cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal Authority Regarding Early Adolescents’ Social Technology Use:

Use of social technologies (e.g., cellular telephones, social networking sites) is highly prevalent among American adolescents, in some cases outpacing that of adults (Nielsen Company). Rapid cultural change such as that represented by technological advances comes with the potential to diminish elders’ authority over youth. We analyzed qualitative interviews with 20 African American and European American mother–early adolescent dyads to consider ways in which mothers would—or would not—exert authority over adolescents’ use of social technologies. Three distinct approaches emerged: abdication/loss of authority, conflicted authority, and retained authority. Mothers’ use of these different approaches varied based on factors that included mothers’ and adolescents’ expertise regarding the technology being used, mothers’ perceptions of risks associated with particular technologies, and mothers’ and adolescents’ beliefs and experiences with respect to social technology use.
Calcineurin phosphatase and phospholipase C are required for developmental and pathological functions in the citrus fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata.

Excessive Ca2+ or compounds interfering with phosphoinositide cycling have been found to inhibit the growth of the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata, suggesting a crucial role of Ca2+ homeostasis in this pathotype. The roles of PLC1, a phospholipase C-coding gene and CAL1, a calcineurin phosphatase-coding gene were investigated. Targeted gene disruption showed that both PLC1 and CAL1 were required for vegetative growth, conidial formation and pathogenesis in citrus. Fungal strains lacking PLC1 or CAL1 exhibited extremely slow growth and induced small lesions on calamondin leaves. Δplc1 mutants produced fewer conidia, which germinated at slower rates than wild-type. Δcal1 mutants produced abnormal hyphae and failed to produce any mature conidia, but instead produced highly melanized bulbous hyphae with distinct septae. Fluorescence microscopy using Fluo-3 dye as a Ca2+ indicator revealed that the Δplc1 mutant hyphae emitted stronger cytosolic fluorescence, and the Δcal1 mutant hyphae emitted less cytosolic fluorescence, than those of wild-type. Infection assessed on detached calamondin leaves revealed that application of CaCl2 or neomycin 24 h prior to inoculation provided protection against Alt. alternata. These data indicate that a dynamic equilibrium of cellular Ca2+ is critical for developmental and pathological processes of Alt. alternata.
Performance of AGO score for secondary cytoreduction in a high-volume U.S. center

Abstract Objectives Determine the predictive value of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) score, and prognostic factors for survival, in patients undergoing secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) for recurrent ovarian cancer in a high-volume U.S. center. Methods Medical records of women undergoing SCS between 12/1/1998 and 12/31/2013 were reviewed. Women with no gross residual disease (RD0) at primary surgery, ECOG performance status (PS) ≤1 at recurrence, and no ascites on CT at recurrence were classified as AGO score positive. Women with incomplete information to determine the AGO score were excluded. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) following SCS, respectively, were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results 192 women met inclusion criteria. Median disease-free interval (DFI) was 1.9years (IQR, 1.0–3.5). Of the 102 (53.1%) AGO score positive cases, 84.3% (95% CI, 77.3–91.4%) achieved RD0 at SCS. However, 64.4% of AGO score negative cases also reached RD0. Patients with RD0 after SCS survived longer (median OS, 5.4years) vs. RD ≤1cm (2.4years) vs. RD >1cm (1.3years) (p 1cm (1.0years) (p=0.001). Among those with RD0 at SCS, AGO score was not associated with survival benefit, however, number of disease sites at recurrence, ECOG PS at recurrence, and DFI were associated with OS and PFS. Conclusions AGO score can identify patients with a high likelihood of complete secondary cytoreduction and improved survival. However, most AGO score negative cases were also completed resected at SCS. Additional refinement of the score is needed to exclude women from SCS.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis

Clinical Features Ascending symmetrical muscle weakness that evolves over several days to a week. Nadir of neurologic deficit occurs by 28 days in 95% of cases. Full recovery in 80% of patients. Pain and aching discomfort in muscles. Paraesthesias. Hypotonia with absent reflexes. Facial diplegia is common. Autonomic dysfunction with fluctuating blood pressure and pulse, facial flushing, profuse diaphoresis. Fisher syndrome: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, areflexia.
A Phenomenological Model for Predicting the Combustion Phasing and Variability of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Engines

An advanced combustion mode, Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) has shown the ability to extend loads relative to Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion but at reduced fuel conversion efficiency. SACI combustion is initiated by a spark, with flame propagation followed by a rapid autoignition of the remaining end-gas fuel fraction. Extending upon previous work [1,2], the Wiebe function coefficients used to fit the two combustion phases are regressed here as functions of the air path variables and actuator settings. The parameterized regression model enables mean-value modeling and model-based combustion phasing control. SACI combustion however, exhibits high cyclic variability with random characteristics. Thus, combustion phasing feedback control needs to account for the cyclic variability to correctly filter the phasing data. This paper documents the success in regressing the cyclic variability (defined as the standard deviation in combustion phasing) at various operating conditions, again as a function of air path variables and actuator settings. The combination of the regressed mean and standard deviation models is a breakthrough in predicting the mean-value engine behavior and the random statistics of the cycle-to-cycle variability.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
OBRA '90 and your pharmacy computer system.

