cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Dipole Correlation Function and Dipole Expectation Value in Light-Scattering Spectra

Recently the observation of high-order harmonics in light scattered from atoms undergoing multiphoton ionization has been reported [1–2]. Theoretical attempts to explain various novel features of the observed spectra have been partially successful [2–5].
Multispectral Imaging for Automated Tissue Identification of Normal Human Surgical Specimens.

ObjectiveSafe surgery requires the accurate discrimination of tissue intraoperatively. We assess the feasibility of using multispectral imaging and deep learning to enhance surgical vision by autom...
Policy and Misallocation

This paper investigates the effect of industrial policies on resource misallocation using a rich data-set of Chinese firms. Using a difference-in-di¤erence approach, we provide evidence that government policies favoring particular industries lead to increased resource misallocation (i.e., an increase in the dispersion of revenue productivity across firms in four-digit industries). Moreover, the differential changes between supported and not supported industries are quantitatively large and indicative of a substantial negative impact on aggregate TFP. Using a changes-in-changes model, we find evidence that the Five Year Plan had a positive and significant e¤ect for most of the TFPR distribution while the effect was negative for the lowest quintile of TFPQ and positive for the highest TFPQ quintile. Our results suggest increased misallocation is related to the way in which the Chinese government doled out support through the increase of subsidies and the improvement of credit conditions for a subset of firms.
Fully Automated Placental Volume Quantification From 3DUS for Prediction of Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants

OBJECTIVES Early placental volume (PV) has been associated with small-for-gestational-age infants born under the 10th/5th centiles (SGA10/SGA5). Manual or semiautomated PV quantification from 3D ultrasound (3DUS) is time intensive, limiting its incorporation into clinical care. We devised a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) pipeline for fully automated placenta segmentation from 3DUS images, exploring the association between the calculated PV and SGA. METHODS Volumes of 3DUS obtained from singleton pregnancies at 11-14 weeks' gestation were automatically segmented by our CNN pipeline trained and tested on 99/25 images, combining two 2D and one 3D models with downsampling/upsampling architecture. The PVs derived from the automated segmentations (PVCNN ) were used to train multivariable logistic-regression classifiers for SGA10/SGA5. The test performance for predicting SGA was compared to PVs obtained via the semiautomated VOCAL (GE-Healthcare) method (PVVOCAL ). RESULTS We included 442 subjects with 37 (8.4%) and 18 (4.1%) SGA10/SGA5 infants, respectively. Our segmentation pipeline achieved a mean Dice score of 0.88 on an independent test-set. Adjusted models including PVCNN or PVVOCAL were similarly predictive of SGA10 (area under curve [AUC]: PVCNN = 0.780, PVVOCAL = 0.768). The addition of PVCNN to a clinical model without any PV included (AUC = 0.725) yielded statistically significant improvement in AUC (P < .05); whereas PVVOCAL did not (P = .105). Moreover, when predicting SGA5, including the PVCNN (0.897) brought statistically significant improvement over both the clinical model (0.839, P = .015) and the PVVOCAL model (0.870, P = .039). CONCLUSIONS First trimester PV measurements derived from our CNN segmentation pipeline are significantly associated with future SGA. This fully automated tool enables the incorporation of including placental volumetric biometry into the bedside clinical evaluation as part of a multivariable prediction model for risk stratification and patient counseling.
Long Term Risk of Pelvic Insufficiency Fractures and Lower Extremity Edema After Definitive Chemoradiation for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal.

