cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double label autoradiography.

Abstract A method is described for double label autoradiography of thin-layer chromatograms. The method relies upon the ability to increase the sensitivity of 3H detection following treatment of the chromatography plate with a scintillation fluor without simultaneously increasing the sensitivity to 14C. At ratios of 3H to 14C radioactivity equal to 60 to 1, there is little or no spillover in the detection of these radioisotopes.
Design of a Moderate Speed-High Capacity Centrifugal Compressor With Application to PSA and VPSA Air Separation Processes

The performance of the PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) or VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption) cycle in an oxygen air separation process is significantly dependent upon the working capacity and working selectivity afforded by the adsorbent. These parameters in turn are dependent on the adsorption pressures employed in the VPSA cycle. Despite the increasing demand for increased capacity and pressure in VPSA air separation plants, they have conventionally used rotary-type positive displacement blowers as the process machinery. These blowers, while most adapted to the oscillating nature of the pressure swing cycles, have increasing high cost per capacity at higher capacities and become very inefficient as the cycle pressures are increased. A new low cost and more efficient process machinery solution is introduced through the use of a moderate speed direct coupled integrated feed and vacuum centrifugal compressor with inlet guide vanes to achieve high efficiencies during the varying operating conditions of the VPSA cycle. In this paper the fundamentals of a VPSA cycle as it applies to a centrifugal compressor operation is presented. A model of the design and predicted performance of a feed and vacuum VPSA centrifugal compressor is presented. A discussion of the proposed design in comparison to a conventional blower is presented. The model and predictions indeed show the superiority of the new design concept to the conventional process machinery equipment in terms of power savings and capacity increase. This new design however requires a feedback control system for the inlet guide vanes.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Review article: Aspects of the debate over strategic defences

Star Wars and European Defence. Edited by Hans Gunter Brauch. Macmillan, London, 1987. 599pp. including appendices and index. Hbk £45. SDI and Industrial Technology Policy. Walter Zegveld and Christien Enzing. Pinter, London, 1987. 177pp. including index. Hbk £18. Space Weapons and International Security. Edited by Bhupendra Jasani. OUP/SIPRI, Oxford, 1987. 366pp. including appendices and index. Hbk £32.50.
Determination of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in microsomal incubates using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

20-HETE is a potent, vasoconstrictive arachidonic acid metabolite with a limited number of published methods for quantitative assessment of microsomal formation rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of HPLC–MS (negative ESI) for quantitation of rat microsomal 20-HETE enzyme kinetics. Calibration curves were linear over 0.75–16 ng on-column (r2>0.996). The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were <15%. Microsomal 20-HETE revealed saturable (100 μM) kinetics (brain Km and Vmax: 39.9±6.0 μM and 8.7±0.6 pmol/min per mg; liver Km and Vmax: 23.5±3.2 μM and 775.5±39.8 pmol/min per mg; kidney Km and Vmax: 47.6±8.5 μM and 1933±151 pmol/min per mg). This paper demonstrates HPLC–MS as an efficient method for quantitating 20-HETE enzyme kinetics in microsomes from rat tissues.
High power second harmonic generation of 257 nm radiation in an external ring cavity

Abstract Continuous wave high power frequency doubling of a stabilized, single mode argon ion laser in a resonant external ring cavity is discussed and experimental results are presented. The second harmonic is generated in a Brewster cut ADP crystal which is 90° temperature phase matched. Greater than 80 millwattts of stable, usable radiation at 257 nm is generated. Successful operation of the ring cavity with an internal harmonic beamsplitter to extract the UV radiation is reported.
A comparison of schedule-induced attack in White King and White Carneaux pigeons

The following conditions were presented to 12 White King and 12 White Carneaux pigeons: a fixed-time (FT) 90-sec food schedule, no food, and a return to the FT schedule. Schedule-induced attack against a pictorial target was sustained throughout the experiment for 10 White Kings and 4 White Carneaux. These results are consistent with other studies using either White Kings or White Carneaux with a pictorial target and strongly support the conclusion that White King is the more aggressive strain.
Diversity Relationships Among Wild Potato Collections from Seven "Sky Island" Mountain Ranges in the Southwest USA

The authors collected samples of 97 populations of the wild potato S. stoloniferum (previously fendleri) in the following seven mountain ranges of the southwest USA over 7 years, 2004–2010: Chiricahua (CHI), Huachuca (HUA), Rincon (RIN), Guadalupe (GUA), Pinaleno (PIN), Santa Catalina (CAT), and Santa Rita (RIT). These and previous samples were compared with AFLP markers to determine which ranges have the most genetic richness. A total of 2,079 bands were polymorphic over all populations, and 1,256 were polymorphic among ranges. Of these 1,256 bands, 279 occurred in only one range (= unique). All mountain ranges had some unique bands, but not equally, as PIN with 30%, and CHI with 22% together accounted for over 50% of the unique bands in the seven ranges. An examination of populations within ranges showed that one localized area was the source of over 50% of the unique bands from PIN. This study demonstrates that DNA markers can identify collecting locations like PIN and CHI with particular genetic richness, and thus these locations have high priority for further sampling for the genebank. Similarly, these populations already present in the genebank could be prioritized for evaluation and preservation based on the relative number of unique bands they contribute from their range. The discovery of substantial new diversity in each range implies that other ranges not yet fully explored are likely to also contain novel valuable germplasm, and that collecting in the USA is not complete.
A phase II investigation of pentostatin in metastatic malignant melanoma.

