cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
History, ocean channels, and distance determine phylogeographic patterns in three widespread Philippine fruit bats (Pteropodidae)

The comparative phylogeography of widespread, codistributed species provides unique insights into regional biodiversity and diversification patterns. I used partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genes ND2 and cyt b to investigate phylogeographic structure in three widespread Philippine fruit bats. Ptenochirus jagori is endemic to the oceanic region of the Philippines and is most abundant in lowland primary forest. Macroglossus minimus and Cynopterus brachyotis are most common in disturbed and open habitats and are not endemic. In all three, genetic differentiation is present at multiple spatial scales and is associated to some degree with Pleistocene landbridge island groups. In P. jagori and C. brachyotis, genetic distance is correlated with geographic distance; in C. brachyotis and M. minimus, it is correlated with the sea-crossing distance between islands. P. jagori has the least overall genetic structure of these three species, whereas C. brachyotis and M. minimus have more geographic association among haplotypes, suggesting that phylogeographic patterns are linked to ecology and habitat preference. However, contrary to expectation, the two widespread, disturbed habitat species have more structure than the endemic species. Mismatch distributions suggest rapid changes in effective population size in C. brachyotis and P. jagori, whereas M. minimus appears to be demographically more stable. Geologic and geographic history are important in structuring variation, and phylogeographic patterns are the result of dynamic long-term processes rather than simply reflecting current conditions.
Dynamic Take-Off Study Using An Optical Fly Height Tester

We showed a new method of measuring air bearing take-off performance. The procedure involves spindle speed ramp up as during CSS. The data revealed the intrinsic behaviors for different air bearing designs and are in good agreement with both air bearing modeling and CSS tests over magnetic media. The method is an effective tool in evaluating air bearing take off performance.
Predictors of Successful Telephone Contact After Emergency Department-based Recruitment Into a Multicenter Smoking Cessation Cohort Study

Author(s): Ginde, Adit A; Sullivan, Ashley F; Bernstein, Steven L; Camargo, Carlos A; Boudreaux, Edwin D | Abstract: Introduction: Emergency department (ED) studies often require follow-up with subjects to assess outcomes and adverse events. Our objective was to identify baseline subject characteristics associated with successful contact at 3 time points after the index ED visit within a sample of cigarette smokers.Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort. We recruited current adult smokers at 10 U.S. EDs and collected baseline demographics, smoking profile, substance abuse, health conditions, and contact information. Site investigators attempted contact at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months to assess smoking prevalence and quit attempts. Subjects were paid $20 for successful follow-up at each time point. We analyzed data using logistic and Poisson regressions.Results: Of 375 recruited subjects, 270 (72%) were contacted at 2 weeks, 245 (65%) at 3 months, and 217 (58%) at 6 months. Overall, 175 (47%) were contacted at 3 of 3, 71 (19%) at 2 of 3, 62 (17%) at 1 of 3, and 66 (18%) at 0 of 3 time points. At 6 months, predictors of successful contact were: older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.2 [95%CI, 0.99–1.5] per ↑10 years); female sex (AOR 1.7 [95%CI, 1.04–2.8]); non-Hispanic black (AOR 2.3 [95%CI, 1.2–4.5]) vs Hispanic; private insurance (AOR 2.0 [95%CI, 1.03–3.8]) and Medicare (AOR 5.7 [95%CI, 1.5–22]) vs no insurance; and no recreational drug use (AOR 3.2 [95%CI; 1.6–6.3]). The characteristics independently predictive of the total number of successful contacts were: age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.06 [95%CI, 1.00–1.13] per ↑10 years); female sex (IRR 1.18 [95%CI, 1.01–1.40]); and no recreational drug use (IRR 1.37 [95%CI, 1.07–1.74]). Variables related to smoking cessation (e.g., cigarette packs-years, readiness to quit smoking) and amount of contact information provided were not associated with successful contact.Conclusions: Successful contact 2 weeks after the ED visit was 72% but decreased to 58% by 6 months, despite modest financial incentives. Older, female, and non-drug abusing participants were the most likely to be contacted. Strategies to optimize longitudinal follow-up rates, with limited sacrifice of generalizability, remain an important challenge for ED-based research. This is particularly true for studies on substance abusers and other difficult-to-reach populations. [West J Emerg Med. 2013;14(3):287–295.]
Spectra of Plastic and Disordered Crystals

