cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The negative feedback dysregulation effect: losses of motor control in response to negative feedback.

Negative feedback has paradoxical features to it. This form of feedback can have informational value under some circumstances, but it can also threaten the ego, potentially upsetting behaviour as a...
The Kinetics of Pore Shape Evolution in Alumina

The kinetics of shape evolution of a completely faceted crystal/internal void by surface diffusion was modeled. Arrays of micron-sized cavities were generated in sapphire substrates with known surface orientations using microlithography and ion beam etching and converted to internal intragranular pores of nonequilibrium shape by diffusion bonding of the etched substrate to an identical-orientation unetched sapphire substrate. Pore shape evolution rates during high-temperature anneals were monitored and found to be highly sensitive to the orientation of the substrate surface. The observed evolution rates were compared with the predictions of the kinetic model using diffusivity values for alumina that span the range from the highest to the lowest diffusion constants reported in the literature. The comparison suggests that surface-attachment-limited kinetics (SALK) play a major role in surface mass transport on stable low-index planes of alumina.
Locking strength of Morse tapers used for modular segmental bone defect replacement prostheses

Mechanical testing has been performed to characterize the locking strength of Morse taper locks used for reconstruction of large bone defects. Taper joint pairs were locked with a series of compressive loads increasing from 500 to 3500 N. Following each load application the taper locks were distracted with either an axial load or a torsional load. Additional tapers were loaded with 2 million cycles of axial compression or 2 million cycles of cantilever bending combined with axial compression, followed by axial distraction. The torsional and axial distraction loads increased linearly with the compressive load. Compared to a single compressive load application, cyclic axial loading had little influence on the joint strength, while a combination of axial loading and bending increased the joint strength. Based on these results, in vivo loading should increase the locking strength of Morse taper locks used for bone defect reconstruction.
Standardized extracts. Stinging and biting insects.

The state of the art in insect allergy before 1973 consisted of obtaining a history, sometimes performing skin tests with one or more insect whole body extracts (WBEs), and, if convinced of the veracity of the history, treating the patient with WBE. Although some allergists, especially Dr. Mary Loveless, 1 challenged this practice and suggested that venom and not insect bodies contained the allergens, they were generally ignored for lack of convincing scientific evidence. A 4-year-old boy was seen at the allergy clinic of Johns Hopkins University in 1973 who had experienced 2 near fatal reactions to honeybee stings, the second following a course of WBE immunotherapy. His sister had previously died from bee sting anaphylaxis, and his father was a commercial beekeeper. Lichtenstein and colleagues 2 had the father collect bee venom and attempted rush desensitization. At the equivalent of 1/3 sting (15 ~g), systemic symptoms began and they became severe at a dose of 50 ~,g. The patient was placed on a slower injection protocol and eventually could tolerate 100 p,g. At this time serologic studies showed a substantial rise in IgG antibodies against venom and the patient tolerated an intentional sting challenge. This single case was the beginning of an extensive research program at Johns Hopkins University and other institutions, which led to controlled scientific studies of many of the variables in insect venom allergy and, ultimately, to the licensing of bee venom and vespid venom protein extracts for human use. Present standards for dose, regimen, and some of the indications for immunotherapy are based on controlled studies; but many questions are still unanswered, such as the ability to predict severe reactions in untreated individuals, cross-reactivity and multiple reactivity among the venoms, and the duration of immunotherapy. Venom allergy will be an active area of research for many years. The prevalence of severe reactions to insect stings is unknown. Studies performed mainly by tabulating questionnaires filled out by parents and phy
Genetic Differences in Enzymes which Metabolize Drugs, Chemical Carcinogens, and Other Environmental Pollutants

In the literature dozens of examples exist in which gene differences are reflected as variations in individual risk of cancer or pharmacologic response. One of the most well-characterized is the Ah locus, which controls the induction of a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes by polycyclic aromatic compounds such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro- dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3-methylcholanthrene. While studying this genetic system, we have examined the effects of TCDD in cell culture and the metabolism of TCDD by mouse liver microsomes in vitro. The principal genetic defect among certain inbred mouse strains involves a cytosolic receptor for TCDD. The level of receptor has been shown in mice and perhaps in man to reflect individual differences in risk of certain chemically induced cancers, mutations, drug toxicities, and birth defects.
A Vision of Aviation Weather System to Support Air Traffic Management In the Twenty-First Century

