cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas Are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in Malawi

This paper explores the conditions under which cultural cleavages become politically salient. It does so by taking advantage of the natural experiment afforded by the division of the Chewa and Tumbuka peoples by the border between Zambia and Malawi. I document that, while the objective cultural differences between Chewas and Tumbukas on both sides of the border are identical, the political salience of the division between these communities is altogether different. I argue that this difference stems from the different sizes of the Chewa and Tumbuka communities in each country relative to each country's national political arena. In Malawi, Chewas and Tumbukas are each large groups vis-a-vis the country as a whole and, thus, serve as viable bases for political coalition-building. In Zambia, Chewas and Tumbukas are small relative to the country as a whole and, thus, not useful to mobilize as bases of political support. The analysis suggests that the political salience of a cultural cleavage depends not on the nature of the cleavage itself (since it is identical in both countries) but on the sizes of the groups it defines and whether or not they will be useful vehicles for political competition.
Triclinic nematic colloidal crystals from competing elastic and electrostatic interactions

The self-assembly of nanoparticles can enable the generation of composites with predesigned properties, but reproducing the structural diversity of atomic and molecular crystals remains a challenge. We combined anisotropic elastic and weakly screened electrostatic interactions to guide both orientational and triclinic positional self-ordering of inorganic nanocrystals in a nematic fluid host. The lattice periodicity of these low-symmetry colloidal crystals is more than an order of magnitude larger than the nanoparticle size. The orientations of the nanocrystals, as well as the crystallographic axes of the ensuing triclinic colloidal crystals, are coupled to the uniform alignment direction of the nematic host, which can be readily controlled on large scales. We examine colloidal pair and many-body interactions and show how triclinic crystals with orientational ordering of the semiconductor nanorods emerge from competing long-range elastic and electrostatic forces.
Formaldehyde Disinfection with Special Reference to the Comparative Value of Some of the Proprietary Products

At a recent meeting of the American Public Health iVssociation, B. R. Rickards1 reported the result of an investigation of the methods of disinfection employed in the larger cities of the United States. He had sent a circular letter to every city of over 100,000 and received replies from 29 cities. The methods employed in these cities were as follows: Formaldehyde generators 9 Generators alone 5 Combined with other methods 4 Permanganate-formalin method 12 Permanganate method alone 9 Combined with other methods 3 Solidified formaldehyde 9 (proprietary articles sold under various names) Solidified formaldehyde alone 4 Combined with other methods 5 Formalin sheet spraying method 4 Sheet spraying alone 2 Combined with other methods 2
Vorticity dynamics in interactions of shock or expansion waves with turbulence and vortices

The interaction of planar shock waves or expansion waves with homogeneous and isotropic turbulence and induced longitudinal and spanwise vortices generated by a wing have been investigated experimentally in the CCNY Shock Tube Research Facility at several Reynolds numbers. A custom made hot-wire vorticity probe was designed and developed capable of measuring the time-dependent highly fluctuating three dimensional velocity and vorticity vectors, and associated total temperature, in nonisothermal and inhomogeneous flows with reasonable spatial and temporal resolution. These measurements allowed the computations of the vorticity stretching/tilting terms, vorticity generation through dilatation terms, full dissipation rate of kinetic energy term and full rate-of-strain tensor. These results indicate that the outcome of the interaction depends strongly on the upstream turbulence of the flow.
Nursing for 8 Infants with Complete Transposition of Great Arteries Undergoing Switch Operation and Delayed Sternal Closure

The paper centers on nursing for 8 infants with complete transposition of great arteries undergoing Switch operation and delayed sternal closure.Following nursing methods were critical for these infants.Analgesia and microscale morphia were adopted after operation.To avoid the influence of aspiration of sputum,morphia and midazolam through intravenous injection were conducted with tender caring.Monitoring of cardiorespiratory function and ECG were strengthened so as to deal with potential myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia.Besides,electrolyte balance particularly serum potassium were observed intensively as well.Tight control of in-and-out fluid 48 hours after operation was for the negative balance to reduce edema.Continuous mechanical ventilation was provided and no physical therapy was allowed before sternal closure.Continuous monitoring on arterial blood pressure after operation was conducted for dose adjustment of vasoactive drugs so as to avoid excessive high systolic pressure and to avoid bleeding in stomal.6 patients recovered while 2 died.
Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cycling human endometrium.