The crystallization of many almost-spherical molecules (called globular molecules) leads to a new phase of matter which has been called [1–8] a “plastic crystal”. Molecules in plastic crystals appear to possess unusual freedom and the positions of the atoms are less definite than usually found for molecular crystals. Consequently, the X-ray diffraction patterns are less well defined so that the patterns may be limited to only a few reflections. Since disorder, which includes thermal motion, in a crystal effects high order reflections more than low order reflections, and since the molecules in plastic crystals have considerable freedom of movement, a plastic crystal characteristically gives a relatively small number of reflections with considerable background scattering [9]. For example, the X-ray diffraction of cyclobutane in its plastic phase has only two reflections [10]. For cyclohexane, a decrease in the number of lines in the diffraction pattern was found with increasing temperature. The plastic phase I usually has a body centered, or face-centered cubic lattice, but there are many exceptions. For example, cyclopentane [11] has a hexagonal lattice, while methanol [12] is orthorombic in phase I.
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Acute Paraplegia

CASE REPORT A 14-year-old high school student is admitted to the pediatric neurology service because of the sudden onset of inability to use her legs. When she had gotten up in the morning she was unable to stand. INTRODUCTION Acute neurologic deficit in an adolescent girl (or in anyone else) always represents an emergency requiring immediate evaluation by a physician competent to analyze the deficit, localize its source, develop a differential diagnosis of possible etiologies, organize appropriate tests, and, when indicated, initiate emergency treatment. Acute paraplegia (weakness or paralysis in the legs) is a particular emergency because acute compressive lesions of the cord are reversible. Hours of compression may result in irreversible damage. For this reason neurologic and neurosurgical consultation should be obtained promptly. EVALUATION The evaluation of an individual with an acute paraplegia is best performed with a differential diagnosis in mind. The major cause of paraplegia is spinal cord disease, and its differential diagnosis is shown in Table 1. Spinal cord disease with paraparesis (weakness) may be simulated by lesions in the parasagittal area of the brain, by muscle weakness in the legs (muscular dystrophy or polymyositis), and by conversion reaction. History In evaluating the patient with an "acute" paraplegia one must establish how acute is acute. An immediate total loss of function is almost always vascular.
Justice Upon Petition: The House of Lords and the Reformation of Justice 1621-1675

The 1620s - the remaking of a court - litigants and litigation, the causes of public discontent, the Lords' response - procedure and practice the Long Parliament - looking back - the general problem, conflicts over religion, raising revenue - Ship Money and Coat and Conduct Money, private property and personal liberty the Long Parliament (ii) - old problems in new cases - the legal system at large, special problems - Chancery, Wards and the Exchequer, arbitration the Long Parliament (iii) - the King's Council in Parliament - the decline of the Privy council, the abolition of the prerogative courts, maintaining the public peace the Long Parliament (iv) - the war years - division and disruption, the law betrayed - the demands of Civil war, the court under seige the court restored - the convention parliament - law and the politics and reconciliation, the Cavalier Parliament - at work and under fire.
Objects as enrichment: Effects of object exposure time and delay interval on object recognition memory of the domestic pig

A modified spontaneous object recognition test was used to examine object recognition memory in the domestic pig. This test uses preference for a novel object over a previously encountered sample object as indicating recognition of the sample object, and no preference as indicating no recognition. Two factors hypothesized to affect object recognition are duration of exposure to the sample stimulus and delay interval before re-exposure.Bothof thesefactorscouldbe manipulatedinarotationalobject enrichmentprogram for pigs. Reducing exposure time and increasing the delay interval before re-exposure should decrease object recognition and prolong novelty-induced object exploration. We exposed 5-week-old pigs to different sample objects in their home pens for 10 min and 2 days, respectively. We tested for object recognition memory at various delay intervals after initial exposure by placing littermate pairs in a test pen for 10 min and recording snout contactwith a sample objectand a completely novelobject. Ata 1-h delay,half thepairs were tested with the 2-day sample object; the other half received the 10-min sample object. At a 3-h delay, pairs were tested with the opposite sample object. Pairs were also tested with the 2-day sample at a 5-day delay and the 10-min sample at a 6-day delay. We predicted that pigs would show a preference for the novel versus the 2-day sample object at all three delays, but would only prefer the novel object over the 10-min sample object at the 1-h and 3-h delays. Pigs did not show novelty preference in the presence of the 10-min sample object atanydelay.Novelty preference in thepresence ofthe 2-day sampleobject occurred at the3-h (P < 0.05) and 5-day delays (P < 0.001), but not the 1-h delay. The lack of novelty preference when pigs were tested with the 10-min sample object may have been due to failure to habituate to the sample object. Testing in a different location from the initial sample object exposure and retroactive interference from exposure to the 10-min sample object may have contributed to a temporary lack of novelty preference when pigs were tested with the 2-day sample object at the 1-h delay. The finding that pigs retained a memory for
Use of Sildenafil for Female Sexual Dysfunction

