cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of adolescent sport specialization and injury mechanism by sex: A secondary analysis.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the association of sport specialization with previous overuse and acute injuries between male and female adolescent athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Questionnaires were completed by adolescent athletes from various sports at sport club summer events in the state of Wisconsin. Adolescent athletes (12–18 years old) who were active in organized sports in the previous year were recruited. The questionnaire contained demographics, sport participation, sport specialization classification, and previous injury history. Sport specialization classification was determined using common methods in sport specialization research. Previous injury was restricted to athletic injuries that occurred in the past year. Results Two-thousand and eleven participants (age = 13.7 ± 1.6 years, females = 989) completed the questionnaire. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report both acute and overuse injuries compared to low specialization athletes. However, this relationship differed by sex, with only moderate and highly specialized females being more likely (Moderate: OR [95%CI] = 1.74 [1.18–2.58], p = 0.005; High: OR [95%CI] = 1.69 [1.14–2.53], p = 0.010) to report an overuse injury compared to low specialization females. Highly specialized female athletes were more likely to report an acute injury (High: OR [95%CI] = 1.46 [1.06–2.02], p = 0.022) compared to low specialization females. Highly specialized male athletes were not associated with overuse or acute injuries. Conclusions Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report acute and overuse injuries. However, when this analysis was separated by sex, only highly specialized females were more likely to report a previous overuse or acute injury.
STEM words and their multiple meanings: the intricacies of asking a clarifying question

Shared understanding is often achieved in communication interactions at the point in which the participants come to an agreement upon meaning. Without shared meaning, misunderstandings can lead to ...
Empirically revisiting and enhancing IR-based test-case prioritization

Test-case prioritization (TCP) aims to detect regression bugs faster via reordering the tests run. While TCP has been studied for over 20 years, it was almost always evaluated using seeded faults/mutants as opposed to using real test failures. In this work, we study the recent change-aware information retrieval (IR) technique for TCP. Prior work has shown it performing better than traditional coverage-based TCP techniques, but it was only evaluated on a small-scale dataset with a cost-unaware metric based on seeded faults/mutants. We extend the prior work by conducting a much larger and more realistic evaluation as well as proposing enhancements that substantially improve the performance. In particular, we evaluate the original technique on a large-scale, real-world software-evolution dataset with real failures using both cost-aware and cost-unaware metrics under various configurations. Also, we design and evaluate hybrid techniques combining the IR features, historical test execution time, and test failure frequencies. Our results show that the change-aware IR technique outperforms stateof-the-art coverage-based techniques in this real-world setting, and our hybrid techniques improve even further upon the original IR technique. Moreover, we show that flaky tests have a substantial impact on evaluating the change-aware TCP techniques based on real test failures.
Work-in-Progress: Emergent Themes from "High Impact" Role Model and Mentor Narratives

This work-in-progress study continues prior work aimed at increasing the access of underrepresented minorities (URMs) in STEM fields to role models and mentors through values-focused, narrative profiles. We developed narrative profiles in which URM role models and majority mentors share their personal and professional experiences. Profile content follows from our work in identifying what URMs in STEM value in role models and mentors, allowing the profiles to serve as a vehicle to encourage URM students working toward STEM degrees. In this paper, we address the following research question: what themes emerge from the comparative analysis of "high-impact" role-model and mentor profiles? Specifically, we use emergent thematic analysis to explore similarities and differences across role model and mentor profiles that are considered "high-impact." We see that high-impact profiles tend to contain longer, more complete narratives that mention challenges in adjusting to their university, self-transcendent reasons for giving back to others and viewing failure as a process. These results will inform future profile development processes. By further refining these windows into the lives of role models and mentors, we can expand the definition of success in STEM and create emergent pathways of resilience for URM students. Through integrating profiles into the recruitment process, orientation, courses, and other campus resources, we can help students connect with role models and mentors as they transition to college life and continue into their future careers. We believe the flexibility and adaptability of this intervention has great potential for impact across STEM contexts.
Generating Related Work.

Communicating new research ideas involves highlighting similarities and differences with past work. Authors write fluent, often long sections to survey the distinction of a new paper with related work. In this work we model generating related work sections while being cognisant of the motivation behind citing papers. Our content planning model generates a tree of cited papers before a surface realization model lexicalizes this skeleton. Our model outperforms several strong state-of-the-art summarization and multi-document summarization models on generating related work on an ACL Anthology (AA) based dataset which we contribute.
A Green-Colored Neonate