Purpose/objective(s) Definitive chemoradiation is the standard of care of treatment of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the anal canal. While this treatment is effective, definitive chemoradiation is associated with significant acute and late toxicities. In this study, we seek to evaluate the incidence and identify risk factors of radiotherapy (RT) induced pelvic insufficiency fractures and lower extremity (LE) edema. Materials/methods We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis of 185 patients treated with chemoradiation for anal SCC between 2007-2019. Median age was 61 (range: 15-92); 9.8% were metastatic and 34.1% were men. All patients received concurrent chemotherapy, including 160 patients treated with concurrent 5-fluorouracil /MMC, 12 treated with 5-fluorouracil /Cisplatin, 9 patients treated with 5FU alone, 2 treated with FOLFOX alone, and 2 treated with Carboplatin/Paclitaxel. Median dose to the pelvis was 54 Gy. RT modalities included IMRT/VMAT (N = 157), pencil beam proton beam (N = 17), 3D-CRT (N = 6), and multi-modalities (N = 5). Patient medical charts and imaging were reviewed for patient/treatment characteristics, and to determine incidence of development of post-RT related insufficiency fractures and LE. Pelvic insufficiency fractures were all confirmed radiographically with CT or MRI pelvis. Patients with baseline LE edema were excluded from the analysis of post-RT related LE edema. Cox univariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of pelvic fracture. Results Median follow-up was 59 months. Among 185 patients, 11 (6%) patients developed pelvic insufficiency fractures at a median time of 11 months (range: 2.7-60) since completion of RT treatment (range: 2-60). Treatment for pelvic insufficiency fractures included narcotics (n = 3), and no patient required sacroplasty. All but 1 of the patients who developed pelvic insufficiency fractures were women. However, gender (P = 0.12) and menopausal status (P = 0.87) were not significant on univariate analysis. On univariate analysis, only treatment with IMRT/VMAT (HR 2.33, P = 0.02) predicted for higher risk of development of pelvic insufficiency fracture. Among patients without baseline LE edema, 5.95% of patients developed LE or pelvic edema after completion of RT at a median of 3 months post-treatment (range: 0-42). Of these, 7 patients developed LE edema, 1 developed vulvar edema, and 1 patient developed scrotal edema. All patients had grade 1+ edema. Conclusion RT related pelvic insufficiency fractures and LE edema are rare after chemoradiation to the pelvis, and often are incidental findings appreciated radiographically. IMRT/VMAT may be associated with higher risk of pelvic insufficiency fractures.
Outcomes of Gender-Affirming Voice and Communication Modification for Transgender Individuals.

Objectives Transgender individuals' voices are closely related to gender identity. A primary goal of gender-affirming voice modification is to help individuals alter their voices to improve gender congruence; however, there is a paucity of research to support this approach. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a 12-week gender-affirming voice and communication modification program. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods A retrospective consecutive case series of transgender women enrolled in a voice and communication modification program was performed. Demographics, Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ), fundamental frequency (F0 ), and frequency range were collected before and after the program. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed changes in outcomes. Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients quantified associations between self-reported outcomes and acoustic measures. Results A total of 16 trans women individuals were enrolled. The mean age was 31.5 years. After program completion, TWVQ improved 20.4 points, F0 increased 26.5 Hz (spontaneous speech) and 25.7 Hz (reading), and the range increased 24.7 Hz (spontaneous speech) and 0.1 Hz (reading). None of the changes in acoustic measures significantly correlated with improvement in TWVQ scores in the cohort. Conclusion Trans women experience improvements in self-reported outcomes and changes in acoustic measures after completing a gender-affirming voice and communication modification program. Individuals may experience significant improvement in subjective outcomes despite small changes in acoustic measures and vice versa. Level of evidence Level 4 (case series) Laryngoscope, 2021.
Hapten-Specific IgE Antibody Responses in Mice VI. Selective Enhancement of IgE Antibody Production by Low Doses of X-Irradiation and by Cyclophosphamide

Exposure of BALB/c, A/J, and (BALB/c X A/J)F1 mice, which are IgE high responder animals, to total body x-irradiation ranging from 50 to 200 R resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of the hapten-specific IgE antibody level as compared to unirradiated control mice. In contrast, anti-hapten antibody responses of the IgG class in these same animals were rarely enhanced, and when so, were of a lesser degree. This relatively selective augmentation of the IgE vs IgG antibody responses was observed in both unprimed and primed mice. By utilizing adoptive transfer systems, it was demonstrated that the enhancing effects of x-irradiation resulted from its action on the carrier-primed cell population and not upon the responding B cells or upon macrophages. The data presented herein suggest that this enhancement phenomenon is the result of the elimination of T cells (or their products) with suppressive functions and that these cells are neither dependent upon nor specific for the carrier antigen employed in the immunization. This hypothesis is given indirect support by the observations that treatment of the same strains of mice with cyclophosphamide, in doses known to abrogate suppressive T cell functions, resulted in a similar enhancing effect to that observed after low doses of x-irradiation. In addition an interesting difference between IgE and IgG precursor B lymphocytes was observed by the ability of IgE B cells to differentiate to the secretory state at a strikingly more rapid rate than IgG B lymphocytes when exposed to comparable T cell helper influences. These observations may provide important clues to the cellular mechanisms of the immune regulation of the IgE response and its relationship to allergic diseases.
Purification and Characterization of Colicin E2 and Colicin E3

