cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic interactions in the induced-charge electrophoresis of colloidal rod dispersions

The behaviour of a dispersion of infinitely polarizable slender rods in an electric field is described using theory and numerical simulations. The polarization of the rods results in the formation of dipolar charge clouds around the particle surfaces, which in turn drive nonlinear electrophoretic flows under the action of the applied field. This induced-charge electrophoresis causes no net migration for uncharged particles with fore–aft symmetry, but can lead to rotations and to relative motions as a result of hydrodynamic interactions. A slender-body formulation is derived that accounts for induced-charge electrophoresis based on a thin double layer approximation, and shows that the effects of the electric field on a single rod can be modelled by a linear slip velocity along the rod axis, which causes particle alignment and drives a stresslet flow in the surrounding fluid. Based on this slender-body model, the hydrodynamic interactions between a pair of aligned rods are studied, and we identify domains of attraction and repulsion, which suggest that particle pairing may occur. An efficient method is implemented for the simulation of dispersions of many Brownian rods undergoing induced-charge electrophoresis, that accounts for far-field hydrodynamic interactions up to the stresslet term, as well as near-field lubrication and contact forces. Simulations with negligible Brownian motion show that particle pairing indeed occurs in the suspension, as demonstrated by sharp peaks in the pair distribution function. The superposition of all the electrophoretic flows driven on the rod surfaces is observed to result in a diffusive motion at long times, and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients are calculated. Results are also presented for colloidal suspensions, in which Brownian fluctuations are found to hinder particle pairing and alignment. Orientation distributions are obtained for various electric field strengths, and are compared to an analytical solution of the Fokker–Planck equation for the orientation probabilities in the limit of infinite dilution.
Advancing the science of measurement of diagnostic errors in healthcare: the Safer Dx framework.

Diagnostic errors are major contributors to harmful patient outcomes, yet they remain a relatively understudied and unmeasured area of patient safety. Although they are estimated to affect about 12 million Americans each year in ambulatory care settings alone, both the conceptual and pragmatic scientific foundation for their measurement is under-developed. Health care organizations do not have the tools and strategies to measure diagnostic safety and most have not integrated diagnostic error into their existing patient safety programs. Further progress toward reducing diagnostic errors will hinge on our ability to overcome measurement-related challenges. In order to lay a robust groundwork for measurement and monitoring techniques to ensure diagnostic safety, we recently developed a multifaceted framework to advance the science of measuring diagnostic errors (The Safer Dx framework). In this paper, we describe how the framework serves as a conceptual foundation for system-wide safety measurement, monitoring and improvement of diagnostic error. The framework accounts for the complex adaptive sociotechnical system in which diagnosis takes place (the structure), the distributed process dimensions in which diagnoses evolve beyond the doctor's visit (the process) and the outcomes of a correct and timely “safe diagnosis” as well as patient and health care outcomes (the outcomes). We posit that the Safer Dx framework can be used by a variety of stakeholders including researchers, clinicians, health care organizations and policymakers, to stimulate both retrospective and more proactive measurement of diagnostic errors. The feedback and learning that would result will help develop subsequent interventions that lead to safer diagnosis, improved value of health care delivery and improved patient outcomes.
Social Cognitive Determinants of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity in College Freshmen

This paper examined the relationship among social cognitive factors and physical activity in college freshmen. Students from a midwestern university (N = 69; 56.5% female) participated in this prospective study. Psychosocial data were collected at the beginning of a semester, and physical activity measurement by accelerometry was completed at semester's end. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-efficacy and physical activity goals were significant predictors of vigorous activity (r2 = .16). However, these constructs were not significant for moderate activity (r2 = .16). Social cognitive constructs appear to be related to vigorous, but not moderate activity in college freshmen. Future studies should consider assessing social cognitive and physical activity variables at multiple time points across extended durations.
The quantum internet

Quantum networks provide opportunities and challenges across a range of intellectual and technical frontiers, including quantum computation, communication and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of many nodes and channels requires new scientific capabilities for generating and characterizing quantum coherence and entanglement. Fundamental to this endeavour are quantum interconnects, which convert quantum states from one physical system to those of another in a reversible manner. Such quantum connectivity in networks can be achieved by the optical interactions of single photons and atoms, allowing the distribution of entanglement across the network and the teleportation of quantum states between nodes.
Supporting embedded system design capture, analysis and navigation