Objective:To review the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and the literature regarding the use of sildenafil in its treatment.Data Sources:Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966—April 2006), Iowa Drug Information Service (1966—April 2006), EMBASE (1966—April 2006), and bibliographies of pertinent articles. Search terms included female sexual dysfunction; sexual dysfunction, psychological; phosphodiesterase inhibitors; and sildenafil.Data Synthesis:The lack of a clear understanding of FSD contributes to the limited treatment options available. Studies regarding the safety and efficacy of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil in the management of FSD were evaluated. Many trials have been of poor quality, making clinical application of their results difficult. The current literature does not show sildenafil to be an effective treatment option for FSD.Conclusions:Treatment of FSD should include both physical and psychological components. Based on the limited data available, it a...
THE EFFECTS OF FLOODING AND SEDIMENTATION ON SEED GERMINATION OF TWO BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD TREE SPECIES

Flooding and sedimentation are two of the dominant disturbances that influence tree species composition and succession in floodplain forests. The importance of these disturbances may be most notable during the germination and establishment phases of plant succession. Channelization of most alluvial systems in the southeastern United States has caused dramatic and systematic alterations to both hydrologic and sedimentation processes of floodplain systems. We determined the influence of these altered abiotic processes on the germination and growth of two common floodplain tree species: swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and overcup oak (Q. lyrata Walt.). Flood durations of 0 days, 15 days, and 30 days prior to germination was a factor in germination, but the effect varied by species. For instance, overcup oak, which has a higher tolerance to flooding than swamp chestnut oak, had higher germination rates in the flooded treatments (15-day -x = 78% and 30-day -x = 85%) compared to the non-flooded treatment (-x = 54%). In contrast, germination rates of swamp chestnut oak were negatively affected by the 30-day flood treatment. Sediment deposition rates of 2 cm of top soil, 2 cm of sand, and 8 cm of sand also affected germination, but were secondary to flood duration. The main effect of the sediment treatment in this experiment was a reduction in above-ground height of seedlings. Our study provides evidence for the importance of both flooding and sedimentation in determining tree species composition in floodplain systems, and that tolerance levels to such Stressors vary by species.
Prestressed Concrete Pavement Practices

Experimental work and actual construction of prestressed concrete airfield pavements has progressed on a limited scale since about 1946. This paper, by means of references, summarizes the developme...
A positive vision of sustainability

Growing population, increased urbanization, a growing global economy, and increased use of natural resources have created a demand for sustainability. Sustainability is an interdisciplinary field that requires collaboration from multiple perspectives. The planet’s resources are all being used at a ferocious pace. Energy is at the center of this issue; dependence on fossil fuels is causing extensive damage to ecosystems and public health and is a major cause of global climate change. The goal of a renewable resource-based economy is therefore important for the future, but rather than attacking the fossil fuel industry, it should be achieved through a positive vision of sustainability—one that includes the need to invest in basic and applied science of renewable energy in order to make renewables cheaper than fossil fuels. We will discuss the opportunities in sustainability-focused education and research that are needed for the transition to a renewable economy. We will also discuss the trend toward urbanization and the opportunities that exist in urban areas to close the cycle of production and consumption. Not only does most of the world’s population live in cities, but cities are paving the path toward a sustainable future. All of these factors contribute to a positive and creative vision of sustainability that focuses on building something new and clean rather than defeating something old and dirty.
Flight Activity of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Response to Feeding Damage and Accumulation of Waste

The effects of insect-damaged wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) kernels, frass, and uric acid on flight initiation by the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), reared in crowded and uncrowded cultures were determined. In all 3 treatments, beetles reared in uncrowded cultures had a significantly lower flight initiation rate than beetles reared in crowded cultures. Beetles reared in crowded cultures and exposed to insect-damaged wheat kernels had a significantly higher flight initiation rate than beetles exposed to whole or mechanically damaged wheat kernels. Although beetles in uncrowded cultures had a low flight response, the number of beetles initiating flight increased with exposure to increased concentrations of frass or uric acid. These results indicate that the high flight initiation rate of R. dominica reared in crowded cultures can be explained partially by greater insect-feeding damage and accumulation of waste in crowded compared with uncrowded cultures.
Chaotic motion of a shallow arch

In shallow arches, the phenomena of ";nap-through" instability is well established. In this paper, the effect of small external periodic excitation on the dynamic response of a shallow arch is examined. The stability and Sifurcations of the periodic motions near the stable equilibrium states of the shallow arch are examined l~sing the method of averaging. It is shown that as the amplitude and frequency of the excitation are varied, the nonlinear system can either undergo an unstable subcritical or stable supercritical bifurcation depending on the +?xcitation frequency. In addition, it is shown thit such a nonlinear system with three,d~mensions can exhibit chaotic oscillations. The method of Melnikov is used to determine the analytical results for the critical parameters at which the dynamicdl system possesses a horseshoe chaos. The results obtained by the Melnikov technique are compared to those obtained by numerical integration.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TICAGRELOR AS LONG-TERM SECONDARY PREVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been associated with heightened ischemic and bleeding risk. In PEGASUS-TIMI 54, a contemporary trial of pts with prior MI, we evaluated ischemic and bleeding risk by concomitant PAD and whether the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor was modified by PAD. PEGASUS
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Hydrophilicity of Physical Modification Cellulose Insulating Materials

