cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: prospective clinical experience in 23 patients for 15 years.

Twenty-three patients, including three children, with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) were studied over a 15 year period. Based on the overall course and outcome they were divided into two groups. Group I (24%) had spontaneous remission and received no treatment. Group II (76%), because of progressive dyspnea and deterioration of pulmonary function tests, underwent lung lavage. Of those who underwent lung lavage and were followed, 76% had a favorable response (Group II-a) and a significant number of them developed a complete remission, while 21% (Group II-b) had no response to lung lavage. Group I had higher arterial PO2 and lower alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference [P (A-a)O2] than Group II (72±5 and 38±3 vs 57±4 and 51±3,p<0.05). Similarly, the values of arterial PO2 and P(A-a)O2 were better in Group II-a than Group II-b (57±4 and 51±3 vs 40±6 and 65±11). In lavage material of 16 patients studied, macrophages appeared unusually enlarged and their number (% of differential count) was significantly lower (60±4%) than normal (90–95%). In contrast to previous reports, there was no evidence of active infection related to unusual or opportunistic organisms. No death related to PAP was observed. This prospective long term follow-up of large series of patients with PAP documents the overall course, prognosis and management of this illness.
Developing a Diversity-Competent Workforce: The UA Libraries’ Experience

ABSTRACT Developing and supporting a diverse workforce that reflects the communities we serve is a central value and a customer-based business decision of the University of Arizona (UA) Libraries. In response to data collected through climate surveys, the UA Libraries’ Diversity Committee has been systematically working to improve the organization's climate for diversity. One activity undertaken was the development and incorporation of diversity competencies into the Libraries’ hiring and training processes. This article explores the importance of a diversity-competent workforce, shares the UA Libraries’ experiences in diversity competency development, and suggests why and how other libraries can engage in a similar process.
Volcanism: Eruptions above mantle shear

Why broad fields of volcanism are found in the interior of tectonic plates is hard to explain. Spatial correlations between sheared mantle flow and volcanism suggest that differential motion between surface plates and the mantle generates upwelling and melt.
Urban structure and suburban selectivity

Se informa respecto a los resultados de dos estudios sobre “selectividad suburbana.” El primero es un estudio longitudinal en su orientacon y examina la medida en que las grandes ciudades y sus suburbios estaban tendiendo a “polarizarse” alrededor de lineas de clase entre los anos 1940 y 1960. Nueve de las diez areas metropolitanas mayores exhibian una caracteristica comun: las ciudades centrales mostraban crecimiento en la parte inferior de la estructura socio-economica en tanto que los suburbios mostraban crecimiento en la parte superior. La ciudad de Los Angeles, sin embargo, aparentemente registro aumentos en los dos extremos. El segundo estudio, con diseno de seccion transversal, sugiere que la tipologia de Los Angeles no es exclusiva. En realidad, de un total de 200 areas urbanizadas en 1960, 70 muestran una repreeentacion excesiva de los extremos en sus ciudades centrales. Ademas, otras 24 areas muestran que las clases altas estan excesivamente representadas en la ciudad central y que las clases mas bajas estan excesivamente represeniadas en los suburbios, lo que es exactamente contrario a la caracteristica que uno esperaria con base en las discusiones mas recientes sobre selectividad suburbana. Las areas mas pequenas, mas nuevas y de crecimiento mas rapido tienden a mostrar mas a menudo estas caracteristicas de selectividad suburbana. Las excepcionee al patron anticipado son tambien mas frecuentes en areas cuyas ciudades centrales han estado anexando en forma activa el territorio contiguo durante la ultima decada intercensal. Se observo que la composicion racial no altera estos resultados, ya que la poblacion blanca aisladamente revela las mismas caracteristicas generales. p ]Estos resultados conducen a dos conclusiones preliminares: (1) la imagen comun de las tendencias y diferencias entre la ciudad y sus suburbios es enganosa teniendo por base la experiencia de solamente un tipo de estructura urbana; (2) las variaciones en la estructura urbana producen variaciones predecibles en la selectividad suburbana. La tarea del futuro es determinar si la ciudad de los Estados Unidos y sus suburbios han estado experimentando un tipo especifico de evolucion.
Export decision-making in small firms: the role of organizational learning

Abstract The United States government and many state governments are promoting exports of technology and services in order to strengthen the nation's trade balance and increase its world market share in critical industries. Environmental technology and services have been targeted as an industry with strong export potential. Small- and medium-sized U.S. environmental firms, however, earn only a small percentage of their revenues from international sales. Many obstacles seem to inhibit small firms from responding positively to U.S. export promotion policies, but many of the problems may be rooted in their organizational paradigms and perceptions of external business conditions. This study analyzes how the organizational paradigms of small environmental service firms influence their competitive orientations and interpretations of the opportunities or threats involved in exporting. Our survey found that when these small firms value organizational learning they are more likely to consider exporting as an opportunity and more likely to act on that interpretation. The findings imply that it is not enough for export promotion programs to address small firms' concerns with economic results, they must also enhance their perceptions of the value of learning from exporting.
JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND PERSONALITY AS PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION

The nature of the relationship between job characteristics, personality, and job satisfaction was investigated. A longstanding debate exists between psychologists that believe structural characteristics of the job are the primary determinants of job satisfaction (Kulik, Oldham, & Hackman, 1987; O'Reilly & Roberts, 1975) and those that believe personal attributes of the worker are most important (Hackman & Lawler, 1971; Pervin, 1968). Information was collected from 163 participants on the Job Characteristics Inventory, the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (Form G), and the satisfaction scale of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that job characteristics successfully predicted job satisfaction (average Ra2 =.30). A series of hierarchical regressions indicated that personality had neither a direct effect on satisfaction nor a moderating effect on the job characteristics‐job satisfaction relation. These results indicate that, at least as measured by the MBTI, the characteristics of the individual may be of little importance during job redesign.
Removal of surfactants and particulate matter from sea water desalination blowdown brines by foam fractionation

Abstract The feasibility of recovering anionic surfactants from sea water desalination blowdown brines by foam fractionation was assessed. This work was done in relation to the interface-enhanced vertical tube evaporation desalination process which utilizes surfactant additives to increase evaporation rates. Removal of surfactants (Neodol 25-3A, Shell Chemical Company) was carried out on laboratory and pilot plant scales, with the influence of various operating variables being examined and correlated in terms of models of a well-mixed single stage and a countercurrent column with back-mixing. Surfactant recovery for recycle can reach 95 to 97 percent.
Re-Examination of Mexican American Service Utilization and Mental Health Need

Most discussions of Mexican American mental health need have been limited to analyses of service utilization or rates-under-treatment data. Such analyses have been fairly consistent in showing Mexican Americans to be underutilizers in relation to their occurrence in the general population, and consequently, they have been viewed as a subgroup having greater unmet mental health need than other ethnic subgroups. Yet, these rates-under-treatment studies implicitly assume that the proportion of psychological impairment is equivalent across ethnic sub-groups. RESULTS from recent epidemiologic surveys, and conceptual and methodological shortcomings of the rates-under-treatment method seriously question the accuracy of this approach to need assessment. An alternative conception of mental health need is offered which includes two components believed to be essential to derive an estimate of mental health need for Mexican Americans: the degree to which this subgroup is actually at-risk to develop psychological disorders, and the availability and use of naturally-occurring emotional support networks. Language: en
Vertical Integration in the Pork Industry

This article provides an economic explanation regarding why the share of U.S. pork raised on companyowned farms with hired management (integration) is increasing relative to production through independently owned-and-operated contract growers (contracting). The article develops a property rights model that shows how in certain circumstances production contracts do not transfer sufficient control over the use of production assets to intermediaries. On the other hand, integration removes certain grower incentives, with the result that production on company farms tends to be relatively costly. Practical examples of factors that influence the likelihood of full integration are emphasized. An increasing amount of U.S. hog production is controlled by a small number of very large pork producers. Examination of the “Pork Powerhouse” list published by Successful Farming magazine each October highlights the degree of integration taking place (Freese, 2004). While the top thirty Pork Powerhouses in 1994 owned 15% of all U.S. sows, the top thirty in 2004 had 45% of the total, with the top three alone comprising 21%. Many of these same firms are also involved in processing. For example, the top three Pork Powerhouses are also the first, thirteenth, and seventh largest pork packers in the nation (Adhikari, 2002). Many family farmers view large pork producers as a threat, and federal and state law makers are now considering a variety of policies to limit the business practices of topranking firms. A bill before the 108th Congress would make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter. Another proposal would require packers to procure at least 25% of hogs from spot markets (Carstensen, 2004). Several states already have anti-corporate farming laws that prohibit ownership and husbandry of hogs by large firms; yet, these laws are controversial and are being contested in the courts. Very large pork producers are commonly called “contractors” or “integrators” since they contract production of their hogs out to
Rescuing of deficient killing and phagocytic activities of macrophages derived from non-obese diabetic mice by treatment with geldanamycin or heat shock: potential clinical implications.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to recurrent and uncontrolled infections, with worse prognoses than in healthy individuals. Macrophages (Mϕs) derived from DMT1 individuals have compromised mounting of inflammatory and immune responses. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unknown. It has been shown that the presence of extra- and intracellular heat shock proteins (hsp) positively modulates immune cell function. Using naive Mϕs derived from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a well-established mouse model for DMT1, we demonstrate that heat shock (HS) as well as treatment with geldanamycin (GA), significantly improves diabetic Mϕ activation, resulting in increased phagocytosis and killing of bacteria. Induction of HS did not affect the aberrant NOD-Mϕ cytokine profile, which is characterized by elevated IL-10 levels and normal tumor necrosis factor alpha. Our observations were consistent at pre-diabetic (normal random blood glucose) and diabetic (random blood glucose greater than 250 mg/dl) stages, suggesting that HS and GA treatment may compensate for intrinsic genetic alterations present in diabetic cells regardless of the stage of the disease. The mechanisms associated to this phenomenon are unknown, but they may likely be associated with the induction of hsp expression, a common factor between HS and GA treatment. Our results may open a new field for non-classical function of hsp and indicate that hsp expression may be used as a part of therapeutic approaches for the treatment of complications associated with DMT1 as well as other autoimmune diseases.
Evaluating the limitations of high-speed board testers

