cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From “academic language” to the “language of ideas”: a disciplinary perspective on using language in K-12 settings

A still-widespread perspective on “academic language” is that the most important dimension of language used for academic purposes is the extent to which its linguistic features contrast with “every...
A phase I trial evaluating the effects of plerixafor, G-CSF, and azacitidine for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and MDS tumor clones play a role in pathogenesis and response to treatment. We hypothesized G-CSF and plerixafor may enhance sensitivity to aza...
The Effects of Military Training on Minor Workplace Deviance: Evidence from College Football

Deviant behavior associated with a firm’s brand comes at a substantial cost to the organization. Corporations are becoming increasingly interested in the personal conduct of employees on and off duty. For this reason, firms may seek out employees with military backgrounds because they believe military training helps to shape ethical and disciplined habits. Several studies indicate military veterans may be less likely to engage in deviant behavior. However, other studies find deviant behavior is an extensive problem within the military. The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of minor workplace deviance between military and non-military organizations. In order to make this comparison,sample data from college football are utilized to compare on-field penalties—a proxy for workplace deviance. Results from an empirical model indicate that players with military training are less likely to engage in minor workplace deviance.
Collective chemotaxis in a Voronoi model for confluent clusters

Collective chemotaxis, where single cells cannot climb a biochemical signaling gradient but clusters of cells can, has been observed in different biological contexts, including confluent tissues where there are no gaps or overlaps between cells. Although particle-based models have been developed that predict important features of collective chemotaxis, the mechanisms in those models depend on particle overlaps, and so it remains unclear if they can explain behavior in confluent systems. Here, we develop an opensource code that couples a 2D Voronoi simulation for confluent cell mechanics to a dynamic chemical signal that can diffuse, advect, and/or degrade, and use the code to study potential mechanisms for collective chemotaxis in cellular monolayers. We first study the impact of advection on collective chemotaxis, and delineate a regime where advective terms are important. Next, we investigate two possible chemotactic mechanisms, contact inhibition of locomotion and heterotypic interfacial tension, and demonstrate that both can drive collective chemotaxis in certain parameter regimes. We further demonstrate that the scaling behavior of cluster motion is well-captured by simple analytic theories. 1 Statement of SignificanceThe ability of cell collectives to respond to biochemical signals, called collective chemotaxis, is crucial for many important processes including embryonic development and wound healing. We developed an opensource computational model that couples biochemical signaling gradients to confluent cell layers, where there are no gaps between cells. Our model demonstrates that two experimentally observed local cell behaviors - neighbor-induced changes to interfacial tension or a tendency of cells to repel one another after they come into contact - can drive collective chemotaxis. We also highlight a regime in which the motion of migrating cells can alter the gradient.
Private Enforcement's Pathways: Lessons from Qui Tam Litigation

How does making law through private lawsuits differ from making law by other means? That question is especially important where legislators deputize “private attorneys general” as statutory enforcers, from antitrust and securities to civil rights and consumer protection. Yet legal scholars have not offered sustained theoretical or empirical analysis of how private enforcement efforts evolve over the life of a regulatory regime and, in turn, shape the elaboration of legal mandates. This Article begins filling that gap by sketching a pair of competing accounts of “private enforcement’s pathways.” The Article then tests these accounts using original data drawn from a growing and increasingly controversial litigation regime that is fueling intense debate about the quantity, quality, and public control of private enforcement efforts: qui tam litigation under the False Claims Act (FCA). Examining some 6,000 qui tam lawsuits since 1986, the analysis rejects the claim, common among private enforcement’s critics, that the regime’s recent growth constitutes an inefficient “gold rush” of private enforcement activity. Yet the data also support the concern that entrepreneurial private enforcers will relentlessly press law’s boundaries, exploiting regulatory ambiguities in industry-wide lawsuits that public-minded prosecutors would reject, thus driving law down interpretive pathways it would not travel if enforcement was in purely public hands. Mapping private enforcement’s pathways in this way offers fresh perspective on longstanding debate about the merits and demerits of private enforcement of public law, and the complex relationship between litigation and democracy, in the FCA context and beyond.
Endothelin-1 is elevated in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension

These studies document striking pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in monocrotaline (MCT) pulmonary hypertension in rats. This constriction is caused by el...
Transmission Lines and Parameters

Transmission lines are defined as waveguiding structures that can support transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves or quasi-TEM waves. This article concentrates on five commonly used transmission-line structures. The transmission-line parameters are first introduced in the derivation of the telegrapher's equations by dividing the transmission line into electrically small segments that can be described by the lumped-element circuit theory. The transmission-line parameters are then derived from rigorous electromagnetic field analysis. Five commonly used transmission lines—parallel-plate waveguides, coaxial cables, two-wire lines, striplines, and microstrip lines—are presented, and the techniques used to extract their corresponding transmission-line parameters are given. A common integrated circuit (IC)-level transmission-line structure is presented, and the challenges in parameter extraction for future micro- and nanoscale transmission lines are also discussed. Keywords: transmission lines; transmission-line parameters; telegrapher's equations; parallel-plate waveguides; coaxial cables; two-wire transmission lines; striplines; microstrip lines; coplanar waveguides
Receiving or believing in family support? Contributors to the life quality of Latino and non-Latino families of children with intellectual disability.

