cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects ofp-chlorophenylalanine on the metabolism of serotonin from 5-hydroxytryptophan.

The effects ofD,L-ϱ-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA-methyl ester) and two of its metabolites, 2-(ϱ-chlorophenyl)-ethylamine (PCPEA) and ϱ-chlorophenylacetic acid (PCPAA), on the metabolism of serotonin (5-HT) fromD,L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) ware studied in vitro and in vivo using the telencephalon and brainstem of the rat. For in vivo studies and some in vitro experiments, rats were injected with either 100 mg/kg PCPA-methyl ester or saline alone on days 1, 2, and 3, and were killed on day 15. When the in vivo metabolism of 5-HT was to be studied, the saline group and the PCPA group of animals were injected with 75 μg/kg [3H]D,L-5-HTP 20 min before sacrificing. With respect to the values found for the saline-injected animals, the specific activity (S.A.; dpm/nmol) of 5-HIAA was significantly greater in the telencephanol and brainstem of the animals injected with PCPA-methyl ester. The S.A. of 5-HTP was the same in both groups; the S.A. of 5-HT was lower in the telencephalon of the PCPA group than in the saline group; in the brainstem, there was no difference. In both the saline- and PCPA-injected animals, the S.A. of 5-HIAA was greater than the S.A. of 5-HT. There was no difference between the saline- and PCPA-injected animals with regard to: (1)L-5-HTP decarboxylase activity; (2)L-5-HTP-induced release of [3H]5-HT in vitro from crude nerve ending fractions (P2); or (3) in vitro uptake of [3H]D,L-5-HTP and its conversion to [3H]5-HT using the P2 fraction. In vitro studies demonstrated that the PCPEA could directly cause a large increase in the release of [3H]5-HT from the P2 fraction, whereas PCPA and PCPAA had little or no apparent effect. The data were interpreted to suggest that in the telencephalon of the animals treated with PCPA-methyl ester, there was a higher turnover of 5-HT than was found in the saline-treated group.
Theory of positron annihilation in the spinon-holon picture

Abstract Discussed are the generic predictions of theories based upon the spinon-holon picture. In such theories there is a separation of the charge degrees of freedom associated with the holons and the spin degrees of freedom associated with the spinons. The nature of the spinon ground state, near to halt filling (one physical electron per site) is of key importance. There are two general classes of spinon ground states. One class consists of ground states which cause there to exist a fictitious magnetic flux, either time independent or fluctuating. Within the second class there exists a BCS pair amplitude. While, at half filling, these two types of pairing are equivalent, by virtue of an SU(2) symmetry, for a finite doping, the predictions for the momentum distribution are quite different. These generic issues are illustrated by simple model calculations.
Relationship of Circadian Temperature and Activity Rhythms in Two Rodent Species

Despite the large number of publications concerning circadian body temperature in rodents, relatively little is known about phase relationships of the body temperature cycle relative to daily locomotor rhythms. Phase angle differences between core body temperature and locomotor activity were determined by a group of overlapping methods for 14 hamsters and 11 chipmunks under constant light (LL) and entrained (LD) photo schedules. The study compared the onset of the body temperature cycle with three separate components of daily locomotor activity: the onset of wheel running, the onset of total activity in a standard wheel cage, and the onset of total activity in a restricted cage, respectively. The temperature cycle showed a pronounced phase lead over onset of wheel-running activity in all hamsters and in the majority of chipmunks, but the phase lead was reduced when total activity was considered. With activity restriction, the onset of temperature rise and activity onset concurred. The body temperature onset in some species may serve as a valid phase point for indirect measurement of circadian timing, but the potential artifact of masking by heat generated from muscular activity should be kept clearly in mind.
The shape of self-evaluation: Implicit theories of intelligence and judgments of intellectual ability

Self-report distributions of self-evaluations are proposed to convey information beyond unidimensional (e.g., Likert-type) measures. Two studies tested the hypothesis that the shape of a distribution-type measure of self-evaluation of intellectual ability, as well as the central tendency and variability, is a meaningful indicator of individual differences. Specifically, one correlational study showed that measures of central tendency, variability, and skew were uniquely associated with self-ratings of ability level, self-certainty, and implicit theories of intelligence, respectively. An experiment explored the finding that incremental theorists (Dweck, 1999) reported more negatively skewed distributions than entity theorists. Only incremental theorists who wrote essays about recent intellectual growth created negatively skewed distributions; entity theorists did not. Evidence supports the hypotheses that self-report distributions are multiply informative and idiographic measures of self-evaluation, that negative skew on intellectual ability distributions can represent perceptions of growth, and that incremental theorists typically take this perspective when evaluating their own intellectual ability.
Fault-Tolerant Routing in DeBruijn Comrnunication Networks

