cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age-related changes in human blinks. Passive and active changes in eyelid kinematics.

PURPOSE: The authors analyzed eyelid kinematics in normal aging subjects to test the hypothesis that eyelid movements exhibit age-related changes and that blink disorders prevalent among the elderly, in turn, represent an outcome of normal aging processes. METHODS: The electromagnetic search coil technique was used to study blinks in normal human subjects for each decade from 40 to 89 years. Blink metrics (amplitude, peak velocity, and duration), main sequence relationships, and conjugacy were assessed. RESULTS: Mean amplitude and peak velocity of blinks decreased with age for spontaneous blinks and, to a lesser extent, for voluntary blinks. Some but not all, of this decline could be attributed to a peripheral phenomenon, narrowed palpebral fissure width. The spontaneous blink down phase main sequence slope also declined with age. By contrast, blink rate and the coordination of movements of the two eyelids--blink conjugacy--exhibited no change. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that disorders of blink systems typically seen in persons 50 years of age or older occur on a background of normal age-dependent changes in eyelid kinematics. Alterations in main sequence slope imply the operation of central adaptive systems during aging. Reduction in main sequence slope is interpreted as a reduction in aggregate orbicularis oculi motoneuron activity. Such a central neurologic adjustment in the motor output of blink systems may serve to compensate for an age-related increase in blink reflex excitability. Compensatory reduction in the main sequence relationship may offset a potentially hyperexcitable blink reflex, thereby reducing the likelihood of disorders such as blepharospasm. The authors conclude that although there are changes in the kinematics of blinking with age, such changes do not necessarily predispose an aging population to eyelid motility disorders.
Ancillary Therapy of Bovine Respiratory Disease

Ancillary therapy for bovine respiratory disease is covered with an emphasis on anti-inflammatories. Theoretic rationale and any available clinical data are reviewed for glucocorticosteroids as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, and aspirin. Antihistamines, immunomodulators, diuretics, and bronchodilators are also discussed.
Solar eclipses and the temple of the plumed serpents, Xochicalco, Mexico

Le lien possible entre l'iconographie du Temple du Serpent a Plume de Xochicalco et les eclipses solaires est connue. Cependant, aucune des recherches menees a ce sujet n'a porte sur les eclipses qui ont veritablement eu lieu a l'epoque de l'erection du temple. Grâce au logiciel Voyager, les auteurs ont pu denombrer onze eclipses entre 600 et 700 apr. J.-C., periode de formation du complexe urbain de Xochicalco
Experimental Aspects of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

The fractional quantum Hall effect, FQHE, is one of the most exciting phenomena to be discovered recently in solid state physics. The FQHE is observed in high-mobility (µ > 105cm2/Vs) two-dimensional systems at low temperatures (T 5 T). The FQHE is phenomenologically similar to the integral quantum Hall effect, IQHE: Plateaus are observed in the Hall resistivity, pxy, concomitant with minima in the diagonal resistivity, pxx (see Figure 1.1). While the IQHE exists at magnetic fields corresponding to integral Landau-level filling, v, the FQHE is observed at fractional Landau-level filling v = p/q where q is always odd (v = nh/eB, n = area density, and eB/h = Landau-level degeneracy). In the T → 0 limit, for both the IQHE and the FQHE, the plateaus in pxy are accurately quantized to h/ve2 and the minima in pxx reveal the presence of zero resistance states in the two-dimensional system. This low temperature behavior indicates the existence of energy gaps above the ground state of the system. While the IQHE can be phenomenologically understood through consideration of the single particle density of states, the FQHE requires a many-body approach to account for the phenomena.
Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery

Acute mental stress leads to transient blood pressure (BP) and heart rate elevations, and these are risk factors for the development of hypertension and heart disease. A corollary is that individuals particularly prone to strong cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) in the lab may experience these responses frequently enough in daily life for these elevations in BP to directly contribute to tissue damage and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease events. In this article, we provide a guide to the methodology of CVR studies. Following a brief review of the empirical literature, we discuss issues regarding the design, implementation, and analysis of reactivity studies.
An exploratory study of core self-evaluation and entrepreneurial motivation

This research focused on the relationship between core self-evaluation, job satisfaction, and exhaustion that has been supported in the literature. More specifically, this study explored a potentia...
RECRUITING SALES STUDENTS: THE VALUE OF PROFESSIONALS IN THE CLASSROOM

It can be difficult for employers to recruit sales students because of the supply/demand gap. This is true despite increases in university sales education programs. This study investigates the impa...
Cell block preparation in urine cytology: examination of utility and workflow in an academic practice.

