cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Access to Digital Media: The Language Application Grid in the HTRC Data Capsule

The project "Workset Creation for Scholarly Analysis and Data Capsules" is building an infrastructure where researchers have access to text processing tools that can then be used on a copyrighted set of digital data. The infrastructure is built on (1) the HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) Data Capsule services that can be used to access the HathiTrust Digital Library and (2) the language processing services of the Language Application (LAPPS Grid). The main thrust of the work presented here is the integration of the LAPPS Grid workflow infrastructure with the secure data access computing environment provided by the Data Capsules.
Primary Care Physician Roles in Health Centers with Oral Health Care Units

Introduction: Integrating oral health care and primary care is a priority for improving population health. Primary care physicians (PCP) are filling expanded roles within oral health care to secure strong overall health for their patients. Methods: This comparative case study examines the roles of PCPs at 5 federally qualified health centers that have integrated oral health care and primary care. Administrative data were obtained directly from the Health Resources and Services Administration. Key informant interviews were performed with administrators and clinical care team members at each of the health centers. Data were reviewed by 2 experts in oral health to identify emerging roles for physicians. Results: PPCPs9 roles in health centers9 integration models vary, but 3 distinct roles emerged: (1) the physician as a champion, (2) the physician as a collaborator, and (3) the physician as a member of an interprofessional team. In addition, providing physicians with the necessary training to identify oral health issues was critical to preparing physicians to take on expanded roles in integrated health care delivery models. Conclusions: Regardless of the roles that they play, family physicians can contribute a great deal to the success of integration models.
The multi-entity decision graph decision ontology: A decision ontology for fusion support

Aiding decision-makers is a key function of a fusion system. In designing decision-aiding modules for fusion systems, it is necessary to understand the elements of the decision model and the dependencies that connect them. An ontology is a disciplined means to codify that understanding. Many fusion systems have a Bayesian Network (BN) component to support probabilistic reasoning under uncertainty. Decision graphs (DG) are an extension that adds decision aiding to BNs. Both BNs and DGs have limited logical expressivity, able to model propositions, but cannot directly model variable numbers of entities or variations in their attributes and relationships. This important capability is called first-order expressivity. Multi-Entity Bayesian Network (MEBN) was developed to provide first-order logic expressivity to BNs. We are developing Multi-Entity Decision Graph (MEDG) to do the same for decision graphs. We found that a decision ontology is useful to our efforts. The literature has a limited discussion of decision ontologies. Almost all focus on the entities and the entity hierarchy. But BNs and DGs emphasize relationships and the dependencies between relationships. The key for probabilistic first-order expressivity is to identify the relationships that enable dependencies between entity instances. We developed a MEDG Decision Ontology that highlights both the entities and key relationships that any decision model needs to address. It is designed to support decision model developers, including fusion model developers, in building comprehensive decision aiding capabilities.
Large feedback control design with limited plant information

Abstract A novel method is presented that provides a novel, large feedback design with adequate stability margins without a plant model. First, a PID controller is found using on-line tuning. Next, the closed-loop transient response of the PID system is used to define a bandwidth, and the PID compensator transfer function is used to determine the plant gain and heuristically estimate the plant slope at crossover. Then, these parameters are used to find the compensator. A prefilter is designed to improve transient response, and adjustments are suggested for plants possessing feedback-limiting dynamics. Analytical examples and experimental data illustrate the approach’s efficacy.
Psychosocial impact of endometriosis: From co-morbidity to intervention.

Endometriosis-associated pelvic pain is a major health concern in women of childbearing age. Controlled studies have shown that endometriosis can adversely affect women and their partners' general psychological well-being, relationship adjustment and overall quality of life. Furthermore, women with endometriosis report significantly more sexual dysfunctions compared to healthy women. Empirical studies indicate that specific psychosocial factors may modulate pain experience, pain-related distress and treatment outcome. Research on psychosexual interventions in endometriosis treatment is limited but shows to be effective in reducing endometriosis-related pain and associated psychosexual outcomes. An individualized, couple-centered, multimodal approach to care, integrating psychosexual and medical management for endometriosis, is thought to be optimal.
Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Fibromyalgia and in Concomitant Medical and Psychiatric Disorders: A National Veterans Health Administration Study

