cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Locus-Specific Characterization of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression in Prostate, Breast, and Colon Cancers

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have been implicated in a variety of diseases including cancers. Recent research implicates HERVs in epigenetic gene regulation. Here we utilize a recently developed bioinformatics tool for identifying HERV expression at the locus-specific level to identify differential expression of HERVs in matched tumor-normal RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Data from 52 prostate cancer, 111 breast cancer, and 24 colon cancer cases were analyzed. Locus-specific analysis identified active HERV elements and differentially expressed HERVs in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. In addition, differentially expressed host genes were identified across prostate, breast, and colon cancer datasets, respectively, including several involved in demethylation and antiviral response pathways, supporting previous findings regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of HERVs. A majority of differentially expressed HERVs intersected protein coding genes or lncRNAs in each dataset, and a subset of differentially expressed HERVs intersected differentially expressed genes in prostate, breast, and colon cancers, providing evidence towards regulatory function. Finally, patterns in HERV expression were identified in multiple cancer types, with 155 HERVs differentially expressed in all three cancer types. This analysis extends previous results identifying HERV transcription in cancer RNA-seq datasets to a locus-specific level, and in doing so provides a foundation for future studies investigating the functional role of HERV in cancers and identifies a number of novel targets for cancer biomarkers and immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Expressed human endogenous retroviruses are mapped at locus-specific resolution and linked to specific pathways to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate, breast, and colon cancers.
The utility of Bayesian data reconciliation for separations

Abstract Data reconciliation methods for separation processes typically rely on classical statistical approaches to generate estimates of true mass flow rates from measurements. Knowledge regarding the uncertainty of these estimates has value in decision making, but is often not acquired. Bayesian approaches intrinsically quantify uncertainty; however, literature for Bayesian data reconciliation of separation processes is scarce. This publication outlines two Bayesian data reconciliation models and provides details for how the models were implemented for the BayesMassBal (V 1.0.0) software package written in R . To demonstrate the advantages of this approach for data reconciliation, the models were first applied to simulated data and then compared to a classical model through a Monte Carlo experiment. In this example, the Bayesian models were found to provide more accurate estimates of the simulated data, while also providing quantitative information on the estimate uncertainty. To demonstrate the use of the technique in a practical problem, the models were also applied to real data collected from a pilot-scale rare earth solvent extraction process. This publication provides a small window into how Bayesian methods can be used for data reconciliation, but findings suggest Bayesian data reconciliation models for separation processes have distinct advantages over classical alternatives.
An Adult Presenting with Neurological Symptoms Attributed to Hyperhomocysteinemia that Resolved with Treatment (P6.257)

Objective: To describe a young adult presenting with striking neurologic symptoms attributable to atypical homocystinuria that resolved with treatment. Background: Homocystinuria results from disruption at any of several points in the homocysteine or cobalamin metabolic pathways. Symptoms vary but typically present in early childhood. Mutations in the MTHFR gene, encoding the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme, are relatively common. Homozygous C677T mutations are present in 1-15[percnt] of the population, and reduced enzyme activity results in hyperhomocysteinemia, which is generally asymptomatic, though presentations vary widely. Cobalamin c deficiency can rarely present in adults with psychiatric symptoms and gait difficulties. Design/Methods: We report a case of a 29-year-old female with marfanoid habitus and academic decline since high school who presented with 4 weeks of worsening back and leg pain, inability to stand without support, urinary incontinence, agitation, and behavioral changes. MRI brain revealed diffuse cerebral and cerebellar volume loss most prominent in posterior regions. Further workup revealed normocytic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated urine homocystine, and very low serum methionine with normal methylmalonic acid. Molecular testing uncovered a homozygous C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene. Results: The patient received pyridoxine, hydroxycobalamin, betaine, and folate, and her back pain and mood improved. She was able to walk independently several weeks after treatment was initiated. She was discharged home on pyridoxine, folic acid, and a multivitamin and now lives and works independently with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: Homocystinuria can result from several different genetic defects in cobalamin or homocysteine metabolism. MTHFR mutations are common and usually asymptomatic. Our patient presented in adulthood with cognitive decline, altered gait, psychiatric symptoms, and with striking cerebral and cerebellar atrophy that has not been previously described in homocystinuria. MTHFR mutations alone are unlikely to be the cause of her symptoms, suggesting possibly cblG or cblE mutations. Clinical symptoms improved with treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Segal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheikh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shahbahrami has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garikparthy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Monserrate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tentler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hillen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shih has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pletcher has nothing to disclose.
Rapid parallel measurements of macroautophagy and mitophagy in mammalian cells using a single fluorescent biosensor

