cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interoperability Between Non Conventional Instrument Transformers (NCIT) and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IDE)

Further to papers presented two years ago, at the IEEE T&D in Dallas, on non conventional instrument transformers (NCIT), advancement of the interoperability between sensors and processes are updated. Electronic technology has dramatically evolved in the last decade and the consequence is the generalization of digital designs for merging-units (MU) and intelligent electronic devices (IDE). Digital apparatus are an obvious improvement in output accuracy. These digital apparatus offer many potential advantages and are expected to grow in importance in the next decade
Comparison of theoretical and observed sodium D2 line profiles for two late-type dwarfs

For many years the Ca II H and K lines and the Mg II h and k lines have been used as chromospheric diagnostics to compute semi-empirical model chromospheres for late-type stars. However, since Johnson (1964) showed that the Na I D1 and D2 lines are collision-controlled in the atmospheres of late-type stars, only a few researchers have studied the detailed NLTE formation of these lines. Here I summarize such a study for the two stars, EQ Vir (dK5e) and Gliese 616.2 (dM1.5e). A detailed discussion of this research can be found in Boice (1985). High resolution observations of the D lines for these two stars have been obtained at the KPNO 4-meter Mayall telescope using the echelle spectrometer with a resolution of 0.158A at D2. 11 refs.
Estrogen Mustard Induces Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

OBJECTIVE: Pharmacologic disruption of microtubule function may provide effective therapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, as has been observed in clinical trials using taxol. However, the limited availability of taxol and taxol's side effects emphasize a need to develop alternative antimicrotubule agents. Estramustine (EM) inhibits binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to microtubules, promotes microtubule disassembly, disrupts spindle formation, and induces metaphase arrest in human prostate carcinoma and glioma cells in culture. We studied the effect of EM on DNA synthesis and on the cell cycle in four human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and examined the cell lines for evidence of MAP-like immunoreactivity. METHODS: The effect of EM on DNA synthesis and on the cell cycle was determined using [3H]thymidine incorporation assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Microtubule-associated protein-like immunoreactivity was determined using monoclonal antibodies directed against MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 2(2A + 2B) for Western analysis after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: We demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory response to EM in BIXLER, DK2NMA, and SKOV3. BIX3 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory response to EM concentrations from 25 micrograms/mL to 100 micrograms/mL, but a stimulatory response at 10 micrograms/mL. Estramustine inhibited exponentially growing cells by causing mitotic arrest with subsequent accumulation of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle in all four cell lines. We found MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 2-like immunoreactivity in all four cells lines studied. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with a MAP-microtubule mechanism of action for EM in ovarian carcinoma cells and provide reason to conduct further study of EM for potential use in the treatment of human epithelial ovarian cancer.
An extension of Integrated Services with active networking for providing quality of service in networks with long-range dependent traffic

Although today's network capacity is increasing exponentially, new applications are demanding higher and higher bandwidth. The available bandwidth always seems to be less than the new applications require. This tendency results in congested networks and packet losses, and we can expect this to continue into the foreseeable future. Congestion can be caused by several factors. The most dangerous cause of congestion is the burstiness of the network traffic. Recent results make it evident that high-speed network traffic is more bursty, and its variability cannot be predicted, as was assumed previously. It has been shown that network traffic has similar statistical properties on many time scales. Traffic that is bursty on many or all time scales can be described statistically using the notion of long-range dependency. Long-range-dependent traffic has observable bursts on all time scales. Factors such as traffic burstiness make providing quality of service (QoS) in high-speed networks increasingly important. QoS implies mechanisms to avoid congestion by allocating network resources optimally, rather than continually increasing network capacities. The objective of our paper is to present an extension of a QoS mechanism called Integrated Services (IntServ) with active networking in networks with long-range-dependent traffic.
Using text mining to uncover students' technology‐related problems in live video streaming

Because of their capacity to sift through large amounts of data, text mining and data mining are enabling higher education institutions to reveal valuable patterns in students' learning behaviours without having to resort to traditional survey methods. In an effort to uncover live video streaming (LVS) students' technology related-problems and to improve their learning experience, we applied text mining to data culled from LVS interactions. Our findings revealed low LVS student participation, which triggered us to initiate several actions to promote more active student participation. Our findings support previous studies regarding the effectiveness of data mining in transforming raw educational data into knowledge and decision-making tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Molecular and Cellular Concepts in Toxicology

Toxins and toxicants that modify cellular or molecular processes can have repercussions throughout the organism. These interactions can be common to all cell types, or may reflect unique targets or unique bioactivations that are to be found in limited subpopulations of cells. The consequences of these modifications will produce a host of different changes. These changes can be characterized by measurements of transcription factor activity, gene expression at the RNA or protein level, by cellular molecular responses that attempt to re-establish homoeostasis, and by the consequences to cellular organelle structure and function. This chapter provides an overview of the inter-relationships between toxicant effect and cellular response, and also describes current technologies that can be used to assess the myriad of changes that may characterize toxin and toxicant exposure at the molecular and cellular levels. Keywords: apoptosis; necrosis; signal transduction; molecular stress response; metallothionein; heat-shock proteins; grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging
Sliding Induced Nanocrystals on Si