Introduction Urine cytology is a common non-invasive test to screen for urothelial carcinoma. Urine cell blocks may sometimes be prepared as a diagnostic aid (eg, to characterize architecture or perform immunohistochemistry). The aim of this study was to determine whether routinely preparing cell blocks on urine specimens improves diagnostic sensitivity. Materials and methods Three time periods were compared: time period 1 (prior to November 2009; 1437 consecutive selected cases), when cell blocks were rarely prepared; period 2 (November 2009 to May 2010; 1230 selected cases), when cell blocks were prepared on all cases; and period 3 (after May 2010; 1499 consecutive selected cases), when cell blocks were made only when indicated (for samples with substantial cellular pellets or when requested by a pathologist). Results Patient demographics and the type of specimens received were relatively similar during the 3 time periods. Increased preparation of cell blocks was not accompanied by a notable improvement in specimen adequacy rate, given that Conclusion These data show that routinely preparing cell blocks for urine samples did not improve our laboratory’s specimen adequacy rate. Nonetheless, cell block preparation on urine samples did help lower the proportion of atypical diagnoses, when routinely or selectively prepared. Because preparation of cell blocks on all urine cases can be costly and only provides minimal added clinical benefit, our recommendation is to rather judiciously utilize cell blocks when screening urine cytology samples.
On the recognition of Passiflora hibiscifolia (Passifloraceae, section Dysosmia)

Background and Aims: Passiflora section Dysosmia is considered one of the most complicated groups in the passionflower genus, due in part to the difficulty of accurately delimiting taxa. One such example, currently recognized as Passiflora ciliata var. hibiscifolia , has undergone a series of nomenclatural changes based on varying taxonomic opinions since its circumscription in 1789. Few researchers have thus far objectively investigated the uniqueness of this taxon or its affinity with other similar taxa in the section. The objective of this study was to characterize the taxon currently known as P. ciliata var. hibiscifolia and provide evidence for its taxonomic recognition. Methods: Intensive morphological studies were carried out using 217 herbarium specimens, including type material, supplemented by 27 iNaturalist observations. Key results: The results show significant, consistent macro- and micromorphological differences between the taxon known as P. ciliata var. hibiscifolia and all other taxa within section Dysosmia . Conclusions: The entity studied here is distinct enough to warrant recognition at the rank of species as Passiflora hibiscifolia .
Unification of field emission and space charge limited emission with collisions

Electron emission plays a vital role in device design for systems with pressures ranging from vacuum to atmospheric pressure. Nonuniform pressure in vacuum devices and gap sizes below microscale for electronics near atmospheric pressure necessitate further theoretical characterization of the transition between electron emission phenomena. This letter incorporates collisions into analytical equations describing the transition from the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) equation for field emission to space-charge limited emission (SCLE). We recover the Child-Langmuir (CL) law for vacuum, SCLE at high mobility μ, and the Mott-Gurney (MG) law for collisional SCLE at low μ. The exact solutions follow asymptotic solutions for FN at low voltage V, before transitioning to MG at higher V, and, ultimately, to CL independent of μ. We also define a never before seen “triple-point,” where the asymptotic solutions of all three electron emission regimes converge. Fixing V, μ, or gap distance D uniquely specifies the other two parameters to achieve this triple point, which defines a regime where the electron emission mechanism is very sensitive to experimental conditions. The implications on device design are discussed.
The poetry addict: Utz Rachowski as poet, political prisioner, and counselor

Closely analyzing selected poems, this article traces the major phases of the five-decade-long career of contemporary German poet Utz Rachowski. First, East Germany’s paranoid repressive police force declared five of Rachowski’s poems to be subversive. Second, with his prison poems, Rachowski asserts his subjectivity against objectifying punishments. From this phase onward, the metaphor “poetry is a drug” helps us to understand the role of poetry for Rachowski. Third, his exile led to a sense of loss of home expressed in mature poetry. Finally, taking on responsibility for a dog during his 2012 stay in the United States reconfirmed Rachowski’s belief in trust, giving his poetry new productivity and a gentler tone. Outside his poetic career, Rachowski counsels people who have suffered under the state repressions --- Original in English.
Combined therapy with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin decreases hematologic toxicity from zidovudine.