A class of communication networks which is suitable for "multiple processor systems" was studied by Pradhan and Reddy. The underlying graph (to be called Shift and Replace graph or SRG) is based on DeBruijn digraphs and is a function of two parameters r and m. Pradhan and Reddy have shown that the node-connectivity of SRG is at least r. The same authors give a routing algorithm which generally requires 2m hops if the number of node failures is ≤(r -1). In this paper we show that the node-connectivity of SRG is (2r - 2). This would immediately imply that the system can tolerate up to (2r - 3) node failures. We then present routing methods for situations with a certain number of node failures. When this number is ≤(r - 2) our routing algorithm requires at most m + 3 + logr m hops if 3 + logr m ≤m. When the number of node failures is ≤(2r - 3) our routing algorithm requires at most m + 5 + logr m hops if 4 + logr m ≤ m. In all the other situations our routing algorithm requires no more than 2m hops. The routing algorithms are shown to be computationally efficient.
Effects of intrathecal injection of a hyperpolarization‐activated channel (Ih) inhibitor ZD7288 on bladder function in urethane‐anesthetized rats

Aims The role of Ih channels at the spinal level in the control of bladder function was examined in urethane anesthetized female rats. Methods Bladder activity was recorded via a transurethral catheter under isovolumetric conditions or via an intravesical catheter during continuous infusion cystometry. ZD7288, a selective Ih channel inhibitor, was administered intrathecally at L6–S1 segmental levels of the spinal cord. Results Under isovolumetric conditions, intrathecal 0.3 µg of ZD7288 was inactive, whereas 1 and 3 µg abolished bladder activity for 5.6 ± 1.8 and 20.7 ± 3.9 min, respectively. Three micrograms also tended to decrease the amplitude of the contractions when they reappeared. During continuous cystometry, an intrathecal injection of ZD7288 at 0.3–3 µg dose-dependently increased the intercontraction intervals by 7.5%, 33.1%, and 57.5% from pre-drug values. A higher dose of ZD7288 (3 µg) tended to increase the pressure threshold for inducing micturition by 16.6% and the maximum voiding pressure by 11.1%. On the other hand, cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate and mean blood pressure were not affected by 0.3–3 µg of intrathecal ZD7288. Conclusions These results indicate that Ih channels play an important role in the control of micturition. Because Ih channel inhibition in the lumbosacral spinal cord reduced the frequency of the micturition reflex without significantly affecting the amplitude of reflex bladder contraction, Ih channels might preferentially be involved in afferent processing in the spinal cord to control the micturition reflex. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:838–844, 2008, © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PPBS and Cost Effectiveness Analysis

PPBS is depicted as a means for formulating more precise curricular objectives and extending the time horizon in educational planning. Program budgets focus upon programs to be accomplished rather than objects to be purchased, and thus PPBS provides for the development of performance indicators and cost-effectiveness criteria as administrative tools.
Comparative assessment of first-line agents for treatment of hypertension

Abstract To compare the safety and efficacy of isradipine as an antihypertensive drug, five studies were performed with other antihypertensive drugs. In each, isradipine was given in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg twice daily and its effects were compared with those of placebo, propranolol, prazosin, and hydrochlorothiazide. The studies were randomized and double-blinded, employing either a fixed or forced titration. Studies were designed with a three-week placebo washout period followed by four to 10 weeks of active therapy. Isradipine was administered to 288 patients and resulted in a mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 16.2 mm Hg; in 81 percent of the patients it decreased by more than 10 mm Hg. Corresponding values for the other drugs tested were: placebo (n = 78), 5.9 mm Hg and 32 percent; propranolol (n = 31), 9.8 mm Hg and 39 percent; and prazosin (n = 33), 13 mm Hg and 69 percent. Isradipine was generally well tolerated, with few reported side effects.
Left ventricular pacing in persistent left superior vena cava: a case series and potential application.

Aims Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is found in 0.3–2% of the population. Pacemaker implant in PLSVC can be technically challenging. Most operators have hitherto manipulated ventricular leads through the coronary sinus (CS) into the right ventricle (RV). In this case series, we describe the use of standard passive tined ventricular leads implanted into the left ventricular (LV) epicardial veins in PLSVC. Methods and results Three patients with PLSVC underwent pacemaker implantation for bradycardia. Contrast injection in the dilated CS identified LV coronary veins. Standard passive tined pacing leads were manoeuvred into these branches using hand-shaped stylets without need for additional equipment. Atrial leads were actively fixed to the anterolateral right atrial wall. There were no procedural complications. Chronic ventricular capture threshold at 6 months of follow-up was 1.0 mV@ 0.4 ms. Conclusion Implanting standard leads into the LV veins in PLSVC is safe, effective, and simple without the need for special tools. This is easier than manipulating leads into the RV in PLSVC. Longer-term follow-up and dedicated clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this approach.
Identification of the minor guanylated tRNA of rabbit reticulocytes.