A male infant is born at 39 weeks’ gestational age to a 36-year-old woman. This is her second pregnancy and she has a healthy daughter at home with the same partner. This pregnancy has been complicated by advanced maternal age and anti-c antibodies in her serum that cause her indirect Coombs test result to be positive. Her blood type is O Rhesus factor positive and she has antibodies to rubella; she is negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen, and rapid plasma reagin; and she is not colonized with group B Streptococcus . She is followed by the maternal fetal medicine obstetricians. Prenatal ultrasonography reveals a middle cerebral artery velocity of 1.37 multiples of median 3 days before the delivery. She does not require any per umbilical blood sampling or fetal intrauterine red cell transfusion during the pregnancy. The father’s blood type is O with Cc antigens on his red cells. The infant is born via the vaginal route, requires no resuscitation in the delivery room, and has Apgar scores of 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes of age, respectively. His birthweight is 3,200 g (38th percentile), length is 50 cm (45th percentile), and occipitofrontal circumference is 34 cm (36th percentile). His physical examination findings are normal and he has no pallor, jaundice, edema, or hepatosplenomegaly. His blood type is O Rhesus factor positive and direct Coombs test result is positive. Anti-c antibody is eluted from his serum. He is noted to have jaundice at 6 hours of age and his total bilirubin is 12.4 mg/dL (212 µmol/L). Intense phototherapy is started as per the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. His bilirubin increases progressively and reaches 14 mg/dL (239 µmol/L) at 24 hours of age despite the intense phototherapy …
American Academy of Neurology Code of Professional Conduct.

The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) developed the Code of Professional Conduct to formalize the standards of professional behavior for AAN members to help them in their pursuit of providing the highest quality of patient-centered neurologic care. The goal of this code is to establish the professional standards that AAN members must or should observe in their clinical, academic, scientific, and personal activities.
The Vasa … the R100 … the R101

A battleship of the early 1600s is a tourist attraction in Stockholm harbor. She must have been a gorgeous sight when she was new, brilliantly decorated with pennants and carved escutcheons and statues of lions and mythical beasts, kings and emperors, Hercules and other ancient heroes, mermaids, cherubs playing musical instruments — all gilded and brightly painted. In making the warship ready for battle, nothing was spared to make her a symbol of the power and wealth and dignity of the Swedish Crown. She is the Vasa, named for Sweden’s Royal House when she was built.
Granular cell myoblastoma of multicentric origin involving the vulva: A case report☆

Abstract A case report is presented of a granular cell myoblastoma of multicentric origin and occurring in the vulva.
RNA polymerase bound to the PR promoter of bacteriophage λ inhibits open complex formation at the divergently transcribed PRM promoter : implications for an indirect mechanism of transcriptional activation by λ repressor

Abstract We demonstrate that RNA polymerase bound at the PR promoter of bacteriophage lambda can repress transcription initiation from the divergently transcribed PRM promoter in vitro. Using abortive initiation and run-off transcription experiments we show that inactivating mutations introduced into either the −10 or −35 regions of PR result in a significant increase in the rate of formation of transcriptionally competent complexes at the PRM promoter. This is due primarily to an increase in the rate constant for the isomerization of closed to open complexes. Gel shift and DNase I footprinting experiments were employed to further define the mechanism by which PR sequences mediate PRM repression. From these assays we were able to conclude that the formation of an open complex at the PR promoter did not exclude RNA polymerase from binding at PRM. Rather, initiation at PRM was impaired because closed complexes must isomerize in the presence of an open complex already situated at the PR promoter. Extensive evidence has been obtained previously indicating that lambda repressor activates transcription directly by contacting RNA polymerase situated at the PRM promoter. Results presented here raise the possibility that an additional mechanism could be operative, whereby lambda repressor indirectly activates PRM transcription by excluding RNA polymerase from the PR promoter.
The pathway of myo-inositol degradation in Aerobacter aerogenes. Dehydrogenation and dehydration.

Abstract The enzymes responsible for the first two steps in the degradation of myo-inositol by Aerobacter aerogenes were identified and isolated from extracts of a "constitutive" mutant, that is, a strain containing high levels of these enzymes even when grown in an inositol-free medium. The enzyme catalyzing the initial step, the dehydrogenation of myo-inositol, is strongly inhibited by its product. It could be shown that the dehydrogenation involves the transfer of a hydrogen from carbon atom 2 of the inositol ring to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; the product is therefore 2-keto-myo-inositol. The second step is the dehydration of 2-keto-myo-inositol. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is unstable when exposed to oxygen, and requires glutathione and Co++ or Mn++ for maximal activity; its product was identified as d-2,3-diketo-4-deoxy-epi-inositol. This compound can be reduced by myo-inositol dehydrogenase in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to a ketodeoxyinositol. However, this reaction does not appear to be involved in the degradation of myo-inositol.
Cloning and Tissue Specific Expression of the Axolotl Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein

The CRABP gene encodes a cellular retinoic acid binding protein which is believed to mediate the teratogenic and pattern altering effects of retinoic acid (RA) on developing and regenerating systems. As a first step in examining the role of CRABP in transducing the effects of RA in the regenerating urodele limb, we have isolated with PCR three partial cDNAs which encode the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) cellular retinoic acid binding protein (aCRABP) and analyzed its expression in various tissues by Northern analysis. Sequence analysis of the clones revealed a high degree of nucleotide and deduced amino acid homology with mammalian and avian CRABP I, showing the highest homology with mouse CRABP I (79% & 85%, respectively). The results of Northern analysis show that aCRABP I codes for a single μ 1.3 kb transcript. A strong signal is observed in the RNA of stage 40 axolotl embryos and larval brain, whereas a weaker signal is detected in the larval heart, and muscle-skin of limbs. No message is detected in larval spleen, liver, or several stages of limb regeneration blastemas. The absence of aCRABP I message in the limb regeneration blastema suggests that CRABP II or another isoform is responsible for the observed RA binding activity of these tissues.
The metabolism of histone fractions. VI. Differences in the phosphorylation of histone fractions during the cell cycle.

Abstract Phosphorylation of histone fractions in the presence and absence of DNA synthesis was measured using the new “isoleucine-limiting” method for synchronizing Chinese hamster cells in early G 1 -phase. Using preparative electrophoresis, histone f1 phosphorylation was found to be dependent upon cell-cycle position, being absent in G 1 -arrested and G 1 -traversing cells and active in the S-phase. The absence of f1 phosphorylation in G 1 -arrested cells, which are known to exhibit f1 turnover, indicates that f1 phosphorylation is not an obligatory part of the f1 turnover process. In contrast to histone f1, it was found that histone f2a2 phosphorylation is independent of cell-cycle position, occurring with equal magnitude in the G 1 -traversing state when DNA synthesis is essentially absent and in the S-phase when DNA synthesis is active. When cells were arrested in the G 1 -state by isoleucine deprivation, f2a2 phosphorylation continued to be active, occurring at 56% of the rate observed in the G 1 -traversing state. These results indicate that phosphorylation of histone f2a2 is independent of f2a2 synthesis, independent of DNA synthesis, and independent of histone f1 phosphorylation. Because f2a2 is actively phosphorylated in G 1 -arrested cells known to be active in the synthesis of various types of RNA (including messenger) as well as in G 1 -traversing and S-phase cells, we feel that phosphorylation of histone f2a2 should continue to be considered in models concerning activation of DNA template activity.
Can Dupont Analysis Be Used in Assessment of Profitability Performance in the Health Care Industry

This study investigates the usefulness of the information contained in the DuPont Financial Analysis Model for the health care industry equity analysts and stock market investors. By decomposing return on assets into profit margin (PM) and asset turnover (ATO), DuPont analysis allows different market participants to use financial statements in order to extract valuable information about future earnings, equity returns etc. We find that change in ATO is useful in predicting future hospital profitability performance. However, we find that PM, rather than ATO, has relatively more explanatory power in explaining stock returns, unexpected stock returns, and future abnormal returns, suggesting that PM is in general more persistent than ATO. This study contributes to current literature in two ways: (1) it extends the use of DuPont analysis to the health care environment where such analysis is noticeably lacking; and (2) it expands our understanding about the persistence of DuPont components associated with market investors’ use of accounting information within a heavily government regulated health care industry.
Eager normal form bisimulation

This paper describes two new bisimulation equivalences for the pure untyped call-by-value /spl lambda/-calculus, called enf bisimilarity and enf bisimilarity up to /spl eta/. They are based on eager reduction of terms to eager normal form (enf), analogously to co-inductive bisimulation characterizations of Levy-Longo tree equivalence and Bohm tree equivalence (up to /spl eta/). We argue that enf bisimilarity is the call-by-value analogue of Levy-Longo tree equivalence. Enf bisimilarity (up to /spl eta/) is the congruence on source terms induced by the call-by-value CPS transform and Bohm tree equivalence (up to /spl eta/) on target terms. Enf bisimilarity and enf bisimilarity up to /spl eta/ enjoy powerful bisimulation proof principles which, among other things, can be used to establish a retraction theorem for the call-by-value CPS transform.
Design and Management of Multimedia Information Systems: Opportunities and Challenges

Multimedia technology has the potential to transform end-user computing from interactive text and graphics models into something more compatible with the digital and electronic world of the 21st century. This work aims to help technology professionals gain an understanding and perspective on areas related to multimedia computing and communication, while addressing the major issues and challenges in the design and management of multimedia information systems. Topics covered include the development of multimedia systems and applications, use of multimedia standards, temporal issues, legal issues, media content management and multimedia document retrieval issues.
Embedded system design issues (the rest of the story)