Twenty-two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex and multilineage hematopoietic defects were treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) in a phase I/II trial. All patients were neutropenic and anemic after withdrawal of all bone marrow-suppressive drugs. Daily, G-CSF was subcutaneously self-administered until an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 6,000/microL was achieved and maintained for 2 weeks. Subcutaneous EPO was added to the regimen and the dose increased until an increase of 15 g/L of hemoglobin was observed. Groups of patients were administered increasing doses of zidovudine to determine their tolerance. G-CSF and EPO therapy was continued with dose modification to maintain an ANC greater than 1,500/microL and hemoglobin greater than 100 g/L. The dose of zidovudine was not altered. All 22 patients responded to G-CSF with a mean 10-fold increase in neutrophils occurring in less than 2 weeks. Significant increases in CD4 and CD8 cell number, lymphocyte proliferative response, and bone marrow cellularity were seen. EPO therapy increased hemoglobin in all 20 evaluable patients within 8 weeks. Sixteen patients received 1,000 mg and four patients received 1,500 mg of zidovudine per day. The reinstitution of zidovudine resulted in a decline in reticulocytes and hemoglobin and the reappearance of transfusion requirements in eight of the 20 patients, six of whom had the study medications stopped. No patient had the study medications stopped because of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Toxicities were mild and did not require dose modifications. Limiting dilution plasma and lymphocyte co-cultures for HIV as well as serum p24 antigen levels did not change significantly during G-CSF or combined G- CSF and EPO therapy. HIV p24 antigen decreased significantly with zidovudine therapy. Opportunistic infections occurred in 14 patients but were successfully treated with myelosuppressive antimicrobial agents, including ganciclovir, without the development of neutropenia. These results suggest that combined therapy with G-CSF and EPO may improve the neutropenia and anemia of AIDS. Combined therapy may allow the resumption of full-dose zidovudine in most patients intolerant of the hematologic effects of zidovudine without apparent alteration of HIV expression or the efficacy of zidovudine.
Self-optimizing Control of an Air Source Heat Pump

Self-optimizing Control (SOC) is a method for finding appropriate controlled variables for which implementation of feedback control yields nearly-optimal operation regardless of variation in disturbances. The Jacobian estimation process in conventional SOC rely on an offline analysis of large amounts of steady-state data, which can be difficult in practice. In this paper, we propose a new SOC procedure enabled by extremum-seeking control (ESC). First, by presenting periodic disturbance dither into the plant model, the Jacobian estimation can be carried out with the dither-demodulation process in multivariable ESC, and then the null-space method is used to find the optimal sensitivity matrix. The ESC can then be used to find the optimum setpoint value for the controlled variable from the previous step. The proposed method is compared with conventional SOC using a Modelica-based dynamic simulation of an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system.
Obesity and risk for open reduction and internal fixation of syndesmotic injuries in the setting of concomitant ankle fractures.

Abstract Introduction The association between obesity and the need for open reduction and surgical fixation of the syndesmosis in the setting of malleolar ankle fractures remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between obesity, ankle fracture complexity, and the need for open reduction and fixation of the syndesmosis. Methods A retrospective analysis of the NSQIP database was performed for patients undergoing surgical fixation of isolated, closed ankle fractures. Patients were grouped by fracture pattern into 6 cohorts (uni-, bi- and trimalleolar ankle fractures with or without syndesmotic injury). Demographic data was collected and compared between groups and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and ankle fracture pattern. Results A total of 15,841 patients (mean age 48.9 years) were identified for inclusion. Regression analyses revealed that BMI had a significant association with the incidence of open reduction and internal fixation of the ankle syndesmosis, but there was no association between BMI and malleolar fracture pattern. Conclusions This study demonstrates that elevated BMI is associated with an increased risk for open reduction and internal fixation of the syndesmosis in malleolar ankle fractures. However, obesity was not associated with ankle fracture pattern itself, whereas older age, female sex, and white race were more significant predictors of fracture complexity. This data provides a framework for further evaluation of the effect that both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have on fracture complexity and operative management of patients with such injuries. Level of evidence Case-control study. Level III.
Compiler-Based Timing For Extremely Fine-Grain Preemptive Parallelism

In current operating system kernels and run-time systems, timing is based on hardware timer interrupts, introducing inherent overheads that limit granularity. For example, the scheduling quantum of preemptive threads is limited, resulting in this abstraction being restricted to coarse-grain parallelism. Compiler-based timing replaces interrupts from the hardware timer with callbacks from compiler-injected code. We describe a system that achieves low-overhead timing using whole-program compiler transformations and optimizations combined with kernel and run-time support. A key novelty is new static analyses that achieve predictable, periodic run-time behavior from the transformed code, regardless of control-flow path. We transform the code of a kernel and run-time system to use compiler-based timing and leverage the resulting fine-grain timing to extend an implementation of fibers (cooperatively scheduled threads), attaining what is effectively preemptive scheduling. The result combines the fine granularity of the cooperative fiber model with the ease of programming of the preemptive thread model.
Genomic patterns of transcription-replication interactions in mouse primary B cells

ABSTRACT Conflicts between transcription and replication machinery are a potent source of replication stress and genome stability; however, no technique currently exists to identify endogenous genomic locations prone to transcription-replication interactions. Here, we report a novel method to identify genomic loci prone to transcription-replication interactions termed transcription-replication immunoprecipitation on nascent DNA sequencing, TRIPn-Seq. TRIPn-Seq employs the sequential immunoprecipitation of RNA polymerase 2 phosphorylated at serine 5 (RNAP2s5) followed by enrichment of nascent DNA previously labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. Using TRIPn-Seq, we mapped 1,009 unique transcription-replication interactions (TRIs) in mouse primary B cells characterized by a bimodal pattern of RNAP2s5, bidirectional transcription, an enrichment of RNA:DNA hybrids, and a high probability of forming G-quadruplexes. While TRIs themselves map to early replicating regions, they exhibit enhanced Replication Protein A association and replication fork termination, marks of replication stress. TRIs colocalize with double-strand DNA breaks, are enriched for deletions, and accumulate mutations in tumors. We propose that replication stress at TRIs induces mutations potentially contributing to age-related disease, as well as tumor formation and development.
SARCOPENIA E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE IDOSOS RESIDENTES EM UMA COMUNIDADE NO SUL DO BRASIL