While Pentostatin was well-tolerated in this study, the dose and schedule of drug administration were ineffective. Since this study basically involved patients that had not experienced prior systemic therapy, it is concluded that Pentostatin is ineffective in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.
Competition between generic and nongeneric fronts in envelope equations.

Arguments are presented for understanding the selection of the speed and the nature of the fronts that join stable and unstable states on the supercritical side of first-order phase transitions. It is suggested that from compact support, nonpositive-definite initial conditions, observable front behavior occurs only when the asymptotic spatial structure of a trajectory in the Galilean ordinary differential equation (ODE) corresponds to the most unstable temporal mode in the governing partial differential equation (PDE). This selection criterion distinguishes between a ``nonlinear'' front, which has its origin in the first-order nature of the bifurcation, and a ``linear'' front. The nonlinear front has special properties as a strongly heteroclinic trajectory in the ODE and as an integrable trajectory in the PDE. Many of the characteristics of the linear front are obtained from a steepest-descent linear analysis originally due to Kolmogorov, Petrovsky, and Piscounov [Bull. Univ. Moscow, Ser. Int., Sec. A 1, 1 (1937)]. Its connection with global stability arguments, and in particular with arguments based on a Lyapunov functional where it exists, is pursued. Finally, the point of view and results are compared and contrasted with those of van Saarloos [Phys. Rev. A 37, 211 (1988); 39, 6367 (1989)].
Aquatic metabolism of the communities associated with attached dead shoots of salt marsh plants1

Rates of respiration of the community associated with the attached dead shoots of Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus were highest during the warmer season except in midsummer when rates dropped. The rates for the Spartina community. were about twice those for Juncus. Within the S. alterniflora “dead plant community” high respiration rates were associated with low net DOC release rates.
Effects of physical guidance on short-term learning of walking on a narrow beam

Physical guidance is often used in rehabilitation when teaching patients to re-learn movements. However, the effects of guidance on motor learning of complex skills, such as walking balance, are not clear. We tested four groups of healthy subjects that practiced walking on a narrow (1.27 cm) or wide (2.5 cm) treadmill-mounted balance beam, with or without physical guidance. Assistance was given by springs attached to a hip belt that applied restoring forces towards beam center. Subjects were evaluated while walking unassisted before and after training by calculating the number of times subjects stepped off of the beam per minute of successful walking on the beam (Failures per Minute). Subjects in Unassisted groups had greater performance improvements in walking balance from pre to post compared to subjects in Assisted groups. During training, Unassisted groups had more Failures per Minute than Assisted groups. Performance improvements were smaller in Narrow Beam groups than in Wide Beam groups. The Unassisted-Wide and Assisted-Narrow groups had similar Failures per Minute during training, but the Unassisted-Wide group had much greater performance gains after training. These results suggest that physical assistance can hinder motor learning of walking balance, assistance appears less detrimental for more difficult tasks, and task-specific dynamics are important to learning independent of error experience.
Intratransform origins of mid-ocean ridge microplates

We present evidence that the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates originated by rift propagation from within transform fault zones at locations far from ridge-transform intersections. An intratransform spreading center may have served as the focal point for each new propagation. Both events appear coincident with a circum-Pacific plate reorganization dated at 5.6 Ma, which may have been related to a change in Pacific absolute plate motion and a counterclockwise rotation of Pacific-Nazca relative plate motion. This intratransform model may be applicable to the generation of other microplates and may thus serve as a general model for microplate origins.
The Relevance of Transformational Leadership to Nontraditional Accounting Services: Information Systems Assurance and Business Consulting

This paper examines whether supervisors in nontraditional accounting services (vs. supervisors in financial auditing and tax services) are more likely to acquire transformational leadership skills,...
Nanoparticles reduce nickel allergy by capturing metal ions