Abstract Colicin E2 and colicin E3 were purified from Escherichia coli W3110(ColE2) and W3110(ColE3), respectively, by salt extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex and carboxymethyl Sephadex. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugal characterization, immunochemical analysis, and isoelectric density gradient electrophoresis indicated that both protein preparations were homogeneous. Colicin E2, however, was shown to exist under certain conditions in two active, electrophoretically distinguishable forms, which were interconvertible. Biochemical analysis showed that both colicin E2 and colicin E3 are simple proteins composed exclusively of amino acids. Both proteins have sedimentation coefficients of 4.0 S and molecular weights of approximately 60,000. Amino acid and immunochemical analyses of colicins E2 and E3 suggest that there are regions of similar structure in the two proteins as well as regions unique to each protein. These observations are consistent with the specificity for the same receptor site, the differing modes of killing action, and the differing responses to immunity exhibited by these two colicins.
Stretch reflex gain and threshold changes as a function of elbow stretch velocity in hemiparetic stroke

The main emphasis of this study is to determine the effect of stretch velocity on stretch reflex gain and threshold during elbow extension in the paretic upper limb of 13 hemiparetic stroke subjects. Ten velocities ranging from 6 to 150/spl deg//s were applied in random fashion. The resulting reflex torques were subjected to two different quantitative approaches following subtraction of passive torques obtained at the 6/spl deg//s velocity to determine the reflex threshold and gain. Both approaches determined changes in reflex threshold and gain as a function of stretch velocity in all subjects tested. The relative effects of threshold versus gain changes on stretch reflex induced flexion torques were tested for a 60/spl deg//s increase in stretch velocity from 45/spl deg/to 105/spl deg//s. In all but one of the 13 subjects the effect of reflex gain became the predominant contributor to the reflex torque before the end of the stretch. The neurophysiological and clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
Minimizing Width in Linear Layouts

A (linear) layout of an undirected graph G is a one-to-one function mapping the vertices of G to integers. The cutwidth of G under a linear layout L, denoted by cw(G,L), is the maximum, taken over all possible i, of the number of edges connecting vertices assigned to integers less than i to vertices assigned to integers at least as large as i. The cutwidth of a graph G, denoted by cw(G), is the minimum of cw(G,L), taken over all possible linear layouts L. The problem of determining the cutwidth of a graph, called the Min Cut Linear Arrangement problem, has applications in VLSI, for example in the minimization of interconnection channels in Weinberger arrays [16].
Emerging Market Hedge Funds: Are They Managed Like Hedge Funds?

In this study, we investigate whether the performance of emerging market hedge funds (EMHFs) follow a pattern similar to that reported for advanced market hedge funds. In contrast to the pre-2007 period, our results for the post-2006 period showthat EMHFs exhibit performance patterns similar to those reported for hedge funds that focus on the developed markets. Unlike in the pre-2007 period, EMHFs in general do not exhibit significant exposure to specific asset classes in the post-2006 period. On a risk-adjusted basis, we find that EMHFs do not consistently outperform the benchmarks. The reported performance patterns may provide useful insights to both academics and portfolio managers.
Development of the Functional Assessment Taxonomy

The development of the Functional Assessment Taxonomy is described and the taxonomy is presented. The taxonomy provides a method to classify and organize constructs that are used to assess the functional abilities of people with medical impairments to determine work disability. The taxonomy has 131 constructs that are organized into 33 conceptual factors that are nested in 5 domains. Each construct is defined and is categorized in terms of the work disability model and the unit of analysis that is commonly used to measure the construct. The use of the taxonomy in the Disability Methodology Redesign Project is described. Other possible uses for the taxonomy are presented.
Karin Melberg Schwier and Dave Hingsburger: Sexuality –– Yours Sons and Daughters with Intellectual Disabilities