The factors which limit both in-circuit and functional test system performance are discussed, and techniques that can be used to minimize their effects are suggested. Two simple models are developed to calculate actual test performance, or to compare different tester models against a hypothetical board design. >
Stabilized Phase-Modulated Rational Harmonic Mode-Locking Soliton Fiber Laser

We realized the repetition rate multiplication in a phase-modulated soliton fiber laser with the rational harmonic mode-locking method. A modified pulse phase-locking method is used to stabilize the fiber laser at 10-GHz repetition rate with the rational harmonic order up to five (limited by the component performance). The laser showed an excellent stabilization performance in a long-term bit-error-rate test
Violence against Women in Kentucky: A History of U.S. and State Legislative Reform. By Carol E. Jordan.

As Carol E. Jordan observes, “Lost in the silence surrounding women’s history in Kentucky are cries that reverberate across generations from women whose lives have been marred by men’s violence—unw...
Robustness of some non‐uniform random variate generators

Often the usefulness of a random variate generator for a distribution is based on the successful generation of independent variates from the uniform distribution. However, no pseudo-random number generator is capable of generating a truly random uniform sequence. As the cost of computations is now dramatically reduced, the computational efficiency should not be the primary criterion in choosing a good generator. Proposed here is a robustness criterion which is designed to study the effect of an imperfect pseudo-random number generator on the accuracy of a random variate generator. In particular, the beta and binomial variate generators are examined for their robustness to the non-uniformity of a pseudo-random number generator.
Numbering binary trees with labeled terminal vertices

For each rooted binary tree witht labeled terminal vertices (leaves) a natural number can be assigned uniquely. Unrooted trees witht labeled terminal vertices andt-2 unlabeled internal vertices of degree 3 can also be numbered uniquely using the same convention. Rooted trees in which the hights of the internal vertices are rank ordered are also considered. Applications to problems in taxonomy are discussed.
The effect of outfitting style on bone mineral density

Aim Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most important risk factors in the development of osteoporosis. Recently, vitamin D deficiency is more frequently encountered than expected in Mediterranean countries, which are sunny most of the time. Our country is one of these sunny countries and here, we investigated the effect of outfitting style on bone mineral density (BMD) and plasma vitamin D levels in women aged between 30–40 years.
Emergency Neurological Life Support: Airway, Ventilation, and Sedation

Airway management and ventilation are central to the resuscitation of the neurologically ill. These patients often have evolving processes that threaten the airway and adequate ventilation. Furthermore, intubation, ventilation, and sedative choices directly affect brain perfusion. Therefore, airway, ventilation, and sedation was chosen as an emergency neurological life support protocol. Topics include airway management, when and how to intubate with special attention to hemodynamics and preservation of cerebral blood flow, mechanical ventilation settings, and the use of sedative agents based on the patient's neurological status.
Numerical solution of the acoustic wave equation using Chebyshev polynomials with application to global acoustics

A new spectral method employing Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions to solve the underwater acoustic wave equation for the normal modes is developed. The Chebyshev polynomials have the advantage of being a particularly efficient and accurate representation of the normal modes (especially those of lower order). The sensitivity of an ocean acoustic thermometer to seasonal changes is then investigated. An estimate of travel time fluctuations due to seasonal variability in the ocean sound speed field is computed using three data sets for some proposed ATOC paths. >
Multiscale 2D Kalman filtering based on wavelet transform

A scale-recursive Kalman filtering on multiscale images from coarse scale to fine scale is proposed which is a generalization of Chou and Willsky's (see Tech. Report CICS-P-333, Center for Intelligent Control System, MIT, May, 1992) model. Through the use of wavelet packet transform, an efficient, highly parallel algorithm has been developed. This scale filtering method can be used to statistically fuse multisensor multiresolution images. >
The relationship between public key encryption and oblivious transfer

In this paper we study the relationships among some of the most fundamental primitives and protocols in cryptography: public-key encryption (i.e. trapdoor predicates), oblivious transfer (which is equivalent to general secure multi-party computation), key agreement and trapdoor permutations. Our main results show that public-key encryption and oblivious transfer are incomparable under black-box reductions. These separations are tightly matched by our positive results where a restricted (strong) version of one primitive does imply the other primitive. We also show separations between oblivious transfer and key agreement. Finally, we conclude that neither oblivious transfer nor trapdoor predicates imply trapdoor permutations. Our techniques for showing negative results follow the oracle separations of R. Impagliazzo and S. Rudich (1989).
The Dry-Entropy Budget of a Moist Atmosphere