Objective To determine the spatial distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in human endometrium and to assess temporal fluctuations in vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression and variant isoform production by stromal and epithelial cells during the menstrual cycle. Design Prospective study design. Patients Early proliferative endometrial biopsies were obtained from women undergoing gynecologic surgery for benign conditions; secretory stage biopsies were obtained from patients undergoing routine infertility investigations without evidence of luteal insufficiency. Main Outcome Measure Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in endometrial biopsies, analyses of vascular endothelial growth factor RNA expression, and isoform production in intact endometrium and isolated endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. Results Strong vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was detected in the glandular epithelial cells of the secretory endometrium with no discernible immunoreactivity in stroma cells. The proliferative endometrium demonstrated prominent glandular immunoreactivity and faint, inconsistent stromal cell immunoreactivity. Preincubation of the antibody with excess cognate peptide abolished all immunoreactivity. A threefold to sixfold increase in vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression occurs in secretory versus proliferative endometrial samples. Endometrial stromal and epithelial cell isolates from both phases of the menstrual cycle express VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189 isoforms, however, vascular endothelial growth factor variant 206 was not detected. Conclusions Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor may promote the vascular growth, maintenance, and hyperpermeability required for adequate receptivity in the cycling human endometrium.
Intolerance of Small Amounts of Lactose by Individuals with Low Lactase Levels

Persons with low lactase levels who are aware of milk intolerance report variations in their tolerance of milk ranging from one-half glass to 1 quart. Although low intestinal lactase activity and lactose intolerance as determined by lactose tolerance tests are present in the majority of the world's population, the relevance of tolerance tests using 50 g or 100 g to clinically significant amounts of milk has been questioned. Twenty subjects with assay-confirmed low lactase levels were fed 3 to 96 g of lactose to determine a threshold level for symptoms. Seventy-five per cent of these subjects had symptoms of flatulence, distention, cramps, loose bowel movements, or diarrhea with 12 g of lactose (equivalent to 8 ounces of milk) or less. Two individuals were symptomatic with as little as 3 g of lactose. All 20 subjects were asymptomatic with equivalent amounts of sucrose or a glucose-galactose mixture. Neither the type of symptoms, the specific intestinal lactase levels, nor the presence of the irritable colon syndrome correlated with the threshold level for symptoms. To determine the intraluminal events that occur with small amounts of lactose, 7 low lactase level subjects and 3 control subjects underwent intestinal intubation with aspiration ports in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. They were fed 24, 12, 6, or 3 g of lactose with polyethylene glycol, a nonabsorbable marker, in a solution similar to the electrolyte composition of milk. Subjects with low lactase levels had persistently low polyethylene glycol concentrations in the jejunum and ileum, representing fluid accumulation, as compared with control subjects, in whom high concentrations of polyethylene glycol in the jejunum and ileum represented net absorption. Differences from control subjects were statistically significant in the jejunum and ileum (P
Effects of simulated extracorporeal circulation on human leukocyte elastase release, superoxide generation, and procoagulant activity.

Activated leukocytes are thought to contribute to respiratory dysfunction, alterations in microvascular permeability, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombosis, all of which can complicate extracorporeal circulation. The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of extracorporeal circulation on leukocyte functions likely to mediate organ damage. White blood cell counts in the bubble circuits (n = 5) fell to 51% ± 7% (mean ± standard error of the mean; p l -methionyl- l -leucyl- l -phenylalanine, a chemotactic peptide, cells from spiral coil and bubble circuits released and generated significantly less elastase and superoxide anion, respectively. In contrast, neutrophils from the hollow-fiber circuits demonstrated enhancement of N-fonnyl- l -methionyl- l -leucyl- l -phenylalanine–induced elastase release and superoxide generation. Finally, mixed leukocytes from all circuits expressed procoagulant activity reaching statistical significance in bubble circuits. In conclusion, extracorporeal circulation has pronounced effects on neutrophil elastase release, superoxide anion generation, and leukocyte procoagulant activity. Spiral coil and bubble oxygenators cause granule release and, subsequently, reduced sensitivity to soluble agonists. In contrast, hollow-fiber oxygenators “prime” cells, actually enhancing reactivity. Recirculation through all circuits induces leukocyte procoagulant activity that is likely to contribute to surface-induced thromboses and excessive bleeding.
Construction of dengue virus protease expression plasmid and in vitro protease assay for screening antiviral inhibitors