The paper presents a COTS (commercial off the shelf) oriented view of the embedded systems design space. It summarizes a set of frameworks capturing a significant portion of this design space along with a selected set of methods. These methods enable engineers to easily generate and quantitatively evaluate points within the design space. The paper also briefly discusses the design space navigation problem. The frameworks and methods are restricted to address performance/resource management issues. The paper shows how the design capture frameworks can establish and maintain performance baselines for large scale, long life, embedded systems.
Microfluorometric Studies of the Distribution of Finishes on Fibers and Yarns

A microfluorometric method is presented for studying the distribution of finishes on textile substrates. The method is based on the effect of microenvironment (such as microviscosity and micropolarity ) in preserving the excited states of fluorescent tracer molecules introduced into the finish. Different methods for introducing tracers into finishes are described, with a critical appraisal of their merits. Fluorescence intensity is shown to be related to the thickness of the finish film up to about 3 μm. Above this, the intensity levels off due to autoquenching effects. Various microfluorometric scanning modes suitable for studying filaments, yarns, and fabrics are described, and their relevance to the nature of the distribution of finish is discussed in detail. The importance of selecting an appropriate tracer is illustrated by applying the method to an autofluorescent substrate.
Severe Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Associated with Anagrelide

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of severe life-threatening hypersensitivity pneumonitis temporally associated with the use of anagrelide in a patient with myeloproliferative disorder.CASE SUMMARY:A 60-year-old white woman with chronic myeloid leukemia who had been treated with hydroxyurea for 7 years was offered anagrelide to control thrombocytosis. She developed severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis soon after the drug was initiated and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. A high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest demonstrated extensive multifocal ground glass attenuation and patchy alveolar consolidation involving both lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a preponderance of lymphocytes, suggesting hypersensitivity phenomenon, but was otherwise negative for malignancy and other causes of interstitial pneumonitis. An objective causality assessment revealed that an adverse drug event was probable. Discontinuation of anagrelide and hydroxyurea, and institution of corticosteroid therapy r...
Influence of Oncogenicity of Marek’s Disease Virus on Evaluation of Genetic Resistance

Resistance to Marek's disease ( MD) is, in part, genetically determined and linked to the major histocompatability complex. The genetic resistance of 9 previously characterized lines of chickens and also of the inbred UCD-003 and 4 congenic lines was evaluated by challenge with JM-10. Five lines were highly resistant. These included the N-line and two derivatives from N-line (N-2 and N-5), PDRC strain, and one of the congenic UCD lines. The PDRC genotype is unknown, but the 3 related lines carry the B21 allele and the UCD line carries the BQ allele, which appears to be similar to B21. The UCD-003 and the other 3 congenic lines were moderately resistant while S-strain, P-2 and P-5 lines were highly susceptible to JM-10. The total MD incidence varied from 0 to 100% among the lines. Challenge with highly oncogenic virus isolates like GA-5, and especially the recently isolated RB-1B, caused high incidences of MD in all lines and, thus, did not permit differentiation of genetic resistance levels as was possible with the less oncogenic JM-10.
EkSarva: an intelligent collaboration framework

Ubiquitous computing and universal network connectivity have given rise to expectations of building a Digital Society, where many aspects of business and social activities may be accomplished by remote participants. Intelligent, context-aware, and workflow-centric collaboration is an essential prerequisite to fulfill that expectation. EkSarva is a framework, which enables realization of such collaborations in diverse domains. This is accomplished by identifying the key concepts and their inter-relationships (dubbed the PPP/SST paradigm), which form the foundation of this framework. The key concepts include: (a) Project, (b) Person, (c) Place, (d) Signal, (e) Situation, and (f) Transcript. This paper describes how these concepts collectively can give rise to an intelligent collaboration environment.
Problem Finding/Solving in Science: Moving Toward Theory

(1990). Problem Finding/Solving in Science: Moving Toward Theory. Creativity Research Journal: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 330-332.
GX15-070 (Obatoclax) Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cathepsin D- and L–Mediated Autophagosomal Lysis in Antiestrogen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

In estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells, BCL2 overexpression contributes to antiestrogen resistance. Direct targeting of the antiapoptotic BCL2 members with GX15-070 (GX; obatoclax), a BH3-mimetic currently in clinical development, is an attractive strategy to overcome antiestrogen resistance in some breast cancers. Recently, GX has been shown to induce both apoptosis and autophagy, yet the underlying cell death mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that GX is more effective in reducing the cell density of antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells versus sensitive cells, and that this increased sensitivity of resistant cells to GX correlates with an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Formation of autophagosomes in GX-treated cells was verified by changes in expression of the lipidation of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3 and both confocal and transmission electron microscopy. While GX treatment promotes autophagic vacuole and autolysosome formation, p62/SQSTM1, a marker for autophagic degradation, levels accumulate. Moreover, GX exposure leads to a reduction in cathepsin D and L protein expression that would otherwise digest autolysosome cargo. Thus, GX has dual roles in promoting cell death: (1) directly inhibiting antiapoptotic BCL2 family members, thereby inducing apoptosis; and (2) inhibiting downstream cathepsins D and L protein expression to limit the ability of cells to use degraded material to fuel cellular metabolism and restore homeostasis. Our data highlight a new mechanism of GX-induced cell death that could be used to design novel therapeutic interventions for antiestrogen resistant breast cancer.
The role of vacancies in the hydrogen storage properties of Prussian blue analogues

