cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open-Sourcing of a SoOp Simulator with Bistatic Vegetation Scattering Model

Conventional microwave remote sensing has been performed with mono-static active radars for decades. However, SoOp (Signal of Opportunity) has been gaining a great interest among researchers in recent years because it removes costs for a transmitter antenna by reception of existing direct and/or reflected signals. Although SoOp has produced encouraging results for the remote sensing of ocean surface roughness and wind vectors, the concept is still emerging and requires exhaustive analysis in order to be applied on land observations such as retrieval of biomass, soil moisture, surface topography, and snow depth. Bistatic analytical models and simulators can fulfill the need for analysis. They create environments that enable computation, validation, and examination of methods for future missions, which are difficult to perform in the real world experiments. Being motivated by this phenomenon, we have developed a generalized coherent forward model of bistatic scattering from vegetation cover for SoOp applications with the name SCoBi-Veg (SoOp Coherent Bistatic Scattering Model for Vegetated Terrains), which is currently under review by IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing [1] [2]. We have also developed a simulator that employs SCoBi-Veg model, for the sake of creating a medium for a community of researchers, scientists, and users with little-or-no electromagnetic background to study new methods with varying configurations, to analyze such methods, to determine the optimal cases for specific missions, to generate, visualize, and analyze test data. In fact, SCoBi is a framework that implements only the simulator for vegetated terrains (SCoBi-Veg) for now. The simulator is being open-sourced in the Matlab/Octave development environment. It takes many inputs for vegetation, antennas, ground, and preferences. It generates received field and power, reflectivity, and/or NBRCS (normalized bistatic radar cross-section) for direct, coherent (specular), and incoherent (diffuse) contributions. This paper describes the ongoing open sourcing and the capabilities of the SCoBi simulator.
Electronic Structure of Two-Dimensional π-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks

Increasing attention is being given to the development of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that are based on monolayers of fully π-conjugated structures. At first glance, such two-dimensional (2D) polymer networks could simply be viewed as a mere extension into a second dimension of the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) conjugated polymers at the origin of the field of organic electronics. However, such a view misses essential characteristics coming specifically from 2D lattice symmetry. Our aims in this Perspective are twofold. We seek (i) to provide a conceptual, chemistry-oriented theoretical description of the impact on the electronic structure of this extension from 1D to 2D and (ii) to establish chemical structure–symmetry–electronic property relationships for this class of 2D π-conjugated COFs.
THE USE OF PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES BY PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN THE PEDIATRIC SPORTS POPULATION

Purpose:Patient reported outcome measures (PROs) allow physical therapists (PTs) the ability to objectively understand a patients’ perception of their symptoms, functional status, and health relate...
Treatment of Hallucinations and Delusions in Parkinson Disease

Parkinson disease psychosis (PDP) is a common and significant behavioral problem associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients. It is no longer thought to arise solely as a side effect to dopaminergic medications, but from a complex interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Management of PDP involves a search for medical causes of delirium, a thorough review of medications, and initiation of a psychopharmacologic treatment such as clozapine, quetiapine, or newly approved pimavanserin, if needed.
Methylation of Histone H3K79 by Dot1L Requires Multiple Contacts with the Ubiquitinated Nucleosome

Cryo-EM structures of Dot1L in complex with a ubiquitinated nucleosome provide the long-sought-after molecular mechanism of Dot1L-mediated methylation of lysine 79 in histone H3 and explain crosstalk with histone H2B ubiquitination.
Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients with Heart Failure Across a Wide Range of Ejection Fractions

Impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in heart failure (HF) is influenced by a complex array of cardiac and extracardiac factors. The study aimed to identify clinical determinants of CRF measured as peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) in HF patients, and to determine a peak VO2 prediction model using regression equations. Retrospective analysis of 200 HF patients who completed treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing and underwent Doppler echocardiography and/or biomarker analysis on the same day was performed. After univariate linear regression analysis, a multivariate peak VO2 prediction model was developed using significant variables in a stepwise linear regression analysis. In subjects with repeated testing, Pearson's correlation was used to assess correlations between measured and predicted change in peak VO2 (Δpeak VO2) over time. Mean age was 57 years, with 55% being male. Stepwise linear regression was used to generate a weighted model for peak VO2: 30.895 + (−0.112•age[years]) + (0.296•hemoglobin [g/dl]) + (−0.101•E/e’[unit change]) + (−0.202• body mass index [kg/m2]) + (−0.593• N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [logN pg/ml])) + (−1.349•CRP [log mg/L]). Predicted peak VO2 correlated strongly with measured peak VO2 in HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction patients (r = +0.63, p
Differences between the Effects of f-Met-Leu-Phe and Leukotriene B4 on Phosphoinositide Turnover and Their Relationship to Calcium Mobilization and Protein Kinase C Activation