Introducao: Atualmente, a sarcopenia tem sido considerada como importante fator de risco para a reducao da mobilidade, aumento no numero de quedas e fraturas; e, e comumente associada com um alto risco de hospitalizacao, institucionalizacao, dependencia, piora da qualidade de vida e mortalidade. Objetivo: verificar a prevalencia de sarcopenia e o estado nutricional em idosos de um municipio do Sul do Brasil. Metodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado com idosos do Sul do Brasil. A sarcopenia foi determinada de acordo com o criterio European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo Questionario Mini Avaliacao Nutricional (MAN). Aspectos socioeconomicos, demograficos e de desempenho fisico foram descritos. Resultados: o estudo contou com uma amostra de 327 idosos; destes, 52,6% apresentaram provavel sarcopenia, 23,7% obtiveram confirmacao do diagnostico de sarcopenia e 20,7% apresentavam sarcopenia severa de acordo com os criterios de EWGSOP2. Na avaliacao do estado nutricional pela MAN, todos os idosos foram considerados com estado nutricional normais, porem 34,3% dos provaveis sarcopenicos apresentavam excesso de peso, enquanto 17,6% idosos apresentaram risco de desnutricao e 2% desnutridos. Conclusao: os dados apontam uma alta prevalencia de idosos com provavel sarcopenia (baixa forca muscular) e excesso de peso (aumento da circunferencia da cintura e indice de massa corporal), sugerindo um desequilibrio energetico nutricional desses idosos.
Using advanced spatial statistical analyses to determine socio-economic constructs of fresh food availability in Georgia, United States

Abstract An increasing number of people worldwide are consuming fresh food for health, environmental, and ethical reasons. As this push for the consumption of fresh food is gaining momentum, many citizens cannot partake in the movement as they live in areas where there are no fresh food stores, or it takes a long time to reach the nearest fresh food store. This phenomenon exists throughout the United States, including the State of Georgia. We first determined the spatial locations of standard grocery stores selling fresh food across Georgia. Using advanced spatial tools in Geographical Information System (GIS), we then determined the average travel time to selected stores at the census tract level and used it as the dependent variable in a spatial lag regression model to determine factors affecting the fresh food availability at the state level. Moreover, we specified a Cluster Point Process Model to analyze how population characteristics explain the density of fresh food stores across the state. About 15.3% of Georgia's current population has to travel more than 10 min to purchase fresh food. The residents of census tracts with a higher percentage of White, percentage of Hispanic, employment rate, urban rate, and education level had better fresh food availability. Moreover, residents of high-income tracts in urban areas had to travel longer to access a fresh food store. We also found that the density of fresh food stores in urban areas was higher than in rural areas. Our findings will bring forward inequalities embedded in food systems and provide valuable information for policymakers seeking an improvement in the fresh food availability across Georgia and other states located in the Southern United States.
Analysis of sister-chromatid exchanges

Two requirements for the cytogenetic analysis of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in somatic cells are (1) a population of actively proliferating cells that will provide an adequate number of metaphases and (2) sister chromatids that in some way are differentially labeled or stained in the metaphases. SCEs can be recognized as abrupt discontinuities in the staining patterns of the two chromatids of a metaphase chromosome at what appear to be identical sites, with reciprocal switching from one chromatid to its sister. This protocol uses phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures of blood lymphocytes as a source of proliferating cells. The cells are incubated with the thymidine analog BrdU. Slides prepared from fixed cells with BrdU-substituted chromosomes are treated with Hoechst 33258, exposed to light and heat, and then Giemsa-stained to produce differentially stained chromosomes. The chromatids with bifilar substitution exhibit a lighter purple stain than their unifilarly substituted sister chromatids.
Mechanical properties of degraded PMR-15 resin

Thermo-oxidative aging produces a non-uniform degradation state in PMR-15 resin. A surface layer, usually attributed to oxidative degradation, forms. This surface layer has different properties from the inner material. A set of material tests was designed to separate the properties of the oxidized surface layer from the properties of interior material. Test specimens were aged at 316 C in either air or nitrogen, for durations of up to 800 hours. The thickness of the oxidized surface layer in air aged specimens, and the shrinkage and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of nitrogen aged specimens were measured directly. Four-point-bend tests were performed to determine modulus of both the oxidized surface layer and the interior material. Bimaterial strip specimens consisting of oxidized surface material and unoxidized interior material were constructed and used to determine surface layer shrinkage and CTE. Results confirm that the surface layer and core materials have substantially different properties.
Importance Sampling for General Hybrid Bayesian Networks