Our previous research has shown that Ga pin sliding again Si induces nanometer length scale crystals. In this research, we continued on with an In pin with one stroke slides on Si substrate. Applied load was varied for sliding Surface characterization was conducted using an atomic force microscope. Results showed that triangular-shaped nanocrystals were formed on Si surfaces. The height and side length of these nanocrystals depend on test conditions. In this paper, we report our findings in crystal structures and boundary properties.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The Fermilab cryogenic energy storage system

A superconductive magnetic energy storage system has been designed to smooth the pulsating power requirement of the Fermilab accelerator. The system stores 1 MWh and operates at peak power level of 200 MW on a 10 sec cycle. The magnetic system employs cryogenically stable superconductors and a flux-forcing normal secondary. The power system uses phase controlled thyristor rectifier-inverters similar to those employed in the main accelerator power supply.
Solubilization of Keratins by Reaction with Ethylene Oxide

THE reactions of keratins and other proteins with epoxides have been described by several investigators1. The chemical modification of wool by reaction with mono- or di-functional epoxides in aqueous or alcoholic solution at or near room temperature has also been studied. In general, the acid and alkali solubility is decreased by reaction with di-functional epoxides, but increased if a monofunctional epoxide is employed2. We have recently found, however, that quite different results are obtained if wool is heated with ethylene oxide and a small amount of N,N-dimethylaniline with no solvent, as described by Haas et al.3 for making hydroxyethyl nylon. Under these conditions, the wool fibres are disintegrated and the product is soluble in water. Part of the ethylene oxide does not react and part is converted to polyethylene glycol which can be extracted from the aqueous solution with methylene chloride or toluene, although the latter solvent forms troublesome emulsions which are much more persistent than those formed by methylene chloride. A very small part of the ethylene oxide apparently becomes attached to the solubilizod wool.
Effects of Primers and Taq Polymerase on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Typing Listeria monocytogenes From the Environment of a Shrimp Processing Plant

Ninety-nine randomly selected isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from several processing environment locations, in a shrimp processing plant, obtained during a 5-month sampling period were subjected to randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with the use of four primers. Preliminary studies indicated that the number of DNA bands and their intensity differed greatly with respect to the commercial source of the Taq polymerase used with individual isolates. Eighteen composite RAPD types were discerned with the use of the four primers. Among these 18 composite RAPD types, type 1 comprised 14 indistinguishable isolates, and type 9 comprised 49 indistinguishable isolates. These results indicate that the shrimp processing plant was dominated by these 2 RAPD types that comprised 63.6% of the 99 randomly selected isolates.
Characterizing the Low-Redshift Intergalactic Medium toward PKS 1302–102

We present a detailed analysis of the intergalactic metal-line absorption systems in the archival HST STIS and FUSE ultraviolet spectra of the low-redshift quasar PKS 1302?102 ( -->zQSO = 0.2784). We supplement the archive data with CLOUDY ionization models and a survey of galaxies in the quasar field. There are 15 strong Ly? absorbers with column densities --> NH I > 14. Of these, six are associated with at least C III ?977 absorption [ -->log N(C+ +) > 13]; this implies a redshift density --> dNC III/dz = 36-9+13 (68% confidence limits) for the five detections with rest equivalent width -->Wr > 50 m?. Two systems show O VI ??1031, 1037 absorption in addition to C III [ -->log N(O+ 5) > 14]. One is a partial Lyman limit system (--> log NH I = 17) with associated C III, O VI, and Si III ?1206 absorption. There are three tentative O VI systems that do not have C III detected. For one O VI doublet with both lines detected at 3 ? with -->Wr > 50 m?, --> dNO VI/dz = 7-4+9. We also search for O VI doublets without Ly? absorption but identify none. From CLOUDY modeling, these metal-line systems have metallicities spanning the range ? -->4 [ M/H ] ? 0.3. The two O VI systems with associated C III absorption cannot be single-phase, collisionally ionized media based on the relative abundances of the metals and kinematic arguments. From the galaxy survey, we discover that the absorption systems are in a diverse set of galactic environments. Each metal-line system has at least one galaxy within 500 km s?1 and 600 -->h?175 kpc with -->L > 0.1L*.
Photoactivated Cationic Frontal Polymerization

Photoactivated cationic ring-opening polymerizations of certain oxirane and oxetane monomers take place in a frontal manner. The study of the frontal behavior of those monomers was conducted using a new analytical technique involving optical pyrometry that provides insight into the mechanism of these polymerizations.
Simultanoues determination of prostaglandins E1, A1 and B1 by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the kinetic studies of prostaglandin E1 in solution