Aircraft and weather have been inseparably linked since the first day of powered flight at Kitty Hawk. Despite decades of technological advances, weather remains one of the most important factors affecting aviation safety and efficiency. From 1970 to 1985. for example. 40 percent of all airline accidents were weather related. Sixty-five percent of annual air traffic control system delays are attributable to weather and account for $1.7 billion of direct costs to the airline industry each year-not including the inconvenience and costs suffered by the traveling public. With aviation demand and business costs projected to double within 20 years. weather-related delays will increase unless avoidable weather-related delays are identified and weather system improvements are planned and implemented.
Conflict and constellation : The new trend of value development in China

Denoncant la reduction du debat contemporain sur les valeurs en Chine a l'antagonisme entre le systeme (pro-)communiste et la democratie occidentale, l'A. montre qu'il existe un ensemble de valeurs traditionnelles en Chine qui forme avec les valeurs occidentales et les valeurs socialistes une veritable constellation ou chacun des systemes se complete, ouvrant la voie a la reconciliation politique et a une entente dialectique entre l'ideal chinois d'une societe harmonieuse et stable et l'ideal democratique occidental
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation's (OIC) Response to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Rights: A Challenge to Equality and Nondiscrimination Under International Law

This article further explores the Organization of Islamic Cooperation’s (“OIC”) peculiar understanding of international nondiscrimination and equality norms by considering how it engages with sexual orientation and gender identity (“SOGI”) rights. After reviewing the OIC’s historical approach to human rights and its ambivalent acceptance of universality, the article focuses on the organization’s contemporary effort to promote the “protection of the family” within the international human rights arena. This campaign — driven by the OIC’s belief that “Islamic family values” are under legal and intellectual assault — champions only those families premised on marriage between a man and a woman. Consequently, families built around lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (“LGBTI”) and other relationships risk exposure to inequality, discrimination and denial of existing rights under international human rights law. OIC advocacy of protection of the family, however, is by no means the only area where the organization has sought to exclude the LGBTI community. Nor does the OIC’s position in the narrow context of family reflect a complete accounting of its motives for opposing recognition of SOGI rights. Accordingly, the article proceeds to consider how other core components of the OIC’s human rights platform and accompanying rationales manifest hostility even to the slightest hint of SOGI rights recognition. As will be demonstrated, this hostility cuts across a wide swath of human rights issues, ranging from extrajudicial killings to the right to health. And while by no means reflective of the sole possible interpretation of Islamic norms, the OIC continues to press its view as authoritative, generating significant controversy and fallout, particularly at the United Nations.
The Mystery of the "But"

Good afternoon and welcome. We are here to remember and celebrate the life of a good friend who happened also to be a great man. We shall try with our words to express our friendship for Joe and do justice to his greatness. It goes without saying that we shall fail in the attempt. Our words will fall short of the facts, and can never reach the man himself. That is something we must accept. But Joe is gone, and all we now possess of him are the words we use to remember and describe him. That is something we must attempt. We shall try our best, partly for our own sake, because we need to keep as much of Joe as we can, and partly also for his, because Joe's life among us now depends on our poor power to translate from the vital world, so transient and bright, to the world of words, where we store up in a shadowy but more durable form all the feelings we wish could last. In the program you received when you entered the auditorium you will find a brief precis of Joe's life. We are told that Joe was "exacting but kind," and with this phrase-chosen, I am sure, after much careful thought-the author has attempted to capture an aspect of Joe's character that anyone who knew him well-that anyone who knew him even slightly-will instantly recognize as one of his essential features. The most revealing word in this short phrase is the one that joins the other two-the word "but" -which signals the author's appreciation of the fact that the two qualities here brought into conjunction were, in Joe, somewhat opposed-even, perhaps, a contradiction. The contradiction has been softened by the author's choice of adjectives: "exacting" and "kind." In fact, the qualities to which these words refer are better described in more
Current State of Urologic Medical School Education: A Scoping Review.

Abstract Objective To review current literature pertaining to the availability and implementation of urology-focused curricula, in an effort to highlight current approaches to urologic education at the medical school level. Methods A medical librarian searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, ERIC, and Scopus for articles focused on undergraduate urology education. Two reviewers adjudicated all retrieved titles. Only those describing interventions in undergraduate medical urology education were included in the review. Data extracted from each article included, but were not limited to: sample size, instructional aim, type of intervention, outcome measurement, significance of results, and strength of evidence. Results After removal of 1478 duplicate search results, 2425 unique titles remained for adjudication. Title and abstract screening excluded 2311. The remaining 114 articles met inclusion criteria. The articles focused on knowledge-based education (43), urologic curricula (22), clinical skills education (19), surgical skills training (15), and survey of student experiences in urology (15). 73 had been published since January 1, 2010. Conclusion Analysis of the published literature reveals a paucity of articles investigating implementation and outcomes of formal urologic curricula. Most of the literature focuses on acquisition of knowledge concerning narrow urology-related topics. Physicians often receive minimal exposure to formal urologic curricula during their undergraduate years. Appropriate interventions aimed at increasing undergraduate student familiarity with common urologic scenarios are warranted. The results of this study can inform the efforts of urology programs seeking to expand their educational opportunities.
Introduction To The 1999 Hicss Minitrack On Logic Modeling