Some real problems are more naturally modeled by hybrid Bayesian networks that consist of mixtures of continuous and discrete variables with their interactions described by equations and continuous probability distributions. However, inference in such general hybrid models is hard. Therefore, existing approaches either only deal with special instances, such as Conditional Linear Gaussians (CLGs), or approximate a general model with a restricted version and then perform inference on the simpler model. However, results thus obtained highly depend on the quality of the approximations. This paper describes an importance sampling-based algorithm that directly deals with hybrid Bayesian networks constructed in the most general settings and guarantees to converge to the correct answers given enough time.
Electrochemical reactions of organic compounds in liquid ammonia: Part IV. Reduction of cyclooctatetraene

Abstract The electroreduction of COT in liquid ammonia at −38° and −65°C was investigated by cyclic voltammetric and controlled potential coulometric techniques. The results are interpreted by a two-step two-electron transfer reaction with strong ion-pairing of the COT dianion. Values for the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants and the equilibrium constant of the disproportionation of the radical anion are estimated, based on a digital simulation of the cyclic voltammogram.
Muonic x-ray measurement of the monopole and quadrupole charge parameters of /sup 154-158,160/Gd

Monopole and quadrupole charge distributions of $^{154}\mathrm{Gd}$, $^{155}\mathrm{Gd}$, $^{156}\mathrm{Gd}$, $^{157}\mathrm{Gd}$, $^{158}\mathrm{Gd}$, and $^{160}\mathrm{Gd}$ were investigated by muonic-atom $K$ and $L$ x-ray measurements. The model-independent Barrett charge radii ${R}_{k}$ and the isotope shifts $\ensuremath{\Delta}{R}_{k}$ were measured, and values of $〈{r}^{2}〉$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}〈{r}^{2}〉$ were deduced. A pronounced even-odd staggering effect of the nuclear charge radii was observed for the series $^{156\ensuremath{-}158}\mathrm{Gd}$. The quadrupole moments of the first excited states of the even-$A$ Gd nuclei were determined to be ${Q}^{154}({2}^{+})=\ensuremath{-}1.82(4) e$ b, ${Q}^{156}({2}^{+})=\ensuremath{-}1.93(4) e$ b, ${Q}^{158}({2}^{+})=\ensuremath{-}2.01(4) e$ b, and ${Q}^{160}({2}^{+})=\ensuremath{-}2.08(4) e$ b, and the quadrupole moments of the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground states of the odd-$A$ $^{155,157}\mathrm{Gd}$ nuclei were determined to be ${Q}^{155}({\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=1.27(3) e$ b and ${Q}^{157}({\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=1.35(3) e$ b. Comparison with a separate measurement of the odd-$A$ ground-state quadrupole moments based on the static hyperfine splitting of the muonic $M$ x rays showed that the model error in the extracted quadrupole moments of these nuclei is less than 2 percent. The quadrupole moments and the $B(E2)$ values obtained in the present experiment for the low-lying Gd states are in satisfactory agreement with the axially symmetric rotational model. However, the $^{154}\mathrm{Gd}$ nucleus exhibits a considerable softness as indicated by the isomer shift of the ${2}^{+}$ excited state and by the experimental value of the ratio $\frac{Q({2}^{+})}{B(E2:{0}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}^{+})}$.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $^{154\ensuremath{-}158,160}\mathrm{Gd}$; measured muonic x-ray spectra; deduced monopole and quadrupole charge parameters; isotope and isomer shifts.
Characterizing Participants in the ClinSeq Genome Sequencing Cohort as Early Adopters of a New Health Technology.

Genome sequencing is a novel clinical tool that has the potential to identify genetic origins of disease. However, the complexities of this new technology are significant and little is known about its integration into clinical care, and its potential adoption by patients. Expectations of its promise for personalized medicine are high and it is important to properly match expectations to the realities of the test. The NIH ClinSeq cohort study pilots the integration of genome sequencing into clinical research and care to assess the technical, medical and socio-behavioral aspects of implementing this technology. Over 950 adults ages 45-65 have been enrolled and clinically phenotyped. As an initial study, we describe the personality traits of ClinSeq participants, and explore how these traits compare to those that characterize early adopters of other new technologies. Our analysis was conducted on responses from 630 members of the cohort who completed a baseline survey on health cognitions, affect, health-related behaviors and personality traits, prior to receipt of any genome sequencing results. The majority of participants were white (90.5%), had at least a college degree (86.5%), and had at least one biological child (74.6%). Members of this ClinSeq sample were found to be high in dispositional optimism and resilience. Their high SES paralleled that of other early adopters of new technology. These attributes may contribute to participants’ expectations for favorable outcomes and willingness to take higher risks when compared to the general population. These characteristics may distinguish those who are most likely to pursue genome sequencing and be indicative of their psychological resources to manage returned results.
Human cervical epithelial changes produced by podophyllin