Given the relatively thin size of this book, I was skeptical that Schwier and Hingsburger could have covered the breadth and depth of the massive topic that is sexuality. The results of writing a comprehensive, non jargon-filled text in this small space, however, makes for an incredibly informative and approachable read. Schwier and Hingsburger’s Sexuality: Yours Sons and Daughters with Intellectual Disabilities is written as a guidebook for parents of children with mostly intellectual disabilities. In their text, sexuality is defined as everything from recognizing good touch and bad touch in younger children and marriage rights and sexual preference in young adults. Their style of presentation is one of the more appealing aspects of the book; the reader is introduced at the very beginning to some families which include children with intellectual disabilities. Then as the topics are explained in more detail, comments from these parents and children are incorporated to give a real sense of how concerns about sexuality may present in the real world. Additionally, Schwier and Hingsburger include ‘‘stop and think’’ activities for parents, which help to break down potentially overwhelming concepts. The overall tone is very friendly. The discussions from families with children with intellectual disabilities illustrate the frustration that is experienced but also that there is no need to be alone in this frustration. Parents may find that this reassurance of community is as important to take away from their reading as the more specific content of this book. Sexuality is organized in chronological order by the child’s age, with the first chapters entitled ‘‘A Place to Start’’ and ‘‘Hold Me Tight’’ and ending with ‘‘Let Me Go’’. Early on, Schwier & Hingsburger emphasize the development of allies through family, friends, and medical caregivers in order to best support a child with intellectual disabilities. Their presentation pattern of combining practices to adopt at home while drawing on outside resources continues throughout the book and is this guide’s greatest strength. They also make clear that even if a parent is reading this book when their child is older, it is not too late to promote good self esteem and support systems that will hopefully act as protective factors as the child develops sexually.
The Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase Yvh1p Acts Upstream of the Protein Kinase Mck1p in Promoting Spore Development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells induce YVH1 expression and enter the developmental pathway, leading to sporulation when starved for nitrogen. We show that yvh1 disruption causes a defect in spore maturation; overexpression of MCK1 or IME1 suppresses this yvh1 phenotype. While mck1 mutations are epistatic to those in yvh1 relative to spore maturation, overexpression of MCK1 does not suppress the yvh1 slow-vegetative-growth phenotype. We conclude that (i) Yvh1p functions earlier than Mck1p and Ime1p in the signal transduction cascade that regulates sporulation and is triggered by nitrogen starvation and (ii) the role of Yvh1p in gametogenesis can be genetically distinguished from its role in vegetative growth.
Growth tradeoffs associated with thermotolerant symbionts in the coral Pocillopora damicornis are lost in warmer oceans

The growth and survival of reef corals are influenced by their symbiotic algal partners (Symbiodinium spp.), which may be flexible in space and time. Tradeoffs among partnerships exist such that corals with thermotol- erant symbionts (e.g., clade D) resist bleaching but grow more slowly, making the long-term ecosystem-level impacts of different host-symbiont associations uncertain. However, much of this uncertainty is due to limited data regarding these tradeoffs and particularly how they are mediated by the environment. To address this knowledge gap, we measured growth and survival of Pocillopora damicornis with thermally sensitive (clade C) or tolerant (clade D) symbionts at three temperatures over 18-55 weeks. Warming reduced coral growth overall, but altered the tradeoffs associated with symbiont type. While clade D corals grew 35-40 % slower than clade C corals at cooler temperatures (26 C), warming of 1.5-3 C reduced and eliminated this growth disadvantage. These results suggest that although warmer oceans will negatively impact corals, clade D may enhance survival at no cost to growth relative to clade C. Understanding these genotype- environment interactions can help improve modeling efforts and conservation strategies for reefs under global climate change.
Toxicity of 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl to mink.

Diets supplemented with 0.01 or 0.05 ppm (mg/kg) of 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (345-HCB) were fed to mink to investigate the toxicological manifestations of this toxic polychlorinated biphenyl congener in a sensitive species. Dietary exposure of mink to 0.05 ppm 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl for 135 days resulted in 50% mortality while no deaths occurred on 0.01 ppm 345-HCB. Clinical signs of toxicity included anorexia, bloody stools, disrupted molting patterns, and thickened, elongated and deformed nails. Ascites and gastric ulcers were present in animals that died. Statistically significant increases in liver, kidney, and adrenal gland weights were found in the 345-HCB-treated mink. Decreases in total and free triiodothyronine concentrations were observed in mink fed the 345-HCB-treated diets and total thyroxine was decreased in the mink fed 0.05 ppm 345-HCB. No consistent histopathologic lesions were found in the thyroid or adrenal glands of the 345-HCB-treated mink, nor were there any statistically significant differences between the 345-HCB-treated and the control mink in serum epidermal growth factor levels, plasma 17β-estradiol and progesterone concentrations, hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase, and benzo(α)pyrene hydroxylase activities, hypothalamic norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin concentrations or in the incorporation of (3H) thymidine by concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphocytes.
Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of interleukin-2 receptor α and -β subunit expression by human T cells

