cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuro-oncology family caregivers are at risk for systemic inflammation

Prolonged periods of family caregiving can induce stress levels that may negatively influence caregiver health. However, the physiologic effect of psychological distress in oncology family caregivers has received little attention. Therefore we aimed to determine longitudinal profiles of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1ra) in neuro-oncology caregivers and identify associations between psychological distress and cytokine levels. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, caregiver burden and blood were collected from 108 adult caregivers at adult patients' diagnosis, 4-, 8-, and 12-months. Trajectory analyses of log transformed cytokine levels were performed. Multiple logistic regression analyses evaluated the impact of psychological distress on cytokine levels. For both cytokines, two distinct populations were identified, neither of which changed over time. High IL-1ra was associated with male caregivers with anxiety (OR = 1.7; 95 %CI 1.06-2.83) and obese caregivers (BMI = 40) who felt burdened due to disrupted schedules (OR = 1.3; 95 %CI 1.02-1.77). Conversely, caregivers with a healthy weight (BMI = 25) who felt burdened due to disrupted schedules were less likely to have high IL-1ra (OR = 0.71; 95 %CI 0.54-0.92). Caregivers ≤30 years old with lower self-esteem from caregiving were 1.16 times (95 %CI 1.04-1.30) more likely to have high IL-6. Analysis demonstrated groups of family caregivers with high and low levels of systemic inflammation and these levels did not change longitudinally over the care trajectory. Poor physical health in family caregivers may have a negative impact on the burden placed on the healthcare system in general and on the well-being of neuro-oncology patients in particular.
Eros and Touch from a Pagan Perspective: Divided for Love’s Sake

In Eros and Touch from a Pagan Perspective, Pagan scholar Christine Hoff Kraemer proposes a theology and ethical system rooted in the experience of erotic pleasure. How does the experience of the e...
Primary vs. revision ankle arthrodesis: Comparison of fusion and complication rates

Category:Ankle ArthritisIntroduction/Purpose:The current standard treatment for failed ankle arthrodesis is a revision ankle arthrodesis. However, there is limited literature addressing postoperati...
Molecular mechanism of two noncompetitive inhibitors of Na(+)-glucose cotransporter: comparison of DCCD and PCMB.

The effects of noncompetitive inhibitors of Na(+)-dependent glucose uptake, p-chloromercuribenzoate N,N9-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), on substrate-induced cotransporter conformational changes were examined using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and tryptophan fluorescence. p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) inhibited both substrate-induced conformational changes with similar concentration required for 50% quenching/enhancement of tryptophan or FITC fluorescence. In contrast, DCCD inhibited the Na(+)-induced conformational change with an apparent concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (K0.5) of 18 microM and the glucose-induced conformational change with an apparent K0.5 of 5 microM. DCCD slightly increased the apparent K0.5 for the Na+ concentration required for Na(+)-induced conformational change. DCCD and PCMB altered tryptophan accessibility to quench reagents in all three conformations. Tryptophan residues on the PCMB-treated cotransporter were more Cs+ than I- sensitive in contrast to the unlabeled cotransporter. The PCMB-treated cotransporter had a reduced response to Na+, suggesting that the mode of PCMB inactivation of cotransporter activity resulted from conformational changes in the substrate-free cotransporter. DCCD had a smaller effect on cotransporter tryptophan quench reagent susceptibility. However, DCCD-labeled cotransporter was equally accessible to I- and Cs+, and the DCCD-labeled cotransporter did not respond to substrates. Loss of charge distribution around cotransporter tryptophans correlated with loss of substrate-induced conformational changes.
Compressive Phase-space Imaging for 3D Neural Activity Tracking

This talk will describe new computational methods for 3D imaging in scattering media using phase space (e.g. light field) datasets and sparsity-contrained atomic norm algorithms. Experimentally, we use optogenetic tags to achieve real-time 3D neural activity tracking with high resolution across a large volume. Article not available.
Enhancing the energy conservation benefits of shade trees in dense residential developments using an alternative tree placement strategy

Abstract Modern residential land development has trended toward densification, resulting in limited space to plant shade trees. As a result, shade trees are often planted in sub-optimal locations around homes for energy conservation benefits. Using a simulation program called EnergyPlus, we examined the effects of existing trees on energy consumption of recently constructed homes in three U.S. cities with distinctly different climates: Metro Minneapolis, MN, Charlotte, NC, and Metro Orlando, FL. We used remote sensing to identify placement of existing trees around homes, revealing that there were 1.5 to 2.9 trees within 15 m of the homes on average. When modeled as large-stature deciduous trees in the simulator, existing trees provided average annual energy savings per parcel of 14 kWh (MN), 25 kWh (NC), and 44 kWh (FL). We then tested an alternative tree placement strategy that spatially reconfigured the existing trees, based on parcel orientation, to both minimize space conflicts and maximize energy savings. This alternative strategy optimized the placement of over 70% of the existing trees and significantly improved annual energy savings per parcel to 57 kWh (MN), 47 kWh (NC), and 103 kWh (FL). In Metro Orlando, the impact of optimization on annual energy savings across our sampling frame was 574,000 kWh. Although our alternative strategy was no more effective than the conventional strategy (always plant a shade tree on the west aspect). It is more responsive to space constraints and therefore can guide developers and homeowners more practically toward optimal tree placement for energy conservation.
FST and kinship for arbitrary population structures I: Generalized definitions