Abstract: To keep patient profiles and handle other functions mandated by the new Medicaid law, your computer system may need some changes.
Elite Interviews and State Politics Research

Elite interviews have long been a staple of state politics research. Improved information technology facilitates the use of elite interviews, but also underscores the need for attending to their design, operationalization, and analysis. This essay provides a framework for developing, conducting, and interpreting elite interviews, and suggests means to enhance the validity and reliability of findings by considering instrumentation, sampling, data collection, and transcript analysis.
A Wise Choice of a Vocation: Career Exploration and Identity

Career exploration and identity are core aspects of numerous models about the factors that it takes to successfully direct and manage onei?½s career. Yet, the research on career exploration and car...
Black Business Development

An urgent social problem of special interest to marketing people is discussed in this article.Until recently blacks have primarily operated marginal businesses not particularly attractive to outsid...
Value-based software metrics

Many software metrics, particularly dependability metrics, are usually presented in a value-neutral framework. For example, the primary metric for Reliability, Mean Time Between Failures, is referenced to a one-size-fits-all (and often not explicitly defined) definition of “failure.” This can lead to serious problems, as when operators’ optimization on liveness produces user response times to queries of up to 2 weeks (an actual example). Clearly, unacceptable response time is a “failure” for some stakeholders that should be reflected in the metric definition. The paper presents some initial thoughts and a candidate approach for addressing this issue. 1. Current Interests USC’s Center for Software Engineering has been working on value-based software engineering for several years; see next section.
BIRTH ORDER AND THE NEED FOR AFFILIATION.

Three samples of students were used to test two hypotheses derived from Schachter's work on birth order and the need for affiliation. No relationship was found in either male or female freshmen between birth order and preference for rooming alone or rooming with others. No relationship was found between birth order and choice of group or individual athletic activity. It was suggested that the situational factors must be considered in understanding the influence of birth order on behavior.
Poetry as Qualitative Data for Exploring Social Development and Human Experience in Latin America

Expressive arts research has become a valuable means of exploring the "lived experience" of various social actors, their problems, and dilemmas. Poetry, in particular, has been shown to powerfully document the depth and richness of complex socio-psychological phenomena. This article explores the use of poetry in documenting social development realities in Latin America. It describes the history of poetry-as-qualitative research, and presents examples of both expressive and research poems.
When Too Much Integration and Regulation Hurts: Reenvisioning Durkheim’s Altruistic Suicide

Durkheim’s model of suicide famously includes four types: anomic, egoistic, altruistic, and fatalistic suicides; however, sociology has primarily focused on anomic and egoistic suicides and neglect...
Endothelial Dysfunction as a Link Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes

Context: Cardiovascular risk factors are well-known predictors of the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which has traditionally been considered as a manifestation of diabetes-associated microangiopathy. Because endothelial dysfunction is strongly associated with all cardiovascular risk factors, we hypothesized that it may be a link between cardiovascular risk factors and DPN. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to test whether endothelial dysfunction is a predictor of DPN. Design and Setting: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort composed of patients followed at the Microcirculatory Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Patients: Participants with diabetes without DPN (n = 192) and with DPN (n = 166), subjects with prediabetes (n = 75), and nondiabetic controls (n = 59) were included. Interventions: Endothelial function was assessed with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of endothelial function ...
Neutrophils in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Neutrophils have been suggested to play a role in lupus since the lupus erythematosus (LE) cell phenomenon was described many decades ago. However, until recently, their involvement in the disease process has been largely understudied. Recent evidence indicates that neutrophil dysfunction might provide important insights into the pathogenesis of lupus. Lupus neutrophils are abnormal in many ways. They demonstrate impaired phagocytosis and produce excessive amounts of type 1 interferon, which undoubtedly plays a key pathogenic role in lupus. Neutrophils in lupus patients activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells through toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 by releasing autoantigens contained within neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Indeed, lupus neutrophils are more prone to NETosis, and inhibiting NET formation in lupus might help to protect patients from organ damage and vascular complications in this disease.
Introduction and Conceptual Issues