To determine the mechanism of glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated inhibition of T cell functions, the effect of dexamethasone (DM) on T cell proliferation and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) generation were studied. Dexamethasone inhibited IL-2-induced T cell proliferation by 30%-88%, relative to its concentration within the cultures. The effect of DM on expression of IL-2R alpha (Tac, p55, CD25) and beta (p75) genes in activated T cells was examined next. In T cells stimulated with purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA-p) and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) addition of DM to the cultures resulted in a 60% reduction in IL-2R alpha and a 30% reduction in IL-2R beta membrane expression compared to T cells cultured in the absence of DM (p < 0.01). Inhibition of membrane IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta expression by 10(-6) M DM was partially reversible by recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2). By Northern blot analysis, DM caused a comparable decrease in IL-2R alpha and in IL-2R beta mRNA levels to membrane receptor expression in mitogen-stimulated T cells. By in vitro transcription assays, DM regulated IL-2R alpha gene expression at a transcriptional level while transcription of IL-2R beta gene was unaffected by DM. The mechanism of action of DM on IL-2R alpha transcription was examined by determining the mRNA levels of the p50 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a transcription factor that stimulates IL-2R alpha gene expression. The data indicate that 10(-6) M DM increased T cell p50 NF-kappa B mRNA levels by four-fold compared to the levels obtained in the absence of DM. Further, the level of nuclear proteins capable of binding to the NF-kappa B sites in activated T cells increased in response to DM. In sum, DM regulates T cell membrane expression of IL-2R by more than one molecular mechanism.
The Relationship between Benzo(a)pyrene diol-Epoxide-DNA Adducts and Mutagenicity in the CHO/HPGRT Assay

Abstract We have studied the relationship between DNA adducts in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and mutagenicity as determined in the CHO/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase assay. The cells were treated with benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-diol (BP-diol) in the presence of a bioactivation system, S9 mix. DNA binding by bioactivation of BP-diol with S9 mix occurred with both stereoisomers of benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide (BPDE) in approximately equal amounts. The number of BPDE-DNA adducts (21–260 adducts/10 6 nucleotide base pairs) increased with increasing treatment concentrations of BP-diol (1.4–7.0 μ m ). A linear relationship was observed between the number of BPDE-DNA adducts and mutagenicity (89–605 mutants/10 6 cloneable cells) over the concentration range of BP-diol assayed.
Shaming the Inside Game: A Critique of the Liberal Expansionist Approach to Addressing Urban Problems

Liberal expansionism is the dominant approach to addressing the problems of American cities. This approach combines liberal political philosophy with the idea that these problems can be solved only...
Fluorescence In Blood Stain Detection

Two fluorescent probes, ANS and TNS, have been further examined for their effectiveness in acting as fluorescent probes for the detection of blood stain patterns. These materials, which are not fluorescent in aqueous solution, react non-specifically with protein and enable an observer to discern a blood pattern when viewed under UV light at 365 nm. Other possible fluorescent probes have been evaluated and rejected for various reasons; these include luminol, tetramethylbenzidine, p-hvdroxy-phenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 2,7-aminofluorene.
Life Table Analysis for the Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer, Agromyza frontella in Central New York

Construction and analysis of life tables for consecutive generations of a field population of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), for one growing season in central New York showed that the two most variable age-specific factors were survival of pupae and oviposition for that particular season. Observed oviposition ranged from 3 to 48% of potential oviposition; pupal survival ranged from 38 to 72% in nondiapausing generations. Large variation in these values probably resulted from the effects of alfalfa harvests on adult and pupal environments. Egg and larval survival varied little over three generations. Average survivorship from the egg to instar I, to instar II, to instar III, to the pupa, to the adult (♀ and ♂), and to the female adult, respectively, was 68, 55, 28, 16, 8, and 4%.
Integrin αvβ3 as a PET Imaging Biomarker for Osteoclast Number in Mouse Models of Negative and Positive Osteoclast Regulation

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine the specificity of 64Cu-CB-TE2A-c(RGDyK) (64Cu-RGD) for osteoclast-related diseases, such as Paget's disease or rheumatoid arthritis.
Dynamics of methionine ligand rebinding in cytochrome c.

