cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Central Aleutian Arc

Seven reflection profiles over the central Aleutian trench and terrace are presented. Undeformed trench turbidites terminate abruptly against the inner wall which is acoustically opaque for the next 30 km. The southern half of the Aleutian terrace is an uplifted anticlinal arch, Hawley ridge. Acoustically visible sediments thicken to at least 2 km in the northern part of the terrace. A sonobuoy refraction profile near the terrace axis indicates 5 to 8 km of sediment over an oceaniclike crust (6.4 km per sec). Incorporation of this data with previous near-bottom geophysical and dredge work suggests that thrusted and complexly deformed sediments outcrop between the trench and terrace. Two alternative two-dimensional gravity models extending 200 km south and 350 km north of the trench are presented which take into account both the crustal and upper mantle structure. The fundamental ambiguity between the two models is the dip of the Benioff zone beneath the Aleutian terrace (between 5° and 20°). Low-density (2.2 to 2.4 g per cc) deformed sediments appear to make up the first 30 to 70 km north of the trench axis. The total thickness of sediments near the terrace axis appears closer to 7 to 8 km according to the gravity data. The density contrast between the descending lithosphere and surrounding aesthenosphere appears to be near +0.05 g per cc for an 80-km-thick plate, but a low-density zone in the crust and mantle beneath the volcanic chain is also necessary to fit the observed gravity. Assuming that the Pacific crust inverts into ecologite at a depth of 30 km produced reasonable results, but this estimate is difficult to confirm with present data. The effects of modifying some of these boundaries and density contrasts are calculated and discussed.
VCMA: Efficient channel access in wireless mesh networks using virtual coordinates

The Virtual Coordinate Multiple Access (VCMA) protocol is introduced and analyzed. VCMA is a medium access control protocol that defines transmissions schedules dynamically based on the assignment and exchange of virtual coordinates relative to an elected root node in a mesh network. VCMA is shown to attain feasible transmission schedules within a finite time, and its channel access delay properties are analyzed. The performance of the VCMA is compared with the performance of 802.11 DCF, which is a contention based MAC protocol; the five-phase reservation (FPRP) protocol, which is a schedule-based MAC protocol based on reserving time slots over fixed-length frames; and the node activation multiple access (NAMA) protocol, which is representative of distributed transmission scheduling based on probabilistic elections per slot. The performance comparison shows that VCMA attains much higher throughput than 802.11 DCF, FPRP or NAMA, and that it has lower variance in channel access intervals than contention-based schemes and schedule-based protocols based on probabilistic elections or reservations carried out in fixed-length frames.
Positron annihilation lifetime and Doppler broadening correlations for a variety of polymers, cross linked rubbers and organic liquids

We have used positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to investigate properties of several polymers, vulcanized rubbers and organic liquids. The Doppler broadening is characterized by the S parameter, which is a measure of the probability of low momentum annihilations in the material. The lifetime spectroscopy is characterized by the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) pickoff lifetime and intensity of o-Ps formation. There is an interesting correlation between the S parameter and the probability of o-Ps formation that is dependent on polymer composition and sensitive to oxygen or fluorine present in the polymer. A similar conclusion has also been recently reported by another group. We also point out several correlations between the positron response and various physical parameters characterizing the materials. The cross linked rubbers behave differently from the polymers and more like liquids, exhibiting an essentially constant S parameter.
Assessment of coping strategies of child abusing mothers.

Abstract Objective: Mothers who had physically abused their children were assessed to determine whether these mothers had a general coping skills deficit. Method: Abusing mothers (n = 17) were compared to nonabusing mothers of conduct problem children (n = 16). Coping was measured by several different methods, each designed to address the insufficiencies of the others. Results: In comparison to the nonabusing mothers, independent ratings indicated that abusing mothers exhibited a pattern of coping characterized by greater use of emotion-focused coping strategies and less use of effective problem-focused strategies. Finally, using self report ratings of coping, abusing mothers perceived their coping to be more ineffective than the nonabusing mothers. Conclusions: The possibility that the observed coping skills deficit may be indicative of a deficit in emotional responding to stress was discussed and suggestions were given for therapeutic interventions with child abusing mothers.
The Problem of Context

The Problem of Context. Roy Dilley. ed. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999. vii. 242 pp., index.
FUNCTION OF MACROPHAGES IN ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY GUINEA PIG T LYMPHOCYTES : I. REQUIREMENT FOR HISTOCOMPATIBLE MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES

Antigen activation of DNA synthesis in immune thymus-derived lymphocytes of guinea pigs requires the cooperation of macrophages and lymphocytes. We have investigated the role of histocompatibility determinants in this macrophage-lymphocyte interaction using cells from inbred strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs. The data demonstrate that efficient presentation of macrophage-associated antigen to the lymphocyte requires identity between macrophage and lymphocyte at some portion of the major histocompatibility complex. The failure of allogeneic macrophages to effectively initiate immune lymphocyte proliferation was not the result of the presence of an inhibitor of blastogenesis released in mixtures of allogeneic cells, peculiarities of the antigen or lymphoid cells employed, nor differing kinetics of activation by allogeneic macrophages. In addition, data were presented that demonstrated that alloantisera inhibit lymphocyte DNA synthesis by functional interference with macrophage-lymphocyte interaction.
The Deacetylase SIRT1 Promotes Membrane Localization and Activation of Akt and PDK1 During Tumorigenesis and Cardiac Hypertrophy

Signaling through the kinase Akt regulates many biological functions. Akt is activated during growth factor stimulation through a process that requires binding of Akt to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), which promotes membrane localization and phosphorylation of Akt by the upstream kinase PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1). We show that Akt and PDK1 are acetylated at lysine residues in their pleckstrin homology domains, which mediate PIP(3) binding. Acetylation blocked binding of Akt and PDK1 to PIP(3), thereby preventing membrane localization and phosphorylation of Akt. Deacetylation by SIRT1 enhanced binding of Akt and PDK1 to PIP(3) and promoted their activation. Mice injected with cells expressing a mutant that mimicked a constitutively acetylated form of Akt developed smaller tumors than those injected with cells expressing wild-type Akt. Furthermore, impaired Akt activation in the hearts of SIRT1-deficient mice was associated with reduced cardiac hypertrophy in response to physical exercise and angiotensin II. These findings uncover a key posttranslational modification of Akt that is important for its oncogenic and hypertrophic activities.
Analysis of Microarray Data Using Z Score Transformation

High-throughput cDNA microarray technology allows for the simultaneous analysis of gene expression levels for thousands of genes and as such, rapid, relatively simple methods are needed to store, analyze, and cross-compare basic microarray data. The application of a classical method of data normalization, Z score transformation, provides a way of standardizing data across a wide range of experiments and allows the comparison of microarray data independent of the original hybridization intensities. Data normalized by Z score transformation can be used directly in the calculation of significant changes in gene expression between different samples and conditions. We used Z scores to compare several different methods for predicting significant changes in gene expression including fold changes, Z ratios, Z and t statistical tests. We conclude that the Z score transformation normalization method accompanied by either Z ratios or Z tests for significance estimates offers a useful method for the basic analysis of microarray data. The results provided by these methods can be as rigorous and are no more arbitrary than other test methods, and, in addition, they have the advantage that they can be easily adapted to standard spreadsheet programs.
Getting the Most from Pi Sigma Alpha Chapters: Exploring the Chapter Activity Grant Program and its Multiplier Effects

The political science honor society, Pi Sigma Alpha, has chapters in nearly 700 institutions across the United States. The organization sponsors many programs that can contribute a great deal to students of political science; however, many students are unaware of these opportunities. This article encourages chapter advisors to make use of these programs. My chapter's experience suggests many benefits can occur to those who take advantage of the opportunities presented through Pi Sigma Alpha.
Gate length scaling study of InAlAs/InGaAs/InAsP composite channel HEMTs

Abstract The dependence of direct current and microwave performance of InGaAs/InAsP composite channel HEMTs on gate length is presented experimentally. Composite channel HEMTs with gate length from 1.13 μm to 0.15 μm were fabricated. Device characterization results showed the extrinsic transconductance increased from 498 mS/mm for 1.13 μm devices to 889 mS/mm for 0.15 μm gate devices, while the unity current gain cutoff frequency increased from 24 GHz to 190 GHz. A simple delay time analysis is employed to extract the effective carrier velocity (veff) of the composite channel. The veff is determined to be 1.9 × 107 cm/s. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study on gate length scaling effect of composite channel HEMTs.
A stretching program increases the dynamic passive length and passive resistive properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit of unconditioned younger women

This study examined the effects of a 6-week stretching program on the dynamic passive elastic properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU) of unconditioned younger women. After random assignment of 12 women (age 18–31 years) to a stretching group (SG) or to a control group (CG), six subjects in the SG and four subjects in the CG completed the study. For the initial tests, a Kin-Com®dynamometer moved the ankle from plantarflexion to maximal dorsiflexion (DF) with negligible surface EMG activity in the soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. Angular displacement, passive resistive torque, area under the curve (passive elastic energy) and stiffness variables were reduced from the passive DF torque curves. The SG then completed ten static wall stretches held 15 s each, five times a week for 6 weeks, the CG did not. The tests were repeated and the changes between the tests and retests were examined for group differences (Mann–Whitney U). The SG had significant increases in the maximal passive DF angle (7° ± 4°), maximal passive DF torque (11.2 ± 8.3 N m), full stretch range of motion (23° ± 24°), full stretch mean torque (3.4 ± 2.1 N m), and area under the full stretch curve (22.7 ± 23.5° N m) compared to the CG (P ≤ 0.019). The passive stiffness did not change significantly. The results showed that a stretching program for unconditioned calf MTUs increased the maximal DF angle and length extensibility, as well as the passive resistive properties throughout the full stretch range of motion. The adaptations within the calf MTU provide evidence that stretching enhances the dynamic passive length and passive resistive properties in unconditioned younger women.
SIMD implementation of a non-linear transient shell program with partially structured meshes