Abstract Background: Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood, chronically disabling pain syndrome. While research has focused on its clinical presentation and treatment, less is known about fibromyalgia's clinical epidemiology in real-world healthcare systems. Gender differences have been difficult to study because relatively few males are diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Methods: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia nationwide in FY 2012 were compared to Veterans with other pain diagnoses on sociodemographic characteristics, medical and psychiatric diagnoses, health service use, and opioid and psychotropic prescription fills. Additional analyses compared characteristics of men and women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Risk ratios and Cohen's d were used for bivariate comparisons, followed by logistic regression analyses to identify independent factors associated with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia in the VHA. Results: Altogether, 77,087 of 2,216,621 Veterans with pain diagnoses (3....
Campus-based sexual assault victim advocacy and Title IX: revisiting tensions between grassroots activism and the criminal justice system

The Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights’ (OCR) Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) reinvigorated the application of Title IX to campus sexual assault and changed the way campuses are handling...
Occupational hand infections.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hand and upper extremity infections is imperative because they have the potential to be life threatening and pose a risk of functional impairment. Serious infections may result in prolonged hospitalization and resultant loss of productivity. The mainstay of treatment continues to be antibiotic therapy, heat, elevation, adequate surgical drainage, and debridement. Prompt specialty consultation should be obtained in cases in which there is a doubt about the diagnosis or when there is failure to improve in the face of seemingly appropriate treatment.
Origin and differentiation of the female germ line

This chapter provides an overview of the origin and differentiation of the female germ line. The germ cells are often easy to recognize, standing out from the adjacent cells by virtue of their larger size and prominent nuclei. Even where the primordial germ-line stem cells have not been traced back to the very beginning of embryogenesis, they are reported in most cases to be established at least as early as gastrulation. The chapter presents the general aspects of the timing of oogenesis in the chordate life cycle, oogenesis in sea urchins, panoistic and meroistic insect oogenesis, the occurrence of lampbrush chromosomes and the duration of the lampbrush stage, and the synopsis of the temporal aspects of female germ-line differentiation.
Detecting the Correlation between Sentiment and User-level as well as Text-Level Meta-data from Benchmark Corpora

Do tweets from users with similar Twitter characteristics have similar sentiments? What meta-data features of tweets and users correlate with tweet sentiment? In this paper, we address these two questions by analyzing six popular benchmark datasets where tweets are annotated with sentiment labels. We consider user-level as well as tweet-level meta-data features, and identify patterns and correlations of these feature with the log-odds for sentiment classes. We further strengthen our analysis by replicating this set of experiments on recent tweets from users present in our datasets; finding that most of the patterns are consistent across our analysis. Finally, we use our identified meta-data features as features for a sentiment classification algorithm, which results in around 2% increase in F1 score for sentiment classification, compared to text-only classifiers, along with a significant drop in KL-divergence. These results have potential to improve sentiment analysis applications on social media data.
Signal Processing in the Transduction Mechanisms of Phototropism

Once a stimulus is perceived it produces a signal, chemical or physical in nature, that is processed within an organism and leads to a response. If a light stimulus produces an asymmetric signal with respect to the growth axis of an organism, a response of differential elongation results in re-orientation of the growth axis. This response is phototropism.
RhoC GTPase in Cancer Progression and Metastasis

RhoC GTPase is more than 90% homologous to RhoA GTPase and was thought to have functions redundant to RhoA. Evidence over the years has demonstrated that despite their high degree of homology, RhoA and RhoC have distinct functions within the cell. Specifically, RhoC GTPase appears to be associated with particularly aggressive cancers and metastasis leading to increased migration and invasion. Unlike RhoA, expression and activation of RhoC appears to be dispensable for normal development and function. These attributes make RhoC a particularly attractive prognostic marker and potential antimetastatic target.
Nutzenpotenziale der Blockchain-Technologie für die Assekuranz

Blockchain ist eine im Jahr 2009 erfundene Technologie, die dem Bitcoin‐Netzwerk zugrunde liegt und ihm Funktionalitat verleiht. Mithilfe von Blockchain sind jedoch auch vollig andere Anwendungen als reine Finanztransaktionen im Bitcoin‐Netzwerk denkbar.
Gaps in Ambulatory Patient Safety for Immunosuppressive Specialty Medications