Dengue virus serotypes 1-4 (DENV1-4) are mosquito-borne human pathogens of global significance causing ~390 million cases annually worldwide. The virus infections cause in general a self-limiting disease, known as dengue fever, but occasionally also more severe forms, especially during secondary infections, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome causing ~25,000 deaths annually. The DENV genome contains a single-strand positive sense RNA, approximately 11 kb in length. The 5'-end has a type I cap structure. The 3'-end has no poly(A) tail. The viral RNA has a single long open reading frame that is translated by the host translational machinery to yield a polyprotein precursor. Processing of the polyprotein precursor occurs co-translationally by cellular proteases and posttranslationally by the viral serine protease in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to yield three structural proteins (capsid (C), precursor membrane (prM), and envelope (E) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). The active viral protease consists of both NS2B, an integral membrane protein in the ER, and the N-terminal part of NS3 (180 amino acid residues) that contains the trypsin-like serine protease domain having a catalytic triad of H51, D75, and S135. The C-terminal part of NS3, ~170-618 amino acid residues, encodes an NTPase/RNA helicase and 5'-RNA triphosphatase activities; the latter enzyme is required for the first step in 5'-capping. The cleavage sites of the polyprotein by the viral protease consist of two basic amino acid residues such as KR, RR, or QR, followed by short chain amino acid residues, G, S, or T. Since the cleavage of the polyprotein by the viral protease is absolutely required for assembly of the viral replicase, blockage of NS2B/NS3pro activity provides an effective means for designing dengue virus (DENV) small-molecule therapeutics. Here we describe the screening of small-molecule inhibitors against DENV2 protease.
Can obesity prevention work for our children

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is higher than 20 years ago in all racial-ethnic, age, and gender groups. Research has lead to the discovery of many risk factors for obesity, which may help practitioners target at-risk individuals. Insight concerning obesity prevention can come from examining other public health programs, which center on prevention; such as smoking, seat belt use, and sexually transmitted disease. Another guide when establishing obesity prevention is evaluation of currently successful programs. Prevention and treatment interventions for childhood obesity should promote the replacement of unhealthy eating and exercise practices with healthier behaviors. The goal of prevention should always be maintenance of normal growth patterns, rather than weight loss. In predisposed children, sedentary, non-nutritious environments challenge metabolic capacity and promote overweight conditions, further inactivity and increased sedentary behaviors. This results in clinically significant obesity, reduced insulin sensitivity and ultimately type 2 diabetes later in life. Prevention of future chronic disease in children and adults may depend on our ability to prevent the onset of obesity in young children. This should be a primary goal of pediatricians, family health care professionals, and public health professionals.
What’s in Your Pillbox? Appropriate Supplements for Healthy Adults Across the Life Cycle

In the USA, marketing and sales of vitamin and mineral supplements are at an all-time high. It is estimated that approximately half of Americans use at least one supplement each day; often these are taken several times daily. Many suggest claims of chronic disease prevention without merit or scientific evidence. Wide availability and perceived safety of these agents have led to consumers regularly using these products without the supervision or knowledge of a physician. Certain supplements do have benefit when taken at appropriate doses and in the appropriate patient population at risk for development or progression of chronic disease. However, supporting evidence is lacking overall to provide strong recommendations for the use of vitamin and mineral supplementation in addition to a well-balanced diet in the healthy adult.
Investigation of conformational properties of calcium-binding peptides in the cell adhesion molecules

Cadherins are calcium-dependent surface molecules that are fundamental to controlling the development and maintenance of tissues. It has been reported that single amino acid substitutions in the putative Ca(II) binding "motif B" of the N-terminal domain (D135A and D135K) abolish the adhesion function of cadherin. In order to establish the relative importance of the calcium ligand in determining the coordination geometry and affinity of metal binding and unravel calcium function of cadherin in cell adhesion, we have synthesized two peptide analogs with altered calcium binding ligands encompassing motif B (residues from 129 to 145)[1]. Peptide 129-145 corresponds to the native calcium binding sequence. A potentially stronger calcium binding motif is constructed using Asp to replace Ala at position 133 (peptide 129-145/A133D). The modified peptide contains ligands that are the same as those of the calcium binding loop of lactalbumin. Here we focus on the conformational and ion binding properties of these peptides using CD, fluorescence and high resolution NMR.
Heart rate variability and generalized anxiety disorder during laboratory-induced worry and aversive imagery.

Abstract Background To date only a few published studies have examined the effect of disorder-relevant stressors on heart rate variability (HRV) in participants meeting a clinical diagnosis of GAD, with conflicting results. The primary aim of this study was to determine if GAD is associated with lower HRV at rest, and whether vagal regulation during task varies by type (i.e., baseline, anticipation, imagery, or worry). Methods This study investigated resting cardiac vagal tone and vagal regulation in a sample of 40 participants with or without a validated diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was used to index cardiac vagal activity. Results GAD was associated with vagal withdrawal during both imagery and worry inductions, but no group differences in resting vagal tone or worry were observed. Limitations Methodological limitations include inherent limits to generalizability of laboratory-based findings; specifically worry induction and cardiac reactivity to lab-based stressors. Conclusions The results support the notion that GAD is associated with vagal withdrawal during active bouts of idiographic worry and imagery, and question the assumption that GAD is associated with low resting vagal tone. In light of polyvagal theory these findings provide additional support for the presence of emotion regulation deficits in GAD, and identify specific ANS processes that underlie GAD.
A Uniform Diffraction Tomographic Imaging Algorithm for Near-Field Microwave Scanning Through Stratified Media