The implementation of an explicit transient program for the three-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis of shells on a massively parallel SIMD computer, the CONNECTION Machine, is described. Particular emphasis is placed on interprocessor communication using router and NEWS schemes. A hybrid communication scheme, where NEWS is used within structured subdomains and the router is used to exchange nodal forces between subdomains, is examined. It is shown that the ‘mesh-structure index’ of most large meshes is sufficient to make hybrid schemes effective and this is verified by computer runs. Some benchmark non-linear calculations with 8K to 32K elements are also presented.
Human Rights as a Common Concern

The doctrine of human rights has come to play a distinctive role in international life. This is primarily the role of a moral touchstone-a standard of assessment and criticism for domestic institutions, a standard of aspiration for their reform, and increasingly a standard of evaluation for the policies and practices of international economic and political institutions. International practice has followed the controlling documents of international law in taking a broad view of the scope of human rights. Many political theorists argue, however, that this view is excessively broad and that genuine human rights, if they are to be regarded as a truly common concern of world society, must be construed more narrowly. I argue against that perspective and in favor of the view implicit in contemporary international practice, using the right to democratic institutions as an example.
A methodology for understanding how operators select and use modes of automation to control complex dynamic systems

Human operators of complex dynamic systems often use automation with multiple modes. A thorough understanding of how operators select and use modes is therefore an essential element in developing more effective next-generation automation. This paper presents a methodology for tracking the activities of operators using modes to control complex dynamic systems. The methodology is embodied in an architecture that supports the real-time understanding of operator mode usage. Central to the architecture is a model of operator-automation interaction called an operator function model for systems with automatic control modes (OFM-ACM). The methodology and architecture have been applied to aviation navigation to track the activities performed by the crew of a "glass cockpit" aircraft while they use automated flight modes to fly a desired flight path. >
Probabilistic Coherence and Proper Scoring Rules

This paper provides self-contained proof of a theorem relating probabilistic coherence of forecasts to their non-domination by rival forecasts with respect to any proper scoring rule. The theorem recapitulates insights achieved by other investigators, and clarifies the connection of coherence and proper scoring rules to Bregman divergence.
Early Post-Fire Plant Establishment on a Mojave Desert Burn

Fire has become more extensive in recent decades in southwestern United States arid lands. Burned areas pose management challenges and opportunities, and increasing our understanding of post-fire plant colonization may assist management decision-making. We examined plant communities, soils, and soil seed banks two years after the 2005 Loop Fire, located in a creosote-blackbrush community in Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area in southern Nevada’s Mojave Desert. Based on a spring sampling of 20, 0.01-ha plots, live + dead cover of the exotic annual Bromus rubens averaged nine times lower on the burn than on a paired unburned area. Perennial species composition shifted from dominance by late-successional native shrubs (e.g., Coleogyne ramosissima) on the unburned area, to dominance by native perennial forbs (e.g., Sphaeralcea ambigua, Baileya multiradiata )o n the burn. Species richness of live plants averaged 26% (100 m 2 scale) and 239% (1 m 2 scale) greater on the burn compared to the unburned area. Only 5% of Larrea tridentata individuals resprouted, compared to 64% of Yucca schidigera and baccata. Fire and microsite (interspace, below L. tridentata, or below Yucca) interacted to affect several 0–5 cm soil properties, with higher pH, conductivity, and total P and K on burned Yucca microsites. Bromus rubens density in 0–5 cm soil seed banks was four times lower on the burn, and its distribution among microsites reversed. Below-shrub microsites contained the most B. rubens seeds on the unburned area, but the least on the burned area. Intense fire below shrubs may have increased seed mortality, an idea supported by .3-fold decreases we found in emergence density after heating seed bank samples to 100uC. Our study occurred after a post-fire period of below-average precipitation, underscoring a need for longer term monitoring that characterizes moister years.
THE EFFECTS OF NON-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON GROWTH IN CEREBRAL PALSY