It is generally accepted that the mobilization and metabolism of arachidonic acid are involved in the activation and/or modulation of the neutrophil’s responses and that the major biological activities of arachidonic acid are mediated by the ability of leukotriene B4 to alter calcium homeostasis (for a review and original citations, see Bach, 1983). This conclusion is based on various experimental results. First, the biological activities of exogenously added arachidonic acid and some of its metabolites have been demonstrated. Second, the activation of the neutrophils by chemotactic factors can be modulated by certain lipase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Third, chemotactic factors cause the release of arachidonic acid previously incorporated in phospholipids and stimulate its subsequent metabolism including the generation of leukotriene B4. Fourth, the exogenous addition of leukotriene B4 to neutrophils increases the intracellular concentration of free calcium, with characteristics similar to those of its biological activities. This increase occurs through the release of calcium from internal stores, by displacement of previously bound calcium from membranous and other sites, and from the extracellular medium through an increase in the plasma membrane permeability to calcium.
Body-Worn Cameras and Internal Accountability at a Police Agency

Existing research on body-worn cameras have primarily focused on certain policing outcomes (e.g., citizen complaints and use-of-force), however, only a handful of research to date has considered how the implementation of body-worn cameras have impacted internal organizational processes at police departments. Using semi-structured interviews, a survey, and ride-along observations, we examined how body-worn cameras impacted the way police officers were held or felt accountable for their behavior. The study was conducted at the Sunnyvale Police Department (pseudonym), a small city agency in the United States that had been using cameras for two and a half years. Particularly, we describe how body-worn cameras impacted accountability at Sunnyvale within different organizational contexts that included reporting, citizen interactions, training, and supervision. Consistent with the hopes of reformers, body-worn cameras did seem to raise the general sense of accountability as they became a part of training, citizen encounters, reporting, and supervision. However, these changes were not like reformers would have imagined, as the department did not intently use cameras in a way to hold officers any more accountable for their conduct and performance on the street.
Self-absorption and Phonon Pulse Shape Discrimination in Scintillating Bolometers

We show that self-absorption of photons in scintillating bolometers can differentiate phonon pulse shapes between $$\alpha$$ (or nuclear recoil) and $$\beta /\gamma$$ signals. This enables phonon pulse shape discrimination for particle identification. We establish a detector signal model that includes self-absorption and compare the simulated phonon pulse shapes with previously reported experimental results. The model predicts increase in pulse shape difference at higher self-absorption. Based on this result, we propose a new design of scintillating bolometers using 4$$\pi$$ light reflectors for maximized self-absorption and only a single phonon readout, instead of light detectors that are typically employed for particle discrimination in scintillating bolometers.
Risk Factors and Complications Following Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon.

Background:Controversy exits regarding performing a tenotomy versus a tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT).Purpose:To evaluate the complications after arthroscopic tenotomy of the...
Past eruptions and future predictions: Analyzing ancient responses to Mount Vesuvius for use in modern risk management

Abstract The Campania region of southern Italy, dominated by Mount Vesuvius, is an enduring volcanic landscape which hosts a wealth of detailed information about human responses to past eruptions. This research taps into rich archaeological, geological, and historical data to bring together the past, present and future of Mount Vesuvius and the populations surrounding it. Records from the Avellino eruption (ca. 1900 BCE), and the Pompeii eruption (79 CE), their impacts, and associated social responses are examined here as two of the largest, most violent events of Vesuvius' eruptive history which impacted human populations. The social impacts of these eruptions are considered as valuable sources of information about worst-case-scenario events which should be utilized in contemporary risk management and emergency planning. The vulnerability and resilience of the Early Bronze Age and Roman societies who experienced the Avellino and Pompeii eruptions, respectively, are contrasted with potential responses of present Campanian communities to a hypothetical future eruption scenario. This work thus makes use of archaeological data from past disasters to engage with contemporary issues of emergency planning and risk management in the Vesuvius region of Southern Italy.
A Council Circle at Etzanoa? Multi-sensor Drone Survey at an Ancestral Wichita Settlement in Southeastern Kansas

This article presents results of a multi-sensor drone survey at an ancestral Wichita archaeological site in southeastern Kansas, originally recorded in the 1930s and believed by some scholars to be the location of historical “Etzanoa,” a major settlement reportedly encountered by Spanish conquistador Juan de Onate in 1601. We used high-resolution, drone-acquired thermal and multispectral (color and near-infrared) imagery, alongside publicly available lidar data and satellite imagery, to prospect for archaeological features across a relatively undisturbed 18 ha area of the site. Results reveal a feature that is best interpreted as the remains of a large, circular earthwork, similar to so-called council circles documented at five other contemporary sites of the Great Bend aspect cultural assemblage. We also located several features that may be remains of house basins, the size and configuration of which conform with historical evidence. These findings point to major investment in the construction of large-scale ritual, elite, or defensive structures, lending support to the interpretation of the cluster of Great Bend aspect sites in the lower Walnut River as a single, sprawling population center, as well as demonstrating the potential for thermal and multispectral surveys to reveal archaeological landscape features in the Great Plains and beyond.
Registered Report: Transcriptional Analysis of Savings Memory Suggests Forgetting is Due to Retrieval Failure.