A 2-D near-field uniform diffraction tomographic (UDT) imaging algorithm is formulated to generate images of targets embedded in a layered structure. The conventional diffraction tomography (DT) improperly applies the stationary phase method for stratified environments to reduce the innermost spectral integral. In DT, the large argument is assumed to be the depth, which is not appropriate for near-field imaging. This results in amplitude discontinuities occurring at the interfaces between adjacent layers. The correct large argument is the free space wavenumber as used in high-frequency asymptotic solutions. The UDT therefore yields uniformly continuous images across the interfaces. And like the DT, the UDT retains the fast Fourier transform relation in the algorithm for generating images very efficiently. Numerical and experimental image comparisons between DT and UDT for objects buried in stratified environments are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed UDT method.
Type-I and type-II Weyl fermions, topological depletion, and universal subleading scaling across topological phase transitions

It is well established that physical quantities satisfy scaling functions across a quantum phase transition with an order parameter. It remains an open problem if there are scaling functions across a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) with extended Fermi surfaces (FSs). Here, we study a simple system of fermions hopping in a cubic lattice subject to Weyl-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC). As one tunes the SOC parameter at half filling, the system displays both type-I and type-II Weyl fermions and also various TQPTs driven by the collision of particle-particle or hole-hole Weyl FSs. At zero temperature, the TQPT is found to be third order, and its critical exponents are determined. Then we investigate if the physical quantities such as specific heat, compressibility, and magnetic susceptibilities satisfy any sort of scaling across the TQPT. In contrast to all the previous cases in quantum or topological transitions, we find that although the leading terms are nonuniversal and cutoff dependent, the subleading terms are nonanalytic and satisfy universal scaling relations. The subleading scaling leads to topological depletions which show non-Fermi-liquid corrections and $\sqrt{T}$ quantum cusps. One can also form a topological Wilson ratio from the subleading scalings of two conserved quantities such as the specific heat and the compressibility. One may also interpret the type-I and type-II Weyl fermions as a TQPT driven by the collision of particle-hole Weyl FSs. Experimental realizations and detections in cold-atom systems and materials with SOC are discussed.
Generating Stories From Archived Collections

With the extensive growth of the Web, multiple Web archiving initiatives have been started to archive different aspects of the Web. Services such as Archive-It exist to allow institutions to develop, curate, and preserve collections of Web resources. Understanding the contents and boundaries of these archived collections is a challenge, resulting in the paradox of the larger the collection, the harder it is to understand. Meanwhile, as the sheer volume of data grows on the Web, "storytelling" is becoming a popular technique in social media for selecting Web resources to support a particular narrative or "story".We address the problem of understanding archived collections by proposing the Dark and Stormy Archive (DSA) framework, in which we integrate "storytelling" social media and Web archives. In the DSA framework, we identify, evaluate, and select candidate Web pages from archived collections that summarize the holdings of these collections, arrange them in chronological order, and then visualize these pages using tools that users already are familiar with, such as Storify. Inspired by the Turing Test, we evaluate the stories automatically generated by the DSA framework against a ground truth dataset of hand-crafted stories, generated by expert archivists from Archive-It collections. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we found that the stories automatically generated by DSA are indistinguishable from those created by human subject domain experts, while at the same time both kinds of stories (automatic and human) are easily distinguished from randomly generated stories.
Organometallic mechanisms: Measuring up with the early metals.

Mathematically modelling metal–ligand bonding in late transition-metal complexes has been an important tool in catalyst development — although lacking for early transition metals such as Cr and Ti. Now, a simple method for measuring ligand donor properties promises to elevate high-valent early transition metal catalysis to the same level.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Porous Molecular Assemblies

Solvent-free synthesis methods have been widely utilized in molecular chemistry and have shown promise for the synthesis of porous three-dimensional structures. Herein, we report the rapid mechanochemical synthesis of low-dimensional materials including functionalized 2-D frameworks and a novel highly-stable porous molecular coordination assembly. Solvent-free ball milling of copper salts and functionalized isophthalic acid ligands affords phase-pure material in as little as 18 minutes with reaction progress monitored by powder X-ray diffraction. Here discrimination between extended network solids and discrete porous cages is achievable via bulky ligand functionalization. Although the materials display moderate surface areas after rapid activation conditions, porosities were optimized by exchange with volatile solvents affording BET (Langmuir) surface areas of 55-522 (160-874) m2/g.
Relativistic Quantum Theory with a Physical State Vector and Hypothetical Laws of Reduction

Evolution of a Physical State Vector (PSV) is described as governed by two distinct physical laws: Continuous, unitary time evolution and a relativistically covariant reduction process. Non-local measurements, proposed by Aharanov and Albert, are excluded when the reduction is attributed to measurement devices which are included in the PSV. The existence of a PSV allows to formulate phenomenological laws of reduction. A proposal ismade for which the collapse time is found tobe τ c=bh/ΔE, where ΔE is a difference in energy distribution between alternative world branches. Experiments yield the bounds 1.35·1011<b<4.5·1018.
Consumer health libraries: what do patrons really want?