A method for the simultaneous determination of prostaglandins E1, A1 and B1 (PGE1, PGA1 and PGB1) in solution has been developed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a 3 microns C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 35% acetonitrile in 0.002 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) and its flow-rate was 1.5 ml/min. Quantitative measurement was performed using a photodiode array detector system at 190, 220, and 280 nm for PGE1, PGA1 and PGB1, respectively. The method has been applied to the primary kinetic studies for reaction profile for PGE1----PGA1----PGB1 at 60 degrees C in pH 2.0, 7.2, 10.0 and 12.0 buffer solutions.
Illuminating the Landscape of In Vivo Immunity: Insights from Dynamic In Situ Imaging of Secondary Lymphoid Tissues

A central feature of the immune system is the migratory behavior of its cellular components. Thus, fully understanding the generation and maintenance of immune responses must include consideration of how hematopoietic cells home to, interact within, and exit from secondary lymphoid organs as well as peripheral tissues. Recent advances in in situ imaging techniques now permit direct observation of these events in their physiologic settings with high spatiotemporal resolution. This review summarizes progress in this area of investigation from a lymphocentric perspective. We highlight controversies, point out key unanswered questions, and briefly outline what we believe are some of the near-term directions that in situ microscopic analysis of the immune system will take.
Micro-phytoplankton at the equatorial Pacific (140°W) during the JGOFS EqPac Time Series studies : March to April and October 1992

Abstract Micro-phytoplankton (>20 um cell size) was sampled in the upper 200 m of the water column at the Pacific equator, 140°W during two JGOFS EqPac Time Series (TS) Studies, in order to determine the changes in the micro-phytoplankton assemblage between March–April and October 1992, to find the vertical distribution of micro-phytoplankton taxa, and to relate any changes in the environmental factors to micro-phytoplankton structure. Cell abundance and carbon biomass of three major taxonomic classes: diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids were examined. During the abnormal warmth of El Nino 1992 (SST = 28−29°C), low abundance ( −1 ) and carbon biomass ( −1 ) characterized the micro-phytoplankton structure, accompanied by low numbers of diatoms and coccolithophorids. Pennate diatoms, Pseudonitzschia delicatissima and thecate dinoflagellate, Oxytoxum variabile , were the most abundant organisms observed during March–April 1992 Time Series study. The microphytoplankton assemblage during El Nino conditions in March–April 1992 exhibited lower microphytoplankton species richness and abundance compared with October 1992. Also in contrast to the spring, in October 1992 the micro-phytoplankton assemblage showed large variability, mainly due to the passage of an instability wave through the study site. During this period, the coldest temperatures (SST = 25°C) were associated with increased abundance (range = 2 × 10 2 to 12 × 10 3 cells liter −1 ) and richness in micro-phytoplankton species assemblage, which was again dominated by a colonial pennate diatom P. delicatissima . On the average, micro-phytoplankton carbon ranged from 0.5 to 4.0 μg C liter −1 , where the diatom group consistently comprised the major part of the micro-phytoplankton autotrophic biomass in the upper 60 m. Large centric diatoms, such as Rhizosolenia species, as well as chains of P. delicatissima united in stepped colonies, and heavily silicified species of the Thalassionema/Thalassiothrix spp. complex were important groups contributing to the total micro-phytoplankton carbon biomass. At the equator, diatoms and dinoflagellates were restricted to the surface and to the upper 60 m, respectively, during both Time Series cruises, while coccolithophorid cells were concentrated at 90 m during TS I. The presence of an El Nino event and a instability wave during March–April and October 1992, respectively, may explain most of the variability in abundance and species richness found in the equatorial Pacific at 140°W during the study periods.
Limitations of threshold-based brain oxygen monitoring for seizure detection.

Brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) monitors are utilized in a threshold-based fashion, triggering actions based on the presumption of tissue compromise when PbtO2 is less than 20 mmHg. Some early published practice guidelines suggest that seizure is a potential culprit when PbtO2 crosses this threshold; evidence for this is not well defined. Data were collected manually as part of a prospective observational database. PbtO2 monitors and continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) were placed by clinical protocol in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8. Eight patients with discrete seizures during an overlapping monitored period were identified. Probability of seizure when PbtO2 value was <20 mmHg (and the inverse) were calculated. There were 343 distinct seizure episodes and 1797 PbtO2 measurements. 8.9% of seizures were followed by a PbtO2 value below 20 mmHg. Of all observed low PbtO2 values, 3.8% were associated with seizure. Seizure length did not influence PbtO2. Two patients with the highest number of seizures developed low PbtO2 values post-seizure. Seizures were neither associated with a PbtO2 value of <20 mmHg nor associated with a drop in PbtO2 value across a clinically significant threshold. However, we cannot rule out the existence of any relationship between PbtO2 and seizure with this limited data set. Prospective research using electronically recorded data is required to more effectively examine the relationship between PbtO2 and seizure.
Short-term retinoic acid treatment increases in vivo, but decreases in vitro, epidermal transglutaminase-K enzyme activity and immunoreactivity.