Objectives New specialty drugs such as biologics are now available in record numbers, presenting increased safety risks for people with immune-mediated diseases. However, comprehensive assessments of patient safety for these drugs are lacking. We examined performance on key patient safety measures, such as screening for latent tuberculosis (LTBI), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), for new users of a broad group of specialty medications. Methods Data were extracted via electronic health record data warehouses of a large university health system using structured queries, and extensive chart review was performed to confirm measure elements. We included all new users of immunosuppressive specialty drugs between 2013 and 2017. We assessed screening for LTBI, HBV, and HCV from 12 months before through 60 days after medication initiation, and calculated performance on a composite measure that required screening for all three infections. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess differences in screening across specialties, adjusting for patient race, sex, age, and comorbidities. Results Among 2027 patients, the most common drugs prescribed were adalimumab (32%), etanercept (24%), infliximab (19%), and ustekinumab (9%). Overall, 62% of patients were screened for LTBI, 42% for HBV, and 33% for HCV. Only 26% of patients were screened appropriately for all three infections. Screening patterns differed significantly according to treating specialty. Conclusions We found gaps in ambulatory safety for patients treated with immunosuppressive specialty drugs for diverse inflammatory conditions across all relevant treating specialties. More robust safety protocols are urgently needed to prevent serious patient safety events in this high-risk population.
Cultural Adaptation of 2 Evidence-Based Alcohol Interventions for Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic Patients in Vietnam

In Vietnam where alcohol use is culturally normative and little treatment is available, persons living with HIV (PLWH) who consume alcohol at unhealthy levels are at greatly increased risk for negative health outcomes. We describe the first systematic adaptation of 2 evidence-based alcohol interventions for use in Vietnam: a combined motivational enhancement therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy and a brief alcohol intervention. Using the situated information, motivation and behavioral skills model, and systematic procedures for tailoring evidence-based treatments, we identified core intervention content to be preserved and key characteristics to be tailored for relevance to the clinical setting. We describe the use of in-depth interviews with antiretroviral treatment clients and providers, expert input, and counselor training procedures to develop tailored manuals for counselors and clients. Adapting evidence-based alcohol treatments for global settings is facilitated by the use of a model of behavior change and systematic procedures to operationalize the approach.
Depreciation, Other Expenses, and Business Profits

Publisher Summary Payroll and insurance are the major areas of business expenses. Depreciation is important because of its detailed mathematics. Expenses have their ultimate effect on a company's net profit or loss, that is, in determining whether a company survives or fails. A business firm owns many types of property or assets. Some assets are classified as tangible, that is, they are capable of being touched. Buildings, equipment, furniture, fixtures, and cars are tangible assets. Tangible assets are considered to have lives of their own, that is, they age. As they age, their value decreases. Accumulated depreciation is the total depreciation on an asset from its purchase to the time in question. To calculate depreciation, it is necessary to determine cost, life, and, in most cases, the salvage value. The simplest approach is to assume equal depreciation for every year, which is the straight-line method. A variation on the units-of-production method is the machine-hours method, in which depreciation is determined by the number of hours that a machine is expected to run.
The Raced–Space of Gentrification: “Reverse Blockbusting,” Home Selling, and Neighborhood Remake in North Nashville:

Proponents of gentrification often use some rendition of a “rising tide lifts all boats” justification when assessing the impact that gentrification has on original residents in a gentrifying area....
Measuring Rotational Dynamics with High Accuracy and Precision Using a Tri-spot Point Spread Function

Fluorescence microscopy is limited to measuring even-order moments of dipole orientation, thereby causing bias when estimating molecular rotational dynamics. We designed a Tri-spot PSF that measures rotational constraint accurately and precisely.
Engineering spin-valley physics in bilayers of MoSe 2

Spin-orbit interactions lead to a large spin splitting of the valence band maximum at K in ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ monolayer. However, on stacking a second layer of ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ in the same manner (2H) as found in the bulk, one finds that there is no net spin splitting. This has been attributed to the presence of inversion symmetry in the structures. An obvious route to making the bilayers useful for exploring the coupled spin and valley physics is through breaking inversion symmetry. We examined this by rotating the top layer by an angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ with respect to the lower layer. We find that, for some angles of rotation, the spin splitting vanishes, even though there is no inversion symmetry in these structures. In this work we demonstrate and explain a mechanism for a vanishing of the spin splitting in these systems and provide a route to determining the presence/absence of spin splitting at an arbitrary angle of rotation.
Optimal allocation of two-dimensional data (Extended abstract)

Efficient browsing and retrieval of geographically referenced information requires the allocation of data on different storage devices for concurrent retrieval. By dividing a two dimensional space into tiles, a system can allow users to specify regions of interest using a query rectangle and then retrieving all information related to tiles overlapping with the query. In this paper, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for strictly optimal allocations of two-dimensional data. These methods, when they exist, guarantee that for any query, the minimum number of tiles are assigned the same storage device, and hence ensures maximal retrieval concurrency.
Passing the Torch.