Geminate recombination of the methionine ligand to the heme iron in ferrous cytochrome c protein following photodissociation displays rich kinetics. It is of particular interest to develop an understanding of fast and slow rebinding time scales, observed in experimental studies, in terms of features of the underlying complex energy landscape. The classical empirical force field in the heme pocket has been extended by incorporating ab initio potential energy surface calculations representing the ground singlet state and quintet state associated with methionine bond breaking and rebinding. An algorithm based on the Landau–Zener nonadiabatic transition theory has been employed to model the electronic surface hopping between two spin states during the process of ligand dissociation and recombination. Multiple conformational substates of the dissociated methionine ligand are found to participate in the reaction dynamics. Varying time scales for interconversion between substates lead to a mechanism elucidating ...
Handedness in Duckweed: Double Flowering Fronds Produce Right- and Left-Handed Lineages

Frond lineages of Lemna perpusilla Torr. (strain 6746) show handedness with respect to frond emergence sequence and flowering that is related to the pocket of origin on a double flowering mother frond. Flower position is a fundamental manifestation of frond asymmetry.
The misrepresentation of the planktonic diatom assemblage in traps and sediments: southern Lake Mala?i, Africa

Sediment trap collections near Cape Maclear, Lake Malaŵi, were compared to phytoplankton and surface sediment diatoms to assess taphonomic variations. The sedimenting diatom community became progressively different from the diatom plankton with increasing depth: long Nitzschia species were strongly under-represented in the traps (annually, 53% among planktonic diatoms vs. 14% in the offshore 29 m trap; p≪0.005 by Kruskal-Wallis test), while Melosira was greatly over-represented in traps (32% vs. 57%; p<0.005). The abundances of the minor taxa (Rhopalodia, Fragilaria, Cymbella, and Surirella) were greatly enhanced in traps relative to the plankton, but they were still relatively uncommon (<3% of all diatoms each). Differences in grazing, dissolution, and sinking rates alone are insufficient to account for these distortions; a combination of these, plus perhaps unknown factors, strongly influence the deposited assemblage. These misrepresentations were also present at the sediment surface. The greatest discrepancy was noted for Melosira (32% of plankton vs. 53% of sediment surface diatoms; p<0.005) and for elongate Nitzschia species (53% of plankton vs. 0.8% in sediments; p<0.005). In Lake Malaŵi, at least, paleolimnologists must not assume a straightforward correlation of modern and fossil assemblages.
Light therapy in the clinical management of an eating-disordered adolescent with winter exacerbation

A 17-year-old female followed for atypical eating disorder characterized by restriction was noted to worsen medically during winter months in each of 2 consecutive years. A trial of bright light therapy was initiated during the second admission. Within days of light treatment, the patient showed signs of clinical improvement in mood and eating. Within 1 month of light treatment, the patient's depression ratings decreased from a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of 37 (severe) to 17 (mild/moderate). In addition, her eating improved moderately as revealed both by a slight decrease in Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) score (78 to 64) and by significant improvements in dietary intake and medical status. The present report suggests that light therapy may be a useful adjunct in the clinical management of eating-disordered youth who present with seasonal patterns of exacerbation. Controlled studies of light treatment in younger eating disorder populations are warranted.
Titan: Unidentified Strong Absorptions in the Photometric Infrared

The morphology of Titan's infrared spectral features reveals a pattern of differences with respect to Saturn's bands. Titan's bands exhibit a progressive washing out with increasing wavelength relative to the corresponding bands in Saturn's spectrum. Unidentified absorption features of apparently gaseous origin appear in the long-wavelength wing of Titan's 1-micron CH4 band complex with considerably greater strength. Greater absorption is also observed in the 1.1 micron region. Not all of the phenomena can be explained by enhanced CH4 absorption, so Titan's spectrum implies the existence of another spectroscopically active gas. Several candidates for this gas are briefly considered.
A comparison of the protein constituents of the major body compartments of the dog roundworm, Toxocara canis