Abstract The porosity and hydrogen storage properties of the dehydrated Prussian blue type solids Ga[Co(CN)6], Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, M2[Fe(CN)6] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu), and Co3[Co(CN)5]2 are reported and compared to those of M3[Co(CN)6]2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). Nitrogen sorption measurements suggest partial framework collapse for M2[Fe(CN)6] (M = Co, Ni) and Co3[Co(CN)5]2, and complete collapse for Mn2[Fe(CN)6]. Hydrogen sorption isotherms measured at 77 K reveal a correlation between uptake capacity and the concentration of framework vacancies, with Langmuir–Freundlich fits predicting saturation values of 1.4 wt.% for Ga[Co(CN)6], 1.6 wt.% for Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, 2.1 wt.% for Cu3[Co(CN)6]2, and 2.3 wt.% for Cu2[Fe(CN)6]. Enthalpies of H2 adsorption were calculated from isotherms measured at 77 and 87 K. Importantly, the values obtained for compounds with framework vacancies are not significantly greater than for the fully-occupied framework of Ga[Co(CN)6] (6.3–6.9 kJ/mol). This suggests that the exposed metal coordination sites in these materials do not dominate the hydrogen binding interaction.
Geometrically controlled snapping transitions in shells with curved creases

Curvature and mechanics are intimately connected for thin materials, and this coupling between geometry and physical properties is readily seen in folded structures from intestinal villi and pollen grains to wrinkled membranes and programmable metamaterials. While the well-known rules and mechanisms behind folding a flat surface have been used to create deployable structures and shape transformable materials, folding of curved shells is still not fundamentally understood. Shells naturally deform by simultaneously bending and stretching, and while this coupling gives them great stability for engineering applications, it makes folding a surface of arbitrary curvature a nontrivial task. Here we discuss the geometry of folding a creased shell, and demonstrate theoretically the conditions under which it may fold smoothly. When these conditions are violated we show, using experiments and simulations, that shells undergo rapid snapping motion to fold from one stable configuration to another. Although material asymmetry is a proven mechanism for creating this bifurcation of stability, for the case of a creased shell, the inherent geometry itself serves as a barrier to folding. We discuss here how two fundamental geometric concepts, creases and curvature, combine to allow rapid transitions from one stable state to another. Independent of material system and length scale, the design rule that we introduce here explains how to generate snapping transitions in arbitrary surfaces, thus facilitating the creation of programmable multistable materials with fast actuation capabilities.
Introduction and Historical Overview

This chapter contains sections titled: What Is Quasioptics? Why Quasioptics Is of Interest Historical Overview Organization of This Book Bibliographic Notes
Entry and Competition: Evidence from the Brazilian Movie Exhibition Industry

This paper utilizes the substantial and rapid increase in the number of Brazilian theater screens experienced between 2002 and 2005 to empirically examine how entry reshapes the competitive landscape. Using a large database containing daily information on box office performance and attendance by movie and screen I study how the entry of new screens affects revenues, attendance, and tickets prices at incumbent screens, and whether or not the effects of screen entry from the same chain are equal to those of competing chains. By including weekly-varying movie fixed effects in the regressions in order to account for unobserved time-varying movie quality, this paper develops an estimation scheme that allows characterizing the nature of business stealing according to the collection of movies exhibited by incumbents and entrants. I examine both: (i) whether or not entrants push incumbents into showing movies with lower potential at the box office, and to what extent a reduction in the quality of incumbents’ product offerings due to entry explains a decline in their amount of business, and (ii) whether the effects of entry on incumbents’ residual demands are similar when incumbents and entrants show identical or different movies. By aggregating the data at the city level this paper also studies the effects of entry on both market expansion and local movie variety.
Spermatogenesis in the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle, Scolytus multistriatus

Testicular volume of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) increased rapidly during the larval and early pupal stages, reached its maximum during the pupal stage, and decreased in the adult stage. Spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa were all found in the adult, indicating that spermatogenesis continues into this stage of development. Spermiogenesis was studied during the prepupal, pupal, and adult stages, using light and electron microscopy.
Abstract A111: Sweetened beverages, sweetened foods, glycemic load, and breast cancer recurrence