Abstract Epidermal transglutaminase-K is believed to catalyze the covalent linking of loricrin and involucrin to form cross-linked (CE) envelopes. In normal skin, transglutaminase-K is expressed as a band immediately below the stratum corneum, whereas in psoriasis and healing skin its expression is considerably expanded throughout the suprabasal layers. We have investigated whether the hyperproliferative state induced by short-term application of topical retinoic acid is similarly characterized by an increase in transglutaminase-K enzyme activity and immunoreactivity. Retinoic acid (0.1% cream) or vehicle were applied to human skin and occluded for 4 d. Skin biopsies were obtained for measurement of transglutaminase-K and transglutaminase-C activity and immunoreactivity. For comparison, cultured normal human keratinocytes were incubated for 4 d in the presence of 1 μM retinoic acid and the subsequent transglutaminase-K activity and immunoreactivity measured. Transglutaminase-K activity was increased 2.8 times in retinoic acid compared to vehicle-treated skin (p These results demonstrate that retinoic acid treatment in vivo, in contrast to in vitro, leads to not only increased transglutaminase-K protein expression but also increased enzymatic activity in the absence of detectable increases in mRNA levels. These data, taken with the previously reported lack of in vivo modulation of the differentiation markers keratins 1 and 10 by retinoic acid, indicate that certain aspects of keratinocyte terminal differentiation that are altered in vitro by retinoic acid do not occur in vivo in human skin.
Vehicular mounted repeater in emergency medical services (EMS) communications

The operation of vehicular mounted repeaters as used in emergency medical services (EMS) on the UHF MED channels is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages are examined critically as well as the compromises. The effect of this concept on the shared use of MED channels and mutual aid is explored in detail. Both one-way and two-way repeat concepts are covered. The intent of the FCC rules affected by vehicular mounted repeaters is carefully considered. The author demonstrates that the vehicular mounted repeater is not merely a piece of equipment but a very different system concept, and therefore must be considered a major decision by the system designers.
Numerical analysis of a moving boundary problem in coastal hydrodynamics

A finite element model to tackle the moving boundary problem of wave run-up on moderately steep slopes is developed. The special aspects considered in this study are (1) the modification of shallow water equations to accommodate the effect of vertical accelerations and (2) the use of Lagrangian acceleration coupled with an element that adapts itself to the moving boundary closely. The pressure term in the one-dimensional momentum equation is derived using the Eulerian equation in the vertical direction. This takes care of the vertical accelerations which are significant during the motion of a wave on moderately steep slopes. The element near the boundary is allowed to change its dimension so that the fluid boundary is closely followed. Such a flexible element precludes the need for approximation of the variables with regard to the indefinite position of the boundary. This element is split into two when its dimension becomes unduly large compared to the unchanging elements. The need for such a splitting is shown by an examination of the entries in the global matrix. Results of water profile as a wave runs up a structure are given. A brief history of the work on similar problems is outlined.
Tight Control of Exogenous SERCA Expression Is Required to Obtain Acceleration of Calcium Transients With Minimal Cytotoxic Effects in Cardiac Myocytes

Collateral effects of exogenous sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) expression were characterized in neonatal rat and chicken embryo cardiac myocytes, and the conditions required to produce acceleration of Ca(2+) transients with minimal toxicity were established. Cultured myocytes were infected with adenovirus vector carrying the cDNA of wild-type SERCA1, an inactive SERCA1 mutant, or enhanced green fluorescence protein under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. Controls were exposed to empty virus vector. Each group was tested with and without phenylephrine (PHE) treatment. Under conditions of limited calf-serum exposure, the infected rat myocytes manifested a more rapid increase in size, protein content, and rate of protein synthesis relative to noninfected controls. These changes were not accompanied by reversal to fetal transcriptional pattern (as observed in hypertrophy triggered by PHE) and may be attributable to facilitated exchange with serum factors. SERCA virus titers >5 to 6 plaque-forming units per cell produced overcrowding of ATPase molecules on intracellular membranes, followed by apoptotic death of a significant number of rat but not chicken myocytes. Enhanced green fluorescence protein virus and empty virus also produced cytotoxic effects but at higher titers than SERCA. Expression of exogenous SERCA and enhancement of Ca(2+) transient kinetics could be obtained with minimal cell damage in rat myocytes if the SERCA virus titer were maintained within 1 to 4 plaque-forming units per cell. Expression of endogenous SERCA was unchanged, but expression of exogenous SERCA was higher in myocytes rendered hypertrophic by treatment with PHE than in nontreated controls.
L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL β SUBUNIT mRNA LEVELS ARE DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED IN RABBIT HEART. • 143