The entropy budget has been a popular starting point for theories of the work, or dissipation, performed by moist atmospheres. For a dry atmosphere, the entropy budget provides a theory for the dissipation in terms of the imposed diabatic heat sources. For a moist atmosphere, the difficulties in quantifying irreversible moist processes or the value of the condensation temperature have so far frustrated efforts to construct a theory of dissipation. With this complication in mind, one of the goals here is to investigate the predictive power of the budget of dry entropy (i.e., the heat capacity times the logarithm of potential temperature). Toward this end, the dry-entropy budget is derived for an atmosphere with realistic heat capacities and a solid-water phase, features that were absent from some previous studies of atmospheric entropy. It is shown that the dry-entropy budget may be interpreted as the sum of sources and sinks from six processes, which are, in order of decreasing magnitude, radiative cooling, condensation heating, sensible heating at the surface, wind-generated frictional dissipation, lifting of water, and transport of heat from the melting line to the upper troposphere. This picture leads to an alternative explanation for the low efficiency of the moist atmospheric engine. Numerical simulations are presented from a new cloud-resolving model, Das Atmospharische Modell, which was designed to conserve energy and close the dry-entropy budget. Simulations with and without subgrid diffusion of heat and water are compared to investigate the impact of subgrid parameterizations on the terms in the dry-entropy budget. The numerical results suggest a particularly simple parameterization of wind-generated dissipation that appears to be valid for changes in sea surface temperature and mean wind. The dry-entropy budget also points to various changes in forcings and parameterizations that could be expected to increase or decrease the wind-generated dissipation.
Raman spectra and ab initio calculations for methyl nitrite and methyl‐d3 nitrite

The Raman (4000–10 cm−1) and infrared (4000–80 cm−1) spectra of methyl nitrite, CH3ONO, and methyl nitrite-d3 were recorded in the gas and solid phases. Additionally, the Raman spectra of the pure liquids were recorded and qualitative depolarization values were obtained. Support for the interpretation of these new data is provided by ab initio calculations using the 6–31G* basis set. Complete equilibrium geometries have been determined for both conformers, as well as structures for every 30° rotation about the NO bond. These calculations give a cis/trans barrier of 4015 cm−1 (11.5 kcal mol−1), a trans/cis barrier of 3504 cm−1 (10.0 kcal mol−1) and an enthalpy difference between conformers of 511 cm−1 (1.5 kcal mol−1) with the cis form being more stable. From a variable temperature Raman study of liquid methyl nitrite-d3 it is concluded that the cis form is also more stable in this phase with an enthalpy difference between conformers of 262 ± 3 cm−1 (750 ± 9 cal mol−1). A complete assignment of the vibrational fundamentals is proposed based on band contours, depolarization values, group frequencies and shift factors for the two isotopomers. These assignments are supported by normal coordinate analyses using the ab initio force fields to obtain frequencies and potential energy distributions for both conformers.
Nonlinear hydrodynamic interface instabilities driven by time-dependent accelerations.

We present a model for nonlinear hydrodynamic instabilities of interfaces and the formation of bubbles driven by time-dependent accelerations $g(t)$. To obtain analytic solutions, we map the equation for the bubble amplitude $\ensuremath{\eta}(t)$ onto the Schr\"odinger equation and solve it as an initial value $({\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0},{\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\eta}}}_{0})$ problem in time instead of an eigenvalue problem in space. Very good agreement is obtained with full hydrodynamic simulations. We then apply the WKB approximation to derive scaling with $s=\ensuremath{\int}\sqrt{g(t)}dt$. Bubbles scale while spikes do not. Zitterbewegung, meaning rapid oscillations of $g(t)$ around an average value, has little effect on $\ensuremath{\eta}(t)$.
First Successful Use of 2 Axial Flow Catheters for Percutaneous Biventricular Circulatory Support as a Bridge to a Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device

During the past 2 decades, the use of durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for advanced heart failure has grown exponentially, in large part, because of clinical trials demonstrating improved rates of survival when compared with medical therapy alone.1 Among patients referred for durable MCS implantation, 2 major predictors of poor survival include (1) clinical instability identified as Interagency for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support profiles 1 or 2 and (2) preoperative right ventricular failure.2,3 Right ventricular failure also currently prohibits the use of durable MCS as a destination therapy option. In parallel to growth in durable MCS implants, nondurable or percutaneous MCS device use has also increased since 2007.4 No reports have described the use of percutaneously delivered axial flow catheters to fully support both right and left ventricular (LV) functions before durable MCS implantation. We describe a case illustrating the potential use of axial flow catheters to support a patient with cardiogenic shock caused by biventricular failure (BiVF). A 45-year-old man with stage D ischemic cardiomyopathy and a LV ejection fraction of 10%, moderate RV dysfunction, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation presents with 1 month …
Proteasome inhibition regulates survival and homing in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM)