Approximately 10% of the population in the USA1,2 suffer from nickel allergy3,4,5, and many are unable to wear jewellery or handle coins and other objects that contain nickel6,7,8,9,10. Many agents have been developed to reduce the penetration of nickel through skin11,12, but few formulations are safe and effective13,14,15. Here, we show that applying a thin layer of glycerine emollient containing nanoparticles of either calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate on an isolated piece of pig skin (in vitro) and on the skin of mice (in vivo) prevents the penetration of nickel ions into the skin. The nanoparticles capture nickel ions by cation exchange, and remain on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be removed by simple washing with water. Approximately 11-fold fewer nanoparticles by mass are required to achieve the same efficacy as the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Using nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 500 nm in topical creams may be an effective way to limit the exposure to metal ions that can cause skin irritation. Applying an emollient containing calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate nanoparticles can reduce skin exposure to nickel ions that cause skin allergy.
Teaching Feminist Economics through Student-Written Diaries

Abstract As a heterodox, economics paradigm, feminist economics seeks to improve women’s economic status and reduce the androcentric bias in economics. Thus, teaching feminist economics involves teaching students different ways of analyzing social inequalities and how to access more emotionally connected aspects of human behavior. This article argues that using student-written ‘gender diaries’ serves as an important pedagogical device for teaching feminist economics, because diaries enable students to more fully consider social inequalities and critique the masculine-centered features of neoclassical economics. Furthermore, when the diary approach is used in tandem with traditional lectures, this may serve to challenge gendered pedagogical dualisms which pose lectures and diaries in gendered oppositions to one another rather than envisioning them as complementary human ways of teaching. A case-study is presented from a “Women in the Economy” course in which students kept a gender diary. An analysis of a s...
Determination of trace elements in sea weed samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract The determination of trace elements in sea weed samples by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been investigated. After determination of major and minor inorganic elements by ICP atomic emission spectrometry (AES), the internal standardization was evaluated as a correction method for matrix effects in ICP-MS. The results obtained by quadrupole (Q)-ICP-MS after acid digestion agreed well with certified, reference and reported values. The high resolution (HR)-ICP-MS technique was also applied to the determinations of V, Cr and Ni in order to remove the mass spectral overlapping caused by polyatomic ions. Alkali fusion was discussed as a digestion method for the determinations of Zr and Mo. The lanthanide patterns obtained by Leedy chondrite normalization showed smooth curves.
A and X-type zeolites synthesised from kaolinite at low temperature

Abstract A commercial Chinese well crystalline kaolinite (KCh) and a poorly crystalline kaolinite (KGa-2) from the Source Clay Repository of The Clay Minerals Society were used, after fusion with NaOH, to synthesise zeolite by hydrothermal activation. The experiments were performed at temperatures ranging from 25 to 60 °C, for 96 h, in distilled water. A large amount of X-type zeolite was crystallised from KCh at 25 °C whereas its crystallisation from KGa-2 starts at 35 °C. A-type zeolite is formed using both source materials and it is the only synthetic product detected at 25 °C. The presence of illite/mica and quartz in KCh determines the different behaviour of the two starting clay minerals.
Privacy in the age of terror

Providing security without threatening civil liberties requires a new model to protect individual privacy—one that relies less on prohibiting the collection and dissemination of private information and more on effective oversight and control of government activity.
Polymer nanocomposites using zinc aluminum and magnesium aluminum oleate layered double hydroxides: Effects of LDH divalent metals on dispersion, thermal, mechanical and fire performance in various polymers

Oleate-containing layered double hydroxides of zinc aluminum (ZnAl) and magnesium aluminum (MgAl) were used to prepare nanocomposites of polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate). The additives and/or their polymer composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing, and cone calorimetry. The unusual packing of the monounsaturated oleate anions in the gallery of these LDHs facilitates the dispersion of these nanomaterials. The inorganic LDH protects the polymer from thermal oxidation, shown by enhancement of the thermal and fire properties of the corresponding polymer nanocomposites. There is a qualitative difference in the morphology of the two LDHs in PE and PMMA. ZnAl is better dispersed in PE while MgAl is better dispersed in PMMA. The zinc-containing material led to a large reduction in the peak heat release rate in polyethylene, while the magnesium-containing material led to enhancement of the fire properties of the more polar poly(methyl methacrylate). These fire properties are consistent with the morphological differences. Neither of these LDHs shows efficacy with poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), which indicates a selective interaction between the LDH and the various polymers.
Human peripheral blood leukocyte-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient mouse : Analysis of the human immune response against porcine islet transplantation