Background: The role of sweetened food and beverage intake in breast cancer recurrence has been largely unexplored despite mechanistic evidence that these dietary factors may be associated with elevated glycemic load, insulin levels and proinflammatory response. Objective: To assess risk for recurrent or a new primary breast cancer event among 2832 breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women9s Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study in relation to baseline sweetened beverage and sweetened food intakes and glycemic index/glycemic load. Design: Prospective sub-group analysis of dietary GI, GL, white bread/rolls/crackers, sweet food and sweetened beverage intakes, as assessed using the Arizona Food Frequency Questionnaire (AFFQ), and new breast cancer events (N=471). Descriptive statistics and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, were performed to assess hazard ratio for recurrence risk by dietary exposure. Results: Study subjects consumed, on average, 281.7±111.4 g/d carbohydrate (CHO) and 25.2±12.3 g/d of dietary fiber and had an estimated GL of 129.5±52.2.While GI and GL were not significantly associated with breast cancer events, postmenopausal women who reported a higher intake of sweetened beverages demonstrated a significant elevation in risk for recurrent disease (HR 1.46; 95% CI,1.07–1.98). Intake of sweetened beverages was greater among minority women and was associated with higher body mass index and lower reported physical activity suggesting sweetened beverage intake may be a surrogate of other risk factors. Conclusions: High intake of sweetened beverages, including carbonated beverages and sweetened fruit drinks, is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer recurrence among postmenopausal women previously treated for early stage disease. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A111.
Trends in malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in US adults from 1990 to 2010: a SEER database analysis

Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precancerous lesions with a well-described adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Although the risk of malignant transformation has been well studied, data on trends in long-term survival and important prognostic factors associated with survival in malignant IPMN are lacking. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried to identify patients with confirmed malignant IPMN based upon pathologic diagnosis or radiographic evidence concerning for malignant potential. Median survival and age-adjusted incidence were calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine independent mortality factors. Results: Based upon the SEER database query, 2651 patients were diagnosed with malignant IPMN between 1990 and 2010. The age-adjusted incidence of IPMN in 1990 was 0.361 per 100 000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.285–0.451) with a steady decline observed through 2010 (0.135 per 100 000 persons, 95% CI: 0.098–0.186). A total of 564 patients (21.3%) underwent a surgical procedure, though the number of patients who underwent surgery from 1990 to 2010 also decreased (1990–1995, n = 132 to 2006–2010, n = 96, respectively). The overall median survival was 4 months and remained relatively stable from 1990 to 2010. Performance of surgery (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.40–0.53, P < 0.001) was associated with a decreased risk of death. Conclusion: A significant decrease in the incidence of malignant IPMN was seen from 1990 to 2010. There was also no improvement observed in long-term survival. The small percentage of eligible cases receiving surgical treatment suggests that there is room for further improvement in survival, with increased utilization of surgery.
Which Spoken Language Markers Identify Deception in High-Stakes Settings? Evidence From Earnings Conference Calls

Quarterly conference calls where corporate executives discuss earnings that are later found to be misreported offer an excellent test bed for determining if automated linguistic and vocalic analysi...
Abiotic and biotic factors affecting the replication and pathogenicity of bee viruses

Bees are important pollinators of plants in both agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. Recent losses of both managed and wild bee species have negative impacts on crop production and ecosystem diversity. Therefore, in order to mitigate bee losses, it is important to identify the factors most responsible. Multiple factors including pathogens, agrochemical exposure, lack of quality forage, and reduced habitat affect bee health. Pathogen prevalence is one factor that has been associated with colony losses. Numerous pathogens infect bees including fungi, protists, bacteria, and viruses, the majority of which are RNA viruses including several that infect multiple bee species. RNA viruses readily infect bees, yet there is limited understanding of their impacts on bee health, particularly in the context of other stressors. Herein we review the influence environmental factors have on the replication and pathogenicity of bee viruses and identify research areas that require further investigation.
New directions in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

As the chemotherapy horizons have expanded in colorectal cancer with development of oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) and irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar), so too have our approaches to therapy. Numerous immunotherapy and gene
The influence of whole genome duplication and subsequent diversification on environmental robustness and evolutionary innovation in gene regulatory networks.