3259 Background: WM is a biologically unique low grade B-cell lymphoma characterized by high protein turnover. Protein metabolism is a tightly regulated process, and inhibition of its turnover may lead to apoptosis in malignant cells, such as with proteasome inhibitors. We dissect the biological role of proteasome inhibitors NPI-0052 ( N ) and bortezomib ( B ) in WM. Methods: WM cell lines (BCWM1,WSU-WM) and IgM secreting cell lines (MEK1,Namalwa) were used. Bone marrow (BM) primary CD19 + cells and BM stromal cells (BMSC) were obtained from patients with WM, after informed consent. Cytotoxicity and DNA synthesis were measured using MTT assay and [ 3 H]-thymidine uptake, respectively. Synergistic effect of N+B combination was calculated using the CalcuSyn software. Cell signaling and apoptotic pathways were determined by Western Blot. The effect of N + B combination on NF- k B activity was determined using the Active Motif’s-TransAM kit. p65NF- k B nuclear translocation was monitored by immunofluorescence. The chymotrypsin-, trypsin- and caspase-like proteolytic activities of the 20S proteasome were determined by detecting the release of the fluorophore AMC, after cleavage from the labeled substrates specific for each enzymatic activity. The effect of N and B on WM cells in the co-culture with BMSCs was evaluated, as well as their effect on adhesion to fibronectin and migration in vitro and in vivo . Results: N induced cytotoxicity and inhibited DNA synthesis in WM cell line (IC 50 15nM). Similar effects were obtained in all IgM secreting cell lines and in primary CD19 + WM cells (IC 50 18-30nM). No cytotoxicity was observed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at similar doses. The combination of N + B induced synergistic cytotoxicity in WM cells, leading to inhibition of nuclear translocation of p65NF- k B and synergistic induction of caspases-3, -8, -9 and PARP cleavage. B and N inhibited the canonical and non-canonical NF- k B pathways, inhibited p65NF- k B translocation to the nucleus; acted synergistically through their differential effect on the 20S proteasome enzymatic activities and on Akt activity. The inhibition of the caspase-like activity synergistically increased when N and B were used in combination on BCWM.1 cell and CD19+ primary cells. N inhibited PI3K/Akt pathway and Akt activity in BCWM.1 cells, even when combined with B , which induced an increase of Akt phosphorylation. N -induced cytotoxicity was completely abrogated in an Akt-knockdown BCWM.1 cells indicating that its major activity is mediated through the Akt pathway. Moreover, N and B inhibited migration, adhesion in vitro and homing of WM cells in vivo ; and overcame resistance induced by mesenchymal cells or by the addition of IL-6 in a co-culture system. Conclusion: These data enhance our understanding of the biological role of the proteasome pathway in WM, and provide the preclinical basis for clinical trials of combinations of proteasome inhibitors in WM.
Nitric oxide in asthma. Pathogenic, therapeutic, or diagnostic?

Nitrogen monoxide, more commonly called nitric oxide or simply NO, is a fascinating free radical molecule, which participates in a broad range of important physiologic processes, including vasodilation, neurotransmission, and host defense. NO is generated from L -arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), of which there are three known isoforms. Types I and III NOS, found predominantly in neurons and endothelium, respectively, are constitutively expressed and are dependent upon calcium for activity. The third isoform, NOS II, can be expressed by a wide range of cells primarily after it has been induced by certain cytokines, microbes, or microbial products (1, 2). All three isoforms are dimeric, with each subunit containing iron protoporpyrin IX, tetrahydrobiopterin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and binding sites for
Abstract 2848: SHLP6: A naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptide has therapeutic potential in prostate cancer

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been demonstrated in prostate cancer, particularly at the 16S rRNA region; and abnormal mRNA transcripts from that locus have been described. We and others showed that a novel open reading frame (ORF) within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA region, encoding for a 24 AA peptide called humanin, is a potent cell-survival and metabolic factor. Hypothesizing that additional bioactive peptides may be encoded from this region we identified an additional six ORFs that encode peptides transcribed from within the 16s rRNA gene in the mtDNA, which we have named small humanin-like peptides, or SHLPs. SHLP1-5 are functionally analogous to humanin, and act as potent survival factors. Intriguingly an additional peptide, SHLP6, functions in a completely opposing manner. We demonstrate that endogenous SHLP6 is expressed in serum and in multiple tissues, including the prostate, and that its expression declines with age. In addition, the addition of exogenous SHLP6 promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines including 22RV1, LNCaP and DU145. To assess the in vivo potency of SHLP6, we treated 22RV1 xenografts in SCID mice with SHLP6 for 1 week, and observed a potent inhibition of CaP xenograft growth and angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, we show that SHLP6 expression is decreased in preliminary staining of human prostate cancer, compared with normal prostate tissue. Analysis of gene and protein expression of SHLP6 treated cells reveals modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis genes and a dramatic inhibition of VEGF expression. Importantly, treatment of prostate cells with siRNA against SHLP6 leads to a dramatic increase in VEGF expression, suggesting that endogenous SHLP6 plays a role in the regulation of VEGF levels. We therefore propose the revolutionary concept that a previously unrecognized family of peptides is produced from the mitochondria and that one of these, SHLP6, plays a key role in regulating angiogenesis, is altered in prostate cancer, and may serve as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic agent in this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2848. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2848
Action of Aeromonas hydrophila Complex on Carbohydrate Substrates