Human peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL)-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (Hu-PBL-SCID) were used as a model to study xenograft rejection in humans. SCID mice were reconstituted with human PBL using a protocol that included a booster injection with anti-human CD3 antibody-primed cells. This protocol enhanced chimera establishment in SCID mice and resulted in the detection of higher levels of human Ig when compared with SCID mice receiving unprimed PBL alone. Human xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA), both IgM and IgG subtypes, which recognized porcine islets (PI), were detected in sera of Hu-PBL-SCID by cytofluorometric analysis. Pretreatment of porcine cells with GS-IB4 lectin inhibited the XNA binding, demonstrating the specificity of the XNA from Hu-PBL-SCID. Western blot analysis showed that XNA from normal human serum and Hu-PBL-SCID serum recognized similar xenoantigens on PI, indicating that Hu-PBL-SCID contained a XNA repertoire representative of normal human serum. Immunofluorescent staining of the tissue sections revealed that both human IgG and IgM bound in vivo to the PI engrafted beneath the kidney capsule of Hu-PBL-SCID. In addition, mouse complement (C3) was detected on xenografted PI. The function of xenografted islets were monitored by measuring porcine insulin concentration using a radioimmunoassay. Porcine insulin concentration in the sera of both Hu-PBL-SCID and plain SCID xenografted with PI was similar for up to 14 days after transplantation, after which the insulin levels in Hu-PBL-SCID decreased, thereby indicating rejection. Therefore, PI transplanted into the Hu-PBL-SCID should be a useful model for the study of cellular as well as acquired humoral immune response against xenoislets.
A cyclic breathing pattern in patients with poor left ventricular function and compensated heart failure: a mild form of Cheyne-Stokes respiration?

Abstract Objectives. This study was designed to evaluate the breathing patterns of patients with poor left ventricular systolic function and compensated d heart failure. Background. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is often found in patients with severe decompensated heart failure. Breathing patterns of patients with clinically moderate congestive heart failure have not been well described. Methods. Tidal volume, cxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory rate, minute ventilation and partial pressure of end-tidal oxygen and of end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured in 36 consecutive patients with an ejection fraction Results. Nine of the 36 patients demonstrated a cyclic breathing pattern, with a cycle length of 130 ± 82 s. At the peak of the cycle, minute ventilation was 16.7 ± 2.9 liters/mm, tidal volume was 582 ± 130 ml, end-tidal carbon dioxide was 25 ± 2.7 mm Hg and end-tidal oxygen was 121 ± 4.9 mm Hg. At the nadir of the cycle, minute ventilation was 9.5 ± 2.1 liters/mill, tidal volume was 372 ± 120 ml, end-tidal carbon dioxide was 35 mm Hg ± 2.1 and end-tidal oxygen was 101 ± 3.9 nun Hg. Respiratory rate was 27 ± 5.9 breaths/min at peak and 24 ± 5.1 breaths/min at nadir (p = NS). Patients with a cyclic respiratory pattern had a significantly lower ejection fraction (15 ± 5%) compared with patients without cyclic respirations (26 ± 8%; p Conclusions. A cyclic respiratory pattern occurs commonly in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. It is related to poor left ventricular systolic function and not related to clinical status or etiology of heart failure. The cyclic respiratory pattern found commonly in patients with compensated heart failure and very poor ventricular function (ejection fraction
Significance of limiting low pressure product yields from energetic atomic exchange reactions

Abstract The limiting low pressure yield behavior has been characterized for gas phase substitution reactions of energetic 3H and 18F atoms with aliphatic and alicyclic substances. The limiting yields correlate well with the respective critical energies for secondary unimolecular decomposition. The interpretation of this behavior leads to quantitative descriptions for the hydrogen-for-hydrogen and F-for-F primary product internal excitation energy distributions together with approximate descriptions of total energy disposal for the threshold hydrogen-for-hydrogen processes.
Optimization of Acidothermus cellulolyticus Endoglucanase (E1) Production in Transgenic Tobacco Plants by Transcriptional, Post-transcription and Post-translational Modification

An attempt was made to obtain a high-level production of intact Acidothermus cellulolyticus endoglucanase (E1) in transgenic tobacco plants. The E1 expression was examined under the control of the constitutive and strong Mac promoter or light-inducible tomato Rubisco small sub-unit (RbcS-3C) promoter with its original or Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) RNA4 5′-untranslated leader (UTL) and targeted to different sub-cellular compartments via transit peptides. The transit peptides included native E1, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, apoplast, and chloroplast. E1 expression and its stability in transgenic plants were determined via E1 activity, protein immunoblotting, and RNA gel-blotting analyses. Effects of sub-cellular compartments on E1 production and its stability were determined in transgenic tobacco plants carrying one of six transgene expression vectors, where the E1 was under the control of Mac promoter, mannopine synthase transcription terminator, and one of the five transit peptides. Transgenic tobacco plants with an apoplastic transit peptide had the highest average E1 activity and protein accumulation, which was about 0.25% of total leaf soluble proteins estimated via E1 specific activity and protein gel blots. Intercellular fluid analyses confirmed that E1 signal peptide functioned properly in tobacco cells to secret E1 protein into the apoplast. By replacing RbcS-3C UTL with AMV RNA4 UTL E1 production was enhanced more than twofold, while it was less effective than the mannopine synthase UTL. It was observed that RbcS-3C promoter was more favorable for E1 expression in transgenic plants than the Mac promoter. E1 activity in dried tobacco seeds stored one year at room temperature was 45% higher than that observed immediately after harvesting, suggesting that E1 protein can be stored at room temperature for a long period. E1 stability in different sub-cellular compartments and the optimal combination of promoter, 5′-UTL, and sub-cellular compartmentation for heterologous protein production in transgenic plants are discussed.
Study of coagulation factor activities in apheresed thawed fresh frozen plasma at 1–6°C for five days