In biological systems, whole genome duplication and subsequent diversification constitute powerful mechanisms for the discovery of new phenotypes and for the protection of these phenotypes against environmental perturbation. Here, we use Random Boolean Networks to investigate the influence of these genetic mechanisms on the relationship between evolutionary innovation and environmental robustness in gene regulatory networks. We find that whole genome duplication is highly deleterious in ancestral environments, but provides fitness advantages in novel environments, which come at the cost of reduced environmental robustness. We then show that the subsequent diversification of duplicated networks, via the loss of regulatory interactions, can partly negotiate this tradeoff, improving evolutionary innovation and environmental robustness. We conclude by discussing the implications, limitations, and future directions of our research.
Orthotopic replacement of the bladder

The Davis technique has been used in 42 male patients with invasive bladder cancer, node-negative, and no bladder neck or prostatic involvement with TCC. Patients were told before the operation that there might be occasional difficulties with voiding and nocturnal incontinence, and that catheterisation might sometimes be necessary. All had undergone cysto-prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. A 40 cm segment of ileum with the most dependent mesentery was used to make the urethro-ileal anastomosis. It was placed in a U-shaped configuration and the back wall closed with absorbable staples. Using electro-cautery, the segment was opened to gain access to the anterior staples, which were then removed. The segment was then folded up to form a conventional Kock pouch, with two corners. Finally the anterior portion was closed with absorbable staples or sutures. After three months approximately 95% of patients remained dry during the daytime and 75% at night. A total of 90% of patients were highly satisfied with the outcome, dissatisfaction relating mainly to incontinence and the need to catheterize.
Early blindness results in developmental plasticity for auditory motion processing within auditory and occipital cortex

Early blind subjects exhibit superior abilities for processing auditory motion, which are accompanied by enhanced BOLD responses to auditory motion within hMT+ and reduced responses within right planum temporale (rPT). Here, by comparing BOLD responses to auditory motion in hMT+ and rPT within sighted controls, early blind, late blind, and sight-recovery individuals, we were able to separately examine the effects of developmental and adult visual deprivation on cortical plasticity within these two areas. We find that both the enhanced auditory motion responses in hMT+ and the reduced functionality in rPT are driven by the absence of visual experience early in life; neither loss nor recovery of vision later in life had a discernable influence on plasticity within these areas. Cortical plasticity as a result of blindness has generally be presumed to be mediated by competition across modalities within a given cortical region. The reduced functionality within rPT as a result of early visual loss implicates an additional mechanism for cross modal plasticity as a result of early blindness-competition across different cortical areas for functional role.
Sustainability evaluation of the Great Wall of China using fuzzy set concepts by incorporating Leadership Energy and Environmental Design

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the sustainability performance of the ancient construction method and the service life during the Ming Dynasty on the Great Wall of China in Jinshanling. Jinshanling section of the Great Wall is located in Luanping County, approximately 150 km northeast of Beijing, China [“Beijing China to Jinshanling China.” 2015. Google Maps, October 10. Accessed October 10, 2015]. To determine whether the Great Wall was sustainable during the time period, i.e. the Ming Dynasty, the authors use Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design guide and fuzzy set concepts (with the centroid method). The results of these methodologies demonstrate that the Great Wall of China in Jinshanling was fairly sustainable during the Ming Dynasty. After the conclusion of this paper, the authors hope to open up further research on whether the ancient construction methods from the Great Wall of China can be sustainable and used in today’s construction industry.
Self-Configuration, Monitoring and Control of Physical Entities via Sensor and Actuator Networks

The physical entities which are taken into account by Machine to Machine (M2M) telecom applications are more and more heterogeneous. The challenge addressed by our research is the automatic integration and configuration of all these types of physical entities in M2M systems, with a homogeneous solution that generalizes self-configuration approaches used for networked digital devices. This thesis presents a general theoretical framework and basic mechanisms for the identification and configuration of such physical entity models in distributed embedded information systems. Our approach deals jointly with equipment and space entities encompassing the ”Internet of Things” (IoT) and ”interactive environment” viewpoints in a renewed interpretation of ambient intelligence. This work has been motivated initially by home energy management applications, trying to integrate into the Home Area Network all home entities that play a role in energy management, but do not have a networked interface of their own. This corresponds to a qualitative extension of the perimeter of the Home Area Network. This integration is achieved in a way similar to what is done for state of the art digital devices, through a spontaneous discovery and configuration mechanism, with the following stages: detection of the presence of a physical entity by analyzing the coincidence of significant events detected by sensors; selection of the first generic model corresponding to the detected physical entity from a reference ontology, on the basis of received sensors data; creation of a software component representing the detected physical entity, based on the selected model, associated with relevant sensors and actuators; provision of application interface for monitoring and control of the target entity through this intermediate software component; iterative update of the identified entity model on the basis of data from associated sensors. The proposed approach has been validated and implemented in home environments, but it is intended to be generalized and expanded to environments such as buildings or cities, offering a similarly shared infrastructure for all M2M applications in these environments
The Importance of Short-Term Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Biomass and Photosynthetic Productivity of Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms

The current study was designed to test the concerning strategy of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) to UV-B. In this study, we evaluated the short-term effect of UV-B radiation (short-term UV-B radiation, S-UV-B) on water hyacinth under the natural conditions of Nanjing, China (118°46′E, 32°24′N, 30 m above sea level) with supplemental ultraviolet-B (12 W m−2 above ambient). The growth characteristics and the photosynthetic performance of water hyacinth leaves exposed to UV-B were assessed by measuring net photosynthetic rate, the specific fluorescence parameters including maximal fluorescence (Fm), efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and JIP-test parameters. Water hyacinth was tolerant to 1-h UV-B doses over 25 days, maintaining a stable dry weight after treatment. Conversely, plants showed elongation of roots and a decrease in ramet numbers. These changes in growth were closely related to a physiological protection strategy consisting of a higher ability to dissipate extra light energy, strong antioxidative abilities, higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, and stable ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, as indicated by the stable net photosynthetic rate and reduced inhibition of reactive oxygen species content. After the 3-h dose of UV-B, dry weight decreased significantly, as the above-mentioned protective strategy could not cope with the oxidative damage arising from these treatments. The study concludes that S-UV-B is a potent stimulating factor in increasing the concentrations of defense compounds and antioxidants in water hyacinth to optimize its performance under stress.
Reduced Arogenate Dehydratase Expression: Ramifications for Photosynthesis and Metabolism

Arogenate dehydratase (ADT) catalyzes the final step of phenylalanine (Phe) biosynthesis. Previous work showed that ADT-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants had significantly reduced lignin contents, with stronger reductions in lines that had deficiencies in more ADT isoforms. Here, by analyzing Arabidopsis ADT mutants using our phenomics facility and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we describe the effects of the modulation of ADT on photosynthetic parameters and secondary metabolism. Our data indicate that a reduced carbon flux into Phe biosynthesis in ADT mutants impairs the consumption of photosynthetically produced ATP, leading to an increased ATP/ADP ratio, the overaccumulation of transitory starch, and lower electron transport rates. The effect on electron transport rates is caused by an increase in proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane that down-regulates photosystem II activity by the high-energy quenching mechanism. Furthermore, quantitation of secondary metabolites in ADT mutants revealed reduced flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignan, and glucosinolate contents, including glucosinolates that are not derived from aromatic amino acids, and significantly increased contents of putative galactolipids and apocarotenoids. Additionally, we used real-time atmospheric monitoring mass spectrometry to compare respiration and carbon fixation rates between the wild type and adt3/4/5/6, our most extreme ADT knockout mutant, which revealed no significant difference in both night- and day-adapted plants. Overall, these data reveal the profound effects of altered ADT activity and Phe metabolism on secondary metabolites and photosynthesis with implications for plant improvement.
Scenarios of energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions reduction potential in the buildings sector in China to year 2050

As China’s rapid urbanization continues and urban dwellers become more affluent, energy use in buildings is expected to grow. To understand how this growth can be slowed, we explore four scenarios for Chinese buildings, ranging from a high-energy-demand scenario with no new energy policies to lowest energy demand under a techno-economic-potential scenario that assumes full deployment of cost-effective efficient and renewable technologies by 2050. We show that, in the high energy demand scenario, building energy demand has an average annual growth rate of about 2.8%, with slower growth rates in the other three scenarios. In all scenarios, CO2 emissions grow slower than energy, with building CO2 peaking around 2045 in the high energy demand scenario, and as early as 2030 in the techno-economic-potential scenario. We show that although various technological solutions, systems and practices can be very effective in minimizing building energy use, rigorous policies are needed to overcome multiple implementation barriers.
Chapter 6 – Functional Genomics

The completion of the human genome project marked the beginning of the so-called postgenomic era, an exciting time that is delivering new insights into the complex regulation of genes in all fields of research, including bone biology. The rapid development of new tools of functional genomics, and major efforts, such as the ENCODE consortium led to the discovery of hundreds of thousands of regulatory elements throughout the genome using methods, such as DNase-seq and ChIP-seq. Novel approaches are needed to probe the actual function of these annotated sequences and to understand the function of variants identified by genome-wide association studies, particularly in the bone field. Examples for these tools, such as RNAi-based assays, multiplexed reporter assays to assess the function of genomic variants, and genome-wide gain-of-function screens using the ORFeome are discussed. The CRISPR/CAS9 technology with applications, such as saturating mutagenesis and gain- and loss-of-function screens is revolutionizing functional genomics.
Recurrent Ecchymoses and Cutaneous Hyperreactivity to Hemoglobin: A Form of Autoerythrocyte Sensitization

