cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small Cell-like Change in Central Zone Histology-A New Observation Mimicking Cribriform Intraductal Prostatic Adenocarcinoma.

A small cell-like change in prostate has been described in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma, and invasive prostate cancer. It occurs when t...
The risk of clinical complications and death among pregnant women with COVID-19 in the Cerner COVID-19 cohort: a retrospective analysis.

Pregnant women are potentially a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19, because of physiologic immune suppression in pregnancy. However, data on the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 among pregnant women, compared to nonpregnant women, are sparse and inconclusive. We sought to assess the impact of pregnancy on COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality, with particular attention to the impact of pre-existing comorbidity. We used retrospective data from January through June 2020 on female patients aged 18–44 years old utilizing the Cerner COVID-19 de-identified cohort. We used mixed-effects logistic and exponential regression models to evaluate the risk of hospitalization, maximum hospital length of stay (LOS), moderate ventilation, invasive ventilation, and death for pregnant women while adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, insurance, Elixhauser AHRQ weighted Comorbidity Index, diabetes history, medication, and accounting for clustering of results in similar zip-code regions. Out of 22,493 female patients with associated COVID-19, 7.2% (n = 1609) were pregnant. Crude results indicate that pregnant women, compared to non-pregnant women, had higher rates of hospitalization (60.5% vs. 17.0%, P < 0.001), higher mean maximum LOS (0.15 day vs. 0.08 day, P < 0.001) among those who stayed < 1 day, lower mean maximum LOS (2.55 days vs. 3.32 days, P < 0.001) among those who stayed ≥1 day, and higher moderate ventilation use (1.7% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.001) but showed no significant differences in rates of invasive ventilation or death. After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, pregnant women, compared to non-pregnant women, saw higher odds in hospitalization (aOR: 12.26; 95% CI (10.69, 14.06)), moderate ventilation (aOR: 2.35; 95% CI (1.48, 3.74)), higher maximum LOS among those who stayed < 1 day, and lower maximum LOS among those who stayed ≥1 day. No significant associations were found with invasive ventilation or death. For moderate ventilation, differences were seen among age and race/ethnicity groups. Among women with COVID-19 disease, pregnancy confers substantial additional risk of morbidity, but no difference in mortality. Knowing these variabilities in the risk is essential to inform decision-makers and guide clinical recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in pregnant women.
Effectiveness of cervicothoracic and thoracic manual physical therapy in managing upper quarter disorders - a systematic review.

Systematic review.Physical therapists often use cervicothoracic and thoracic manual techniques to treat musculoskeletal disorders of the upper quarter ,however, the overall effectiveness of this ap...
Rational Cone of Norm-Invariant Vectors Under a Matrix Action

Starting from one example suggested by Dr. Robert Lopez in a Maple webinar, we study directions along which the norms of vectors are preserved under a matrix, regarded as a linear map. In particular, we find families of\(2 \times 2\) matrices for which these directions are determined by integer vectors. We also explore a few examples of \(3 \times 3\) matrices.
The decay 1- → 0- γ and 0- → 1- γ in a broken-SU 4 model

The decay rates for the radiative processes 1− → 0− γ and 0− → 1− γ are calculated with a phenomenological Hamiltonian in a broken-SU4 model proposed by Gaillardet al., using the mixing scheme of Kajantieet al. and introducing a mass-dependent suppression factor. The model predicts the existence of a vector meson ϕc and of pseudoscalar mesons ηc of masses 2.77 GeV and 2.37 GeV, respectively. The rates we found are either in the keV range or smaller.
Differences of edge properties in photographs and paintings

We compare the properties of intensity and color edges in photographs of real scenes and paintings. We demonstrate that paintings contain significantly more color-only edges, whereas the amount of intensity-only edges does not differ significantly between the two classes. In addition, color edge strength is significantly higher for paintings. The differences between paintings and photographs are more accentuated when high-resolution, losslessly compressed images are used. These distinguishing features can be used for the automatic differentiation between the two classes of images.
Redesign of article pages for Optics Letters: editorial