The concern for the loss of activities of coagulation factors in thawed fresh frozen plasma kept at 1–6°C for long periods has prevented transfusion services from using thawed plasma beyond 24 hours of storage. There is no mention of the method of collection of the plasma and/or the study of the bacterial growth in the studies reported in the literature. The present project was undertaken to investigate coagulation factor activities and bacterial growth in apheresed fresh plasma. Twenty apheresed plasma units from different blood groups were used. After the 24-hour expiration time of the thawed plasma kept at 1–6°C, aliquots were taken at day 1, day 3, and day 5 of expiration time and were immediately frozen at −70°C. Samples were assayed for activities of coagulation factors II, V, VII, VIII, X, XI, and fibrinogen (Fib). Our study reveals no statistically significant change in activities of coagulation factors II, VII, X, XI, and fibrinogen from day 1 to day 5 storage of plasma at 1–6°C; however, there is a mean decrease of 8.8 and 14.3% in activities of factors V and VIII, respectively. All culture samples taken on day 5 storage were negative at 7 days. In conclusion, our results do not show a significant change in the activity of most coagulation factors in the thawed apheresis plasma stored at 1–6°C over a 5-day period. Hence, it is feasible to transfuse the plasma beyond the 24-hour period without compromising the clinical outcome of patients with coagulopathy. J. Clin. Apheresis 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Critical demicellization concentration as determined by kinetic dialysis

The sodium decanoate-perfluorooctanoate mixed micelle system was examined for the existence of a critical demicellization concentration. Using kinetic dialysis to follow the monomer concentration and hence the CMC of decanoate, a plot of CMC vs mole fraction was constructed. A single point exists at which the micelles of decanoate disappear at about a 1:1 ratio of perfluoro to hydrocarbon surfactant.
Restorative Integral Support (RIS) for Older Adults Experiencing Co-Occurring Disorders:

The Restorative Integral Support (RIS) model is a whole person response that assists people to overcome adversity. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows the association between stressors in childhood and multiple later-life health and social problems. Older adults experiencing co-occurring disorders are an under-served and vulnerable population where gaps in both practice models and research to inform effective service provision exist. The current empirical case study presents Senior Hope as one social service agency employing RIS to intervene on the linkage between ACEs and co-occurring disorders to assist older adults. RIS usefully articulates the way in which Senior Hope is developing ACE-informed programs that mobilize resilience and recovery to help older adults achieve positive mental health outcomes. Implementation and research on the RIS model is recommended to enhance services for groups with ACE chara...
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome). An updated review

BACKGROUND Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) dates to Aldred Warthin's description of Family G a century ago. The phenotype features an excess of early onset colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with a propensity to involve the proximal colon, and a variety of extracolonic cancers, particularly carcinoma of the endometrium, ovary, stomach, small bowel, ureter, and renal pelvis. The recent discovery that HNPCC patients carry germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes has engendered great interest in the syndrome. METHODS This is a description of HNPCC based on the authors' experience with more than 170 families and a review of the world literature. RESULTS This review describes the genotypic and phenotypic features of HNPCC. The distinctive natural history of the syndrome is discussed in light of the recent discovery that ineffective DNA mismatch repair is the principal abnormality in affected individuals. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and molecular genetic knowledge about HNPCC is now available to physicians, and should enable them to provide highly targeted surveillance and management for patients with a high cancer risk. Genetic counseling can prove lifesaving. The study of HNPCC will likely contribute to knowledge about the causes and control of common forms of cancer in the general population. Cancer 1997;78:1149-67.
Induction of peroxisome proliferation in cultured hepatocytes by a series of halogenated acetates.

Abstract Trichloroacetate (TCA) and dichloroacetate (DCA) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites of the environmental pollutant trichloroethylene (TCE) and are common water contaminants. Induction of peroxisome proliferation via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been proposed as a mechanism for their hepatocarcinogenic action. However, it is unclear whether these compounds are direct ligands of PPARα or whether activation occurs by a ligand-independent process. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether a primary rat hepatocyte model system could be used to examine structure–activity relationships of haloacetates for the induction of peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation. The haloacetates tested differed in both type (iodo, bromo, chloro and fluoro) and extent (mono, di and tri) substitution. Significant differences were observed in both potency and efficacy. Potency varied over about two orders of magnitude, in the order of mono > di = tri. Within the monohalo-substituted series, the order of potency was iodo > bromo > chloro, with the fluoro analog being essentially inactive. The monoiodo- and monobromo-derivatives showed significant induction at 50 and 100 μM, respectively, but cytotoxicity precluded obtaining full concentration–response curves. The dihalo- and trihalo-acetates had generally similar potency, and, with the exception of the diflouro- and dibromoacetates, showed a maximal induction of two- to three-fold. Difluoroacetate and dibromoacetate induced palmitoyl-CoA oxidation by nine- and six-fold, respectively, approaching the effectiveness of Wy-14,643 (50 μM) in this system. Of interest, the slopes of the concentration-dependence lines of the difluoro- and dibromo-acetates were markedly dissimilar from the other di- and tri-haloacetates, suggesting either a marked difference in the way they activate the PPARα receptor or a substantial difference in the way they are metabolized or transported by the hepatocytes.
Population forecasting and planning: Some philosophical issues