There is fundamental debate about the nature of forgetting: some have argued that it represents the decay of the memory trace, others that the memory trace persists but becomes inaccessible due to retrieval failure. These different accounts of forgetting lead to different predictions about savings memory, the rapid re-learning of seemingly forgotten information. If forgetting is due to decay, then savings requires re-encoding and should thus involve the same mechanisms as initial learning. If forgetting is due to retrieval failure, then savings should be mechanistically distinct from encoding. In this registered report we conducted a pre-registered and rigorous test between these accounts of forgetting. Specifically, we used microarray to characterize the transcriptional correlates of a new memory (1 day after training), a forgotten memory (8 days after training), and a savings memory (8 days after training but with a reminder on day 7 to evoke a long-term savings memory) for sensitization in Aplysia californica (n = 8 samples/group). We found that the re-activation of sensitization during savings does not involve a substantial transcriptional response. Thus, savings is transcriptionally distinct relative to a newer (1-day old) memory, with no co-regulated transcripts, negligible similarity in regulation-ranked ordering of transcripts, and a negligible correlation in training-induced changes in gene expression (r = .04 95% CI [-.12, .20]). Overall, our results suggest that forgetting of sensitization memory represents retrieval failure. Significance Statement Understanding the nature of forgetting is important because both excessive and insufficient forgetting are related to profound disruptions of mental health. This registered report provides molecular data indicating that forgetting of long-term sensitization in Aplysia represents retrieval failure, contributing new evidence towards resolving a long-standing debate over the neural mechanisms of forgetting.
Preclinical Models for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy Development

Experimental preclinical models have been a cornerstone of lung cancer translational research. Work in these model systems has provided insights into the biology of lung cancer subtypes and their origins, contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie tumor progression, and revealed new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Initially patient-derived lung cancer cell lines were the main preclinical models available. The landscape is very different now with numerous preclinical models for research each with unique characteristics. These include genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and three-dimensional culture systems ("organoid" cultures). Here we review the development and applications of these models and describe their contributions to lung cancer research.
ARTMAN, Amy Collier. The Miracle Lady: Kathryn Kuhlman and the Transformation of Charismatic Christianity.

ARTMAN, Amy Collier. The Miracle Lady: Kathryn Kuhlman and the Transformation of Charismatic Christianity. Library of Religious Biography Series. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2019. 244pp. Pbk. ISBN: 978-0-8028-7670-6. $28.
Early Prediction of Mortality in Critical Care Setting in Sepsis Patients Using Structured Features and Unstructured Clinical Notes.

Sepsis is an important cause of mortality, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Developing novel methods to identify early mortality is critical for improving survival outcomes in sepsis patients. Using the MIMIC-III database, we integrated demographic data, physiological measurements and clinical notes. We built and applied several machine learning models to predict the risk of hospital mortality and 30-day mortality in sepsis patients. From the clinical notes, we generated clinically meaningful word representations and embeddings. Supervised learning classifiers and a deep learning architecture were used to construct prediction models. The configurations that utilized both structured and unstructured clinical features yielded competitive F-measure of 0.512. Our results showed that the approaches integrating both structured and unstructured clinical features can be effectively applied to assist clinicians in identifying the risk of mortality in sepsis patients upon admission to the ICU.
Chapter 9 Hydrogen in Semiconductors: Ion Beam Techniques

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the application of ion beam techniques for the study of hydrogen (H) in semiconductors. Ion beam techniques offer a wide variety of possibilities for the study of hydrogen in materials. The chapter discusses nuclear reaction analysis and scattering techniques and describes some of their applications. Ion-beam techniques can be grouped into the following two categories, depending upon the information they provide: (1) compositional analysis and (2) positional analysis. In the first category are techniques that provide depth profiles of impurities. The discussion of this category in the chapter emphasizes on high-energy ion beam techniques, such as nuclear reaction analysis and elastic recoil detection, with a brief review of (lower-energy) secondary ion mass spectrometry. Positional analysis uses ion channeling of MeV light ions (for example, helium) to probe the lattice location of impurities. The importance of measurement simulation and microscopic modeling for the precise determination of lattice location is described in the chapter.
Corrupción, burocracia colonial y veteranos separatistas en Cuba, 1868-1910

Administrative corruption in Cuba during the nineteenth century was a serious problem addressed both by Spanish authorities and the critics of the colonial system in Cuba. In the long run the fiscal, financial, institutional, and ideological costs of corruption undermined Spanish colonial control in Cuba. While the state and Cuban taxpayers had to pay for the increased costs of corruption, corrupt public officials and private contractors and financiers benefited. This study uses both archival manuscript administrative sources and published sources to assess the impact of corruption and its institutional bases during the final phase of Spanish colonialism in Cuba and the early period of post-colonial transition.
Log-structured global array for efficient multi-version snapshots