F ST is a fundamental measure of genetic differentiation and population structure currently defined for subdivided populations. F ST in practice typically assumes the "island model", where subpopulations have evolved independently from their last common ancestral population. In this work, we generalize the F ST definition to arbitrary population structures, where individuals may be related in arbitrary ways. Our definitions are built on identity-by-descent (IBD) probabilities that relate individuals through inbreeding and kinship coefficients. We generalize F ST as the mean inbreeding coefficient of the individuals9 local populations relative to their last common ancestral population. This F ST naturally yields a useful pairwise F ST between individuals. We show that our generalized definition agrees with Wright9s original and the island model definitions as special cases. We define a novel coancestry model based on "individual-specific allele frequencies" and prove that its parameters correspond to probabilistic kinship coefficients. Lastly, we study and extend the Pritchard-Stephens-Donnelly admixture model in the context of our coancestry model and calculate its F ST . Our probabilistic framework provides a theoretical foundation that extends F ST in terms of inbreeding and kinship coefficients to arbitrary population structures.
Solution of BVPs in electrodynamics by stochastic methods

Field computation by the stochastic differential equation (SDE) method is demonstrated for electrostatic and electrodynamic propagation problems by considering simple examples. The solution to the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation is first related to that a Schrodinger type of equation (parabolic in nature) by means of Laplace transformation. The SDE method is directly applied to this parabolic equation. Presence of the imaginary term in the parabolic equation warrants analytic continuation into the complex space that is addressed in this paper.
Variation in Subjective Aging by Sexual Minority Status.

The past few decades have seen increased scholarly attention to gay and lesbian individuals' aging experiences; however, few studies examine differences in subjective aging by sexual minority statu...
Checkpoint Blockade and Combinatorial Immunotherapies

The mammalian adaptive immune system is capable of rapid targeted destruction of a multitude of pathogens. Specificity is endowed by the somatic generation of an extensive repertoire of T cell receptors (TCRs) and B cell antibodies/receptors, each exhibiting relatively small segments of highly variable sequence. However, a degree of cross-reactivity or promiscuity is perhaps a necessary feature of a system that must respond quickly to such a vast number of environmental antigenic challenges. Indeed, the clone size of peripheral CD8 T cells appears to be correlated with TCR promiscuity [1]. This feature broadens response capacity and theoretically increases the tempo of primary responses, but simultaneously heightens the risk of autoimmunity. The thymic positive selection model predicts that sub-threshold recognition of self antigens is an essential requirement for the generation and survival of both naive and memory T cells, ultimately generating a system that is permissive to the persistence of autoreactive T cells of relatively low affinity following central tolerance induction. Inappropriate activation or targeting of the immune system would at the very least represent a biologically expensive waste of resource, but can also result in destruction of host tissues resulting in an array of autoimmune disorders. Hence it is no surprise that the promotion of protective immunity against pathogenic organisms or neoplastic cell growth and prevention of the emergence of autoreactive clonal populations are highly regulated processes.
Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma with intravascular growth pattern and intra-tumoural endometrial glands and stroma: A case report

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma (CDL) is a rare variant of leiomyoma which shows a dissecting growth pattern of smooth muscle cells within the myometrium, with or without extra-uterine extension, and a macroscopic appearance resembling placenta. We present a unique case of CDL with both intravascular growth and presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the tumour. A 35-year-old female patient presented with menorrhagia. Ultrasound examination revealed a bulky anteverted uterus with a prolapsed submucosal leiomyoma and an intramural leiomyoma. In the interest of preserving fertility, she underwent myomectomy together with laparoscopic resections of the uterine wall deposit and myometrial tissue. The tumour was soft and pink, with a resemblance to placental tissue, and histology demonstrated nodules of neoplastic smooth muscle cells with areas of oedema and myxoid change dissecting into the surrounding myometrial tissue, which is consistent with the features of CDL. Also seen were non-neoplastic endometrial glands cuffed by stroma located within the smooth muscle tumour as well as in the non-neoplastic myometrium. There were foci of intravascular luminal growth confirmed by positive CD31 immunohistochemical staining of the endothelial cells lining the vascular lumina. The present case demonstrates that CDLs may have a unique histological appearance resembling adenomyoma and an intravascular growth pattern. It is important for pathologists, gynaecologists and radiologists to recognize such smooth muscle tumour variants and hence prevent misdiagnosis of malignancy and overtreatment.
P-Q curve based voltage stability analysis considering wind power