Abstract Two of the tRNA's found in rabbit reticulocytes are substrates for a post-transcriptional modification leading to the incorporation of guanine into the polynucleotide chain. The major guanylated tRNA was previously identified as tRNA(H3is). In the present report we show that the minor guanylated tRNA is tRNA(A2sn), and that just as in the case of tRNA(His), the guanine is located in an internal position. There are only two tRNA(Asn) in reticulocytes. We further show that one of these, the one that is not labeled with guanine, contains the hypermodified base known as Q. tRNA(A2sn) does not contain Q.
Regulation of membrane fusion by the membrane-proximal coil of the t-SNARE during zippering of SNAREpins

We utilize structurally targeted peptides to identify a “tC fusion switch” inherent to the coil domains of the neuronal t-SNARE that pairs with the cognate v-SNARE. The tC fusion switch is located in the membrane-proximal portion of the t-SNARE and controls the rate at which the helical bundle that forms the SNAREpin can zip up to drive bilayer fusion. When the fusion switch is “off” (the intrinsic state of the t-SNARE), zippering of the helices from their membrane-distal ends is impeded and fusion is slow. When the tC fusion switch is “on,” fusion is much faster. The tC fusion switch can be thrown by a peptide that corresponds to the membrane-proximal half of the cognate v-SNARE, and binds reversibly to the cognate region of the t-SNARE. This structures the coil in the membrane-proximal domain of the t-SNARE and accelerates fusion, implying that the intrinsically unstable coil in that region is a natural impediment to the completion of zippering, and thus, fusion. Proteins that stabilize or destabilize one or the other state of the tC fusion switch would exert fine temporal control over the rate of fusion after SNAREs have already partly zippered up.
Investigation of Urban Air Temperature and Humidity Patterns during Extreme Heat Conditions Using Satellite-Derived Data

AbstractExtreme heat is a leading cause of weather-related human mortality. The urban heat island (UHI) can magnify heat exposure in metropolitan areas. This study investigates the ability of a new MODIS-retrieved near-surface air temperature and humidity dataset to depict urban heat patterns over metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, during June–August 2003–13 under clear-sky conditions. A self-organizing mapping (SOM) technique is used to cluster air temperature data into six predominant patterns. The hottest heat patterns from the SOM analysis are compared with the 11-summer median conditions using the urban heat island curve (UHIC). The UHIC shows the relationship between air temperature (and dewpoint temperature) and urban land-use fraction. It is found that during these hottest events 1) the air temperature and dewpoint temperature over the study area increase most during nighttime, by at least 4 K relative to the median conditions; 2) the urban–rural temperature/humidity gradient is decreased as a result...
The Process of Probability Problem Solving: Use of External Visual Representations

We investigate the role of external inscriptions, particularly those of a spatial or visual nature, in the solution of probability word problems. We define a taxonomy of external visual representations used in probability problem solving that includes pictures, spatial reorganization of the given information, outcome listings, contingency tables, Venn diagrams, trees, and novel graphical representations. We also propose a process model for probability problem solving (PPS) and use it as a framework to better understand how and why external visual representations are used. In a study of 34 novice probability problem solvers, participants worked to solve six probability word problems covering six probability subtopics. Both written and verbal structured interview protocols were analyzed to investigate when and how external visual representations are spontaneously used by problem solvers. Analyses of the coded transcripts showed that participants' probability problem-solving efforts move through the stages o...
Potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist treatment increases cholesterol efflux capacity in humans with the metabolic syndrome.

Aims Fibrate medications weakly stimulate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and are currently employed clinically in patients with dyslipidaemia. The potent and selective agonist of PPAR-α LY518674 is known to substantially increase apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) turnover without major impact on steady-state levels of apoA-I or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). We sought to determine whether therapy with a PPAR-α agonist impacts cholesterol efflux capacity, a marker of HDL function. Methods and results Cholesterol efflux capacity was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving participants with metabolic syndrome treated with either LY518674 100 μg daily ( n = 13) or placebo ( n = 15). Efflux capacity assessment was quantified using a previously validated ex vivo assay that measures the ability of apolipoprotein-B depleted plasma to mobilize cholesterol from macrophages. LY518674 led to a 15.7% increase from baseline (95% CI 3.3–28.1%; P = 0.02, P vs. placebo = 0.01) in efflux capacity. The change in apoA-I production rate in the active treatment arm was strongly linked to change in cholesterol efflux capacity ( r = 0.67, P = 0.01). Conclusions Potent stimulation of PPAR-α leads to accelerated turnover of apoA-I and an increase in cholesterol efflux capacity in metabolic syndrome patients despite no change in HDL-C or apoA-I levels. This finding reinforces the notion that changes in HDL-C levels may poorly predict impact on functionality and thus has implications for ongoing pharmacologic efforts to enhance apoA-I metabolism.
Quantitative Study of Bone Activity in Alveolar and Femoral Bone of the Guinea Pig