Optics Letters announces the redesign of its journal article pages and new manuscript templates for authors.
Abstract 15590: Effect of Home-Based Follow up Intervention on Readmissions and Mortality in Heart Failure Patients - A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with significant morbidity, recurrent re-admissions, poor overall prognosis and increased mortality. Our aim was to determine whether a home-based intervention (HBI) improves re-admissions or mortality outcomes compared to usual care for heart failure patients. Methods: Medline Indexed and Non-indexed, Embase, and PsychINFO were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).All RCTs that examined the impact of HBI in CHF patients. The studies with sample size <50 and those that used tele-medicine monitoring were excluded. Two independent investigators assessed the studies against an a priori inclusion criteria and disagreements were resolved by mutual discussion. Results: We used reported event rates for all studies to compute cumulative odds ratio and p-value for re-admission rate and mortality. Pre-specified subgroup analysis was performed to assess the difference in readmission rate and mortality according to the length of follow-up. Summary...
Prostaglandin D₂ receptor CRTH2 antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Publisher Summary Since the discovery of CRTH2 as a PGD2 receptor almost 10 years ago, a large number of highly potent carboxylic acid-based CRTH2 antagonists have been reported. A number of them have been advanced into phase II clinical trials. The data from these trials will validate whether CRTH2 selective antagonists alone or CRTH2 and DP dual antagonists will be beneficial for treating asthma and other allergic conditions. Receptor binding assays may be used to measure the ability of an antagonist to inhibit ligand binding to a receptor. PGD2 binds human CRTH2 with a dissociation constant (KD) of 12.9 nM and human DP with a KD of 1.5 nM. There are additional agonists that are highly selective for either CRTH2 or DP that have been used for investigating receptor functions in various assays. Indomethacin was identified as a CRTH2 receptor agonist shortly after the discovery of the receptor. This agent could induce Ca2+ mobilization in CRTH2-transfected K562 cells and in cultured Th2 cells, and induce the chemotaxis of Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. The effects of indomethacin were blocked by treatment with a neutralizing anti-CRTH2 monoclonal antibody BM7.
Fog Lamps: Frequency of Installation and Nature of Use

The goal of this study was to provide information about the frequency of installation and use of fog lamps. Two surveys were performed. In the first one, installation of fog lamps was estimated by a survey of parked vehicles in two large shopping centers. The second survey studied the usage of fog lamps during daytime and nighttime, under clear, rainy, or foggy conditions. In this survey, an observer in a moving vehicle noted the types of lamps that were energized on the fronts of oncoming vehicles, and whether fog lamps were installed at all.
Spacecraft inertia estimation via constrained least squares

This paper presents a new formulation for spacecraft inertia estimation from flight data. Specifically, the inertia estimation problem is formulated as a constrained least squares minimization problem with explicit bounds on the inertia matrix incorporated as LMIs (linear matrix inequalities). The resulting minimization problem is a semidefinite optimization problem that can be solved efficiently with guaranteed convergence to the global optimum by readily available algorithms. This method is applied to test data collected from a robotic testbed consisting of a free rotating body. The results show that the constrained least squares approach produces more accurate estimates of the inertia matrix than standard unconstrained least squares estimation methods.
HAMP domain structural determinants for signalling and sensory adaptation in Tsr, the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor

HAMP domains mediate input-output transactions in many bacterial signalling proteins. To clarify the mechanistic logic of HAMP signalling, we constructed Tsr-HAMP deletion derivatives and characterized their steady-state signal outputs and sensory adaptation properties with flagellar rotation and receptor methylation assays. Tsr molecules lacking the entire HAMP domain or just the HAMP-AS2 helix generated clockwise output signals, confirming that kinase activation is the default output state of the chemoreceptor signalling domain and that attractant stimuli shift HAMP to an overriding kinase-off signalling state to elicit counter-clockwise flagellar responses. Receptors with deletions of the AS1 helices, which free the AS2 helices from bundle-packing constraints, exhibited kinase-off signalling behaviour that depended on three C-terminal hydrophobic residues of AS2. We conclude that AS2/AS2' packing interactions alone can play an important role in controlling output kinase activity. Neither kinase-on nor kinase-off HAMP deletion outputs responded to sensory adaptation control, implying that out-of-range conformations or bundle-packing stabilities of their methylation helices prevent substrate recognition by the adaptation enzymes. These observations support the previously proposed biphasic, dynamic-bundle mechanism of HAMP signalling and additionally show that the structural interplay of helix-packing interactions between HAMP and the adjoining methylation helices is critical for sensory adaptation control of receptor output.
Friendship Quality, Peer Group Affiliation, and Peer Antisocial Behavior as Moderators of the Link Between Negative Parenting and Adolescent Externalizing Behavior.

Quality of peer relationships and perceived peer antisocial behavior were examined as moderators of the link between negative parenting and externalizing behavior problems in school from middle childhood to early adolescence. Data on negative parenting (i.e., unilateral parental decision making, low supervision and awareness, and harsh discipline) were collected from 362 parents in the summer preceding the adolescents' entry into Grade 6. Adolescent reports of positive peer relationships and peer antisocial behavior were assessed in the winter of Grade 7. The outcome measure was teacher report of adolescent externalizing behavior in the spring of Grade 7, controlling for externalizing behavior in Grade 5. High levels of friendship quality and peer group affiliation attenuated the association between unilateral parental decision making and adolescent externalizing behavior in school; this was particularly true when adolescents associated with peers perceived to be low in antisocial behavior. In addition, having low-quality peer relationships and having peers perceived to be highly antisocial further amplified the association between unilateral parental decision making and adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Finally, high levels of friend and peer group antisocial behavior exacerbated the predictiveness of harsh discipline for adolescents' externalizing behavior.
Successful Treatment of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Ventriculitis in a Pediatric Patient with Linezolid