In order to reveal the micro mechanism of anti-aging performance improvement in physical modification cellulose insulating materials,we established two models of the amorphous area of cellulose material before and after modification(with cellulose,water,melamine and dicyandiamide),respectively,and calculated the two models using molecular dynamics methods.System variations after the modifications were investigated from three aspects,namely,water diffusion coefficients,number of hydrogen bonding,and interaction energy.The three parameters were also adopted to figure out the reasons of differences in anti-aging properties between the two models.Simulation results indicate that the diffusion coefficient of physical modification systems is less than that of natural system,but owing to the inhibitor,the total number of hydrogen bond of modified systems exceeds that of natural system.As for the interaction energy with water molecules,inhibitor has the maximum value,while natural cellulose molecules has a smaller value and cellulose molecule of modified system has the minimum value.In existence of inhibitor,the interaction energy between cellulose molecules and water molecules decreases.
Using public health strategies to shape early childhood policy.

There is clear evidence that ensuring safe, stimulating, and nurturing caregiving environments for young children may be one of the most impactful health promotion strategies available, with lifelong and intergenerational benefits. Supports and interventions in the early years of life may in fact be the most effective way to improve school performance, increase high school graduation rates, job performance, and adult productivity. A public health approach to early childhood well-being, as opposed to the needs of children being addressed in multiple siloes, may be a more effective strategy that will lead to smarter investments and increasing financial commitments. Louisiana is used as a case study, with examples of strategies organized by the 3 core functions of public health. (PsycINFO Database Record.
Das F&E-Portfolio

Das Konzept des Geschaftsfeld-Portfolios als Basis zur Bestimmung der strategischen Optionen eines Unternehmens wurde in den 60er Jahren entwickelt und in den 70er Jahren in allen Industrielandern als eines der wichtigsten Steuerangsinstrumente bei der Restrukturierung von Unternehmen benutzt.
Finite Difference Boundary Condition Models

Purpose of Lesson To present and validate the finite difference boundary condition models for straight edges, curved edges, and convex and concave corners that enable plane stress problems of any configuration to be represented.
Reclaiming the Don: An Environmental History of Toronto’s Don River Valley

As urban resilience, sustainable development, and ecological design assume greater urgency as planning concerns, the potential for scholarly connections between environmental history and planning h...
Interannual Water-level Fluctuations and the Vegetation of Prairie Potholes: Potential Impacts of Climate Change

Mean water depth and range of interannual water-level fluctuations over wet-dry cycles in precipitation are major drivers of vegetation zone formation in North American prairie potholes. We used harmonic hydrological models, which require only mean interannual water depth and amplitude of water-level fluctuations over a wet–dry cycle, to examine how the vegetation zones in a pothole would respond to small changes in water depth and/or amplitude of water-level fluctuations. Field data from wetlands in Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and South Dakota were used to parameterize harmonic models for four pothole classes. Six scenarios in which small negative or positive changes in either mean water depth, amplitude of interannual fluctuations, or both, were modeled to predict if they would affect the number of zones in each wetland class. The results indicated that, in some cases, even small changes in mean water depth when coupled with a small change in amplitude of water-level fluctuations can shift a prairie pothole wetland from one class to another. Our results suggest that climate change could alter the relative proportion of different wetland classes in the prairie pothole region.
The birth of theory

With The Birth of Theory, Andrew Cole makes a significant contribution to the study of Hegelian philosophy and the place of both medievalism and dialectical thought in critical theory. The project ...
Gas Chromatographic-Thermal Energy Analysis Method for Determination of Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Baby Bottle Rubber Nipples: Collaborative Study

A collaborative study was conducted on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dichloromethane extraction method for determining volatile N-nitrosamines in baby bottle rubber nipples. Following dichloromethane extraction, N-nitrosamines were determined by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. Six pairs of blind duplicate rubber nipple samples representing 6 lots were analyzed by 11 collaborating laboratories. All samples were portions taken from equilibrated composites of cut-up rubber nipples obtained from manufacturers in the United States. Recoveries of the internal standard (N-nitrosodipropylamine) at approximately 20 ppb ranged from 10 to 120%. Reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDx) were between 35 and 45% for N-nitrosamine levels from 10 to 20 ppb. However, when data from laboratories with recoveries less than 75% were excluded (this is now specified in the method), RSDx values were between 11 and 32% for N-nitrosamine levels from 6 to 26 ppb. Values were consistent with or better than those reported for other analytical techniques designed to quantitate trace contaminants at the low ppb level, e.g., aflatoxin in foods. The method has been adopted official first action for the quantitation of volatile N-nitrosamines in baby bottle rubber nipples.
Numerical modeling of illumination and detection methods for light-sheet microscopy of optically clear biological tissues