The expansion of college access, particularly since 1970, to individuals of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds and social class origins has raised a host of complex and important public policy issues. What are the implications for college graduation rates, labor market returns to the college degree, and generational mobility? These are the key questions addressed by Paul Attewell and David E. Lavin's groundbreaking book, Passing the Torch: Does Higher Education for the Disadvantaged Pay Off Across the Generations? Their highly accessible book paints a thoughtful picture of the multilayered mechanisms through which higher education serves as a lever for social mobility in the United States. The authors specifically focus on women from two longitudinal, multigenerational data sets a followup of students who entered the City University of New York (CUNY) in the wake of its controversial 1970 policy to expand access, known as open admissions, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which includes both high school students who transitioned to college and those who did not. The upsurge of college enrollments has been well documented, but the ensuing debates around the opening up of higher education have been contentious and, as the authors persuasively demonstrate, often lacking in relevant evidence. Enrollments at four-year colleges have increased twofold since 1970, and as one example, more than 80% of the high school class of 1992 had gone to college in the eight-year span since completing high school. Among poor and minority Americans, formerly excluded from the ranks of higher education, college typically means less selective and public colleges and universities. Meanwhile, the debates have centered on whether the phenomenon of mass higher education is essentially a proxy for mass failures (read: college dropouts), or, at best, a diluted college degree worth less in the labor market than in the past. As the authors write, mass higher education is regarded in some quarters as "conferring devalued degrees upon unworthy students" (p. 1). It is within this terrain of who completes a college degree, and the relative gains, if any, in the lives of the individual recipient and the recipient's children where Attewell and Lavin focus much of their analyses. The authors decide to focus on women, as these would be more likely to have custody of and general knowledge of their children, thus providing purchase to the
S100 Proteins, Cytokines, and Chemokines as Tear Biomarkers in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-associated Uveitis

Purpose: Biomarkers for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U) are needed. We aimed to measure inflammatory biomarkers in tears as a noninvasive method to identify biomarkers of u...
Abstract 1656: Quantifying task performance with photon-processing detectors

Purpose. To estimate task performance (e.g., the ability to correctly detect a small lesion in a normal tissue) when the imaging system uses a new class of detectors, called photon-processing detectors. Experimental Procedure. We simulated a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system in which multiple cameras image a 3D object from different angles. Each camera uses multiple measurements (e.g., photomultiplier tube outputs) to perform estimation of event parameters (or “attributes”) of each detected gamma-ray photon. Photon attributes, such as position, energy and direction of propagation, are stored at full precision. The likelihood ratio applied to photon-processing data is used to assess task performance for the detection of a signal buried in a random background. Statistical methods (including Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation) are used to calculate the performance of the likelihood ratio on this task. Results. Our results show an improvement with respect to conventional (i.e., pixelated) detectors when photon-processing detectors are used. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used to assess task performance, and we use this figure-of-merit to compare photon-processing detectors with conventional detectors. Conclusions. Increased performance is observed in the detection of a small lesion when photon-processing detectors are used instead of pixelated detectors. Applications that will benefit from photon-processing detectors include tumor diagnosis, drug development, therapy assessment and the study of tumor metabolism. Citation Format: Luca Caucci, Nicholas P. Henscheid, Harrison H. Barrett. Quantifying task performance with photon-processing detectors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1656.
Creation and maintenance of helix, a Web based database of medical genetics laboratories, to serve the needs of the genetics community.

Helix (healthlinks.washington.edu/helix) is a web accessible database that serves as the main U.S. directory of laboratories offering genetic testing. The database was designed to address the previously unmet need for a centralized, continuously updated source of information about clinical and research genetic testing to keep pace with the rapid rate of gene discovery resulting from the Human Genome Project. The Helix project began in 1992 at the University of Washington and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center. It has evolved from a single user stand alone relational database to a fully Web enabled database queried and maintained via the web and linked to other web accessible genomic databases. As of February, 1998 it lists more than 500 diseases and 290 laboratories, with over 5,200 registered users making approximately 250 queries/day (90% via the Internet). We describe the iterative design, implementation, population and assessment of the database over a six year period.
PKCε associates with the Kv3.4 channel to promote its expression in a kinase activity-dependent manner.

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.4 is a crucial regulator of nociceptive signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Moreover, Kv3.4 dysfunction has been linked to neuropathic pain. Although kinases and phosphatases can directly modulate Kv3.4 gating, the signaling mechanisms regulating the expression and stability of the Kv3.4 protein are generally unknown. We explored a potential role of PKCe and found an unexpected interaction that has a positive effect on Kv3.4 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed a physical association between PKCe and Kv3.4 in both heterologous cells and rat DRG neurons. Furthermore, in contrast to the wild-type and constitutively active forms of PKCe, expression of a catalytically inactive form of the enzyme inhibits Kv3.4 expression and membrane localization through a dominant negative effect. Co-expression of Kv3.4 with the wild-type, constitutively active, or catalytically inactive forms of PKCe had no significant effects on Kv3.4 gating. These results suggest that a novel physical interaction of the Kv3.4 channel with functional PKCe primarily determines its stability and localization in DRG neurons. This interaction is akin to those of previously identified accessory ion channel proteins, which could be significant in neural tissues where Kv3.4 regulates electrical signaling.
Do Commercially Available m-Health Apps for Asthma Meet Professional Guidelines and Patient Safety Standards?