Although vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infection of the central nervous system is not common, this organism is becoming an increasing problem in nosocomial infections. We report a 17-month-old male infant with an externalized ventricular peritoneal shunt secondary to infection who subsequently developed a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis. This infection was successfully treated with a 28-day course of linezolid while monitoring linezolid drug levels in both the cerebral spinal fluid and serum. This case supports the use of linezolid in treating such resistant infections. However, our drug level results suggest that further investigation is needed to determine the optimal dosing of linezolid in treatment of central nervous system infection in pediatric patients.
Popliteomeniscal Fasciculi and Lateral Meniscal Stability

In an attempt to understand better the contribution of the anteroinferior and posterosuperior popliteomeniscal fasciculi to lateral meniscus stability, we objectively evaluated the stability of the lateral meniscus before and after sequentially sectioning these fasciculi. In the biomechanical model, we attempted to account for the inherent limitations of arthroscopic evaluation of lateral meniscal stability. When the fasciculi were intact, the average lateral meniscal motion with a 10-N load was 3.6 mm. When the anteroinferior fascicle was disrupted, the average lateral meniscal motion with a 10-N load was 5.4 mm. The mean increase in motion from the intact state was 1.8 mm or 50%, which was significant. When both fasciculi were disrupted, the average lateral meniscal motion with 10-N load was 6.4 mm. The mean increase in motion from the intact state was 2.8 mm or 78% and from the single fascicle disruption state was 1.0 mm or 18%, both differences were significant. The meniscus did not become locked with any of these loading trials, and it spontaneously reduced to the original position when unloaded. Both fasciculi make significant contributions to meniscal stability. Even though the meniscus never became locked in the joint when loaded during this study, with the variable loads seen with normal activities mechanical symptoms might be expected when meniscal motion is almost double. An increase in lateral meniscal motion at the time of surgery may aid in the diagnosis of fasciculi disruption, despite normal meniscal structure on magnetic resonance images and at arthroscopic visualization.
Cardiac receptor physiology and imaging: An update

Understanding cardiac receptor physiology is crucial to the study of cardiovascular diseases. The availability of noninvasive imaging technology in studying cardiac receptors has greatly expanded our knowledge of their roles in the pathogenesis of several cardiac disorders such as ischemia and heart failure. The dynamic nature of imaging “physiology” rather than anatomy often requires precise imaging protocols and complex mathematical modeling. The use of radiolabeled ligands adds the additional complications of radiation safety and radiopharmaceutical synthesis. Successful utilization of this technology must involve collaborative efforts of cardiologists, radiologists, radiochemists, physicists, mathematicians, technologists, and of course, referring physicians. Cardiac receptor imaging offers, in return, not only tremendous opportunities for scientific discovery in physiology and pathophysiology, but also opportunities for clinical decision making. Imaging is a powerful tool for following the patients’ responses to therapy and for predicting prognosis and dictating treatment. Much more effort is still needed to develop radiopharmaceutical agents for the various receptors and parts of the receptor systems that cannot be imaged currently. More research needs to be done to expand this technology for wider clinical application.
Real structure of mixed ferroelectric solids

Abstract In ferroelectric solids, in particular in mixed ferroelectric solids exhibiting a relaxor ferroelectric behavior, atoms can be locally displaced from the average periodic structure by a significant amount. Therefore the crystallographic structural analysis which presumes periodicity can lead to incorrect description of the structure for these systems. An alternative method of real-space analysis based upon the use of atomic pair-distribution function is advocated to facilitate the realistic description of the structure.
Spectral Properties of One-Dimensional Diffusive Systems Subject to Stochastic Forcing

The vertical wavenumber and frequency spectra of horizontal wind and temperature in stochastically driven systems with diffusion, either due to uniform background eddy and molecular transport, or due to adjustment processes associated with shear or convective instability, are studied. Because of the dominating role of vertical transport in a stratified fluid, one-dimensional Langevin-type equations could be ascribed to such systems in the vertical direction. The linear equation with uniform diffusion is solved explicitly, and the spectra follow power-law distributions if the stochastic force is Gaussian. The nonlinear equations with gradient (either shear or lapse rate) dependent diffusion coefficients are shown to support scale invariance, and the power-law indices of the spectra are determined from dynamic renormalization group (DRG) analysis under rather general conditions. The exact power-law indices vary with the spectrum of the stochastic force and the nonlinearity of the systems. If the wavenumber spectrum of the force is moderately red (between k 0 and k 2 ), the spectral indices of horizontal wind and temperature and the range of their variability are in general agreement with those inferred from wind and temperature measurements. The indices in both linear and nonlinear cases are confirmed by numerical simulations. This theory may suggest an alternative explanation to the universal vertical wavenumber and frequency spectra and their variability. By relating the universal spectra to systems characterized by stochastic forcing and background diffusion or diffusive adjustment due to shear or convective instability, which are ubiquitous in a stratified fluid, the difficulty to associate the time- and location-independent spectral features directly with the highly time- and location-dependent gravity waves or wave-breaking events is avoided. If such systems are suggestive of the real atmosphere, there is a need to be cautious in making assumptions regarding gravity waves solely based on the universal spectra when analyzing and interpreting wind and temperature observations.
Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult: What Should the Adult Cardiologist Know?