L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL β SUBUNIT mRNA LEVELS ARE DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED IN RABBIT HEART. • 143
The relative adjustment of wages and prices: direct tests within a multiple-equation system

In order to assess the relative rigidity of the aggregate price level and the nominal wage rate most researchers have focused on the implied behaviour of the real wage rate in response to a purely demand disturbance. The present work examines the explicit behaviour of the two variables and is therefore able to analyse the variables' short-run responses within the context of their defined long-run behaviour. While the paper reports evidence of long-run stability in the real wage rate, additional evidence is presented which supports both sticky-price and sticky-wage models. The determining factor is the choice of lag.
The effect of TOM training, flexible work, and flexible technology on continuous improvement☆

Abstract This study explores the effects of Total Quality Management (TQM) training, work design, and information technology on employee continuous improvement. In afield study of an accounting division with 160 employees, qualitative and quantitative results indicate that continuous improvement is positively related to TQM training, flexible, work, and flexible technologies. The evidence is mixed concerning whether flexible work and technologies moderate the effect of TQM training.
The wave of the future: Certification in human resource management

Abstract The time has come to empirically investigate the increasing popularity of HR certification. The number of candidates for certification has increased sharply over the years, from 150 in 1976 to 529 in 1985 and 2,052 in 1990. This study presents the history of personnel/human resources certification and the results of a Human Resource Management Certification Survey . The findings reveal the intrinsic and extrinsic benefits of certification. HR professionals seek certification first and foremost for professional accomplishment. To ensure examination success, most of them depend on job experience, study guides, and self-study. While very few of the practitioners indicated that they were encouraged to sit for certification by their employers' job promotion offers, approximately 32 percent of them had experienced one to three promotions since receiving certification. Moreover, certified professionals are relatively well paid. Their salaries range from $20,000 to well over $100,000; and vary according to the primary focus of the job and other factors.
Acid-functionalized dissymmetric salen ligands and their manganese(III) complexes

Acid-functionalized symmetric and dissymmetric salen-type ligands were synthesized via a novel self-protection step in a quantitative yield. This synthetic method allows one to quickly prepare salen-based dissymmetric chiral compounds with tailorable coordinating properties. Therefore, this approach provides a blueprint for synthesizing and evaluating a new class of acid-functionalized salen ligands that can be used as chiral building blocks for a wide range of catalysts and coordination polymers with chemically tailorable properties.
Systemic Toxic Effects Associated With High-Dose Verapamil Infusion and Chemotherapy Administration

Aside from its more conventional uses as a cardiovascular drug, the calcium channel blocker verapamil has recently been added to chemotherapeutic regimens to reduce drug resistance in B-cell and other neoplasms that express the P-glycoprotein. We recently treated patients with continuous-infusion verapamil (0.15 mg/kg per hour to 0.60 mg/kg per hour) over a 5-day period in combination with continuous-infusion vincristine and doxorubicin plus oral dexamethasone. Seventy-one courses involving 35 hospitalized patients were prospectively studied for cardiovascular and other side effects. Cardiovascular side effects were observed most frequently and consisted of first-degree heart block, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and junctional rhythms. We observed higher degree heart block, but the QRS interval remained narrow and the ventricular escape rate remained relatively normal. Effects on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and PR interval were both time and dose related. Severe, symptomatic congestive heart failure was rarely observed. The most common noncardiovascular side effects were constipation, peripheral edema, and weight gain. All systemic toxic effects observed were easily treated or disappeared with either temporary or permanent discontinuation of the verapamil infusion or by a decrease in the dose of verapamil. We conclude that the cardiovascular side effects associated with continuous, high-dose intravenous verapamil therapy are significant and dose limiting but are rapidly reversible. Less cardiotoxic chemosensitizers are needed to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer.
Impoverished consumers, Catholic social teaching, and distributive justice

Abstract Consistent with the goals of the special issue of Journal of Business Research , this paper examines the 1986 pastoral letter of the U.S. Catholic bishops titled, Economic Justice for All , and its impact on marketing practice for the last 25 years. The brief literature review places this text within the larger context of Catholic Social Teaching and marketing practice, teasing out four testable propositions for examining social and distributive justice. The evidence presented from a variety of secondary sources reveals a lack of sustained progress to meet the goals inherent in the bishops' appeal. To advance their arguments, modifications to the ways marketers are educated, incentivized, and reviewed are posited, with a final secular way of considering these principles.
Ion cyclotron instability induced by the trapped-ion mode

The conditions and consequence of the onset of ion cyclotron instabilities in tokamaks that can be induced by the finite amplitude level of the trapped-ion mode are studied. It is found that such oscillations are likely to be present but are not likely to alter the diffusion rates originally predicted by Kadomtsev and Pogutse.
A Process Modeling Methodology for Automation of Manual and Time Dependent Processes