Tracings of microradiographic projections were measured with a planimeter to assess bone-forming activity. Values for forming bone were higher in the maxilla than in the mandible. In femoral bone, the high to low values were in the metaphysis, the epiphysis, and the diaphysis, respectively. The inverse relationship was found between forming and static bone.
Effect of Intervention With the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on Access and Goal Attainment

Promoting self-determination has been identified as best practice in special education and transition services and as a means to promote goal attainment and access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities. There have been, however, limited evaluations of the effects of interventions to promote self-determination on outcomes related to access to the general education curriculum. This article reports findings from a cluster or group-randomized trial control group study examining the impact of intervention using the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on students’ academic and transition goal attainment and on access to the general education curriculum for students with intellectual disability and learning disabilities. Findings support the efficacy of the model for both goal attainment and access to the general education curriculum, though students varied in the patterns of goal attainment as a function of type of disability.
Nonlinear fibre-optic receiver for ultrashort pulse code division multiple access communications

The authors present experimental results on a nonlinear optical receiver For ultrashort pulse code division multiple access communications which uses nonlinear frequency shift effects in optical fibres to perform intensity discrimination with femtosecond response times. The receiver exhibits a contrast ratio of nearly 1000 for received pulse energies of /spl sim/1 pJ.
Data-driven discovery through e-science technologies

Future space missions and science programs will be massive data producers. The technology to produce large data volumes must be matched by technologies to process, analyze, and make use of the data flood, in order to reap the maximum engineering benefit and scientific return from those technology investments. In particular, the integration of data from multiple sources will be standard practice, both for operational decision-making and for scientific decision-making. We describe the application of the emerging e-science paradigm and its related technologies to data-driven discovery in space missions of the future.
Changes in Oligomerization Are Essential for the Chaperone Activity of a Small Heat Shock Protein in Vivo and in Vitro

The ability of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) to prevent thermal aggregation of other proteins may require disassembly and reassembly of sHSP oligomers. We investigated the role of changes in sHSP oligomerization by studying a mutant with reduced oligomeric stability. In HSP16.6, the single sHSP in the cyanobacteriumSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the mutation L66A causes oligomer instability and reduced chaperone activity in vitro. Because thermotolerance of Synechocystisdepends on HSP16.6, a phenotype that is enhanced in a ΔClpB1 strain, the effect of mutations can also be assayed in vivo. L66A causes severe defects in thermotolerance, suggesting that oligomeric stability of sHSPs is required for cellular function. This hypothesis was supported by a selection for intragenic suppressors of L66A, which identified mutations that stabilize oligomers of both L66A and wild-type HSP16.6. Analysis of both over- and under-oligomerizing mutants suggests that sHSPs must disassemble before they can release substrates. Furthermore, the suppressor mutations not only restorein vivo activity to L66A, they also ameliorate chaperone defects in vitro, and thus provide the first direct evidence for a chaperone function of an sHSP in cellular thermotolerance.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SHEET ROLLING INSTABILITY

Dynamic rolling instability known as fifth-octave chatter is studied using a nonlinear model developed to describe the responses of work rolls subjected to the exertion of sheet forces of various spectral characteristics. The model enables the dynamic instability of sheet rolling to be correlated with work roll stiffness, rolling speed, inter-stand tension, roll-bite entry and exit thickness, and the sheet force resulted from the interactive action of the work roll with the plastic deformation of the rolled strip. It is found that roll-bit elastic-plastic deformation sheet force is nonlinearly coupled with the rollstack stiffness and also plays a dominant role in affecting rolling instability. In addition, whenever the frequency spectrum of the normal sheet forces containing spectral components that match the fundamental modes of the roll stand, resonance-like beating would occur. This highly linear physical phenomenon, which is accompanied by large vibration amplitudes in the active work rolls, is recognized as chatter. Although many different dynamic modes of instability including mode excitation and beating are induced in response to sheet forces of nonlinear and non-stationary in nature, however, the rolling system never responds chaotically.
Some Ethical Dimensions of Additional Education for the 21st Century

In October of 1998, the ASCE Board of Direction adopted Policy Statement 465 supporting the concept of the master’s degree or equivalent as a prerequisite for licensure and practice of civil engineering at the professional level. Citing globalization, an intricate and complex infrastructure, and new engineering and information technologies, in October of 2001, the board unanimously voted to move forward with a revised Policy Statement 465, entitled “Academic Prerequisites for Licensure and Professional Practice.” This paper examines the ethical dimensions surrounding the call for additional education. To this end, the ASCE Code of Ethics will be discussed as a living document that governs the practice of safe, effective, and professional civil engineering, and will be brought to bear on the issues surrounding the implementation of ASCE Policy Statement 465.
Oceanic vertical exchange and new production: a comparison between models and observations