There is an increasing population of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to successful pediatric medical and surgical intervention, and commensurate with this increase is a rise in heart failure, hospital admissions, and hospital costs among adult CHD patients. This group of patients requires careful long-term evaluation and follow-up of the residua and sequelae of their cardiac anomalies that arise in adulthood to prevent late complications. This article addresses congenital heart defects that are encountered in a general adult cardiology practice and reviews clinical, anatomic, and imaging features of each lesion, fundamental management issues, indications for interventions (and often re-interventions), issues related to endocarditis prophylaxis, pregnancy, and appropriateness of referral to a dedicated adult CHD program for long-term care.
The effectiveness of isobutyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for the treatment of corneal perforations.

Purpose To study the results of treatment of corneal perforations with isobutyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Design Retrospective case series. Methods The charts of 20 patients (22 eyes) with corneal perforation ≤3 mm in size treated with isobutyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive were reviewed for etiology of perforation, visual outcome, and complications. Results Nine of the 22 eyes (40.9%) healed with application of adhesive alone. The mean interval of time needed for healing was 33.4 days. Visual acuity improved in seven eyes (77.8%) and remained stable in two (22.2%). Seven eyes (31.8%) proceeded to penetrating keratoplasty (PK) with the adhesive in place. Of these, visual acuity improved in five (71.4%), remained stable in one (14.3%), and decreased in one (14.3%). Six eyes (27.3%) required more than one application of adhesive. Conclusions Isobutyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is highly effective at treating corneal perforations. Approximately half of the perforations ≤3 mm healed and visual acuity improved in most of these eyes.
Angiotensin II induces phosphorylation of glucose-regulated protein-75 in WB rat liver cells

Abstract Studies in vascular smooth muscle cells suggest that, angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated cellular response requires transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), and involves tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1. Here we demonstrate that, exposure of WB rat liver cells to Ang II does not cause transactivation of EGF-R, but did rapidly activate p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases suggesting that it activates MAP kinases independent of EGF-R transactivation. We observed that the phospho-specific anti-caveolin-1 antibody detected a tyrosine phosphorylated, 75 kDa protein in Ang II-treated cells which we identified as glucose regulated protein-75 (GRP-75). Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that Ang II induced its phosphorylation at tyrosine, serine and threonine residues and was localized to the cytoplasm. The ability of Ang-II to induce GRP-75 phosphorylation suggests that it may play a role in the protection of cytoplasmic proteins from the damaging effect of oxidative stress known to be produced during Ang-II induced signaling.
Network Theory of Organization: A Multilevel Approach:

Management research regularly considers social networks and their effects on a wide range of organizational phenomena. Scholars employing the social network perspective have generated a considerable body of organizational research, with much of this scholarship single-level in its focus: exploring how networks of individuals, groups, or firms relate to organizational outcomes at the same level of analysis. However, given that organizations are multilevel systems, a network theory of the organization should, by definition, be multilevel in its scope, considering how networks at one level of the organizational system influence networks at higher and/or lower levels. In this article, the authors overlay canonical multilevel theory on the social network perspective to derive postulates defining the broad theoretical domain of a multilevel network theory of organization. The link between these two theoretical perspectives is the graph theoretical notion of systems of nested networks, allowing the authors to ex...
Arachidonic acid metabolism by lipoxygenase pathways in intrauterine tissues of women at term of pregnancy

Intrauterine tissues from women at term of pregnancy metabolized arachidonic acid by way of lipoxygenase pathways that included 5-, 12-, and 15- lipoxygenases. The major lipoxygenase product formed by amnion obtained before labor was leukotriene B4 and after labor was 12- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). Chorion laeve and decidua vera synthesized predominantly 15-HETE at all times and placenta produced mainly 12-HETE. Trends existed for increased prostaglandin formation with labor by amnion, chorion laeve and decidua vera and for increased lipoxygenase product formation by chorion laeve, decidua vera and placenta. It is suggested that products of arachidonic acid metabolism by way of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways play significant roles in the control of fetal and uteroplacental hemodynamics and the mechanism(s) of parturition.
A Review of “Military Legacies: A World Made by War”

This book addresses the negative impacts of warfare and weapons on the landscape and its inhabitants, focusing on the longer term deleterious effects. Tyner starts with the mental stress on soldier...
Negative carbon cluster ion beams: New evidence for the special nature of C60

Abstract Cold carbon cluster negative ions are formed by supersonic expansion of a plasma created at the nozzle of a supersonic cluster beam source by an excimer laser pulse. The observed distribution of mass peaks for the C − n ions for n > 40 demon- strates that the evidence previously given for the special stability of neutral C 60 and the existence of spheroidal carbon shells cannot be an artifact of the ionization conditions.
Epitope specificity of H-2Kb-restricted, HSV-1-, and HSV-2-cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones.