In exascale systems, increasing error rate -- particularly silent data corruption -- is a major concern. The Global ViewResilience (GVR) system builds a new model of application resilience on versioned global arrays. These arrays can be exploited for flexible, application-specific error checking and recovery. We explore a fundamental challenge to the GVR model -- the cost of versioning. We propose a novel log-structured implementation that appends new data to an update log, simultaneously tracking modified regions and versioning incrementally. We compare performance of log-structured arrays to traditional flat arrays using micro-benchmarks and three full applications, and show that versioning can be more than 10x faster, and reduce memory cost significantly. Further, in future systems with NVRAM, a log-structured approach is more tolerant onramp limitations such as write bandwidth and wear-out.
A conserved RNA-binding protein that regulates sexual fates in the C. elegans hermaphrodite germ line

......... The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has two sexes, males and hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites initially produce sperm but switch to producing oocytes. This switch appears to be controlled by the 39 untranslated region of fem-3 messenger RNA. We have now identified a binding factor (FBF) which is a cytoplasmic protein that binds specifically to the regulatory region of fem-3 39UTR and mediates the sperm/oocyte switch. The RNA-binding domain of FBF consists of a stretch of eight tandem repeats and two short flanking regions. This structural element is conserved in several proteins including Drosophila Pumilio, a regulatory protein that controls pattern formation in the fly by binding to a 39UTR. We propose that FBF and Pumilio are members of a widespread family of sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins.
Achieving excellence in graduate research: A guide for new graduate students

A mentoring guide for incoming graduate students has been developed to minimize the time spent reiterating general guidance and "norms" that need to be instilled in new graduate students. This allows principal investigators and senior researchers to provide high value, customized coaching for the individual student which is where the real value of the PhD education is expressed.
Analysis of Event-Driven Real-Time Systems with Time Petri Nets

The growing complexity of modern real-time embedded systems makes it imperative to apply formal analysis techniques at early stages of system development. This paper considers formal modelling of event-driven real-time systems with Time Petri Nets, and subsequent analysis via model-checking by a simple, fully automatable translation into Timed Automata. The proposed approach is applied to a small application scenario taken from Avionics Mission Computing.
Expression of human GLI in mice results in failure to thrive, early death, and patchy Hirschsprung-like gastrointestinal dilatation.

GLI is an oncodevelopmental gene in the vertebrate hedgehog/patched signaling pathway that is spatiotemporally regulated during development and is amplified in a subset of human cancers. GLI is the prototype for the Gli-Kruppel family of transcription factors, which includes the Drosophila segment polarity gene ci, the C. elegans sex-deteimining gene tra-1, and human and mouse GLI3, all of which contain a conserved domain of five C2-H2 zinc fingers. GLI3 mutations have been implicated in the mouse mutant extra toes, as well as in human Greig cephalopolydactaly syndrome and the autosomal dominant form of Pallister-Hall syndrome. As such, GLI and the vertebrate hedgehog/patched signaling pathway appear to play important roles in both normal development and neoplasia. Since it is not known whether aberrant GLI expression is similarly linked to developmental disorders, we developed gain-of-function transgenic mice which express human GLI ectopically. Affected transgenic mice exhibit a phenotype of failure to thrive, early death, and Hirschsprung-like patches of gastrointestinal dilatation. The colons of affected mice have greatly attenuated smooth muscle layers and abnormal overlying epithelium. The density of myenteric plexuses is reduced in the colonic walls. The severity of the phenotype is related to the level of transgene expression. The transgenic mouse model supports a role for GLI in gastrointestinal development. As part of the vertebrate hedgehog/patched signaling pathway, GLI is essential to mesoderm and CNS ectoderm development and transgenic GLI expression affects neuronal, muscular, and epithelial cell differentiation in the gut. Expression of human GLI in mice results in impairment of enteric neuronal development and a Hirschsprung-like phenotype.
Arrangement on the Chromosome of the Known Pre-Early Genes of Bacteriophages T5 and BF23

Genetic crosses between mutants defective in the known pre-early genes of T5 and BF23 and the detection of putative N-terminal fragments have allowed the determination of the order of genes along the initially transferred 8% section of DNA of these phages.
Schistosoma mansoni male–female interactions

Schistosome parasites are muticellular eucaryotic organisms with a complex life cycle that involves mammalian and snail hosts. Unlike other trematode parasites, schistosomes (along with the Didymoz...
Recruitment of DNA damage recognition and repair pathway proteins following near-IR femtosecond laser irradiation of cells.