L'enquete realisee a la Consumer Health Library du Methodist Hospital of Dallas (Texas) a permis d'evaluer les besoins informationnels reels des usagers de la bibliotheque. Les usagers ont besoin non seulement d'une information de sante gratuite et personnalisee, mais egalement d'ecoute et de compassion.
High Power Neutral Beam Systems

Spurred by the requirement to supply megawatts of power to heat magnetically confined plasmas to temperatures of interest for fusion research, a new class of low energy, high power accelerators termed neutral beam injectors has been developed. Industry has played an important role in building upon technology advances at the national laboratories to engineer neutral beam injectors to meet the needs of specific users. A brief retrospective of the field is presented, with emphasis upon one particular application, that of DIII-D, a large tokamak at General Atomics. In this instance, the role of industry has been especially extensive because the user/system integrator is itself an industrial concern.
Geometric and Dynamical Aspects of Real Submanifolds of Complex Space

This work is founded on an analogy between complex analysis and classical mechanics, which at first glance may not seem too meaningful. Our purpose is to show, however, that not only is it useful as a formal guide, but that the interplay is substantial at the level of mathematical proof.
Association Between Lymph Node Ratio and Recurrence and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer.

Importance Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is associated with often-delayed clinical diagnosis, poor prognosis, and expensive therapeutic approaches. Prognostic accuracy is important in improving treatment outcomes of patients with this disease. Objectives To assess lymph node ratio (LNR) and other factors in estimating response to treatment and provide prognostic information helpful for clinical decision making. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015, at an academic hospital in Denver, Colorado. Participants included 149 patients with primary OCSCC who received curative-intent surgery and/or postoperative adjuvant therapies. Analysis was performed from December 8, 2017, to August 15, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional disease-free survival (LRDFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMDFS) adjusted for known prognostic risk factors, as well as correlation of LNR with other histopathologic prognostic factors. Results Of the 149 patients included in analysis, 105 were men (70.5%); the median age at diagnosis was 59 years (range, 28-88 years). Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the 5-year survival estimates for OS rate was 40.4% (95% CI, 31.3%-49.3%); DFS, 48.6% (95% CI, 38.6%-58.0%); LRDFS, 57.7% (95% CI, 46.6%-67.2%); and DMDFS, 74.7% (95% CI, 65.1%-82.0%). The median follow-up was 20 months for all patients and 34.5 months (range, 0-137 months) for surviving patients. Nonwhite race (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.22-3.81), T3-T4 category (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.18-3.35), and LNR greater than 10% (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.39-5.27) were associated with poorer OS. Nonwhite patients also had higher risk of locoregional failures (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.28-4.79), whereas women were more likely to have distant metastasis (HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.14-5.71). Floor-of-mouth subsite had fewer locoregional recurrences than did other subsites (HR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.21-0.99). An LNR greater than 10% independently was associated with worse OS (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.39-5.27), DFS (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.18-5.22), and DMDFS (HR, 6.05; 95% CI, 1.54-23.71). The LNR was associated with N-stage (Cramer V, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58-0.78), extracapsular extension (Cramer V, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44-0.66), lymphovascular invasion (Cramer V, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27-0.61); number of excised lymph nodes (Cramer V, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06-0.37), margin (Cramer V, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05-0.38), and tumor thickness combined with depth of invasion (Cramer V, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.05-0.38). Conclusions and Relevance Locoregional treatment failure remained the predominant pattern of failure. An advanced pathologic stage and nonwhite race were found to be associated with worse outcomes. The findings from this study suggest that LNR is the most robust prognostic factor and appears to have implications for risk stratification in this disease.
Detection and Quantification of Multi-Analyte Mixtures Using a Single Sensor and Multi-Stage Data-Weighted RLSE