Abstract HSV-1-specific and HSV-1/HSV-2-cross-reactive H-2K b -restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were derived from a pool of splenic memory CTL (CTLm) obtained from HSV-l-infected C57BL/6 mice. Two of the HSV-1/HSV-2-cross-reactive CTL clones recognized HSV gB since H-2 b cells infected with a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing HSV glycoprotein B (gB) provided a target for these CTL clones. The CTL recognition epitope was precisely defined as HSV-1 gB residues 498-505 using synthetic peptides and conforms to a predicted H-2K b -binding motif. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with the free synthetic peptide corresponding to this predicted minimal epitope (HSV-1 gB498-505) resulted in the generation of HSV-gB epitope-specific CD8 + CTL in the popliteal lymph nodes. The peptide-induced CTL recognize and lyse HSV-1 infected H-2 b cells or cells pulsed with the synthetic peptide, gB498-505. The availability of CTL clones directed to this predicted minimal HSV CTL epitope should be helpful in understanding processing of HSV glycoprotein B and presentation of this CTL recognition epitope.
Iodine-131 Retention in Calves

Abstract The effect of the administration of carrier iodine prior to and after the administration of radioactive iodine upon the whole body retention of Iodine-131 in calves was studied. The technique of whole body liquid scintillation counting was employed to follow Iodine-131 retention. Four young male calves were dosed with Iodine-131 and the whole body Iodine-131 retention determined with time. After the total body radioactivity was back to essentially background levels, the experiment was repeated, except stable iodine (as potassium iodide) was administered for a period of 12 days preceding and following the administration of Iodine-131. Previous administration of carrier iodine, in the form of potassium iodide, to calves decreased the whole body retention of subsequently administered Iodine-131 by approximately one-half after 23 days.
Predicting chronic toxicity of sediments spiked with zinc: An evaluation of the acid-volatile sulfide model using a life-cycle test with the midge Chironomus tentans

The development of sediment quality criteria for the cationic metals cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc has focused on the use of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) as the primary normalization phase for predicting interstitial pore-water concentrations and bioavailability of the metals. To date, most of the research in support of AVS in this context has utilized short-term laboratory exposures, with a relative paucity of information pertaining to long-term exposures. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the use of AVS as a predictor of metal toxicity to a benthic organism in a long-term laboratory exposure. Clean sediment was spiked with zinc to obtain nominal treatments ranging from −2.34 to 58.5 μg/g dry weight with respect to the molar difference between simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) and AVS. The test was initiated with newly hatched larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans and carried through one complete generation (56 d) during which survival, growth, emergence, and reproduction were monitored. When the molar difference between SEM and AVS (i.e., SEM – AVS) was <0, the concentration of zinc in the sediment interstitial water was low and no adverse effects were observed for any of the biological endpoints measured. Conversely, when SEM – AVS exceeded 0, a dose-dependent increase in the relative concentration of zinc in the pore water was detected. However, the absolute concentration of pore-water zinc at each treatment declined over the course of the study, corresponding to an increase in sediment AVS and to a loss of zinc due to diffusion into the overlying water, which was renewed twice daily. Only when SEM – AVS exceeded 0 were significant reductions in survival, growth, emergence, and reproduction observed. Together, the chemical and biological data from this study compare favorably with observations made in short-term exposures and thus support the use of AVS as a normalization phase for predicting toxicity in metal-contaminated sediments.
A note on the econometric use of constant dollar inventory series

Abstract One dollar of finished goods inventories does not represent the same amount of physical goods as one dollar of sales, when Department of Commerce constant dollar series are used. This can cause seriously biased regression estimates.
IκB Kinase α and p65/RelA Contribute to Optimal Epidermal Growth Factor-induced c-fos Gene Expression Independent of IκBα Degradation