A patient with recurrent painful ecchymoses was presented with features similar to those described for patients with autoerythrocyte sensitization. This patient differed in that she was reactive to the red cell hemolysate and purified hemoglobin and not to red cell lipid, red cell stroma, or leukocyte DNA. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that the abnormal vascular reaction involved an immunologic mechanism. The patient was observed forcibly inducing bruises but not manipulating the skin tests. It was concluded that a cutaneous hyperreactivity to hemoglobin in association with psychological disturbances was responsible for the painful ecchymoses in this patient.
Authors' reply - anaphylactic shock with methylprednisolone, Kounis syndrome and Hypersitivity to corticosteroids: a clinical paradox

In our letter, we comment the paper of Kounis et al., that highlights a poor-known clinical entity determined by systemic use of corticosteroids, the so-called “Kounis syndrome type I”. We appreciated and shared the intent of Authors to treat the important issue of high risk of adverse drug reaction in patients with atopic diathesis and we confirm the need to administer corticosteroids with caution in patients suffering from allergic disease.
Periprocedural Outcomes of Elective Revascularization for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) vs. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in Patients with Renal Dysfunction

Background The degree of left ventricular dysfunction has a well-defined impact on survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The clinical benefit from revascularization is difficult to ascertain and depends on the amount of hibernating myocardium at risk. The decision to achieve complete myocardial revascularization by CABG vs. PCI in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and typically based on clinical gestalt with limited literature available on in-hospital mortality, cost, and outcomes for both strategies. Hypothesis Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing revascularization with CABG will have worse periprocedural outcomes and higher cost compared to PCI. Methods All hospitalizations of patients with CKD (ICD-9 diagnosis codes 585.X) and systolic heart failure (diagnosis codes 428.1, 428.2x, 428.4x, or 428.9) were identified from the 2006-2014 National Inpatient Sample. Within this cohort, patients with PCI (ICD-9 procedure codes 36.06 or 36.07) and with CABG (procedure code 36.1) were compared in terms of demographics, comorbidities, in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of care. Trends over time were determined using the Cochran Armitage and Cuzick tests. Multivariate models were constructed with weighted logistic and linear regression (gamma function) using the NIS discharge weights and adjusted for age and comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and family history of heart disease. Results Overall, trends in in-hospital mortality (p=0.25) and LOS (p=0.91) remained unchanged for the PCI group, but decreased in the CABG group (p Conclusions Revascularization can be successfully achieved by both PCI and CABG in CKD patients. However, PCI appears to have lower in-hospital mortality, fewer postoperative complications, shorter LOS, and significant cost savings.
The Impacts of Liquid Metal Plasma-Facing Components on Fusion Reactor Safety and Tritium Management

AbstractIn this work we consider some of the safety implications of using liquid metal (LM) plasma-facing components (PFCs) in future fusion reactors. Candidate LMs include lithium, tin, and tin-li...
Combustion of Composites of Boron with Bismuth and Cobalt Fluorides in Different Environments

Composite powders of boron and 50 wt-% of either bismuth or cobalt fluoride were prepared by arrested reactive milling. Particle combustion was studied in air, and in the products of air-hydrogen a...
A Case of Urinary Sepsis Secondary to Streptococcus sanguinis

We report a case of a 71-year-old male with a history of BPH who presented with flank pain, fever, chills, abdominal pain, and nausea. He had a dental cleaning 1 month prior to admission and flosses daily. Laboratory data revealed both urine and blood cultures to be positive for streptococcus sanguinis. Computed tomography revealed a 10 mm right ureteral stone, and an ultrasound demonstrated moderate right hydronephrosis. He underwent an ureteroscopy with stent placement. A transesophageal echocardiogram was negative for endocarditis. He completed 2 weeks of IV ceftriaxone and made a complete recovery.
The Coastline Paradox