This book is a transdisciplinary study that straddles the fields of sociolinguistics, migration studies, historical studies, intercultural studies and race and ethnic studies. It draws on data from five years of field work with African communities in regional and metropolitan Australia to provide new empirical and theoretical insights into how transnational identities and interests of small migrant populations can be pushed to the forefront of global identitarian debates. The book tells previously untold stories about the complex cultural, linguistic and political identities of African migrants in Australia and calls for a fresh look into the changing meanings of culture and identity in diasporic contexts. The number of people of African origin in Australia has grown extremely rapidly over the last two decades from a very small base. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) census data indicate that the number of people born in Africa rose from about 250,000 in 2006 to around 338,000 in 2011, representing an increase of 35.2 per cent within a period of five years (ABS, 2007, 2012). Most African immigrants come from multilingual communities and bring with them a rich repertoire of of both homeland languages and ones acquired in transit. This means people of African descent living in Australia are an extremely diverse group, reflecting the linguistic, cultural, ethnic and political diversity of their continent of origin, and also their different immigration trajectories, histories and life journeys as migrants and as refugees.
Learning three-way affinity embeddings for knowledge base completion

Knowledge bases are an extremely important database for knowledge management, which is very useful for question answering, query expansion and other related tasks. However, it often suffers from incompleteness. In this paper, we propose a Three-Way Affinity Embeddings model (TWAE) to map both the entity and relationship into two vectors and consider any two of them direct interaction, and then predict the possible truth of additional facts. The basic idea is that the confidence of the additional predicted fact is determined by three-way affinities in the triplet using the latent representation of each item. Experiments show that our model performs excellent.
GAME OF DECOYS: Optimal Decoy Routing Through Game Theory

Decoy routing is a promising new approach for censorship circumvention that relies on traffic re-direction by volunteer autonomous systems. Decoy routing is subject to a fundamental censorship attack, called routing around decoy (RAD), in which the censors re-route their clients' Internet traffic in order to evade decoy routing autonomous systems. Recently, there has been a heated debate in the community on the real-world feasibility of decoy routing in the presence of the RAD attack. Unfortunately, previous studies rely their analysis on heuristic-based mechanisms for decoy placement strategies as well as ad hoc strategies for the implementation of the RAD attack by the censors. In this paper, we perform the first systematic analysis of decoy routing in the presence of the RAD attack. We use game theory to model the interactions between decoy router deployers and the censors in various settings. Our game-theoretic analysis finds the optimal decoy placement strategies---as opposed to heuristic-based placements---in the presence of RAD censors who take their optimal censorship actions---as opposed to some ad hoc implementation of RAD. That is, we investigate the best decoy placement given the best RAD censorship. We consider two business models for the real-world deployment of decoy routers: a central deployment that resembles that of Tor and a distributed deployment where autonomous systems individually decide on decoy deployment based on their economic interests. Through extensive simulation of Internet routes, we derive the optimal strategies in the two models for various censoring countries and under different assumptions about the budget and preferences of the censors and decoy deployers. We believe that our study is a significant step forward in understanding the practicality of the decoy routing circumvention approach.
Transcriptomics of Environmental Enrichment Reveals a Role for Retinoic Acid Signaling in Addiction

There exists much variability in susceptibility/resilience to addiction in humans. The environmental enrichment paradigm is a rat model of resilience to addiction-like behavior, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this protective phenotype may lead to novel targets for pharmacotherapeutics to treat cocaine addiction. We investigated the differential regulation of transcript levels using RNA sequencing of the rat nucleus accumbens after environmental enrichment/isolation and cocaine/saline self-administration. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of 14,309 transcripts demonstrated that many biofunctions and pathways were differentially regulated. New functional pathways were also identified for cocaine modulation (e.g., Rho GTPase signaling) and environmental enrichment (e.g., signaling of EIF2, mTOR, ephrin). However, one novel pathway stood out above the others, the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. The RA signaling pathway was identified as one likely mediator of the protective enrichment addiction phenotype, an interesting result given that nine retinoic acid signaling-related genes are expressed selectively and at high levels in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh). Subsequent knockdown of Cyp26b1 (an RA degradation enzyme) in the NAcSh of rats confirmed this role by increasing cocaine self-administration as well as cocaine seeking. These results provide a comprehensive account of enrichment effects on the transcriptome and identify retinoic acid signaling as a contributing factor for cocaine addiction.
Alcohol Intake and Risk of Incident Melanoma: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Studies in the United States.

Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of numerous cancers, but existing evidence for an association with melanoma is equivocal. No study has evaluated the association with different anatomic locations of melanoma. Methods: We used data from three large prospective cohort studies to investigate whether alcohol intake was associated with risk of melanoma. Alcohol intake was assessed repeatedly by food-frequency questionnaires. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results: A total of 1,374 cases of invasive melanoma were documented during 3,855,706 person-years of follow-up. There was an association between higher alcohol intake and incidence of invasive melanoma (pooled multivariate HR 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.29] per drink/day; Ptrend = 0.04). Among alcoholic beverages, white wine consumption was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (pooled multivariate HR 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04–1.24] per drink/day; Ptrend Conclusions: Alcohol intake was associated with a modest increase in the risk of melanoma, particularly in UV-protected sites. Impact: These findings further support American Cancer Society Guidelines for Cancer Prevention to limit alcohol intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1550–8. ©2016 AACR.
The Standing Accretion Shock Instability: Enhanced Growth in Rotating Progenitors

We investigate the effect of progenitor rotation on the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) using two- and three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the growth rate of the SASI is a near-linearly increasing function of the specific angular momentum in the accreting gas. Both the growth rate and the angular frequency in the two-dimensional model with cylindrical geometry agree well with previous linear stability analyses. When excited by very small random perturbations, a one-armed spiral mode dominates the small rotation rates predicted by current stellar evolution models, while progressively higher-order modes are seen as the specific angular momentum increases.
Prediction model for cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Comparison of three multivariable methods.

Background Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains an important cause of graft failure after heart transplantation (HT). Although many risk factors for CAV have been identified, there are no clinical prediction models that enable clinicians to determine each recipient's risk of CAV. Methods We studied a cohort of 14 328 heart transplant recipients whose data were reported to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry between 2000 and 2010. The cohort was divided into training (75%) and test (25%) sets. Multivariable modeling was performed in the test set using variables available at the time of heart transplant using three methods: (i) stepwise Cox proportional hazard, (ii) regularized Cox proportional hazard, and (iii) Bayesian network. Results Cardiac allograft vasculopathy developed in 4259 recipients (29.7%) at a median time of 3.0 years after HT. The regularized Cox proportional hazard model yielded the optimal performance and was also the most parsimonious. We deployed this model as an Internet-based risk calculator application. Conclusions We have developed a clinical prediction model for assessing a recipient's risk of CAV using variables available at the time of HT. Application of this model may allow clinicians to determine which recipients will benefit from interventions to reduce the risk of development and progression of CAV.
Cellular Senescence Biomarker p16INK4a+ Cell Burden in Thigh Adipose is Associated With Poor Physical Function in Older Women.

Background Ample evidence implicates cellular senescence as a contributor to frailty and functional decline in rodents, but considerable effort remains to translate these findings to human aging. Methods We quantified senescence biomarker p16INK4a-expressing cells in thigh adipose tissue obtained from older women previously enrolled in a 5-month resistance training intervention, with or without caloric restriction (RT ± CR, n = 11 baseline, 8 pre-post-intervention pairs). Women in this subsample were older (72.9 ± 3.4 y) and overweight/obese (body mass index: 30.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2). p16INK4a+ cells were identified from 12 to 20 random visual fields/sample at 20× magnification (immunohistochemical, nuclear staining) and were present in all adipose samples. Results Cross-sectional associations were observed between p16INK4a+ cell burden and physical function, including grip strength (r = -0.74), 400-m walk time (r = 0.74), 4-m gait speed (r = -0.73), and self-perceived mobility (r = -0.78) (p ≤ .05). These relationships remained significant after independent adjustments for age and adiposity (p ≤ .05). p16INK4a+ cell abundance was lower following the intervention (pre: 5.47 ± 3.4%, post: 2.17 ± 1.1% count p16INK4a+ cells, p ≤ .05). Conclusions These results provide proof-of-concept that p16INK4a+ cells in thigh adipose are associated with physical function, and may be sensitive to change with RT ± CR in overweight/obese older women.
Double Decomposition of Level-1 Variables in Multilevel Models: An Analysis of the Flynn Effect in the NSLY Data.

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces an extension of cluster mean centering (also called group mean centering) for multilevel models, which we call “double decomposition (DD).” This centering method separates between-level variance, as in cluster mean centering, but also decomposes within-level variance of the same variable. This process retains the benefits of cluster mean centering but allows for context variables derived from lower level variables, other than the cluster mean, to be incorporated into the model. A brief simulation study is presented, demonstrating the potential advantage (or even necessity) for DD in certain circumstances. Several applications to multilevel analysis are discussed. Finally, an empirical demonstration examining the Flynn effect (Flynn, 1987), our motivating example, is presented. The use of DD in the analysis provides a novel method to narrow the field of plausible causal hypotheses regarding the Flynn effect, in line with suggestions by a number of researchers (Mingroni, 2014; ...
A pilot study of business travelers’ stress-coping strategies:

This research note incorporates stress process theory to explore what stress-coping strategies have been adopted by business travelers. The results indicate that travel competence, social support, ...
HER2 Confers Resistance to Foretinib Inhibition of MET-Amplified Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Background Recent genomic studies indicated that esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is driven by amplification of c-MET or HER2 or both in a subset of patients. We studied the effect of MET targeting by the small molecule inhibitor foretinib in EAC cells and the interplay between MET and HER2 signaling. Methods We measured the expression levels and phosphorylation status of MET and HER2 proteins in EAC cell lines using Western blot analysis. The expression levels of MET and HER2 were manipulated by transfecting cells with specific siRNA or a plasmid expressing HER2. The small molecule inhibitors of c-MET and ERBB1/2 (foretinib and lapatinib, respectively) were tested for effect on growth, apoptosis, and downstream signaling pathways of EAC cells as single agents or in combination. The response to inhibitors was correlated to the levels of MET, HER2 expression, and amplification status. Results Foretinib inhibits phosphorylation of MET, which correlated with reduced EAC cell growth and inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Cell growth inhibition by foretinib is most profound in the ESO51 cell line, which has MET gene amplification and overexpression. Inhibition of MET signaling by foretinib or siRNA-specific knock down of MET expression induces apoptosis in ESO51 cells. Ectopic expression of HER2 reduces foretinib-mediated growth inhibition and downstream ERK phosphorylation in ESO51-HER2 cells. The EAC OE33 cell line, with amplification and overexpression of both MET and HER2, demonstrated reduced sensitivity to foretinib or lapatinib and had a transient effect on downstream inhibition of phosphorylated AKT and ERK (p-AKT, p-ERK). The coadministration of foretinib and lapatinib effectively blocked both MET and HER2 signaling through the p-AKT and p-ERK pathways, dramatically inhibited growth, and induced apoptosis to overcome single-agent resistance in OE33 cells. Conclusions The mechanism for foretinib growth inhibition in MET-amplified EAC tumor cells is demonstrated. The interplay of dual MET/HER2 overexpression in the AKT and ERK pathways for esophageal cancer is described. Therefore, combination therapy could be a novel strategy for EAC with amplification of both MET and HER2.
ByteCuts: Fast Packet Classification by Interior Bit Extraction

Many networking devices, such as firewalls and routing tables, rely upon packet classifiers to define their behavior for various kinds of network traffic. Since these devices have real-time constraints, it is important for packet classification to be as fast as possible. We present a new method, ByteCuts, which includes two major improvements over existing tree-based packet classifiers. First, it introduces a new cutting method that is more efficient than existing methods. Second, ByteCuts intelligently partitions the rule list into multiple trees in a way that supports the cutting method and reduces rule replication. We compare ByteCuts to several existing methods such as HyperCuts, HyperSplit, and SmartSplit. We find that ByteCuts outperforms SmartSplit, the previous fastest classifier, in every metric; specifically, ByteCuts is able to classify packets 58% faster, can be constructed in seconds rather than minutes, and uses orders of magnitude less memory.
Excessive Glutamate Stimulation Impairs ACE2 Activity Through ADAM17-Mediated Shedding in Cultured Cortical Neurons.

The excitotoxicity of glutamate plays an important role in the progression of various neurological disorders via participating in inflammation and neuronal damage. In this study, we identified the role of excessive glutamate stimulation in the modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a critical component in the compensatory axis of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). In primary cultured cortical neurons, high concentration of glutamate (100 µM) significantly reduced the enzymatic activity of ACE2. The elevated activity of ADAM17, a member of the ‘A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease’ (ADAM) family, was found to contribute to this glutamate-induced ACE2 down-regulation. The decrease of ACE2 activity could be prevented by pre-treatment with antagonists targeting ionotropic glutamate receptors. In addition, the glutamate-induced decrease in ACE2 activity was significantly attenuated when the neurons were co-treated with MitoTEMPOL or blockers that target oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathway. In summary, our study reveals a strong relationship between excessive glutamate stimulation and ADAM17-mediated impairment in ACE2 activity, suggesting a possible cross-talk between glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and dysregulated RAS.
Strategic Issues and the CO2 Environmental Problem

Other chapters in this volume have surveyed the causes and physical consequences of increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and the concomitant changes in climate. Projections based upon assumptions of future energy use have been presented (Bach, this volume), as have some of the societal and geo-political impacts that might follow such changes (Kellogg, this volume). The remainder of this book is concerned with the implications that can be drawn from this type of information for deciding what should or could be done about the potential environmental threat. The response to such a question is neither obvious nor simple, and moreover, as we shall be discussing in detail, obtaining it calls for further analysis and evaluation in the social and political science disciplines that is yet to be undertaken.
Implications for Enhanced Portfolio Performance Based on the Information Content of Short Interest1