We utilize a recently developed fractal propagation method for modeling and assessing the performance of various light-sheet microscopy illumination and collection methods for imaging optically clear human tissues. Our simulation framework opens new possibilities for the design and optimization of next-generation light-sheet microscopes.
Watersheds and Bays

As we saw in the previous chapter, a central goal of ecosystem management is to bridge divides—between individual sectors and between human and natural systems. This holistic approach could be particularly effective for watersheds: areas that defy artificial boundaries between land and sea, as well as people and nature. Because rivers flow to the ocean, carrying along pollutants from agriculture, industry, and other activities taking place on land, human actions in the watershed determine many of the conditions at the coast. So it seems logical to manage the watershed and coastal bays as a single unit. Unfortunately, administrative obstacles stand in the way. In this chapter, we will explore those obstacles, how watersheds have traditionally been managed, and how an ecosystem- based approach could improve management of connected landscapes and seascapes.
Muscle fields and response properties of primate corticomotoneuronal cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the evidence concerning the distribution of postspike facilitation (PSF) in different forelimb muscles and the response properties of these cells during controlled ramp-and-hold wrist movements. Analysis of precentral cell responses during active and passive movement has revealed two major sources of input, central and peripheral; however, the functional significance of this activity remains uncertain as long as its output destinations are unknown. This chapter investigates those precentral cortex cells whose output effects on the activity of motor units could be confirmed by cross-correlation techniques. Spike-triggered averages (STA's) of rectified EMG activity have revealed that action potentials of certain precentral neurons are followed by a transient postspike facilitation (PSF) of average motor unit activity. In monkeys alternately flexing and extending the wrist against elastic loads, cortico-motoneuronal (CM) cells were identified by characteristic post-spike facilitation (PSF) of averaged forelimb muscle activity. The mean latency of such PSF was 6.7 ± 2.9 msec. The “muscle field” of such CM cells, defined as the set of muscles exhibiting PSF, could include only one muscle (30% of cells) or two (29%) or more (41%).
Integrative Analytics for Detecting and Disrupting Transnational Interdependent Criminal Smuggling, Money, and Money-Laundering Networks

In this paper, we describe a framework that integrates descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics that aids detecting and disrupting a transnational criminal organization (TCO) operating as interdependent contraband smuggling, money, and money laundering networks. This type of TCO will smuggle contraband across the U.S. border, generate revenues from illegal sales within the U.S., and then use the money laundering network to send the money out of the U.S. Law enforcement may have partial information about the underlying social network of the TCO but this may be missing important, intentionally hidden connections between the criminals. The proposed framework predicts the missing links in the social network data and then algorithms are applied to the augmented data to detect the communities of the TCO. Each community serves a different role in the TCO and thus are necessary in modeling the operations of the organization. Once the communities are identified, we prescribe actions that allocate resources to disrupt the TCO operations optimally in terms of law enforcement criteria.
iLPS: Local Positioning System with Simultaneous Localization and Wireless Communication

This paper presents a novel RF local positioning system, iLPS, specifically designed for challenging indoor non-lineof-sight (NLOS) scenarios and/or urban canyons where global positioning systems (GPS) fail to reliably operate. iLPS enables decimeter-level localization of numerous tags concurrently with wireless communication using frequency-shifting active reflector anchors and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) waveforms. OFDMA signals are devised with carefully assigned subcarriers so that each tag can estimate the time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) by analyzing the channel impulse response (CIR) from the main and reflector anchors without interfering each other. The proposed active reflection scheme efficiently eliminates the stringent time synchronization requirement while providing the diversity gain for enhanced information decoding reliability at the tag. Significant challenges from NLOS multipaths and the usage of relatively narrow bandwidth of 80MHz in the ISM-band are successfully mitigated by machine learning assisted algorithms. Field trials with the prototype system on Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) confirm that iLPS can achieve decimeter-level accuracy localization and concurrent wireless communication over up to 100m distances.
Optimized Approach to Water Desalination and Solar Energy Power Production

The production approaches of energy and water are undeniably interconnected; optimizing these approaches promises to increase overall system efficiency and lower energy and freshwater production costs. This paper will demonstrate this solution by investigating a synergistic co-generation system developed to concurrently generate electricity and fresh water using a solar plant. The solar plant utilizes a parabolic trough solar concentrator to collect solar energy that is used to run a supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle and drive MSF desalination unit from wasted energy. A dynamic model of the proposed multi-stage system has been simulated, and the simulation results reveal that the proposed co-generation system is capable of generating a maximum of 27 MW power and 372 lit/s water mass flow rate exemplifying the efficiency advantages over the existing technologies.
Lamellodiscus spp. (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae) Infecting the Gill Lamellae of Porgies (Perciformes: Sparidae) in the Gulf of Mexico off Florida, U.S.A., with Descriptions of Lamellodiscus occiduus n. sp. and Lamellodiscus vesperus n. sp. from Calamus spp.