Background Previous studies have identified the role of family support in mitigating the stress of parents caring for a child with intellectual disability. Less is known about families whose members are willing but unable to support each other because of geographical, structural and economic barriers. Our study examined the contribution to family quality of life (FQL) of family support beliefs, actual assistance from family members, as well as the moderating effects of ethnicity and household income. Method We conducted telephone interviews with 84 Latino and 61 non-Latino mothers. Results Mothers who received more emotional support from partners and other family members reported a higher FQL, controlling for family characteristics. Familism beliefs were also associated with FQL, particularly for Latino mothers. Income was not a significant moderator. Conclusions These findings suggest that some predictors of FQL are partially moderated by ethnicity, while others may be powerful across diverse communities.
Analysis of I/O Subsystem Design for Multimedia Workstations

This paper argues that the CPU/memory data path is a potential throughput bottleneck in multimedia workstations, and analyzes the implications for the design of the I/O data path. It identifies known techniques for optimizing the data path, and highlights subtle interactions that occur when these techniques are used in combination. The paper concludes by proposing an abstract type for data buffers, called IOData, and argues that this abstraction provides a flexible basis for the end-to-end optimization of the I/O data path.
Role of gamma interferon in the host immune and inflammatory responses to Pneumocystis carinii infection.

The role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in host defense to Pneumocystis carinii was investigated by use of three different murine models of infection. C57BL/6 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficient [SCID]) mice were given intratracheal inoculations of P. carinii and reconstituted with splenocytes from either mice with disrupted IFN-gamma genes (IFN-gamma-/- mice) or homozygous wild-type (IFN-gamma+/+) mice. Unreconstituted SCID mice had log10 7.08 +/- 0.13 P. carinii nuclei in their lungs at day 22 postinfection, whereas SCID mice reconstituted with splenocytes from either wild-type or IFN-gamma-/- mice had cleared the infection. However, there was a prolonged and exacerbated inflammatory response in the lungs of SCID mice reconstituted with IFN-gamma-/- splenocytes which was characterized by interstitial pneumonia, eosinophilia, and multinucleated giant cell formation. Similar results were found in C.B17 SCID mice reconstituted with CD4+ cells from P. carinii-immunized donors treated with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody (MAb). These mice resolved their P. carinii infections; however, they also exhibited exacerbated lung pathology compared with mice treated with a control MAb. Finally, IFN-gamma-/- mice challenged intratracheally with P. carinii resolved their infection within 56 days as did IFN-gamma+/- mice. Furthermore, depletion of T cells in vivo with a MAb resulted in IFN-gamma-/- mice becoming susceptible to P. carinii infection. Together, these data indicate that IFN-gamma is not required for resolution of P. carinii infection; however, in the absence of IFN-gamma, there is a prolonged and exacerbated P. carinii-driven interstitial pneumonia characterized by eosinophilia and formation of multinucleated giant cells.
Primary and Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucomas

Almost 70 million cases of glaucoma have been diagnosed worldwide, approximately half of which are classified as angle-closure glaucoma (ACG).1 Lowe, in 1955, emphasized the study of the anterior chamber angle facilitating the early classification of angle-closure glaucoma.2 Among patients with angle closure, primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is the most common diagnosis. PACG is more common in Asians than in any other ethnic group.3 PACG, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) are collectively a major cause of bilateral blindness worldwide, and responsible for more than 90% of the bilateral blindness in China.4 It is estimated that by the year 2020, there will be approximately 21 million of cases of PACG, with more than 5.3 million bilaterally blind individuals as a result of angle closure.5
Correlating structure and chemistry through simultaneous in situ pair distribution function and infrared spectroscopy measurements

Desorption of coordinated and non-coordinated guests from the nanoporous Prussian blue analogue MnII3[CoIII(CN)6]2(H2O)6∙x{H2O} was probed by simultaneous pair distribution function and infrared spectroscopy measurements. The combined data shows how the release of guests from different sites is coupled to structural relaxation of the framework.
The Effect of Excess Dietary Sucrose on Growth, Blood Pressure, and Metabolism in Developing Sprague-Dawley Rats