Power grid expansion, load demand increase, and renewable energy integration all present severe challenges to the grid operations. As transmission networks become increasingly stressed, research on voltage stability analysis (VSA) has attracted widespread attentions. Voltage instability usually occurs within a short period, which makes it difficult to be detected. To assess the stability margin, P-V curve method has been widely used for years. However, this approach is only effective when the load power factor or reactive power load does not change. To overcome this weakness, P-Q curve method can be applied to analyze the voltage stability problems. In this paper, the performance of both P-V and P-Q methods is tested on the IEEE 14 bus system. Simulation results show that P-Q curve method is more intuitive and convenient than P-V curve method on assessing the load margins.
Informationstechnologie als Digitalisierungstreiber

Getrieben durch die extreme Zunahme der Leistungsfahigkeit der Informationstechnologie (IT) rollt die Digitalisierungswelle unaufhaltsam und immer schneller weiter auf uns zu. Als Synonym fur die andauernde massive Leistungssteigerung in der IT steht seit Jahren das sogenannte Mooresche Gesetz, das bereits vor uber 50 Jahren eine Verdoppelung der Leistungsfahigkeit integrierter Schaltkreise innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 12 Monaten beschrieb. Bei unveranderter Basistechnologie ware das Gesetz langst nicht mehr gultig. Aufgrund von Technologiesprungen besteht der Grundsatz des exponentiellen Wachstums der Leistungsfahigkeit jedoch weiterhin. Es gibt scheinbar keine technologischen Grenzen und es ist nur eine Frage der Zeit, wann die menschliche Intelligenz durch „Maschinenintelligenz“ uberholt wird und der Zeitpunkt der sogenannten Singularitat erreicht wird.
Robust Video Watermarking of Hybrid based techniques

This paper adopted a new video watermarking scheme based on hybrid transforms to achieve the watermarking requirements, that is, robustness, imperceptibility, and security. Where In our system first of all, the original video will be divided into frames to transform it using the Slantlet Transform into four sub-bands (i.e., LL, LH, HL, and HH). Secondly, The HL sub-band will be chosen for further decomposition using Contourlet Transform (CT), and then the low sub-band of CT will be selected to decompose it to fixed size non overlapping blocks to employ the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) on each block. lastly, to improve the security and robustness, the watermark logo is scrambled using AT(Arnold transformation ) as a prelude to embed it’s on the each transformed non-overlapping blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves good imperceptibility and high resistance against various attacks.
Leveller Successors and the Protectorate, 1654–1659

Oliver Cromwell’s reintroduction of elements of the traditional regime in the Protectorate and the loss of John Lilburne and William Walwyn as spokesmen prompted changes in Leveller character and tactics. John Wildman, Richard Overton, Edward Sexby, and others engaged in plotting against Cromwell with exiled royalists and the Spanish government. Leveller ideas and followings converged with those of other opposition groups, including the Fifth Monarchists, parliamentary republicans, and theoretical republican advocates like James Harrington. Intrigues against Cromwell and opposition to him kept Leveller ideas in circulation during his lifetime within the popular republicanism of the ‘commonwealthmen.’ In 1659, during the parliament held after the succession of Richard Cromwell as protector, an outburst of Leveller and republican enthusiasm contributed to the collapse of the Protectorate.
Pharmacists in obstetrics

I continue to be concerned regarding the low degree of involvement of clinical pharmacists in obstetrics and, in AJHP , the relatively rare mention of anything pertaining to obstetrics. All of the hallmarks of clinical pharmacy—management of drug therapy, clinical research, and teaching—are
Compressed supercontinuum probe for transient absorption microscopy

Here, we combine three optical advancements to transient absorption microscopy in order to access the photodynamics in systems requiring stringent spatial and temporal resolution criteria. First, a broadband visible probe is generated by a commercial photonic crystal fiber. Second, a spatial light modulator-based pulse shaper is incorporated to reduce the pulse dispersion and improve temporal resolution. Third, 1.4 numerical aperture objectives for excitation and light collection provide optimal spatial resolution. The result of these improvements is a probe beam that spans 115 nm across the visible region yet maintains a ∼100 fs instrument response at the sample position. We demonstrate the capabilities of this microscope by imaging polystyrene beads in a solution of IR-144 dye, revealing aggregated species at the bead surfaces.
A Test of the Three-Component Model of Gender-Based Prejudices: Homophobia and Transphobia Are Affected by Raters’ and Targets’ Assigned Sex at Birth