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of non-nutritional factors alone on the growth of children with cerebral palsy (CP). 20 children with hemiplegic CP, normal stature and normal triceps skinfold measurements had 16 different anthropometric measures performed on each side of the body (affected vs unaffected). All measures of breadth, circumference and length were significantly smaller on the affected side compared with the unaffected side. Skinfold measurements had a tendency to be larger on the affected side. These results suggest that non-nutritional factors related to disease severity have a significant influence on the growth of children with CP, even in the absence of malnutrition.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Sn-Bi based solders

An overview of issues relevant to reliability of Sn-Bi solder joints is presented. The effects of aging on the microstructure of Sn-Bi solder joints are described. The results show that during aging, Sn is depleted from the solder/base metal interface. The two-phase Sn-Bi microstructure coarsens appreciably during aging. The rate of coarsening can be slowed by adding 1.0 wt% Cu to the solder. Aging also affects the mechanical properties of the solder joints in shear, where aged joints shown an increase in flow stress and plastic strain at failure. The creep properties of cast and aged Sn-Bi eutectic alloy at stresses between 0.5 and 65 MPa and temperatures between 30/spl deg/C and 120/spl deg/C are described. In the power law creep regime, cast Sn-Bi eutectic has a stress exponent of three and an activation energy of 0.6 eV. >
Canonical correlation analysis of formulation optimization experiments

AbstractFormulation optimization experiments are primarily composed of two groups of variables, a set of independent variables and a set of dependent variables. Simultaneous consideration of all the variables in a single analysis is desirable since it provides an opportunity to study the interrelationships of all variables, independent as well as dependent at the same time and imparts an in-depth insight into the entire system as a whole. A multivariate statistical analysis, known as canonical correlation analysis, has indeed this capability. In addition, the analysis has the capacity of extracting the maximum possible correlation, called canonical correlation, between the variables of the two sets. The larger the value of the canonical correlation (0.90 or above), the higher is the predictability of one set from the other set. The analysis produces two composite canonical functions, one for each set. They can be used to streamline the subsequent search process associated with the full-fledged optimizatio...
The preparation of 3,6-bis(3-hexylthien-2-yl)-s-tetrazine and its conjugated polymers†

We demonstrated, for the first time, that 3,6-bis(3-hexylthien-2-yl)-s-tetrazine (TTz) with hexyl group at the 3-position of thiophene rings can be prepared using a modified sulfur-assisted Pinner synthesis. Although the hexyl group creates large steric hindrance to the tetrazine ring formation reaction, and the reaction under a traditional condition only produces trace amount of the target product, the yield of this reaction under a modified reaction condition using anhydrous hydrazine at 68 °C can reach 65%. Two new copolymers of the resulting TTz and hexyl- or 2-ethylhexyl-substituted cyclepentadithiophene have been prepared. The polymers show a broader light absorption in film than in solution attributing to the large distribution of effective conjugation length of polymer chain due to the existence of both cis- and trans-orientations of the 3-hexylthiophene units in the planar polymer chain in solid state. Although the polymers show a narrow band gap and a deep HOMO level, which are desirable for generating an efficient light absorption and a larger open circuit voltage (V oc ) of the resulting solar cell devices, the device performance is not as good as expected. It is attributed to the random distribution of the cis- and trans-conformations along the polymer chain.
Microsimulation of Residential Land Development and Household Location Choices: Bidding for Land in Austin, Texas

Microeconomic theory and disaggregate spatial data are applied to pursue market equilibrium of single-family residential development. Mixed logit models and notions of price competition are used to simulate household location choices for three different household segments, assuming job sites of household members are known. Consistent with bid-rent theory, housing market equilibrium was reached in an iterative fashion. The spatial allocation of new households in the Austin, Texas, region illustrates the potential shape of things to come, with endogenously determined home prices and demographic distributions, based on job access. As expected, positive spatial autocorrelation in home prices and household distributions is observed.
Multi-resolution approach to strain imaging

An essential goal of a strain imaging experiment is to balance the desire to apply large deformations, and thereby maximize contrast, with the need to maintain waveform coherence between echoes recorded before and after deformation, and thereby minimize decorrelation noise. The tools available to achieve an optimal balance include control of boundary conditions and application of reconstruction algorithms that use all the available waveform information. This paper describes our work with a multi-resolution strain algorithm employing the maximum-likelihood strategy of filtering and waveform warping at several spatial scales. We found that echo waveform filtering improves the strain CNR when the echo SNR>30 dB and the applied strain >5%. We found that envelope-detected echoes provide more robust estimates than low-pass filtered RF echoes under most practical conditions. The benefits of echo-signal filtering for minimizing decorrelation noise are modest.
EXCISION OF HEMIVERTEBRAE FOR CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS

1. The standard methods used in the treatment of acquired curvatures of the spine are not adequate for the correction or the prevention of scoliosis which results from congenital anomalies of the spine. 2. Two cases are reported in which nearly all of each hemivertebra was successfully removed with marked correction of the spinal curvature. 3. Since the deformity in these cases is usually progressive, due to the more rapid growth of a number of the asymmetrically developed vertebrae, fusion of the lateral halves of two or more of the vertebral bodies on the convex side of the curvature to check the rate of longitudinal growth would appear to be a rational and justifiable procedure. 4. The fusion of vertebral bodies rather than laminae in the treatment of certain cases of other types of scoliosis in growing children has been suggested. 5. Final judgment of the efficacy of the procedure described cannot be given until many years have elapsed.
Drivers who self-estimate lower blood alcohol concentrations are riskier drivers after drinking

Alcohol increases the tendency for risky driving in some individuals but not others. Little is known about the factors underlying this individual difference. Studies find that those who underestimate their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) following a dose of alcohol tend to be more impulsive and report greater willingness to drive after drinking than those who estimate their BACs to be greater than their actual BAC. BAC underestimation could contribute to risky driving behavior following alcohol as such drivers might perceive little impairment in their driving ability and thus no need for caution. This study was designed to test the relationship between drivers’ BAC estimations following a dose of alcohol or a placebo and the degree of risky driving they displayed during a simulated driving test. Forty adult drivers performed a simulated driving test and estimated their blood alcohol concentration after receiving a dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg for men and 0.56 g/kg for women) or a placebo. Alcohol increased risk-taking and impaired driving skill. Those who estimated their BAC to be lower were the riskiest drivers following both alcohol and placebo. The tendency to estimate lower BACs could support a series of high-risk decisions, regardless of one’s actual BAC. This could include the decision to drive after drinking.
The Supreme Court and Election Law: A Reply to Three Commentators

The Journal of Legislation and Notre Dame Law School invited three distinguished scholars to comment on my recent book, "The Supreme Court and Election Law: Judging Equality from Baker v. Carr to Bush v. Gore" (NYU Press 2003), and have kindly given me this chance to reply. After a brief summary of the main points of my book, I focus on what I consider to be the central critical claim of each commentator. Professor John Nagle gently suggests that election law itself may not be a coherent field of study, noting that much election law jurisprudence appears to turn on matters of appearance over that of substance. Professor Luis Fuentes-Rohwer agrees with much of my analysis, but argues that I do not go far enough - suggesting that the logical end-point of my argument is for the Supreme Court to extricate itself from the political thicket entirely. Professor Guy-Uriel E. Charles argues that my distinction between core and contested equality rights eliminates any purpose for judicial review and is too difficult to put into practice.In this Reply, I defend my approach. Professor Nagle is right that the Court often strays from the right path when it decides election law cases on appearances alone, but he fails to recognize how conceiving of election law synthetically informs Court decisionmaking on issues such as the justiciability of partisan gerrymandering claims. Professor Fuentes-Rohwer's general suggestion of Court exit from the political thicket has much to commend it in the abstract, but he fails to evaluate my proposal as a second best approach, particularly compared to the main alternative floating around election law circles today, the structuralist approach that focuses on appropriate political competition. Finally, Professor Charles puts his finger on the most difficult aspect of my book, and I welcome his decision to take my proposed distinction between core and contested equality claims seriously.
Systems Liaisons: Front Line Management for Library Technology

As computer technology increases its role within academic libraries, one of the problems faced by systems librarians is maintaining the equipment and training needed for the technology without over...
Employee Selection as a Control System: employee selection as a control system

Theories from the economics, management control, and organizational behavior literatures predict that when it is difficult to align incentives by contracting on output, aligning preferences via employee selection may provide a useful alternative. This study investigates this idea empirically using personnel and lending data from a financial services organization that implemented a highly decentralized business model. I exploit variation in this organization in whether or not employees are selected via channels that are likely to sort on the alignment of their preferences with organizational objectives. I find that employees selected through such channels are more likely to use decision-making authority in the granting and structuring of consumer loans than those who are not. Conditional on using decision-making authority, their decisions are also less risky ex post. These findings demonstrate employee selection as an important, but understudied, element of organizational control systems.
Cancer Induction in Hamsters by Human Type 12 Adenovirus. Effect of Age and of Virus Dose.