The preceding article by Isserman and Fisher is considered with regard to the question of active versus passive population forecasting and planning. The reasons are examined for the difference between my position, as outlined in my article earlier in this issue, and that of Isserman and Fisher.
Defluorination of Perfluoropropene Using Cp*2ZrH2 and Cp*2ZrHF: A Mechanism Investigation from a Joint Experimental−Theoretical Perspective

Cp*(2)ZrH(2) (1) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) reacts with perfluoropropene (2) to give Cp*(2)ZrHF (3) and hydrodefluorinated products under very mild conditions. Initial C-F bond activation occurs selectively at the vinylic terminal position of the olefin to exchange fluorine for hydrogen. Subsequent hydrodefluorination leads to the formation of the n-propylhydride complex Cp*(2)ZrH(CH(2)CH(2)CH(3)), which can be cleaved with dihydrogen to give propane and 1. A theoretical study of the reaction of Cp*(2)ZrH(2) (Cp* = cyclopentadienyl) and CF(2)[double bond]CF(CF(3)) has been undertaken. Several mechanisms have been examined in detail using DFT(B3PW91) calculations and are discussed for this H/F exchange: (a) internal olefin insertion/beta-fluoride elimination, (b) external olefin insertion/beta-fluoride elimination, and (c) F/H metathesis from either an inside or outside approach. Of these, the first case is found to be energetically preferred. Selective defluorination at the terminal carbon has been shown to be favored over defluorination at the substituted and allylic carbons.
High-peak-power, pulsed CO 2 laser light delivery by hollow glass waveguides

Flexible hollow glass waveguides with internal metallic and dielectric coatings have been used to deliver high-peak-power transversely excited atmosphere CO2 laser energy. The straight guide loss is as low as 0.17 dB/m for 1000-µm-bore guides and 0.46 dB/m for 530-µm-bore guides propagating the HE11 mode. The loss increases to 0.93 and 1.36 dB/m, respectively, when guides are bent to a radius of 0.25 m. The hollow glass waveguides have been used to deliver pulsed CO2 laser energy successfully with a peak power of 0.7 MW and an energy of 350 mJ per pulse with a gas purge through the hollow core. The delivered average power is as high as 27 W. It is concluded that these waveguides are promising candidates for pulsed CO2 laser delivery in medical and surgical applications.
Thin film galvanic cell IR scene generator

ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to validate the IR scene generation concept using a thin film galvanic cell based ona phenomenon in which silver ions are electrically injected into a thin film to modulate the transmission of JR radiationthrough the film. By fabricating a two-dimensional array of the thin film galvanic cells and electrically addressing them,an JR scene may be simulated.1. INTRODUCTIONThose who work in hardware simulation find an increasing need for the accurate generation of thermal JR images.The scenes of most interest are in the 8 to 12 ttm wavelength band where current scene generation technology is weakest.These scenes typically span a temperature range of only a few degrees, with an average temperature in the range of -20°to 40°C. This results in a low contrast image with only small differences between hot and cold regions. To simulate sucha scene, precise control of JR intensity is required for all components of the image. A two-temperature scale representingonly hot and cold is inadequate, as this cannot reproduce the subtle differences in intensity and contrast. Instead, whatis highly desirable is a continuous gray scale in IR intensity. The ideal scene generator should be capable of achieving sucha gray scale in the 8 to 12 1ttm band with two additional attributes: (1) high angular resolution (< 1 mrad) so that imagedetail is preserved and (2) fast response time so that rapidly changing scenes may be depicted. Unfortunately, currenttechnologies have failed to provide such capabilities.This paper describes an effort to address this problem with the thin film galvanic cell device (GCD) developed atITT Research Institute (JITRI). The GCD technology is based on ionic conduction and has many potential applications.In this case the GCD behaves as an electrically controllable transmittance window in the 8 to 12 m wavelength range.The transmittance (T) of the device is a function of the applied voltage and can be accurately varied over a wide range,0.001 <
Sex roles in East Asian magazine advertising