The present study tested a three-component model of homophobia and transphobia that differentiates between general and specifically gender-based social threats that motivate these prejudices. A sample of 187 female and 107 male heterosexual U.S. college undergraduates were randomly assigned to complete survey measures of homophobia and transphobia with either born-female (lesbian and female-to-male transgender, respectively) or born-male (gay man and male-to-female transgender, respectively) targets, as well as measures of religious fundamentalism, right wing authoritarianism, aggression, and ambivalent sexism. The participant by target-gender interaction for transphobia showed that transphobia was particularly high for male participants judging born-male transgender targets. Possibly reflecting a fear of any social non-conformity, religious fundamentalism and right wing authoritarianism were positively correlated with homophobia and transphobia regardless of participant or target gender. Possibly reflecting specific fears among men about threats to male privilege, physical aggression proneness was strongly positively correlated with homophobia and transphobia for men judging a male target. Aggression proneness was also positively correlated with homophobia for women judging a female target. Possibly reflecting specific fears among women about threats to female social roles, benevolent sexism was only positively correlated with transphobia for female but not for male participants, with no target-gender difference. Benevolent sexism was also correlated with homophobia for female participants judging a male target. These findings were largely supportive of the three-component model of gender-based prejudice.
Conformations and use of beta-aminoacid residues

The ubiquitous occurrence in nature of alpha-aminoacid residues in peptides and proteins and their importance in biological systems have resulted in well-documented studies of their folding and twisting characteristics. Beta-aminoacid residues, containing an extra C atom in the backbone between N and atoms, have received very little attention until recently. The additional single bond adds a new dimension to the flexibility of the backbone and can provide new stable folds to the repertoire of folded molecular structures already known for alphaaminoacids. Tubular [1-3] and helical [4-7] structures, most of them established by single crystal x-ray diffraction, will be described in the following paragraphs.
Inertial Manifolds and Stabilization in Nonlinear Elastic Systems with Structural Damping

Abstract Consider a nonlinear extensible flexural beam equation with Balakrishnan-Taylor damping and a structural damping, which serves as a model of deflection and control of nonlinear aerospace structures. To solve the “spillover” problem in stabilization of the relevant vibration, which is significant in achieving system stability and performance with controllers involving only finitely many modes, this work provides a new approach by proving the existence of inertial manifolds for the uncontrolled nonlinear equation. The results show that, based on the information of inertial forms, the system is exponentially stabilizable by a linear finite-dimensional feedback control which is robust with respect to the uncertainty of parameters.
Not Just an Undergraduate Issue: Campus Climate and Sexual Violence Among Graduate Students.

The lack of research on graduate students’ experiences with campus sexual violence and the campus climate is a glaring gap in the literature (Bonistall Postel, 2017). Thus, the current exploratory study examines the experience of graduate students at one university to determine their victimization rates and the number of disclosures they receive from peers. In addition, we compare graduate and undergraduate students’ awareness of resources on campus and their confidence in knowing where to seek assistance for their peers or themselves. Finally, we compare key influential factors related to the campus climate such as sense of community and perceptions of the university’s responsiveness to incidents of sexual violence among graduate and undergraduate students. An online survey was administered to a sample of 9,546 students, with 79.9% undergraduates and 20.1% graduates. A total of 5.2% of graduate students reported experiences of sexual violence since attending the university, with 13% receiving disclosures...
Quorum sensing and microbial biofilms

Some bacterial species engage in two well-documented social behaviors: the formation of surface-associated communities known as biofilms, and intercellular signaling, or quorum sensing. Recent studies have begun to reveal how these two social behaviors are related in different species. This chapter will review the role quorum sensing plays in biofilm formation for different species. In addition, different aspects of quorum sensing in the context of multispecies biofilms will be discussed.
Modeling the human visuo-motor system to support remote-control operation