The carbohydrase activity of Aeromonas hydrophila on 25 carbohydrate substrates was examined for: acid production, gas production, hydrolysis, oxidation, and degradation. Quantitative evaluations included zone ratio(R), rate of substrate degradation, and quantity of substrate by-products produced. All 164 A. hydrophila complex strains produced acid from fructose, galactose, maltose, mannitol, trehalose, dextrin, and glycogen; 99.4% of the strains produced acid from glucose, 98.8% from mannose, and 98.2% from glycerol. Acid production from other carbohydrates(arabinose, salicin, cellobiose, sucrose, and lactose)varied. Acid production from cellobiose and lactose was slow and weak, implying a catabolitic repression. Reactions of gas production from carbohydrates were intercorrelated, and correlated positively with gas production from formic acid. Gas production from glucose was observed in 86.6% of the strains. Gas production from other carbohydrates was observed in fewer percent. In polysaccharide utilization tests, starch and chitin were hydrolyzed by 100% and 96.3% of the strains, respectively; No strains utilized algin, pectin, or cellulose; chondrointin sulfate and hyaluronic acid were degraded by 5.5% of the strains, suggesting a chondroitinase similar to that of Proteus or Elavobacteria. Other carbohydrase reactions included esculin hydrolysis, 85.9%; gluconic acid oxidation, 78.0%; and ONPG hydrolysis, 97.5%. Correlation and Chi-square independence analysis indicated relationships among these carbohydrase reactions and showed that carbohydrase reactions were associated with isolate origin.
Vancomycin Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics in Children with Cerebral Ventricular Shunt Infections

This study described the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposure of vancomycin in 8 children prescribed intravenous vancomycin therapy for cerebral ventricular shunt infection. Vancomycin CSF concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 9.13 mg/L and the CSF: plasma ratio ranged from 0 to 0.66. Two of 3 children with a staphylococcal CSF infection had CSF concentrations greater than minimal inhibitory concentration at the end of the dosing interval.
Numerical Analysis of Ultrafast Acoustic Wave Generated by Picosecond Laser Pulse in Multilayers

A numerical approach is presented to describe how ultrafast acoustic wave is generated by laser pulse in multilayer thin films. Transient surface displacement obtained through simulation is confirmed by the experiment measurement data. Analyzing results with the two temperature model, it is able to determine the interfacial thermal resistance. Optical reflectance changes are obtained by combining the contributions of thermal and acoustic effects, which agree with the experiment well.
Physiological Comparisons between Offspring of the Yellow Mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, Obtained from Young and from Old Parents

The rate of oxygen consumption of larvae and adult beetles did not differ between individuals obtained from young parents (less than 3 weeks) and those obtained from old parents (more than 6 weeks after emergence). Cytochrome oxidase activity was low in larvae and increased on emergence of the adults, the increase continuing during the first week of adult life. The high activity was maintained during the next 4 weeks in beetles from young parents, but showed a significant decrease during the second week in those from old parents; from the 6th to the 12th week the rates were approximately the same in both groups. Both acid and alkaline phosphatases were more active with than without added MgCU. Each enzyme became more active during the first 2 weeks, then decreased in activity during the remainder of adult life. Total phosphatase activity, obtained by summing the activities of the acid and alkaline enzymes, was higher during the greater part of adult life in offspring from old than in those from young parents.
Detection Management System of Coal for Power Generation based on Integrated Workfl ow

To improve the management system and enhance the management level, a detection management system of coal for power generation based on integrated workflow is designed and developed. The system is based on standard process of coal quality detection process and achieves information management covering the steps including sample commission, detection, verification, approval and inspection report issue, so the work efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the system integrates the workflow engine based on state machine and realizes flexible configuration and real-time monitoring, the extension of system, the complexity of system and the workload of software development is improved. The system construction provides an effective technical means for standardization of coal quality detection and leakage prevention. The system has good practicability.
Thickness-Dependent and Magnetic-Field-Driven Suppression of Antiferromagnetic Order in Thin V5S8 Single Crystals.