Logic modeling is modeling with logic, normally formal logic. It is the use of broadly logical methods and languages to represent systems of interest. For very many application areas, some form of logic is the most natural and appropriate tool for perspicuously and effectively capturing the structure of a given system. HICSS has had an ongoing logic modeling minitrack for about ten years. The minitrack has published logic modeling papers on a very wide range of topics, using many different varieties of formal logic, and written by a diverse, international group of scholars. Application areas that have been extensively addressed by papers in the minitrack include: defeasible or nonmonotonic reasoning, expert systems, software engineering, and electronic commerce.Six papers appear in this year's minitrack on logic modeling, consisting of two sessions of three papers each. As usual, these papers cover a range of issues and methodologies, from the descriptive and empirical to the formal and mathematical. (Also, we are aware of a number of papers in the Formal Aspects of Digital Commerce minitrack that have substantial logic modeling content and interest.)
MicroRNA targeting energy metabolism in ovarian cancer: a potent contender for future therapeutics.

The metabolic activities of cancer cells are frequently altered to sustain their malignant properties under the influence of oncogenes and tumor suppressors (1). Therefore, it is highly pertinent to determine the key regulators of metabolic reprogramming during tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one such class of small non-coding RNA regulators that influence cellular processes during both physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years, the roles of miRNAs in association with energy metabolism have gained much interest in the field of cancer.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Persistence and Disinfection of Human Coronaviruses and Their Viral Surrogates in Water and Wastewater

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify decay rate constants (k) of human coronaviruses and their viral surrogates (i.e., animal coronaviruses and the enveloped bacteriophag...
Mobile Encounter-based Social Sybil Control.

We present a novel “Proof of Social Contact” approach to Sybil control that utilizes the analysis of digitally signed information about digitally signed pairwise encounters between mobile devices that are logged in a distributed ledger. To illustrate the approach, we show examples of analysis using binary classification techniques under two different adversary detection models, and evaluate them using a real-world mobile device encounter trace. We discuss a number of open problems and future directions that could be pursued by researchers in the field to realize and improve such a system and build on top of it.
COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT

An array of studies identifies that effective communication is imperative in the workplace to increase employee productivity and organizational performance. Despite the benefits that emerge in the use of effective communication strategies within an organization, many organizations face numerous challenges that emerge in communication breakdowns and disconnects. These challenges affect performance and compromise success. The intent of this paper is to use a mixed method approach that includes a literature review and gathering of primary data from questionnaires and interviews to determine the communication problems in management. The data analysis is achieved through qualitative and quantitative strategies. The study identifies that lack of effective communication is centered on the perceptions that exist within the workforce. Managers perceive that their strategies are effective when in some cases they are not. The study also identifies that tech-assisted communication systems would increase productivity. From these insights, it is imperative that organizations implement changes that will foster effective communication throughout the organization.
Risk Factors for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in a national US healthcare system.

BACKGROUND: Identifying risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection could help health systems improve testing and screening strategies. OBJECTIVES: Identify demographic factors, comorbid conditions, and symptoms independently associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING: Veterans Health Administration. PATIENTS: Persons tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between March 1 and May 14, 2020. MEASUREMENTS: Associations between demographic characteristics, diagnosed comorbid conditions, and documented symptoms with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Of 88,747 persons tested, 10,131 (11.4%) were SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive. Positivity was associated with older age (≥80 vs. <50 years: aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.97-2.37), male sex (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34-1.57), regional SARS-CoV-2 burden (≥2,000 vs. <400 cases/million: aOR 5.43, 95% CI 4.97-5.93), urban residence (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.70-1.87), Black (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 2.05-2.26) or American Indian/Alaska Native/Pacific Islander (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52) vs. White race, and Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.40-1.65). Obesity and diabetes were the only two medical conditions associated with testing positive. Documented fevers, chills, cough, and diarrhea were also associated with testing positive. The population attributable fraction of positive tests was highest for regional SARS-CoV-2 burden (35.3%), followed by demographic variables (27.2%), symptoms (12.0%), obesity (10.5%), and diabetes (0.4%). LIMITATIONS: Lack of information on SARS-CoV-2 exposures or the indications for testing which may affect the likelihood of testing positive. CONCLUSION: The majority of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests were attributed to regional SARS-CoV-2 burden, demographic characteristics and obesity with a minor contribution of chronic comorbid conditions.
NoC Symbiosis : (Special Session Paper)