Traditional functional modeling methodologies tend to look at the decomposition of a physical artifact, system, or subsystem, but these techniques are just as applicable to processes, manual operations, and human-centric procedures. A process, when decomposed into its most basic tasks and events, resembles the products traditionally modeled using functional modeling. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to model such processes utilizing functional modeling techniques. Process models allow for the mapping of an operation to ensure desired outputs are achieved at specific times (or after certain time durations), goals are met, critical paths are followed, and efficiency is increased. The proposed process modeling methodology is further explored as a tool to understand and identify what elements of a manual or human centric process may be automated or solved by some other engineering solution.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation: A Quarter Century of Contribution, A Future of Challenge and Optimism

The Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation (JEPC) is beginning its second quarter century of publication. Given the challenges education faced in 1990, when the journal began publishing, and the evolving challenges of 2015, it became important to answer two questions: (1) Has JEPC successfully contributed to the facilitation of service delivery leading to improved outcomes? (2) What major challenges should JEPC consider—in an era of diminishing school budgets, professional autonomy, and social safety nets—to ensure that it can help to meet the needs of struggling learners, their fellow students, and the people and organizations who work on their behalf? To help answer these questions, this article discusses JEPC's contributions to consultation, current and future challenges, and possible directions for meeting the current and future needs of struggling learners, their peers, and all other stakeholders to which JEPC has dedicated itself.
Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Source Incorporating Planar Surface Wave Assisted Antenna

A monolithic 120 GHz free-space, continuous-wave source capable of providing 12.6 dBm of EIRP at 18% DC-to-EIRP conversion efficiency is presented. We utilize both the excellent high frequency performance of the InP based HEMT technology developed by HRL along with the newly developed surface wave assisted antenna concept. Because the antenna itself prefers to be fabricated on a high dielectric constant substrate, monolithic integration with MMIC circuits becomes straightforward
Convergent Institutional Logics in Public Higher Education: State Policymaking and Governing Board Activism

This article investigates the convergent institutional logics driving decision making at an activist governing board in higher education. Through a case study of policymaking by a state-level coordinating board in Massachusetts, the article identifies four primary logics of action: mission differentiation, student opportunity, managerialism, and system coordination. The study concludes that institutional logics are a powerful mechanism for understanding shifts in public higher education governance and results in predictable political outcomes in the negotiation of constituent interests. The article also considers the potential contribution of further examination of institutional logics on studying higher education politics and institutional stratification.
Lattice dynamics in MX chains; localized modes associated with polaronic and bipolaronic defects in PtX CDW systems

Abstract The longitudinal vibrations and the vibrations of valence defects of the PtX linear chains are described in the framework of a one-dimensional model in the first nearest neighbors interaction approximation. The dynamical properties of the perfect chain are parametrized by two force constants K 1 (for the Pt IV -Cl interaction) and K 2 (for the Pt II -Cl interaction) and several defects can be described by only one additional parameter, K d , corresponding to the Pt III -X force constant. The set of force constants is chosen in order to obtain a consistent description of the intrinsic frequencies (the ω 1 Raman active mode and two primary infrared active modes) and of the frequencies of the localized modes associated with the defects. A coherent description is obtained for K 2 /K 1 =0.30 in PtCl and K 2 /K 1 =0.37 in PtBr, a result consistent with an increase of delocalization from PtCl to PtBr. This analysis supports the assignment of the Raman lines associated with the electron polaron and electron bipolaron in the two materials.
Some Applications of the Bond Orbital Model

The ‘bond orbital’ model, which is based on the tight-binding approximation, is summarized and utilized to calculate the cohesive energy of tetrahedrally coordinated solids. Several physical properties of such semiconductors are successfuly correlated with the bonding energy of the bond-orbital. These are the band gap, the melting temperature, and the vacancy formation energy. In addition, the hardness is found to vary linearly with polarity. Das Modell der „Bond-Orbitals”, das auf der „tight-binding”-Naherung beruht, wird zusammengefast und erlaubt die Berechnung der Kohasionsenergie von tetraedrisch koordinierten Festkorpern. Einige physikalische Eigenschaften solcher Halbleiter werden erfolgreich korreliert mit der Bindungsenergie des Bond-Orbitals. Es sind dies die Bandlucke, die Schmelztemperatur und die Leerstelle-Bildungsenergie. Daruberhinaus wird gefunden, das die Harte sich linear mit dem polaren Anteil andert.
Involvement of Vasopressin in the Down-Regulation of Pituitary Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors after Adrenalectomy