Three species (2 new) of Lamellodiscus (Diplectanidae) are reported from gill lamellae of porgies (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the Gulf of Mexico off Florida. Lamellodiscus occiduus n. sp. is described from the littlehead porgy Calamus proridens and knobbed porgy Calamus nodosus. Lamellodiscus vesperus n. sp. is described from the jolthead porgy Calamus bajonado. Lamellodiscus baeri is reported from the red porgy Pagrus pagrus. The new species of Lamellodiscus are the first of the genus to be described from the western Atlantic region (Gulf of Mexico). The Gulf of Mexico is a new locality record for L. baeri.
The Effectiveness of E‐Coaching in Rural Science Classrooms

The Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, with funding from the U.S. Department of Education through the National Center for Research on Rural Education conducted a randomized controlled trial with 119 rural middle and high school science teachers across 109 schools in Nebraska and Iowa to investigate the effects of technology-delivered instructional coaching (e-coaching) focused on guided scientific inquiry. CSI: Coaching Science Inquiry in Rural Schools examined the impact of professional development, consisting of a summer face-to-face institute and e-coaching during the following school year (treatment) versus no CSI-delivered professional development (control) on teacher classroom practice and student inquiry skills. The coaching was grounded in teachers’ day-to-day instruction and addressed their unique instructional needs. Use of low-cost technology also allowed rural teachers ongoing access to coaching in their home or school, without the need for teachers or coaches to travel. Project technology included video capture of classroom instruction using GoPro cameras, cloud computing to share large video files, and real-time videoconferencing to connect teachers with coaches located at the University of Nebraska—Lincoln. The chapter describes the technology utilized as well as research and evaluation findings.
Retinal Function in X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis.

Purpose To assess retinal function in young patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS), a disorder that is known to alter ERG postreceptor retinal components and also possibly photoreceptor components. Methods ERG responses to full-field stimuli were recorded under scotopic and photopic conditions in 12 XLRS patients aged 1 to 15 (median 8) years. A- and b-wave amplitudes and implicit times were examined over a range of stimulus intensities. Rod and cone photoreceptor (SROD, RROD, SCONE, RCONE) and rod-driven postreceptor (log σ, VMAX) response parameters were calculated from the a- and b-waves. Data from XLRS patients were evaluated for significant change with age. Results A- and b-wave amplitudes were smaller in XLRS patients compared with controls under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Saturated photoresponse amplitude (RROD), postreceptor b-wave (log σ), and saturated b-wave amplitude (VMAX) were significantly lower in XLRS patients than in controls; SROD did not differ between the two groups. SCONE and RCONE values were normal. In XLRS patients, neither a- and b-wave amplitudes nor calculated parameters (SROD, RROD, log σ, VMAX,SCONE, and RCONE) changed with age. Conclusions In these young XLRS patients, RROD and a-wave amplitudes were significantly smaller than in controls. Thus, in addition to XLRS causing postreceptor dysfunction, an effect of XLRS on rod photoreceptors cannot be ignored.
Acute cutaneous botryomycosis of the hands

Botryomycosis is a rare bacterial infection which is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It usually affects the skin but can also involve the viscera. The cutaneous form typically presents as ulcerated plaques or nodules that evolve over months to years to form discharging sinuses. As opposed to the norm for this uncommon infection, our case had a relatively acute presentation. A 44-year-old male with a history of relapsed mantle cell lymphoma, stem cell transplant and chronic graft versus host disease on immunosuppressive therapy presented with 2-3 week history of sores on his hands. Punch biopsy and subsequent pathological testing confirmed the diagnosis of botryomycosis. The patient was subsequently treated with clindamycin for 30 days and the lesions completely resolved. In this case report, we highlight the acute presentation of this relatively rare and usually chronic infectious disease.
Language Learning Difficulties Reported by Beginner-Level Learners of Arabic Using Online Tools

This study examined how two classes used online supplementary material to learn Arabic and the difficulties they reported in the process of their learning. The two classes have a total of 33 students who completed the course. The data from their weekly journal entries and log information from the site where the material was housed are used to describe the extent and the ways in which students used the material and issues they faced learning Arabic. Results show that students in both classes spent roughly 265 hours practicing Arabic with an average of 8 hours per student throughout the semester and that vocabulary recall and pronunciation were key struggles in their learning. Furthermore, this paper discusses some of the themes that emerged of students’ journal entries about their learning Arabic. Further implications are provided and discussed.
Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) in Hand Surgery: Does a One-Question Outcome Instrument Compare Favorably?