Conventional wisdom states that Network-on-Chip router area grows quadratically with the channel width, and this perception has fundamentally shaped the assumptions of thousands of NoC papers that have been written to date, and many chip designs. However, this assumption is not entirely true. Simple analysis and empirical data from this paper shows that, in modern standard cell technology, a router’s standard cell logic area actually grows only linearly; it is solely the wire routing area that grows quadratically.If we think of a NoC as a standalone block as is done in standard hierarchical VLSI design, then the overall area growth is indeed quadratic. But this approach either vastly under-utilizes logic area, or, in designs that match wire and logic area, leads to small network links. At the same time, many standard non-NoC logic blocks like processors or accelerator blocks typically use the standard cell logic area but need only a fraction of available wiring resources.We propose an alternative approach, NoC Symbiosis, in which router logic and the node logic it services are jointly placed together. The router absorbs excess wiring resources from the node logic, and the node logic absorbs excess standard cell area from the router. Current-day automatic place and route (APR) tools already automatically distribute the router logic across the node logic, in order to provide enough space for the wiring resources. With this approach, future SoC’s can leverage vastly larger amounts of wiring bandwidth than ever before, or alternatively, reduce the area overhead of existing routers.We describe how we first encountered this phenomena, perform experiments to demonstrate its behavior, and provide design tips to help teams realize the potential of NoC Symbiosis.
New self-identities evolve via point mutation in an invertebrate allorecognition gene

Many organisms use genetic self-recognition systems to distinguish themselves from other members of their species. To understand how new self-identities evolve, we studied Allorecognition 2 (Alr2), a self-recognition gene from the colonial cnidarian, Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Alr2 encodes a highly polymorphic transmembrane protein that discriminates self from non-self by selectively binding across cell membranes to other Alr2 proteins with identical or very similar sequences. Here, we show that new Alr2 proteins evolve by amino acid substitutions that immediately create isoforms with entirely novel binding specificities, or through intermediates with relaxed binding specificities. Our results also suggest a topology for homophilic interactions between Alr2 proteins. These results provide direct evidence for the generation and maintenance of functional variation at an allorecognition locus and reveal that one-component and two-component self-recognition systems evolve via different mechanisms.
Assessment of the automation potential of electric vehicle battery disassembly

Abstract Electric vehicles (EV) offer an environment friendly solution to transportation and there are predictions for high sales of EVs in future. The most expensive parts of those vehicles are their batteries which need to be recycled after use. Currently, there are major challenges in disassembling and recycling EV batteries due to the large variety of types, sizes and design complexity. This paper provides a brief summary on current studies for the disassembly of EV batteries as well as the assessment of automation potential for EV battery disassembly steps. A 2017 Chevrolet Bolt battery was used to generate a disassembly graph, which shows connections and constraints of all parts and fasteners, and a 46-step disassembly sequence. An automation assessment of the 2017 Chevrolet Bolt battery and Audi Q5 battery was conducted on all the steps to determine, based on two categories, the technical possibility and the necessity of automating a given disassembly step. To score these different steps, which could range from a -100 to 100, an easy-to-use criteria catalog was developed and applied on these batteries. This criteria catalog consisted of a total of ten criteria, five criteria for the technical possibility to automate the step and five criteria for the necessity to automate that step. Disassembly steps that score above 50 for the technical ability to automate and had a positive necessity of automating score are steps that should be automated. The scores generated for both batteries showed that most of the unscrewing operations should be automated while most of the lifting operations should be performed by human workers. The results from the automation assessment of the Audi Q5 battery compared similarly to approaches found in literature but was able to produce more extreme scorings because of the simplified criteria catalog. The work presented in this paper gives an approach to assess the automation potential of a given disassembly step in any EV battery.
The South African Immigration Problem: A Dilemma that Can Become a Boon

Immigration has been an international issue for decades. Though the global Great Recession reduced immigration numbers, it still remains a serious issue for nations that have unwanted immigrants, such as South Africa. But overall how undesirable are these immigrants, legal or not? There is obviously a labor market demand for them or they would not come, and overall there are some real economic benefits. Still, when these immigrants are often illegal and thus treated poorly and paid worse, this not only hurts them, but also other workers in that economy. Add the fact that they are not often fully taxed though they do have access to some costly public services, and the issue becomes more acute. But as with America, Germany, England, and other industrialized nations, South Africa can also benefit from these immigrants with less pain for them and their host nation if they would make both some small and large changes to their immigration policy and labor market laws. This paper will use both primary and secondary sources, on South Africa but also other case studies, to show the current status of the immigration issue in South Africa, but also suggest some reforms to alleviate it.
The Greedy Algorithm and Coxeter Matroids