Mitogenic activation of expression of immediate-early genes, such as c-fos, is controlled through signal-induced phosphorylation of constitutively bound transcription factors that is correlated with a nucleosomal response that involves inducible chromatin modifications, such as histone phosphorylation and acetylation. Here we have explored a potential role for the transcription factor NF-kappaB and its associated signaling components in mediating induction of c-fos gene expression downstream of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent signaling. Here we show that EGF treatment of quiescent fibroblast does not induce the classical pathway of NF-kappaB activation through IkappaB kinase (IKK)-directed IkappaBalpha phosphorylation. Interestingly, efficient induction of c-fos transcription requires IKKalpha, one of the subunits of the IkappaB kinase complex. The NF-kappaB subunit, p65/RelA, is found constitutively associated with the c-fos promoter, and knock-out of this transcription factor significantly reduces c-fos gene expression. Importantly, EGF induces the recruitment of IKKalpha to the c-fos promoter to regulate promoter-specific histone H3 Ser(10) phosphorylation in a manner that is independent of p65/RelA. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKalpha and p65/RelA contribute significantly to EGF-induced c-fos gene expression in a manner independent of the classical, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65/RelA nuclear accumulation response pathway.
Between markets and collusion: The implications of joint ventures for public policy and regulation

There has been virtually no discussion of the public policy aspects of joint ventures and other forms of interfirm collaboration despite the explosive growth of these arrangements over the last decade. Joint activities by firms have not merely an antitrust implication, but affect issues at the heart of industrial policy, science and technology development, trade policy, and intellectual property rights. This paper explores and maps the connections between corporate alliances and these policy issues.
Subendocardial resection for sustained ventricular tachycardia in the early period after acute myocardial infarction

Abstract One hundred nineteen patients with drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent mappingguided subendocardial resection for control of their arrhythmias from 3 weeks to 10 years after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients were separated into 2 groups: those treated early (within 4 months, group I) and those treated later (after 1 year, group II) after AMI. There were 32 patients in group I and 72 patients in group II. Both groups of patients had similar clinical, angiographic and hemodynamlc characteristics. Patients in group I had VT with a shorter mean cycle length than patients in group II (322 ± 71 vs 349 ± 88 ms, p
Oscillating-Field Current-Drive Experiments in a Reversed Field Pinch

Oscillating-field current drive (OFCD) is a steady-state magnetic helicity injection method to drive net toroidal current in a plasma by applying oscillating poloidal and toroidal loop voltages. OFCD is added to standard toroidal induction to produce about 10% of the total current in the Madison symmetric torus. The dependence of the added current on the phase between the two applied voltages is measured. Maximum current does not occur at the phase of the maximum helicity injection rate. Effects of OFCD on magnetic fluctuations and dissipated power are shown.
Structure of Borosilicate and Borogermanate Melts at 1300°C; a Viscosity and Density Study

An improved counterbalanced sphere viscometer-densitometer was used to obtain information at temperatures between 1000° and 1400°C for (a) molten B2O3, (b) a series of borosilicate melts containing up to 55 mole % SiO2, and (c) a series of borogermanate melts containing up to 65 mole % GeO2. The dependence on composition of these structure-sensitive parameters was used to develop a model for the alteration of molten B2O8 by other network-forming species. The B/Si or B/Ge ratio is shown to be a significant factor in determining melt structure. The silicon (or germanium) atoms appear to be widely separated in the B2O2 solvent for compositions in the 0 to 10-20 mole % SiO2 (or GeO2) region. The evidence suggests that a gradual microclustering of SiO2 (or GeO2) accompanies moderate departures from ideality for B2O3 in the 10-20 to 60 mole % SiO2 (or GeO2) region. Extensive micro-clustering of SiO2 (or GeO2), approaching network formation, appears to occur in the 60 to 100 mole % SiO2 (or GeO2) region; some of the boron atoms remain in clusters and/or are forced to adopt a tetrahedral configuration in this region.
Cardiac Tamponade From Compression of the Pulmonary Arterial Outflow Graft of a Biventricular Assist Device

A 19-year-old patient with a Thoratec Paracorporeal Biventricular Assist Device implanted 15 weeks previously complained of discomfort in his back and chest area, lightheadedness, and diaphoresis, and was noted to have a blood pressure of 62/26 mm Hg. Device alarms sounded for both the left and right ventricular assist devices indicating that the paracorporeal pumps were not filling normally. An ECG showed sinus tachycardia with low voltage (Figure 1). A portable chest radiograph showed enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, loss of the left hemidiaphragmatic contour, and mild left midlung atelectasis (Figure 2). Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed a large pericardial hematoma with compression of the right ventricle and diastolic compression of the pulmonary arterial outflow graft (Figure 3 and Movies I and II in the online-only Data Supplement). The aortic outflow graft and the right atrium did not appear to be compressed. Computed tomographic scanning confirmed the extent of the pericardial hematoma and demonstrated a mass effect on the right ventricle (Figure 4). Figure 1. ECG showing sinus tachycardia with low …
Reliability coefficients as a function of individual differences induced by a learning process assuming identical organisms