In this paper ; we review the mean-variance portfolio theory literature that supports short selling as an active portfolio management tool and the empirical literature that provides evidence of active short sellers having superior information about overpriced securities. What may not be clear is exactly how that information can be detected and analyzed. We, therefore, review the theoretical and empirical literature that investigates the information content of short interest. Finally, we document several methods used by portfolio managers to target short sale candidates.
rac-(Z)-Methyl 1-benzyl-3-[(3-hy­droxy­quinuclidin-2-yl­idene)meth­yl]-1H-indole-6-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C25H26N2O3, the double bond connecting the aza-bicyclic and indole units has Z geometry. The compound was obtained as a racemate, and since the crystal is centrosymmetric it contains equal amounts of the S and R enanti­omers. However, the structure is disordered such that the asymmetric unit contains both enanti­omers in unequal amounts [refined occupancies 0.904 (2) and 0.096 (2)]. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the benzyl group and the mean plane of the indole ring is 76.07 (3) °. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯Ocarbon­yl hydrogen bonds into chains propagating in [110].
Cultural pressures, confidence, and quality of life in women with suspected gynecologic cancer.

e17104Background: Women internalize cultural pressures to participate in activities, particularly in sexual activities and care-taking, which can be measured by the Possibilities for Activity Scale...
Realization of a Real-Time Optimal Control Strategy to Stabilize a Falling Humanoid Robot with Hand Contact

In this paper, we present a real-time falling robot stabilization system for a humanoid robot in which the robot can prevent falling using hand contact with walls and other surfaces in the environment. Instead of ignoring or avoiding interaction with environmental obstacles, our system uses obstacle geometry to determine a contact point that reduces impact and necessary friction. It uses a planar dynamic model that is appropriate for falling stabilization in the robot's sagittal plane and frontal plane. The hand contact is determined with an optimal control approach, and to make the algorithm run in realtime, a simplified three-link robot model and a pre-computed database of subproblems for the hand contact optimization are adopted. Moreover, if the robot is not leaning too far after stabilization, we employ a heuristic push-up strategy to recover the robot to a standing posture. System integration is performed on the Darwin-Mini robot and validation is conducted in several environments and falling scenarios.
Abstract TP286: Efficacy of Quality Improvement Protocols Across Diverse Modes of Arrival for Thrombectomy Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Background: Quality improvement protocols (QI) aim to reduce in-hospital delays that result in prolonged door-to-groin-puncture time (DGPT) for the endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. At our...
Lessons From Cuba: Community projects and learning experiences for children

Innovation that benefits children does not always come from formal institutions. Communities around the world are finding creative ways to fill in the gaps in services and enrichment when the schools or other government-backed programs fall short.
Self-Driving Mobile Robots Using Human-Robot Interactions

This paper presents a robotic system implementation featuring an autonomy solution that incorporates human intents through effective human-robot interactions. More specifically, vision-based human pose estimation is used to identify gestures that correspond to human intents. These intents are mapped to predefined commands that schedule autonomous operations of the robotic system. The paper presents an overview of an autonomy solution for mobile robots, an approach to human-following operation, and an approach to automated decision-making for parking operations. Experimental results of the physical robot implementation are presented.
Gender and Public Organization: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Inclusion on Experiencing and Reporting Wrongful Behavior in the Workplace:

Most public organizations share values and beliefs and socially constructed patterns of action that guide the behavior of their employees, resulting in their unique organizational culture. Existing...
Quantum-correlated Light Source from Dual-seeded Four-wave Mixing with a Diode Laser System

We have obtained broadband intensity-difference squeezing from sub 10 Hz to 20 MHz via four-wave mixing (4WM) in a rubidium vapor. This was accomplished by dual-seeding the 4WM process and using semiconductor diode lasers. © 2019 The Author(s)
Development, implementation, and evaluation of a novel multidisciplinary one health course for university undergraduates.

Abstract Today's collaborations across fields of health and wellness are insufficient to meet societies' challenges in combating disease and maintaining the ecosystem and public health. In this article, we present a One Health curriculum model designed to encourage undergraduate students of varying disciplines to value the connectedness of animals, humans, and the environment and to think innovatively about solutions to priority global health issues. We present the design and implementation of a course that brought together multiple faculty from different fields of study, including the dental, medical, nutrition, and veterinary schools, in a curriculum designed for undergraduates primarily from Arts & Sciences fields. The curriculum was collaboratively designed around four key One Health categories: 1) Infectious zoonotic diseases and global health, 2) Naturally occurring shared disease in companion animals that can serve as models for human disease, 3) Human-animal interactions, and 4) Impact of environmental health on human and animal health. We show this course successfully deepened students' understandings of One Health, its role in addressing high priority health issues and the overall benefits of a One Health approach to tackling societal problems. We also report a positive experience by the faculty working in collaboration to implement the curriculum model and the overall enthusiasm of students for the course, all of whom would recommend it to their peers. We conclude by proposing the potential of the curriculum model underlying this course to fill the need for One Health Curricula in programs preparing future health professionals.
Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in normal, BRCA (B) 1 and B2 mutation associated, and ER-positive breast cancer (BC) mammary cells.