To determine the effects of sucrose-enriched feeds on somatic growth, blood pressure development, and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, Sprague-Dawley rat pups (n = 94) were randomly assigned at weaning (3 wk) to a control diet (15% sucrose, by calories, n = 48) or an isocaloric diet in which starch is replaced by sucrose (66% sucrose, by calories, n = 46). Weight and blood pressure were followed until 13 wk. Chronic catheters were placed in a subset of male animals (n = 13), fasting glucose production was measured, and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed while the rats were in the conscious, nonstressed state. There was no difference in weight gain between control and sucrose rats in each sex group. Blood pressure in sucrose rats was significantly higher than in control rats after 4 wk of diet (7 wk of age, p < 0.001) in both sex groups and persisted for the duration of sucrose-enriched feeds. Insulin resistance was confirmed in sucrose rats with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. In juvenile rats that have no genetic predisposition to hypertension, excess dietary sucrose induced high blood pressure without obesity. Sucrose feeding also induced insulin resistance. The sucrose-fed Sprague-Dawley weanling rat provides a model
Coal power plant flue gas waste heat and water recovery

Abstract An advanced waste heat and water recovery technology has been developed to extract a portion of the water vapor and its latent heat from flue gases based on a nanoporous ceramic membrane capillary condensation separation mechanism. The recovered water is of high quality and mineral free, therefore can be used as supplemental makeup water for almost all industrial processes. The technology was first developed and proven at industrial demonstration scale for gas-fired package boilers, and already commercialized. The technology was thereafter further developed to a two-stage design tailored to coal power plant flue gas applications. The recovered water and heat can be used directly to replace power plant boiler makeup water to improve its efficiency, and any remaining recovered water can be used for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) water makeup or other plant uses. The technology will be particularly beneficial for coal-fired power plants that use high-moisture coals and/or FGD for flue gas cleanup.
Formulation of a Strain Hardening Model for Gasket Creep Relaxation

This paper proposes a novel strain hardening model for investigating gasket creep relaxation under compressive step-loading at room temperature. A closed form solution is developed for predicting the steady-state gasket pressure. Step-loading of the gasket may be directly achieved and controlled, or indirectly estimated through the bolt tightening and re-tightening torque. The effect of gasket material, time duration at each stress level, as well as the geometric parameters of the gasket is investigated. An experimental procedure and test set-up are used to validate the proposed gasket model.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Elevation of neuronal MAO-B activity in a transgenic mouse model does not increase sensitivity to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)

To examine whether expressing high levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) activity abberently in neurons results in increased sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 8-week-old transgenic mice expressing high neuronal levels of MAO-B were compared with age-matched nontransgenic littermates following i.p. injections of 30 mg/kg body weight of the protoxin. Levels of striatal dopamine (DA) and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunopositive cell numbers in the substantia nigra (SN) were compared 1 week later between transgenics and controls. No difference was found in any of these parameters, indicating that high neuronal MAO-B levels does not cause increased sensitivity to MPTP, and therefore neither conversion of MPTP to its active form, 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridium (MPP+) by MAO-B nor MPP+ uptake by the dopaminergic transporter are likely to be the rate-limiting step in the toxicity of this compound.
A polygonal approach to hidden-line and hidden-surface elimination

We present algorithms for the well-known hidden-line and hidden-surface elimination problems. Our algorithms are optimal in the worst case, and are also able to take advantage of problem instances that are “simpler” than in the worst case. Specifically, our algorithms run in O(n log n + k + t) time, where n is the number of edges, and k (resp. t) is the number of intersecting pairs of line segments (resp. polygons) in the projection plane π. Our algorithms are based on a polygon-based strategy, rather than an edge-based strategy, and are quite simple.
Two Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrest Produced by Potassium

Ventricular arrest occurs in isolated heart perfused with potassium-deficient solution when the extracellular potassium concentration is suddenly raised to a physiological concentration. This is known as a paradoxical phenomenon of Zwaardemaker and Libbrecht. Records of electrocardiograms, and ventricular and atrial transmembrane potentials from perfused rabbit hearts before, during and after this type of arrest revealed that its mechanism differs from the mechanism of cardiac arrest produced by an increase of external [K] above physiological concentration. The Zwaardemaker-Libbrecht phenomenon is associated with a striking increase in the velocity of repolarization while the typical effects of high-K concentration on the resting membrane potential and amplitude and upstroke velocity of the action potential are either very slight or absent. Conduction in the atria, ventricles and between the atria and the ventricles apparently is not disturbed during the Zwaardemaker-Libbrecht phenomenon; therefore, we attribute the cardiac arrest to a selective inhibition of the pacemaker activity. This might be due to an inhibition of the diastolic depolarization of the pacemaker fibers. A speculation is made that the type of imbalance between the intra- and extracellular K concentration in the myocardium which causes the Zwaardemaker-Libbrecht effect in the isolated heart could occur in situ and cause sudden death.
A non-micellar synthesis of mesoporous carbon via spinodal decomposition