Purpose Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly used to measure patient status, impairments, and disability, but often require lengthy surveys and place a considerable burden on patients. We hypothesized that the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), composed of a single question, would be a valid and responsive instrument to provide a global assessment of hand function. Methods The SANE, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Upper Extremity (PROMIS-UE), and Quick–Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) data are routinely collected electronically in our hand and upper-extremity center. To identify our cohort, we used Current Procedural Terminology codes to query our electronic medical record research data repository for the 7 most common hand surgery procedures performed over 2 years from December 2016 to 2018. These procedures included carpal tunnel release, trigger finger release, thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty, wrist arthroscopy, distal radius fracture fixation, first dorsal compartment release, and cubital tunnel release. Patients undergoing a single isolated procedure with questionnaires obtained in the preoperative and/or postoperative period were included in the analysis. Convergent validity, coverage, and responsiveness for each instrument were assessed. Results We identified 214 patients for inclusion. The SANE score had a moderate to strong correlation with the QuickDASH and PROMIS-UE. Floor and ceiling effects for the SANE were less than 10% at baseline and follow-up. Overall, the QuickDASH was the most responsive, followed by SANE and PROMIS-UE; all 3 instruments exceeded the acceptable thresholds for responsiveness and demonstrated significant changes before to after surgery. Responsiveness of the SANE varied by procedure and was acceptable for carpal tunnel release, carpometacarpal arthroplasty, wrist arthroscopy, and trigger finger release. Conclusions The single-item SANE is a reasonable measure of global function in patients undergoing common hand procedures and demonstrates psychometric properties comparable to those of the PROMIS-UE and QuickDASH outcome scores. Clinical relevance The SANE score is a reasonable outcome measure of global hand function that may have utility in demonstrating response to treatment in a practice setting and may provide a useful adjunct to multiple-item measures in clinical research studies.
Editorial Commentary: “Loose Lips Sink Ships”–But What About “Loose Hips”?

Hip instability continues to be a challenge in hip preservation. Our understanding of the role of osseous anatomy, labral integrity and soft-tissue stabilizers has increased dramatically over the past several decades. Connective-tissue disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome pose a significant challenge to the management of instability in all joints but particularly in the hip. Ligamentum teres tears have been found to be more common than previously thought, although their significance is still not well understood. In patients with both Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and ligamentum teres tears, reconstruction and capsular plication result in moderate success, but not in all cases.
Surgical Release of a Dorsal Thoracic Arachnoid Web.

Dorsal arachnoid web (DAW) is a rare clinical entity with unknown etiology, and it can mimic other conditions on imaging. 1 , 2 We present a surgical video of a patient with DAW that was misdiagnosed as ventral cord herniation. A 35-year-old woman presented with upper back pain and progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and numbness for a few months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine (T) showed ventral cord displacement with a syrinx that extended from T2-4. The computed tomography myelogram showed no contrast anterior to the spinal cord. The patient underwent T3-5 laminectomy. Intraoperatively, we found a thoracic DAW and cord displacement with no herniation ( Video 1 ). We performed adhesiolysis to restore the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. On 4-month follow-up, the patient examination had demonstrated progressive improvement of her previous symptoms (weakness, numbness, and urinary retention), and the repeat MRI scan showed a significant reduction in the size of the syrinx. DAW can mimic other pathologies on preoperative imaging, such as ventral cord herniation and arachnoid cyst. The presence of “scalpel sign” and a syrinx on MRI with no arachnoid cyst on myelography support the diagnosis of DAW.
Remediation Through Transformation: Applying Educational Theory to the Struggling Resident.

The struggling medical resident is faced with many adaptive challenges that may require change in mindset. However, formal remediation within graduate medical education (GME) often employs overly structured technical solutions to address trainee deficiencies. These strategies may ultimately fail to result in sustained improvement. Transformative learning (TL) is an educational theory that has recently been explored as a teaching modality in health professions education. In 2013, Cranton published a three-part framework for TL. This framework, composed of the cognitive perspective, beyond rational TL, and TL for social change, has potential applications to GME remediation, specifically in helping individuals to overcome adaptive challenges. These strategies may be particularly useful within the traditionally difficult-to-remediate competencies of systems-based practice, practice-based learning and improvement, and professionalism. The authors provide a descriptive overview of each of Cranton’s perspectives, introducing concrete examples drawn from the medical literature. This article will contrast current remediation strategies with those using TL theory in order to assist graduate medical educators in applying these principles to the remediation of their own struggling residents.
Does Tiny-Scale Atomic Structure Exist in the Interstellar Medium?