An 800-nm 200-fs laser is used to produce DNA damage in rat kangaroo (PtK1) and human cystic fibrosis pancreatic adenoma carcinoma (CFPAC-1) cells. Immunofluorescence staining for DNA repair factors in irradiated cells displays localization of H2AX, Nbs1, and Rad50 to the site of irradiation 3 to 30 min following laser exposure. It is concluded that the 200-fs near-infrared laser is an excellent source for the production and study of spatially defined regions of DNA damage.
Transcriptomic Screening of Microvascular Endothelial Cells Implicates Novel Molecular Regulators of Vascular Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Microvascular dysfunction is a critical pathology that underlies the evolution of secondary injury mechanisms after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, little is known of the molecular regulation of endothelial cell (EC) plasticity observed acutely after injury. One reason for this is the relative lack of methods to quickly and efficiently obtain highly enriched spinal microvascular ECs for high-throughput molecular and biochemical analyses. Adult C57Bl/6 mice received an intravenous injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Lycopersicon esculentum lectin, and FITC-lectin-bound spinal microvessels were greatly enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) purification. This technique allows for rapid (<1.5 h postmortem) isolation of spinal cord microvascular ECs (smvECs). The results from cell counting, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot analyses show a high degree of EC enrichment at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, a focused EC biology microarray analysis identified multiple mRNAs dramatically increased in the EC compartment 24 h after SCI, which is a time point associated with the pathologic loss of spinal vasculature. These included thrombospondin-1, CCL5/RANTES, and urokinase plasminogen activator, suggesting they may represent targets for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, these novel methodologic approaches will likely facilitate the discovery of molecular regulators of endothelial dysfunction in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases having a vascular component.
4,4′,4″-Tris(5-nonyl)-2,2′ : 6′,2″-terpyridine as ligand in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)

The bulk atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene or methyl acrylate was carried out in the presence of CuCl or CuBr complexed by equimolar amounts of 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridines (tpy) as ligands. Uncontrolled reactions were observed in the presence of unsubstituted ligands whereas relatively fast but controlled polymerization of styrene and methyl acrylate was observed for CuCl and CuBr complexed by tpy with three 5-nonyl substituents (tNtpy). Molecular weights evolved linearly with conversion and polymers with relatively low polydispersities were formed (Mw/Mn < 1.2).
Early Assessment of Pediatric Burn Wounds By Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Evaluation of burn wound depth in pediatric patients is often difficult. A Laser Doppler Flowmeter with a temperature-controlled multichannel probe was used to measure burn wound perfusion as a tool to predict wound outcome. The average perfusion levels for wounds that healed spontaneously in fewer than 21 days was significantly higher than the average perfusion levels for wounds that required excision and grafting or were not healed by day 21 after burn injury. Laser Doppler Flowmetry showed high positive predictive values for nonhealing wounds on postburn days 1, 2, and 3. These results suggest that Laser Doppler Flowmetry is a useful tool for burn wound assessment in pediatric patients.
Previously unreported pathogens from the navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella, in California

Abstract Several new pathogens are reported from the navel orangeworm for the first time, including Rickettsiella sp., Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, 6 species of Microsporidia, 2 species of Mattesia, and a gregarine.
Pulsed field gradient nmr determination of the temperature dependence of the tracer diffusion coefficient of hemoglobin

We have studied the temperature dependence of the tracer diffusion coefficient of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin A (HbA-CO) by means of pulsed-field gradient nmr (PFG-nmr). Measurements were made over the temperature range from 15 to 35°C for samples having concentrations 7.4 and 16.7 g/dL. No significant deviations were found from the predictions of the Stokes-Einstein relation. Thus, this work does not corroborate the recently proposed conformational change in hemoglobin at 22°C. The advantages of PFG-nmr for the study of hemoglobin are discussed.
Directory to tables and reviews of angular-momentum and angular-correlation coefficients

Brief description of comprehensive tables of Clebsch-Gordan, Racah, Wigner, and related coefficients are presented in the first section and, in the second, of tables of coefficients of Legendre polynomials in angular-distribution expressions. The present lists, which cover material available to us up to June 1966, supersede those in Section 3 of the 1958 Directory to Nuclear Data Tabulations1 and its supplements.2, 3 Bibliographies of some abridged tables and review articles in the same field are included in the third and fourth sections.
Perturbation of the vectorial elements of non-Keplerian orbits

A vector method of treating perturbations of orbits in arbitrary spherically symmetric fields of force is presented. This formulation makes it possible to commence the vector perturbational analysis of motion in an arbitrary non-symmetric field from an intermediate orbit which incorporates all of the spherically symmetric part of the field rather than from a simple Keplerian orbit. Only the nonsymmetric part of the field need then be considered the source of the perturbation.
Analysis of flavivirus NS5 methyltransferase cap binding.