This paper explores the relationship between large-scale vertical exchange and the cycling of biologically active nutrients within the ocean. It considers how the parameterization of vertical and lateral mixing effects estimates of newproduction (defined as the net uptake of phosphate). A baseline case is run with low vertical mixing in the pycnocline and a relatively lowlateral diffusion coefficient. The magnitude of the diapycnal diffusion coefficient is then increased within the pycnocline, within the pycnocline of the Southern Ocean, and in the top 50 m; while the lateral diffusion coefficient is increased throughout the ocean. It is shown that it is possible to change lateral and vertical diffusion coefficients so as to preserve the structure of the pycnocline while changing the pathways of vertical exchange and hence the cycling of nutrients. Comparisons between the different models reveal that new production is very sensitive to the level of vertical mixing within the pycnocline, but only weakly sensitive to the level of lateral and upper ocean diffusion. The results are compared with two estimates of new production based on ocean color and the annual cycle of nutrients. On a global scale, the observational estimates are most consistent with the circulation produced with a low diffusion coefficient within the pycnocline, resulting in a new production of around 10 GtC yr � 1 : On a regional level, however, large differences appear between observational and model based estimates. In the tropics, the models yield systematically higher levels of newproduction than the observational estimates. Evidence from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific suggests that this is due to both biases in the data used to generate the observational estimates and problems with the models. In the North Atlantic, the observational estimates vary more than the models, due in part to the methodology by which the nutrient-based climatology is constructed. In the North Pacific, the modelled values of newproduction are all much lower than the observational estimates, probably as a result of the failure to form intermediate
Efficient Broadcast in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with a Realistic Physical Layer

To minimize energy consumption, efficient broadcasting in ad hoc networks requires the selection of small sets of forwarding nodes and the use of small transmission radii. However, the physical-layer characteristics of radio links are such that receivers may not be able to decode packets sent to them, even without multiple access interference. We present an analytical model to show that the transmission radii used for nodes can be used to establish a tradeoff between minimizing energy consumption and ensuring network coverage. We then propose a mechanism called redundant radius, which involves using two transmission radii, to form a buffer zone that guarantees the availability of logical links in the physical network, one for broadcast-tree calculation and the other for actual data transmission. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving network coverage is validated analytically and by simulation.
8 – Transcription Regulation in B-cell Development

This chapter discusses transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that promote B-lymphocyte differentiation. Transcription regulation determines which genes in the genome will be read out as messenger RNA, and thus it is essential to establish tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. Once a gene is transcribed, other form of regulation, such as RNA turnover, differential splicing, and regulated translation determine the nature of the expressed protein and whether a protein will be expressed. Finally, proteins are subjected to additional forms of regulation, such as stability, posttranslational modifications, and associations with other proteins. Lymphocytes arise continuously during the lifetime of mammals starting from a self-renewing population of bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The transcription factor PU.1 is an ETS-domain containing DNA binding protein1 that is required for the generation of both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Bone marrow cell cultures from PU.1 deficient mice skewed toward myeloid differentiation in vitro in the presence of high levels of ectopically expressed PU.1. In contrast, lower levels of PU.1 expression favored differentiation to the B-lymphocyte lineage.
Arguing from Analogy? Invoking the Human Trafficking Model for Organs

Beginning with the premise that human trafficking is a serious human rights violation, this manuscript uses existing literature and case studies to examine the extent to which organ trafficking is analogous to human trafficking. Specifically, I argue that the definition of organ trafficking that has been proposed in the literature does not adequately account for the practical and philosophical differences between human trafficking and organ trafficking. Importantly, it fails to distinguish the harms of exploitation from those of coercion. Related to this, it effectively reduces all commercialization to trafficking. A more nuanced understanding of the harms to persons who are victims of trafficking is needed to inform discussions about the extent to which the analogy is useful in developing public policy and law in this area.
Reliability of Two Measures of Imagery

Reliabilities were sought for the two most frequently used imagery assessment devices, the Vividness of Imagery Scale of Betts Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery and Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control. Reliability was assessed by means of test-retest and Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha using 147 subjects. Betts scale test-retest reliabilities ranged from .72 to .75, and alphas ranged from .90 to .94. Gordon scale test-retest reliabilities ranged from .81 to .86 and alphas from .53 to .74. Testing implications are discussed.
How to Conduct Effective Telephone and E-Mail Negotiations

Attorneys negotiate regularly, frequently on the telephone or through e-mail exchanges. Many wing it on the phone, ignoring the fact their counterparts can easily hear their verbal leaks and read their nonverbal signals associated with the pitch, pace, tone, volume, inflections, and pauses of their voices. They fail to appreciate the fact that when they are talking on their cell phones, their counterparts may be distracted by what is going on around them, and confidential client information may be overheard by total strangers. It is easier for persons to negotiate more aggressively through e-mail exchanges than in person, and easier to reject offers being transmitted. It can be highly beneficial to conduct brief Preliminary Stages on the phone to enable them to establish good relationships with their counterparts before they begin e-mail exchanges, and to phone their counterparts after they send them proposals to hear their questions and responses. Many also fail to appreciate the fact that when they exchange Word files, every key stroke made in their files have been recorded in the electronic meta data, and their counterparts can mine these meta data and see every change they have made -- and even communications they may have had with superiors or clients. It is thus critical for them to use scrubbing software, now included in Word files, to eliminate such meta data before they send files to others.
Evaluation and analysis of academic influence of Fujian agricultural journals