The working hypothesis in this project is that gaze interactions play a central role in structuring the joint control and guidance strategy of the human operator performing spatial tasks. Perceptual guidance and control is the idea that the visual and motor systems form a unified perceptuo-motor system where necessary information is naturally extracted by the visual system. As a consequence, the response of this system is constrained by the visual and motor mechanisms and these effects should manifest in the behavioral data. Modeling the perceptual processes of the human operator provides the foundation necessary for a systems-based approach to the design of control and display systems used by remotely operated vehicles. This paper investigates this hypothesis using flight tasks conducted with remotely controlled miniature rotorcraft, taking place in indoor settings that provide rich environments to investigate the key processes supporting spatial interactions. This work also applies to spatial control tasks in a range of application domains that include tele-operation, gaming, and virtual reality. The human-in-the-loop system combines the dynamics of the vehicle, environment, and human perception–action with the response of the overall system emerging from the interplay of perception and action. The main questions to be answered in this work are as follows: (i) what is the general control and guidance strategy of the human operator, and (ii) how is information about the vehicle and environment extracted visually by the operator. The general approach uses gaze as the primary sensory mechanism by decoding the gaze patterns of the pilot to provide information for estimation, control, and guidance. This work differs from existing research by taking what have largely been conceptual ideas on action–perception and structuring them to be implemented for a real-world problem. The paper proposes a system model that captures the human pilot’s perception–action loop; the loop that delineates the main components of the pilot’s perceptuo-motor system, including estimation of the vehicle state and task elements based on operator gaze patterns, trajectory planning, and tracking control. The identified human visuo-motor model is then exploited to demonstrate how the perceptual and control functions system can be augmented to reduce the operator workload.
High-Pressure Chemical Looping Reforming Processes: System Analysis for Syngas Generation from Natural Gas and Reducing Tail Gases

Reforming technologies produce syngas that serves as an important intermediate in the production of fuels and chemicals in the chemical and petrochemical industry. Only recently has reforming technology based on the chemical looping concept been attempted. Most chemical looping studies have been performed under ambient pressure conditions, but most processes that use syngas operate at an elevated pressure. Understanding the effect that pressure has on syngas generation in a chemical looping reactor is essential to the design of the overall system. This study characterizes and compares the effect of pressures on syngas yields under various chemical looping reforming operating conditions. Specifically, in this study, an iron-based oxygen carrier is used for the chemical looping partial oxidation reaction of methane to form syngas. The equilibrium simulation is of direct relevance to process applications, as demonstrated by the methane and metal oxide co-current reactor system, where in previous studies, exp...
Transient Reacting Flow Simulations of Chemical-Looping Combustion Reactors

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has shown great promise in addressing the need for high-efficiency low-cost carbon capture from fossil-fueled power plants. In recent years, there has been a focus on developing high-fidelity simulations of the CLC process in the literature to facilitate the transition of this technology from laboratory- and pilot-scale projects to deployment on an industrial scale. Detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of two CLC reactors are presented in this chapter. The first case employs the Eulerian–Eulerian approach to investigate hot flow behavior with chemical reactions in a packed bed reactor with ilmenite oxygen carrier and carbon monoxide simulating the exact experimental conditions. Previous simulations of this setup were conducted for cold flow without chemical reactions. After 60 minutes of simulation, the results are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The second case is an Eulerian–Lagrangian model of a bubbling bed CLC reactor with hematite oxygen carrier and methane. The experiment is modeled to scale and particle interactions are calculated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupled with CFD to solve the flow field. Owing to the computational demands of DEM, only the simulation start-up is investigated and the results show reasonable agreement with the experiment.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Instructions for Electronic Cigarette Use on Smoking-Related Behaviors and Biomarkers of Exposure.

Introduction Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have the potential to significantly reduce exposure to harmful constituents associated with cigarette smoking when smokers completely substitute cigarettes with e-cigarettes. This study examined patterns of e-cigarette and cigarette use, and extent of toxicant exposure, if smokers were instructed and incentivized to completely switch to e-cigarettes compared to instructions to use the product ad libitum. Aims and methods US adult daily smokers (n = 264; 49.2% female; Mage = 47.0), uninterested in quitting smoking immediately, were recruited from Minneapolis, MN, Columbus, OH, and Buffalo, NY. Participants were randomized to 8 weeks of instructions for (1) ad libitum use of e-cigarettes (AD-E), (2) complete substitution of cigarettes with e-cigarettes (CS-E), (3) complete substitution of cigarettes with nicotine gum or lozenge (CS-NRT), or (4) continue smoking of usual brand cigarettes (UB). Participants were incentivized for protocol compliance, including complete switching in the CS-E and CS-NRT groups. Outcome variables were cigarette smoking rate and tobacco-related biomarkers of exposure. Results Smokers in the CS-E and CS-NRT groups showed lower rates of smoking and lower exposure to carbon monoxide, tobacco carcinogens, and other toxicants than smokers in the AD-E group. In general, no significant differences were observed between CS-E versus CS-NRT or between AD-E versus UB for most biomarkers. Significantly higher 7-day point prevalence smoke-free rates were observed for CS-E versus CS-NRT. Conclusions Smokers instructed and incentivized to completely switch to e-cigarettes resulted in lower smoking rates and greater reductions in exposures to harmful chemicals than smokers instructed to use the product ad libitum. Implications Smokers instructed to completely substitute e-cigarettes for cigarettes displayed significantly lower levels of smoking and biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens and toxicants, compared to smokers instructed to use e-cigarettes ad libitum and similar levels as smokers instructed to completely substitute with nicotine replacement therapies. Furthermore, a higher rate of complete switching was achieved with e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapies. Approaches to maximize complete substitution with e-cigarettes are an important area for future research.
A natural language–based tool for diagnosis of serrated polyposis syndrome