An analysis of the protein profiles of intact worms and isolated tissues of adult male and female Toxocara canis worms was conducted. Soluble proteins recovered from homogenized whole specimens and dissected tissues (body wall, reproductive tract, esophagus and intestine) of T. canis adults from several different canine hosts were separated by size using gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and visualized with silver staining. SDS-PAGE profiles of worms from different hosts were found to be virtually identical irrespective of sex or tissue type. Recovered proteins ranged in size from 3.4 to 325 kDa. As expected, variations existed between the protein profiles of different body tissues, with only slight variations between the sexes. The largest number of recovered proteins was present in the female reproductive tract extracts.
Does student teaching matter? Investigating pre-service teachers’ sense of efficacy and preparedness

The purpose of this study was to investigate how student teaching experiences impact the sense of teaching efficacy and feelings of preparedness of pre-service teachers in a nearly and elementary teacher education program (EC-6). The study used an action research, mixed-methods design. Seventy-one pre-service teachers at a large public university in the southwest completed surveys about their preparedness to teach and teaching efficacy pre and post the student teaching semester. Findings indicate that pre-service teachers’ perceptions of preparedness and sense of teaching efficacy both increased significantly (p < .5) from pre-student teaching to post-student teaching. In addition, three themes emerged from the answers to open-ended questions on learning components of student teaching experiences: opportunity for hands-on teaching, the opportunity to observe experienced teachers, and the relationship with their cooperating teacher.
Local perfusion of noradrenaline maintains visual cortical plasticity

WE have formed a hypothesis which links two important, but so far separate, research areas, the monoaminergic system discovered by the Swedish group1,2 and the phenomenon of critical period plasticity in the visual cortex discovered by Wiesel and Hubel3,4. We propose5 that the widespread system of monoaminergic fibres plays a part in regulating plasticity and that, more specifically, catecholamines are responsible for maintaining the high level of plasticity which is observed in the visual cortex during the critical period4. In an initial test of this hypothesis, we developed a dose and timing regimen of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to produce significant depletion of catecholamines bilaterally in the visual cortex of developing kittens5. The hypothesis was confirmed to the extent that kittens treated with 6-OHDA do not have the usual cortical plasticity, as measured by a change in the ocular dominance of binocular neurones following monocular occlusion5. While all the results we have obtained so far with 6-OHDA are consistent with the view that catecholamines regulate cortical plasticity, other interpretations are possible because of the widespread nature of the changes accompanied by intraventricular 6-OHDA. We now present further evidence in support of the hypothesis from experiments involving microperfusion of catecholamine in localised areas of the visual cortex of animals which would not be expected to show plasticity. These experiments indicate a specific role of noradrenaline (NA) within the cortex because plastic changes are found only in the region of cortex perfused by NA while nearby cortical regions in the same kitten are unaffected.
Outcomes of trial of labor following previous cesarean delivery among women with fetuses weighing >4000 g.

Abstract Objective: To compare outcomes at term of a trial of labor in women with previous cesarean delivery who delivered neonates weighing >4000 g versus women with those weighing ≤4000 g. Study Design: We reviewed medical records for all women undergoing a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery during a 12-year period. The current analysis was limited to women at term with one prior cesarean and no other deliveries. The rates of cesarean delivery and symptomatic uterine rupture for women with infants weighing >4000 g were compared to the rates for women with infants weighing ≤4000 g. Logistic regression was used to control for the potential confounding by use of epidural, maternal age, labor induction, labor augmentation, indication for previous cesarean, type of uterine hysterotomy, year of delivery, receiving public assistance, and maternal race. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Of 2749 women, 13% (365) had infants with birth weights >4000 g. Cesarean delivery rate associated with birth weights ≤4000 g was 29% versus 40% for those with birth weights >4000 g ( P =.001). With use of logistic regression, we found that birth weight >4000 g was associated with a 1.7-fold increase in risk of cesarean delivery (95% CI, 1.3-2.2). The rate of uterine rupture for women with infants weighing ≤4000 g was 1.0% versus a 1.6% rate for those with infants weighing >4000 g ( P =.24). Although the logistic regression analysis revealed a somewhat higher rate of uterine rupture associated with birth weights of >4000 g (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.7-4.1), this difference was not statistically significant. The rate of uterine rupture was 2.4% for women with infants weighing >4250 g, but this rate did not differ significantly from the rate of uterine rupture associated with birth weights ≤4250 g ( P =.1). Conclusion: A trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery may be a reasonable clinical option for pregnant women with suspected birth weights of >4000 g, given that the rate of uterine rupture associated with these weights does not appear to be substantially increased when compared to lower birth weights. However, some caution may apply when considering a trial of labor in women with infants weighing >4250 g. In these women with infants weighing >4000 g, the likelihood of successful vaginal delivery, although lower than for neonates weighing ≤4000 g, is still 60%. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 903-5.)
Broadband shock-associated noise from supersonic jets in flight