Abstract Podophyllin produced atypia in the cervical squamous epithelia of 28 of the 44 women of this study. It produced an abnormal inflammatory response without dysplasia in 12 more women. No appreciable effect was seen in 3 women. Dysplastic lesions produced by podophyllin have many features in common with spontaneously occurring atypical epithelial hyperplasia, including the shedding of malignant appearing cells. There is at present no evidence that podophyllin is carcinogenic.
Induced overexpression of cytochrome P450 sterol 14α‐demethylase gene (CYP51) correlates with sensitivity to demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

Background The fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causes dollar spot, the most important turfgrass disease worldwide. Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides have been relied upon heavily to manage this disease. Presently, populations of S. homoeocarpa with reduced sensitivity or resistance to DMIs are widespread in the United States. Results Cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (ShCYP51) and its flanking regions were identified and sequenced in 29 isolates of S. homoeocarpa with a range of DMI sensitivities. No modifications were found in the gene coding and upstream regions that were consistently related to DMI sensitivity. In the absence of propiconazole, ShCYP51 was expressed at a similar low level among DMI baseline and resistant isolates. In the presence of propiconazole, DMI-resistant isolates were induced to express ShCYP51 at significantly higher levels than baseline isolates by propiconazole at 5 mg L−1 for 5 h or at 0.5 mg L−1 for 72 h. The ShCYP51 expression level after 72 h exposure to 0.5 mg L−1 of propiconazole was linearly related to EC50 values and ΔRG (the change in relative growth rate over time), with R2 values equal to 83.7 and 90.0% respectively. Conclusion Induced overexpression of ShCYP51 in resistant isolates following DMI exposure is an important factor determining DMI sensitivity in S. homoeocarpa. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling Larval Transport and Settlement of Pink Shrimp in South Florida: Dynamics of Behavior and Tides

AbstractThe pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum, one of the commercially important Penaeidae, reproduces offshore of the southwest Florida (SWF) shelf. Larvae migrate to nursery grounds in estuarine Florida Bay. Using a numerical approach, we investigated the role of spawning location, larval traits, and physical forces on the transport of pink shrimp larvae. First, the Regional Oceanic Modeling System that is based on tides, air–ocean fluxes, and freshwater flows was used to simulate the SWF shelf oceanography. The model replicates the tides, winds, salinity, currents, and seasonality of the shelf. Secondly, the Regional Oceanic Modeling System was coupled offline with the Connectivity Modeling System, in which virtual larvae were released near the surface from two spawning sites, Dry Tortugas and Marquesas, and tracked until the time for settlement (about 28–30 d). Virtual larvae moved vertically in the water column following ontogenetic behaviors previously observed in the field: diel vertical migrati...
Improving mode awareness of the VNAV function with a Multiple Hypothesis Prediction method

This paper describes a Multiple Hypothesis Prediction (MHP) method that is used to improve aircraft state (energy and attitude) and automation mode awareness. The paper specifically focuses on its application for mode awareness during the use of the Vertical Navigation (VNAV) function. VNAV is used during the majority of the flight phases to govern vertical motion of aircraft and it is essential for flight constraint compliance and flight performance optimization. The existence of the VNAV sub-modes (i.e., VNAV SPD, VNAV PTH, and VNAV ALT), however, has often been confusing to the flight crew and the mode transition logic between these sub-modes is very complex. A previous survey has shown that VNAV is considered to be “the most disliked feature of automated cockpit systems” by many pilots. The MHP method presented in this paper reduces the occurrence of VNAV mode confusion by predicting aircraft trajectory and mode transitions with multiple hypotheses and alerting the flight crew of the hazardous situations when necessary. Violation of a waypoint altitude restriction is used as the example to evaluate the effectiveness of the MHP method, and both simulation and Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) study results show that this method increases the mode awareness of VNAV considerably and reduces the possibility of a potential waypoint altitude violation.
Insulin-stimulated Release of Lipoprotein Lipase by Metabolism of Its Phosphatidylinositol Anchor

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a critical role in the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin elicits the rapid release of LPL through mechanisms that are independent of energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Some of the metabolic actions of insulin may be mediated by the activation of a specific phospholipase that hydrolyzes a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (PI) molecule. The insulin-sensitive glycosyl-PI is structurally similar to the glycolipid membrane anchor of a number of proteins. LPL appears to be anchored to the 3T3-L1 cell surface by glycosyl-PI, and its rapid release by insulin may be due to activation of a glycosyl-PI-specific phospholipase C.
MODEL ANALYSIS OF RESPONSE TO APPLIED NITROGEN BY COTTON