SummaryThe susceptibility of newborn hamsters to induction of sarcomas at the site of injection of human type 12 adenovirus decreases rapidly with increasing age at time of injection. For a given age at the time of injection, the incidence of tumors induced is directly proportional to the dose of virus injected. The 50% tumor-inducing dose in hamsters injected when less than one day of age lies between 0.5 and 50 MTCID100 of adenovirus under the conditions of these experiments. Increasing the dose of virus to 1000 MTCID100 produced one tumor among 8 hamsters injected as late as 14 days of age, but none in 3-week or older hamsters.
Emerging Nanomaterials for Nuclear Radiation Detectors

Nanosize devices have attracted tremendous interest over the last few years for a wide range of biomedical, biochemical sensing, and optoelectronic applications. So far, however, their potential has largely eluded the nuclear detection community. In this paper, the current status of the emerging nanomaterials for nuclear detection applications is reviewed. Recent preliminary data are presented, and the potential improvements in the detector cost, reliability, and performance the nanosize devices have to offer are discussed.
Popular Conceptions of Mindfulness: Awareness and Emotional Control

Mindfulness has become a fixture of both clinical treatment and popular culture. Much research and theoretical scholarship have operationalized “mindfulness” as clinicians use the term, yet no research has examined popular (i.e., lay) conceptions of mindfulness. Mindfulness trainings and interventions are now widely offered on college campuses. Thus, as a starting point for assessing lay conceptions of the construct, we examined how undergraduate college students at an urban university (N = 361) conceptualize mindfulness. In open-ended responses, participants linked mindfulness to awareness of external objects, internal sensations, or being in the present moment. When rating sentences on how well they represented mindfulness, participants strongly associated mindfulness with controlling emotions. In both the open-ended and sentence stem responses, mindfulness was rarely associated with psychological acceptance, which is notable because of the importance of acceptance in mindfulness-based clinical treatments. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The effect of a brief northward turning in IMF Bz on solar wind-magnetosphere coupling in a global MHD simulation

In this paper we examine the response of the magnetosphere-ionopshere (M-I) system to a transient northward excursion in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) using the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global MHD simulation. The simulated IMF transitions hold from a steady southward IMF to a steady northward IMF before suddenly transitioning back to southward IMF after 20 min. Once the IMF returns southward, the M-I system is in a state of reduced energy dissipation for approximately an hour as it reconfigures back into a standard southward IMF configuration. We find that the northward IMF excursion affects both the viscous and reconnection interactions with the solar wind. The flow of plasma in the magnetosphere is significantly disrupted by the reconnection cycle under northward IMF. This reduce the transfer of mechanical energy from the solar wind due to the viscous interaction, and the magnetosphere-ionosphere system is in a mixed topological configuration containing elements produced by both of southward IMF reconnection and the Dungey cycle, as well as northward IMF reconnection and the presence of reverse cell convection at high latitudes. The effects of the transient northward IMF must be completely cleared out before the system can return to an optimal state of energy transfer characteristic of steady southward IMF. As a result, a simple 20 min excursion of northward IMF can put the magnetosphere-ionosphere system into a reduced state of coupling to the solar wind for some time following the return to steady southward IMF; for LFM we saw a reduced state lasting an hour
Analysis of Combination Mode of HBV Infection Serum Mark among Students of College and Special Secondary School.

Objective To learn the infection of HBV and the distribution of HBVM combination mode in college students and special secondary school students. Method Using ELISA to sruvey HBVM in serum among 3 293 students. Results The carrier rate of HBVM among students was 13. 12% , higher than the whole country and this province average level, the boys was higher than the girls'. The positive rate of anti-HBs HBeAg anti-HBe and anti-HBc was 48.10 % . HBVM combination mode was 14 kinds, the positive rate of anti - HBs was 19.95 % , the positive rate of HBsAg HBeAg and anti-HBc was 7. 32 % , the positive rate of HBsAg anti-HBe and anti-HBc was 3. 98%. Among HBsAg positive people, the rate of HBsAg HBeAg anti-HBe and anti-HBc was 92. 36% . Conclusions The school should carry body test in health students regularly, and should test HBVM and liver function. The school should do some manage works a-mong people who had infected HBV and had communicability and inoculate the hepatitis vaccine for people who were negative in HBsAg anti-HBs and anti-HBc.
Factors Impacting Self-healing Overvoltage of Smart Distribution Network Connected with Microgrids

In order to investigate the regularity of self-healing overvoltage in smart distribution network that connected with microgrids and affected by different factors, especially the overvoltage in short-circuited network, we established a model of smart distribution network connected with microgrids. Furthermore, taking a position, a type of short circuit fault, and the respective self-healing process as the samples, we analyzed influential factors on overvoltage such as microgrid scale, distribution network scale, and cable length in distribution network, respectively. The simulation indicates that the maximum overvoltage of model system increases with the scale of microgrid, decreases with increasing scale of distribution network, and firstly decreases then increases when the cable length increases. These results can be used for references in specified overvoltage protecting designs of practical smart distribution network connected with microgrids.
Design of a High Accuracy Cymometer in Eectronic Fuel lnjection Systems of Diesel Engines

The paper introduces the designing principle of the circuit of a high accuracy cymometer which is one of the key components of electronic fuel injection systems.By analyses of the error in the cymometer,a program is put forward,which can measure frequency with high accuracy.The function of hardware is actualized by I/O board,which can be monitored by computers in real time.
Na + /K + -ATPase: Regulation of K + Access Channels by K +