Introduction: M-Health apps are ubiquitous, easy-to-use instruments and potentially excellent tools to help educate pediatric patients about asthma, compliance with medications, and the Asthma Action Plan. However, the vast majority of all m-Health apps are self-selected, without provider input or knowledge. Because most apps are developed without provider input, we hypothesized that most apps marketed for “Asthma” would lack adherence to practice guidelines and patient safety standards, which are essential in healthcare and could not be recommended for patient use. Methods: The m-health app evaluation tool …
Association of Depression with In-Patient and Post-Discharge Disposition and Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Resection for Cancer.

The impact of depression on utilization of post-discharge care and overall episode of care expenditures remains poorly defined. We sought to define the impact of depression on postoperative outcomes, including discharge disposition, as well as overall expenditures associated with the global episode of surgical care. The Medicare 100% Standard Analytic Files were used to identify patients undergoing resection for esophageal, colon, rectal, pancreatic, and liver cancer between 2013 and 2017. The impact of depression on inpatient outcomes, as well as home health care and skilled nursing facilities utilization and expenditures, was analyzed. Among 113,263 patients, 14,618 (12.9%) individuals had depression. Patients with depression were more likely to experience postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.42), extended length of stay (LOS) (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.36–1.47), readmission within 90 days (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14–1.25), as well as 90-day mortality (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.27–1.42) (all p < 0.05). In turn, the proportion of patients who achieved a textbook outcome following cancer surgery was lower among patients with depression (no depression: 53.3% vs. depression: 45.3%; OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.68–0.73). Patients with a preexisting diagnosis of depression had higher odds of additional post-discharge expenditures compared with individuals without a diagnosis of depression (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.35–1.50); patients with a preexisting diagnosis of depression ($10,500, IQR $3,200–$22,500) had higher median post-discharge expenditures versus patients without depression ($6600, IQR $2100–$17,400) (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, after controlling for other factors, depression remained associated with a 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.7–22.3%) increase in post-discharge expenditures. Patients with depression undergoing resection for cancer had worse in-patient outcomes and were less likely to achieve a TO. Patients with depression were more likely to require post-discharge care and had higher post-discharge expenditures.
A Qualitative Study of Young Women’s Abusive First Relationships: What Factors Shape their Process of Disclosure?

We qualitatively explored young women’s intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization within abusive first relationships (characterized by physical IPV, coercive control, and/or sexual IPV), and their disclosure process. We recruited a diverse sample (N = 21) from a university, a two-year college, and community sites serving low-income young women. We conducted retrospective, semi-structured interviews about their IPV experiences with their first boyfriends (M participant age when relationship started = 14.9 years old), and the factors that influenced their disclosure. We used grounded theory involving open, axial, and selective coding to analyze the role of social location; prior familial and extra-familial victimization; community, developmental, and situational factors; and stigmatization in shaping their experiences with IPV and disclosure. Four theoretical patterns emerged: 1) intimate terrorism, concomitant with the emergence of a quasi-parent-child dynamic between some participants and partners, and the role of these relationship characteristics in influencing disclosure, 2) key factors in those relationships marked by severe IPV but low fear, abuse minimization, and limited disclosure, 3) the role of IPV severity, type, and situational factors in distinguishing participants who sought help from law enforcement, and 4) how stigmatization, in concert with situational factors, shaped disclosure. Early IPV victimization is not uniformly experienced, and the disclosure process appears very complex and multi-determined. It is critical that we design IPV prevention and intervention approaches with this in mind, if we are to be effective in reaching an increasingly diverse generation of adolescents, facilitating their disclosure, and interrupting abuse.
Predicting Gag, Discomfort, and Laryngeal Visualization in Patients Undergoing Flexible Laryngoscopy with Stroboscopy.

Objective:To investigate potential associations between the Predictive Gagging Survey (PGS) with patient experience of gag and discomfort as well as provider perception of patient gag and level of ...
How Will Astronomy Archives Survive the Data Tsunami?: Astronomers are collecting more data than ever. What practices can keep them ahead of the flood?