Many embedded systems have substantially different design constraints than desktop computing applications. No single characterization applies to the diverse spectrum of embedded systems. However, some combination of cost pressure, long life-cycle, real-time requirements, reliability requirements, and design culture dysfunction can make it difficult to successfully apply traditional computer design methodologies and tools to embedded applications. Embedded systems in many cases must be optimized for life-cycle and business-driven factors rather than for maximum computing throughput. There is currently little tool support for expanding embedded computer design to the scope of holistic embedded system design. However, knowing the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches can set expectations appropriately, identify risk areas to tool adopters, and suggest ways in which tool builders can meet industrial needs.
Royal paternalism and the moral economy in the reign of Edward II: the response to the Great Famine

This article contains the first systematic discussion of Edward II's response to the famine of 1315–17, the most severe of the middle ages. While there had been earlier famines, that of 1315–17 produced the earliest surviving evidence of official attempts at remedial actions. Those included the enforcement of traditional regulatory measures such as the assizes of ale and weights and measures, and efforts to regulate brewing by preventing the use of wheat and limiting the amount of barley used. In addition, the government acted to encourage the import of grain and imposed prohibitions on export that were explicitly justified by scarcity and high prices. English bishops were urged to encourage those who were hoarding grain to hold only enough for themselves and their families and sell the rest. While it is unclear whether government actions had much effect, it is difficult to imagine under fourteenth-century conditions that any government had the means or measures to respond effectively to famine. Nonetheless, some of the measures taken by Edward II's government, especially export prohibition and attempts to persuade or compel those with supplies of grain to sell it, had a long future ahead of them.
A Compiler Transformation to Overlap Communication with Dependent Computation

Hiding communication latency is essential toachieve scalable performance on current and future parallelsystems. In this extended abstract, we present a novel compilertransformation that overlaps communication with computationto hide communication latency. Unlike prior work, we are ableto achieve this overlap even in the presence of an overlap-inhibitingdata dependence between the communication andcomputation. We do so by transforming the data dependenceinto an overlap-amenable one. To achieve this overlap, theMaunam compiler transforms the code by employing arrayexpansion, partial loop peeling, loop alignment, and arraycontraction. This transformation is useful for optimization ofsystolic, communication avoiding algorithms
Rapid spectrophotometric determination of p-nitrophenylpropionate esterase activity in rat tissues

Abstract A rapid and accurate method for the estimation of p -nitrophenyl-propionate esterase activity in rat tissue homogenates is described. The assay involves the continuous spectrophotometric measurement of the reaction product, p -nitrophenol. The time required for one determination is about 30 sec. The results obtained are compared with those reported in the literature.
Tritium oxide uptake by algae: An independent measure of phytoplankton photosynthesis1

A new method for estimating algal productivity using tritium oxide shows close agreement with the /sup 14/C--CO/sub 2/ uptake and O/sub 2/ evolution techniques, with acceptably low error, and can also be used under conditions where conventional methods are inappropriate.
Application of Current Algebra and Partially Conserved Axial-Vector Current to the Weak B B π Vertex

The Sugawara-Suzuki treatment of nonleptonic hyperon decays is extended to include the weak $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=0$ parity-violating $B{B}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ vertex, where $B$ is a member of the baryon octet. This vertex gives rise to parity-violating effects in strong and electromagnetic interactions of hypernuclei. It is shown that analogs of the Lee-Sugawara relation may be derived which relate the various $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=0$ amplitudes to one another and to the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=1 S$-wave amplitudes. These relations are used to calculate the one-pion-exchange contribution to the parity-violating internucleon potential.
Building tribal community support for technology access

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarize the impact of a grant to fund staffing part‐time technology staff at centers on six reservations in Arizona, USA. The grant was designed to determine whether tribal communities would be able to support part‐time technology staff positions at the end of a one‐year funding period.Design/methodology/approach – Evaluation of the grant was conducted through on‐site visits, interviews with technology staff, grant managers, student interns, and selected American Indian patrons of the technology sites.Findings – Results indicate that a successful technology training site was dependent on several factors, including the personality and dedication of the technology staff, the location of the center, and the customized services provided. Nine recommendations from the study are identified, including the establishment of state‐level advisory and financial support, sharing of information among sites, building local capacity, continuing education for technology staff, c...
Adaptive Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 During the Natural Course of Infection

The rate of progression to disease varies considerably among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Analyses of semiannual blood samples obtained from six infected men showed that a rapid rate of CD4 T cell loss was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the HIV-1 quasispecies virus population. More moderate rates of CD4 T cell loss correlated with genetic evolution within three of four subjects. Consistent with selection by the immune constraints of these subjects, amino acid changes were apparent within the appropriate epitopes of human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, the evolutionary dynamics exhibited by the HIV-1 quasispecies virus populations under natural selection are compatible with adaptive evolution.
Enthalpies of formation for Group IV selenides (GeSe2, GeSe2(am), SnSe, SnSe2, PbSe) by direct-combination drop calorimetry

