cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Political Ecology of Small-Scale Commercial Fishermen in Carteret County, North Carolina

Fishing communities along North Carolina's coastline struggle to maintain a viable fishing industry. No one points to any one thing contributing to the decline of the fishing industry, but to a collection of events and conditions that make it impossible for local commercial fishermen to sustain a livelihood. Drawing on the theoretical orientation of political ecology, we engaged in ethnographic research during the summer of 2006 in Carteret County. We interviewed fishermen, fish dealers, consumers, and restaurant owners to learn more about the political economy of the environment and the shared waters and fish. We learned from the research that regulations are in place that protect the waters and impose limits on who can fish when and the catch limits, but less protection is available for the fishermen and their families, who for many generations made their living by working in the fishing industry.
EXTREME VALUES OF SPIN-POLARIZATION ANALYZING POWERS IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS: M-MATRIX CONDITIONS

Abstract Sets of linear relations among elements of the transition matrix M are derived for points at which spin-1 and spin - 1 2 analyzing-power components reach their extreme values.
Turnover in bacterial DNA containing thymine or 5-bromouracil.

The extent of DNA turnover has been measured in a dnaB mutant of Escherichia coli , temperature sensitive for semi-conservative DNA replication. While incubated at its restrictive temperature, this strain exchanges about 0×02% of its deoxyribonucleotides in DNA per generation period. At the permissive temperature, the turnover rate is increased and is similar to that seen in wild type strains. The DNA turnover at 43°C is markedly suppressed by rifampicin but not significantly affected by nalidixic acid, in support of our suggestion that the process of transcription may sometimes result in repairable single-strand breaks. The rate of turnover is enhanced several-fold in DNA strands containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine in place of thymidine, perhaps because the analogue (or the deoxyuridine, following debromination) is sometimes recognized by an excisionrepair endonuclease. The number average molecular weight of 5-bromodeoxyuridine-containing DNA strands is lower than that of thymidine-containing strands from the same dark-grown bacterial cultures.
Mean lives of some states in atomic hydrogen.

Mean lives of 3s, 3d, 4s, 4p and 4d states in hydrogen and relative initial radiation intensities
The dissociative recombination of O2+ in the ionosphere

Aeronomical determinations of the dissociative recombination reaction rate coefficient for O2(+) and alpha depend directly on a knowledge of the rate coefficient for the charge exchange of O(+) with O2 and k. The aeronomical determination of alpha is reevaluated using Atmosphere Explorer satellite data in light of a subsequent laboratory measurement of k (Chen et al., 1978). The results are found to be in good agreement with laboratory determinations of the coefficient for night-time conditions. For data obtained under sunlit conditions, however, the results differed significantly with those of the laboratory measurements. These results imply that the state of the O2(+) molecule major thermospheric processes needs to be examined in greater detail.
Fabrication of Corona-Free Nanoparticles with Tunable Hydrophobicity

A protein corona is formed at the surface of nanoparticles in the presence of biological fluids, masking the surface properties of the particle and complicating the relationship between chemical functionality and biological effects. We present here a series of zwitterionic NPs of variable hydrophobicity that do not adsorb proteins at moderate levels of serum protein and do not form hard coronas at physiological serum concentrations. These particles provide platforms to evaluate nanobiological behavior such as cell uptake and hemolysis dictated directly by chemical motifs at the nanoparticle surface.
Modeling of Interfacial Shear for Gas Liquid Flows in Annular Film Condensation

Internal flow of pure vapor experiencing film condensation on the walls of a a straight horizontal duct is studied. The commonly occurring annular case of turbulent (or laminar) vapor flow in the core and laminar flow of the liquid condensate-with or without waves on the interface-is emphasized. We present a new methodology which models interfacial shear with the help of theory, computations, and reliable experimental data on heat transfer rates. The theory-at the point of onset of condensation-deals with issues of asymptotic form of interfacial shear, nonuniqueness of solutions, and selection of the physically admissible solution by a stability type criteria. Other details of the flow are predicted with the help of the proposed modeling approach. These predictions are shown to be in agreement with relevant experimental data. The trends for film thickness, heat transfer rates, and pressure drops are also made available in the form of power-law correlations.
Therapist effects: facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success

This study examined sources of therapist effects in a sample of 25 therapists who saw 1,141 clients at a university counseling center. Clients completed the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45) at each session. Therapists' facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) were assessed with a performance task that measures therapists' interpersonal skills by rating therapist responses to video simulations of challenging client-therapist interactions. Therapists completed the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and therapist demographic data (e.g., age, theoretical orientation) were available. To test for the presence of therapist effects and to examine the source(s) of these effects, data were analyzed with multilevel modeling. Of demographic predictor variables, only age accounted for therapist effects. The analysis with age, FIS, and SSI as predictors indicated that only FIS accounted for variance in outcomes suggesting that a portion of the variance in outcome between therapists is due to their ability to handle interpersonally challenging encounters with clients.
Bronchial rupture in a child, with subsequent stenosis, resection, and anastomosis.

Abstract A 2 1/2-year-old child was seen six days after she sustained a rupture of her right main bronchus. Because the diagnosis was not established until the sixth day after injury, repair was deferred for three weeks until the edema and acute inflammation had subsided. By repeated bronchoscopic and endotracheal suction, it was possible to maintain ventilation of the affected lung. Segmental bronchial resection was followed by uneventful recovery. In selected patients, deliberate delay in repairing bronchial rupture appears desirable.
761-3 Interventlonal Treatment of “Insignificant” Stenoses

Traditionally, coronary lesions with l 50% diameter stenosis are considered clinically insignificant. However, these lesions often initiate acute coronary thrombosis and infarction. Moreover, they are regularly if unintentional treated when interventionalists “clean up” a diffusely diseased vessel. To investigate this issue, quantitative analysis was applied to 3,799 discrete stenosis undergoing PTCA at multiple centers. Of these, 668 (17.9%) possessed a pre-procedural diameter stenosis of l 50%. These lesions were further subgrouped by terciles ( ≤ 42%, 42-47%, g 47%). Compared to diameter stenoses ≥ 50%, these lesions were significantly more eccentric (p l 0.0001 l, shorter (p l 0.0001 l) located in the LAD (p = 0.0003), and associated with multilesion PTCA (p l 0.0001). The therapeutic approach chosen involved larger balloons (balloon/artery ratio = 1.21 vs 1.10, P l 0.0001) but was accompanied by shorter inflation times (264 sec vs 320 sec, p l 0.0001). Although the acute improvement in MLD was less (0.39 vs 0.81 mm, p l 0.0001) loss of this improvement during follow-up was relatively high (loss index = 0.86 vs 0.44, P = 0.013), so that the net improvement at 6 months was one third that seen with the more severe stenoses (net gain = 0.17 vs 0.48 mm, p l 0.0001). Moreover, a substantial proportion of stenoses were more severely narrowed 6 months after the procedure than before (29.0% VS 15.4%, P l 0.0001). Download : Download high-res image (69KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusion Treatment of “insignificant” stenoses is relativelyfrequent. Despite more aggressive balloon sizing, short and intermediate term results are disappointing.
Fundamental patterns of bilateral muscle activity in human locomotion

Human gait is characterized by smooth, regular and repeating movements but the control system is complex: there are many more actuators (i.e. muscles) than degrees of freedom in the system. Statistical pattern-recognition techniques have been applied to examine muscle activity signals, but these have all concentrated exclusively on unilateral gait. We report here the application of factor analysis to the electromyographic patterns of 16 muscles (eight bilateral pairs) in ten normal subjects. Consistent with our prior work, we have established two factors, named loading response and propulsion, which correspond with important phases in the gait cycle. In addition, we have also discovered a third factor, which we have named the coordinating factor, that maintains the phase shift between the left and right sides. These findings suggest that the central nervous system solves the problem of high dimensionality by generating a few fundamental signals which control the major muscle groups in both legs.
Speed of perceptual grouping in acquired brain injury

Evidence exists that damage to white matter connections may contribute to reduced speed of information processing in traumatic brain injury and stroke. Damage to such axonal projections suggests a particular vulnerability to functions requiring integration across cortical sites. To test this prediction, measurements were made of perceptual grouping, which requires integration of stimulus components. A group of traumatic brain injury and cerebral vascular accident patients and a group of age-matched healthy control subjects viewed arrays of dots and indicated the pattern into which stimuli were perceptually grouped. Psychophysical measurements were made of perceptual grouping as well as processing speed. The patient group showed elevated grouping thresholds as well as extended processing time. In addition, most patients showed progressive slowing of processing speed across levels of difficulty, suggesting reduced resources to accommodate increased demands on grouping. These results support the prediction that brain injury results in a particular vulnerability to functions requiring integration of information across the cortex, which may result from dysfunction of long-range axonal connection.
Influence of deformation processing on tensile response of dispersion strengthened copper

AbstractThe influence of deformation processing on microstructure, tensile deformation, and fracture behaviour of an oxide dispersion strengthened copper alloy is presented and discussed. The strength of the alloy, in both the drawn and extruded microstructural conditions, decreased with an increase in test temperature. At a given temperature, the strength of the drawn microstructure was superior to that of the extruded counterpart. For both the drawn and extruded microstructures, the alloy maintained a high value of yield strengthultimate tensile strength ratio. The tensile fracture behaviour of the alloy was identical for both the drawn and extruded microstructures. Tensile deformation was essentially by inhomogeneous planar slip in the copper matrix and at locations remote from the dispersoid particles.
An analysis of U.S. coal industry trends: 1900–1986

Abstract The business cycles of the coal industry have been influenced by numerous controllable and non-controllable short-term and long-term factors. Principal among them are the non-controllable factors of the external economic environment such as international friction (wars) and energy monopolies (OPEC): both of these factors are relatively short-term. The underlying increasing demand for energy, for a growing world, is a long-term trend modified by rates of industrial growth and conservation; which are energy price and GNP or GDP related. The price of coal will have to remain at a factor of 2.5 to 3.0 cheaper than crude oil for it to be competitive and maintain an adequate share of the fossil fuel market. From a historical perspective, current (1987) coal prices appear to be more realistic, compared with the trend of the last decade.
Electron cloud density analysis using microwave cavity resonance

We report on a method to detect an electron cloud in proton accelerators through the measurement of the phase shift of microwaves undergoing controlled reflections with an accelerator vacuum vessel. Previous phase shift measurement suffered from interference signals due to uncontrolled reflections from beamline components, leading to an unlocalized region of measurement and indeterminate normalization. The method in this paper introduces controlled reflectors about the area of interest to localize the measurement and allow normalization. This paper describes analyses of the method via theoretical calculations, electromagnetic modeling, and experimental measurements with a bench-top prototype. Dielectric thickness, location and spatial profile were varied and the effect on phase shift is described. The effect of end cap aperture length on phase shift measurement is also reported. A factor of ten enhancement in phase shift is observed at certain frequencies.
Cryptosporidiosis: Sources of Infection and Guidelines for Prevention

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important emerging pathogen in the United States and a cause of severe, life-threatening disease in patients with AIDS. No safe and effective form of specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis has been identified to date. The parasite is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts excreted in the feces of infected humans or animals. The infection can therefore be transmitted from person to person through ingestion of contaminated water (drinking water and water used for recreational purposes) or food, from animal to person, or by contact with fecally contaminated environmental surfaces. Outbreaks associated with all of these modes of transmission have been documented. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection should be made more aware of the many ways that Cryptosporidium species are transmitted, and they should be given guidance on how to reduce the risk of exposure. This article summarizes existing data on the various modes of transmission. It includes an in-depth look at waterborne transmission because as more research data are made available to the public, physicians will increasingly be asked by patients about the importance of this source of infection compared with other sources of infection.
Limiting rates of ligand association to alcohol dehydrogenase.

Abstract Detailed stopped-flow kinetic studies of the association of 2,2-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline to the zinc ion at the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase have demonstrated that a process with a limiting rate constant of about 200 s−1 restricts the binding of the bidentate chelating agents to the free enzyme. The formation of the enzyme-ligand complexes has been followed by means of the characteristic absorption spectra of the resulting complexes or by the displacement of the fluorescent dye, auramine O. Monodentate ligands, upon binding to the free enzyme or enzyme-NAD+ and enzyme-NADH complexes, do not exhibit a comparable limiting rate. In analogy with simple inorganic systems, these observations have been interpreted in terms of the rate limiting dissociation of an inner sphere water molecule following the rapid formation by the bidentate ligand of an outer sphere complex. The displacement of a water molecule from the zinc ion by 1,10-phenanthroline has been observed in crystallographic studies which have also established that the zinc ion in the enzyme-1,10-phenanthroline complex is pentacoordinate. Monodentate ligands, which are substrate analogs, do not exhibit limiting rates because displacement of water is not required for their addition to a coordinate position which is apparently vacant in the free enzyme. If a water molecule remains bound to the zinc ion in the kinetically competent ternary complex, it could play an essential role in the proton transfer reaction accompanying catalysis.
Microparticle-mediated RNA immunization against bovine viral diarrhea virus

Abstract Infectious transcripts from the full-length infectious clone of the NADL strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were used to vaccinate cattle and sheep against BVDV. In vitro synthesized RNA delivered by microparticle bombardment with a Helios Gene Gun initiated replication of BVDV and consequently induced humoral immunity against type I BVDV (serum neutralization titers, SNT>2 12 ) and type II BVDV (SNT>2 7 ). The quality and long-term stability of the RNA-carrier complexes was assessed by microparticle bombardment of tissue culture monolayers. The RNA cartridges were found to be stable for at least 8 months upon storage. This is the first report on successful RNA vaccination of large ruminants.
Possible role of inclusions in the formation of crystal reorientation nuclei

Abstract The conditions for the stability of reorientation domains (i.e. small crystallites α having orientations different from the crystal α′ in which they are embedded) are defined. Reorientation domains contained in cylindrical cavities of inclusions β are stable, even in well annealed α′, provided the net work of forming the αβ interface in α′ is negative. The conditions are specified whereby inclusions or αa crystallites retained in them can generate nuclei for recrystallization or cellular precipitation. It is not proved that nuclei in the actual processes form by this mechanism.
COLLEGE EDUCATION AS VIEWED BY SOME FORMER GRADUATES

Opinions of business graduates concerning importance of college and university education were assessed. Responses indicate that most of the former graduates felt that college education was useful a...
The immediate early proteins of varicella-zoster virus

Stable, relatively high-titer varicella-zoster virus (VZV) stocks as well as a high-titer anti-VZV serum prepared in inbred guinea pigs have allowed the identification of VZV immediate early proteins using the classic inhibitor approach. VZV infection was initiated in the presence of cycloheximide. Following the removal of cycloheximide, actinomycin D and radiolabel were added. After the labeling period, extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-VZV guinea pig serum and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography or autoradiography. Four immediate early proteins of mol wts 185,000, 69,000, 43,000, and 34,000 were identified. The largest three were phosphoproteins.
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: a pattern of chronic lung injury ☆ ☆☆

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare condition currently described as an upper lobe subpleural and interstitial proliferation of predominantly elastic fibers. The etiology is unknown, and no specific diagnostic criteria have been reported. Here we report 5 cases of PPFE, 1 man and 4 women, 3 of them diagnosed at the time autopsy, 1 diagnosed in an explanted lung, and 1 diagnosed on a surgical wedge biopsy. The average age of diagnosis among this series is 73 years, and the duration of pulmonary symptoms ranged from 14 months to at least 9 years. Two patients had been exposed to specific medications (daptomycin and dapsone) preceding the development of pulmonary symptoms, and 1 patient developed eosinophilic pneumonia in the course of the disease. Four patients had clinical evidence of fibrous interstitial pneumonia. We found evidence of diffuse parenchymal fibroelastosis involving both upper and lower lobes in all 5 cases, suggesting that the disease may be a more diffuse condition than previously reported. PPFE may actually represent a pattern of chronic lung injury rather than a specific entity and may be seen in association with a variety of clinicoradiologic conditions. Based on our findings in this series and the most recent publications of the subject, we propose the following set of diagnostic criteria for PPFE: multilobar subpleural and/or centrilobular fibrous interstitial pneumonia characterized by an extensive (>80%) proliferation of elastic fibers in nonatelectatic lung, along with absent to mild chronic inflammation, and absent to rare granulomas.
Time-resolved measurements of the elastic properties of metal particles of different shapes

Excitation of metal nanoparticles with sub-picosecond laser pulses causes a rapid increase in the lattice temperature, which can impulsively excite the phonon modes of the particle that correlate with the expansion co-ordinates. The vibrational periods depend on the size, shape and elastic constants of the particles. Thus, time-resolved spectroscopy can be used to examine the material properties of nanometer sized objects. This article will provide a brief overview of our recent work in this area of research, specifically, how the vibrational modes observed in the experiments are assigned and what information can be obtained from the measurements. Our work has mainly been concerned with noble metal particles (gold and silver) in aqueous solution. The different shapes that have been examined include spheres, rods and triangles, all with different sizes.
Analytical study of heat transfer to liquid metals flowing along a row of spheres

On the postulation of inviscid potential flow, theoretical analyses have been performed for heat transfer to liquid metals flowing along a row of equally-spaced spheres, the pitch-to-diameter ratio of which ranges from unity (touching spheres) to infinity (a single sphere in the fluid stream). The following explicit expressions for the average Nusselt number were obtained : For uniform surface temperature: Nu = (√2π)Pe12 (φ'πR3)12. For uniform surface heat flux: NuD = 1·0035 Pe12 (φ'πR3)12. It was revealed that the surface velocity potential factor, φπR3, which appears in the above equations is solely a function of the pitch-to-diameter ratio. A theoretical method has been developed for evaluating the numerical values of φπR3 utilizing the vector potential recently obtained by Michael {9}. In connection with this, an equation describing the velocity potential along a row of spheres has been obtained. Numerical values of φπR3 were determined by means of an IBM digital computer. It was found to vary from 2·0 for flow past a single sphere to ≈ 1·5639 for flow along a row of touching spheres.
Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones

The science, history, and culture of tropical cyclones around the globe have evolved considerably since the award-winning first edition of "Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones" was published nearly 10 years ago. Improved forecasting techniques, altered naming systems, and new intensity and duration records are only a few of the changes that have taken the meteorological world by storm in recent years. As a result of improvements in forecasting and warning systems, landfall and intensity predictions are much more accurate and timely, thereby reducing economic costs and enhancing life safety."Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition" features significant updates and information on recent weather phenomena and the devastation and loss that often resulted. Hurricanes Andrew, Gilbert, and Wilma are covered in detail in this comprehensive reference, as well as the most destructive and deadly tropical cyclone witnessed in the United States in the last 50 years - Hurricane Katrina. As the historic and vibrant city of New Orleans continues to rebuild and reconstruct in the aftermath of this hurricane, national meteorological agencies and research institutions suffer from the deadly effects of under-funding and political neglect. Between 2005 and 2006, hurricane-related damage in the United States totaled $168 billion, and nearly 1,500 lives were lost - grim tallies that lend credence and urgency to the call for a centrally organized, multi-agency response to tropical cyclone activity in this country, and indeed, around the globe.Focusing on these issues and more, this completely revised edition features more than 85 all-new, black-and-white photographs and line illustrations, a revised introduction, historical and cultural entries, extensively revised front and back matter, a bibliography of print and Web resources, a chronology, and an index.
The influence of chemical mechanisms on PDF calculations of nonpremixed piloted jet flames

Seven different chemical mechanisms for methane are used in PDF model calculations of the Barlow and Frank flames D, E, and F in order to investigate the ability of these mechanisms to represent the local extinction, reignition, and other chemical phenomena observed in these nonpremixed piloted jet flames. The mechanisms studied range from a 5-step reduced mechanism to the GRI3.0 mechanism which involves 53 species. As in several other recent studies, we use the PDF method based on the joint probability density function of velocity, turbulence frequency, and composition. Extensive tests are performed to ensure the numerical accuracy of the calculations, to relate them to previous calculations based on the same model, and to reexamine the sensitivity of the calculations (especially of flame F) to uncertainties in the pilot temperature and the treatment of radiation. As has been observed in other studies of laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames, we find that the GRI3.0 mechanism overpredicts the levels of NO, typically by a factor of 2. Apart from this, the GRI3.0 and GRI2.11 mechanisms yield comparably good agreement with the experimental data for all three flames, including the level of local extinction and the conditional means of major and other minor species. Two augmented reduce mechanism (ARM1 and ARM2) based on GRI2.11 and containing 16 and 19 species are slightly less accurate; while the 5-step reduced mechanism and two C1 skeletal mechanisms containing 16 species display significant inaccuracies. An examination of the autoignition and laminar-flame behavior of the different mechanisms confirms (with some exceptions) expected trends: there is an association between long ignition delay times, small extinction strain rates, and high levels of local extinction. This study again demonstrates the ability of the joint PDF method to represent accurately the strong turbulence–chemistry interactions in these flames, and it clarifies the necessary level of description of the chemical kinetics.
INTERNAL CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A QUALITY OF SCHOOL LIFE INSTRUMENT ACROSS NATIONALITY AND SCHOOL LEVEL

A multi-scale quality of life instrument, initially designed for use in Australian high schools, was used to collect data on the quality of school life of students in Australian and Louisianian high schools and a Louisianian university. The internal construct validity and reliability of each of the six subscales across these three contexts was investigated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis procedures. The results indicate that all six of the subscales show internal construct validity and acceptable reliability across the three contexts, but that there is some variation in the reliability itself. The relevance of these findings to research making cross-cultural and cross-level comparisons of attitudes is discussed.
Scattering from disordered surfaces in the sudden approximation

The angular intensity distribution of atomic beams scattered from partially disordered solid surfaces is investigated. Quantitative relations are established between correlation functions that describe the structural disorder, and several features of the scattered intensity distribution. To simplify the collision dynamics, the study is carried out in the framework of the sudden approximation, which assumes that momentum changes perpendicular to the surface are large compared with momentum transfer due to surface corrugation. Simple relations are obtained between the structural correlation functions and the scattering at near‐specular angles, at extreme off‐specular angles, and for directions close to that at which the surface scattering rainbow appears for the corresponding ordered lattice system. Detailed expressions for the case of step disorder are presented. The results suggest that molecular beam scattering should be a powerful probe of structural properties of disordered surfaces.
The efficacy of sternal measurements for sex estimation in South African blacks

The correct assessment of sex from the human skeleton is of fundamental importance in forensic medicine and bioarchaeology. In South Africa, unidentified remains are often fragmentary, making it necessary to estimate sex from a variety of skeletal elements. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sex discriminating potential of the sternum in black South Africans using standard osteometric techniques. A sample of 123 males and 83 females drawn from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons and the Pretoria Bone Collection was used. The results demonstrated that all eight sternal variables, including both dimensions and indices, were highly sexually dimorphic in this population. A stepwise discriminant function procedure, which selected corpus sterni length and manubrium width, correctly identified 86.4% of the individuals in the study sample. Additional multivariate discriminant equations incorporating dimensions for either the manubrium or corpus sterni yielded sex prediction rates of 80.6% and 84.5%, respectively. Sternal area, when used in isolation, produced the highest sex classification accuracy with 86.9% of specimens correctly assigned. The remaining single variable functions, which can be applied when well-preserved or complete sterna are not available for analysis, provided classification accuracies ranging from 68.4% to 83.5%. These classification results are comparable to those reported in previous investigations concerning sex estimation of black South Africans for other postcranial elements.
LC-9018 treatment enhances survival in gram-negative burn wound sepsis

Mice pretreated with the LC-9018 showed enhanced survival compared to controls when burned and infected with P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae strains. Burned skin quantitative bacterial counts in LC-9018 treated and controls were similar but kidney and liver counts of treated mice were significantly lower. Increased peritoneal cell counts in LC-9018 treated groups suggested enhanced survival and lower organ counts resulted from increased microbial clearance. Survival in LC-9018 pretreated P. aeruginosa infected burned mice was reduced in neutropenic or macrophage blockaded mice which supported this hypothesis. Burned mice treated with LC-9018 at times postburn but pre-P. aeruginosa infection showed significantly enhanced survival. Thus LC-9018 treatment might be useful for increasing survival from burn wound sepsis and further investigation is warranted.
Community correlates of outcomes in subjects with panic attacks.

The purpose of this study was to document the association between community factors and mental health outcomes in subjects with panic attacks. Randomly selected adults from 18 census tracts were screened for the presence of panic attacks. A structured interview was used to assess health care utilization, psychiatric morbidity, quality of life, and sense of control over panic. Community measures were obtained from census data. Regression analyses found that each community measure was associated with at least one outcome even when adjusted for individual socioeconomic status and barriers to access. Research concerning mental health outcomes in subjects with panic attacks should include community-level data.
Case report 576

Cas particulier d'un chordome sacroccoxygien sans destruction osseuse, traite par chirurgie puis radiotherapie. Diagnostic differentiel avec un sarcome retrorectal
On the multiplicity of the emitting state of ruthenium(II) complexes

Abstract Luminescence lifetimes of a number of complexes of ruthenium(II) containing 2,2′-bipyridine, 1, 10-phenanthroline, and 2,2′,2″-tripyridine ligands have been measured in an aleoholic glass at 77°K. The mean lives all fall in the range of 0.5–10 μsec. Based upon experimental evidence the luminescence is assigned to a spin-forbidden process.
The properties of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase of aged swede root disks

Abstract The cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase of swede root disks is a microsomal enzyme with a specific requirement for NADPH and cinnamic acid. The enzyme is inhib
Taking time out from grading and evaluating while working in a conventional system

Abstract This essay argues that grading and evaluation need not be as pervasive as they seem—even for teachers working in conventional grading curriculum. First, the author explores ways in which teachers can step outside grading: by using non-graded writing assignments, portfolios, and grading contracts. Then the author explores how it is possible to go further and even step outside of the mentality of evaluation: by using certain descriptive and analytic responses to student writing. The appendix includes a sample grading contract along with some further discussion of it.
Metabolic Support of the Thermally Injured Patient

Nutrition Support Pharmacist features issues pertinent to the practice of clinical pharmacy in the area of nutritional support. The column is edited by Dr. Roland Dickerson, Professor of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis, TN. Address correspondence to Dr. Roland N. Dickerson, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 26 South Dunlap St., Memphis, TN 38163.This article provides a summary of our approach to the nutritional management of the thermally injured patient. However, it must be pointed out that there are other alternative effective evidence-based approaches to managing this problematic patient population. There are numerous exceptions to the above outlined guidelines that the astute clinician must be able to identify. However, for the beginning reader, this approach will provide a sound foundation upon which to build their practice in the management of these difficult patients.
Kohn-Type Variational Principle for Three-Body Breakup Processes

A Kohn-type variational principle normally requires knowledge of the asymptotic form of the time-reversed final-state wave function. For the breakup collision of a bound pair of particles by a third particle, the time-reversed final state is a state in which three free particles are incident, and the asymptotic form of the associated wave function is only incompletely understood. We have nevertheless been able to obtain a Kohn-type variational principle for the breakup scattering amplitude (for short-range potentials). The final expression involves only well-defined integrals, though in the course of the derivation we are forced to separate finite integrals into separately divergent components. These divergences, which also occur elsewhere in scattering theory, are handled by a redefinition of the integrals which is the analog for integrals of Ces\`aro summation.
SINGLE PION PHOTOPRODUCTION NEAR THRESHOLD.

Abstract The latest theoretical predictions for single pion photoproduction are compared with the Kroll-Ruderman limit and a recent extension. The role of the omega meson in π o photoproduction is elucidated, and threshold predictions for π o photoproduction from neutrons are presented.
Experimental Haemonchosis in White-Tailed Deer*

While-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were successfully infected with Haemonchus contortus of sheep origin. Individual deer in each of three groups were inoculated with 0. 25,000, and 100,000 larvae respectively. Severity of infection was related to dose and signs of infection were most obvious in the heavily inoculated animals. Infected deer were weak, emaciated, and anemic, similar to the clinical response in sheep. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and total serum protein values for both infected groups were significantly lower than for the controls. Inhibition of larval growth was noted in both infected groups, but was most pronounced in the group which received 100,000 larvae. Inhibition of egg production was also noted in this group. The potential importance of H. cortortus in deer populations was discussed.
Kinetic study of the drug acetazolamide using thermogravimetry

Abstract The drug acetazolamide (C4H6N4O3S2) was studied using a simultaneous thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) unit. The study covered the temperature range of ambient to 600 °C. The DTA showed a melting point of 258.5 °C followed by a three-stage decomposition. The TG–DTG plots clearly show the decomposition when subjected to heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere. A kinetic analysis of all stages was attempted, where a zero-order process appeared to be the best fit mechanism and plots of ln k versus T−1 show this. The values of Eact are shown to vary throughout each stage as the reaction progressed.
Crisis Management's New Role in Educational Settings

From natural disasters to the financial debacle, it is clear to the educational community that crises know no boundaries. Far from a passing fad, crisis planning must be an integrated part of effective school district leadership. Two studies explore the status of crisis management in selected public school systems and offer recommendations for enhancing the crisis-ready state of educational organizations.
RIESGO ATRIBUIBLE: SUS FORMAS, USOS E INTERPRETACiÓN

Resumen El concepto de riesgo atribuible, descrito por primera vez hace mas de tres decadas, es raramente usado en el analisis e interpretacion de estudios epidemiologicos, a pesar de su interes y de los considerables avances teorico-metodologicos desarrollados en los ultimos anos. El presente trabajo describe las diferentes formas de riesgo atribuible, sus aplicaciones y las limitaciones en su interpretacion. Asimismo, se discuten las posibles razones que podrian explicar por que la epidemiologia academica moderna ha relegado su uso en la practica.
Propensity for Hip Dislocation in Gait Loading Versus Sit-to-Stand Maneuvers: Implications for Surgical Management of Acetabular Fractures

Acetabular fractures present a clinical challenge due to the complicated anatomy and difficulty of exposure, reduction, and fixation. There are several indications for surgery including any fracture which is displaced more than 2mm, failure to maintain reduction by closed means, or, for transverse fractures, a roof-arc angle less than 45 degrees (1,2). The last indication was determined by a cadaver model that only evaluated hip stability in the single leg stance phase of the gait cycle (3). Kinesiological models have well established that the magnitude and direction of the joint contact force can deviate substantially from the mechanics of gait loading, particularly for such activities of daily living as sit-to-stand maneuvers and climbing stairs (4,5). Thus, the criteria for fracture stability established using gait-only loading conditions may be inadequate for other activities of daily living. Basic engineering principles would dictate that the most conservative estimate of dislocation potential be used in managing these cases clinically; and it is therefore important to re-evaluate fracture management criteria in alternative loading conditions that have a high potential for dislocation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Formulation and Processing of a Heat Stable Calcium‐fortified Soy Milk

Calcium-fortified soy milk (200 mg/100g) was formulated by adding to water (85-90°C) full-fat soy flour (10%), sucrose (2.75%) and soy protein isolate (2.25%). Following homogenization, the blend was twice clarified and pasteurized at 65°C/30 min before refrigeration. Samples of the soy milk (45°C) were adjusted to pH 8 before adding calcium lactogluconate (1.55%) and varying amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate or potassium citrate. Samples with 1.25% potassium citrate had the best heat stability. For successful calcium fortification, it is recommended to maintain a calcium-to-protein ratio < 38 mg/g and to use an appropriate sequestering agent at a molar ratio of 0.8/mole calcium.
Chronic inhalation study in rats, using cigarettes containing different amounts of cytrell tobacco supplement☆

Abstract The paper describes a chronic (18-month) inhalation study in rats, comparing respiratory tract lesions produced by exposures to cigaretts with different inclusion of Cytrel®, a tobacco supplement. Histopathological examinations indicated lower responses in animals exposed to Cytrel-containing cigarettes than in those exposed to all-tobacco cigarettes, despite similar total deliveries of smoke. The decrease in response was approximately proportional to the level of Cytrel inclusion.
A Comparison of Fine-needle Aspiration, Core Biopsy, and Surgical Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Extremity Soft Tissue Masses

Background Biopsy tissue can be obtained through a fine needle, a wider coring needle, or through an open surgical incision. Though much literature exists regarding the diagnostic yield of these techniques individually, none compare accuracy of diagnosis in the same mass.
Limiting dilution analysis of the specificity of influenza-immune cytotoxic T cells.

Abstract The frequency of memory T cells in the spleens of mice primed with the A/Puerto Rico/8/34/1 (H1N1) (PR8) influenza A virus was determined using limiting dilution protocols. The mean frequency of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in spleen populations from mice primed with PR8 and restimulated in vitro with the same virus ranged, in six experiments, from 1 in 1600 to 1 in 4800. In the same experiments, the frequencies of CTL capable of lysing targets infected with the heterologous A/Hong Kong/×31/68 (H3N2) (HK) virus ranged from 1 in 1700 to 1 in 4700 nucleated spleen cells. Thus, at least 80% of PR8 (H1N1) influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells are lytic for both HK (H3N2)- and PR8-infected target cells. Further analysis of the specificity of a series of monoclonal influenza-specific CTL was achieved by expanding limit dilution cultures and then testing lytic capacity for targets infected with a range of influenza A viruses. This approach confirmed that the great majority of PR8-primed influenza-specific CTL are cross-reactive for a variety of influenza A subtypes. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of quantitating different influenza-immune CTL specificities at a stage very close to removal of cells from the animal.
Dynamic Analysis of a Self-Sustainable Renewable Hydrogen Fueling Station

Author(s): Zhao, L; Brouwer, J; Samuelsen, S | Abstract: To evaluate the dynamic operation and feasibility of designing and operating a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources, system models for a hydrogen fueling station using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and fuel cell have been developed to simulate the renewable sources and fueling dynamics together with hydrogen production and station operation. Theoretical models have been integrated to simulate station performance when subjected to measured power and fueling demand dynamics from a public fueling station and measured renewable energy supply dynamics. The theoretical models that are integrated into various self-sustainable station design configurations include a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and PEM fuel cell, hydrogen compressor, and storage tank. The fueling dynamics and power consumption dynamics were obtained from an operating public hydrogen fueling station and implemented in the system model. Various control strategies are simulated and the station performance is determined to depend upon the way renewable power is utilized in the station. Due to the round trip efficiency penalty associated with converting electricity to hydrogen (in an electrolyzer) and vice versa (in a fuel cell), the results suggest that the station operation power should be supplied by the renewable sources directly whenever possible, and that the hydrogen fuel cell should provide power only when there is no renewable power available (the third control strategy tested in this paper). The simulated hydrogen fueling station powered by 200 kW wind turbines or 360 kW solar PV were determined to successfully operate in a self-sustainable manner while dispensing ∼25 kg of hydrogen per day. This study provides insights regarding the sizing of the station components such as renewable energy conversion devices, electrolyzer and fuel cell, and storage tank. The cost of the hydrogen was determined to be $8.01 per kg when the station is powered by 200 kW of wind turbines and operated using control strategy 3, while it increased to $20.22 per kg when the station is powered by 360 kW of PV array and operated using control strategy 3. This study provides a basis for achieving self-sustainable renewable hydrogen fueling stations. With further optimization and development, these self-sustainable renewable hydrogen fueling stations could provide valuable interconnections (especially in remote locations) throughout the hydrogen infrastructure network and further support the integration of renewable sources for vehicle fuels.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOTOXIC ALUMINUM IN SOIL SOLUTIONS FROM PHOSPHOGYPSUM AMENDED SOILS

Phosphogypsum (PG), an industrial by-product from phosphoric acid plants, is being used as an ameliorant for acid soil infertility. Phosphogypsum is primarily CaSO4 and contains F among several impurities. An increase in SO4 2− and F− ligands in soil solutions following amendment with PG is important for the alleviation of Al toxicity. In soil solutions containing abundant SO4 2− and F−, a measure of Al that is not complexed with either of the ligands represents phytotoxic Al. Alleviation of Al toxicity by SO4 2− in some instances is due to SO4 2−-induced precipitation and/or sorption of Al. Some studies have demonstrated a decrease in Al toxicity by SO4 2− even though precipitation of Al was not evident.In such cases, formation of the Al-SO4 + ion-pair (predicted by speciation models) has been attributed as the reason for alleviation of Al toxicity. Recent evidence has indicated that the proportion of Al complexed with SO4 2− was much greater than that predicted by using speciation models, which suggests that alleviation is not fully attributable to the formation of AlSO4 + species. The existing colorimetric Al assay techniques have failed to discriminate Al complexed with SO4 2− and have therefore, proved to be unsuitable for determination of phytotoxic Al in solutions containing SO4 2−. Fractionation of Al complexed with SO4 2− by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has permitted a more precise characterization of Al complexed with SO4 2− which has been demonstrated as less phytotoxic than the uncomplexed Al. Therefore, size exclusion chromatography is a promising technique for characterization of phytotoxic Al in solutions in the presence of SO4 2−. In solutions containing F−, alleviation of Al toxicity is due to formation of Al-F complexes which are less phytotoxic. The 8-hydroxyquinoline method with a 15 second reaction time excludes Al-F complexes and, therefore is a measure of phytotoxic Al in solutions containing F−.