This work reports the development and experimental verification of a sensor signal processing technique for online identification and quantification of aqueous mixtures of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX) and 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) at ppb concentrations using time-dependent frequency responses from a single polymer-coated shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave sensor. Signal processing based on multi-stage exponentially weighted recursive leastsquares estimation (EW-RLSE) is utilized for estimating the concentrations of the analytes in the mixture that are most likely to have produced a given sensor response. The initial stages of EW-RLSE are used to eliminate analyte(s) that are erroneously identified as present in the mixture; the final stage of EW-RLSE with the corresponding sensor response model representing the analyte(s) present in the mixture is used to obtain a more accurate quantification result of the analyte(s). The success of this method in identifying and quantifying analytes in real-time with high accuracy using the response of just a single sensor device demonstrates an effective, simpler, lower-cost alternative to a sensor array that includes the advantage of not requiring a complex training protocol.
Development of a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of three US genotypes of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. PHEV mainly causes two types of clinical manifestations representing vomiting and wasting and encephalomyelitis in piglets. However, our recent findings provide strong evidence that PHEV can also cause respiratory disease in older pigs. Genomic analysis of new PHEV strains identified in our former study further classifies PHEV into three genotypes. Detection and differentiation of these new mutants are critical in monitoring PHEV evolution in the field. In the present study, we report the development of a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of three PHEV genotypes, 1, 2, and 3. Three sets of primers and probes were designed; one set of primers and probe targeting the conserved regions of the 3' end nucleocapsid for detection of all three genotypes and another two sets of primers and probes targeting the regions of NS2 with different patterns of deletions for detection of both genotypes 1 and 3, or genotype 3 only. Genotype 1 was positive when two probe dyes showed signals, genotype 2 was positive when only one probe dye showed a signal, and genotype 3 was positive when all three probes showed signals. The detection limit of the developed triplex real-time RT-PCR was as low as 8 or 9 DNA copies for three sets of primers and probes. The specificity test showed no cross reaction with other porcine viruses. Positive field-samples were correctly typed by this new assay, which was further confirmed by DNA sequencing. The triplex real-time RT-PCR provides a rapid and sensitive method to detect and differentiate all three US genotypes of PHEV from clinical samples.
The electrocardiographic changes associated with hypothermia: the Osborn wave.

A 93-year-old patient came to our observation for general malaise, sensory obnubilation, aphasia and dysphagia. He had arterial hypertension in drug treatment. At the first medical contact, the bod...
Democratic backsliding in sub-Saharan Africa and the role of China’s development assistance

The article observes 19 hybrid regimes in sub-Saharan from 2005 to 2014 and examines the influence of each country's level of economic development, short-term macroeconomic performance, and ratio o...
Promoting Environmental Behaviors: Applying the Health Belief Model to Diet Change

Very few Americans follow a plant-based diet (PBD), despite its environmental and personal benefits. To better understand motivations and intentions to adopt a PBD, this online survey study sampled...
Impact of a Unit-Based Clinical Pharmacist on Communication of Medication Information in an Orthopedic Hospital

Medication management, a complex yet essential part of patient care, requires that clinicians and patients understand indication, dosage, frequency, and adverse effects in order to maximize benefits and minimize errors, as well as to transition patients from hospital to home. Clinical pharmacists improve care transitions and safety by interacting with patients, prescribers, and nurses on medication management and self-care. However, little is known on the use of clinical pharmacists on interdisciplinary teams at the unit level within orthopedics. This study sought to measure the impact of unit-based clinical pharmacists on patient perceptions of communication specific to medication during hospitalization at an orthopedic specialty hospital and on the frequency of medication errors. A retrospective, quasi-experimental, two-group evaluative design with nonequivalent controls was used. Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) data on six inpatient units was analyzed 6 months before and 6 months after assignment of clinical pharmacists to half these units. Data specific to questions that measure quality of communication as well as medication understanding were analyzed. Additionally, data on medication error frequency were collected and compared between units with and without clinical pharmacists. A total of 2022 surveys were analyzed. The percentage of patients who reported receipt of medication information and medication understanding increased significantly after the implementation of unit-based clinical pharmacists. Comparison of intervention and non-intervention groups showed no statistically significant difference in the frequency of medication errors. Results suggest that a clinical pharmacist assigned to an inpatient unit in orthopedics significantly influences patient perceptions of communication about and understanding of their medications.
SYMPTOM PROFILES AND BALANCE CONTROL AFTER CONCUSSION AMONG FEMALE YOUTH ARTISTIC ATHLETES

Background:Collision and contact sports are often the focus of concussion research; however, concussions also occur in artistic sports, including gymnastics and cheerleading. Few studies have exami...
Machine Learning in Crowd Flow Exit Data (Survey)

