cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving as a family affair: Applying the SOC model to older adults and their kinship networks

ABSTRACTIn cases where moves are voluntary, older adults may decide to move as a strategy to optimize their living experiences. Older adults may voluntarily move as a strategy to optimize their living experiences. We use the Baltes and Baltes (1990) model of selection, optimization with compensation (SOC) to understand the impact of moving on a family network. Extending the SOC model beyond individual analysis offers an innovative addition to the literature. Moving may serve to optimize one’s life by enriching one’s emotional and physical reserves, but relocation may also challenge the older adult and their kin with other demands and frustrations. While moving can be optimal in some ways, it is also important to consider how the act of moving may be exchanged for future emotional and instrumental support from spouses and kin. To complete this ethnographic project, the researcher conducted interviews, participant observation of the moving process (packing, garage sales, moving day, adjustment) and document...
Relationship Management Amidst OEM Demands for Supplier Price Cuts: A Cross-Industry Study

Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) often seek price cuts from their suppliers through an adversarial approach. At the same time, other OEMs have adopted a cooperative approach based on the belief that adversarial tactics will damage the possibility of good supplier–OEM working relationship. While price cuts can obviously improve OEM profitability in certain situations, researchers have also recognized the competitive advantages that can be gained through cooperation with suppliers. This research seeks to find out whether supplier–OEM relationships are adversely affected by OEM demand for price cuts. It seeks to find out whether demands for price concessions can coexist with good supplier–OEM relationships. A research model incorporating relationship constructs as well as a construct representing price pressure and another representing overall relations between the OEM and its supplier is tested using data collected from suppliers in three different industries. Structural equation modeling and analysis lead to the conclusion that price pressure can coexist with good relationships as long as OEMs and their suppliers take the managerial actions required for the maintenance of good working relationships. The general pattern of relationships among the research constructs was found to be substantially similar in the three industries, although cross-industry differences were observed.
Molecular Alignment in the Photoisomerization of Stilbene

The isomerization of stilbene has been studied extensively as a model for intramolecular rearrangement. With the advent of subpicosecond lasers, measurements on cis-stilbene have become possible [1–3].
Dental Care And Medicare Beneficiaries: Access Gaps, Cost Burdens, And Policy Options

Despite the wealth of evidence that oral health is related to physical health, Medicare explicitly excludes dental care from coverage, leaving beneficiaries at risk for tooth decay and periodontal disease and exposed to high out-of-pocket spending. To profile these risks, we examined access to dental care across income groups and types of insurance coverage in 2012. High-income beneficiaries were almost three times as likely to have received dental care in the previous twelve months, compared to low-income beneficiaries—74 percent of whom received no dental care. We also describe two illustrative policies that would expand access, in part by providing income-related subsidies. One would offer a voluntary, premium-financed benefit similar to those offered by Part D prescription drug plans, with an estimated premium of $29 per month. The other would cover basic dental care in core Medicare Part B benefits, financed in part by premiums ($7 or $15 per month, depending on whether premiums covered 25 percent or...
Reversible Parkinson-Like Symptoms in Patient with Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematomas and Cervical Spinal Stenosis

Background Gait abnormalities have been seen in patients with Parkinson disease or Parkinson-like (P-L) disorders and cervical spinal stenosis. Acute presentation of P-L symptoms has been reported in 24 cases caused by chronic subdural hematomas with 11 cases due to bilateral chronic subdural hematomas. When a patient also presents with cervical spinal stenosis, the correct therapeutic decision between P-L disorders and myelopathy is challenging. Case Description An 80-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of weakness in his left leg. A few days before presentation, his gait had deteriorated quite dramatically. Neurologic examination showed mild leg weakness, hyperreflexia, and a gait that was slow and wide based, at times festinating but with relatively spared arm movement. He also had masked facial features with increased tone in his extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed cervical stenosis at C5-6, and computed tomography of the head showed large bilateral subdural hematomas. The subdural hematomas were drained. Immediate improvement in his symptoms was observed with complete resolution by his third month of follow-up. The patient never had a history of Parkinson disease. Conclusions This paper reports for the first time a patient who presented with acute P-L symptoms and cervical myelopathy with findings of both bilateral chronic subdural hematomas and cervical spinal stenosis. The decision to drain the subdural hematoma in our case resulted in full recovery of the patient's gait and other extrapyramidal symptoms. This paper reviews the literature on reversible P-L symptoms caused by bilateral chronic subdural hematomas.
Erratum for Sivan et al., "Identification of Restriction Factors by Human Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screening of Viral Host Range Mutants Exemplified by Discovery of SAMD9 and WDR6 as Inhibitors of the Vaccinia Virus K1L - C7L - Mutant"