How long is the coastline of the United States? While it may sound counter-intuitive, there is no objectively true answer to this question. In fact, it is impossible to precisely measure the length of any coastline. A coastline features an endless array of bays and promontories at all scales, from hundreds of miles to fractions of an inch. Thus, the length of a coastline depends on the unit of measurement being used. The smaller the unit of measurement, the more of these bays and promontories are detected, and thus, the longer the coastline becomes. Follow this logic down to the atomic level, and the length of a coastline – any coastline – approaches infinity. This phenomenon is known as the “coastline paradox,” and it is more than just a mathematical curiosity. Because coastlines play such a prominent role in legal frameworks, the coastline paradox presents troubling legal implications at all scales. From international maritime jurisdictions to local real estate markets, the complexities created by this phenomenon are disconcertingly understudied. In fact, the coastline paradox has never been considered as a significant source of legal problems. This article is the first to address the legal implications of the coastline paradox. It begins with an explanation of the coastline paradox and other, similar characteristics of coastlines that defy accurate measurement. Then the legal implications for international, federal, and local legal frameworks are introduced and examined. It is apparent that awareness of the coastline paradox is low, and challenges are scarcely being addressed. While a mathematical solution to the coastline paradox may be impossible, the article concludes with a set of recommendations for coastal stakeholders.
Characterizing cement mixtures for concrete 3D printing

Abstract The need to automate the construction process for civil infrastructures has been ceaselessly propelled by the reported number of detrimental site accidents, enormous time, and material wastages in current labor-intensive approaches. Additive 3D printing could revolutionize the construction-site. Notable advantages of concrete 3D printing include wider build customizability, safer work ambiance, reduced construction time and cost. The major challenge in concrete printing is to identify and maintain the mixture characteristics suitable for printing and stacking up in layers. In this study, ready-to-print fresh cementitious mixtures with silica fume and superplasticizer were characterized for printability based on their rheological properties.
New results linking inequality and justice

Recent work revives the classic idea that the sense of justice is the first line of defense against inequality and shows that the link depends, in part, on ideas of the just reward. This paper exte...
The Heuristic Value of Cognitive Terminology

If judiciously applied, cognitive terminology can encourage further examination of phenomena in useful ways that may not otherwise be studied. I give examples of 3 phenomena, the study of which have benefitted from a cognitive perspective. For the first, transitive inference behavior, it appears that noncognitive accounts cannot satisfactorily account for the effects that have been found. For the second, functional equivalence, positing the development of common representations has identified the possible nature of those representations. For the third, cognitive dissonance (or justification of effort), producing it in the laboratory with nonhuman animals suggests that a simpler mechanism, such as positive contrast, may be involved. If one approaches cognitive terminology with an open mind and conducts well-designed experiments that juxtapose cognitive accounts against simpler accounts, cognitive terminology can be the impetus for experiments that explore phenomena in novel, exciting, and useful ways and that ultimately have considerable heuristic value.
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Utility of Integrating Pharmacogenetic Testing into a Child Psychiatry Clinic.

Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing is a tool to identify patients at a higher risk of adverse events or treatment failure. The concern for unwanted side effects can limit medication adherence, particularly in children and adolescents. We conducted a pragmatic study to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility and gather pilot data on the utility of PGx testing in a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Both physicians and families participated in the study and answered pre-survey and post-survey questionnaires to examine their attitudes toward PGx testing. Patients were randomized into implementation (N = 25) and control groups (N = 24) and underwent PGx testing at the beginning or end of the study, respectively. Clinical consult notes with genotype-guided recommendations were provided to physicians for their consideration in clinical decisions. Patient-reported symptom severity and antidepressant-related side effects were assessed at baseline and for 12 weeks. Both participating physicians and families agreed that PGx testing is a useful tool to improve medication selection. The time from sample collection to having PGx test results was ~ 10 days and 15 days to having consult notes available, which may have impaired test utility in clinical decision making. There were no differences in any clinical end point between the implementation and control arms; however, there were higher antidepressant side effect scores for CYP2D6 poor and intermediate metabolizers after the eighth week of treatment. Our findings revealed benefits and pitfalls with the use of PGx testing in the real-world clinical setting, which may inform the methodology of a larger trial focused on outcomes.
Keloid Scars: An Updated Review of Combination Therapies

Keloid scars are a common yet poorly understood complication of wound healing that can cause a diminished quality of life. Currently, there is little agreement amongst the medical community regarding the best treatment modality for keloids. For this reason, we have created an updated review of the most successful combination therapies for keloid scars and compared their efficacy based on rates of recurrence following treatment. Additionally, these combination therapies have been compared with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide corticosteroid (TAC), which is considered the mainstay monotherapy for keloids. All combination therapies included in our review were shown to produce superior outcomes than TAC monotherapy. We have also found that certain combination therapies are known to produce superior results when used in specific anatomic locations. Intralesional TAC plus intralesional cryotherapy appeared to have the most promising results for non-auricular keloids, and the authors suggest considering this as a first-line treatment. Additionally, the use of surgical excision plus compression therapy achieved superior results for auricular keloids and should be considered first-line for keloids in these locations.