Total citation frequency and other periodical citation rate of 16 kinds of agricultural journals in Fujian Province in the past decade are subjected to statistics and comparison.The results shows that 3 kinds of academic journals such as Jouranl of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences and 2 kinds of technical journals such as Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology,Journal of Fjuian Forestry Science and Technology have higher academic influence.The statistics results and methods are also analyzed.
X-ray image edge detection based on modulus maximum of wavelet transform

This paper applies wavelet transform to X-ray image edge detection after analyzing the characteristics of X-ray image and presents an algorithm of edge detection on the basis of maximum of wavelet transform modulus.The defect edges are detected by quadratic B-spline and Mallat algorithm which is used in the wavelet decomposition.The blocked threshold is mentioned to ascertain the points of modulus maximum and the defects edges are obtained.Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm has good anti-noise property and that the defect edges detection has strong continuity.
Nanoscale Hafnium Oxide RRAM Devices Exhibit Pulse Dependent Behavior and Multi-level Resistance Capability

Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is a novel form of non-volatile memory that is expected to play a major role in future computing and memory solutions. It has been shown that the resistance of RRAM devices can be precisely tuned by modulating switching voltages, by limiting peak current, and by adjusting the switching pulse duration. This enables the realization of novel applications such as memristive neuromorphic computing and neural network computing. The RRAM devices described in this work utilize an inert tungsten bottom electrode, hafnium oxide based active switching layer, a titanium oxygen exchange layer, and an inert titanium nitride top electrode. Linear sweep and controlled pulse (down to 10 ns) based electrical characterization of RRAM devices was performed in a 1 transistor 1 RRAM (1T1R) configuration to determine endurance, reliability, retention and threshold voltage parameters. We demonstrated endurance values above 108 cycles with an average on/off ratio of 15 and pulse voltages for set/reset operation of ±1.5V. The on-chip 1T1R structures show an excellent controllability with respect to the low and high resistive state by manipulating the peak current from 75 up to 350µA we were able to achieve 10 discrete resistive states. Our results demonstrate that the set operation (which shifts the RRAM device from the high to the low resistance state) is only dependent on the voltage of the switching pulse and the peak current limit. The reset operation, however, occurs in an analog fashion and appears to be dependent on the total energy of the applied switching pulse. Pulse energy was modulated by varying the peak voltage which resulted in a larger relative change of the RRAM device resistance.
Photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularisation secondary to inflammatory chorioretinal disease.

Introduction: To review the long-term outcome ofphotodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for inflammatory chorioretinal disease with subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) over a 1-year period. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of eyes with subfoveal CNV for associated choroiditis that were treated with PDT using verteporfin over a 1-year period. Main outcome measure: visual acuity. Results: Five eyes in 4 patients, with diagnoses including serpiginous choroiditis (2), ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS, 1), and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC, 2) underwent standard treatment procedure for PDT with verteporfin. Visual acuity, fluorescein angiography and treatment parameters were reviewed. Follow-up ranged from 12 months to 36 months (median, 36 months). Pre-PDT visual acuities ranged from 20/60 to 20/400 (median, 20/200). Post-PDT visual acuities ranged from 20/30 to 20/400 at 1 year (median, 20/300). Visual acuity was stabilised (within 1 line) or improved (greater than 1 line) in 3 eyes at 1 year and 4 of the 5 eyes at last follow-up. Conclusion: PDT for subfoveal CNV may stabilise, but rarely improves, visual acuity in eyes with choroidal neovascularisation secondary to inflammatory chorioretinal disease.
The effect of graded insulin doses on incompletely vagotomized subjects.

In 5 incompletely vagotomized patients with “early” positive responses to insulin stimulation, the dose–response curve for insulin stimulation of acid was unaltered when compared with normal subjects. The greatest mean peak 15-min acid output occurred following the 0.4 unit per kg dose which was, however, only slightly greater than the response following 0.2 unit per kg. The latter dose is recommended for performing both pre- and postoperative insulin tests.
Treatment of functional amenorrhea-galactorrhea with 2-bromoergocryptine.