Abstract In this article we show that a particular mathematical learning model, the Bower-Trabasso (1964) concept identification model taken together with an assumption of independence of replicate measurements, implies the existence of substantial and statistically significant performance differences across individuals. The individual differences in turn imply a sizeable reliability coefficient. These results contradict naive intuition, for this model (like many other mathematical models of learning) assumes that all individuals begin the experiment with identical parameter values for the process under study. Thus at least one such model has the characteristic of implying the generation of individual performance differences among originally identical organisms. Examination of data from an experiment by Cotton shows that the Hoyt reliability coefficient under classical test theory, a lower bound for the (composite) reliability of total scores for a series of trials, increases with the number of trials analyzed and exceeds the corresponding theoretical values implied by the Bower-Trabasso model. An experiment by Levine was also analyzed because its use of blank trials between feedback trials permitted direct calculation of composite reliability (or more properly stated composite consistency). For this experiment, the theoretical development just discussed (Case I) was used together with Restle's hypothesis selection model specialized to include a local consistency assumption, the so-called P 2 model of Gregg and Simon (Case II). Moderate conformity of empirical and theoretical reliabilities was found, with discrepancies between observed and predicted values usually being smaller with Case II. However, the Hoyt reliability coefficient is not a lower bound for composite reliability in Case II, because composite reliability is underestimated when identical stimuli are not used for comparable trials. Despite the Bower-Trabasso assumption of no initial differences, it seems reasonable to attribute the difference between predicted and obtained reliabilities to preexisting individual differences. Implications of the tentative conclusion that individual differences in concept identification performance are attributable to a combination of preexisting differences and differences induced in a current task are discussed briefly.
Co-occurrence of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid and tau pathologies at synapses

Although β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, loss of synapses is considered the best correlate of cognitive decline in AD, rather than plaques or tangles. How pathological Aβ and tau aggregation relate to each other and to alterations in synapses remains unclear. Since aberrant tau phosphorylation occurs in amyloid precursor protein (APP) Swedish mutant transgenic mice, and since neurofibrillary tangles develop in triple transgenic mice harboring mutations in APP, tau and presenilin 1, we utilized these well-characterized mouse models to explore the relation between Aβ and tau pathologies. We now report that pathological accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of tau develop concomitantly within synaptic terminals.
Pattern recognition in hyperspectral imagery using one-dimensional shifted phase-encoded joint transform correlation

Pattern recognition in hyperspectral imagery is a challenging issue because of the high false alarm rate and computation complexity. In this paper, a one-dimensional shifted phase-encoded fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (SPFJTC) technique is developed for hyperspectral image processing system. The proposed technique processes the reference spectral signature using a random phase mask and correlates it with the spectral signature corresponding to each pixel of the unknown input hyperspectral image cube using a simple architecture. This technique generates very high discrimination between the object of interest and background clutter. Computer simulation results using real life hyperspectral imagery show that the proposed SPFJTC technique can effectively recognize the objects of interest while alleviating the effects of false alarms and other artifacts.
Quantitation of von Willebrand factor and an antibody inhibitor

Abstract The role of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet thrombosis is poorly defined, partly due to the limited time that methods for the assay of plasma vWF have been available. A brief review of some of the recent findings that contributed to the development and application of a simple specific assay procedure for vWF is presented. The assay is based on the demonstration that the rate of formation of platelet aggregates observed macroscopically is dependent on the concentration of vWF (“snowstorm test”). Formaldehyde-fixed human platelets are used. Platelet aggregation due to vWF is induced in human plasma with ristocetin, while in bovine and porcine plasma no cofactor is required for the platelet aggregating factor (PAF) to be manifest. The effects of pH and temperature on the test were investigated. Shortest platelet aggregation times were obtained in the pH range of about 7.1–7.3 for both the ristocetin-induced human vWF and the bovine platelet aggregating activity on human platelets. Aggregation times were prolonged at pH 6.8 and 8.0. The aggregating times became progressively shorter as the temperature was raised from 10° to 35°. The need for control of both pH and temperature in the assay procedure for this platelet aggregating activity is pointed out. The macroscopic aggregating test has been used for the recognition and titering of a human antibody inhibitor which neutralizes vWF. The efficacy of the inhibitor in neutralizing the platelet aggregating factor activity of several species of plasma was investigated. The inhibitor was most effective against human vWF, somewhat less effective against bovine vWF and had little neutralizing capacity for porcine platelet aggregating factor.
Filter and window assemblies for high-power insertion device synchrotron radiation sources

The powerful beams of x-ray radiation generated by insertion devices at high power synchrotron facilities deposit substantial amounts of localized heat in the front end and optical components that they intercept. X-ray beams from undulator sources in particular are confined to very narrow solid angles and therefore impose very high absorbed heat fluxes. This paper is devoted to a detailed study of the design of windows for the Advanced Photon Source undulators and wigglers emphasizing alternative design concepts material considerations and cooling techniques necessary for handling the high heat load of the insertion devices. Various designs are thermally and structurally analyzed by numerically simulating full-power operating conditions. This analysis also has relevance to the design and development of other beam line components which are subjected to the high heat loads of insertion devices. Key indices: synchrotron radiation high heat load insertion devices undulators wigglers beryllium window. 2.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evolving EDA Beyond its E-Roots: An Overview