In this paper we focus on a machine learning framework used in the exit analysis of crowd flow developed in Grim et al. (Analysis of Simulated Crowd Flow Exit Data: Visualization, Panic Detection and Exit Time Convergence, Attribution and Estimation. In: Gasparovic E, Domeniconi (Editors), Research in Data Science, Associations for Women in Mathematics Series, Springer, 2019, pp. 239–281). We describe a methodology for feature generation called the “sliding window technique.” In particular, we compare two unsupervised dimensionality reduction techniques such as auto-encoders and principal component analysis (PCA) and combined with a multi-output feed forward neural networks for estimating the exit times of 100 agents in a given room configuration.
Grenville Foreland Deformation and Sedimentation in Southwest Ohio Indicated by Reprocessed Seismic Reflection Profiles near Middletown, Ohio, USA

The late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic Middle Run Formation contains vital information about the crustal evolution of the North American Craton. Four reprocessed seismic reflection lines in the vicinity of the AK Steel facility in Middletown, Ohio, provide new insights into the structural and depositional setting of the Middle Run Formation in this region. A residual statics solution improved the resolution and coherency of reflections in these profiles that underlie the Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone. Reprocessing revealed gently inclined, west-southwest-dipping reflectors and the occurrence of an angular unconformity between the Middle Run Formation and the overlying Paleozoic strata. The weak and discontinuous seismic reflection character of the Middle Run Formation in these seismic lines overlies a sequence of stronger parallel reflections that are like those observed on the eastward ODNR-1-88 seismic line located near core hole DGS 2627, the stratotype of the Middle Run Formation. This inferred thickness indicates that the basin in which the Middle Run Formation was deposited ranges from at least 670 to 1,128 m (2,200 to 3,700 ft) deep at the AK Steel area and dips gently west-southwest, which is in contrast with the moderate easterly dip observed on the ODNR-1-88 seismic line to the northeast. Correlation of these features across the 10 km (approximately 6 mi) cross-strike gap between the AK Steel lines and the ODNR-1-88 seismic line suggests the presence of a reverse fault with approximately 792 m (2,600 ft) of estimated vertical displacement. A regional cross section—including the WSU 1990 seismic line eastward of the ODNR-1-88 line—exhibits a faulted west-verging asymmetric syncline in near proximity to the Grenville Front. This cross section also shows that deformation of the Middle Run Formation and the underlying layered sequence exhibits a consistent tectonic style of reverse faulting and folding that developed in response to Grenville Front tectonism.
Ayer’s Book of Errors and the Crises of Contemporary Western Culture

This essay takes the position, consistent with Ayer’s own retrospective judgments, that the philosophical significance of Language, Truth and Logic (LTL) was minimal at best, and that its real significance was socio-historical. LTL stands as one of the most influential expressions of an overzealous and simplistic scientism that swept through Western culture in the first half of the twentieth century. This scientism played a crucial role in problematizing the West’s relationship to truth in ways that contributed to the eventual emergence of “post-truth” culture, with its “post-truth politics.” This in turn made possible the disastrous results of recent votes and elections in Britain and, above all, in the United States. In short, LTL’s real significance resides in the role it played as a sophisticated and successful bit of propaganda for an ideology that played a crucial role in loosing Western culture from its moral and epistemic moorings.
Genomic resources for an ecologically important rodent, Gunnison’s prairie dogs ( Cynomys gunnisoni )

Genomic resources are under-developed for rodents, including well-studied species such as prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.). We conducted whole-genome resequencing on 10 Gunnison’s prairie dogs (C. gunnisoni, GUPD) and identified 12,842,055 high-quality SNPs, from which four sets of bait sequences were created. We designed two sets each (containing either 20k or 60k baits) for projects using contemporary (120 bp baits) or historical (100 bp baits) DNA. These bait sets can be used to study a variety of ecological and evolutionary questions in prairie dogs and other ground squirrel taxa.
Behind the COVID Curtain: Analyzing Russia’s COVID-19 Response on Twitter Using Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning

This paper analyzes the Twitter activities of five Russian political institutions, in their source languages, to assess the country’s communication response to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs several Natural Language Processing techniques in English and Russian, including a deep learning model to determine tweet sentiment and a lexicon-based method to classify tweets as health related. I argue that there was a coordinated response across the different institutions. I find that most accounts in this study tweeted less during the pandemic. Further, I argue that the proportion of health-related tweets over time was guided more by political motives than health concerns. Finally, I observe a significant difference in sentiment across English and Russian tweets, with the English being more positive and the Russian being more neutral.
Narrative, Video Games, and Performance In Situ