The present study was undertaken to investigate not only the effectiveness of bromoergocryptine therapy in 13 women with amenorrhea-galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia without evidence of organic pathology, but also to assess the value of pretreatment evaluation in predicting the response to therapy. Sella turcica tomography, base line serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, T 4 , plasma cortisol levels, and the growth hormone reserve were normal in all patients. The pretreatment administration of LH-releasing factor (LRF) (100 μg subcutaneously) resulted in either a normal or excessive release of LH. On bromoergocryptine therapy, cyclic menses were reinitiated in 10 of the women, while conception occurred prior to reinitiation of menses in the remaining three women. The time required for resumption of menses or conception on therapy correlated well with the magnitude of gonadotropin response to LRF. No correlation was seen with pretreatment prolactin levels nor with the degree of suppression of prolactin during bromoergocryptine therapy. In four women the mean prolactin levels during therapy were above normal, and in one patient prolactin levels approached pretreatment values during therapy, The initiation of cyclic menses despite continued hyperprolactinemia may indicate a possible direct effect of bromoergocryptine on hypothalamic LRF secretion as a partial explanation for its therapeutic action. On discontinuation of bromoergocryptine therapy, serum prolactin levels rapidly returned to pretreatment values or higher in all of the patients studied. In contrast to previous studies in which amenorrhea recurred in all patients after discontinuation of therapy, three of our patients maintained cyclic menses despite continued hyperprolactinemia. The recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after discontinuation of bromoergocryptine would indicate a persistent autonomy of the mechanisms involved. Periodic endocrine evaluation will be necessary to substantiate the presence or absence of pituitary microadenoma in these women.
Thrombin and plasmin activity and platelet activation in the development of venous thrombosis

This study was designed to determine whether venous thrombosis is associated with a characteristic pattern in the plasma concentrations of fibrinopeptides and platelet alpha granule proteins. Patients undergoing elective craniotomy for tumor or vascular abnormality were studied prospectively for venous thrombosis with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test and with daily measurement of the plasma concentrations of FPA (fibrinopeptide A), TIFPB (thrombin-increasable fibrinopeptide B reflecting Bβ 1-42), and βTG (β-thromboglobulin). Eighteen patients developed venous thrombosis and 14 did not. In the 14 patients who did not develop thrombosis, the mean FPA level was highest on the day after surgery and exceeded the TIFPB level so that the ratio of FPA to TIFPB, which is ≤0.5 in normals, was 1.2. During the next 14 days, both FPA and TIFPB levels were elevated, but the FPA/TIFPB ratio was not significantly different from the preoperative value. βTG and PF4 levels showed no clear pattern of change in the postoperative period. In 10 of the patients who developed thrombosis, the time of onset of thrombosis was documented by a change in the leg scan from negative to positive. In these 10 patients, the mean FPA level rose to equal the TIFPB level, producing an FPB/TIFPB ratio of approximately 1.0 for the 4 days preceding the change of the leg scan from negative to positive (p
Language and Animal Competencies

Hard data collected since the 1970s declare that the great apes are not the mindless, senseless beast machines that Descartes declared all animals to be. Research with great apes clearly has demonstrated their capacity to learn symbols and/or signs, even without formal training, that function as words for purposes of communication and problem solving. Apes use their symbols/signs with semantic competence and can use them reliably and appropriately not just to request things, but to comment on items and events, to categorize items, to suggest activities, to describe objects, and so on. Notably the bonobo chimpanzee, Kanzi, can comprehend novel sentences of request spoken to him. Hence, apes have competence for basic dimensions of language that are basic to language as we know it in humans. The roots of human symbolic thought and language are clearly rooted in the great apes, our nearest living relatives.
OAWS: Memory Occlusion Aware Warp Scheduling

We have closely examined GPU resource utilization when executing memory-intensive benchmarks. Our detailed analysis of GPU global memory accesses reveals that divergent loads can lead to the occlusion of Load-Store units, resulting in quick consumption of MSHR entries. Such memory occlusion prevents other ready memory instructions from accessing L1 data cache, eventually stalling warp schedulers and degrading the overall performance. We have designed memory Occlusion Aware Warp Scheduling (OAWS) that can dynamically predict the demand of MSHR entries of divergent memory instructions, and maximize the number of concurrent warps such that their aggregate MSHR consumptions are within the MSHR capacity. Our dynamic OAWS policy can prevent memory occlusions and effectively leverage more MSHR entries for better IPC performance for GPU. Experimental results show that the static and dynamic versions of OAWS achieve 36.7% and 73.1% performance improvement, compared to the baseline GTO scheduling. Particularly, dynamic OAWS outperforms MASCAR, CCWS, and SWL-Best by 70.1%, 57.8%, and 11.4%, respectively.
Precipitation from mixed solvents—I aluminium 8-hydroxyquinolate