Volume 6, no 4, e01122-15, 2016, [https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01122-15][1]. In the Results section (PDF page 3), we mistakenly duplicated the DAPI panel of siSAMD9\_1 in siSAMD9\_3 in Fig. 1C. The incorrect panel has now been replaced with the correct one. The error has no impact on any of the
A thermally regenerative ammonia battery with carbon-silver electrodes for converting low-grade waste heat to electricity

Abstract Thermally regenerative ammonia batteries (TRABs) have shown great promise as a method to convert low-grade waste heat into electrical power, with power densities an order of magnitude higher than other approaches. However, previous TRABs based on copper electrodes suffered from unbalanced anode dissolution and cathode deposition rates during discharging cycles, limiting practical applications. To produce a TRAB with stable and reversible electrode reactions over many cycles, inert carbon electrodes were used with silver salts. In continuous flow tests, power production was stable over 100 discharging cycles, demonstrating excellent reversibility. Power densities were 23 W m−2-electrode area in batch tests, which was 64% higher than that produced in parallel tests using copper electrodes, and 30 W m−2 (net energy density of 490 Wh m−3-anolyte) in continuous flow tests. While this battery requires the use a precious metal, an initial economic analysis of the system showed that the cost of the materials relative to energy production was $220 per MWh, which is competitive with energy production from other non-fossil fuel sources. A substantial reduction in costs could be obtained by developing less expensive anion exchange membranes.
The quality of visual information about the lower extremities influences visuomotor coordination during virtual obstacle negotiation

Here we demonstrate that visual information about the lower extremities is utilized for precise foot placement and control of safety margins during obstacle negotiation. We also found that when a v...
Fluorescence Transients in Neurobiology: Applications of Voltage Sensitive and Ion Indicator Dyes

The use of time resolved fluorescence techniques in physiology has experienced a resurgence in recent years as a consequence of the synthesis of new indicator dyes responsive to interesting physiological parameters and the improvement of sophisticated computer-based imaging devices. The combination of these two developments has allowed physiologists to follow specific biological events in individual cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. This gives a global view of physiological events instead of the parochial perspective usually achieved with single site recording devices.
Challenges and opportunities in the analysis of raffinose oligosaccharides, pentosans, phytate, and glucosinolates

In this paper, the status of the analytical technologies for assaying animal antinutritional compounds, such as raffinose oligosaccharides, pentosans, phytic acid, and glucosinolates, is reviewed in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and sample throughput. The implementation of simplified sample preparation schemes, use of novel separation approaches, and alternate detector technologies are discussed. The challenges and opportunities posed by these assays are highlighted along with the recommendations for best analytical practices.
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Ileocystoplasty: Our Technique

Augmentation ileocystoplasty for neurogenic bladder is a promising surgical option in patients with neurogenic bladder. The procedure has truly evolved since its first description in 1889 and has been a gold standard for treatment of neurogenic bladder.
Studies on the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (with some related observations regarding therapy).

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the studies on the pathogenesis of Graves' opthalmopathy. The ophthalmopathy associated with thyroid disease has constituted a diagnostic and therapeutic enigma for physicians for more than a century. Most often, the condition is associated with thyroid hyperfunction accompanying diffuse goiter Graves' disease, but the severity of the eye disease often neither parallel the degree of clinical toxicity nor laboratory parameters of thyroid function. Thus, some patients with severe thyrotoxicosis appear to have no eye involvement clinically, while in others, ophthalmopathy develops or worsens while the patient is in a euthyroid state. The clinical manifestations of ophthalmopathy offer additional puzzling variations. The manifestation may be unilateral, bilateral, symmetrical, or asymmetrical. Occasionally, a unilateral ophthalmopathy precedes later bilateral involvement. Accompanying ophthalmic symptoms may include excessive lacrimation, photophobia, burning, gritty or pulling sensations, diplopia, pain because of corneal abrasion, and loss of visual acuity. In cases with diplopia, the eye muscles lying at the bottom of the orbit, that is, the inferior rectus and inferior oblique tend to be preferentially affected, and the associated muscle dysfunction causes downward rotation of the globe or inability to rotate the eyes upward and upward-outward.
Advances in Computational Methods for Phylogenetic Networks in the Presence of Hybridization

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to allow for modeling reticulate evolutionary processes such as hybridization. They take the shape of a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, and when parameterized with evolutionary parameters, such as divergence times and population sizes, they form a generative process of molecular sequence evolution. Early work on computational methods for phylogenetic network inference focused exclusively on reticulations and sought networks with the fewest number of reticulations to fit the data. As processes such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) could be at play concurrently with hybridization, work in the last decade has shifted to computational approaches for phylogenetic network inference in the presence of ILS. In such a short period, significant advances have been made on developing and implementing such computational approaches. In particular, parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods have been devised for estimating phylogenetic networks and associated parameters using estimated gene trees as data. Use of those inference methods has been augmented with statistical tests for specific hypotheses of hybridization, like the D-statistic. Most recently, Bayesian approaches for inferring phylogenetic networks directly from sequence data were developed and implemented. In this chapter, we survey such advances and discuss model assumptions as well as methods’ strengths and limitations. We also discuss parallel efforts in the population genetics community aimed at inferring similar structures. Finally, we highlight major directions for future research in this area.
Evaluation of self-report adherence measures and their associations with detectable viral load among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.

Objectives Self-report antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence has been consistently associated with clinical outcomes. This study aims to compare the accuracy of self-report ART adherence measures with varying recall timeframes or item contents to predict virological response. Methods Data from a cross-sectional study among 2146 participants on ART in Guangxi, China were used. Detectable viral load was defined as viral load > 50 copies/ml. Adherence was measured using the number of days on which all doses were taken in the past month (i.e., the "one-month days taken" measure), the number of days on which any dose was missed in the past month (i.e., the "one-month days missed" measure), missed doses over the past 3 days, and missed days over the past weekend. Each adherence measure was dichotomized at an empirically determined cut-off to determine poor vs. good adherence. Accuracy of using each dichotomized adherence measure to predict detectable viral load was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Logistic regressions were used to calculate the association between poor adherence and detectable viral load. Results All four measures had sensitivity below 10.0%, specificity above 90.0%, and AUROC slightly above 0.50. In univariate logistic regression, detectable viral load was statistically significantly associated with poor adherence determined by the one-month days taken measure (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.15-3.42), the 3-day measure (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.10-4.34), and the weekend measure (OR = 2.86, 95% CI 1. 54-5.34). After adjusting for covariates, statistically significant association persisted only for the weekend measure (OR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99). Conclusions Adherence measures asking about days on which all doses were taken might work better than items asking about days on which respondents missed their doses, and weekend measures should be included to comprehensively capture adherence behaviors. Further studies looking at intermediate timeframes are also needed to capture patients' dose-missing patterns that may better predict detectable viral load.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALUMINO-CALCIUM-PHOSPHOROUS OXIDE (ALCAP) CERAMIC CEMENTS

Non-resorbable cements composed of calcium aluminofluorosilicate glass powders and polymers of polycarboxylic acids have been used as bandages and splints, for joining two bones and for attaching a device to bone. A relatively quick setting biodegradable ceramic cement is needed to repair such bone defects. An ALCAP cement would be ideal for replacing lost bone. Seventeen different setting materials were tested to develop an ALCAP cement. Setting materials tested with ALCAP were: fructose, sucrose, bovine serum albumin, blood, Carbopol, polyvinylpyrollidone, Hespan, orthophosphoric acid and monomers of low molecular weight carboxylic acids. Mixtures of ALCAP and monomers of low molecular weight polyfunctional carboxylic acids yielded the most efficient cements. By varying the acids and/or combining two different acids, setting times from 30 seconds to eight minutes were obtained for hard-setting ALCAP-low molecular weight carboxylic acid cements. These ALCAP-acid cements have been used successfully to repair experimentally traumatized bone.
Contemporary Management of Mandibular Resection-Related Nerve Injury

Trigeminal nerve sensory disturbance can result from trauma or pathology. The discomfort or pain due to sensory disturbance can be debilitating such that they cause great distress and affect the quality of life of the patients. Outcomes of nerve injury and recovery of normal function depend upon the age of the patient, the severity and type of injury, the injury time to surgical repair, the anatomy and alignment of the nerve fascicles, the method of surgical repair, and the surgical skills of the surgeon. End-to-end nerve coaptation remains the gold standard. However, in pathological conditions that require mandibular resection, the nerve is transected with a gap, and direct primary nerve repair may not be possible without putting undue tension at the site of repair. Such instances necessitate surgical repair with graft to establish continuity and function. In this chapter we will focus on surgical techniques and principles of nerve grafts for the inferior alveolar nerve.
Sleep-Related Disorders Associated with Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is chronic inflammatory pruritic skin disorder, affecting both children and adults. Patients with atopic dermatitis often experience sleep disturbance, especially during flares of their skin disease. Sleep disturbances in atopic dermatitis range from difficulty falling asleep, shorter sleep duration, nighttime awakenings, and daytime sleepiness and fatigue. In addition, atopic dermatitis has also been associated with parasomnias and sleep-related breathing disorders. In children with atopic dermatitis, sleep disturbance may extend from the child to adult caregiver. The effects of sleep disruption in this setting are widespread including increased risk of mood disorders, impaired ability to perform activities of daily living, and decreased quality of life.
The (Complex) Relationship between Experience and Decisions to Source from Offshore Providers

We examine whether prior offshoring experience relates to future sourcing location decisions and the factors differentiating the decisions of managers at firms with more or less experience. Analyzi...
Strong Evidence for an Intraspecific Metabolic Scaling Coefficient Near 0.89 in Fish.

As an example of applying the evidential approach to statistical inference, we address one of the longest standing controversies in ecology, the evidence for, or against, a universal metabolic scaling relationship between metabolic rate and body mass. Using fish as our study taxa, we curated 25 studies with measurements of standard metabolic rate, temperature, and mass, with 55 independent trials and across 16 fish species and confronted this data with flexible random effects models. To quantify the body mass – metabolic rate relationship, we perform model selection using the Schwarz Information Criteria (SIC), an established evidence function. Further, we formulate and justify the use of SIC intervals to delineate the values of the metabolic scaling relationship that should be retained for further consideration. We found strong evidence for a metabolic scaling coefficient of 0.89 with a SIC interval spanning 0.81 to 0.99, implying that mechanistically derived coefficients of 0.67, 0.75, and 1, are not supported by the data. Model selection supports the use of a random intercepts and random slopes by species, consistent with the idea that other factors, such as taxonomy or ecological or lifestyle characteristics, may be critical for discerning the underlying process giving rise to the data. The evidentialist framework applied here, allows for further refinement given additional data and more complex models.
Seshu nu per ānkh : The Ancient Kemetian Genesis of Digital Communication

Employing Africancentric Methodology (i.e., the systematic inquiry of knowledge as a commonality of cultural traits among the diverse peoples of Africa which characterize and constitute a worldly perspective that is somehow distinct from that of the foreign world views that have influenced African peoples), this chapter aims to fill a major gap in the study of digital communication. It does so by discussing the Ancient Kemetian/Egyptian genesis of the technology (i.e., the exchange of information in signal or symbolic form), how it is being used today, and how it can be advanced. The chapter reveals that the genesis of digital communication was Ancient Kemet, a verity that will come as a huge surprise to those who think that the technology is a recent invention. In fact, it was the Ancient Kemetians and other Africans who invented the number zero (0) and the binary code, without which the binary digit system on which modern computing is based would not have been possible. But, quite perplexing is that universities in today’s Egypt which should be exploring, teaching, and advancing this technology are too caught up into promoting Eurocentric digital communication technology to do so.
Let's Not Throw the Baby Out with the Bath Water – Keep the ABSITE a Numerically Scored Exam

The American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) is a low-stakes, validated, objective measure of the medical knowledge of our surgical residents and is an important predictor of ABS Qualifying Exam (QE) passage. It was never intended to serve as a global assessment of resident performance or aptitude, to assess any competency other than medical knowledge, or to serve as the sole criterion by which to judge resident promotion to the next PGY level. Though the scoring of the ABSITE and the use of the exam by some PDs and fellowship directors may be imperfect, let's not throw the baby out with the bath water and destroy the utility of the ABSITE by changing its grading to pass/fail. Rather, let's set rigorous, high standards for our residents in preparation for the ABSITE, as well as for PDs and fellowship directors in the proper interpretation of the ABSITE as a formative assessment of resident knowledge progression as opposed to a high-stakes summative exam.
Experimental Evaluation of Grid-Forming Inverters Under Unbalanced and Fault Conditions

With inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) becoming more prevalent in grid-connected or islanded distribution feeders, a better understanding of the performance of these devices is needed. Increasing the amount of inverter-based generation, and therefore reducing conventional generation, i.e. rotating machines and synchronous generators, decreases generation sources with well-known characteristic responses for unbalanced and transient fault conditions. This paper experimentally tests the performance of commercial grid-forming inverters under fault and unbalanced conditions and provides a comparison between grid-forming inverters and their grid-following counterparts.
Session details: Verification

The technical column on verification presents an invited contribution by Darren Cofer (Rockwell Collins Advanced Technology Center) titled "You Keep Using That Word" in this issue of the SIGLOG newsletter. The "Word" refers to certification of software for commercial aircraft. Papers on formal methods and other software verification techniques often use the need to verify safety critical software as motivation for the work. The certifying authority in the US for commercial airline software is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which recently released DO-178B titled Software considerations in airborne systems and equipment certification---an official guideline for certifying avionics software. The article provides an overview of the DO- 178B document and the accompanying Formal Methods Supplement DO-333, which lay out the conditions under which tools based on formal methods can be leveraged to certify avionics software. This article provides an introduction to these documents for the formal methods audience, which I believe to be extremely timely.
Roles of Bak and Sirt3 in Paraquat-Induced Cochlear Hair Cell Damage.

Paraquat, a superoxide generator, can damage the cochlea causing an ototoxic hearing loss. The purpose of the study was to determine if deletion of Bak, a pro-apoptotic gene, would reduce paraquat ototoxicity or if deletion of Sirt3, which delays age-related hearing loss under caloric restriction, would increase paraquat ototoxicity. We tested these two hypotheses by treating postnatal day 3 cochlear cultures from Bak±, Bak−/−, Sirt3±, Sirt3−/−, and WT mice with paraquat and compared the results to a standard rat model of paraquat ototoxicity. Paraquat damaged nerve fibers and dose-dependently destroyed rat outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs). Rat hair cell loss began in the base of the cochlea with a 10 μM dose and as the dose increased from 50 to 500 μM, the hair cell loss increased near the base of the cochlea and spread toward the apex of the cochlea. Rat OHC losses were consistently greater than IHC losses. Unexpectedly, in all mouse genotypes, paraquat-induced hair cell lesions were maximal near the apex of the cochlea and minimal near the base. This unusual damage gradient is opposite to that seen in paraquat-treated rats and in mice and rats treated with other ototoxic drugs. However, paraquat always induced greater OHC loss than IHC loss in all mouse strains. Contrary to our hypothesis, Bak deficient mice were more vulnerable to paraquat ototoxicity than WT mice (Bak−/− > Bak± > WT), suggesting that Bak plays a protective role against hair cell stress. Also, contrary to expectation, Sirt3-deficient mice did not differ significantly from WT mice, possibly due to the fact that Sirt3 was not experimentally upregulated in Sirt3-expressing mice prior to paraquat treatment. Our results show for the first time a gradient of ototoxic damage in mice that is greater in the apex than the base of the cochlea.
Transcriptional Alterations in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Implicate Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Remodeling in Opioid Use Disorder.

Abstract Background Prevalence rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased dramatically, accompanied by a surge of overdose deaths. While opioid dependence has been extensively studied in preclinical models, an understanding of the biological alterations that occur in the brains of people who chronically use opioids and who are diagnosed with OUD remains limited. To address this limitation, RNA sequencing was conducted on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, regions heavily implicated in OUD, from postmortem brains in subjects with OUD. Methods We performed RNA sequencing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens from unaffected comparison subjects (n = 20) and subjects diagnosed with OUD (n = 20). Our transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed transcripts and investigated the transcriptional coherence between brain regions using rank-rank hypergeometric orderlap. Weighted gene coexpression analyses identified OUD-specific modules and gene networks. Integrative analyses between differentially expressed transcripts and genome-wide association study datasets using linkage disequilibrium scores assessed the genetic liability of psychiatric-related phenotypes in OUD. Results Rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analyses revealed extensive overlap in transcripts between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. Identified transcripts were enriched for factors that control proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Cell-type deconvolution implicated a role for microglia as a potential driver for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Linkage disequilibrium score analysis suggested genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression in subjects with OUD. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest connections between the brain’s immune system and opioid dependence in the human brain.
“I Love Tater Tot Casserole, I Just Make It Vegan”: Applying the Communication Theory of Identity to Examine Vegans’ Identity Management Techniques

This qualitative analysis reflects 40 interviews that were conducted with vegans residing throughout the United States. The communication theory of identity was used as a guiding framework to exami...
Reading about geography and race in the rural rustbelt: Mobilizing dis/affiliation as a practice of whiteness

Abstract This paper examines what happens when White women elementary school teachers read and discuss negative media focused on the community in which they live and work during a time of heightened geographic and racial divisions in the United States following the election of President Trump. This mediated discourse analysis, drawn from a broader postcritical ethnographic study, explores the implications of geography and race when teachers discuss media specifically about the place in which they live and/or work. Findings indicate that emotion and discursive practices of Whiteness are mobilized through dis/affiliation when mediated by such texts.
Research on Imaging Method of Power System Grounding Grid Based on Scattering Principle

Aiming at the problems of corrosion and defect detection of grounding grid in power system, an intelligent imaging method of pulse electromagnetic inverse scattering is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the difference of electrical parameters between grounding grid equipment and surrounding soil medium, the electrical parameter amplitude image reconstruction of substation equipment grounding system is realized, and then the fault or defect of grounding grid is reflected by electrical parameter anomaly. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the basic theory of intelligent imaging detection of grounding grid based on scattering principle, then designs and develops the intelligent detection system of grounding grid state, and carries out the numerical experiment and the test experiment of grounding grid samples. Finally, combined with narrow pulse emission, electromagnetic detection, multiple coverage detection and other technologies, according to the requirements of shallow detection and imaging resolution of grounding grid, the intelligent detection method of grounding grid is studied.
Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analyses Identify STK11IP as a Lysosome-Specific Substrate of mTORC1 that Regulates Lysosomal Acidification

The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mTORC1 is a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation. mTORC1 is activated on the lysosome surface. However, once mTORC1 is activated, it is unclear whether mTORC1 phosphorylates local lysosomal proteins to regulate specific aspects of lysosomal biology. Through cross-reference analyses of lysosome proteomic with mTORC1-regulated phosphoproteomic, we identified STK11IP as a novel lysosome-specific substrate of mTORC1. mTORC1 directly phosphorylates STK11IP at S404. Knockout of STK11IP led to a robust increase of autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagy flux. Dephosphorylation of STK11IP at S404 represses the role of STK11IP as an autophagy inhibitor. Mechanistically, STK11IP binds to V-ATPase, and regulates the activity of V-ATPase. Knockout of STK11IP protects mice from fasting and Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet (MCD) diet induced fatty liver. Thus, our study demonstrates that STK11IP phosphorylation represents a novel mechanism for mTORC1 to regulate lysosomal acidification, and points to STK11IP as a promising therapeutic target for the amelioration of diseases with aberrant autophagy signaling.
How Is Scaphoid Malunion Defined: A Systematic Review.

Background:Abnormal scaphoid alignment after fracture is used as an indication for fixation. Acceptable alignment after reduction and fixation of scaphoid fractures is not well defined. We systemat...
Advances in adenotonsillar microbiome

腺样体和扁桃体疾病在儿科人群中具有很高的发病率。腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎（OME）有关，扁桃体肥大与复发性扁桃体炎（recurrent tonsillitis，RT）和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）有关。腺样体和扁桃体菌群在上呼吸道各种感染性和非感染性疾病的发生发展中有重要作用。以往对腺样体和扁桃体菌群多样性的分析主要是基于培养，因此不能提供完整的微生物多样性评估。不依赖培养的基于16S核糖体RNA编码基因（16S rDNA）的高通量测序技术近年来被用于确定腺样体和扁桃体表面和组织内的微生物群，使人们能够更深入地认识腺样体和扁桃体菌群。本文介绍了测定腺样体和扁桃体菌群的技术，并总结了应用这些技术的相关研究结果。.
The impact of Government-mandated shared decision-making for implantable defibrillators: A natural experiment

Background In 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) mandated that patients considering implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death undergo shared decision-making (SDM) using a decision-aid. Objective To observe the impact of the CMS's mandate on core measures of SDM using a natural experiment. Research design, subjects, and measures Patients who underwent implantation of a primary prevention ICD within the Emory Healthcare system between 2017-2019 (pre and post SDM mandate) were surveyed. Survey domains included knowledge about the ICD, decisional conflict, values-choice concordance, and engagement in decision-making. Patients who had an ICD implant after the mandate were also asked about their views of the decision aid. Responses of patients who had ICD implanted prior to the mandate were compared to those after the mandate using either student's t-test or chi-squared tests. Results Of 101 patients who completed the survey, 45 had an ICD placed before the mandate and 56 had an ICD placed after. There were no major differences between knowledge, decisional conflict, values choice concordance, or patient engagement. Compared to patients with ICDs placed before the mandate, patients with ICDs after the mandate were more likely to subjectively feel more informed about the benefits of the procedure but were less likely to be able to correctly identify the frequency of complications. Conclusions Policy effects to promote SDM that solely focus on a decision-aid may not substantively impact patient centered care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Area Method and Proving Plane Geometry Theorems

The process of proving, deriving and discovering theorems is important in mathematics investigation. In this paper, we will use the elimination technique which is based on the theory of the area method. The main idea of this method will be illustrated through an example from plane geometry. In addition, we look at the application possibilities of using GCLC geometry system with built-in theorem prover in verification and proving constructive geometric statements.
Using graphical user interface capabilities of MATLAB in advanced electrical engineering courses

The benefits of using computer aided design packages such as MATLAB, MATRIX/sub x/, Control C, SIMNON, etc. have been long realized and reported. We discuss the use of graphical user interface (GUI) capabilities of MATLAB. GUIs offer a visual approach to solving specific problems. They can also add a "what-if" feature to a problem by providing capabilities of changing the problem parameters and presenting the effects by graphical means. This feature can further enhance the discussion of a problem in a classroom environment, and also help a researcher to further investigate the effects of different parameters and their interaction in a complex problem. For illustration purposes, four examples have been considered. The first two are classical optimal control problems and the last one is an advanced nonlinear system problem. General procedures for building a GUI solution is also discussed.
Measuring application error rates for network processors

Faults in computer systems can occur due to a variety of reasons. In many systems, an error has a binary effect, i.e. the output is either correct or it is incorrect. However, networking applications exhibit different properties. For example, although a portion of the code behaves incorrectly due to a fault, the application can still work correctly. Integrity of a network system is often unchanged during faults. Therefore, measuring the effects of faults on the network processor applications require new measurement metrics to be developed. In this paper, we highlight essential application properties and data structures that can be used to measure the error behavior of network processors. Using these metrics, we study the error behavior of seven representative networking applications under different cache access fault probabilities.
Moments for strong solutions of the 2D stochastic Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded domain

We address a question posed by Glatt-Holtz and Ziane in [GHZ09, Remark 2.1 (ii)], regarding moments of strong pathwise solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional bounded domain O. We prove that Eφ(‖u(t)‖2H1(O)) 0, where φ(x) = log(1 + log(1 + x)). Such moment bounds may be used to study statistical properties of the long time behavior of the equation. In addition, we obtain algebraic moment bounds on compact subdomains O0 of the form Eφe(‖u(t)‖2H1(O0)) 0 and any e > 0.
Simulation for risk assessment of diode single event burnout

High voltage Schottky diodes, often used in DC-to-DC converters are susceptible to single event burnout (SEB) due to energetic particle strike, posing a concern for their use in space components. Prior to recent test reports, diode SEB had not been considered a risk to space programs despite the phenomenon having been studied in high power terrestrial PN diodes in the 1990s. Schottky diodes have been engineered to prevent premature breakdown under high reverse bias voltage and minimize leakage currents at the edge of the contact electrode. Graded passivation structures, p+ doped guard rings, and a metallization field plate and thick field oxide help to mitigate failures due to the high electric fields resulting from sharp edge effects at the contact electrode. Recent heavy ion strike data indicates a tendency to failure along the guard ring structure and an effective drop in failure rate of two orders of magnitude has been observed after protective masking of the diode edge that includes this area. Due to the lack of comprehensive test data and understanding of the exact physics of failure, SEB in Schottky diodes has an uncertain impact on reliability. Existing space contractor derating guidelines may already be sufficient to mitigate this failure but with an uncertain margin that could further depend on the diode type, design, and implementation. We investigate the observed preferential SEB through physics-based computer modeling using Silvaco TCAD. We perform transient electro-thermal simulations on three-dimensional structures derived from destructive physical analysis (DPA) of failed diodes and failure sites. This effort should better the understanding of the risk of diode SEB by coupling numerical modeling with direct observations of failure.
Another Dash into the Record Books (wind: -2.1 m/s)

In the wake of numerous injuries and Donovan Bailey's media-stamped "sub-par" 100m victory of 10.03s at the 1997 Canadian Track and Field Championships, a medal hope at the 1997 World Championships seems grim for the Olympic Champion and World Record holder. However, when one considers that the 10.03s was run into a hefty head-wind (-2.1 m/s), a simple correction for this effect can help to restore Canada's faith in their sprint hero -- not to mention rewrite the record books again.
A Post-Sleep Inventory

A Post-sleep Inventory has been developed to permit an adequate description of subjective responses to a preceding sleep period. A factor analysis on a 2-wk. administration to 70 subjects is report...
A tool for computer-aided diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity

In this paper we present improvements to a software application, named ROPtool, that aids in the timely and accurate detection and diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP occurs in 68% of infants less than 1251 grams at birth, and it is a leading cause of blindness for prematurely born infants. The standard of care for its diagnosis is the subjective assessment of retinal vessel dilation and tortuosity. There is significant inter-observer variation in those assessments. ROPtool analyzes retinal images, extracts user-selected blood vessels from those images, and quantifies the tortuosity of those vessels. The presence of ROP is then gauged by comparing the tortuosity of an infant's retinal vessels with measures made from a clinical-standard image of severely tortuous retinal vessels. The presence of such tortuous retinal vessels is referred to as 'plus disease'. In this paper, a novel metric of tortuosity is proposed. From the ophthalmologist's point of view, the new metric is an improvement from our previously published algorithm, since it uses smooth curves instead of straight lines to simulate 'normal vessels'. Another advantage of the new ROPtool is that minimal user interactions are required. ROPtool utilizes a ridge traversal algorithm to extract retinal vessels. The algorithm reconstructs connectivity along a vessel automatically. This paper supports its claims by reporting ROC curves from a pilot study involving 20 retinal images. The areas under two ROC curves, from two experts in ROP, using the new metric to diagnose 'tortuosity sufficient for plus disease', varied from 0.86 to 0.91.
Error recovery scheme for the IBM 3850 mass storage system

The IBM 3850 Mass Storage System (MSS) stores digital data on flexible magnetic tape media; however it is different in many respects from the conventional multitrack tape machines. In particular, the use of a single-element rotary read-write head imposes new demands in the areas of data encoding and error recovery. This paper presents a comprehensive scheme for error recovery for the 3850 MSS which features a new error-correction code in a serial, single-stripe data format. The recovery procedure is designed around resynchronizable sections of data which are rendered independent of each other in error modes through the use of zero-modulation encoding and self-contained error-detection pointers. These error-detection pointers and the resynchronization signals are utilized in conjunction with interleaved codewords of the error-correction code. The code is designed with a generating polynomial in which the roots are chosen from the set of elements of a 16-element subfield of the Galois field GF(28). This choice provides the necessary code structure for desired code capabilities and facilitates fast decoding of errors with an economical implementation of the decoder. The scheme provides correction capabilities for various combinations of mixed-mode short and long errors common to magnetic tape recording of digital data.
Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density Are Lower in Older Than in Younger Females With Rett Syndrome

Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density Are Lower in Older Than in Younger Females With Rett Syndrome
Comparison of Methods for the Analysis of Higher Boiling Flavor Compounds in Cheddar Cheese

Abstract Both Tenax-GC headspace isolation and acetonitrile extraction techniques provided isolates from Cheddar cheese that contained the microbially-derived, aromatic Strecker-type compounds, phenylacetaldehyde, phenethanol, p -cresol, and phenol. Because of large quantities of very high boiling compounds recovered in acetonitrile extracts, Tenax-GC isolates were most suitable for routine quantitative analysis of the aromatic Strecker-type compounds on a fused-silica, bonded-phase Durabond-5 gas chromatographic capillary column. Gas chromatography with packed Carbowax 20M columns and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis lacked sufficient resolution for quantification of the compounds.
In Search of a Metatheory for Cognitive Development (or, Piaget Is Dead and I Don't Feel So Good Myself).

With the waning of influence of Piaget's theory and the shortcomings of information-processing perspectives of cognitive growth, cognitive developmentalists lack a common set of broad, overarching principles and assumptions-a metatheory-to guide their research. Developmental biology is suggested as metatheory for cognitive development. Although it is important for developmentalists to understand proximal biological causes (e.g., brain development), most important for such a metatheory is an evolutionary perspective. Some basic principles of evolutionary psychology are introduced, and examples of contemporary research and theory consistent with these ideas are provided.
Physicians Should Administer Low-Dose Corticosteroids Selectively to Septic Patients until an Ongoing Trial Is Completed

In this issue, the authors of a meta-analysis make two conclusions: 1) Low, but not high, doses of corticosteroids reduce the mortality from septic shock, and 2) all patients who have vasopressor-d...
Defining the Implementation Problem: Organizational Management versus Cooperation

The purpose of this article is to determine which definition of the implementation problem, organizational management or cooperation, provides the best understanding of the implementation process. In order to do this, I will compare models of the implementation process that use different conceptions of the problem. The models that are used in this analysis are (1) Goggin et al's. communications model of intergovernmental policy implementation (CM) and (2) implementation regime framework (IRF). The CM conceives of the implementation problem as one of organizational management; the IRF conceives of the implementation problem as achieving cooperation. These models are evaluated using four criteria. the treatment of both the top-down and bottom-up approaches; the role of communication in the implementation process; the level of conflict/cooperation in the implementation process; and applicability to the concept of networks. The results of this analysis reveal that Stoker's IRF, which defines the implementation problem as achieving cooperation, provides a better understanding of the implementation process. The CM, which is based on the organizational management perspective, is much more limited. The implications this analysis has for future research of the implementation process are also discussed.
The cell cycle of ventricular cells in the overgrown optic tectum.

Abstract The cell cycle in the overgrown optic tectum of the chick embryo was investigated radioautographically from the 3rd through the 6th day of incubation. Quantitative data were obtained on the length of the DNA-synthetic period (S), the premitotic period (G2), mitosis, and the postmitotic period (G1). At each stage of development, the total generation time in the abnormal brain showed an increase of approximately 2–3 h over that observed in the normal brain. The duration of mitosis, G1, and the S period likewise increased. The results indicate that although one sees an increased number of mitotic figures during overgrowth, this may reflect a longer period of time spent in mitosis, rather than an actual increase in proliferative activity. This suggests that the term ‘overgrowth’ is a misnomer for a condition which actually involves a slowing down of the proliferative process.
Problematic Alcohol Use Among Individuals with HIV: Relations with Everyday Memory Functioning and HIV Symptom Severity

Problematic alcohol use has been shown to negatively impact cognitive functions germane to achieving optimal HIV health outcomes. The present study, a secondary data analysis, examined the impact of problematic alcohol use on aspects of everyday memory functioning in a sample of 172 HIV-infected individuals (22 % female; Mage = 48.37 years, SD = 8.64; 39 % Black/non-Hispanic). Additionally, we tested whether self-reported memory functioning explained the relation between problematic alcohol use and HIV symptom severity. Results indicated that problematic patterns of alcohol use were associated with lower total memory functioning, retrieval (e.g., recall-difficulty) and memory for activity (e.g., what you did yesterday) and greater HIV symptom severity. Memory functioning mediated the relation between problematic alcohol use and HIV symptom severity. However, the direction of this relation was unclear as HIV symptom severity also mediated the relation between problematic alcohol use and memory functioning. Findings highlight the importance of integrated care for HIV and alcohol use disorders and suggest that routine alcohol and cognitive screenings may bolster health outcomes among this vulnerable population.