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in many human diseases and occurs in normal aging. Mitochondrial health is maintained through organelle biogenesis and repair or turnover of existing mitochondria. Mitochondrial turnover is principally mediated by mitophagy, the trafficking of damaged mitochondria to lysosomes via macroautophagy (autophagy). Mitophagy requires autophagy, but is itself a selective process that relies on specific autophagy-targeting mechanisms, and thus can be dissociated from autophagy under certain circumstances. Therefore, it is important to assess autophagy and mitophagy together and separately. We sought to develop a robust, high-throughput, quantitative method for monitoring both processes in parallel. Here we report a flow cytometry-based assay capable of rapid parallel measurements of mitophagy and autophagy in mammalian cells using a single fluorescent protein biosensor. We demonstrate the ability of the assay to quantify Parkin-dependent selective mitophagy in CCCP-treated HeLa cells. In addition, we show the utility of the assay for measuring mitophagy in other cell lines, as well as for Parkin-independent mitophagy stimulated by deferiprone. The assay makes rapid measurements (10,000 cells per 6 seconds) and can be combined with other fluorescent indicators to monitor distinct cell populations, enabling design of high-throughput screening experiments to identify novel regulators of mitophagy in mammalian cells.
Glycine transfer RNA of Escherichia coli. I. Structural genes for two glycine tRNA species.

Abstract Glycyl transfer RNA of Escherichia coli is separated into three distinct fractions by chromatography on BD-cellulose † . Studies of two distinct missense suppressor mutations have led to the identification of the structural genes for the components of two of these fractions. One of these suppressor mutations occurs in the glyT gene which is linked to the argH locus. The other occurs in the glyU gene which is linked to the lysA locus. Both suppressors result in tRNA species which insert glycine into polypeptides in response to the arginine codon, AGA. The glyUsu mutation alters the first BD-cellulose fraction (tRNAIGly), while the glyTsu mutation alters the second (tRNAIIGly). Gene dosage and dominance effects observed in merodiploid strains indicate that the glyT and glyU genes are the structural genes for the affected glycine tRNA species. Furthermore, each of the species is completely altered by single mutations, showing that there is only one structural gene per genome for each of these species. The results indicate that the genes for the various species of glycine tRNA are not clustered on the E. coli chromosome. Mutagenesis specificity and frequency measurements suggest that glyT suppressors can be obtained by point mutations, quite likely in the portion of the DNA specifying the anticodon. On the other hand, conversion of the glyU tRNA to an AGA suppressor tRNA appears to require a complex mutation.
Cultural Heritage Digital Libraries: Needs and Components

This paper describes preliminary conclusions from a long-term study of cultural heritage digital collections. First, those features most important to cultural heritage digital libraries are described. Second, we list those components that have proven most useful in boot-strapping new collections.
Inhibition of conformational change in smooth muscle myosin by a monoclonal antibody against the 17-kDa light chain.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies against gizzard smooth muscle myosin were generated and characterized. One of these antibodies, designated MM-2, recognized the 17-kDa light chain and modulated the ATPase activities and hydrodynamic properties of smooth muscle myosin. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy showed that MM-2 binds 51 (+/- 25) A from the head-rod junction. The depression of Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATPase activities of myosin and Ca2+-ATPase activity of heavy meromyosin at low KCl concentration were abolished by MM-2. Viscosity measurement indicated that MM-2 inhibits the transition of 6 S myosin to 10 S myosin. While the rate of the production of subfragment-1 by papain proteolysis of 6 S myosin was inhibited by MM-2, the rate of proteolysis of the heavy chain of 10 S myosin was enhanced by MM-2 and reached the same rate as that of 6 S myosin plus MM-2. These results suggest that MM-2 inhibits the formation of 10 S myosin by binding to the 17-kDa light chain which is localized at the head-neck region of the myosin molecule. MM-2 increased the Vmax of actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activities of both dephosphorylated myosin and dephosphorylated heavy meromyosin about 10- and 20-fold, respectively. MM-2 also activated the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of phosphorylated myosin at a low MgCl2 concentration and thus abolished the Mg2+-dependence of acto phosphorylated myosin ATPase activity. These results suggest that MM-2 inhibits the formation of 10 S myosin, and this results in the activation of actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity even in the absence of phosphorylation.
Protecting Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Workers: Strategies for Bringing Employment Claims on Behalf of Members of the LGBT Community in the Absence of Clear Statutory Protections

This white paper lays out the alternative causes of action available to lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender workers in the absence of explicit federal or state-level protections for sexual orientation or gender identity. Topics covered include sex, religious and disability discrimination claims, common law claims, constitutional claims, and local laws affording LGBT employees protections. The paper provides an accessible primer on LGBT employment discrimination issues for academics, practitioners and policy makers.
Evidence for an Enol Intermediate in the Enzymatic Conversion of α,β-Dihydroxyisovalerate to α-Ketoisovalerate