The notion of matroid has been generalized to Coxeter matroid by Gelfand and Serganova. To each pair (W, P) consisting of a finite irreducible Coxeter group W and parabolic subgroup P is associated a collection of objects called Coxeter matroids. The (ordinary) matroids are a special case, the case W e A (isomorphic to the symmetric group Sym_n+1) and P a maximal parabolic subgroup. The main result of this paper is that for Coxeter matroids, just as for ordinary matroids, the greedy algorithm provides a solution to a naturally associated combinatorial optimization problem. Indeed, in many important cases, Coxeter matroids are characterized by this property. This result generalizes the classical Rado-Edmonds and Gale theorems. A corollary of our theorem is that, for Coxeter matroids L, the greedy algorithm solves the L-assignment problem. Let W be a finite group acting as linear transformations on a Euclidean space {\bb E}, and let The L-assignment problem is to minimize the function f_{\xi, \eta} on a given subset L ⊆ W. An important tool in proving the greedy result is a bijection between the set W/P of left cosets and a “concrete” collection A of tuples of subsets of a certain partially ordered set. If a pair of elements of W are related in the Bruhat order, then the corresponding elements of A are related in the Gale (greedy) order. Indeed, in many important cases, the Bruhat order on W is isomorphic to the Gale order on A. This bijection has an important implication for Coxeter matroids. It provides bases and independent sets for a Coxeter matroid, these notions not being inherent in the definition.
Integration of membrane technology into hydrogen production plants with CO2 capture: An economic performance assessment study

Abstract An economic performance evaluation framework for hydrogen production (HP) plants with integrated catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) modules is presented (HP-CMR) in light of their enhanced environmental performance prospects. A detailed comprehensive net present value (NPV) model is first developed in order to assess the economic viability of HP-CMR plants, while irreducible sources of market and regulatory uncertainty are identified and their effect on the plant's economic performance is explicitly taken into account through Monte-Carlo techniques. As a result, the proposed economic performance evaluation framework for an HP-CMR plant allows the derivation of distribution profiles of economic performance outcomes rather than single-point value estimates that often lead to unsatisfactory valuation assessments by overlooking significant uncertainty effects over the plant's lifetime. Within the above framework, the HP-CMR plant is comparatively assessed against the conventional HP plant with and without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) systems. It is shown that future regulatory action on CO2 emissions leads to comparatively appealing distribution profiles of economic performance outcomes for HP-CMR plants in the presence of uncertainty, thus offering a window of opportunity for this new technology option to emerge as a viable one for hydrogen production in a carbon-constrained world. Finally, the provision of a set of incentives is considered that could potentially facilitate the demonstration stage of the HP-CMR technology option on the commercial scale.
Transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of polyamines into phospholipase A2

We have previously demonstrated that when phospholipase A2 is treated with either tissue transglutaminase or human plasma Factor XIIIa, a striking increase of its catalytic activity is observed, due to the formation of an intramolecular epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine crosslink [Cordella-Miele et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17180-17188]. Here, we report the effect of transglutaminase substrates such as mono-, di-, and polyamines on this transglutaminase-catalyzed post-translational modification of phospholipase A2. Incorporation of radioactively labeled polyamines into phospholipase A2 was demonstrated by using porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 as a substrate in a conventional transglutaminase assay. These results were further confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography. Additionally, gamma-glutamyl-polyamine was detected and unequivocally identified in proteolytic digests of polyaminated phospholipase A2. When phospholipase A2 was incubated with transglutaminase in the presence of putrescine, spermine, spermidine, dansylcadaverine, or methylamine, a 2-3-fold increase in phospholipase A2 activity was observed. The increase of phospholipase A2 activity was found to be dependent upon the concentration of phospholipase A2, preincubation time, and the duration of the reaction. Increase in phospholipase A2 activity after transglutaminase treatment in the presence of polyamines was demonstrated using two different assay systems. Kinetic studies on phospholipase A2 pretreated with spermidine and transglutaminase demonstrated a significant increase of the apparent Vmax but no significant change in the apparent Km. Unlike phospholipase A2 pretreated with transglutaminase alone, polyaminated phospholipase A2 does not undergo non-covalent dimerization in solution. Polyaminated phospholipase A2 was further purified by chromatofocusing and was found to contain N-mono(gamma-glutamyl)-spermidine in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to phospholipase A2. Freshly purified, polyaminated phospholipase A2 had a specific activity approximately 3-fold higher than that of control phospholipase A2 treated in an identical way except for the absence of transglutaminase. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that transglutaminase catalyzes the incorporation of amines into a phospholipase, and that this post-translational modification increases phospholipase A2 activity.
An Exploration of Why and When Pedestrian Detection Fails