The flavivirus NS5 N-terminal RNA methyltransferase (MTase) enzyme is responsible for methylating the viral RNA cap structure. To increase our understanding of the mechanism of viral RNA cap binding we performed a detailed structural and biochemical characterization of guanosine cap binding pocket of the dengue (DEN) and yellow fever (YF) virus MTase enzymes. We solved an improved 2.1 A resolution crystal structure of DEN2 MTase and new 1.5 A resolution crystal structures of the YF virus MTase domain in apo form and new 1.45 A structure in complex with GTP and RNA cap analog. Our structures clarify the previously reported DEN MTase structure, suggest novel protein–cap interactions, and provide a detailed view of guanine specificity. Furthermore, the structures of the DEN and YF proteins are essentially identical, indicating a large degree of structural conservation amongst the flavivirus MTases. GTP analog competition assays and mutagenesis analysis, performed to analyze the biochemical characteristics of cap binding, determined that the major interaction points are (i) guanine ring via π–π stacking with Phe24, N1 hydrogen interaction with the Leu19 backbone carbonyl via a water bridge, and C2 amine interaction with Leu16 and Leu19 backbone carbonyls, (ii) ribose 2′ hydroxyl interaction with Lys13 and Asn17, and (iii) α-phosphate interactions with Lys28 and Ser215. Based on our mutational and analog studies, the guanine ring and α-phosphate interactions provide most of the energy for cap binding, while the combination of the water bridge between the guanine N1 and Leu19 carbonyl and the hydrogen bonds between the C2 amine and Leu16/Leu19 carbonyl groups provide for specific guanine recognition. A detailed model of how the flavivirus MTase protein binds RNA cap structures is presented.
Study of Antisite Defects in Hydrothermally Prepared LiFePO4 by in Situ X-ray Diffraction

Hydrothermal synthesis has proven to be a cost-effective, energy-efficient approach for the manufacture of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and its related materials. However, hydrothermally prepared LiFePO4 typically suffers from antisite defects, where some of the iron resides on lithium sites and restricts lithium-ion mobility. A post-heat-treatment temperature of around 700 °C is generally used to eliminate cation disorder, but little is known about these antisite defects or their concentration as a function of the post-heat-treatment temperature. In this study, time-resolved, synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals that antisite defects are completely eliminated above 500 °C, suggesting that the electrochemical performance may be significantly enhanced by a milder postsynthesis heat treatment. The preliminary electrochemical results show a significant enhancement in the electrochemical capacity with the defect-free material, with the specific capacity increasing by approximately 60% at a C/20 rate.
Simultaneous measurement of the rates of heat dissipation and oxygen consumption in marine invertebrates having and lacking hemoglobin

Abstract 1. 1. To determine how animals having and lacking hemoglobin partition their metabolism into aerobic and anaerobic processes at different ambient oxygen tensions, rates of heat dissipation and oxygen consumption were measured simultaneously with a flow-through differential calorimeter/respirometer (design and construction details are provided). 2. 2. Animals studied were Enoplobranchus sanguineus and Lysilla alba , polychaetes having and lacking hemoglobin in circulating erythrocytes, respectively; Tellina alternata and Tagelus plebeius , bivalves having and lacking cytoplasmic hemoglobin in neuroglia, respectively; and Solemya velum , a bivalve having cytoplasmic hemoglobin and sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in gills. 3. 3. Differences in metabolic responses to low PO 2 were displayed between species having and those lacking hemoglobin.
Substance use and health activities of pregnant adolescents

Little is known about substance use by pregnant adolescents or the possible effects of such use on their offspring. In this case-control study, substance use and selected health and social variables of 119 pregnant and 313 nonpregnant inner-city high school students are assessed. The most commonly used substances are alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Pregnant subjects used substances similarly to their nonpregnant counterparts, but were more likely to smoke cigarettes. Pregnant and nonpregnant subjects thought a baby is put at great risk for harm if its mother uses a substance during pregnancy. Pregnant subjects demonstrated more positive health behaviors than nonpregnant subjects. Recommendations for intervention are discussed.
An emerging concept. The cerebellar contribution to higher function.

• Recent clinical and research reports suggest that the cerebellum may contribute to the modulation of higher order behavior. This article presents a critical review of both earlier and more current clinical observations that raise this possibility, as well as a review of the salient laboratory data that appear to support this contention. It also summarizes the relevant anatomic work concerning the contributions to the cortico-pontocerebellar pathways from the higher order cerebral association areas, which have been implicated as partial anatomic substrates for this putative cerebellar role in higher function. Finally, it provides a framework for the understanding of this correlation, concludes with suggestions for future areas of investigation, and recommends that patients with cerebellar lesions be studied from a neurobehavioral point of view.
MO study of the monomer and adducts of dihydroxycarbene

Abstract Properties of dihydroxycarbene in its S 0 ( 1 A 1 ) and T 1 ( 3 B ) electronic states are investigated using MO methods at basis-set levels including polarization functions and approximations for electron correlation. The energetics of addition reactions and the properties of adducts formed between (HO) 2 C and H 2 , NO, N 2 , O 2 or H 2 O are considered. The adducts include methanediol and methanetriol, 3,3-dihydroxydiazirine and dihydroxydiazomethane, dihydroxynitrosomethyl, singlet dihydroxyoxirane, triplet dihydroxydioxymethane, and the dihydroxyketone oxide (HO) 2 COO.
Tumors of the Foot and Ankle: Experience with 153 Cases:

Background:Both primary and metastatic tumors in the foot and ankle have been reported as rare. The purpose of this study was to describe 153 cases of foot and ankle tumors from a 20-year experience in a tertiary referral center specializing in orthopaedic oncology. It is the largest reported series of both bone and soft tissue tumors in the foot and ankle.Materials and Methods:Between 1986 and 2006, a retrospective chart review was performed of a total of 2,660 tumors surgically treated in all anatomic sites by a single surgeon at a musculoskeletal tumor referral center.Results:One hundred fifty-three patients (5.75%) with bone and/or soft tissue tumors of the foot and ankle were treated. There were 84 women and 69 men. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 84, with a median age of 30 and mean of 33.2. The tissue types included 80 soft tissue and 73 bone tumors. Overall, 60 (39.2%) were malignant, and 93 (60.8%) were benign. The most common diagnosis was giant cell tumor. In addition, giant cell tumor was ...
2,4-Dinitrophenol causes a marked increase in the apparent Km of Pi and of ADP for oxidative phosphorylation.

Summary During oxidative phosphorylation by beef-heart submitochondrial particles, the presence of an uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol, causes over a ten-fold increase in the apparent Michaelis constants of Pi and of ADP. These results are consistent with an energy-linked conformational change that promotes the binding of Pi and ADP in a mode competent for ATP synthesis.
Interleukin-1 increases expression of the LYT-10 (NFκB2) proto-oncogene/transcription factor in renal cell carcinoma lines

Abstract The LYT-10 gene was initially cloned by virtue of its disruption by the translocation breakpoint in some †(10;14) lymphoid neoplasms. LYT-10 is now known to encode a component of the NF-κB family of transcriptional activators and has therefore also been designated NFκB2. Activation of NF-κB is generally associated with its transfer to the nucleus and is followed by a rapid increase in expression of its target genes, which include cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 can also be induced by other transcription factors such as NF-IL6. We studied the interaction of IL-1 and these transcription factors in two renal cell carcinoma cell lines (ACHN and Caki-1). These lines produce high levels of IL-6, show endogenous chloramphenicol acelyltransferase activity for the IL-6 promoter, and have high basal levels of transcripts encoding the NF-κB components Lyt-10, p50, and p65 as well as the NF-IL6 trancription factor. IL-lα and IL-Iβ markedly increased steady-state levels of LYT-10 (NFκB2) transcripts and nuclear Lyt-10 protein in both cell lines. Levels of the NFκB1 (p50-encoding), p65, and NF-IL6 transcripts also increased after IL-1 exposure. These changes were accompanied by a 20-fold or greater increase in levels of IL-6 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein. Our observations suggest that the mechanism by which IL-1α or IL-1β induces IL-6 may be mediated through increases in LYT-10 mRNA and protein levels as well as increases in expression of other transcription factors (NFκB1, p65, and NF-IL6), in addition to the known ability of IL-1 to post-translationally activate NF-κB.
Matching shape descriptions of objects

A model of an object is an image consisting of features of the object. The input is a gray scale image from which features are computed. In his doctoral thesis J. L. Chen used a model based approach for object recognition. His method is based on Rosin's work for extraction of parts. Both model and scene features are contour based properties. Properties of each part such as area, compactness, convexity, etc., are computed and used to match the scene image to the model. This paper extends the algorithm in several directions. The contours are improved using two passes over the initial input image. The notion of internal part or base of an object is introduced and used to normalize the part areas. Insignificant parts are merged with neighboring parts to provide a better segmentation of the scene. Interpretation trees are used to match scene to object. The algorithm is tested on simple hand drawn images and also images of buildings obtained from architectural databases.
GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA FROM SPONTANEOUS FISSION OF $sup 252$Cf

Prompt gamma peaks associated with fission fragments of selected masses from the spontaneous fission of Cf/sup 252/ are studied. The dependence of the Doppler shift of the radiation energy on the fragment direction and mass is used to interpret the spectra. (R.E.U.)
Influence of antioxidant structure on local molecular mobility in amorphous sucrose.

Abstract The effect of the antioxidants gallic acid and methyl, propyl, and octyl gallate on the molecular mobility and hydrogen bond network in amorphous sucrose was studied. Solid amorphous sucrose films with and without the addition of antioxidants at a mole ratio of 1:5 (antioxidant/sucrose) were cast from solution onto quartz slides. Local molecular mobility from 0 to 70 °C was measured using tryptophan amino acid as a luminescent probe dispersed in the films. Phosphorescence from the tryptophan probe provides spectroscopic characteristics—emission spectrum and lifetime—that are sensitive to changes in molecular mobility induced by the addition of antioxidants. Local molecular mobility detected by tryptophan increased in the following order: sucrose sucrose–gallic acid > sucrose–propyl gallate > sucrose > sucrose–octyl gallate) that was nearly the reverse of that seen in matrix mobility. Analysis of the differential effects of the antioxidants suggests that the presence of the hydroxyl benzoyl head group increased matrix molecular mobility and hydrogen bond strength while the saturated carbon chain decreased mobility and bond strength. The influence of the carboxyl group on matrix properties was comparable to that of the formyloxy group. These results indicate that the addition of specific functional ingredients such as antioxidants may significantly affect the physical properties and consequently functional properties of amorphous edible films in ways that might condition their use. The observed changes are closely related to the chemical structure of the added species.
“A Community with Diversity of Culture, Wealth, Resources, and Living Experiences”: Defining Neighborhood in an Unincorporated Community