Mesoporous carbons were prepared via spinodal decomposition of non-amphiphilic linear polyethylene glycol with phloroglucinol–formaldehyde resin under refluxing acidic ethanol conditions. By shifting the molecular weight and the concentration of polyethylene glycol, both mesopore size and volume can be tuned.
Psychosocial variables in irritable bowel syndrome: A review and proposal

Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an uncertainly defined gastrointestinal disorder which accounts for a large proportion of all medical referrals from the general population. In the vast majority of cases of IBS, no organic pathology is found and the mortality rate is essentially nil. A number of psychological variables (notably depression and anxiety) and personality characteristics have been hypothesized to be significant in the etiology of the disorder, yet their role remains poorly understood. The lack of an adequate conceptual model may be the primary factor precluding a better understanding of IBS. The argument that IBS may represent a type of “learned-illness behavior” is examined. A multi-dimensional model of IBS, incorporating critical life events, hereditary factors, environmental facilitators, and self-maintenance processes is presented. The role of health psychologists in the evaluation and treatment of the disorder is discussed.
From Burial Societies to Mutual Aid Organizations: The Role of Idirs—Traditional Burial Societies in Ethiopia—In Ensuring Community-Level Care and Protection of Vulnerable Children

From 2004 through 2009, Family Health International engaged 270 Idirs—traditional burial societies—in Ethiopia's fight against HIV and AIDS, which required the Idirs to change from only supporting death and mourning ceremonies to also supporting the living via mutual aid. Results show that more than 126,000 children received services and that these Idirs played a catalytic role in changing local attitudes away from discrimination and stigmatization and toward direct support for orphans, other vulnerable children, and people living with or affected by HIV infection. The achievements further demonstrate that, when capacitated, indigenous community-level organizations can become major partners in achieving lasting, transformational development at the grassroots level.
Neuroscience and Moral Reasoning: A Note on Recent Research

Recent work in psychology has studied persons' intuitive judgments of trolley problems.1 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, run by Joshua Greene,2 are said to show that when people judge it permissible to turn a trolley headed toward five persons away from them, though it will then hit and kill another person, brain centers involved in cognitive processes (and associated with rational thought) are stimulated.3 By contrast, fMRI studies are said to show that when people judge it to be impermissible to throw someone over a bridge into
An intriguing metaphor.

“The teaching alliance” develops and explores an intriguing metaphor—that the student–teacher relationship and the basic alliance essential for its success can be compared to the patient–therapist relationship and the basic alliance essential for its success. The authors discuss the many similarities between the two processes, the roles of teacher and therapist, the several tasks that each faces, problems that each might encounter, and strategies they might pursue in coping with them. However, like any metaphor, it has limitations, and we can learn about teacher–student dynamics by considering differences as well as similarities, how teaching is different from therapy, and how the optimal teacher–student relationship might differ from the optimal therapist–patient relationship. A patient is asked to trust a therapist far more than a student must trust a teacher. The patient is expected to tell all, including his or her most private secrets and shameful thoughts and feelings. The student need expose much less, perhaps only areas of ignorance relevant to the subject matter. Almost all patients have only one therapist at a time, and many only one in a lifetime. Most students have many teachers, and often at the same time. The intensity and duration of the therapeutic contract is generally determined by the individual needs and interests of the two parties, while the form and terms of the educational relationship are usually decided before the partners have even met; and their relationship ends when the course is over. If the therapist–patient relationship extends outside the boundaries of the therapeutic situation, we suspect that there is a problem. If the teacher–student relationship extends outside the boundaries of the educational situation, we generally see it as evidence of professional enthusiasm and a positive sign of the teacher’s commitment. Finally, we often judge a teacher by the progress that his students make, while, although some argue that we should also judge a therapist by the outcome of the treatment, we are more likely to consider a therapist’s skill at the process, recognizing the many determinants of therapeutic outcome that are not under the therapist’s control. In both therapy and education, the alliance is generally out of our awareness when things are going well. Teacher and student are focused on the curriculum and the student’s intellectual growth and mastery of skills. Therapist and patient are focused on the patient’s inner life, behavior, and interaction with the therapist. Much of the teaching Psychiatry 70(3) Fall 2007 203
GPUSVM: a comprehensive CUDA based support vector machine package

GPUSVM (Graphic Processing Unit Support Vector Machine) is a Computing Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) based Support Vector Machine (SVM) package. It is designed to offer an end-user a fully functional and user friendly SVM tool which utilizes the power of GPUs. The core package includes an efficient cross validation tool, a fast training tool and a predicting tool. In this article, we first introduce the background theory of how we build our parallel SVM solver using CUDA programming model. Then we compare our GPUSVM package with the popular state of the art Libsvm package on several well known datasets. The preliminary results have shown one to two orders of magnitude speed improvement in both training and predicting phases compared to Libsvm using our Tesla server.
Does a “Norm of Self-Interest” Discourage Prosocial Behavior? Rationality and Quid Pro Quo in Charitable Giving