All video games, by design, are oriented in the narrative. Some games exemplify a colloquial notion of narrative (e.g., MYST), while others seem less story-like (e.g., Tetris). From a literacy perspective, narrative extends beyond the story. Literacy, similarly, is more than discrete acts of listening, speaking, reading, or writing that is typically associated with narrative storytelling. Literacy, in its most inclusive and broad sense, involves the encapsulating, intertextual interactions between and among all modes of communication and their respective contexts. Literacy includes metacognitive skills, critical thinking skills, and social skills. More importantly, sociocultural influences and contexts undergird both games and literacy. Epistemologically, games are literacy events and researchers stand to benefit from understanding the ways the two domains are isomorphically related. This chapter is dedicated to establishing the relationship between the field of literacy and game-based learning. This relationship is demonstrated through a literacy definition of text, context, skills, and application (of literacy) as each applies to the games Super Mario Bros., The Deed, and World of Warcraft. From the perspective that learning is a process and that games serve as sites of application for literacy, several implications for research and practice are provided.
Temperature Impact of the Industrial Cooling Water Discharges in a Long Boat Slip of Hamilton Harbour

The thermal structure of industrial cooling water discharged into a long, narrow and shallow, straight open boat slip (Ottawa Street Slip, [OSS]) was investigated by fi eld measurements during the hottest summer month in 2006. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and thermal transport models were established and verifi ed with measurements. The main purposes of this study were to understand the mechanism of the thermal structure in the OSS during the hot summer season under the present cooling water discharge conditions, to investigate the infl uence of harbour water on the thermal structure in the slip, and to establish a means for scientifi c predictions of the impact of cooling water discharges in a future study. Toward this end, the water temperature at multiple locations along the OSS and meteorological data near the study site were collected during the summer period of 2006. The collected data reveal: (1) during the measured summer period, the water temperature in the slip can be higher than 30°C during a period of high air temperatures; (2) water temperature variations within short periods of 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes were no more than 4°C during the entire measurement period; (3) water temperature in the slip is controlled by both air and cooling discharge temperatures, and the cooling water temperature’s increase due to industrial cooling processing seems to be relatively independent of the intake water temperature; therefore, the water temperature in the slip varied mainly with the air temperature; (4) since water temperature in the slip seemed to closely follow the intake water temperature, the intake channel may need to be optimized to maximize the possibility of getting the coolest water available from Hamilton Harbour; and (5) the cooler harbour water could not penetrate deeply into the slip. The collected water temperature data were also used for verifi cation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport models. The simulation results showed that the established model could reasonably well reproduce general thermal structures in the entire slip. This achieved the ultimate goal of the study for establishing a model to assess the impacts of further increase of cooling water discharge into the OSS.
Holographic patterning of high-performance on-chip 3D lithium-ion microbatteries

As sensors, wireless communication devices, personal health monitoring systems, and autonomous microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) become distributed and smaller, there is an increasing demand for miniaturized integrated power sources. Although thin-film batteries are well-suited for on-chip integration, their energy and power per unit area are limited. Three-dimensional electrode designs have potential to offer much greater power and energy per unit area; however, efforts to date to realize 3D microbatteries have led to prototypes with solid electrodes (and therefore low power) or mesostructured electrodes not compatible with manufacturing or on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip compatible method to fabricate high energy density (6.5 μWh cm−2⋅μm−1) 3D mesostructured Li-ion microbatteries based on LiMnO2 cathodes, and NiSn anodes that possess supercapacitor-like power (3,600 μW cm−2⋅μm−1 peak). The mesostructured electrodes are fabricated by combining 3D holographic lithography with conventional photolithography, enabling deterministic control of both the internal electrode mesostructure and the spatial distribution of the electrodes on the substrate. The resultant full cells exhibit impressive performances, for example a conventional light-emitting diode (LED) is driven with a 500-μA peak current (600-C discharge) from a 10-μm-thick microbattery with an area of 4 mm2 for 200 cycles with only 12% capacity fade. A combined experimental and modeling study where the structural parameters of the battery are modulated illustrates the unique design flexibility enabled by 3D holographic lithography and provides guidance for optimization for a given application.
Assessing contributions of nucleus accumbens shell subregions to reward-seeking behavior

Background The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a key role in brain reward processes including drug seeking and reinstatement. Several anatomical, behavioral, and neurochemical studies discriminate between the limbic-associated shell and the motor-associated core regions. Less studied is the fact that the shell can be further subdivided into a dorsomedial shell (NAcDMS) and an intermediate zone (NAcINT) based on differential expression of transient c-Fos and long-acting immediate-early gene ΔFosB upon cocaine sensitization. These disparate expression patterns suggest that NAc shell subregions may play distinct roles in reward-seeking behavior. In this study, we examined potential differences in the contributions of the NAcDMS and the NAcINT to reinstatement of reward-seeking behavior after extinction.
Hot Gaseous Coronae around Early-Type Galaxies

We discuss the nature of the extended x-ray emission around three elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster. Based on energy spectra obtained with the Einstein Observatory, we argue that this emission is hot (~1 keV) gas. Interactions of these coronae with their environment of hot intracluster gas allows their detection at x-ray wavelengths.