Astronomy is already awash with data: currently 1 PB of public data is electronically accessible, and this volume is growing at 0.5 PB per year. The availability of this data has already transformed research in astronomy, and the STScI now reports that more papers are published with archived data sets than with newly acquired data. This growth in data size and anticipated usage will accelerate in the coming few years as new projects such as the LSST, ALMA, and SKA move into operation. These new projects will use much larger arrays of telescopes and detectors or much higher data acquisition rates than are now used. Projections indicate that by 2020, more than 60 PB of archived data will be accessible to astronomers.
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors and Weight Gain in Children and Youth With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the DC Cohort.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 38 children and youth with human immunodeficiency virus (aged 0-19 years) in the United States and report an increased rate of change of BMI-for-age z score after initiating integrase strand transfer inhibitors (+0.19 z score units/year [95% confidence interval, .01-.37]; P = .036) for a median follow-up of 527.5 days.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATELLAR INSTABILITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH BODY MASS INDEX GREATER THAN 30

Background:Recurrent patellar instability is a common condition often requiring surgical stabilization in adolescents. Obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2 in adults, has...
The role of carbon capture and storage in the race to carbon neutrality

Abstract Research and observable climate impacts point almost unequivocally to the need for a larger and faster climate mitigation effort that includes capturing and permanently storing CO2 both from large sources and from the atmosphere directly. Carbon capture and storage technologies are mature and available, with considerable real-world experience, but their deployment is still limited. We examine why this is so and suggest viable path forward.
In Defense of Mucosal Surfaces

The mucosal immune system defends the host against pathogens, most of which invade through mucosal surfaces. Antigen sampling in the mucosal immune system in the intestine occurs constantly in specialized inductive sites known as gut associated lymphoreticular tissue or GALT. Antigen-primed cells then migrate to effector sites in the gut lamina propria and epithelium as well as to other mucosal tissues. A variety of strategies are being pursued to develop effective oral vaccines that will protect mucosal surfaces. Some approaches involve recently identified mucosal adjuvants, the best known of which is cholera toxin. One approach is illustrated in which antigen and adjuvant are incorporated in the inner water phase of a water-in-oil-in-water or multiple emulsion, thus protecting antigen and delivering it into GALT.
Chapter 35 Market failures and second-best analysis with a focus on nutrition, credit, and incomplete markets

Abstract This chapter studies second-best models of nutritional externalities, credit, and incomplete markets for risk, developing implications for welfare-improving government policy using primitive economic building blocks. Using a simple model of altruism wherein the rich obtain utility from the nourishment of the poor, the analysis describes efficiency properties of alternative food subsidy policies, with and without enforcement costs of targeting subsidies to the poor. In three models of imperfect information in credit markets, the chapter characterizes equilibrium financial contracts and policy remedies to inefficiencies. Finally, welfare properties of stereotypical agricultural policies are developed in a stochastic production economy with incomplete markets.
Preliminary Study of Attention Control Modeling in Complex Skill Training Environments

In complex skill-training systems, trainees are required to master multiple skills in a limited time, which may produce a large mental workload. Increased workload often affects performance, and trainees may get distracted or overloaded during training. Attention control is a critical activity in time-sharing environments with automatic tasks, and psychologists found that better attention control strategies can develop through training. Even though attention management is a key skill has to be acquired, it has not been considered to assess as a user model content sufficiently. In this paper, we propose an approach for attention-control modeling by detecting regular behavioral patterns that potentially explain the interdependency between primary and subtask performance. We can detect trainees’ attention shift between tasks by interpreting the serial episodes of behaviors that have been uncovered. As a high attention needing training domain, we used Space Fortress game in which continuous input stream of ship maneuvering and intermittent event data are the source of the user model. We found the dependencies between these heterogeneous, multi-time streams and the point of attention shift. Domain experts or training coaches can infer the trainees’ attention-control skill based on the detected rules of pattern that help them to instruct desirable strategies to handle multi subtasks.
The DNA Binding and Activation Domains of Gal4p Are Sufficient for Conveying Its Regulatory Signals