Previous studies by Holmes, Miller, and Lerner (2002) support the norm of self-interest and exchange fiction hypotheses. Together these arguments state that people want to act on compassionate feelings (e.g., by donating to charities) but are reluctant to do so if they cannot justify their behavior as being in line with their own self-interest. Thus a person will be more likely to contribute to a charity when he or she receives a product in exchange for the contribution. This exchange fiction gives the person egoistic cover for the compassionate act. In this paper we critically evaluate the evidence for this line of reasoning and offer an alternative explanation for that evidence based on cognitive dissonance theory. We report the results of a new field experiment designed to tease apart the exchange fiction argument and the alternative approach. Results of the study support our application of dissonance theory over the exchange fiction account.
Formation of I Centers in LiF under Electron Irradiation

The lithium interstitial model (antimorph of the $H$ center) for the defect associated with the 5430-\AA{} absorption band formed in LiF by electron or neutron irradiation at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is strongly supported by new experimental results: The creation rate of these defects is proportional to the incident electron flux, is independent of the $F$-center creation rate, and increases with the thickness of the sample, in good agreement with a knock-on process.
All are Worthy to Know the Earth: Henry De la Beche and the Origin of Geological Literacy

Henry T. De la Beche (1796–1855) began his geological career within an elite circle (Geological Society of London, 1817; FRS, 1819), collaborating with influential gentlemen geologists and publishing original research. When his independent income dwindled, De la Beche managed to secure governmental funding for his mapping projects. This led to recognition of the Geological Ordnance Survey (1835) with De la Beche as director. However, De la Beche’s most influential role emerged from his unique position of successfully bridging the privileged circle of gentlemen geologists and the working class of emerging professionals. Henry De la Beche advocated education and knowledge of the Earth for all social classes. He used his government influence to lobby for the establishment of facilities and organizations dedicated to geology’s growing professionalization and popularization. The Museum of Practical Geology, School of Mines, and Mining Records Office were founded largely through his efforts, and each included educational components. De la Beche believed that geological instruction should transcend social boundaries, and thus he was an early advocate for the instruction of lower classes. Henry De la Beche can be acknowledged as an early champion of geological literacy for the general population.
Chronic morphine treatment exaggerates the suppressive effects of sucrose and cocaine, but not lithium chloride, on saccharin intake in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Three experiments examined the effect of chronic morphine treatment on cocaine-, sucrose-, and lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced suppression of saccharin intake in Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats were either water- or food-deprived and then implanted subcutaneously with 1 morphine (75 mg) or vehicle pellet for 5 days. They were then given brief access to 0.15% saccharin and soon thereafter injected with either cocaine (10 mg/kg s.c.), LiCl (0.009 M, 1.33 ml/100 g body weight i.p.), or saline, or, in Experiment 2, given a 2nd access period to either a preferred 1.0 M sucrose solution or the same 0.15% saccharin solution. There was 1 taste-drug or taste-taste pairing per day for a number of days. The results showed that a history of chronic morphine treatment exaggerated the suppressive effects of a rewarding sucrose solution and cocaine but not those of the aversive agent, LiCl. These data provide further support for the reward comparison hypothesis.
To “Complex permittivity and clay mineralogy of grain-size fractions in a wet silt soil,” Arcone et al., GEOPHYSICS, 73, no. 3, J1–J13

The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of Figure 1 were presented inadvertently in negative form. Consequently, the detail of small clay particles, rough surfaces, edges, and luster coating on a few particles could not be discerned. We apologize for any inconvenience caused by this error.
InGaAs MSM photodetectors modeling using DOE analysis

ABSTRACT Linear statistical models have been generated to predict the performance of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PDs for multi-gigabit optical interconnections. The models estimate the bandwidth and responsivity of the MSM PDs based on the input factors: absorbing layer thickness, detector size, finger widths and finger gaps. The design of experiments (DOE) approach was employed to obtain the necessary data to construct the models. Numerous samples were fabricated so that multiple devices measurements could serve to both construct and verify the linear statistical models. The MSM PDs were fabricated from material with structure InAlAs/InAlGaAs/InGaAs (2000A, 3000A or 5000A, absorbing layer)/InAlAs. The MSM interdigitated fingers were photolithographically defined with finger gaps and widths varying as DOE parameters. A benzocyclobutene (BCB, Cyclotene 35) layer was spin-coated onto all of the samples as isolation from the probing pads. In the bandwidth analysis, the detector size (S) and material thickness (T) were investigated with a fixed finger width (1 m) and gap (1 m). Taking the measured results of these detectors in the design matrix, and using least square regression, the model equations were derived as: Bandwidth (GHz) = 12.87 - 0.065S - 3T  0.02ST. After these equations were developed, predictive calculated results from these equations were then further used to predict and compare measured results on devices that were not used in the statistical model. This leads to an average deviation between predicted and measured bandwidth of less than 5%. In the responsivity analysis, the predictive calculation leads to an average deviation less than 11%. Keywords: Metal-semiconductor-metal, photodetectors, MSM, design of experiments, DOE, modeling, bandwidth, responsivity.
Superconductive magnetic energy storage