To obtain a better understanding of how people living in an unincorporated region define their neighborhood, a long-term photovoice project was conducted. Thirty-one photovoice sessions and eight structured interviews were coded and analyzed to assess participants’ neighborhood definitions. Participant’s difficulties in identifying the geographic, physical and demographic characteristics of their neighborhood led them to use social interactions, place-mediated values, and civic engagement to define neighborhood.
Fault tolerance of minimal path routings in a network

We prove the conjectured 2T-1 pound on the diameter of a surviving quote graph from which T edges are removed, under the assumption that a minimal path routing is used we also prove the related conjecture for node failure, and combine the results into a more general theorem.
Reproductive physiology of tropical seagrasses

Abstract Tropical seagrasses have been induced to flower under continuous light, suggesting that day length plays a minor role in reproductive periodicity. Flowering was induced under continuous light in both Indo-Pacific and western Atlantic species and in each of five genera. In Halodule, Thalassia, Syringodium and Halophila , plants became reproductive under temperatures in the range from 20–26°C. and certain species of Halophila also produced flowers at temperatures above 26°C. In Cymodocea , both C. rotundata Ehrenb. & Hempr. ex Aschers. and C. serrulata (R.Br.) Aschers. & Magnus failed to flower in the range from 20–26°C or if kept continuously above 31°C, but became reproductive in temperatures that fluctuated between 27–31°C. The temperature sequences of local tropical waters are probably the critical environmental events controlling the reproductive periodicity of the seagrasses.
Age-related alterations in cultured human fibroblast membrane structure and function

Membrane enzyme activities, lipid composition, and fluorescence probe characteristics in isolated plasma membranes, microsomes and mitochondria of cultured human fibroblasts were used to determine if structural alterations occurred as a function of donor age. The cells were sex matched and allowed to undergo approximately 8 population doublings under identical culture conditions. Plasma membrane (Na+, K+)-ATPase, microsomal NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and mitochondrial succinate cytochrome c activities showed variation as a function of increasing donor age but these changes were not statistically significant. At the same time the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio was unaltered in plasma membranes, decreased 50% in microsomes, and unchanged in mitochondria with increasing donor age. The phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio increased in all three membrane fractions with increasing age of the fibroblast donor. The ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids decreased in the phospholipids of microsomes but not of plasma membranes or mitochondria. The structural properties of the membranes were determined with two different fluorescence probe molecules, trans-parinaric acid and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. These probe molecules indicated that the fluorescence lifetime and/or fluorescence polarization of the trans-parinaric acid probe decreased in microsomes, mitochondria, and in the plasma membrane, such that the limiting anisotropy, indicative of restrictions to probe motions, was significantly lower (high fluidity) with increasing subject age in plasma membranes, microsomes and mitochondria. The trans-parinaric acid fluorescence lifetime displayed two components in plasma membranes, microsomes, and mitochondria, a finding consistent with the coexistence of fluid and solid membrane lipid areas in the cultured human fibroblast subcellular membranes. The trans-parinaric acid partitioned preferentially into solid membrane areas. The limiting anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, a fluorescent probe that partitioned almost equally into different lipid domains, was also decreased in microsomes and mitochondria with increasing donor age. In contrast, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene indicated a small increase in limiting anisotropy (0.219 vs 0.195) in plasma membranes. Arrhenius plots of trans-parinaric acid and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene absorbance-corrected fluorescence in plasma membranes, microsomes and mitochondria demonstrated characteristic breakpoints near 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. These breakpoints were not altered as a function of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fluorine NMR parameters of two-carbon chlorofluorohydrocarbons

Abstract A complete database of fluorine nmr parameters for compounds with two carbons and all possible combinations of fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen substituents now exists. These include the saturated compounds from CH 3 CH 2 F to CF 3 CF 3 and olefins from CH 2 =CHF to CF 2 =CF 2 . The chemical shifts cannot all be explained in terms of simple additive substituent effects. With this database as a guide, nmr analysis of mixtures can be made down to the 0.1% level.
Energetic ion and neutral energy analyzer for extreme-ultraviolet light sources

The Center for Plasma-Material Interactions has developed a detector capable of diagnosing the energetic ion and neutral spectrums emanating from extreme ultraviolet light sources. This tool has been used in the past for high-power output sources, but it is readily evident that actinic inspections tools require the use of debris mitigation analyzers. Using this tool, manufacturers can optimize the use of debris mitigation techniques, as well as analyze the effects brightness increases have on tool lifetime.