Background and Aims Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is common but under-recognized and is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The diagnosis is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and is inclusive of the cumulative number of lifetime serrated polyps. We used natural language processing (NLP) to extract colonoscopy and pathology data from the electronic medical record (EMR). The aim of this study was to assess feasibility of using an NLP-based SPS tool to identify patients with SPS. Methods NLP was used to extract data from 323,494 colonoscopies performed in 255,074 distinct patients between August 1998 and March 2016 to identify individuals who met SPS criteria. The accuracy of diagnosis of SPS was assessed by manual review of the EMR. Results Of 255,074 patients, 71 were identified as meeting 1 WHO criteria for SPS. Manual review confirmed the diagnosis of SPS to be accurate in 66 cases (93%). Erroneous diagnosis in the remaining 5 cases occurred because of duplicate polyp data by NLP extraction. Only 25 of 66 patients (38%) were diagnosed with SPS by a clinician in the EMR. Of these, SPS was diagnosed by NLP at least 2 years before the clinician in 5 of 25 patients (20%). Conclusions In a large cohort, NLP accurately identified SPS in over 90% of cases, most of which were not previously recognized. NLP can assist in collating colonoscopy and pathology data across multiple procedures in the same patient to make an accurate and earlier diagnosis of SPS.
Low-molecular weight vs. unfractionated heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgery: a meta-analysis.

To assess the association between low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among participants undergoing general surgery. LMWH and UFH are the standard of practice in the prevention of VTE in surgery. However, in the context of general surgery, studies comparing the effectiveness of these treatments are limited. A systematic search was conducted to find studies which examined the comparative effectiveness between LMWH and UFH in the prophylaxis of VTE in the context of general surgery. The number of events of VTE in groups receiving LMWH or UFH was the primary outcome of interest, and was used to calculate odds-ratios. Amongst 33,068 participants pooled from twelve studies, the rate of VTE was 1.3% in those treated with LMWH, and 3.1% in those treated with UFH. Although there was a wide difference in rates due to clinical heterogeneity, there was no statistically significant difference between treatment effects [OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.58–1.03; p value = 0.0783; I2= 62.3%; 12 studies]. In terms of the sensitivity analysis, sources overly contributing to heterogeneity were removed. The random-effects model continued to show insignificance between LMWH and UFH in the prevention of VTE in participants undergoing general surgery [OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.69–1.08; p value = 0.2005; I2= 0%; 9 studies]. Results show an equal effectiveness in the prevention of VTE between participants undergoing general surgery in those allocated to receive LMWH to those allocated to receive UFH.
Meso-Biphenyl-Linked, Near- and Far-Infrared Emitting, Chlorin and Bacteriochlorin Dimers: Synthesis, Excitation Transfer, and Singlet Oxygen Production.

A series of meso-biphenyl linked chlorin and bacteriochlorin dimers, derived from naturally occurring chlorophyll (Chl-a) and bacteriochlorophyll (BChl-a) were synthesized in 32 % to 44 % yields and characterized, as photosynthetic antenna mimics, and a new class of singlet oxygen producing agents. The dimers are characterized by absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and computational methods to evaluate their physico-chemical properties, and to identify ground and excited state interactions. Evidence of excited energy exchange among the chromophores in the dimer is derived from femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies. Rate constants for excitation hopping were in the order of 1011 s-1 , indicating occurrence of efficient processes. Nanosecond transient absorption studies confirmed relaxation of the singlet excited chlorin and bacteriochlorin dimers to their corresponding triplet states (3 Chl* and 3 Bchl*). As predicted by the established energy level diagrams, both 3 Chl* and 3 Bchl* are shown to be capable of producing singlet oxygen with appreciable quantum yields (ϕSO ∼0.3).
Sensitive and Specific Immunohistochemistry Protocol for Nucleocapsid Protein from All Common SARS-CoV-2 Virus Strains in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin Embedded Tissues.