The transcriptional activation function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae activator Gal4p is known to rely on a DNA binding activity at its amino terminus and an activation domain at its carboxy terminus. Although both domains are required for activation, truncated forms of Gal4p containing only these domains activate poorly in vivo. Also, mutations in an internal conserved region of Gal4p inactivate the protein, suggesting that this internal region has some function critical to the activity of Gal4p. We have addressed the question of what is the minimal form of Gal4 protein that can perform all of its known functions. A form with an internal deletion of the internal conserved domain of Gal4p is transcriptionally inactive, allowing selection for suppressors. All suppressors isolated were intragenic alterations that had further amino acid deletions (miniGAL4s). Characterization of the most active miniGal4 proteins demonstrated that they possess all of the known functions of full-length Gal4p, including glucose repression, galactose induction, response to deletions of gal11 or gal6, and interactions with other proteins such as Ga180p, Sug1p, and TATA binding protein. Analysis of the transcriptional activities, protein levels, and DNA binding abilities of these miniGal4ps and a series of defined internal mutants compared to those of the full-length Gal4p indicates that the DNA binding and activation domains are necessary and sufficient qualitatively for all of these known functions of Gal4p. Our observations imply that the internal region of Gal4 protein may serve as a spacer to augment transcription and/or may be involved in intramolecular or Gal4p-Gal4p interactions.
Seasonal and avian influenza knowledge base of attending physicians in a community-based hospital: a survey-based study.

Context Influenza remains a serious threat and is the most frequent cause of death from a vaccine-preventable disease. Physicians' understanding of influenza and its management and prevention can potentially reduce the spread of disease in the community. Objective To ascertain physicians' knowledge of the prevention, identification, and treatment of seasonal and avian influenza. Methods A 14-question survey regarding seasonal and avian influenza was distributed to emergency physicians at a medical staff meeting in 2005. Results The survey was given to 360 physicians, of whom 54 (15%) submitted completed surveys. Of the 51 physicians (94%) in favor of vaccines, only 32 (59%) received the influenza vaccine and only 21 (39%) always received the yearly vaccine. Eight physicians (15%) washed their hands before seeing patients, 18 (33%) washed their hands after seeing patients, 21 (39%) washed their hands before and after seeing patients, and 7 (13%) stated they only wash their hands sometimes. Seven (13%) always "alcohol" their stethoscope between patients; 28 (52%) responded "sometimes;" and 4 (7%), "never." When taking patient histories, 31 (58%) stated that they always or sometimes ask about travel history; 15 (28%) stated that they never ask about travel history. Thirty-six respondents (67%) would take oseltamivir phosphate if they had avian influenza. Conclusion This survey-based study reveals that physicians may lack information in the domains of influenza prevention, identification, and management. Emergency physicians must take the lead in the hospital to ensure that we as a profession are aware of emerging pathogens, how to recognize those pathogens and treat infected patients, and how to protect ourselves.
The molecular basis of potassium nutrition in plants

Over the last five years, the cloning and characterization of K+ transport genes corresponding to K+ channels (KAT1, AKT1, KST1, AKT2), associated subunits (KAB1) and a high-affinity transporter (HKT1) has opened up important new avenues for research on plant K+ nutrition. With the abundance of molecular data now available it seems timely to link this information with the wealth of data previously accumulated on the physiology of plant K+ acquisition. The ultimate goal of all this research is to gain a better understanding of K+ transport and nutrition in the intact plant. Thus it is important to begin to integrate the molecular research with results from biochemical and physiological research conducted at the cellular, root and whole plant levels. This article will focus on describing the features of the cloned K+ transporters and their possible roles in mediating high- and low-affinity K+ uptake from the soil, as well as how K+ acquisition may be regulated.
Chronology of the Galaxy.

Two well-established observational techniques for determining the age of the galaxy are discussed. The first is the determination of the ages of clusters of stars having a common origin. Special attention is given to the second technique in which use is made of the systematic nuclear properties of radioactive decay and of nucleosynthesis to determine the time of formation of the heavy elements that eventually condensed and formed the solar system and the duration of the process. A recent evaluation of radioactive decays indicates that synthesis of the heavy elements that were to condense into the solar system began about 13 billion years ago. The rate of increase in the concentrations of metals in observed star clusters, on the other hand, indicates that most of the heavy elements began to be synthesized between 20 and 15 billion years ago. It is speculated that extensive star formation began in the galaxy about 15 billion years ago. (P.C.H.)
The story of a monodisperse gold nanoparticle: Au25L18.

Au nanoparticles (NPs) with protecting organothiolate ligands and core diameters smaller than 2 nm are interesting materials because their size-dependent properties range from metal-like to molecule-like. This Account focuses on the most thoroughly investigated of these NPs, Au25L18. Future advances in nanocluster catalysis and electronic miniaturization and biological applications such as drug delivery will depend on a thorough understanding of nanoscale materials in which molecule-like characteristics appear. This Account tells the story of Au25L18 and its associated synthetic, structural, mass spectrometric, electron transfer, optical spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance results. We also reference other Au NP studies to introduce helpful synthetic and measurement tools. Historically, nanoparticle sizes have been described by their diameters. Recently, researchers have reported actual molecular formulas for very small NPs, which is chemically preferable to solely reporting their size. Au25L18 is a succe...
Reversible photochemically-genated pH changes in the thionine—iron system