The role of vasopressin (VP) in the regulation of pituitary corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors was studied by examining the effects of adrenalectomy and VP infusion on pituitary CRF receptors in genetically VP-deficient rats (di/di) and Long-Evans control rats. Binding studies with [125I]Tyr-ovine CRF in 30,000 × g anterior pituitary membranerich fractions revealed similar characteristics for the CRF receptors in Long-Evans and di/di rats, with Kd values of 2.4 ± 0.6 and 1.9 ± 0.2 nM, respectively, and receptor concentrations of 278 ± 31 and 286 ± 43 fmol/mg, respectively. Two days after adrenalectomy, the pituitary CRF receptor concentration decreased by 72 ± 4.2% in Long-Evans rats, but by only 20.3 ± 5.6% in di/di rats. CRF receptor affinity was unchanged after adrenalectomy (Kd = 1.7 ± 0.5 nM; n = 8). To determine whether VP deficiency is responsible for the smaller decrease in CRF receptor in di/di rats, the effect of exogenous VP infusion (100 ng/min) by sc osmotic minipumps was studied ...
THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM FOR LONGITUDINAL PLASMA OSCILLATIONS

Abstract The general solution of the initial value problem for longitudinal plasma oscillations is found by means of a Fourier transform of the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation and by an eigenfunction expansion method developed by van Kampen and Case. The important feature of the solution presented here is that it gives the full Fourier component of the distribution function of electrons in a plasma. This is obtained without any integration with respect to some velocity components, as is generally done in all preceedings papers on this problem.
The resolution code of acute inflammation: Novel pro-resolving lipid mediators in resolution

Studies into the mechanisms in resolution of self-limited inflammation and acute reperfusion injury have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators coined specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins that are each temporally produced by resolving-exudates with distinct actions for return to homeostasis. SPM evoke potent anti-inflammatory and novel pro-resolving mechanisms as well as enhance microbial clearance. While born in inflammation-resolution, SPM are conserved structures with functions discovered in microbial defense, pain, organ protection and tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer, reproduction, and neurobiology-cognition. This review covers these SPM mechanisms and other new omega-3 PUFA pathways that open their path for functions in resolution physiology.
Detection of PAH:DNA adducts from auto-oxidation using 32P-postlabeling.

Abstract The binding of benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, dibenz[a,c]anthracene and phenanthrene to calf thymus DNA in vitro in the absence of enzymatic or chemical activation was investigated using the 32 P-postlabeling assay. Reactions were performed in the dark or under white light in 1 ml of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), containing 150 mM KCl, 250 μg of DNA and 0.12 nmol–600 nmol of hydrocarbon. Reactions were incubated for 1 h at 37°C and the extent of hydrocarbon:DNA adduct formation was determined. With the exception of phenanthrene, all of the hydrocarbons investigated formed DNA adducts that were easily detected with the 32 P-postlabeling assay. The multiplicity and level of hydrocarbon: DNA adducts varied for each hydrocarbon. A dose related increase in adduct formation was observed. Adduct levels ranged from 0.07 to 15.28 adducts per 10 7 nucleotides. Highest adduct levels were detected with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Hydrocarbon: DNA adduct formation was enhanced when reactions were performed under white light. A comparison of the adduct levels formed from auto-oxidation and enzymatic activation suggests that 0.05 and 0.26% of the adducts detected in the enzymatic activation of B[a]P and DMBA, can be attributed to auto-oxidation, respectively. These data demonstrate that in the absence of enzymatic or chemical activation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can undergo autooxidation in vitro and form hydrocarbon:DNA adducts that are detectable with the 32 P-postlabeling assay.
Ascending afferent regulation of rat midbrain dopamine neurons

Abstract Standard, extracellular single-unit recording techniques were used to examine the electrophysiological and pharmacological responsiveness of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons to selected, ascending afferent inputs. Sciatic nerve stimulation-induced inhibition of nigrostriatal DA (NSDA) neurons was blocked by both PCPA (5-HT synthesis inhibitor) and 5,7-DHT (5-HT neurotoxin), suggesting mediation by a serotonergic (5-HT) system. Direct stimulation of the dorsal raphe (which utilizes 5-HT as a neurotransmitter and inhibits slowly firing NSDA neurons) inhibited all mesoaccumbens DA (MADA) neurons tested. Paradoxically, DPAT, a 5-HT 1 a agonist which inhibits 5-HT cell firing, enhanced sciatic nerve stimulation-induced inhibition of NSDA neurons. MADA neurons were not inhibited by sciatic nerve stimulation and, therefore, could not be tested in this paradigm. In contrast to the dorsal raphe, electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus preferentially excited slowly firing NSDA and MADA neurons. Thus, both excitatory and inhibitory ascending afferents influence the activity of midbrain DA neurons, and intact 5-HT systems are necessary for sciatic nerve stimulation to alter DA cell activity. However, the role that 5-HT plays in mediating peripheral sensory input remains unclear.
Transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: aspectos neuroimunológicos

This article discusses issues related to the hypotheses regarding the existence of immune mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of a subgroup of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or Tourette's syndrome. Though developed from the studies on Sydenham's chorea, other concepts about the immune system regulation hypotheses still need further investigation. The proposition of PANDAS, the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection, combined with the results obtained with plasma exchange procedure, which showed a remarkable improvement of the symptoms in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or Tourette's syndrome, have given additional support to this model.
Posttranslational acetylation of α-tubulin constrains protofilament number in native microtubules.