α,β-Dihydroxyisovalerate-α-3H was converted to α-ketoisovalerate by a partially purified α,β-dihydroxyacid dehydrase from Salmonella typhimurium. More than 98% of the radioactivity was found in the water. When unlabeled substrate was incubated with the enzyme in 3H2O, there was significant incorporation of protons from the medium. These results suggest the formation of an enol intermediate in the conversion of α,β-dihydroxyisovalerate to α-ketoisovalerate catalyzed by α,β-dihydroxyacid dehydrase.
Bosutinib Reduces the Efficacy of Dasatinib in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines

BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive sub-type of breast cancer. Dasatinib and bosutinib are FDA-approved Src/Abl kinase inhibitor drugs. Dasatinib potently inhibits the proliferation of many TNBC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability/proliferation for a panel of 4 TNBC cell lines was measured by detection of cellular ATP levels and cell numbers were directly determined by automated cell counting. RESULTS Bosutinib (≤1 μM) had little to no inhibitory activity on cell viability/proliferation, while dasatinib-alone generated potent IC50 values of <100 nM. Combination treatment of cells with both dasatinib and bosutinib resulted in reduced efficacy of dasatinib in all four cell lines, with two of them displaying a dramatic loss of efficacy. Direct cell counting confirmed that bosutinib enhanced cell proliferation in the presence of dasatinib. CONCLUSION Bosutinib potently reduced the in vitro anti-proliferative efficacy of dasatinib in TNBC cell lines. We, hereby, report on a novel drug-induced loss in dasatinib sensitivity.
The selectivity of historical representation

Abstract The practical issues encountered in writing a book and the guidance of recent postmodernist scholarship in History prompt this analysis of historical representation. The analysis reveals that selectivity and subjectivity permeate the writing of historical narratives from the selection of facts to the combining of those facts into a story. Assessing historical narratives is also a subjective exercise. Recognition of this selectivity and subjectivity does not lead to the despair of relativism but rather to the emancipation of scholarship from prevailing conformities.
Avoiding and managing complications of glaucoma drainage implants.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incentive for continued interest in aqueous devices in selected cases is mainly the result of the 5% incidence of late "blebitis" and endophthalmitis. The purpose of this review is to cover the most common complications that may arise and to offer strategies and techniques to avoid or rectify the complication. RECENT FINDINGS Complications of aqueous drainage devices are categorized in three stages: intraoperative, early postoperative ( 1 month). Intraoperative complications consist of anterior chamber entry, tube misdirection, and scleral perforation. Early postoperative complication includes hypotony and flat anterior chamber, choroidal effusions, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Late postoperative complication comprise tube migration, tube or plate extrusion, motility disturbance, and infection. SUMMARY Most complications seen in glaucoma drainage implants are self-resolving and rarely threaten visual outcome.
Electrical stimulation of transplanted motoneurons improves motor unit formation

Motoneurons die following spinal cord trauma and with neurological disease. Intact axons reinnervate nearby muscle fibers to compensate for the death of motoneurons, but when an entire motoneuron pool dies, there is complete denervation. To reduce denervation atrophy, we have reinnervated muscles in Fisher rats from local transplants of embryonic motoneurons in peripheral nerve. Since growth of axons from embryonic neurons is activity dependent, our aim was to test whether brief electrical stimulation of the neurons immediately after transplantation altered motor unit numbers and muscle properties 10 wk later. All surgical procedures and recordings were done in anesthetized animals. The muscle consequences of motoneuron death were mimicked by unilateral sciatic nerve section. One week later, 200,000 embryonic day 14 and 15 ventral spinal cord cells, purified for motoneurons, were injected into the tibial nerve 10–15 mm from the gastrocnemii muscles as the only neuron source for muscle reinnervation. The cells were stimulated immediately after transplantation for up to 1 h using protocols designed to examine differential effects due to pulse number, stimulation frequency, pattern, and duration. Electrical stimulation that included short rests and lasted for 1 h resulted in higher motor unit counts. Muscles with higher motor unit counts had more reinnervated fibers and were stronger. Denervated muscles had to be stimulated directly to evoke contractions. These results show that brief electrical stimulation of embryonic neurons, in vivo, has long-term effects on motor unit formation and muscle force. This muscle reinnervation provides the opportunity to use patterned electrical stimulation to produce functional movements.
Intronic polyadenylation in the human glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase gene

The mouse glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART) locus is known to produce two functional proteins, one by recognition and use of an intronic polyadenylation site and the other by downstream splicing. We now report a similar intronic polyadenylation mechanism for the human GART locus. The human GART gene has two potential polyadenylation signals within the identically located intron as that involved in intronic polyadenylation in the mouse gene. Each of the potential polyadenylation signals in the human gene was followed by an extensive polyT rich tract, but only the downstream signal was preceded by a GT tract. Only the downstream signal was utilized. The polyT rich tract which followed the functional polyadenylation site in the human GART gene was virtually identical in sequence to a similarly placed region in the mouse gene. An exact inverted complement to the polyT rich stretch following the active polyadenylation signal was found in the upstream intron of the human gene, suggesting that a hairpin loop may be involved in this intronic polyadenylation.
Sex differences in behavior of endangered mangabeys ( Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster )

Six adult golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster) displayed sex differences in aggression, grooming, and vocalization. These sex differences persisted across different current living conditions, time in captivity, rearing conditions, presence of offspring, and active mating conditions. The sex differences are evidently quite robust.
Automated design of MDS circuits and layout

Abstract As the integration size of VLSI chips increases, programmable logic arrays (PLAs) are indispensable for reducing chip design time. In many cases, however, PLAs are too larger or too slow. Here is presented a new approach to overcome such disadvantages. This produces a circuit of a smaller area and faster response time than PLAs, still maintaining the short design time. The approach works as follows: electronic circuits are automatically designed by an algorithm DIMN directly from given logic functions, and then a symbolic layout for them is automatically made by a program SIMON.
A trimless 16b digital potentiometer

Inherent 16b monotonicity overtime and temperature has been achieved in a voltage-segment DAC structure implemented in an N-well CMOS bipolar process by potentiometrically buffering a cascaded second stage across adjacent taps of an untrimmed resistor string. Settling time to 1/2 LSB is 3μs.
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 11. Condensed phase structural characteristics and high rate thermolysis of di- and trinitroaliphatic carboxylic acids and carbonates

Abstract IR spectra of 3,3,3-trinitrobutyric acid, 1 , 3,3-dinitrovaleric acid, 2 , bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)carbonate, 3 , and bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)carbonate, 4 , were analyzed from 163K to the decomposition temperature. Below the decomposition temperature most of the structural alterations involve the COOH group. Once decomposition begins, the spectral changes also involve the CNO 2 groups. The backbone of the gem -dinitroalkyl compounds degrades more readily than the gem -trinitro compounds. Concentration-time profiles of the gas products from high-rate thermolysis (>75K s −1 ) show that NO 2 is the predominant initial decomposition product while CO 2 is initially important only from 2 . NO is a major initial product of the gem -dinitro series but not the gem -trinitro series. Through the duration of observation, the concentration of the carbon oxidation products increases while [NO 2 ] decreases, suggesting that NO 2 is the principal oxidizing agent. The decomposition-to-deflagration transition occurs in the gem -trinitro compounds but not the gem -dinitro compounds under these experimental conditions.
The contribution of kinetic nucleation theories to studies of Volmer-Weber thin film growth

Abstract Extensive study of the vapour deposition of noble metals onto UHV cleaved alkali halide crystal surfaces has made an important contribution to the development of time-dependent nucleation theory. There nevertheless remain significant inconsistencies between results obtained from different studies of identical systems. The role which the time-dependent kinetic approach to nucleation theory has played in the past and that which it might take in the future are discussed.
[4.3.0] pyrazolidinones as potential antibacterial agents

Abstract The synthesis of [4.3.0] fused pyrazolidinones is described. The compounds were prepared with substituents identical to those of the known antibacterial agents in the [3.3.0] pyrazolidinone series. Their preparation involved a six-membered ring annulation to a known pyrazolidinone monocycle. Appropriate deblocking and functionalization of the nuclei provided compounds suitable for biological evaluation. In contrast to their lower homologues, the [4.3.0] pyrazolidinones did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity.
Carbon sources, growth, sclerotium formation and carbohydrate composition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) D By. was grown in stationary liquid mineral-salts medium, pH 4.3, containing various carbon sources and the weight of mycelia and sclerotia was determined at regular intervals. When grown on various glucose concentrations (0–24 g of C/l), more sclerotia were produced at 8–12 g of C/l. Sclerotia were not usually formed in shake cultures. The ability of the fungus to use other carbon sources for growth and sclerotium formation was tested at 12 g of C/l in the stationary mineral-salts medium. The highest weights of mycelia and sclerotia occurred with raffinose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, d-mannose, d-glucose, d-fructose or l-arabinose. Good growth but decreased sclerotium production were found on cellobiose and d-xylose. Reduced or poor growth, a long lag period and few or no sclerotia occurred on trehalose, melibiose, l-sorbose, l-rhamnose, d-ribose, d-arabinose, l-xylose or 8 polyols. No growth was observed with erythritol or i-inositol. A combination of glucose plus trehalose or polyols resulted in increased growth and the formation of sclerotia. Organic acids supported little or no growth and no sclerotia were produced. Generally culture filtrates which supported growth and formation of sclerotia became acid (about pH 3.5). The pH of the culture filtrate usually increased slowly during the growth period when the fungus grew poorly and no sclerotia were formed. The alcoholsoluble sugars and polyols present in culture filtrates, mycelia and sclerotia were determined by paper and thin-layer chromatography. Regardless of the carbon source, mannitol was usually present in culture filtrates. The occurrence of other compounds in the filtrates depended on the carbon source. Trehalose, mannitol and usually small quantities of glucose or fructose were present in mycelia and sclerotia from all carbon sources. Galactitol or pentitols occurred in mycelia and sclerotia when the fungus grew on galactose and oligosaccharides containing galactose or the corresponding pentose, sugars. Acid hydrolyzates of the alcohol-insoluble fraction of mycelia or sclerotia contained glucose, smaller amounts of galactose and mannose and traces of ribose and rhamnose.
The Crisis-Prone Organization as a Factor in Workplace Aggression

Although workplace aggression has been linked in theory to characteristics of the worker as well as to characteristics of the organization, there have been few supporting data. This research examines the relationship between organizational climate and workplace aggression. A diverse sample of 57 subjects, representing a wide variety of occupations and worksites, responded to a questionnaire measuring the perceived crisis proneness of their organizations. Subjects also rated the amount of aggression at their worksites. The crisis proneness scale, developed for this research, had an alpha of .87 and correlated +.56 with the amount of aggression reported by subjects. This relationship held up with job satisfaction, social desirability, and various demographic variables controlled for. Crisis proneness also correlated very highly with a measure of perceived fairness of the organization, and these two variables were not practically distinguishable in this research. It is suggested that security managers need to be very aware of the organizational climate, and do all that they can to minimize perceptions that the organization is ‘crisis-prone’ or that it is treating workers unfairly.
Iraq's Dysfunctional Democracy

David Ghanim, Iraq's Dysfunctional Democracy. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2011, 263 pp., $48, ISBN 9-7803-1339-8018 David Ghanim rightly notes that although there has been ‘a flood of publications’ abo...
Community Policing in the News Media

Although there is a very large body of research examining community policing practices in the United States, no study has yet to examine the efforts by police departments to promote community policing in the news media. This study fills this gap. Specifically, this study presents the results from a national survey of public information officers and media personnel in large-sized cities to examine the efforts by police departments to promote innovative programs such as community policing in the news and document how community policing is presented in the news. The results indicate that although police departments and media personnel agree that they have a very good working relationship and that there are many opportunities to promote community policing, most police departments make only minimal effort to do so. The analysis of newspaper coverage of community policing finds that it is rarely presented in the news and the coverage that occurs is isolated.
Effect of pH and of Succinylation on the Water Retention Properties of Coagulated, Frozen and Thawed Egg Albumen

Egg albumen was modified to improve water retention properties of the coagulated, frozen and thawed product. Albumen was found to contribute more to expressible moisture (%EM) of coagulated whole egg mixture than yolk. For frozen and nonfrozen treatments, albumen (pH gt; 9.5) reduced %EM in both the coagulated albumen and whole egg mixtures made with pH-adjusted albumen. Succinylated albumen (≤0.2% g anhydridelg albumen) reduced %EM for frozen and nonfrozen treatments. Albumen at pH 10.5 and 11.0 required less time to attain an equivalent cook value than at pH 7.0,8.0,9.0, and 10.0.
Determining fundamental heat dissipation bounds for transistor-based nanocomputing paradigms

Heat dissipation is a critical challenge facing nanocomputing technologies. One component of dissipative computation costs - the unavoidable cost of implementing logically irreversible operations - fixes fundamental limits on the minimum energy cost for computational strategies that utilize these ubiquitous operations. This cost contributes little to the total power budget in conventional CMOS technology, but may be of critical significance in dense nanocomputing circuits operating at high speeds. In transistor-based paradigms, dissipation costs from logical irreversibility may be supplemented by unavoidable costs associated with particle supply required to maintain the computational "working substance." This motivates determination of lower bounds on the dissipative cost of computation in concrete nanocomputing paradigms, transistor-based and otherwise. In this work, we outline a general approach for the determination of such bounds. We first sketch our general approach, and elaborate via illustrative application to a full adder circuit implemented in the transistor-based NASIC nanofabric. The resulting bound reflects fundamental minimum costs associated with irreversible information loss and electron supply that are specific to the underlying computational strategy employed by the circuit. Finally, for perspective, fundamental bounds are compared to calculated energy consumption from HSPICE simulations for the NASIC adder.
ACM SIGCHI information infrastructure

We describe recent improvements to the ACM SIGCHI information infrastructure, mainly in the SIGCHI Web site and SIGCHI use of the ACM LISTSERV for mailing lists and aliases, and how they have been applied to provide general information, support committees, publications and conferences, and technical discussions. We then describe some key areas where volunteers are needed to improve SIGCHI information services, particularly in the area of databases.
Observations of Tropical Stratospheric Winds before World War II

Abstract This paper discusses observations of the winds in the tropical stratosphere taken before the advent of regular operational balloon soundings in this region. These observations are at least broadly consistent with modern measurements, in the sense that they show that the winds in the tropical stratosphere have been undergoing some strong interannual variations over the last century. However, the available data appear to be too sparse to construct a detailed chronology of the quasi-biennial oscillation before about 1950.
All-optical switching and logic with an integrated optic microring resonator

All-optical logic allows high bit rate computation and fast switching, free from electromagnetic interference. Combinational and sequential logic are considered, the latter having memory which allows feedback structures such as flip-flops from which shift registers for storing binary words are constructed. Optical microring resonators are shown to be capable of implementing logic gates such as NOR and AND and they also exhibit bistabiltiy suitable for construction of 1-bit memories or flip-flops. Further, they can be fabricated in silicon on silicon dioxide using standard CMOS VLSI lithography for future integration with electronic VLSI. Microring resonators are a few microns in diameter, enabling high bit rate computation, in the tens or hundreds of Gbps, and fast picosecond switches and latches. A novel combination of microring resonator gates and microring resonator bistable devices is discussed for an all-optical shift register.
Psychological test scores for a group of MEDEX trainees.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, General Aptitude Test Battery and Strong Vocational Interest Blank were administered to a group (N = 19) of young men who subsequently graduated from a 15-mo. MEDEX (physician's extension) program. Their scores on these scales are presented and discussed.
Strategic uncertain search

Abstract We prove the existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria in a duopoly model of search when the value of an item is revealed only through the costly acquisition of information.
Block-Precise Processors: Low-Power Processors with Reduced Operand Store Accesses and Result Broadcasts

Power is a first order design constraint for most processors today. Benefits of low power designs include lower manufacturing and operating costs and a longer battery life. In this work we propose an out of order processor architecture called Block-precise processor (B-Processor) that is designed for low power consumption. The B-Processor consumes lower power than typical processor designs by eliding the write of results of many instructions to the reorder buffer and to the register file, which are power hungry structures. The B-Processor reduces power consumption even further by omitting the broadcast of certain results over multiple levels of the bypass network. Experimental results show that on average the B-Processor spends 15.1 percent less power on register file and reorder buffer accesses and 14.5 percent less power on broadcasting results. In combination with register file caching, on average the B-Processor saves 28.7 percent power for accessing the register file and the reorder buffer.
Domain Theory of Ferromagnetics Under Stress Part II. Magnetostriction of Polycrystalline Material

From the general formulas of Part I, expressions are derived for the magnetostriction of polycrystalline iron and nickel when the domains are isotropic, and when they are crystalline and have [111] or [100] as the direction of easy magnetization. The effect of assuming uniform strain rather than uniform stress is discussed. For iron at room temperature the experimental data fit the theoretical curve over a limited range; the deviations at high and low magnetizations can be explained qualitatively. For nickel at temperatures from 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to the Curie point, excellent agreement is found between theory and experiment. The analysis indicates that for the specimen studied, the domains are polycrystalline at low temperatures, but become smaller than the crystals at a little below 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, where the direction of easy magnetization becomes [100]. From the measurements at the higher temperatures, values are obtained for the saturation magnetostriction of nickel crystals magnetized in the [100] direction; from these and the saturation magnetostriction of polycrystalline nickel, values for the [111] direction are calculated.
Who's Boarding in the Psychiatric Emergency Service?

Introduction: When a psychiatric patient in the emergency department requires inpatient admission, but no bed is available, they may become a “boarder.” The psychiatric emergency service (PES) has been suggested as one means to reduce psychiatric boarding, but the frequency and characteristics of adult PES boarders have not been described. Methods: We electronically extracted electronic medical records for adult patients presenting to the PES in an urban county safety-net hospital over 12 months. Correlative analyses included Student’s t-tests and multivariate regression. Results: 521 of 5363 patient encounters (9.7%) resulted in boarding. Compared to non-boarding encounters, boarding patient encounters were associated with diagnoses of a primary psychotic, anxiety, or personality disorder, or a bipolar manic/mixed episode. Boarders were also more likely to be referred by family, friends or providers than self-referred; arrive in restraints; experience restraint/seclusion in the PES; or be referred for involuntary hospitalization. Boarders were more likely to present to the PES on the weekend. Substance use was common, but only tobacco use was more likely associated with boarding status in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Boarding is common in the PES, and boarders have substantial psychiatric morbidity requiring treatment during extended PES stays. We question the appropriateness of PES boarding for seriously ill psychiatric patients. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(6):-0]
Optical treatment of amblyopia in astigmatic children: the sensitive period for successful treatment.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of eyeglass treatment of astigmatism-related amblyopia in children younger than 8 years (range, 4.75–7.99 years) versus children 8 years of age and older (range, 8.00–13.53 years) over short (6-week) and long (1-year) treatment intervals. Design Prospective, interventional, comparative case–control study. Participants Four hundred forty-six nonastigmatic (right and left eye, Intervention Eyeglass correction of refractive error, prescribed for full-time wear, in astigmatic children. Main Outcome Measures Amount of change in mean right-eye best-corrected letter visual acuity for treated astigmatic children versus untreated, age-matched nonastigmatic children after short (6-week) and long (1-year) treatment intervals. Results Astigmatic children had significantly reduced mean best-corrected visual acuity at baseline compared to nonastigmatic children. Astigmats showed significantly greater improvement in mean best-corrected visual acuity (0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] unit; approximately 1 line), than the nonastigmatic children (0.01 logMAR unit) over the 6-week treatment interval. No additional treatment effect was observed between 6 weeks and 1 year. Treatment effectiveness was not dependent on age group ( Conclusions Sustained eyeglass correction results in significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity in astigmatic children, including those previously believed to be beyond the sensitive period for successful treatment.
Partially imidized, water‐soluble polymeric amides. I. Partially imidized polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide

Five to six million molecular weight polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamides of comparable post-alkaline hydrolysis viscosities were imidized by dissolution and heating in 6N HCl. After alkaline hydrolysis, the imidized polymers demonstrated significantly better retention of viscosity to 2% NaCl than did similar partially hydrolyzed polymers. Viscosities in 0.01% NaCl and resistance to shear were not markedly affected by this modification. It is assumed that this improved performance in brine is the result of chain stiffening due to intrachain imide rings. 2 figures, 2 tables.
Pressureless sintering of translucent MgO ceramics

MgO nanocrystalline powders were synthesized via a wet precipitation process. X-ray diffraction analysis of the heat-treated precursor powders shows that a crystalline MgO phase forms at ∼500 °C. Translucent MgO ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering the nanocrystalline MgO powders at 1400 °C for 2 h under ambient atmosphere. The as-sintered MgO ceramics have a relative density of 98.1% with an average hardness of 6.8 GPa. Scanning electron microscope characterization revealed that the translucent MgO ceramics have an average grain size of ∼6 μm.
Acute arterial thrombosis in a patient with breast cancer after chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, leucovorin, cyclophosphamide, and interleukin-3

Background. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is an experimental agent used to ameliorate neutropenia in patients receiving chemotherapy. Arterial thrombotic episodes after use of IL-3 have not been reported previously. Methods. The case of a patient with Stage III adenocarcinoma of the breast who developed hypotension and acute cerebellar artery and superior mesenteric artery thrombosis after receiving chemotherapy and treatment with IL-3 is reported. Results. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first patient with arterial thrombosis reported after treatment with IL-3. Conclusions. Interleukin-3 may be associated with increased propensity for thrombosis.
Reduced expression of small GTPases and hypermethylation of the folate binding protein gene in cisplatin-resistant cells

Reduced expression of small GTPases and hypermethylation of the folate binding protein gene in cisplatin-resistant cells
Reaction of Organic Disulfides with Cobalt-Centered Metal Radicals. Use of the E- and C-Based Dual-Parameter Substituent Model and Quantitative Solvent Effect Analyses To Compare Outer-Sphere and Inner-Sphere Electron-Transfer Processes

Treatment of isolable, paramagnetic Cp2Ta(μ-CH2)2CoCp (1, Cp = η5-C5H5) with aromatic disulfides RSSR affords diamagnetic monothiolate complexes Cp2Ta(μ-CH2)2Co(SR)Cp in quantitative yield. The structure of Cp2Ta(μ-CH2)2Co(SC6H3(CH3)2)Cp (2a) has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The mechanism of this disulfide S−S bond cleavage reaction has been probed using kinetic, substituent effect, and solvent effect techniques. A Hammett σ/ρ substituent constant analysis yields a nonlinear correlation. In contrast, application of the E- and C-based dual-parameter substituent model gives a good fit of the data and demonstrates that the reaction is sensitive to both the electrostatic and the covalent characteristics of the entering disulfide. All substituents examined (excluding p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) exhibited a solvent effect consistent with a modest amount of charge separation in the transition state. The reaction of 1 with the strongly electron withdrawing substituted bis[p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]...
Effects of dissipation on nonlocal microwave fields

We apply Monte Carlo wave-function-simulation methods to study the effects of dissipation on a recently proposed technique to generate entangled states of relevance for quantum teleportation. We find that a high degree of quantum entanglement can be preserved for damping rates achievable with presently available cavities. We further determine the effects of dissipation in an atom tagging scheme relevant for quantum complementarity experiments.
Comparing global and interest point descriptors for similarity retrieval in remote sensed imagery

We investigate the application of a new category of low-level image descriptors termed interest points to remote sensed image analysis. In particular, we compare how scale and rotation invariant descriptors extracted from salient image locations perform compared to proven global texture features for similarity retrieval. Qualitative results using a geographic image retrieval application and quantitative results using an extensive ground truth dataset show that interest point descriptors support effective similarity retrieval in large collections of remote sensed imagery.
Taste Interrelationships. VI. Sucrose, Sodium Chloride, and Citric Acid in Canned Tomato Juice

SUMMARY Apparent sweetness, saltiness, and sourness in canned tomato juice was evaluated by trained judges categorized according to three levels of sensitivity. A method of paired-comparison constant-stimulus was used in which judges indicated the direction of the response as well as the magnitude of difference in taste intensity within each pair. The apparent sourness of citric acid was depressed by both sucrose and sodium chloride. The sweetness of sucrose was reduced by citric acid, but enhanced by low levels of sodium chloride. Although the saltiness of sodium chloride was reduced by sucrose, it was significantly enhanced by acid. In the latter combination of taste stimuli, variability between judges was exceptionally large. Frequency of reversal of direction of response between duplicate pairs was greater among judges of low than among judges of high sensitivity. The extent to which the results agree with previous relationships with aqueous media and lima bean puree is discussed.
Gestural communication in three species of macaques (Macaca mulatta, M. nemestrina, M. arctoides): Use of signals in relation to dominance and social context

The present study compared the frequency and contextual usage of the most prominent gestural signals of dominance, submission, affiliation, and bonding in rhesus, pigtail, and stumptail macaques living in captivity. Most similarities among species were found in signals of dominance and submission and most differences in affiliative gestures and bonding patterns. Rhesus macaques have a relatively poor gestural repertoire, pigtail macaques possess conspicuous signals of affiliation and bonding, and stumptail macaques have the richest repertoire of assertive and submissive signals. The similarities and differences in the gestural repertoires of rhesus, pigtail, and stumptail macaques can be related to the intragroup social dynamics of these species as well as to their evolutionary history.
Fluorescence‐based proxies for lignin in freshwater dissolved organic matter

[1] Lignin phenols have proven to be powerful biomarkers in environmental studies; however, the complexity of lignin analysis limits the number of samples and thus spatial and temporal resolution in any given study. In contrast, spectrophotometric characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is rapid, noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, requires small sample volumes, and can even be measured in situ to capture fine-scale temporal and spatial detail of DOM cycling. Here we present a series of cross-validated Partial Least Squares models that use fluorescence properties of DOM to explain up to 91% of lignin compositional and concentration variability in samples collected seasonally over 2 years in the Sacramento River/San Joaquin River Delta in California, United States. These models were subsequently used to predict lignin composition and concentration from fluorescence measurements collected during a diurnal study in the San Joaquin River. While modeled lignin composition remained largely unchanged over the diurnal cycle, changes in modeled lignin concentrations were much greater than expected and indicate that the sensitivity of fluorescence-based proxies for lignin may prove invaluable as a tool for selecting the most informative samples for detailed lignin characterization. With adequate calibration, similar models could be used to significantly expand our ability to study sources and processing of DOM in complex surface water systems.
Pediatric imaging: Current and emerging techniques

Imaging has always been an important component of the clinical evaluation of pediatric patients. Rapid technological advances in imaging are making noninvasive evaluation of a wide range of pediatric diseases possible. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two imaging modalities that do not involve ionizing radiation and are preferred imaging modalities in the pediatric population. Computed tomography (CT) remains the imaging modality with the highest increase in utilization in children due to its widespread availability and rapid image acquisition. Emerging imaging applications to be discussed include MR urography, voiding urosonography with use of ultrasound contrast agents, CT dose reduction techniques, MR enterography for inflammatory bowel disease, and MR cine airway imaging.
FACTORS AFFECTING ADHESION OF COATING TO POULTRY SKIN. EFFECT OF AGE, METHOD OF CHILLING, AND SCALD TEMPERATURE ON POULTRY SKIN ULTRASTRUCTURE

The scanning electron microscope was used to study the effect of age, method of chilling, and scald temperature on poultry skin ultra-structure. This knowledge was deemed important in understanding how the condition of poultry skin affects the adhesion of batters and breadings. Evidence obtained from scanning electron micrographs indicated that adhesion of batters and breadings to poultry skin could be affected by the ultrastructure of poultry skin. It is theorized that improved adhesion would result if batters and breadings were applied to poultry skin without the cuticle. Increased scald temperatures, which remove the cuticle, should improve batter and breading adhesion. Age (3, 5, 7, or 9 wk), ice-slush chilling, and nonchilling of broiler carcasses did not cause visible changes in broiler skin ultrastructure and therefore should not affect batter and breading adhesion.
The identification of a particular nonlinear time series system

A nonlinear time series system is considered. The system has the property that the output series corresponding to a given input series is the sum of a noise series and the result of applying in turn the operations of linear filtering, instantaneous functional composition and linear filtering to the input series. Given a stretch of Gaussian input series and corresponding output series, estimates are constructed of the transfer functions of the linear filters, up to constant multipliers. The investigation discloses that for such a system, the best linear predictor of the output given Gaussian input, has a broader interpretation than might be suspected. The result is derived from a simple expression for the covariance function of a normal variate with a function of a jointly normal variate.