Human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening and highly contagious disease caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins in tissues and cells of COVID-19 patients will support investigations of the biologic behavior and tissue and cell tropism of this virus. We identified commercially available affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies raised against nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that provide sensitive and specific detection of the virus by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Two immunohistochemistry protocols are presented that are mutually validated by the matched detection patterns of the two distinct viral antigens in virus-infected cells within autopsy lung tissue of COVID-19 deceased patients. Levels of nucleocapsid protein in the lungs of COVID-19 decedents, as measured by quantitative histo-cytometry of immunohistochemistry images, showed an excellent log–linear relationship with levels of viral nucleocapsid RNA levels, as measured by qRT-PCR. Importantly, since the nucleocapsid protein sequence is conserved across all known viral strains, the nucleocapsid immunohistochemistry protocol is expected to recognize all common variants of SARS-CoV-2. Negative controls include autopsy lung tissues from patients who died from non-COVID-19 respiratory disease and control rabbit immunoglobulin. Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human tissues will provide insights into viral tissue and cell distribution and load in patients with active infection, as well as provide insight into the clearance rate of virus in later COVID-19 disease stages. The protocols are also expected to be readily transferable to detect SARS-CoV-2 proteins in tissues of experimental animal models or animals suspected to serve as viral reservoirs.
Critical Phenomena: Past, Present and "Future"

The opening talk of an interdisciplinary meeting should ideally start at “square one”. In the present case this means I should assume no previous background in the field of equilibrium phase transitions. Although everyone in the audience has some background in this field, the background of no two people is identical. Hence I begin with a brief introduction to phase transitions. Accordingly, I shall organize this talk around three simple questions: (i) “What happens?” That is to say, “What are the basic phenomena under consideration?” (ii) “Why do we care?” (iii) “What do we actually do?”
Role of Renal Interstitial ATP in Pressure Natriuresis/Diuresis Relationship

The purines, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and derivatives, are recognized to be among the most important agents of paracrine signaling. Purinergic receptors are expressed ubiquitously in the kid...
Luttinger-liquid behaviour in carbon nanotubes

Electron transport in conductors is usually well described by Fermi-liquid theory, which assumes that the energy states of the electrons near the Fermi level EF are not qualitatively altered by Coulomb interactions. In one-dimensional systems, however, even weak Coulomb interactions cause strong perturbations. The resulting system, known as a Luttinger liquid, is predicted to be distinctly different from its two- and three-dimensional counterparts1. For example, tunnelling into a Luttinger liquid at energies near the Fermi level is predicted to be strongly suppressed, unlike in two- and three-dimensional metals. Experiments on one-dimensional semiconductor wires2, 2,3 have been interpreted by using Luttinger-liquid theory, but an unequivocal verification of the theoretical predictions has not yet been obtained. Similarly, the edge excitations seen in fractional quantum Hall conductors are consistent with Luttinger-liquid behaviour4, 5, but recent experiments failed to confirm the predicted relationship between the electrical properties of the bulk state and those of the edge states6. Electrically conducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent quantum wires7,8,9,10 that may exhibit Luttinger-liquid behaviour11, 12. Here we present measurements of the conductance of bundles (‘ropes’) of SWNTs as a function of temperature and voltage that agree with predictions for tunnelling into a Luttinger liquid. In particular, we find that the conductance and differential conductance scale as power laws with respect to temperature and bias voltage, respectively, and that the functional forms and the exponents are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Development of a Stable Freeze-dried Formulation of Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist

Purpose. A formulation of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) was developed that provided both acute protection during lyophilization and storage stability in the dried solid.
Oxidation Behavior of a Commercial Gold-Based Braze Alloy for Ceramic-To-Metal Joining

A commercially available ceramic-to-metal braze alloy, Nioro ABA, was subjected to high-temperature testing in air to evaluate its oxidation behavior, microstructural stability, and material compatibility for potential application in electrochemical devices. Oxidation studies were performed on the as-received braze alloy foils, on wetting samples prepared using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates, and on Nioro ABA brazed YSZ/ferritic stainless joints. The results of these investigations and the corresponding metallographic and elemental analyses are presented and discussed below.
Effect of coronary bypass surgery on longevity in high and low risk patients. Report from the V.A. Cooperative Coronary Surgery Study.

Abstract There is considerable uncertainty about the effects of bypass surgery on the longevity of patients with coronary-artery disease and angina. The Cleveland Clinic has reported improved survival after surgical treatment; the Duke University study indicated improvement in a high-risk subgroup only. The Veterans Administration (V.A.) randomised study initially reported improved survival only for patients with significant left main artery (L.M.) disease. Further analysis of the V.A. study shows that survival in the high-risk subgroup was 87% for the surgically treated patients and 74% for those treated medically—a highly significant difference after four years of follow-up. However, exclusion of the L.M. group reduced the difference to a non-significant one of 84% versus 79%. For patients not in the high-risk subgroup, survival at four years (with L.M. excluded) was 93% for those treated surgically and 96% for those treated medically. For all patients the rates were 85% and 86%, respectively. These findings indicate that in the evaluation of the effects of bypass surgery on longevity the characteristics of the coronary-artery disease are critical.
Skill Assessment of Water Supply Outlooks in the Colorado River Basin