With materials approaching the 2D limit yielding many exciting systems with intriguing physical properties and promising technological functionalities, understanding and engineering magnetic order in nanoscale, layered materials is generating keen interest. One such material is V5S8, a metal with an antiferromagnetic ground state below the Neel temperature TN ∼ 32 K and a prominent spin-flop signature in the magnetoresistance (MR) when H∥c ∼ 4.2 T. Here we study nanoscale-thickness single crystals of V5S8, focusing on temperatures close to TN and the evolution of material properties in response to systematic reduction in crystal thickness. Transport measurements just below TN reveal magnetic hysteresis that we ascribe to a metamagnetic transition, the first-order magnetic-field-driven breakdown of the ordered state. The reduction of crystal thickness to ∼10 nm coincides with systematic changes in the magnetic response: TN falls, implying that antiferromagnetism is suppressed; and while the spin-flop signa...
The Language of Extremity The Language of Extreme Members and How the Presence of Extremity Affects Group Discussion

Using the linguistic software Linguistic Inquiry Word Count, we analyzed transcripts of group discussions of whether the words “under God” should be in the Pledge of Allegiance. We hypothesized tha...
Immediate multi-threaded dynamic software updates using stack reconstruction

We propose a new approach for dynamic software updates. This approach allows updating applications that until now could not be updated at runtime at all or could be updated but with a possibly indefinite delay between the time an update is initiated and the time the update is effected (during this period no service is provided). Unlike existing approaches, we allow arbitrary changes to functions active on the stack and without requiring the programmer to anticipate the future evolution of a program. We argue, using actual examples, that this capability is needed to dynamically update common real applications. At the heart of our approach is a stack reconstruction technique that allows all functions on the call stack to be updated at the same time to guarantee that all active functions have the same version after an update. This is the first general approach that maintains both code and data representation consistency for multi-threaded applications. Our system UpStare was used to update the PostgreSQL database management system (more than 200,000 lines of code) and apply 5.5 years-worth of updates to the very secure FTP server vsFTPd (about 12,000 lines of code).
Quantifying evolutionary dynamics of swarm chemistry.

This paper reports our recent efforts to quantitatively characterize the evolutionary dynamics of self-organizing patterns observed in Swarm Chemistry. Swarm Chemistry (Sayama 2009) is an artificial chemistry framework that can demonstrate self-organization of dynamic patterns of kinetically interacting heterogeneous particles. A swarm population in Swarm Chemistry consists of a number of simple self-propelled particles moving in a twodimensional continuous space. Each particle can perceive average positions and velocities of other particles within its local perception range, and change its velocity in discrete time steps according to kinetic rules similar to those of Reynolds’ Boids (Reynolds 1987). Each particle is assigned with its own kinetic parameter settings (similar to genotype) that specify preferred speed, local perception range, and strength of each kinetic rule. Particles that share the same set of kinetic parameter settings are considered of the same type. Several model extensions introduced in our recent work, including local information transmission among particles and their stochastic differentiation/re-differentiation, have made the model capable of showing morphogenesis and self-repair (Sayama 2010) and autonomous ecological/evolutionary behaviors of selforganized “super-organisms” made of a number of swarming particles (Sayama 2011; see Fig. 1).
Growth of composite conduits utilizing longitudinal arterial autograft in growing lambs.

We examined the growth potential of a longitudinal strip of autologous aortic wall incorporated in an autologous pericardial conduit in 10 lambs (mean age 26 days, mean weight 10.1 kg). A 15 mm length of descending thoracic aorta (diameter 11.5 ± 7 mm) was excised and replaced with a composite autograft conduit of autologous pericardium with a longitudinally inserted aortic strip 5 mm in width taken from the excised aortic tissue. Radiopaque markers along all suture lines allowed determination of growth of the aortic strip relative to growth of the composite conduit and descending aorta, in addition to growth assessment by pathologic analysis. Plain x-ray films and aortograms were performed at 7 days (baseline) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. No graft became stenotic or aneurysmal. The diameter of the descending aorta distal to the conduit increased from 11.7 ± 1.3 mm to 18.7 ±2.1 mm. Appropriate growth of the autograft conduit was demonstrated by a minimal change in the diameter ratio of conduit to distal aorta from 1.00 to 1.02 during a period of 12 months. The aortic strip increased to 172 % ± 19%, 148% ± 15%, and 256% ± 31% of baseline width, length, and area, respectively (p horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:47—51)
Flow of blood in micro-channels: recent results based on mixture theory