This paper undergoes a finer-grained analysis of current state-of-the-art in pedestrian detection, with the aims of discovering insights into why and when detection fails. Current pedestrian detection research studies are often measured and compared by a single summarizing metric across datasets. The progress in the field is measured by comparing the metric over the years for a given dataset. Nonetheless, this type of analysis may hinder development by ignoring the strengths and limitations of each method as well as the role of dataset-specific characteristics. For the experiments we employ two pedestrian detection datasets, Caltech and KITTI, and highlight their differences. The datasets are used in order to understand in what ways methods fail, and the impact of attributes, occlusion, and other challenges. Finally, the analysis is used to identify promising next steps for researchers.
Edge-colorings avoiding rainbow and monochromatic subgraphs

For two graphs G and H, let the mixed anti-Ramsey numbers, maxR(n;G,H), (minR(n;G,H)) be the maximum (minimum) number of colors used in an edge-coloring of a complete graph with n vertices having no monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to G and no totally multicolored (rainbow) subgraph isomorphic to H. These two numbers generalize the classical anti-Ramsey and Ramsey numbers, respectively. We show that maxR(n;G,H), in most cases, can be expressed in terms of vertex arboricity of H and it does not depend on the graph G. In particular, we determine maxR(n;G,H) asymptotically for all graphs G and H, where G is not a star and H has vertex arboricity at least 3. In studying minR(n;G,H) we primarily concentrate on the case when G=H=K"3. We find minR(n;K"3,K"3) exactly, as well as all extremal colorings. Among others, by investigating minR(n;K"t,K"3), we show that if an edge-coloring of K"n in k colors has no monochromatic K"t and no rainbow triangle, then n=<2^k^t^^^2.
AFM-Based Nanofabrication: Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Verification

Recent developments in science and engineering have advanced the fabrication techniques for micro/nanodevices. Among them, atomic force microscope (AFM) has already been used for nanomachining and fabrication of micro/nanodevices. In this paper, a computational model for AFM-based nanofabrication processes is being developed. Molecular Dynamics (MD) technique is used to model and simulate mechanical indentation and scratching at the nanoscale. The effects of AFM-tip radius and crystal orientation are investigated. The simulation is also used to study the effect of the AFM tip speed on the indentation force at the interface between the tip and the substrate/workpiece The material deformation and indentation geometry are extracted from the final locations of atoms, which are displaced by the rigid indenter. Material properties including modulus of elasticity and hardness are estimated. It is found that properties vary significantly at the nanoscale. AFM is used to conduct actual nanoindentation and scratching, to validate the MD simulation. Qualitative agreement is found. Finally, AFM-based fabrication of nanochannels/nanofluidic devices is conducted using different applied forces, scratching length, and feed rate.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Physiological Solution for Freshwater Crustaceans

Contrary to what we know of the nerve muscle preparation of the frog, the irritability of the nerve of a freshwater crustacean quickly disappears on bathing it in an isotonic sodium chloride solution. For marine crustaceans seawater may be used successfully as a physiological solution. For Astacus fluviatilis, Hoffmann's1 formula, a solution of about twice the concentration of the Ringer solution for the frog, has generally been employed. With such solutions the results with nerve muscle preparations have not been very satisfactory (Hoffmann, Segaar2). With the crustacean heart, however, the results have been better (Potione,3 Lindemann4). An attempt was made to find a better physiological solution for the freshwater crayfish.Two species of freshwater crustaceans, Astacus trowbridgii and Cambarus clarkii were investigated. The freezing point of the blood was determined in order to know the molecular concentration. The amount of the physiologically important ions, Ca, K and Mg was estimated, and finally th...
Writing Across the Curriculum in a College of Business and Economics

A recent study examined how written communication concepts and skills have been integrated into core courses in the College of Business and Economics at California State University, Northridge. Writing-across-the-curriculum programs have met with mixed success. We wanted to see how elements of such a program were working at our university. Through a survey of faculty, we found the pres ence of both formal and informal writing policies, differences in standards for writ ing in upper-division core courses, differences in assignments, differences in assess ment strategies and in the results of such assessments, and, finally, differences in perceptions about whether WAC is a good idea. In general, faculty do provide opportunities for students to write, but many feel students write poorly and thus can handle only easy assignments, and many faculty consider themselves ineffec tive teachers of writing. Based on this study we recommend the implementation of team-taught, interdisciplinary courses; the development ...
Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious anemia virus replication in an Arabian foal with severe combined immunodeficiency: lessons for control of lentiviruses.