Summary Background Microtubules are built from linear polymers of α-β tubulin dimers (protofilaments) that form a tubular quinary structure. Microtubules assembled from purified tubulin in vitro contain between 10 and 16 protofilaments; however, such structural polymorphisms are not found in cells. This discrepancy implies that factors other than tubulin constrain microtubule protofilament number, but the nature of these constraints is unknown. Results Here, we show that acetylation of MEC-12 α-tubulin constrains protofilament number in C. elegans touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Whereas the sensory dendrite of wild-type TRNs is packed with a cross-linked bundle of long, 15-protofilament microtubules, mec-17;atat-2 mutants lacking α-tubulin acetyltransferase activity have short microtubules, rampant lattice defects, and variable protofilament number both between and within microtubules. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations suggest a model in which acetylation of lysine 40 promotes the formation of interprotofilament salt bridges, stabilizing lateral interactions between protofilaments and constraining quinary structure to produce stable, structurally uniform microtubules in vivo. Conclusions Acetylation of α-tubulin is an essential constraint on protofilament number in vivo. We propose a structural model in which this posttranslational modification promotes the formation of lateral salt bridges that fine-tune the association between adjacent protofilaments and enable the formation of uniform microtubule populations in vivo.
X-Charts versus X / MR Chart Combinations: IID Cases and Non-IID Cases

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of the X-Chart alone (X-only Chart) is compared to that of the Individuals and Moving Range Chart Combination (X/MR Charts), in terms of Average Run Length (ARL) after designing for a common “all OK” (in control) ARL. Comparison is made under five different non-standard conditions, including both iid and non-iid circumstances. We conclude that adding the Moving Range chart to an X-chart, while generally not helpful for detecting iid departures from standard conditions, can be beneficial in detecting some non-iid conditions.
The National Ignition Facility front-end laser system

The proposed National Ignition Facility is a 192 beam Nd:glass laser system capable of driving targets to fusion ignition by the year 2005. A key factor in the flexibility and performance of the laser is a front-end system which provides a precisely formatted beam to each beamline. Each of the injected beams has individually controlled energy, temporal pulseshape, and spatial shape to accommodate beamline-to-beamline variations in gain and saturation. This flexibility also gives target designers the options for precisely controlling the drive to different areas of the target. The design of the Front-End laser is described, and initial results are discussed.
Animal behaviour: Fair refusal by capuchin monkeys

Brosnan and de Waal report that capuchin monkeys show evidence of a sense of fairness or 'inequity aversion' because they rejected a less preferred reward when they saw a partner monkey receive a preferred reward for the same task. However, this does not show that monkeys are averse to inequity, only that they reject a lesser reward when better rewards are available. There are risks inherent in seeking anthropomorphic explanations for non-human behaviour.
Comparison of the sensitivity of three nematode species to copper and their utility in aquatic and soil toxicity tests

Nematodes are useful organisms for aquatic and soil toxicity testing because of their abundance and diversity as well as their ease of culturing and maintenance in the laboratory. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used extensively in toxicity testing, but its sensitivity to metal exposures in relation to other nematodes remains unclear. In this study, we compare the sensitivity and ease of use of two other rhabditid nematodes, Panagrellus redivivus and Pristionchus pacificus, to C. elegans. Toxicity endpoints were chosen to investigate the effects of Cu on the survival of these nematodes after soil exposures and on the survival, reproduction, movement, and feeding behavior of nematodes after exposures in aquatic medium. In all lethality testing, P. pacificus was the most sensitive, C. elegans exhibited intermediate sensitivity, and P. redivivus was the least sensitive. Reproduction and movement of C. elegans and reproduction of P. pacificus were decreased 50% by similar concentrations of Cu (EC50s approximately 2 mg/L), but P. pacificus movement was less sensitive to Cu exposures (EC50 = 8 mg/L). Although all nematodes may be useful in lethality assays, using P. redivivus in toxicity tests is complicated by the presence of two sexes and difficulties in obtaining age-synchronized cultures. Pristionchus pacificus is an ideal acute toxicity-testing organism because of its sensitivity and ease of culturing. However, C. elegans appears to be more sensitive and therefore most useful in behavioral assays. Future studies of the relative sensitivities of nematodes in toxicity testing should continue to investigate additional toxicants, nematode species, and quantifications of sublethal effects after soil exposures.