Blood, composed of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells, platelets and plasma, is a non-linear fluid exhibiting complex behavior, such as plasma-skimming and the Fahraeus effect, which are observed especially in microscale applications. In this paper, we use Mixture Theory to model blood as a two-fluid (two-component) system. Plasma is treated as a viscous fluid and the RBCs are modeled as a nonlinear fluid with a shear dependent viscosity, with the effect of the hematocrit included. The drag force and the shear lift force between the RBCs and plasma are also accounted for. We present an overview of our recent studies which show very good agreement between our numerical results and available experimental results.
Transgenic Mice Expressing MCP-1 by the Urothelium Demonstrate Bladder Hypersensitivity, Pelvic Pain and Voiding Dysfunction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research Network Animal Model Study.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is one of the key chemokines that play important roles in diverse inflammatory and chronic pain conditions. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder characterized by the hallmark symptoms of pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction. To facilitate IC/BPS research, we used transgenic technology to develop a novel urothelial MCP-1 secretion mouse model (URO-MCP-1). A transgene consisting of the uroplakin II gene promoter and the mouse MCP-1 coding sequence with a secretory element was constructed and microinjected. URO-MCP-1 mice were found to express MCP-1 mRNA in the bladder epithelium and MCP-1 protein in the urine, and developed bladder inflammation 24 hours after intravesical administration of a single sub-noxious dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inflamed bladders of URO-MCP-1 mice exhibited elevated mRNAs for interleukin (IL)-1s, IL-6, substance P precursor, and nerve growth factor as well as increased macrophage infiltration. In parallel with these phenotypic changes, URO-MCP-1 mice manifested significant functional changes at days 1 and 3 after cystitis induction. These functional changes included pelvic pain as measured by von Frey filament stimulation and voiding dysfunction (increased urinary frequency, reduced average volume voided per micturition, and reduced maximum volume voided per micturition) as measured by micturition cages. Micturition changes remained evident at day 7 after cystitis induction, although these changes were not statistically significant. Control wild-type C57BL/6 mice manifested no clear changes in histological, biochemical and behavioral features after similar cystitis induction with LPS. Taken together, our results indicate that URO-MCP-1 mice are hypersensitive to bladder irritants such as LPS and develop pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction upon cystitis induction, providing a novel model for IC/BPS research.
Stimulation of Potent Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses Using Semiallogenic Dendritic Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

The major objective of this study is to develop a novel and broadly applicable immunotherapy platform against cancer and infectious diseases. We hypothesized that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could serve as a source for generating dendritic cells (DC) with potent immunostimulatory function. One advantage of using hESC-derived DC in clinical settings is the ability to generate virtually unlimited amounts of antigen presenting cells for vaccination. Although hESC-derived DC are not genetically identical to the recipient patient, antigen processing and presentation can be facilitated by matching hESC to recipients that share HLA class I alleles. Another advantage of this technology is that hESC express highly polymorphic HLA class II molecules that serve as major rejection antigens, thereby augmenting the antigen-specific T-cell response in the cancer patient. In the current study, we have established a novel three-step method to differentiate hESC (H9 cell line) into mature DC sequentially through hematopoietic stem cell and myeloid precursor stages. During the first step, 10–15% CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were generated by co-culturing hESCs with the bone marrow stromal cell line OP9. During the second step, these CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were differentiated into CD45 + CD33 + myeloid precursors and further expanded in the presence of GM-CSF. In the final step, all myeloid precursors were differentiated into mature DC using a cytokine cocktail including GM-CSF, Flt-3L and TNF-α. Using this method, we were able to generate approximately 1 × 10 8 mature hESC-derived DCs (hESDC) with ≥ 80% purity. These hESDC exhibited a similar phenotype than monocyte-derived DC with high expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD11c, CD54, CD40 and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Upon activation with proinflammatory cytokines, the hESDC secreted IL-12p70 and migrated in response to MIP-3β. In mixed lymphocyte reaction assays, hESDC exhibited strong allo-stimulatory capacity. Moreover, peptide-loaded mature hESDCs were able to stimulate antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell responses against the EBV peptide BMLF1 280-288 and the MART-1 peptide (ELAGIGILTV) in a HLA-A2-restricted manner. Most importantly, hESDC stimulated HLA-A2 + MART-1 peptide-specific CD8 + T cells in vitro that were capable of recognizing and killing the HLA-A2 + melanoma cell line Malena-3M. These data suggest the development of a scalable DC platform that could be applied in clinical immunotherapy protocols.
Confronting the Enemy

We ran into a big problem in the summer of 2007: a proposed bill in Congress to reform the immigration system stirred up an angry backlash throughout the country. One typical (misspelled) comment online stated, “Illitterate find a new home!” After the bill passed the Senate on May 24, the AM radio airwaves lit up with callers expressing outrage.
A Solar Photovoltaic System for Marine Ranch

Abstract A 10.7 kW photovoltaic system for a marine ranch was installed on a concrete barge on the sea and has been in operation since August 1986. The system consists of two power lines and line 1 supplies power to responsible loads through storage batteries while line 2 supplies surplus power directly to an artificial fish reef for electro-deposition. As a result, all the generated power is utilized efficiently. Acquired data show that the system operated normally with a high system efficiency of 7.1 %. The cost of generated electricity is estimated to be several times less than that of conventional one supplied with zinc-air battery.