This study looked at 3,016 models in 1,972 ads from 12 women's, men's and general-interest magazines. A majority of models in the Japanese, Chinese and Korean ads were female. Most women and men were NOT shown in occupational roles; of those that were, men prevailed over women in the 'high-level business' and 'professional' categories by about 2 to 1. The products most strongly associated with women were cosmetics (Japan) and clothes (Korea and Hong Kong). Men were most strongly associated with clothes (Hong Kong and Korea) and entertainment/ information (Japan). Although Asian culture accords respect to the elderly, almost no Asian women over 50 appeared in the ads studied.
Measurements of magneto-elastic constants by microwave techniques†

Theory and experimental results are given for the measurement of the magnoto-elastic coupling constant, b, using low-level, propagating microwave signals in pure and substituted yttrium iron garnet. Techniques discussed are acoustic Faraday rotation, using pulse echoes and optical Bragg diffraction; adiabatic frequency conversion by field pulsing; and differential time delay. Particular attention is devoted to experimentally approximating uniform internal field profiles in the ferrimagnetic Samples under investigation. Experimental results'obtained by the techniques of Faraday rotation and adiabatic frequency conversion are as follows:[100] YIG,
The effect of artifact of human observational performance

The human observer functions as the signal detector in many systems and is frequently subjected to distractions, including artifacts, that can affect identification of important events. In this study subjects were shown moving strip charts containing a background signal and target patterns for identification. On one strip there was randomly located artifact. The results show a statistically significant difference between average performance in the two cases as well as between individual observers. These results have implications with respect to the design and use of monitoring equipment. >
Representations of the optimal filter in the context of nonlinear filtering of random fields with fractional noise

The problem of nonlinear filtering of multiparameter random fields, observed in the presence of a long-range dependent spatial noise, is considered. When the observation noise is modelled by a persistent fractional Wiener sheet, several pathwise representations of the optimal filter are derived. The representations involve series of multiple stochastic integrals of different types and are particularly important since the evolution equations, satisfied by the best mean-square estimate of the signal random field, have a complicated analytical structure and fail to be proper (measure-valued) stochastic partial differential equations. Several of the above optimal filter representations involve a new family of strong martingale transforms associated to the multiparameter fractional Brownian sheet; the latter martingale family is of independent interest in fractional stochastic calculus of multiparameter random fields.
The motion of magnetic field lines.

Motion of magnetic lines of force including analysis of fluids with finite high conductivity
Risk of suicide in mood disorders

Abstract Suicide is commonly associated with mood disorders. Risk factors for suicide in mood disorders can be organized according to whether their effect is on the threshold or diathesis for suicidal acts or whether they serve mainly as triggers or precipitants of suicidal acts. Predisposition to suicidal behavior or diathesis is a key element that helps to differentiate patients who are at high risk versus those at lower risk. The objective severity of mood disorders does not identify depressed patients at high risk for suicide attempt. There is a lack of agreement over the suicide risk associated with characteristics of depression such as psychotic features, agitation, or anxiety, or mixed mood states as part of bipolar disorder. Risk factors affecting the diathesis for suicidal behavior include family history of suicide, low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, alcohol and/or substance abuse, cluster B personality disorder, high past impulsivity and aggression, chronic physical illness particularly involving the brain, marital isolation, parental loss before age 11, childhood history of physical and sexual abuse, hopelessness, and not living with a child under age 18. Most common precipitants of suicidal acts in mood disorders include interpersonal losses or conflicts, financial trouble, and job problems. Identification of high risk patients and effective treatment are required for suicide prevention to reduce morbidity and mortality in affective disorders.
Semisupervised learning from different information sources

This paper studies the use of a semisupervised learning algorithm from different information sources. We first offer a theoretical explanation as to why minimising the disagreement between individual models could lead to the performance improvement. Based on the observation, this paper proposes a semisupervised learning approach that attempts to minimise this disagreement by employing a co-updating method and making use of both labeled and unlabeled data. Three experiments to test the effectiveness of the approach are presented in this paper: (i) webpage classification from both content and hyperlinks; (ii) functional classification of gene using gene expression data and phylogenetic data and (iii) machine self-maintaining from both sensory and image data. The results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach and suggest its application potentials.
Nitric oxide administration using an oxygen hood: a pilot trial.

Background We have shown earlier that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) administered by oxygen hood reduces pulmonary hypertension in an animal model (J Perinatol 2002; 22:50-6). Our objective in this study was to determine feasibility of iNO by oxygen hood in neonates with elevated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients (A-aDO2).
Phylogenetic relationship of Batrachospermum species (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from coastal streams in French Guiana

Abstract Eighteen samples of eight Batrachospermum species from collections in French Guiana, South America, were analysed utilizing RUBISCO large subunit (rbcL) gene sequence data in order to assess phylogenetic placement and evaluate intra-specific sequence variation among continents. Five species, B. ambiguum (two samples), B. gracillimum, B. guyanense, B. intortum and B. nodiflorum (two samples), belong to section Contorta. Section Aristata was represented by B. macrosporum (six samples) and B. cayennense (three samples) and Section Turfosa by B. turfosum (two samples). Maximum parsimony, distance, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses produced phylogenetic trees with similar topologies. The species from section Contorta were in a well-supported clade with previously sequenced taxa of that section. However, the subsectional classification sometimes applied to this section was not supported by the molecular data. Samples of B. macrosporum and B. cayennense were sister to each other, but they were on...
Thinness expectations and weight cycling in a sample of middle-aged adults