We report on preliminary results from the recent multiepoch neutral hydrogen absorption measurements toward three pulsars, B0823+26, B1133+16, and B2016+28, using the Arecibo telescope. We do not find significant variations in optical depth profiles over periods of 0.3 and 9-10 yr or on spatial scales of 10-20 and 70-85 AU. The large number of nondetections of the tiny-scale atomic structure suggests that the AU-sized structure is not ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and could be quite a rare phenomenon.
Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Key Hydrothermal Alteration Minerals in Epithermal Au-Ag Systems: Utility and Implications for Mineral Exploration.

Raman spectroscopy of fine-grained hydrothermal alteration minerals, and phyllosilicates in particular, presents certain challenges. However, given the increasingly widespread recognition of field ...
Hypersonic Flow Around Bodies of Revolution

In a paper in this issue of the Aerospace Sciences, the relative importance of radiation and convection energy transfer is discussed in the case of stagnation flow at hypersonic speeds. Air emissivities are obtained from convenient tables, and radiation fluxes are illustrated for a wide range of altitude and velocities. I t is shown that convection dominates in ballistic trajectories and that radiation does in planetary probes, as has also been previously established. Finally, the validity of the physical model used (an adiabatic, optically thin shock layer in chemical equilibrium) is discussed at some length. The purpose of this note is to define more accurately one of the limitations discussed, on the basis of existing work.
The Structure of Harmony

The indiscreet burgeoning of the Palingenesie (from a twenty-five page essay at its conception into several distended volumes) is instructive; and especially so since, from the Meditations sur l’Univers forward, this same pressure is witnessed repeatedly, regardless of the subject on which a particular work is focused, to incorporate the entire corpus of ideas from natural history, psychology, physiology, cosmology, etc. True, the weighting of these different subjects, of their constituent ideas and problems, varies; or at least the space allotted to each varies according to the presumable nature of the work: now topics are cropped in one area as the price for development in another, now they are expanded again into a verdurous forest of complexities and question marks, all demanding more thought and further research in the future. But never is anything quite let go of, not even for the space of a single text. Never, it seems, is any subject developed without occasioning a silent juggling and jostling for place among the whole vast range of concerns with man and with nature, until the entire array of ideas is marched once more across clean pages under a new title, and in a new arrangement.
Buying misery with federal land

Historians have documented the misery endured by settlers in the American west during the homesteading era, which began officially with the Homestead Act of 1862.1 The suffering was enormous. Economic historians have shown some reasons why the frontier was pushed back too rapidly under the policy of 'giving' land at zero (money) price to the first people willing and able to settle the land and to work it for five years. In essence, competition among potential claimants of the land was not in the form of bidding with dollars, but bidding in earlier settlement instead. The fact that early settlement could cause settlers to spend capital the 'grubstake' needed for survival plus the initial capital needed to set up a farm years before markets were available for farm products or for the purchase of farm inputs as well as years of hard labor in circumstances wasteful to them as a group and to society as well, is not at all inconsistent with economic theory. Given some simplifying assumptions, the economic theory of rent seeking2 suggests that premature settlement, as a means of competition among land claimants, may have destroyed an amount of settlers' wealth equivalent to all the potential value embodied in the unsettled territory beyond the frontier. However, more recent work on theories of rent seeking and welfare economics indicates that heterogeneity among potential settlers could have reduced substantially the wealth destruction inherent in the homesteading policy of land distribution. If a particular parcel of land were much more valuable to one potential settler than to all the rest, the competition of others might not bid up the cost (in the form of early settlement) sufficiently to destroy an amount of wealth equal to the full value perceived in the parcel of land. This paper will seek to show that in fact, a different form of heterogeneity differing expectations about furure returns to ownership of each parcel of land probably caused the homesteading policy to destroy not less, but more wealth than was commonly believed to exist in the form of claims to land available for homesteading. In addition, the policy hurt exactly the people pi-
THE RISE OF EAST ASIA AND THE WITHERING AWAY OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM

History continually messes up the neat conceptual frameworks and the more or less elegant theoretical speculations with which we endeavor to understand the past and forecast the future of the world we live in. In recent years, two events stand out as eminently subversive of the intellectual landscape: the sudden demise of the USSR as one of the two main loci of world power and the gradual rise of East Asia to epicenter of world -scale processes of capital accumulation. Although each event has received more than its due of scholarly attention, it is their joint occurrence that has the most significant conceptual and theoretical implications.