Water-supply outlooks that predict the April through July (snowmelt) runoff and assist in estimating the total water-year runoff, are very important to users that rely on the major contributing watersheds of the Colorado River. This study reviewed the skill level of April through July forecasts at 28 forecast points within the Colorado River basin. All the forecasts were made after 1950, with considerable variation in time period covered. Evaluations of the forecasts were made using summary measures, correlation measures and categorical measures. The summary measure, a skill score for mean absolute error, indicated a steady increase in forecast skill through the forecast season of January to May. The width of the distribution for each monthly forecast over the 28 locations remained similar through the forecast season. The Nash-Sutcliffe score, a correlation measure, showed similar results, with the Nash-Sutcliffe median showing an increase from 0.4 to 0.8 during the forecast season. The categorical measures used a three-section partition of the April through July runoff. The Probability of Detection for low and high flows showed an increase in skill from approx. 0.4 to 0.8 during the forecast season. The same score for mid-flow years showed limited increase in skill. The low False Alarm Rate illustrated the under forecast of high-flow years. The Bias of the mid-runoff forecasts indicated over forecast early in the forecast season (January to March), with lower Bias later in the forecast season (April and May), ending the forecast season at 1.0, indicating no Bias. Forecasts for both low and high runoff were under forecast early in the season with a Bias near 0.5, improving to nearly 1.0 by the end of the forecast season. The Hit Rate measure illustrated the difficulty of mid-flow
Electromagnetism and gravity in noncommutative geometry

It is indeed a privilege and a great honor to participate in this first symposium to commemorate the memory of my dear friend and mentor, Feza Gtirsey. Feza was the foremost among our contemporaries, who continually brought new mathematical ideas into theoretical physics. Through Feza and his students, octonians, exceptional groups and such became familiar and nonexceptional. He saw far far reaching connections between deep mathematical results and fundamental physical ideas. I recall one of his many wonderful colloquia titled "Episodes in the History of Marital Relations between Mathematics and Physics; Periods of passionate involvement followed by estrangement." With a more formal title, the contents of his thoughts on this topic were presented at a conference on Symmetries in Physics (1600-1980) in Barcelona in 1983 and published in its Proceedings[l].
Antimony Trisulfide Heterojunction Vidicon Structures

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the various aspects of antimony trisulfide heterojunction vidicon structure. Antimony trisulfide has been extensively used as the photoconductive material in vidicons, and it has also been used in heterojunction structures as a nonphotosensitive element. The presence of emission limited contacts to Sb 2 S 3 , and the requirements of a useful heterojunction vidicon target are established. It is demonstrated that a properly designed junction can reduce the dark current arising from electron injection without affecting other photoconductive characteristics. The use of a heterojunction structure to ensure the absence of ohmic or quasiohmic contacts relaxes the inherent restriction imposed on the resistivity of the Sb 2 S 3 . The electrical contact and photoconductive characteristics were found. It was demonstrated that a properly designed junction can reduce the dark current arising from electron injection without affecting other photoconductive characteristics. It is found that such a reduction of dark current permits operation at higher applied fields, which in turn, yield a sensitivity approaching a quantum yield of unity for the peak response wavelength.
OM Forum—Making OM Research More Relevant: “Why?” and “How?”

Should OM research become more relevant? I provide my own perspective on this question and some practical ideas for our community to explore. This article is based on my Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (MSOM) Distinguished Fellow inaugural lecture given at the University of Toronto on June 29, 2015.
Pluralism: lifeblood of post-Keynesian institutionalism

This article examines the scholarship of W. Robert Brazelton to underscore the vital role that pluralism plays in post-Keynesian institutionalism (PKI). In the early 1980s, Brazelton embraced pluralism within economics and drew attention to the compatibility of post-Keynesian economics and institutionalism. More recently, he highlighted the relevance to economics of research in other disciplines, including psychology and sociology. All the while, Brazelton has devoted special attention to the problem of business cycles, demonstrating how insight gleaned from a pluralist perspective toward economics advances our understanding of that problem. The article is structured as follows: an overview of PKI; a description of what is meant by pluralism in the context of PKI; an examination of Brazelton's scholarship; a discussion, including some suggestions for economics education that flow from Brazelton's research; and a conclusion.
All-optical signal processing for 160 Gbit/s/channel OTDM/WDM systems

This paper describes the state-of-the-art technologies and issues of all-optical signal processing for implementing OTDM/WDM systems with a channel bit-rate of 160 Gbit/s.
Implementation of direct adaptive control on 3-DOF spring-mass-damper system

Position control of a 3-DOF spring-mass-damper system with parametric variations is considered. Direct model reference adaptive control with feedforward compensator is designed and implemented on the experimental setup. As seen from the results, the desired response was obtained in each case. Adaptive control was capable of handling the parametric variations and the changes in the system configurations.