Abstract Technical and economic aspects of large scale superconductive magnetic energy storage are discussed. This paper is a review of a program which has been under way at the University of Wisconsin since 1970. Early work between 1970 and 1976 was primarily involved in proving economic and technical feasibility of the concept The present program deals with component development and detailed design ultimately leading to construction of a large superconducting magnet capable of storing 1000–10,000 MWh. The magnet is a single-layered segmented solenoid of approx. 100 m radius. Energy containment is achieved economically by burying the magnet underground in bedrock tunnels. Magnetic loads are transmitted from the conductor to bedrock through glass fiber reinforced composite struts. The conductor consists of a composite of aluminum and NbTi and is designed for full cryogenic stability in 1.8 K superfluid helium. The dewar-conductor assembly will be rippled in a l m radius of curvature to reduce the hoop stress tension. A Graetz bridge is required to convert the d.c. superconducting current into a.c. current in the three-phase power system. Economic analysis indicates that superconductive magnetic energy storage is competitive with alternative large scale storage schemes for units greater than 1000 MWh size.
Autocatalytic inactivation of cytochrome p-450 and chloroperoxidase by 1-aminobenzotriazole and other aryne precursors

Abstract Cytochrome P-450, as reported previously is inactivated during catalytic turnover of 1-aminobenzotriazole due to alkylation of its prosthetic heme group. NMR analysis of the heme adduct after removal of the iron atom identifies it unequivocally as a derivative of protoporphyrin IX in which two of the nitrogens are bridged by a benzene ring. Cytochrome P-450 destructive activity is retained by analogues with Me or Ac substituents on the exocyclic N but is lost when the N itself is removed or is replaced by a hydroxyl or nitro function. Prosthetic heme alkylation also occurs with 1-amino-1H-naphtho (2,3-d)triazole, the analogue with one additional benzene ring. In vivo studies suggest that 1-aminobenzotriazole is relatively nontoxic. Catalytic turnover of 1-aminobenzotriazole by chloro-peroxidase results in the formation of phenol and in inactivation of the enzyme. The phenol obtained in deuterated water incorporates one deuterium into the aromatic ring. The data indicate that benzyne, formed by enzymatic oxidation of 1-aminobenzotriazole, is responsible for inactivation of cytochrome P-450 and chloroperoxidase.
Coverage- and potential-dependent binding geometries of carbon monoxide at ordered low-index platinum- and rhodium-aqueous interfaces: comparisons with adsorption in corresponding metal-vacuum environments

Abstract Infrared spectra for carbon monoxide adsorbed at ordered low-index platinum- and rhodium-aqueous interfaces as a function of electrode potential, E , and CO coverage, θ co are compared with each other and with vibrational spectra obtained at corresponding metal-ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surfaces in order to explore the influences of the doublelayer environment on the CO adlayer structure. Earlier results for Pt(111), (100), (110), and Rh(100) electrodes in aqueous perchloric acid are supplemented by additional data in neutral and alkaline electrolytes in order to expand the accessible potential range. New results are also reported for Rh(111) and Rh(110) for each of these conditions. The form of the electrochemical infrared spectra in the C-O stretching ( v CO ) region, especially the relative intensities of the characteristic terminal and twofold bridging v CO bands, tends to be most similar to spectra obtained at the metal-UHV surfaces at high θ CO and when the former are evaluated at relatively positive potentials. Altering the potential in the negative direction on most electrodes at high θ CO favors increasingly CO binding in bridging rather than terminal sites, especially on the rhodium surfaces. This is consistent with the greater extent of dπ-2π ∗ metal-CO back donation expected under these conditions. Bridging CO coordination is also favored increasingly at most electrochemical interfaces towards lower θ CO , these effects of water and/or hydrogen coadsorption are compatible with the behavior of analogous UHV systems. The v CO frequency- E slopes at constant adsorption site occupancy vary substantially with the CO binding geometry, being ∼ 30–35, 40–45, and 50–60 cm −1 V −1 for terminal, twofold and threefold bridging sites, respectively, at high θ CO . These findings, together with the observed increases in d v CO /d E towards lower θ CO . are consistent with the anticipated variations in back bonding. At least at high θ CO , the observed smaller v CO frequencies for the electrochemical relative to the corresponding UHV interfaces are largely compatible with the lower surface potentials that characterize the former, along with differences in site occupancy.
Role of serotonergic mechanisms in animal models of predation