576 Background: ER is expressed in ≈70% of sporadic BC and activates genes driving cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. B1 and B2 mutation associated BC have predominant triple negative and ER+ phenotypes respectively, yet hormonal manipulation with oophorectomy reduces BC risk in both B1 and B2 carriers. We have previously performed genome-wide analysis of ER binding sites in MCF-7 BC cells, and identified distinct mechanisms of ER signaling. Here, we seek to elucidate differences in ER signaling between non-malignant (normal, B1 and B2) and ER+ BC mammary cells. Methods: Breast tissue were obtained from patients undergoing reduction mammoplasties (normal), prophylactic mastectomies (B1 and B2 carriers) and surgical excision of ER+ BC. After dissociation into a single-cell suspension, ER+ EpCAM+CD49f- mature luminal (ML) and EpCAM+CD49f+ luminal progenitor (LP) subpopulations were obtained by flow cytometry. Following estrogen stimulation, RNA was extracted for gene microarray analysis. ER chromatin imm...
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Human behavior and animal behavior are characterized by a capacity to quickly adapt to complex novel situations. Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) approaches explain this ability by assuming that agents take advantage of the latent structure of real-world problems to create higher-order (generalized) representations that abstract over states and/or time. In this article, we will review two lines of evidence regarding the neural basis of HRL. We will then consider new directions and open questions of research in this area.
The Theory of Planned Behavior and the USDA Summer Food Service Program

Abstract Objective Examine the impact of the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) on the intentions to positively change fruit and vegetable consumption in a rural, low-income adolescent population using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Design Quantitative data collected via a pre-post intervention survey to determine predictors of positive nutrition behaviors and changes in self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. Setting A mid-sized university. Participants Fifty-seven high school students. Participants were primarily female (n = 36) and white (n = 56). Intervention Participants followed the standards of the SFSP for 5 weeks and were provided with mandatory and optional nutrition education sessions. Main Outcome Measure Intentions to change nutrition behaviors. Analysis Multiple regression. Results Paired-sample t test showed a significant increase in knowledge from pretest (mean [M] = 11.18, SD = 1.68) to posttest (M = 12.91, SD = 1.76); t[56] = −8.09, P Conclusions and Implications Opportunities for shaping adolescent nutrient intake and eating behaviors during enrollment in the SFSP exist. Reinforcing positive attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control may help to increase nutrition behavioral intentions and nutrition behaviors.
EGFR/ErbB2-Targeting Lapatinib Therapy for Aggressive Prolactinomas.

Context Approximately 10% to 20% of prolactinomas are resistant to dopamine agonist therapy. The ErbB signaling pathway may drive aggressive prolactinoma behavior. Objective We evaluated lapatinib, an ErbB1-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB2 or human EGFR2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in aggressive prolactinomas. Design A prospective, phase 2a multicenter trial was conducted. Setting This study took place at a tertiary referral pituitary center. Patients Study participants included adults with aggressive prolactinomas showing continued tumor growth despite maximally tolerated dopamine agonist therapy. Intervention Intervention included oral lapatinib 1250 mg/day for 6 months. Main outcome measures The primary end point was 40% reduction in any tumor dimension assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at study end; tumor response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Secondary end points included prolactin (PRL) reduction, correlation of response with EGFR/HER2 expression, and safety. Results Owing to rigorous inclusion criteria, of 24 planned participants, only 7 consented and 4 were treated. None achieved the primary end point but 3 showed stable disease, including 2 with a 6% increase and 1 with a 16.8% decrease in tumor diameter. PRL response was not always concordant with tumor response, as 2 showed 28% and 59% increases in PRL. The fourth participant had a PRL-secreting carcinoma and withdrew after 3 months of lapatinib because of imaging and PRL progression. EGFR/HER2 expression did not correlate with treatment response. Lapatinib was well tolerated overall, with reversible grade 1 transaminitis in 2 patients, grade 2 rash in 2 patients, and grade 1 asymptomatic bradycardia in 2 patients. Conclusions An oral TKI such as lapatinib may be an effective option for a difficult-to-treat patient with an aggressive prolactinoma.
Longitudinal sleep characteristics and hypertension status: results from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

AIMS Sleep characteristics such as short sleep duration or sleep-disordered breathing are established predictors of hypertension. However, few studies have used in-lab polysomnography with a longitudinal design to measure how hypertension is associated with different sleep stages over time. The purpose of this study is to examine whether hypertension is associated with the longitudinal course of sleep quality over time. METHODS The current study evaluated data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, which consists of 1525 adults in a community-based population of middle-aged to older adults followed for approximately 12-25 years. Sleep characteristics were objectively measured using polysomnography and subjectively assessed using a self-report questionnaire on insomnia complaints. We used linear mixed-effects regression models and cumulative logit models to assess whether the interaction of hypertension and time is associated with objective and subjective sleep. RESULTS We found people with hypertension exhibited a greater decline in total sleep time in rapid eye movement sleep (%) over time than those without hypertension (P < 0.05). Individuals with hypertension had less decline in % N3 sleep over time than those without hypertension (P < 0.05). Among the subjective insomnia complaints, our findings indicate hypertensive individuals have a higher probability of having higher levels of 'difficulties in falling asleep' compared with people without hypertension. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that hypertension is associated with modified longitudinal changes of objective and subjective sleep characteristics.
NAD+ enhances ribitol and ribose rescue of α-dystroglycan functional glycosylation in human FKRP-mutant myotubes.