Background The False Hope Syndrome suggests that unrealistic expectations of dieting and weight loss are key constructs in the prediction of behavioral failure and may exacerbate weight cycling. The objective of this study was to determine cross-sectional associations among dieting and thinness expectations and weight cycling history within the framework of the False Hope Syndrome.
Lectin histochemistry of human placenta

The human placenta was studied histochemically using 23 fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. Distinct patterns of staining, as well as some differences between first-trimester and term placenta, were discerned. Eleven lectins (HPA, VVA, BPA, HAA, SBA, PNA, GSA-I, MPA, RCA-I, RCA-II, and UEA-I) did not react with the trophoblast. Two lectins (LCA and PEA) reacted with the trophoblast of first-trimester placenta but not with the trophoblast of third-trimester placenta. The remaining ten lectins (ConA, Suc.ConA, WGA, GSA-II, LAA, STA, DBA, LBA, PHA-E, and PHA-L) reacted with the trophoblast of both first- and third-trimester placenta, and two of these lectins (ConA and Suc.ConA) reacted preferentially with the syncytiotrophoblast. Five lectins (LAA, STA, DBA, GSA-II, and LBA) reacted with nuclei of the cytotrophoblast. The nuclei of some stromal and syncytiotrophoblastic cells were also reactive. Eighteen lectins reacted with the trophoblastic basement membrane, and all reacted with Hofbauer cells and the stroma of the villi. Lectin binding was influenced by the mode of fixation and tissue processing. These data show that some lectins can be used to identify components of the placental villi (e.g., basement, membrane) to characterize differences between the first- and third-trimester trophoblast, and to distinguish the cytotrophoblast from the syncytiotrophoblast.
Weapons modernization, doctrine, and the decline of the Warsaw pact

As the Soviet Union moves precariously into the 1990s, the attention of Western statesmen and analysts remains fixed upon Mikhail Gorbachev's efforts to implement perestroika and glasnost at home and his still ambiguously defined "new thinking" abroad. Whether the topic is arms control negotiations with the West, the introduction of elements of pluralism into the long moribund Soviet political scene, or the abrupt withdrawal of Soviet power from forward vantage points in the Third World (i.e. Afghanistan), few Western observers any longer doubt that a fundamental transformation has taken place in the Soviet system. Indeed, as Western scholars increasingly acknowledge the significance of the Gorbachev revolution, it has also become apparent that the particular region most heavily influenced by this reform program has been the USSR's former East European empire. The implications of change have been most dramatic for Eastern Europe precisely because events have been propelled by both of the key elements in the Gorbachev program—the Soviet leader not only pushed glasnost and perestroika upon his East European allies (with what were probably unforeseen results), but the ultimate test of "new thinking" in the foreign policy realm has been the tolerant Soviet response to the collapse of Communist Party authority throughout the bloc. In this sense the movement toward liberal reform in Eastern Europe was both initiated and insulated by the dynamics of Gorbachev's own domestic and foreign reform programs. The apparent Soviet willingness to accept a reunified Germany on Western terms represents, of course, the ultimate Soviet concession along these lines. While the prospects for a peaceable transition away from communism for Eastern Europe may not be decided for some time, one more certain by-product of these developments has been the collapse of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) as a viable security system. As the institutional linchpin of the Soviet-East European relationship, the Warsaw Pact could hardly have been expected to remain unaffected by the dramatic changes sweeping bloc affairs. In many respects, the high level of Soviet-East European military integration fostered over the
The identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear

A study has been made of the identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear. The methyl esters of the fatty acids from the fat were prepared and fractionated through a Stedman Column. Myristie, palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids were identified by the melting points of the p-bromophenacyl ester of the saturated acids and the hydroxy and bromine addition compounds of the unsaturated acids.
HABIT-SPECIFIC LOCUS OF CONTROL SCALES FOR DRINKING, SMOKING, AND EATING

The internal consistencies of three habit-specific locus of control scales measuring drinking, smoking, and eating behavior were evaluated using coefficient alpha. The three scales, along with Rotter's 1-E scale, were administered to 202 undergraduate students. Estimates indicated the scales showed reasonably high internal consistency. Scores on the smoking and drinking scales had the lowest correlations with scores on Rotter's generalized measure. Mean drinking scale scores were lower than those for smoking and eating, suggesting that people judge drinking to be under more personal control. The implications of habit-specific expectancies, particularly with regard to habit disorders, are discussed.