The logistic model can be used to describe crop response to applied nutrients, such as nitrogen. It represents a three parameter model which is easy to use in practice. The model has been applied to numerous crops on different types of soils and under a variety of environmental conditions. In this article the model is applied to field data for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Arkansas for the period 1988–1990. Average yields for the three year period are first used to estimate the exponential parameters of the model. Then, individual values for the linear parameter are estimated for each of the three years. Analysis of variance shows that the linear parameter is significantly different among years. The analysis shows that applied nitrogen to reach 50% and 90% of maximum yield is 15 and 110 kg ha−1, respectively.
The effect of glucose on the induced biosynthesis of bacterial enzymes in the presence and absence of inducing agents

Abstract Amino acid, purine-pyrimidine, and vitamin B12 supplementation did not affect the complete suppression exerted by glucose on the induced biosynthesis of myo-inositol dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, and histidase in a strain of Aerobacter aerogenes. Although glucose prevented the induced biosynthesis of histidase, it did not prevent the entrance of L -histidine (the inducing agent) into the cells in substrate amounts. Conditions were defined for the demonstration of the gratuitous production of myo-inositol dehydrogenase by cells growing on either L -histidine or glycerol as the sole source of carbon and energy in the absence of demonstrable exogenous myo-inositol. Neither histidase nor glycerol dehydrogenase was produced by cells prepared in an analogous manner growing in the absence of the respective inducing agents. Glucose, when present alone or in combination with an amino acid supplement, inhibited the gratuitous production of myo-inositol dehydrogenase, though without destroying the capacity of the cells to resume such production upon exhaustion of the glucose. Glycerol supported growth of the cells at virtually the same rate as did glucose, but exhibited no marked inhibition of enzyme formation. The bearing of these results on current theories of the nature of the glucose effect and on the mechanism of adaptive enzyme formation is discussed.
Purification and Characterization of a 66-kDa Protein from Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate Which Promotes the Recycling of Hsp 70

Abstract We have purified to apparent homogeneity a 66-kDa protein from rabbit reticulocyte lysate which is associated with hsp 70. Our characterization of this 66-kDa protein demonstrates that its physiological role is to promote the recycling of hsp 70 by catalyzing the dissociation of hsp 70-bound ADP in exchange for ATP. We have therefore termed the 66-kDa protein RF-hsp 70, a recycling factor for hsp 70. RF-hsp 70 promotes stoichiometric binding of ATP to hsp 70, and it increases about 5-fold the rate of dissociation of hsp 70·ADP in the presence of ATP. This process represents adenine nucleotide exchange, since dissociation of ADP does not occur unless ATP is added; dATP, GTP, and ITP cannot substitute for ATP. The mechanism of action of RF-hsp 70 is to lower the KD of hsp 70 for ATP about 6-7-fold to a value that is close to the KD of hsp 70 for ADP. RF-hsp 70 also stimulates the ATPase activity of hsp 70, including the 42-kDa amino-terminal portion of hsp 70 generated by chymotrypsin, demonstrating that RF-hsp 70 interacts with that part of hsp 70 known to contain the ATP/ADP binding site. Confirming its recycling function, RF-hsp 70 stimulates about 7-10-fold the ability of hsp 70 to reactivate heat-denatured firefly luciferase. In addition, RF-hsp 70 acts catalytically to recycle hsp 70, since, at 0.2 times the molar concentration of hsp 70, RF-hsp 70 increases the rate of renaturation of luciferase by hsp 70 about 3-4-fold. The action of RF-hsp 70 is also partially species-specific since it is most effective with rabbit reticulocyte hsp 70, less effective with bovine brain hsp 70, even less effective with human hsp 70, and ineffective with broad bean hsp 70.
Graphical unit block approach for complex PSA cycle scheduling of parallel interacting trains of columns and tanks

A simple, graphical, unit block approach for complex pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle scheduling has been developed for parallel interacting trains of PSA columns, possibly assisted by trains of tanks. For parallel interacting trains of PSA columns, this new methodology involves a priori specifying for each train the cycle steps, their sequence, and the number of beds, and then following a systematic procedure that requires filling in a 2-D grid for each of these coupled trains. For parallel interacting trains of PSA columns assisted by trains of tanks, a similar methodology has been developed; however, the number of tanks to include and their steps is an output from the methodology rather than an input to it. The reason for this is that tanks are inherently required when the coupling between steps is otherwise impossible or leads to the generation of undesirable idle steps. The overall outcome is a unit block for each train that can easily be extended to form its complete cycle schedule, thereby forming the grand cycle schedule of the coupled train–train or train-tank system. Three heuristics were also discovered about the minimum number of beds required to satisfy the number and types of steps in the cycle step sequence. These new methodologies and heuristics should be very useful for quickly scrutinizing different PSA cycle schedules for complex PSA processes comprising any number of parallel interacting trains of PSA columns, including the possibility of being assisted by one or more trains of tanks.
A linear two-layer model for flat-band shift in irradiated MOS devices