Abstract 1. 1. A short critical review of the role of serotonin in predatory attack is given. 2. 2. Among factors determining the degree and type of psychopharmacological involvement are: species, drug, and dependent behavioral measure chosen as a representative index of predation. 3. 3. One factor which may limit the actual involvement of serotonin is response non-specificity, i.e. the generalized disinhibition of behavior which is present after reductions in brain levels of this amine. 4. 4. New data are presented concerning response specificity in two models of predation indicating this may pose an actual problem.
A changing ocean policy horizon for marine science

Abstract A requisite for rational Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) resource management is the continued integration of marine science and policy. Policymakers will increasingly need reliable scientific information as national borders expand seaward and as technology affords greater access to more marine resources. Developments in marine science should open new concepts of ocean and resource use, and these in turn will pose new sets of policy issues. Some of the science‐policy possibilities include: 1. Expanding our knowledge of global ocean circulation, thus improving fish stock assessment, weather prediction, and innovative energy use; 2. continuing pollution research with a focus on the limits of acceptable degradation of an environment (including the problems of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere); 3. integrating the discovery and eventual exploitation of marine minerals with the environmental, legal, and political constraints; and 4. ensuring access to all areas of the ocean for marine science research in ...
Interaction of checkpoint kinase 1 and the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis during mitosis

We report here that the checkpoint kinase Chk1 and the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member XIAP can be found in a complex in association with condensed chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate during mitosis. The interaction between Chk1 and XIAP was transient and followed the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Chk1 and XIAP also formed a complex in vitro and in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. The interaction between Chk1 and the BIR3 domain of XIAP in vitro required an N-terminal sequence in Chk1 that is identical to the BIR-binding motif at the N-terminus of HID. An interaction of Chk1 and XIAP may imply a mechanism of coupling between the regulatory networks that control cell cycle progression and apoptosis during mitosis.
What does neuroimaging tell us about the role of prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval

Abstract The past five years have seen an outpouring of neuroimaging studies of memory — using both positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These studies have convincingly demonstrated that neuroimaging can be used to study the functional anatomy of normal human memory and that neuroimaging can precisely localize memory related brain activations within small areas of cortex. As one illustration of the application of neuroimaging in the study of memory, this review shows how several laboratories have produced data that converge on the notion that specific areas in the prefrontal cortex are active during long-term memory retrieval. Moreover, the data further suggest that distinct prefrontal brain areas might make differential contributions to different kinds of long-term memory retrieval.
Biosynthesis of Norepinephrine in Isolated Canine Heart

Radioactive dopamine was injected into the blood that was perfusing an isolated heart preparation. Analysis of the norepinephrine obtained from the heart 1 hour later demonstrated that it contained radioactivity. Between 1.4 and 10.8 percent of the norepinephrine present had been formed from the dopamine. The turnover of norepinephrine was substantially higher in the ventricles than in the atria.
Energy-Aware Workflow Job Scheduling for Green Clouds

With the increasing deployment of many data centers and computer servers around the globe, the energy cost on running the computing, communication and cooling together with the amount of CO2 emissions have increased dramatically. In order to maintain sustainable Cloud computing with ever-increasing problem scale, we design and develop energy-aware scientific workflow scheduling algorithm to minimize energy consumption and CO2 emission without sacrificing Quality of Service (QoS) such as response time specified in Service Level Agreement (SLA). The underlying available computing capacity and network bandwidth is represented as time-dependent because of the dual operation modes of on-demand and reservation instances supported by many commercial Cloud data centers. The Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is utilized to lower the CPU frequencies of virtual machines as long as the finishing time is still before the specified deadline. Our resource provision and allocation algorithm aims to meet the response time requirement and minimize the Virtual Machine (VM) overhead for reduced energy consumption. The consolidated VM reuse can lead to higher resource utilization rate for higher system throughput. The effectiveness of our algorithm is evaluated under various performance metrics and experimental scenarios using software adapted from open source CloudSim simulator. The simulation results show that our algorithm is able to achieve an average up to 30% of energy savings.
Philippe II d'Orléans's ‘chanteurs italiens’, the Italian cantata and the goûts-réunis under Louis XIV