Acute infection with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus of horses, results in a persistent high-level viremia in Arabian foals affected with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This observation argues against the idea that the transient nature of acute lentiviral viremia is solely a function of viral population dynamics. To extend these studies, EIAV-specific immune reconstitution was attempted prior to EIAV challenge in two SCID foals, using adoptively transferred virus-stimulated lymphocytes derived from persistently EIAV-infected half sibling donors. Following transfer, lymphocyte engraftment occurred in one foal, and EIAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as neutralizing antibody activity developed. Following a brief period of plasma viremia in this foal, EIAV replication was controlled and plasma virus could not be detected by RT-PCR or culture. These results provide further direct evidence that a specific immune response is required for termination of plasma viremia in acute lentiviral infections.
On the interaction of prior knowledge and stimulus structure in category learning.

Contemporary theories of categorization propose that concepts are coherent in virtue of being embedded in a network of theories about the world. Those theories function to pick out some of the many possible features of a set of objects as most salient for purposes of classification, a process that is complex and still poorly understood (Murphy & Medin, 1985). Part of what makes this account incomplete is a lack of information as to (1) what makes a feature salient on a given occasion and (2) how feature salience interacts with category structure to determine the course of learning. We report on the results of three studies of category learning using complex schematic drawings to show that (1) the contrast set defined by one's initial encounters with category exemplars can be a source of individual differences in feature salience assignments; (2) such effects are short-lived in the face of clear evidence about actual feature diagnosticity; and (3) more robust prior hypotheses interact with category structu...
Targeted therapieën tegen kanker

Boven E, Ossenkoppele GJ. Targeted therapieen tegen kanker. Huisarts Wet 2011;54(5):266–71. Er zijn de afgelopen jaren veel nieuwe medicijnen tegen kanker op de markt gekomen die specifieke signaleringsroutes in tumorcellen gericht blokkeren. Naast deze zogeheten ‘targeted’ therapieen is ook een aantal oude kankermedicijnen in een nieuw jasje gestoken, waardoor zij gemakkelijker kunnen worden toegediend of minder bijwerkingen hebben. De nieuwe therapieen hebben de overleving van kankerpatienten sterk verbeterd, en huisarts zal deze nieuwe of vernieuwde geneesmiddelen dan ook vaker dan vroeger tegenkomen in de dagelijkse praktijk. Dit nascholingsartikel schetst het werkingsmechanisme van de targeted therapieen, geeft een globaal overzicht wanneer en bij welke tumoren zij worden ingezet en laat zien welke bijwerkingen de huisarts zou kunnen tegenkomen.
Wire reinforcement of acrylic resin prostheses.

lhe wishbone fracture of acrylic resin prostheses is a common problem for pedodontic and orthodontic patients.‘.4 In mandibular prostheses, less bulk and the necessity of thinner sections in the anterior region for patient comfort make acrylic resin particularly susceptible to fracture. Two other factors add to the problem: (1) fabrication is usually by the salt-and-pepper technique with autopolymerizing acrylic resin, which is known to produce weaker resin than the heat-cured technique; and (2) many patients in the age groups treated by pedodontists and orthodontists do not comply with instructions on the proper storage and care of prostheses. Various approaches to strengthening acrylic resin prostheses have been suggested, which include modifying or reinforcing the resin. The most common reinforcing technique is the use of solid metal forms embedded in the prostheses, although the reported results have been variable and in disagreement. The increase in strength created by the addition of a lingual bar or stainless steel wire was not thought to be clinically significant by one researcher,’ and another concluded that metal reinforcement was ineffective unless at least 50% of the cross-section was occupied by metal.’ Others report that chromium-cobalt strengtheners had a reinforcing action.2,” This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of commonly available materials to reinforce autopolymerizing acrylic resin.
Localized unit responses in the optic tectum of carp.

Abstract Temporal properties of single unit responses were correlated with the position of the recording electrode in the carp optic tectum. ON, OFF and ON-OFF visual units were encountered. Lesions corresponding to these units were found in all layers of the tectum with the exception of the periventricular gray (stratum griseum periventriculare). The greatest activity was encountered in the inner plexiform region (internal portion of the stratum plexiforme et fibrosum externum), where OFF units predominated. Based on the methods used, there is no apparent segregation of response types into tectal layers.
Totalsynthese des (+)-Tolyporphin-A-O,O-diacetats mit der vorgeschlagenen Struktur