Over the past decade, CMOS scaling has seen increasingly intrusive challenges from cost, variability, energy, reliability, and fundamental device-architectural and materials limitations. To maintain Moore's-Law scaling of integration value, the industry is urgently exploring beyond-silicon and beyond-CMOS device, interconnect and memory options, as well as heterogeneous, "More than Moore" integration and packaging technologies. This coincides with a turning point for the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) field, which has for 50+ years been a key enabler of the semiconductor industry's amazing growth. Maturation of the EDA industry and its related academic research efforts inevitably result in a spiral of declining valuations (multiples), venture capital investments, research funding, and student interest. To counter this trajectory, the EDA field's business models, research portfolios, and funding models have been going through various diversifications, but in a rather ad-hoc manner. This begs the question of how the paradigms and research methodologies of EDA can be leveraged for design automation (DA) in other, emerging domains. Arguably, more efficient evolution and growth as a community requires a more systematic, coherent effort -- as well as forward-looking vision -- to steer by. In this paper, we review initial efforts of a new IEEE CEDA technical activity group dedicated to this purpose. These efforts span the cataloguing of past and current research trends, development of new metrics of research impact, and visions for future applications of EDA paradigms in broader design automation contexts. It is hoped that these efforts will be useful to the EDA community as it continues to evolve beyond its "E-roots".
The changing role of scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules

Nodular thyroid disease is common. Most nodules are asymptomatic and benign, but some are malignant. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy should be the cornerstone of the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Radionuclide scans and other imaging procedures should be considered adjunctive tests and should not be performed until after determination of thyroid function and results of cytology are available.
Pragmatic Clinical Research to Inform the Field of Men's Mental Health: A Commentary on and Extension of Papers by David Edwards and Tracy Eells

We consider the potential utility of the methods described by Eells (2010) and Edwards (2010) for guiding case conceptualization and treatment process in the area of menâ€™s mental health. As a relatively new field, menâ€™s mental health has been concerned with the clinical implications of understanding how masculine gender socialization influences the variety of ways different men experience, express, and respond to problems in their lives. Eells (2010) and Edwards (2010) have developed pragmatically driven research strategies that may help researchers and clinicians interested in working with men to (a) integrate gender in meaningful ways into case conceptualizations, and (b) develop effective ways of being therapeutically responsive to some of the specific challenges in working with more "traditional" men.Â
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: appraisal of its current role in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has become a major component in the routine management of epithelial ovarian cancer. The drug is frequently employed as a single agent in the platinum-resistant setting, and recently reported data reveal the superiority of the combination of PLD plus carboplatin, compared with the platinum drug plus paclitaxel, in delaying the time to disease progression in women with recurrent (potentially platinum-sensitive) disease. Current research efforts involving PLD in ovarian cancer are focusing on adding novel targeted drugs to this cytotoxic agent. The utility of such approaches in the platinum-resistant population, compared with the sequential administration of single agents active in this setting, remains to be determined.
Reversal of atrial natriuretic peptide resistance by increasing distal tubular sodium delivery in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

To test the hypothesis that diminished sodium delivery to the distal tubular site of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) action accounts for renal ANP resistance in cirrhosis, 12 cirrhotic patients with ascites were studied at baseline and during the infusion of ANP alone (0.15 micrograms/kg/min), mannitol alone (4 g/hr), and ANP plus mannitol for 3 hours each. Distal tubular sodium delivery, as assessed by lithium clearance, was increased during the infusion of mannitol (13.8 +/- 3.4 to 23.7 +/- 5.7 mL/min; P < .05) and during the ANP plus mannitol infusion (13.8 +/- 3.4 to 28.5 +/- 6.3 mL/min; P < .001) in 6 patients, subsequently termed "responders." Both responders and nonresponders were resistant to the natriuretic effect of ANP infused alone, and mannitol alone did not produce an increase in urinary sodium excretion. However, in responders, the mannitol-induced increase in distal tubular sodium delivery resulted in a fivefold increase in urinary sodium excretion during ANP infusion (29 +/- 6 to 154 +/- 40 mumol/min, P < .01). Urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) excretion increased significantly and to a similar extent during ANP and ANP plus mannitol in all 12 patients, supporting the active biological responsiveness of renal ANP receptors. Unlike responders, nonresponders showed a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure and an increase in plasma renin activity during ANP plus mannitol, consistent with worsened arterial underfilling caused by ANP-induced vasodilation. Thus, the present results support the hypothesis that diminished distal tubular sodium delivery is a major factor contributing to ANP resistance in cirrhosis.