by norisoprenoids, lactones, and acids. ‘Logan’ and ‘Olallie’ also had a norisoprenoid dominance but at much lower concentrations. The concentration of norisoprenoids in other blackberry genotypes was significantly lower. Terpenes and furanones were predominant in wild ‘Himalaya’ blackberry, whereas terpenes were the major volatiles in ‘Santiam’. ‘Marion’, a selection from ‘Chehalem’ and ‘Olallie’, contained almost all of the volatile compounds in its pedigree at moderate amount. The chiral isomeric ratios of 11 pairs of compounds were also studied. Strong chiral isomeric preference was observed for most of the chiral compounds, and each cultivar had its unique chiral isomeric distribution. An inherent pattern was observed for some volatile compounds in the ‘Marion’ pedigree. Raspberry and ‘Logan’ had a very high concentration of β-ionone, but was reduced by half in ‘Olallie’ and by another half in ‘Marion’ as the crossing proceeded. A high content of linalool in ‘Olallie’ and a low content in ‘Chehalem’ resulted in a moderate content of linalool in their progeny ‘Marion’. However, the concentration of furaneol in ‘Marion’ was higher than in its parents. A high content of (S)-linalool in ‘Olallie’ and a racemic content of (S)-,(R)-linalool in ‘Chehalem’ resulted in a preference for the (S)-form in ‘Marion’.
Structural evidence for the evolution of pyrogenic toxin superantigens.

Pathogenic bacteria have evolved a wide variety of toxins to invade and attack host organisms. In particular, strains of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes produce a family of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) that can cause illness, e.g., toxic shock syndrome, or synergize with a number of other immune system disorders. The PTSAgs are all similar in size and have a conserved two-domain tertiary fold despite minimal amino acid sequence identity. The tertiary structure of PTSAg domain 1 is similar to the immunoglobulin binding motif of streptococcal proteins G and L. PTSAg domain 2 resembles members of the oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding fold family that includes the B subunits of the AB5 heat-labile enterotoxins, cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, and verotoxin. The strong structural homology between the pyrogenic toxins and other bacterial proteins suggests that the PTSAgs evolved through the recombination of two smaller β-strand motifs.
catena-Poly[[[(dimethyl-malonato-κO:O')(perchlorato-κO)copper(II)]-μ-bis-(3-pyridylmeth-yl)piperazinediium-κN:N] perchlorate dihydrate].

In the title compound, {[Cu(C5H6O4)(ClO4)(C16H22N4)]ClO4·2H2O}n, square-pyramidally coordinated Cu atoms with perchlorate and dimethyl­malonate ligands are connected into cationic sinusoidal coordination polymer chains by doubly protonated bis­(3-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands. The chains aggregate into pseudo-layers parallel to the (101) crystal planes by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Unligated perchlorate anions and water mol­ecules of crystallization provide additional hydrogen bonding between pseudo-layers.
CONSUMER DISCRIMINATION OF PORK COLOR AT THE MARKET PLACE

Pork chops from 96 fresh loins representing PSE, normal and DFD quality were displayed in a supermarket. Price was not altered and equal numbers of the three quality types were presented in a manner disguising any evidence that a survey was in progress. A total of 280 packages were purchased. Over one-half (146) of the purchases included packages of normal chops (P < 0.001), whereas the remaining purchases were divided between DFD (72) and PSE (62) packages. These findings suggest that some consumers may be aware of and may activiely select for ‘normal’ pork color, but that others are either unaware of the liminations of, or do actually prefer, PSE and DFD pork.
Impact of telemedicine implementation in thrombolytic use for acute ischemic stroke: the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center telestroke network experience.

Background Intravenous thrombolysis is the only therapy for acute ischemic stroke that is approved by the US Food and Drug Association. The use of telemedicine in stroke makes it possible to bring the expertise of academic stroke centers to underserved areas, potentially increasing the quality of stroke care. Methods All consecutive admissions for stroke were reviewed for 1 year before telemedicine implementation and for variable periods thereafter. A retrospective review identified 2588 admissions for acute stroke between March 2005 and December 2008 at 12 hospitals participating in a telestroke network, including 919 patients before telemedicine was available and 1669 patients after telemedicine was available. The primary outcome measure was the rate of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) use before and after telemedicine implementation. Results One hundred thirty-nine patients received IV tPA in both study phases, with 26 (2.8%) patients treated before starting telemedicine and 113 (6.8%) after starting telemedicine ( P P = .70). Arrivals within 3 hours from symptom onset were more frequent in the posttelemedicine compared to the pretelemedicine phases (55 [6%] vs 159 [9.5%]; P = .002). Among the patients treated with IV tPA, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients (1 [10.7%] pretelemedicine vs 1 [1.8%] posttelemedicine; P = .34). Conclusions Telestroke implementation was associated with an increased rate of thrombolytic use in remote hospitals within the telemedicine network.
Protocol to Enhance Profitability by Managing Risks in Construction Projects

AbstractTo enhance the profitability of a construction company, risks that affect the profit of the company must be controlled as part of their long-term business planning. Project risk management is a systematic process used for managing risks. However, it is challenging to properly analyze the probability and impact of risks because of the inherent uncertainties associated with construction projects. Therefore, a practical risk management protocol is proposed for construction companies to handle the risks through the analysis of completed construction projects. The protocol consists of two phases: Phase-1, risk identification and analysis at the project level, and Phase-2, development of risk-handling strategies to control risks at the company level. The major contribution of the proposed protocol is that any construction company can practically utilize the protocol to establish risk management strategies by evaluating the effectiveness of the relationships among cost centers, profit centers, and extern...
Plausible and adaptive requirement traceability structures

This paper presents an extension of a traceability system which automates the generation of traceability relations between textual requirement artefacts and object models using heuristic traceability rules. These rules match syntactically related terms in the textual parts of the requirements artefacts with related elements in an object model (e.g. classes, attributes, operations) and create traceability relations of different types when a match is found. The extension described in this paper measures beliefs in: (1) the ability of specific traceability rules to generate correct traceability relations, (2) the satisfiability of traceability rules by particular types of artefacts, and (3) the correctness of individual traceability relations. It also provides a mechanism with well-founded semantics for revising these beliefs on the basis of partial (and even conflicting) assessments of the relations that these rules generate provided by different users.