Aus vier monocyclischen Vorstufen gelang die Totalsynthese der fur (+)-Tolyporphin-A-O,O-diacetat vorgeschlagenen Struktur 1-A (X = Ac). Ein Vergleich der spektroskopischen Daten ergab, das das synthetische Tolyporphin-O,O-diacetat nicht mit dem aus naturlichem (+)-Tolyporphin A (X = H) hergestellten O,O-Diacetat ubereinstimmte – eine Korrektur der Struktur dieser Naturstoffklasse war gefordert. Aus einer Reihe von NMR-Experimenten, unter anderem an synthetischen Zwischenprodukten, lies sich als wahrscheinliche Struktur fur den Naturstoff die Struktur 1-B folgern, in der die Konfigurationen der quartaren Kohlenstoffzentren C7 und C17 umgekehrt wie ursprunglich angenommen sind.
The Use of the Talmudic Format for the Presentation of Qualitative Research

In this article, I propose to adapt the Talmud, a Jewish religious text, for the written representation of qualitative research. The form and the style of argumentation in and engendered by the Talmud can be adapted to present qualitative methods in a way that transcends the limitations of conventional formats. In addition, this format requires even greater participation in the act of reading. Because the Talmudic format uniquely addresses the difficulties involved in representing everyday life, I argue that adapting the format of the Talmud is ideal for giving voice, for presenting multiple and competing narratives alongside documents, and for further problematizing any simple notion of truth and authority.
Analysis of Health Education Sections of Health Systems Plans

Health Systems Agencies are required by federal guidelines to plan for and provide educational opportunities for residents of their health service areas. A study was conducted of 9 health education com ponents of health systems plans developed by HSAs in Region III. The health education plans were analyzed and scored using the "Health Education Plan Scorecard" developed by Sullivan and adapted by the present authors. Specifically this modified scorecard consists of eight dimensions of the health education planning process : Involvement, Principles and Practice of Health Education, Defining Problems, Setting Goals and Objectives, Recommending Actions, Obtaining Resources, Planning for Implementa tion, and Planning for Evaluation. Ratings were generally higher on the first five dimensions of the scorecard. The last three dimensions produced lower scores. The overall average score was 41 points out of a possible 100. Thus indicating the general overall low scores received b y the plans. The paper in cludes 1...
Meta-analysis of PvuII, XbaI variants in ESR1 gene and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: The regional European difference

The PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 gene have been reported in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies. However, whether these ESR1 genetic variants can contribute to the risk of AD remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association between ESR1 polymorphisms and the occurrence of AD. Articles were identified by systematic searches in PubMed, Google scholar and Wan Fang Med Online database. The combined odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated within different inherited models. Publication bias tests, subgroup analyses and sensitive analyses were also performed. Overall, the PvuII variant was negatively associated with AD in the Caucasian population (pp vs PP+Pp, OR 0.86, 95%CI (0.76, 0.96)). However, there was a poor association between XbaI polymorphism and AD in European populations. In particular, PvuII variant was found significantly associated with a decreased AD risk in South European samples (pp vs PP+Pp, OR 0.86, 95%CI (0.75, 0.98)). This meta-analysis indicated that regional European differences of ESR1 PvuII polymorphism in the association with the occurrence of AD, which need to be further identified, especially in South European countries.
RTR: a new member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is highly expressed in murine testis

We have identified and cloned a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily from murine testis, referred to as retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor or RTR. Degenerate PCR primers homologous to two conserved regions of the DNA-binding domain of members of this superfamily were employed to identify this gene. The amino-acid sequence of RTR is most closely related to that of the mouse RXRs with an overall identity of 32-34%; the highest similarity (61%) is observed in the DNA-binding domain. Northern blot analysis using RNA from multiple tissues showed that RTR is predominantly expressed in the testis. Northern blot analysis using RNA from different testicular cell types showed that RTR mRNA is not expressed in early germ cells or Sertoli cells but is most abundant in round spermatids. Our observations suggest that this putative transcription factor plays a role in the regulation of gene expression particularly during the post-meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.
Problems posed by in-vitro selection for aluminium-tolerance when using cultivated plant cells

Summary The presence of soluble Al in synthetic medium under different culture conditions, the correlation between Al-, P- and Ca-content in the medium, and the endogenous content of these substances in both cultivated cells and regenerates were investigated. The results show that the standardization and efficiency of in-vitro selection on the cellular level require analysis of the factors that influence selection in order to exclude artefacts. The pH-value is important in view of the availability of the selective agent, Al. The concentration of soluble Al-compounds increased in correlation to the increase of endogenous Al-content of cultivated cells. Regenerate clones that were classed as tolerant following growth tests had a lower concentration of endogenous Al. Al-tolerance of regenerates diminishes after a prolonged phase of subcultivation with Al-free medium. In Al-containing medium a markedly diminished P-concentration can be observed.