Abstract The pH change generated by irradiating thionine—iron(II) solutions with visible light to the photostationary state has been measured in the pH range 1–2 and at two thionine concentrations. The small pH increases found are consistent with the assumed photoredox proton uptake stoichiometry with allowance for iron(III) hydrolysis.
Forecasting Oil Production in North Dakota Using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (S-ARIMA)

North Dakota’s oil production has been rapidly increasing during the past several years. The state’s oil production in March 2013 even increased to more than twice the quantity produced in March 2011, and the estimated Bakken Formation reserves were reported very large compared with those of the United Arab Emirates. It eventually makes a question to us of how much oil will be able to be actually extracted with currently available technologies. To answer this question, this paper forecasts future oil development trend in North Dakota using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (S-ARIMA) model. Nonstationarity derived from a stochastic trend and the abrupt structural change of oil industry was a big potential problem, but through the Quandt Likelihood Ratio test, we found break points, which allowed us to select a model fitting period suitable for the S-ARIMA method to provide accurate statistical inference for the historical period. The seven major oil producing counties were investigated to determine whether the current oil boom was consistent across all oil fields in North Dakota. Empirical estimates show that North Dakota’s oil production will be more than double in the next five years. What we can predict with great certainty is that North Dakota’s influence over domestic and global oil supply systems will increase in the near future, especially over the next five to six years. This is good news for those who are concerned about domestic energy security in the USA.
The histopathologic spectrum of psoriasis

Psoriasis is the prototype of a group of cutaneous disorders (psoriasiform dermatitides) that show psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia, defined as regular elongation of the rete ridges with preservation of the rete ridge-dermal papillae pattern. Depending on whether the lesion is early or resolving, psoriasiform epidermal changes may be subtle or prominent. Other histologic clues to the diagnosis of psoriasis include more dilated and tortuous papillary blood vessels, neutrophils within the epidermis associated with spongiosis (spongiform pustules), neutrophils beneath the cornified layer (subcorneal pustules), neutrophils within the cornified and parakeratotic horn, hypogranulosis, and more keratinocytic mitotic figures above the basal cell layer.
Effect of zatebradine on contractility, relaxation and coronary blood flow

AbstractObjectives. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of zatebradine on heart rate, contractility and relaxation with those of its structural analog verapamil. We used isoprotere...
Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors

Chemical sensors based on individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are demonstrated. Upon exposure to gaseous molecules such as NO 2 or NH 3 , the electrical resistance of a semiconducting SWNT is found to dramatically increase or decrease. This serves as the basis for nanotube molecular sensors. The nanotube sensors exhibit a fast response and a substantially higher sensitivity than that of existing solid-state sensors at room temperature. Sensor reversibility is achieved by slow recovery under ambient conditions or by heating to high temperatures. The interactions between molecular species and SWNTs and the mechanisms of molecular sensing with nanotube molecular wires are investigated.
The Hamiltonian in relativistic systems of interacting particles

The dynamics of a system of relativistically interacting particles is determined by a set of constraints, some combination of which has been frequently identified with the Hamiltonian. These constraints differ from the generators of the Poincare transformations, among whichp 0 generates translations along the time axis and hence is to be considered as the energy of the system. There are thus grounds for consideringP 0 as the appropriate Hamiltonian. In this paper we establish a close relationship between transformations generated by the constraints and those generated by the Poincare generators. In particular we find that the true Hamiltonian is a rather complicated but well-defined function ofp 0 and all the constraints. We show that the generators of the entire algebra of the Poincare group can be realized in such a fashion that the Hamiltonian is correctly included among them, and such that particle world lines in Minkowski space-time generated by this Hamiltonian transform correctly under the Poincare group.
Genetic Transformation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with the Gus Color Marker, the Bar Herbicide Resistance, and the Barley (Hordeum vulgare) HVA1 Drought Tolerance Genes

Five common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties including “Condor,” “Matterhorn,” “Sedona,” “Olathe,” and “Montcalm” were genetically transformed via the Biolistic bombardment of the apical shoot meristem primordium. Transgenes included gus color marker which visually confirmed transgenic events, the bar herbicide resistance selectable marker used for in vitro selection of transgenic cultures and which confirmed Liberty herbicide resistant plants, and the barley (Hordeum vulgare) late embryogenesis abundant protein (HVA1) which conferred drought tolerance with a corresponding increase in root length of transgenic plants. Research presented here might assist in production of better P. vulgaris germplasm.