Based on studies with the purified canine kidney enzyme (1), we concluded recently that Rb+ (or K+) occlusion sites of the unphosphorylated E2 state of the enzyme are confined within the protein matrix and connected to the medium by narrow and heterogeneous access channels, and that channel heterogeneity is distinct from any differences that may exist among the affinities of the occluded sites that are deep within these channels. More importantly, the same studies indicated that regulation of these channels is also distinct from the regulation of the events at the occluded sites, and identified allosteric regulatory effects of ATP, Na+, and Rb+ on the “width” of the access channels. Here, we present further findings on the interactive allosteric effects of ATP and Rb+ (or K+) on these channels. All experiments were done at 4±C by methods and procedures described before (1).
Optical-imaging-based neurofeedback to enhance therapeutic intervention in adolescents with autism: methodology and initial data

Impaired facial processing may contribute to social dysfunction in certain individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prior studies show that electroencephalogram-based and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback might help some individuals with ASD learn to modulate regional brain activity and thus reduce symptoms. Here, we report for the first time the feasibility of employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based neurofeedback training in children with ASD. We developed a method to study physiological self-regulation of oxy-hemoglobin using real-time feedback. The paradigm is illustrated with initial data from four subjects who engaged in a facial-identity recognition training program during which an implicit reinforcement was given based on the participant’s brain activity and behavioral performance. Two participants had a confirmed diagnosis of ASD, and the other two were typically developing (TD). One participant with ASD and one TD participant received real-feedback (real-FB) during the training, whereas the other two received sham-feedback (sham-FB). After five training sessions, the subjects who received real-FB showed more improvement in facial recognition performance compared with those receiving sham-FB, particularly in the participant with ASD. These results suggest fNIRS-based neurofeedback could enhance therapeutic intervention in children with ASD.
AI-16 The role of FC in the binding of ANTI-DNA antibodies to DNA

Background Antibodies to DNA (anti-DNA) are the serological hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mediate pathogenesis via the formation of immune complexes. While the avidity of these antibodies is high, it depends on monogamous bivalency, a mode of antibody binding in which both IgG combining sites interact with an extended piece of DNA. In the current study, we investigated this interaction further by assessing the activity of Fab and F(ab’)2 preparations of IgG from plasmas of SLE patients. Materials and methods Using purified IgG, Fab fragments were generated by papain digestion while F(ab’)2 fragments were prepared with pepsin. The binding to native calf thymus (CT) DNA was assessed by ELISA using an anti-human IgG (Fab specific) peroxidase reagent. In these experiments, the concentrations of IgG and fragments were determined on the basis of an equivalent number of binding sites. Control antigens were tetanus and an EBV antigen preparation. IgG and fragments from normal human subjects were used as controls for binding to foreign antigens. Results For each of the SLE IgG preparations studied, Fab and F(ab’)2 fragments failed to bind significantly to DNA in the ELISA (Figure 1). In contrast, the Fab and F(ab’)2 fragments were active against the tetanus and EBV antigens. The binding of the fragments from SLE patients to the foreign antigens was similar to that of normal human subjects. Conclusions These results define a new pattern of anti-DNA binding. Since a Fab fragment can bind monovalently, a lack of activity is expected. The failure of F(ab’)2 fragments to bind is unexpected, pointing to a critical role for the Fc portion of the IgG molecule in stabilising antibody interaction. The Fc portion can contribute to anti-DNA by inducing a conformational change in the binding sites; contacting DNA; or forming Fc:Fc interactions to increase valency. This binding pattern can be called Fc-dependent monogamous bivalency. The findings suggest that agents that affect the Fc portion may be useful to therapeutically inhibit anti-DNA interactions.
Architectural Partitioning (APARTY)

Architectural partitioning is an early step in the Algorithmic Level synthesis process. It divides the behavior among high level physical units such as VLSI chips. There are several reasons for including this phase in the design process. One of the difficulties of synthesis is the lack of information in the behavioral description about physical aspects of the design that would aid in making decisions about the translation to the structural domain. This difficulty is compounded by the interdependency of design decisions. Architectural Partitioning addresses these problems by extracting high level structural information from a behavioral description. This information can be used in the synthesis process not only by giving preliminary clues about how synthesis should progress, but also by providing a global goal that can be used to maintain consistency across different design phases and allowing for a high level exploration of the design space early in the synthesis process.
Rail Developments and Requirements for Heavy Haul Railways