Abstract The precipitation of aluminium 8-hydroxyquinolate from a buffered acetone-water system has been effected by the volatilisation of the acetone. The use of this procedure results in a precipitate with physical characteristics superior to that obtained in the conventional manner and allows more efficient separation from interfering cations. Separations of 10-mg quantities of aluminium from an equal amount of cadmium as well as separations of 25-mg quantities of aluminium from at least 420 mg of magnesium and twice that amount of calcium can easily be accomplished. These results compare favourably with those obtained by hydrolysis of 8-acetoxyquinoline. A procedure is described for the quantitative determination of 2–10 mg of aluminium.
Transfer of TRPV1 Sodium Binding Site into TRPV2

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is a nonselective cation channel activated by a wide variety of agonists, including acid, toxins, capsaicin, and noxious temperatures above 42°C. While recent cryo-EM structures have revealed the binding pockets for capsaicin, double-knot toxin (DkTx), and resiniferatoxin (RTx), no consensus has been reached on the structural basis of temperature activation. It was recently discovered that removal of sodium from the extracellular side of the membrane shifts a temperature-dependent opening transition such that TRPV1 is open at room temperature, indicating that sodium binding modulates activation by temperature.TRPV1's closest relative, TRPV2, is similar in sequence and structure, and can be rendered sensitive to the TRPV1-selective agonist RTx by only two point mutations, suggesting that the two channels have similar underlying gating mechanisms. In spite of these similarities, TRPV2 fails to respond to most TRPV1 agonists, including temperatures near 42°C, and TRPV2 is not activated by removal of extracellular sodium. To probe the link between temperature dependence and sodium sensitivity, and to localize the sodium ion binding site, we generated a series of chimeras in which transmembrane regions of TRPV1 were transferred into TRPV2. Transfer of the entire transmembrane domain and TRP box of TRPV1 into TRPV2 resulted in chimeras that became activated upon sodium removal, supporting the feasibility of our strategy. Although none of chimeras in which small regions of TRPV1 were transferred into TRPV2 were activated upon sodium removal, several exhibit potentiation when sodium is removed in the presence of subthreshold concentrations of agonist, indicating the successful transfer of the sodium binding site. Ongoing experiments are focused on determining the minimal TRPV1-like sodium binding site and characterizing the temperature-activation thresholds of these chimeric proteins to determine whether TRPV1-like temperature sensitivity is conferred by the sodium-binding domain.
Daniel Hudson, CSC, and the American Catholic Hierarchy, 1884-1899

Holy Cross priest Daniel Hudson edited the Ave Maria weekly magazine for fifty-four years between 1875 and 1929. During this period his oversight saw the magazine exhibit a "progressive orthodoxy" through its articles and editorials. Hudson and his authors generally held progressive views of social needs while simultaneously defending the orthodox faith in issues ranging from the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1884 to the condemnation of Modernism in 1907.Hudson was open to various viewpoints, believing that bishops were autonomous,but always upheld the institutional church and it teachings. A study of his workand longevity at the helm of Ave Maria provides great insight into a leading voicein American Catholic media during a pivotal period of American Catholic history.
Patterns of divergence in fish species separated by the Isthmus of Panama

The Pleistocene closure of Isthmus of Panama, separating the basins of the Eastern Pacific and the Caribbean Sea, created a unique natural experiment that reveals how marine faunas respond to environmental change. To explore how fishes have been affected by this tectonic event, I compare transisthmian patterns in phylogeny and morphology for geminate lineages in two families, Eleotridae (sleepers) and Apogonidae (cardinalfishes). Time-calibrated phylogenies for these families show different diversification patterns. In Eleotridae, several independent shallow instances of transisthmian divergences occur, with one or a few species on either side of the Isthmus. Among Apogonidae, a single clade of Eastern Pacific species is nested within a broad Caribbean radiation that also includes a species known from the Mediterranean. Divergence time estimates for taxa isolated by closure of the Isthmus are broadly congruent. Hypotheses dated with deeper, fossil-based legacy calibrations put the divergences in the Miocene at 7.4–15.1 Ma, while those estimated with a shallow biogeographic calibration of final Isthmus closure range from 5.1 to 9.9 Ma, in the late Miocene/early Pliocene. Eleotridae are more euryhaline than Apogonidae, but do not exhibit shallower transisthmian divergences. In both families, descendent lineages on either side of the Isthmus of Panama exhibit significant shape differences, although that distinction disappears for Apogonidae when I apply a correction for phylogenetic relationships. To evaluate the tempo and mode of continuous character evolution, I fit several single and multiple rate evolutionary models to morphometric data reconstructed on the Apogonidae phylogeny. I find that the most highly favored model, as estimated on both legacy and isthmus calibrated hypotheses, is a multiple rate Ornstein-Uhlbeck model, with a mosaic of rate shifts postulated for shape changes among fishes in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific. Although many transisthmian taxa have been compared and their phylogenies calibrated to estimate the dates associated with population sundering, few studies correlate these timing estimates with morphological change. I show that in transisthmian fish lineages, morphometric distinctions are detectable across the Isthmus, and that rates and patterns of shape change have also shifted, with variable manifestations across the body and between the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific.