cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning to recognize patterns in a random environment

This paper deals with the optimal use of a sequence of prior observations in order to recognize patterns. The class of pattern recognition problems which we treat is completely general in that the results may be applied to patterns of a visual, aural or electromagnetic origin. We show that the use of prior observations for pattern recognition may be described as a process of learning the statistical characteristics of the patterns involved. The mathematical description of the learning process is analyzed in order to obtain optimal (i.e., minimum probability of error) solutions to various types of pattern recognition problems. These solutions to the mathematical problem are then interpreted in terms of the systems implementation they imply. The optimum systems are shown to consist of banks of generalized correlators. Under assumption of independent measurements, the optimum systems reduce to a class of systems which function by reinforcing desired responses.
Elimination of B. anthracis spores using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

We have developed a non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma setup for effective sterilization of spores on conductive and non-conductive surfaces at room temperature. The DBD plasma system involves a specially modified plasma system that is optimized to effectively destroy pathogenic organisms, particularly Bacillus spores. Metal or dielectric surfaces inoculated with Bacillus cereus spores were treated with the DBD plasma initiated between the treatment unit and these surfaces. Set of experiments was performed on DBD plasma sterilization of Bacillus spores both in dry and wet conditions. We checked the influence of plasma characteristic, gas composition, and type of surface on the sterilization effect of DBD plasma. Experiments were done using Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis spores. The results of the experiments show that DBD plasma treatment permit up to 8 log reduction of spores in less than 1 minute of DBD plasma treatment depending of treatment conditions.
Sartre on God, freedom, and determinism

When we think of God as the creator, we are thinking of him, most of the time, as a supernal artisan .... we always imply that the will follows, more or less, from the understanding or at least accompanies it, so that when God creates he knows precisely what he is creating. Thus, the conception of man in the mind of God is comparable to that of the paper-knife in the mind of the artisan: God makes man according to a procedure and a conception, exactly as the artisan manufactures a paper-knife, following a definition and a formula. Thus each individual man is the realisation of a certain conception which dwells in the divine understanding .... Man possesses a human nature; that qauman nature', which is the conception of human being, is found in every man; which means that each man is a particular example of an universal conception, the conception of Man .... the essence of man precedes that historic existence which we confront in experience. I
Inferring genetic networks from microarray data

In theory, it should be possible to infer realistic genetic networks from time series microarray data. In practice, however, network discovery has proved problematic. The three major challenges are 1) inferring the network; 2) estimating the stability of the inferred network; and 3) making the network visually accessible to the user. Here we describe a method, tested on publicly available time series microarray data, which addresses these concerns.
Modeling Triple Friction Pendulum Bearings for Response-History Analysis

Abstract There are currently no applicable hysteresis rules or nonlinear elements available in structural analysis software that can be used to exactly model triple Friction Pendulum bearings for response-history analysis. Series models composed of existing nonlinear elements are proposed since they can be immediately implemented in currently available analysis software. However, the behavior of the triple Friction Pendulum bearing is not exactly that of a series arrangement of single concave Friction Pendulum bearings—though it is similar. This paper describes how to modify the input parameters of the series model in order to precisely retrace the true force-displacement behavior exhibited by this device. Recommendations are made for modeling in SAP2000 and are illustrated through analysis of a simple seismically isolated structure. The results are confirmed by (a) verifying the force-displacement behavior through comparison with experimental data and (b) verifying the analysis through comparison to the ...
Residents’ Perceptions of Sex Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery

Background: Sex diversity in orthopaedic surgery lags behind other surgical specialties. Women comprise 13.2% of orthopaedic residents and 15% of full-time faculty, despite 47.8% of graduating medical students being women. The purposes of this study were to demonstrate how orthopaedic surgery has been less successful in recruiting women compared with general surgery and to identify the sex-specific factors that influenced orthopaedic surgery residents to choose their specialty. Methods: A search of graduate medical data was performed to compare the recruitment of women into orthopaedic and general surgery. Next, a seven-question survey was e-mailed to 2629 orthopaedic residents by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Questions were formulated to detect why orthopaedic surgery residents chose their specialty. Data were collected over six weeks and responses were analyzed with use of one-tailed t tests to make comparisons of responses on the basis of sex. Results: The historical data search showed that the percentage of female representation in both orthopaedic and general surgery has increased since 1968, but it has increased significantly faster in general surgery than in orthopaedic surgery (p < 0.0001). Five hundred and twenty-nine (20%) of the 2629 orthopaedic surgery residents who were contacted responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 114 (22%) were female and 415 (78%) were male. Several significant differences were found in the responses between the sexes. These include the timing of the decision to enter orthopaedic surgery and positive influences in choosing orthopaedic surgery as a specialty. Additionally, women, significantly more than men, believed that more of their peers entered general surgery because of greater acceptance by senior faculty in that field (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to survey residents on their perceptions of orthopaedic surgery and to identify factors that may hinder the recruitment of women into orthopaedic surgery. Our data show that increased exposure to orthopaedic content during medical school and increased female mentorship may help recruit more women into the orthopaedic surgery workforce.
The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics

Introduced in this paper is a family of statistics, G, that can be used as a measure of spatial association in a number of circumstances. The basic statistic is derived, its properties are identified, and its advantages explained. Several of the G statistics make it possible to evaluate the spatial association of a variable within a specified distance of a single point. A comparison is made between a general G statistic and Moran’s I for similar hypothetical and empirical conditions. The empirical work includes studies of sudden infant death syndrome by county in North Carolina and dwelling unit prices in metropolitan San Diego by zip-code districts. Results indicate that G statistics should be used in conjunction with I in order to identify characteristics of patterns not revealed by the I statistic alone and, specifically, the G i and G i ∗ statistics enable us to detect local “pockets” of dependence that may not show up when using global statistics.
Nonholonomic motion planning: steering using sinusoids

Methods for steering systems with nonholonomic c.onstraints between arbitrary configurations are investigated. Suboptimal trajectories are derived for systems that are not in canonical form. Systems in which it takes more than one level of bracketing to achieve controllability are considered. The trajectories use sinusoids at integrally related frequencies to achieve motion at a given bracketing level. A class of systems that can be steered using sinusoids (claimed systems) is defined. Conditions under which a class of two-input systems can be converted into this form are given. >
NO way to relax: the complexities of coupling nitric oxide synthase pathways in the heart.

The roles of nitric oxide (NO) in the heart have been studied intensely ever since the first report nearly 2 decades ago showing that endogenous NO modulates cardiac myocyte function.1 All 3 NO synthase (NOS) isoforms have been found in mammalian heart tissues (see reviews in Massion et al2 and Belge et al3). A complex array of myocyte and nonmyocyte cells in the heart express NOS isoforms, and the local generation of NO2,3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS)4 may exert both autocrine and paracrine effects on cellular function. Not only is the endothelial isoform of NOS (eNOS, or NOS3) robustly expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardiac vasculature, but eNOS is also present within cardiac myocytes, where the enzyme associates with the scaffolding/regulatory protein caveolin-3 in T tubules in plasmalemmal caveolae.5 The neuronal NOS (nNOS, or NOS1) is also expressed in cardiac myocytes, where the enzyme appears to be localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and modulates phospholamban phosphorylation.6 Although both eNOS and nNOS appear to be physiologically expressed in cardiac tissues, the inflammation-related NOS isoform (iNOS, or NOS2) only appears in the heart after immunoactivation; iNOS may modulate the decline in myocardial function seen in sepsis.7 There have been innumerable studies of the cardiac effects of various NOS inhibitors, NO-donating drugs, and NO itself.2 The cardiac phenotypes of NOS “knockout” mouse models have been characterized extensively, and mice lacking 1, 2, or all 3 NOS isoforms have been generated and characterized.8 In addition, the roles of NOS substrates, cofactors, and allosteric modulators have been explored exhaustively in diverse cardiac model systems. Emerging from this broad range of experimental evidence is an increasingly clear view that NO and NOS are key determinants of cardiac function. Yet the molecular mechanisms and …
Elite Choices and Constitutional Guarantees of Local Autonomy in the Third World: The Case of the Philippines, 1971–1973

The second generation of constitutional elites who adopted the fundamental law of the Philippine Republic had hoped that through legislative discretion local governments would develop into strong and effective agents of the national government. This hope was dashed by the unwillingness of the legislative branch to make the local units less dependent on the central government and the meticulous way in which the President of the nation tried to control local officials instead of merely supervising them as the constitution provided. Against this background, the third generation of constitutional elites in the seventies felt that the constitutional compromise in the thirties between the historical view of localism and the legal theory of centralism in the form os presidential supervision over local governments was counter-productive. Accordingly, they considered a number of choices by which local autonomy could be clothed with constitutional protection. And so they wrote in the new Philippine constitution a mandate to the legislative branch to institutionalize the concept of local autonomy not only in form but in substance as well. They also modified Dillon's Rule, which used to govern national—local relations, by subjecting the legislative power to create or abolish local units to popular approval by placing a shotgun behind the door—the referendum. Elite decision to opt for this type of mandatory autonomy was not in response to mass demands, since the masses were uninformed about the local autonomy issue. Rather, it was due to elite perception of what they considered to be the public good which motivated them to take this bold and forward step towards local political development during the nation's crucial period of its existence.
Exploring Mn–O bonding in the context of an electronically flexible secondary coordination sphere: synthesis of a Mn(III)–oxo

Complexes containing manganese–oxygen bonds have been implicated in a variety of biological and synthetic processes. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a family of stable, high-spin trigonal bipyramidal manganese complexes of the electronically flexible ligand tris(5-cyclohexylimino-pyrrol-2-ylmethyl)amine [H3N(piCy)3] featuring apical water, hydroxyl, and oxo ligands. Terminal MnIII–O complexes are rare and the formation of this species was achieved from a variety of reagents including O2, PhIO and NO2−. Described herein is the preparation, structural and electronic properties of these manganese complexes.
Computer-aided hardware-software codesign

Most digital systems consist of a hardware component and software programs that execute on the hardware platform. Obviously, a system can deliver higher performance when we tune the hardware to its software applications and vice versa. Today's novel architectures and the possible use of computer-aided design tools have created new opportunities to find solutions to codesign problems. This survey addresses this challenge, considers different architectures and their uses, and reports on the status of CAD codesign tools, with particular reference to simulation and synthesis. >
Empirical analysis of computational and accuracy tradeoffs using compactly supported radial basis functions for surface reconstruction

Implicit surfaces can be constructed from scattered surface points using radial basis functions (RBFs) to interpolate the surface's embedding function. Many researchers have used thin-plate spline RBFs for this because of their desirable smoothness properties. Others have used compactly supported RBFs, leading to a sparse matrix solution with lower computational complexity and better conditioning. However, the limited radius of support introduces a free parameter that leads to varying solutions as well as varying computational requirements: a larger radius of support leads to smoother and more accurate solutions but requires more computation. This work presents an empirical analysis of this radius of support. The results using compactly supported RBFs are compared for varying model sizes and radii of support, exploring the relationship between data density and the accuracy of the interpolated surface.
A Brief Introduction of Feature Matching

This paper presents several useful techniques about feature matching. As we know, for virtual worlds 3D reconstruction, we need many good 2D images with more precious correspondent matching points, thus, more realistic 3D models could be reconstructed for computer vision use, medical use or many other vision applications. This paper describes basis of feature matching, and also several further technical methods to achieve better correspondence matching. Experiment results show basic matching methods and different enhanced methods respectively, from which we can get ideas about how to make feature matching better.
Professional Philosophy in the Sport Psychology Service Delivery: Building on Theory and Practice.

Practitioners in helping professions have recognized the importance of philosophy of service as a fundamental factor driving the process of behavior change. This article explores professional philosophy as an underlying element of successful sport psychology service delivery. A hierarchical structure of professional philosophy is proposed that delineates important components both overtly discussed and implied in the sport psychology literature. These components—arranged from the most stable and internal to the most dynamic and external—are (a) personal core beliefs and values, (b) theoretical paradigm concerning behavior change, (c) models of practice and the consultant’s role, (d) intervention goals, and (e) intervention techniques and methods. Each component is examined from the perspective that philosophy guides practice. The resulting conceptualization of professional philosophy may be used for both didactic and research purposes aimed at furthering consultant effectiveness in sport settings.
Data storage and management requirements for the multimedia computer-based patient medical record

The business of healthcare management is changing rapidly, heading in the direction of managed care, capitation, and integrated delivery systems. Information management is crucial to the success and competitiveness of these new care delivery systems. A major goal of medical systems designers is to develop a model for a multimedia, computer-based patient medical record (CPR). The fundamental function of a CPR system is to record, monitor, retrieve, and analyze all events associated with an encounter between the patient and the healthcare system. Data components of the CPR include all forms of multimedia information, gathered from various departments within the institution. Users of the data will be diverse and widely distributed. The amount of digital data generated will be approximately two terabytes (TB) of information per year for a medium-sized metropolitan medical institution. Most of the data (by volume) are diagnostic radiological images. This information must remain on-line or near-line for 7-10 years, or longer in many cases. Image and other data of the CPR will be stored as self-defining information objects in a data repository (DR). The DR will be comprised of distributed storage subsystems and a high-level communications interface. Mass storage subsystems and information management systems being developed now will be core technologies of the DR and the CPR.
Journalists and the ‘Professional Ideal’ in Britain: the Institute of Journalists, 1884–1907

This article examines the early history of the Institute of Journalists as a case study of occupational development in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. It argues that disagreements over the putative meaning of ‘professional’ led to widespread belief that journalists’ interests were best served by organizing as a trade union rather than as a ‘professional organization’. Drawing on trade periodicals, memoirs and journalism handbooks, this article illustrates the complexities of the ‘professional ideal’ and underscores the ambiguous position of the ‘mental labourer’ in British society.
Positive semidefinite zero forcing

Abstract The positive semidefinite zero forcing number Z + ( G ) of a graph G was introduced in Barioli et al. (2010) [4] . We establish a variety of properties of Z + ( G ) : Any vertex of G can be in a minimum positive semidefinite zero forcing set (this is not true for standard zero forcing). The graph parameters tw ( G ) (tree-width), Z + ( G ) , and Z ( G ) (standard zero forcing number) all satisfy the Graph Complement Conjecture (see Barioli et al. (2012) [3] ). Graphs having extreme values of the positive semidefinite zero forcing number are characterized. The effect of various graph operations on positive semidefinite zero forcing number and connections with other graph parameters are studied.
Paddle lead cervical spinal cord stimulation for failed neck surgery syndrome

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a reliable treatment option or chronic pain conditions such as failed back surgery syndrome FBSS) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) [1,2]. However he use of SCS has thus far been limited largely to the thoracic pine, with enthusiasm for cervical SCS tempered by the challenge f securing an electrode in this inherently more flexible region. addle leads have here provided some advantages over percutaeous leads, minimizing lead migration. Yet, the role of cervical CS has largely remained unexplored, particularly in patients with ailed Neck Surgery Syndrome (FNSS). We employ the term FNSS o describe patients that have persistent, medically intractable pain f the upper extremities and/or neck despite having had at least ne prior cervical spine operation for degenerative disease, and xclude patients who have developed an iatrogenic CRPS. Such atients may present ideal candidates for cervical neuromodulaion. We herein briefly review our experience with cervical SCS for NSS.
Characterizing the ERP Old–New effect in a short-term memory task

The early and late components of the event-related potential (ERP) Old–New effect are well characterized with respect to long-term memory, and have been associated with processes of familiarity and recollection, respectively. Now, using a short-term memory paradigm with verbal and nonverbal stimuli, we explored the way that these two components respond to variation in recency and stimulus type. We found that the amplitude of the early component (or frontal N400, FN400) showed Old–New effects only for verbal stimuli and increased with recency. In contrast, the later component (or late positive component, LPC) showed Old–New effects across a range of stimulus types and did not scale with recency. These results are consistent with the way that these same ERP components have been characterized in long-term memory, supporting the idea that some of the same processes underlie long- and short-term item recognition.
State estimation for real-time monitoring of distribution systems

Utilities currently use historical customer load data to forecast the loads in their distribution feeders for real-time feeder analysis and control. In this paper a three-phase state estimation method is developed to increase the accuracy of this load data. The method is based on the weighted least square approach and uses a three-phase node voltage formulation. The method can handle power, voltage, and current measurements. Test results indicate that state estimation can improve the forecasted load data by using real-time measurements. The effectiveness of branch current measurements were also tested. >
First Report of Fusarium solani on Utah Sweetvetch in the United States.

Utah sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale Nutt.) is a native American perennial nitrogen fixing legume used mainly in rangeland reclamation, soil rejuvenation, and erosion control. In June 2011, a field of Utah sweetvetch grown for seeds in central Oregon had approximately 15% of the plants exhibiting chlorosis, defoliation, stunting, wilting, and/or death. Dissection of the crown of symptomatic plants revealed discolored pinkish brown vascular tissue. Symptomatic tissues from six random plants were surface sterilized, placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and cultured for 7 days at room temperature, which allowed six fungal isolates (SS1 through SS6) to be collected. On PDA, all six isolates had rapid, creamy white colored growth. Based on observations of 1-week-old isolates, microconidia were oval to kidney shaped, single celled, 8 to 10 × 2.5 to 4 μm, and formed at the tips of long unbranched monophialides. Macroconidia were three to four septate, cylindrical to slightly curved, with characte...
The “Really Disabled”: Disability Hierarchy in John Hockenberry’s 'Moving Violations'

This paper explores a disability hierarchy present in John Hockenberry’s memoir, Moving Violations . Disability hierarchies are understood as the idea that some impairments are positioned as “worse” or more severe than others, and thus more deserving of stigma. I will examine the different ways a disability hierarchy manifests itself throughout Moving Violations in Hockenberry’s discussion of disabled people he has encountered. Finally, the problematic elements that arise from a disability hierarchy are discussed.
Active Surveillance Cultures and Decolonization to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections in neonates. Objective To examine the impact of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) decolonization on the incidence of MSSA infection and to measure the prevalence of mupirocin resistance. Methods We retrospectively identified neonates admitted to a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from April 1, 2011, through September 30, 2014. We compared rates of MSSA-positive cultures and infections before and after implementation of an active surveillance culture and decolonization intervention for MSSA-colonized neonates. We used 2 measurements to identify the primary outcome, NICU-attributable MSSA: (1) any culture sent during routine clinical care that grew MSSA and (2) any culture that grew MSSA and met criteria of the National Healthcare Safety Network's healthcare-associated infection surveillance definitions. S. aureus isolates were tested for mupirocin susceptibility. We estimated incidence rate ratios using interrupted time-series models. Results Before and after the intervention, 1,523 neonates (29,220 patient-days) and 1,195 neonates (22,045 patient-days) were admitted to the NICU, respectively. There was an immediate reduction in the mean quarterly incidence rate of NICU-attributable MSSA-positive clinical cultures of 64% (incidence rate ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.19-0.70]) after implementation of the intervention, and MSSA-positive culture rates continued to decrease by 21% per quarter (incidence rate ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74-0.84]). MSSA infections also decreased by 73% immediately following the intervention implementation (incidence rate ratio, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.10-0.79]). No mupirocin resistance was detected. Conclusion Active surveillance cultures and decolonization may be effective in decreasing S. aureus infections in NICUs.
Relaxation and watching televised sports among older adults

AbstractThis study shows a hierarchical regression model that investigates the relationship between watching televised sports and relaxation. Older adults (N = 305) completed a self-report questionnaire to assess relaxation and media functions (entertainment, surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission) when they watched televised sports. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the proportion of observed variance in relaxation explained by control and independent variables. The results indicated that the entertainment function and the correlation function were statistically significant predictors after controlling for gender and the number of days of watching televised sports. Entertainment function was the strongest predictor on experiencing relaxation for older adults when watching televised sports. The findings of this study add to the growing collection of research that suggests a positive relationship between casual leisure activities and relaxation among older a...
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF CHOLESTEROL AND 24-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL DURING CHRONIC TRIPARANOL THERAPY.

The tissues of five patients who died following 4–31 months of continuous oral triparanol therapy have been analyzed for sterol content by gas–liquid chromatographic techniques. Desmosterol was present in variable amounts in all tissues examined, with the exception of nervous tissue, but in none of the tissues did desmosterol constitute a larger fraction of total sterols than that observed in the blood. No evidence of marked adrenal cholesterol depletion was apparent. Small but significant amounts of desmosterol were found in both relatively normal and atherosclerotic blood vessels. No preferential accumulation of desmosterol as compared with cholesterol was apparent in either the blood vessels or in any of the body tissues examined.
Abstract 4048: Increased expression of PACS-1 in cervical cancer is associated with loss of microRNA449a

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death world wide with approximately 50,000 deaths per year. We identified a 300 kb deletion of chromosome 11q13 in cervical cancer and mapped eleven genes to this region. Of these, phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting −1 (PACS-1) gene encodes a multi-functional sorting protein involved in secretory pathway membrane traffic. Expression studies showed the presence of an abnormal PACS-1 transcript in tumorigenic cell lines. Protein expression studies in paired normal and cervical tumors showed over-expression of PACS-1 protein in tumor specimens. RT-PCR indicated that protein over-expression was related to over-expression at the RNA level. These findings together with the absence of detectable mutations in PACS-1 exons in HeLa or SiHa cervical carcinoma cell lines raised the possibility that dysregulation of a microRNA (miRNA) may alter PACS-1 expression in cervical cancer. Consistent with this possibility, a UCSC genome database search showed the presence of binding sites for miRNA449a in the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of the PACS-1 RNA transcript. Co-transfection of PACS-1 3′UTR luciferase reporter with miRNA449a resulted in reduced expression of luciferase. Expression of miR449a in HeLa and SiHa cells led to reduced expression of PACS-1 and increased expression of p53 and p21 proteins. FACS analysis of HeLa cells transfected with miR449a showed a reduction in S phase indicating the growth suppressive effect of miR449a. These results indicate that miR449a regulates PACS-1 expression and loss of miR449a expression leads to over-expression of PACS-1. This in turn seems to result in the destabilization of p53 in cervical cancer. Our findings suggest PACS-1 plays a role in cervical cancer development and its expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by miRNA449a. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4048.
The Effect of Breastfeeding Education in the NICU on Post-Discharge Breastfeeding Duration

To demonstrate the importance of breastfeeding education for NICU moms by longitudinally following the duration of breastfeeding success in NICU graduates whose moms had received breastfeeding education during their NICU stay. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that identified women with infants in a Level III NICU, at a baby-friendly hospital, who had received NICU-specific breastfeeding education between November 2013 and May 2014. Post-discharge phone …
A Marginal Professional Role: The Chiropractor

Marginality, in its broad sense, may belong to this genus of sociolngical and psychological phenomena that are created by the theorists who "discover" them. Mayer48 found in Switzerland an amazing spectacle of cultural pluralism which is nevertheless integrated into a stable and harmonious unity. This can be-and is-equally true in America; and millions of fruitful, adjusted, and happy Jews, Catholics, Baptists, Italians, Germans, etc., are eloquent proof of it. Obviously, America has a long way to go before it attains the highest form of cultural pluralism. But it appears reasonable to assert that such notions as marginality arouse mental and emotional blocks and thus hinder the actualization of the pluralistic principle. The marginal man theory has its rightful place. In a restricted area this concept is valid. Park identifies the true marginal man when he speaks of the individual, "Whose mother is a Jew and whose father is a Gentile." In such cases, especially when both parents seek to claim the child for his own church, conflict and confusion are inevitable. Also, Jews who consciously and deliberately seek to flee from their ethnic group and desire to erase all traces of their racial and religious kinship may show symptoms of mental tensions and emotional insecurity which we may identify as marginality. These individuals, by concealment and suppression, are inviting complexes, neuroses, and cultural schizophrenia. The members of this splinter group, found also among Negroes, Catholics, and other minorities, are the real marginals, the rootless drifters whose behaviors and motivations answer the description of marginality. But when we dilute the concept of marginality as do Park, Stonequist, and Bernard to embrace entire minorities and peoples, we destroy its value and validity and remove it from the arena of empirical sociology into the area of fruitless speculation. 46 Theodore M. Newcomb, op. cit., p. 563. 47 Ibid., p. 577. 48 Kurt Mayer, "Cultural Pluralism and Lingual Equilibrium in Switzerland," lOc. cit.
Seismic Interpretation of Gas Hydrate Based On Physical Properties of Sediments

This paper analyzes amplitude behavior of gas hydrate from stacked seismic data, based on rock physics properties of hydrate-saturated sediments, gas saturated sediments, and water saturated sediments. Gas hydrate is likely to occur in suitable gas hydrate occurrence environment. Velocity of hydrate saturated sediments increases as gas hydrate replaces water in pore space of the sediment. In contrast, velocity of gas filling sediment decreases. The different patterns that consist of low concentrated gas hydrate, high concentrated gas hydrate, water and/or gas produce Dim out and Bright spots. The two gas hydrate indicators are illustrated in a 3D seismic data from the Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico.
Scattering Imaging Method Based on Plan Wave Spectrum

Two-dimensional scattering distribution imaging approaches in near-field measurement are studied in the paper.Continuous-wave flat plane scanning method is proposed to get the coronal imaging.The acceptance signal is decomposed to a set of plan wave,which radiate in all directions.The phase of each wave is shifted according to its spreading angle so as to recover the original field on the coronal region,and synthesized together to reconstruct the scattering distribution.Computer simulation results show that the algorithm is effective and correct.
Wide-complex tachycardia, possibly WPW syndrome.

(1988). Wide-Complex Tachycardia, Possibly WPW Syndrome. Hospital Practice: Vol. 23, No. 10, pp. 65-69.
Covalidation of complex hardware/software systems

It is clear that the field is maturing as researchers have begun to identify and agree on the essential problems to be solved. Our understanding of covalidation has developed to the point that industrial tools are available which provide practical solutions to test generation, particularly at the state machine level. Although automation tools are available, they are not fully trusted by designers and as a result, a significant amount of manual test generation is required for the vast majority of design projects. By examining the state of previous work we can identify areas which should be studied in future in order to increase the industrial acceptance of covalidation techniques. A significant obstacle to the widespread acceptance of available techniques is the lack of faith in the correlation between covalidation coverage metrics and real design errors. Automatic test generation techniques have been presented which are applicable to large scale designs, but until the underlying coverage metrics are accepted, the techniques will not be applied in practice. Coverage metrics must be evaluated by identifying a correlation between fault coverage and detection of real design errors. Essential to this evaluation is the compilation of design errors produced by real designers.
Data Collection and Averages

In simulating a discrete-event delay system, a principal objective is to evaluate its performance with regard to throughput, buffer occupancy, delay, resource utilization, and system loss. Throughput denotes the rate at which a system provides finished product. As examples, throughput in a manufacturing setting denotes the number of finished goods that a factory produces per unit of time. In a telecommunications network, the rate at which messages pass from origin to destination constitutes a measure of throughput. The number of vehicles that cross a bridge per unit time characterizes throughput in a particular type of transportation system. Buffer occupancy denotes the number of items in the system awaiting processing or service and is sometimes called queue length. Delay denotes the length of time that an item waits and alternatively is called waiting time. Occasionally, system time characterizes delay. It is the sum of waiting time and service time. Resource utilization denotes the proportion of system resources that are kept busy processing items.
Naltrexone-3-salicylate (a prodrug of naltrexone): synthesis and pharmacokinetics in dogs.

Naltrexone-3-salicylate (3), a prodrug of naltrexone (1), was prepared by a simple procedure from naltrexone-3-acetylsalicylate (2). The plasma (dog and human) hydrolysis half-life of 3 was found to be approximately 30 min. Compound 2 was previously shown to hydrolyze in dog and human plasma with a fast deacetylation step to 3, followed by slower hydrolysis of 3 to 1 (t1/2, ∼30 min). Oral naltrexone bioavailability was greatly improved (∼30-fold) after oral administration of 3 to dogs, similar to the improvement observed after oral administration of 2. The half-life of naltrexone in dogs after oral administration of 3 was similar to that observed after oral administration of 2 (∼1 hr).
Oxidative stress and Ca2+ transport in skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum

Oxidative stress as a potential mechanism of Ca2+ disregulation in skeletal and cardiac muscles
The importance of low dissipation factor insulation in metal-clad switchegear

Recent years have seen the advent and application of many new and valuable insulating materials. We have seen new applications for older materials and increased emphasis on certain insulating properties such as surface track resistance and operation at higher temperatures. These new materials and new applications should provide the users of high voltage equipment with electrical apparatus which is more reliable and which requires less maintenance. However, this can only be achieved through careful study and control of all of the properties of the insulating material important to the application. For example, care must be exercised to insure that good surface tracking resistance of an insulation is not achieved at the cost of other dielectric properties. A material application, or substitution, without sufficient study of all of the properties can create new problems and in some cases provide a dielectric structure more prone to failure even though "improved" materials are applied. One important property, insulation dissipation factor, (often called power factor), whose neglect may lead to insulation failure in a number of ways, has been under study and control in the application of insulation to switchgear for a number of years. This report will deal with that activity.
Novel double catheter technique with detachable microcatheter for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations: A technical note.

Background Onyx has improved the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, during injection inadvertent reflux around the delivery microcatheter into important normal arterial branches remains a major challenge. Methods We describe a new double arterial catheterization technique using a detachable tip microcatheter in conjunction with a second microcatheter to form a proximal antireflux Onyx plug. This novel technique allows for increased amounts of Onyx to be steadily injected while avoiding dangerous backflow in the treatment of AVMs. Results The patient tolerated the procedure well without changes in hemodynamics. Using the novel double catheter technique, a significant portion of the AVM was embolized and the patient had no complications postoperatively. Conclusions The novel double catheter technique with a detachable microcatheter is a safe and effective technique to increase the amount of Onyx embolization material into the AVM nidus.
One-way nonlinear mirror and cancellation of nonlinear response via multipolar interference from metasurfaces

We report examples of an image produced by difference frequency generation on one and the same side of a metasurface independently of the source location. Directionally-selective extinguishing of nonlinearly-generated multipolar modes is also shown numerically.
Bild (big image in less dimension): A novel technique for image feature selection to apply partial least square algorithm

Current smartphone camera can capture high-definition (HD) video. It is hard to process a lot of video frames for a conventional personal computer due to the high-resolution image. High configured computer can extract the color pixel information from this type of video image, though it takes unreasonable time. For this reason, we proposed a novel way to record the image pixel information in a histogram as the feature of a video image. Each image frame is converted into red, green and blue (RGB), as well as hue saturation and value (HSV) color space. Using the features from RGB and HSV color space.
Are inner-city children with asthma receiving specialty care as recommended in national asthma guidelines?

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine whether children with asthma in an urban health care network are receiving asthma specialty care, and which factors, if any, are associated with the receipt of this care, including child's racial/ethnic group, age, socio-economic status (SES), insurance, and/or acute care utilization. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study of children aged 7–17 years who received primary care at an urban medical center in 2012 and had a primary or secondary ICD9 code for asthma. Data on asthma-related health care utilization from 1997 to 2012 were accessed using a software application linked to the electronic medical record. Analyses included descriptive statistics (means and percentages) as well as bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions. Results: The participants were 4959 children (59% Hispanic and 37% Black, Non-Hispanic) with a mean age = 11.1 years ± 3.05, with 56.8% males. Only 19% of the children had outpatient asthma specialist care: pulmonary (16%) and/or aller...
The Effect of Morphine Dosing on Length of Stay in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome - An Alternative Viewpoint.

We read with interest the recent study published in Pharmacotherapy evaluating morphine dosing to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).1 The authors attempted to address an important research question in a disease state which is a widespread problem with many unknowns related to its management.2-4 In order to address these unknowns, future research of NAS should include the following key considerations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Tissue PO2, VO2, venous PO2 and perfusion pressure in resting dog gracilis muscle perfused at constant flow.

Verzar (14), who studied resting cat skeletal muscle in vivo, was the first to report that oxygen consumption (Vo2) depended on blood flow. A dependent relationship has since been found in blood perfused skeletal muscle preparations of the cat (15,18), and rat (4). However, Nakamura (7) could find no dependency in cat skeletal muscle except at very low flow rates. In dog skeletal muscle Rein and Schneider (9) and Pappenheimer (8) found that Vo2 was dependent on blood flow in the normal range (4–10 ml/100g tissue/ min.). On the other hand Stainsby and Otis (12) reported an independent Vo2-flow relationship when perfusion pressure was varied in dog skeletal muscle except at very low flow rates (1–2 ml/100g/min.). In a recent study by Duran and Renkin (2) 25 of 35 dog gracilis muscle preparations showed an independent relationship, and one converted spontaneously from a dependent to an independent relationship.
An enhanced scheduler for MC2

Mixed Criticality on MultiCore (MC2) is an ongoing project that explores the issue of providing operating system support for implementing mixed-criticality workloads upon multicore CPUs. Thus far, this project has primarily focused on implementation concerns - can mixed criticality be implemented upon multicores without incurring significant run-time implementation overhead? In this paper, we focus upon the workload model assumed in the MC2 framework: we propose several generalizations to the workload model and devise Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based scheduling and schedulability-analysis algorithms for the resulting generalized model.
A Survey of Self-Dual Polyhedra

This paper surveys recent results on self-dual polyhedra. These results include a complete set of constructions for spherical self-dual polyhedra. We discuss similar constructions for projective-planar polyhedra. We next give a construction of involutory polyhedra for general surfaces. We describe an additive construction and a recursive construction. We give some specific results concerning embeddings where both the primal and dual graphs are either complete graphs or complete bipartite graphs. Finally, we give some directions for future research.
Atmospheric Decomposition of Trifluoromethanol Catalyzed by Formic Acid

Quantum chemistry calculations are used to investigate the energetics and kinetics of CF3OH decomposition catalyzed by a single formic acid (FA) molecule acting alone and in conjunction with a sing...
Report of Committee on Infiltration, 1941–42

The membership of the Committee remained unchanged during the year and consisted of H. F. Blaney, II. L. Cook, G. A. Hathaway, R. A. Hertzler, W. W. Horner, M. R. Lewis, G. W. Musgrave (Chairman), and W. N. White. As noted by SHERMAN in a communication to the Committee, the year 1941 witnessed some important developments in the field of applied infiltration: “(a) Recognition of the basic usefulness of the f-curve, the progression-curve of infiltration-capacity; (b) the first signs of agreement upon methodology for utilization of infiltration; (c) the presentation of the infiltration-theory to the engineering profession. Much of this progress has been due to HORNER for his papers before the American Society of Civil Engineers. SHERMAN and HORNER, working on parallel but entirely independent lines, have arrived at the correlation between infiltration-capacity rates and the corresponding volumes of infiltration.”
Modifiability of Longevity and Quality-of-Life Predictors of Older Adults

This chapter emphasizes recent research on quality-of-life enhancement and longevity extension in the world’s growing population of older adults. Today, advances in society, science, and medicine have made contributions to the growing life expectancy seen in citizens in most regions across the world. At the same time, a rise in chronic diseases may be contributing to diminished well-being. Due to this, it is important to understand how applications to life extension may be utilized in such a way as they contribute to the enhancement of quality of life and optimal mental and physical health in this population. Various topics related to overall wellness and longevity modification are explored in the following passages. These include a focus on studies examining the relationship between older adult health, disease, and mortality rates as they associate with location, culture, gene-environment interactions, stress, diet, exercise, and interpersonal relationships. Additionally, recent epidemiological and clinical research studies on wellness and quality of life in the growing older adult population are investigated. Finally, suggestions for future exploration on healthy life extension and enhanced well-being and practical applications for this area of research will be suggested.