Abstract A close-form mathematical expression is derived for the flat-band shift as a function of gate bias during electron irradiation. The model assumes that the charge in the oxide consists of charged layers of variable thickness at each of the two interfaces, depending on voltage polarity and magnitude. The region of extreme linearity which has been observed by numerous investigators and which normally occurs for the relatively small values of gate bias voltages fits this closed-form solution. Analytical results compare favorably with data obtained from 500 and 700 A thick oxides and with other previously published data.
Demand characteristics and the behavioral avoidance measure of fear in behavior therapy analogue research

Subjects who had reported high fear of rats on a self-report measure and who had indicated their desire for treatment were administered a behavioral avoidance test under instructional orientations designed to vary situational demand characteristics. Subjects run under a condition in which the demand characteristics favored approach behaviors showed significantly more approach than did a group run under demand characteristics designed to dampen approach behaviors, and also differed significantly in frequency of performing the terminal behavior from subjects run under a traditional instructional orientation. Indeed, 100% of the subjects in the former condition performed the terminal behavior. Significant decreases in self-reported fear of rats following the test were observed in all groups, but these changes were not accompanied by attitudinal changes. Analyses of physiological and self-report measures of fear obtained during the test suggest that demand characteristics affect approach rather than avoidance motivation.
A Computational Investigation of the Interaction of Pulses in Two-Pulse Jets

Large-eddy simulations (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the interaction of the second pulse with the first pulse in a double-injection event are presented in this study. The opposing effects of the turbulence generated by the first pulse to accelerate mixing of the second pulse, and the residual bulk velocity from the first pulse to accelerate penetration of the second pulse are analyzed. The LES results show greater influence of the turbulence whereas the RANS results show greater influence of the bulk velocity.
Analysis of compression of frequency chirped optical pulses by a strongly dispersive grating pair.

An optical pulse compression medium formed by two parallel gratings can be strongly dispersive if the diffracted beam emerges at grazing angle from the surface of the first grating. Strong dispersion makes possible temporal compression of broad incident pulses. However, sufficiently strong dispersion is accompanied by a nonlinear variation of group delay with carrier frequency, which will cause the envelope of the compressed pulse to be distorted and limit the minimum attainable pulse width. Strong dispersion as a limiting influence upon compression of linearly chirped pulses is examined for the grating pair at several laser wavelengths. Specific examples are discussed for the compression of CO2 laser pulses at 10.6-μm wavelength.
Transient expression of GABA immunoreactivity in the developing rat spinal cord

The development of GABAergic neurons in the spinal cord of the rat has been investigated by immunocytochemical staining of frozen sections with anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antiserum. In the cervical cord, GABA-immunoreactive fibers first appeared at embryonic day (E) 13 in the presumptive white matter within the ventral commissure, ventral funiculus, and dorsal root entrance zone, and in the ventral roots. There were no GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies detected at this age. By E14, motoneurons, the earliest generated spinal cells, were the first cell population to become GABA-immunoreactive at the cell body level. Thereafter, GABA-immunoreactive neurons increased progressively in number and extended from ventral to dorsal regions. GABA-immunoreactive relay neurons within lamina I of the dorsal horn were initially detected at E17. Interneurons in the substantia gelatinosa, the latest generated cells in the spinal cord, were also the last to express the GABA immunoreactivity at E18. Immunoreactive neurons peaked in intensity and extent at E18 and 19. GABA immunoreactivity was only detectable in neurons within the intermediate and marginal zones 1-3 days after they withdrew from the cell cycle. This contrasts to glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity, which is detected in precursor cells in the ventricular zone prior to, or during, withdrawal from the cell cycle. Toward the end of gestation, GABA immunoreactivity declined in intensity and extent. This regression began in the ventral horn of the cervical region and ended in the dorsal horn of the lumbosacral region. During the first week after birth, immunoreactivity in motoneurons and in many other neurons within the ventral horn, intermediate gray, and deeper layers of the dorsal horn disappeared, and only in those neurons predominantly within the superficial layers of the dorsal horn did it persist into adulthood. Thus, the expression and regression of GABA immunoreactivity in the spinal cord followed ventral-to-dorsal, rostral-to-caudal, and medial-to-lateral gradients. These observations indicate that the majority of embryonic spinal neurons pass through a stage of transient expression of GABA immunoreactivity. The functional significance of this transient expression is unknown, but it coincides with the period of intense neurite growth of motoneurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons, and of neuromuscular junction formation, suggesting that the transient presence of GABA may play an important role in the differentiation of sensorimotor neuronal circuits.
Thin-film organic photovoltaics with double plasmonic nanostructures: The metal effect

Broadband light absorption enhancement is numerically investigated for double plasmonic nanostructures in thin-film organic photovoltaics (OPVs) using Ag, Al, and Au. A spectrally broadband, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle absorption enhancement in the organic layer is predicted.