Although the increasing infl uence of the Italian style in France around the turn of the 18th century is a familiar topic, we know comparatively little about how particular Italian repertories came to infl uence French composers. One important and thus far incompletely explored repertory is that of Philippe II, duc d'Orleans (1674 – 1723), and his musicians. Around 1701 Orleans began assembling a unique cadre of Italian musicians and Frenchmen trained in the latest Italian techniques. This ensemble consisted of two violinists (Giovanni Antonio Guido and Jean-Baptiste Anet fils), two castratos borrowed from cardinal Ottoboni (Pasqualino Tiepoli and Pasqualino Betti), and a bass player (eventually Jean-Baptiste Stuck). Documentary evidence and the cantatas of Stuck and Guido indicate that the ensemble's repertory included music modelled on that of Giovanni Bononcini, whose works became popular in France during the period of the ensemble's activity (1703 – 5). The ensemble made possible the performance of vocal music in the latest ultramontane vein, giving impetus to the developing French interest in Italian music, and providing a forum for experimentation with a reunion des gouts by the duke and his musicians, particularly in the arena of the cantate francoise.
Expression of membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IV, IX, XII, and XIV in the rabbit: induction of CA IV and IX during maturation

Several carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms are associated with plasma membranes. It is probable that these enzymes interact with anion transporters to facilitate the movement of HCO3− into or out of ...
Novel Insulin Receptor Mutations Responsible for Severe Insulin Resistance with Progressive Growth Failure

Novel Insulin Receptor Mutations Responsible for Severe Insulin Resistance with Progressive Growth Failure
Electrical & Electronic Equipment: Flame Retardant Regulatory Issues

Plastics are used in numerous electrical and electronic products that help make our lives easier and more productive. Many of these products that we use on a daily basis contain flame retardants as a passive means of fire protection to help safeguard society. In the end-use application, flame retardants delay the spread of fires or delay the time of flashover in order to enable people more time to escape the effects of the fires. The ultimate purpose of their use is to save lives, reduce injury, reduce destruction of property, and reduce local pollutants that result from fires. Research confirms that since the use of flame retardants in TV applications began, a substantial reduction in fire deaths has been achieved. The primary flame retardant resins used in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) housings include HIPS, ABS, PC/ABS blends, and PPO/HIPS blends. Brominated flame retardants are utilized in EEE applications containing HIPS and ABS resins, while phosphorus flame retardants are normally utilized in PC/ABS blends and PPO/HIPS blends. The printed wiring boards in EEE applications contain a polymeric coating that typically has a flame retardant reacted into the polymer backbone. There are other flame retardant plastics contained in EEE, such as connectors and wire & cable coatings that contain a variety of flame retardants, depending on the particular resin used. Flame retardants have received a considerable amount of negative publicity due to perceived environmental and toxicological issues.
Gravity induces fast electrical field change in soybean hypocotyls

Abstract. Measurement of the electrical field along soybean hypocotyls shows the development of a positive electrical potential in the lower side approximately 1 min after horizontal placement. The time is as fast or faster than the geotropic presentation time of soybean seedlings. The maximum positive electrical field potential is produced in a zone 1–2 cm below the hook, which is the region showing the geotropic curvature.
Pontine Hemorrhages Presenting as Trigeminal Neuropathy : Report of Three Cases

Three patients with pontine hemorrhages presenting clinically as trigeminal neuropathy are described. No patient was hypertensive and angiograms were normal. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed heterogeneous lesions, suggesting cavernous malformation, in one patient, but no definite diagnosis could be made in the other two patients. Such cases are rare and should be evaluated using serial MR imaging to differentiate angiographically occult vascular malformation from spontaneous hemorrhage.
Personal Tempo in Taking Tests of the Multiple-Choice Type.

AbstractTest score and time to test completion were recorded for final examinations of 399 psychology students in four classes and 240 chemistry students in four classes. For half of the classes, score and time were also recorded for the midterm examinations. All tests were of the multiple-choice type and were administered without time restriction. Analyses of the data indicated that time to completion was (a) positively skewed, (b) stable, and (c) not correlated with test scores. Several reasons for the absence of relationship between test scores and time to completion were suggested.
Distributed and conditional documents: conceptualizing bibliographical alterities

To conceptualize a future history of the book we have to recognize that our understanding of the bibliographical object of the past is challenged by the ontologically unbound, distributed, digital, and networked conditions of the present. As we draw on rich intellectual traditions, we must keep in view the need to let go of the object-centered approach that is at the heart of book history. My argument begins, therefore, with a few assertions. First, that we have much to learn from the scholarship on Old and New World contact that touches on bibliography, document studies, and book history for formulating a non-object centered conception of what a book is. Second, that the insights from these studies can be usefully combined with a theory of the “conditional” document to develop the model of the kinds of distributed artifacts we encounter on a daily basis in the networked conditions of current practices. Finally, I would suggest that this model provides a different conception of artifacts (books, documents, works of textual or graphic art), one in which reception is production and therefore all materiality is subject to performative engagement within varied, and specific, conditions of encounter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_1