Healthy muscles are complex machines that require a myriad of finely tuned molecules to work properly. For instance, a protein called alpha-DG sits at the surface of healthy muscle cells, where it strengthens the tissue by latching onto other proteins in the environment. To perform its role correctly, it first needs to be coated with sugar molecules, a complex process which requires over 20 proteins, including the enzyme FKRP. Faulty forms of FKRP reduce the number of sugars added to alpha-DG, causing the muscle tissue to weaken and waste away, potentially leading to severe forms of diseases known as muscular dystrophies. Drugs that can restore alpha-DG sugar molecules could help to treat these conditions. Previous studies on mice and fish have highlighted two potential candidates, known as ribitol and NAD+, which can help to compensate for reduced FKRP activity and allow sugars to be added to alpha-DG again. Yet no model is available to test these molecules on actual human muscle cells. Here, Ortiz-Cordero et al. developed such a model in the laboratory by growing muscle cells from naive, undifferentiated cells generated from skin given by a muscular dystrophy patient with a faulty form of FKRP. The resulting muscle fibers are in essence identical to the ones present in the individual. As such, they can help to understand the effect various drugs have on muscular dystrophies. The cells were then put in contact with either NAD+, ribitol, or a precursor of ribitol known as ribose. Ortiz-Cordero et al. found that ribitol and ribose restored the ability of FKRP to add sugars to alpha-DG, reducing muscle damage. Combining NAD+ with ribitol or ribose had an even a bigger impact, further increasing the number of sugars on alpha-DG. The human muscle cell model developed by Ortiz-Cordero et al. could help to identify new compounds that can treat muscular conditions. In particular, the findings point towards NAD+, ribose and ribitol as candidates for treating FKRP-related muscular dystrophies. Further safety studies are now needed to evaluate whether these compounds could be used in patients.
Gender Bias, Social Bias and Representation: 70 Years of B$^H$ollywood.

With an outreach in more than 90 countries, a market share of 2.1 billion dollars and a target audience base of at least 1.2 billion people, Bollywood, aka the Mumbai film industry, is a formidable entertainment force. While the number of lives Bollywood can potentially touch is massive, no comprehensive NLP study on the evolution of social and gender biases in Bollywood dialogues exists. Via a substantial corpus of movie dialogues spanning a time horizon of 70 years, we seek to understand the portrayal of women, in a broader context studying subtle social signals, and analyze the evolving trends in geographic and religious representation in India. Our argument is simple -- popular movie content reflects social norms and beliefs in some form or shape. In this project, we propose to analyze such trends over 70 years of Bollywood movies contrasting them with their Hollywood counterpart and critically acclaimed world movies.
OS SERTÕES ONSCREEN IN PAULO GIL SOARES’S O HOMEM DE COURO (1969/70)

This article examines filmmaker Paulo Gil Soares’s early work with a particular focus on the documentary O Homem de Couro (1969/70), in the context of Brazil’s military dictatorship (1964-85), the documentary-film initiative known as the “Farkas Caravan,” and 1960s-era Brazilian documentary more broadly. I argue that Soares’s O Homem de Couro represents an audiovisual renewal and revision of Euclides da Cunha’s portrayal of the northeastern vaqueiro in Os Sertoes (1902). In the film, Soares’s depiction of the vaqueiro served as both a tribute to these national folk heroes and a reminder to viewers that da Cunha’s scathing turn-of-the-century portrait of the northeastern social order should not be considered a relic of the past. Timeless northeastern verses drive the narrative, reinforcing that message. In this way, Soares made a film that was both beautiful and denunciatory without resorting to pedagogical voiceovers or orthodox dogma. He meanwhile updated key elements of Os Sertoes for the 1960s and ‘70s. Soares offered subjectivity that was lacking in da Cunha’s account, discrediting da Cunha’s nineteenth-century biological and geographical determinism. He also documented inauspicious shifts in this labor market that threatened the vaqueiro’s future. In the early 1970s, Soares would go on to found the influential documentary-journalism program Globo Reporter. By focusing on his work with the Farkas Caravan, this article contributes a new perspective on a key but previously overlooked element in the formation of the Brazilian school of documentary film and journalism, and on the enduring legacies of da Cunha’s work.