Abstract We have determined the enthalpies of formation for GeSe 2 (cr), SnSe 2 (cr), SnSe(cr), and PbSe(cr) and for amorphous GeSe 2 using direct-combination drop calorimetry. Our results are as follows: Δ f H o m (GeSe 2 , cr, 298 K) = − 84.4 ± 1.8 kJ mol −1 , Δ f H o m (GeSe 2 , am, 298 K) = − 76.5 ± 1.0 kJ mol −1 , Δ f H o m (SnSe 2 , cr, 298 K) = − 126.9 ± 1.6 kJ mol −1 , Δ H o m (SnSe, cr, 298 K) = − 93.8 ± 3.3 kJ mol −1 , and Δ f H o m (PbSe, cr, 298 K) = − 96.3 ± 1.1 kJ mol −1 . From our results for Δ f H o m (GeSe 2 , cr, 298 K) and Δ f H o m (GeSe 2 , am, 298 K), we have calculated the enthalpy of the process GeSe 2 (am)→GeSe 2 (cr) to be (−7.9±2.1) kJ mol −1 .
A time-optimal multiple-query nearest-neighbor algorithm on meshes with multiple broadcasting

The multiple-query nearest-neighbor (MQNN) problem is stated as follows: given a set S of n points in plane and a set Q of m(1≤m≤n) query points, determine for every point in Q its closest neighbor in S. Besides the pure theoretical interest, this problem has many practical applications in various areas such as: computer graphics, pattern recognition and image processing. First, this paper proposes a new time-optimal algorithm to solve the all nearest-neighbor (ANN) problem in time on a mesh-connected computer of size . Next, using this result in conjunction with the generalized multiple search (GMS) paradigm of Bokka et al.3,5 we devise a time-optimal algorithm that solves the MQNN problem in time on a mesh with multiple broadcasting (MMB) of size .
PAG-based Photodyanmic Therapy in Cancer Cells

We report custom-made photoacid generators (PAGs) that produced a pH drop within HCT 116 cells via one- or two-photon absorption, an alternative PDT modality to selectively induce cell death in oxygen-deprived tissue such as tumors.
Unlocking the secrets of locked-in syndrome.

Your patient depends on you for all of her basic needs. Help her and her family cope by providing emotional support and teaching them how to communicate.
Establishment and persistence of Baculovirus penaei infections in cultured Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

Abstract The time course for establishment of a baculovirus (BP) infection and the persistence of infections in larvae and postlarvae of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei was investigated. In two preliminary studies, postlarvae were inoculated with BP and the prevalence of infections was monitored over 138- and 73-day periods. Viral polyhedra characteristic of patent infections first appeared 24 hr after inoculation, were present in all shrimp examined 14–17 days postinoculation (p.i.), and then decreased in prevalence during the remainder of each study. BP infections could not be detected by in situ hybridization in shrimp collected during the final day of each study. In a third and more comprehensive study, PCR-based diagnostic procedures were used to detect BP in experimentally infected shrimp over a 120-day period. In that study, BP was first detected in viral exposed mysis stage shrimp 12 hr p.i., was present in all shrimp examined by 72 hr p.i., and decreased in prevalence during the remainder of the study. BP infections could not be detected by PCR-based diagnostics in shrimp collected on the final day of the study. Only 1 of 10 previously infected shrimp collected at 31 days p.i. and diagnosed for BP by bioassay was infected. Results of this study indicate similarities between P. vannamei and some species of insects in the time required for establishment and loss of a patent baculovirus infection.
Hygromycin B Antibody Production and Characterization by a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor

Sensitive and accurate methods are needed for the detection of hygromycin B antibiotic in fluids and tissues of farm animals. Sheep antisera were produced from hygromycin B−keyhole limpet hemocyanin and were screened with immunodiffusion, ELISA, and fluorescent latex assays. The antisera were evaluated with the BIAcore, a surface plasmon resonance biosensor, for their binding properties without using signal-generating labels. Hygromycin B was immobilized on the sensor chip, and the capture (binding) of the antibody resulted in a proportional increase in mass. Evaluation of the association (ka) and dissociation rate (kd) contants showed that one antibody had an affinity constant (ka/kd) of 1.64E+10. The binding capacities and antisera specificity were determined using a competitive binding of the added drug and hygromycin sensor, detecting hygromycin B from 2.5 ng/mL to 5 mg/mL. Neomycin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, and streptomycin (1000 times above safe levels) had negligible binding ...
A recombinase paralog from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus enhances SsoRadA ssDNA binding and strand displacement

Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks, a highly deleterious form of DNA damage. The main catalytic protein in HR is the essential RecA-family recombinase, which is conserved across all three domains of life. Eukaryotes and archaea encode varying numbers of proteins paralogous to their main recombinase. Although there is increasing evidence for the functions of some of these paralog proteins, overall their mechanism of action remains largely unclear. Here we present the first biochemical characterization of one of the paralog proteins, SsoRal3, from the crenarchaeaon Sulfolobus solfataricus. The SsoRal3 protein is a ssDNA-dependent ATPase that can catalyze strand invasion at both saturating and subsaturating concentrations. It can bind both ssDNA and dsDNA, but its binding preference is altered by the presence or absence of ATP. Addition of SsoRal3 to SsoRadA nucleoprotein filaments reduces total ATPase activity. Subsaturating concentrations of SsoRal3 increase the ssDNA binding activity of SsoRadA approximately 9-fold and also increase the persistence of SsoRadA catalyzed strand invasion products. Overall, these results suggest that SsoRal3 functions to stabilize the SsoRadA presynaptic filament.
A Stochastic Equilibrium Model of an Open Economy Under Flexible Exchange Rates

I. Setup of the model, 149. — II. Determination of the exchange rate and the expected future exchange rate, 154. — III. Effects of exogenous variables, 156. — IV. Incomplete current information, 159. — V. Concluding remarks, 161.
Geometric idealizer rings

Let B = B(X, , σ) be the twisted homogeneous coordinate ring of a projective variety X over an algebraically closed field k. We construct and investigate a large class of interesting and highly noncommutative noetherian subrings of B. Specifically, let Z be a closed subscheme of X and let I ⊆ B be the corresponding right ideal of B. We study the subalgebra R = k + I of B. Under mild conditions on Z and σ ∈ Aut K (X), R is the idealizer of I in B: the maximal subring of B in which I is a two-sided ideal. Our main result gives geometric conditions on Z and σ that determine the algebraic properties of R. We say that {σ n (Z)} is critically transverse if for any closed subscheme Y of Z, for |n| ≫ 0 the sub-schemes Y and σ n (Z) are homologically transverse. We show that if {σ n (Z)} is critically transverse, then R is left and right noetherian, has finite left and right cohomological dimension, is strongly right noetherian but not strongly left noetherian, and satisfies right χ d (where d = codim Z) but fails left χ1. This generalizes results of Rogalski in the case that Z is a point in ℙ d . We also give an example of a right noetherian ring with infinite right cohomological dimension, partially answering a question of Stafford and Van den Bergh. Further, we study the geometry of critical transversality and show that it is often generic behavior, in a sense that we make precise.
A cytotoxic carotenoid from the marine sponge Prianos osiros.

Investigations of the marine sponge Prianos osiros, collected in Pohnpei, gave a new cytotoxic acetylenic carotenoid, (3R,3‘R,5S)-3,3‘,5,19‘-tetrahydroxy-7‘,8‘-didehydro-γ,e-carotene-8-one. The abs...
Dialysis-induced changes in muscle strength.

Little is known about the acute effects of hemodialysis on muscle strength. Rapid changes in hemodynamic and biochemical parameters are known to occur during dialysis and may alter muscle performance. Ten patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis had measurements of quadriceps muscle and handgrip strength performed before and after dialysis In seven of these patients maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PI max and PE max respectively) were similarly determined. Quadriceps muscle strength improved in 6 patients, decreased in 3 and remained unchanged in 1. Handgrip strength increased in 5 patients, decreased in 3, and remained unchanged in 1. PI max decreased in 6 patients and increased in 1, and PE max decreased in 4 patients and increased in 3. No significant correlation was found between the changes in strength of the tested muscle groups and the serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphous, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, changes in blood pressure or fluid balance. The ...
Further Delineation of the Kapur―Toriello Syndrome

The Kapur-Toriello syndrome (KTS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, with presumed autosomal recessive inheritance based on the initial report of affected siblings. Here we report on a female with multiple anomalies, including cleft lip and palate, coloboma, mental retardation with cerebral atrophy, and imperforate anus who, upon re-evaluation at 30 months, was recognized to have a columella that extended below the nares. This distinctive finding prompted the diagnosis of KTS. This is the 5th report of KTS, and the second female. Interestingly, both female cases also manifest an ano/rectal malformation, suggesting that this should be considered a component manifestation of this rare syndrome.
Worshipping Weeds: The Parable of the Tares, the Rhetoric of Ecology, and the Origins of Agrarian Exceptionalism in Early America

AbstractA careful consideration of how colonial and early Americans discussed weeds lends insight into the ways that common settlers aligned agricultural expectations with ecological realities. Cur...
Achieving Growth and Responsiveness: Process Management and Market Orientation in Small Firms*

Achieving a consistent market orientation is a challenge for entrepreneurial manufacturers. This research seeks improved understanding of how internal process management assists and hinders small growing manufacturers in achieving the responsiveness component of a market orientation. Under process management, firms implement internal systems, procedures, and performance measures to improve performance and responsiveness to changing markets. Benefits include improved market sensing, two-way communication, and coordinated responses to market demands. Despite the potential benefits, researchers question whether the internal structure and control of process management will improve responsiveness in entrepreneurial firms. Process management may conflict with the organizational cultures, agility, and responsiveness of entrepreneurial companies. Research results identify how process management assists and hinders the responsiveness component of market orientation in small manufacturers. Management implications and strategies for coping with growth challenges are presented.
Percutaneous Placement of an Intercostal Central Venous Catheter for Chronic Hyperalimentation Guided by Transhepatic Venography

Background and Methods: Increased utilization of central venous catheters for hyperalimentation has caused a rise in the incidence of central venous complications including occlusions and stenoses. When this occurs, the continued use of these catheters becomes more difficult. We describe a technique for catheter placement in a patient requiring access for total parenteral nutrition who had extensive central venous occlusion involving both internal jugular veins, both subclavian veins, and the infrorenal inferior vena cava (IVC). Results: A percutaneous transhepatic venous catheter had been placed in a patient with inferior vena caval, subclavian, and internal jugular venous occlusions. The Hickman catheter functioned well until the patient developed fungal sepsis and a large fibrin sheath around the catheter tip creating the need for a new access site. Placement of an intercostal venous catheter was performed using transhepatic venography to map patent collateral veins and microcatheters to access an intercostal route for Hickman placement. Conclusions: Patients who require long-term central venous access often develop stenotic and occlusive complications in the central venous circulation. Individualized, unique and innovative routes to the central venous circulation must often be utilized to maintain venous access in these patients. Transhepatic venous mapping and microcatheter techniques aid in the finding of alternative sites in these patients with difficult access problems.
Spherical self-dual monopoles with maximal embedding in subgroups

Solutions for a spherically symmetric self-dual monopole are derived for the case where the SU (2) subgroup which implements the spherical symmetry is maximal in a simple subgroup of the overall gauge group. For these solutions the relation between the asymptotic $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{B}}$ field and the asymptotic Higgs field is discussed.
Leaders as eponyms: Individual and situational determinants of ruler eminence.

The eponymic theory of leadership maintains that the eminence of rulers depends on their utility as historical labels without regard for their personal attributes. The explanatory scope of this interpretation was tested, for methodological reasons, on a sample of 342 European hereditary monarchs. In support of eponymic theory: (a) About two-thirds of the variance in leader eminence can be ascribed to the number of significant events occurring during the leader's tenure in office; (b) events with positive and negative social valence carry approximately equal and positive weight; (c) events over which the leader exerts considerable control have about the same weight as those over which personal control is virtually nonexistent; and (d) the effects of epochcentric bias and reign span are mediated by the number of significant events. But qualifying eponymic theory: (a) Eminence is not determined solely by the event tabulations (e.g., leader frame is a J-curve function of intelligence and a U-curve function of morality); (b) the number of events is not exclusively accounted for by reign span; and (c) reign span is not solely a function of life span (e.g., reign span is a positive linear function of assessed leadership). The results endorse a form of the theory in which some provision is made for intellectual and personality factors.
Abstract 1826: Anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and risk of lymphoid neoplasms in a large US cohort

Body size, height, and physical inactivity are known to alter immune function and have been hypothesized to increase risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, results of other studies are inconsistent and whether these relationships vary by histologic subtypes of NHL is not well-documented. Therefore, we examined measures of body size (BMI, adult weight gain, and BMI at age 18), height, physical activity, and sitting time in relation to risk of NHL overall and within the major subtypes (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), and multiple myeloma (MM)) in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence and mortality, using information obtained at baseline in 1992. From 1992-2007, 2000 incident NHL cases were identified among 150,189 men and women who were cancer-free at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) while adjusting for potential confounders. Obese men and women (BMI > 30) had a 20% higher incidence of all NHL (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.37) compared to normal weight individuals (BMI 18.5- Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1826.
The simultaneous determination of lidocaine and procainamide in serum by use of high pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract This report describes an accurate, sensitive rapid procedure for the determination of lidocaine and procainamide at therapeutic concentrations in serum. The drugs and an added internal standard (procaine) are extracted from serum using charcoal adsorption. The analysis is carried out by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse-phase column using buffered aqueous acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Chromatography is complete in 10 min.C.V. values of 10% and 6% for concentrations of 1 mg/1 and 20 mg/1, respectively, are attainable routinely. Total analysis time is 15 min.
A first-principles model for orificed hollow cathode operation

A theoretical model describing orificed hollow cathode discharge is presented. The approach adopted is based on a purely analytical formulation founded on first principles. The present model predicts the emission surface temperature and plasma properties such as electron temperature, number densities and plasma potential. In general, good agreements between theory and experiment are obtained. Comparison of the results with the available related experimental data shows a maximum difference of 10 percent in emission surface temperature, 20 percent in electron temperature and 35 percent in plasma potential. In case of the variation of the electron number density with the discharge current a maximum discrepancy of 36 percent is obtained. However, in the case of the variation with the cathode internal pressure, the predicted electron number density is higher than the experimental data by a maximum factor of 2.
Dimorphism and Patellofemoral Disorders

Sex is defined as the classification of living things according to their chromosomal compliment. Gender is defined as a person's self-representation as a male or female or how social institutions respond to that person on the basis of his or her gender presentation. One frequently divides the topic or dimorphism into the biologic response inherent in their sex and the environmental response that might be better termed "gender differences." Clinicians have anecdotally agreed for years that patellofemoral disorders are more common in women. Given the difficulty in classifying patellofemoral disorders, literature support for this assumption is meager. For the purposes of this article we divide patellofemoral disorders into three categories: patellofemoral pain, patellofemoral instability, and patellofemoral arthritis. possible sex difference in these disorders are reviewed.
Assessment of the Efficacy of Activated Charcoal Following Gastric Lavage in Acute Drug Emergencies

The efficacy of administering a slurry of 100 g of activated charcoal (AC) via the gastric tube following lavage was assessed in 25 treated and 37 control patients presenting to the emergency room with chemical evidence of sedative-hypnotics or aspirin in the blood. Efficacy was evaluated as the ability of AC to prevent further absorption as determined by subsequent blood drug concentration changes. Although fewer patients in the AC group showed increased blood drug concentrations, the differences were not statistically significant. Comparison of the mean percent change in blood drug concentrations at various times following treatment produced similar results. Comparisons using subgroups of patients based on the individual drugs, the treatment delay time, and entering functional decompensation showed significant benefit from AC only in the less symptomatic patients. Comparing these results with other studies demonstrating the unequivocal efficacy of early (e.g., 30 min) treatment, it is concluded that the use of AC following lavage may often be too late to benefit most patients. The authors suggest that AC be given in the home, emergency vehicle, or immediately upon admission.
Advances in refrigeration and freezing of meat and meat products

Abstract The refrigeration technology used by the US meat industry is discussed. A need for new technology has resulted from the poor handling of products such as livers and kidneys, the demand for leaner beef, and the introduction of the process where meat is removed from unchilled carcasses (hot boning).
Localization of glutamine accumulation and tubular reabsorption in rat nephron

Localization of glutamine accumulation and tubular reabsorption in rat nephron. Glutamine accumulation in rat kidney was investigated by giving large loads of glutamate and aspartate and measuring glutamine changes in seven completely defined portions of the nephron and in small patches from the thin limb area and from the papilla. Both glutamate and aspartate (which is partly coverted to glutamate) caused increases up to sixfold in glutamine, which were mainly confined to the proximal straight tubule. Plasma glutamine is minimally affected. In contrast, large glutamine loads doubled plasma glutamine and caused about a doubling of glutamine concentrations in all parts of the nephron, but resulted in no greater change in the proximal straight tubule than elsewhere. Simultaneous inulin and glutamine measurements make it seem likely that the proximal convoluted tubule is a major site of glutamine reabsorption. The low glutamine concentrations in these cells (only 40% higher than that in plasma) indicate a very small gradient at the antiluminal surface. We suggest that the proximal straight tubule is the major site of glutamine synthesis but that it may not be an important site of glutamine breakdown.
Measurements of line positions, intensities, and collisional air-broadening coefficients in the HNO3 7.5-μm band using a computer-controlled tunable diode laser spectrometer

Abstract A computer-controlled tunable diode laser spectrometer has been used to measure line positions, absorption intensities, and collisional air-broadening coefficients in selected regions of the ν3 and ν4 bands of HNO3. From analysis of room-temperature and low-temperature spectra for the spectral intervals studied, average air-broadening coefficients were determined to be 0.11 cm−1/atm at 295 K and 0.14 cm−1/atm at 214 K. Line positions are reported with a mean uncertainty of 0.0008 cm−1, which should aid efforts to obtain a complete rotational analysis of the HNO3 ν3 and ν4 bands.