The one constant of North American railway heavy haul service is the quest for ever increasing axle loads. During the 1960’s, the maximum axle loads permitted in interchange increased from 23.9 tonnes (26.25 tons) to 29.9 tonnes (32.9 tons). This change resulted in an increase in rail wear and defect formation which, in turn, stimulated an increase in research and development activity to extend rail life in the heavier axle environment. Further the change to 29.9 tonne (32.9 ton) axle loads was made without a thorough examination of the increase in rail costs. To establish the costs associated with the operation of trains with heavy axle loads the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing, known as the FAST experiment, was begun on a 7.6 km (4.8 mi) track loop as a cooperative program between the Association of American Railroads and the Federal Railroad Administration at the Transportation Test Center near Pueblo, Colorado [1]. The FAST experiment and it successor, the Heavy Axle Load Program, have continued to quantify the system, including rail, costs encountered in operating trains with axle loads of 29.9 tonne (32.9 ton), and more recently, 35.8 tonne (39.375 ton) axle loads. Concurrently, major findings have been developed based on the operation of Australian iron mining railways which operate at axle loads up to 32.5 tonnes (35.7 tons) [2].
Computer-based clinical decision support systems: a review

Source Citation Johnston ME, Langton KB, Haynes RB, Mathieu A. Effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems on clinician performance and patient outcome. A critical appraisal of rese...
1000-Cell Global Spectrum Management

This work studies centralized slow-timescale spectrum management in metropolitan area networks with a very large number of access points (APs) and user equipments (UEs). The joint spectrum allocation and user association problem is first formulated as a convex optimization problem with an exponential number of variables in the network size. A scalable reformulation is obtained by exploiting the geometric graph nature of the network and provable sparsity of the optimal solution. A pattern pursuit algorithm with low complexity is proposed to solve the reformulated problem with guaranteed gap to the global optimum. Efficient algorithms are developed to obtain near-optimal allocations for a network with up to 1000 APs and 2500 active users. Numerical results show that the proposed solution achieves significant gains in terms of delay and throughput over existing schemes and is within 7% to the global optimum in a typical scenario.
Influences of Product Temperature on Emotional Responses to, and Sensory Attributes of, Coffee and Green Tea Beverages.

Coffee and green tea are popular beverages consumed at both hot and cold temperatures. When people consume hot beverages concurrently with other activities, they may experience at different temperatures over the period of consumption. However, there has been limited research investigating the effects of product temperatures on emotional responses and sensory attributes of beverages. This study aimed to determine whether emotional responses to, and sensory attributes of, brewed coffee and green tea vary as a function of sample temperature. Using a check-all-that-apply (CATA) method, 157 participants (79 for coffee and 78 for green tea) were asked to evaluate either coffee or green tea samples served at cold (5 °C), ambient (25 °C), and hot (65 °C) temperatures with respect to emotional responses and sensory attributes. The results showed that sample temperature could have significant influences on emotional responses to, and sensory attributes of, coffee and green tea samples. More specifically, 6 and 18 sensory attributes of coffee and green tea samples, respectively, significantly differed with sample temperature. Beverage samples evaluated at 65 °C were characterized, regardless of activation/arousal level, by positive emotional responses terms and favorable sensory attributes. While beverages evaluated at 25 °C were associated more with negative emotional responses with low activation/arousal, those evaluated at 5 °C were more frequently characterized as having negative emotional responses with high activation/arousal. Sensory and emotional drivers of liking for both coffee and green tea differed both with sample temperature and gender. While both emotional responses and sensory attributes were identified as drivers of liking among females, only emotional responses were identified as drivers of liking among males. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence that both emotional responses to, and sensory attributes of, coffee and green tea beverages can vary with sample temperatures. To provide a better understanding of product characteristics, emotional responses to, and sensory attributes of, coffee or green tea beverages should be tested over a wider range of product temperatures.
Black Gold, White Power: Mapping Oil, Real Estate, and Racial Segregation in the Los Angeles Basin, 1900-1939

In 1923, Southern California produced over twenty percent of the world’s oil. At the epicenter of an oil boom from 1892 to the 1930s, Los Angeles grew into the nation’s fifth largest city. By the end of the rush, it had also become one of the most racially segregated cities in the country. Historians have overlooked the relationship between industrialists drilling for oil and real estate developers codifying a racist housing market, namely through “redlining” maps and mortgage lending. While redlining is typically understood as a problem of horizontal territory, this paper argues that the mapping of the underground—the location and volume of subterranean oil fields, in particular—was a crucial technique in underwriting urban apartheid. Mapping technologies linked oil exploitation with restrictive property rights, constructing oil as a resource and vertically engineering a racialized housing market. By focusing on petro-industrialization interlocked with segregationist housing, this article reveals an unexamined chapter in Los Angeles’s history of resource exploitation and racial capitalism. Moreover, it contributes to a growing literature on the social production of resources, extractive technology and political exclusion, and the technoscientific practices used by states and corporations to mine the underground while constructing metropolitan inequality above ground.