The stochastic model theory of broadband shock-associated noise from supersonic jets, developed earlier (Tam, 1987, 1990), is extended to jets in flight. Forward flight affects broadband shock-associated noise generation through noise source modification. It also affects the intensity and characteristics of the noise radiated in a given direction through the mean flow convection effect. Noise source modification arises when the external flow associated with forward flight alters the mean velocity profile and shock cell structure of the jet. The mean flow convection effect arises because the radiated sound waves now have to propagate through a moving medium to reach the observation point. The present theory suggests that both the noise source modification effect and the mean flow convection effect would produce narrower broadband shock-associated noise spectral peaks with lower peak frequencies. The theory is further extended to the case of a supersonic jet embedded in an open wind tunnel bounded by a vortex sheet. Detalied comparisons between the calculated results and the measurements of Norum and Shearin (1984, 1986) are reported here. Very good agreements are found over a broad range of jet Mach numbers and wind tunnel Mach numbers.
Role saliency cues and children's sentence comprehension

Forty-eight children at four age levels (3, 4, 5, and 7 years) acted out active and passive sentences immediately after exposure to matching information, mismatching information, and no-information cues. The matching information cues yielded the highest comprehension scores, followed in order by the no-information and the mismatching information cues. Active sentences were easier to comprehend than passive sentences, and comprehension scores improved with age. Processing context information in the form of role saliency cues is a component of children's language comprehension and development. It was found that context is used differentially depending on age and linguistic knowledge. The results indicated that the analysis of children's comprehension skills is a multifaceted process not solely dependent upon syntactic processing.
The Hospital Room as Uncanny: Psychoanalytic Observations and Recommendations for Pastors and Chaplains

This essay in applied psychoanalysis is written for the field of pastoral psychology, and it also has obvious affinities with the medical humanities. The author uses Freud’s (The uncanny. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 17, pp. 217–256). Vintage, London, 1919/2001) “The Uncanny” to question the concept of homelike hospital rooms. Instead of making patients feel more comfortable, the authors believes that these rooms could, in some cases, actually increase the anxiety of patients. The author uses Helena Michie’s personal story of her experience of touring a birthing suite to support this argument, as well as some poetry by Billy Collins. The author, however, does not stop with identifying a problem, as he also suggests that pastors and chaplains, when they provide care for their patients, should help them identify and use their own transitional and transformational objects. These objects, of course, will be highly idiosyncratic, and it is precisely this kind of attention—attention to the idiosyncrasies of individuals—that pastors and chaplains should be giving to those in their care. While there is a growing literature on D. W. Winnicott, who coined the term “transitional object,” and Christopher Bollas, who gave us the term “transformational object,” in medical and pastoral circles, the author suggests that attention to and the endorsement of the use of transitional and transformational objects should become a part of hospital policy, if only in chaplaincy handbooks, so as to recognize what many individuals are already doing.
Nonparametric Functional Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci

Functional mapping is a useful tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control dynamic traits. It incorporates mathematical aspects of biological processes into the mixture model-based likelihood setting for QTL mapping, thus increasing the power of QTL detection and the precision of parameter estimation. However, in many situations there is no obvious functional form and, in such cases, this strategy will not be optimal. Here we propose to use nonparametric function estimation, typically implemented with B-splines, to estimate the underlying functional form of phenotypic trajectories, and then construct a nonparametric test to find evidence of existing QTL. Using the representation of a nonparametric regression as a mixed model, the final test statistic is a likelihood ratio test. We consider two types of genetic maps: dense maps and general maps, and the power of nonparametric functional mapping is investigated through simulation studies and demonstrated by examples.
Electroretinogram and visually evoked potential associated with paced saccadic displacement of the stimulus.

Two subjects made saccadic eye movements of specified distance horizontally across the central opaque stripe in circular patterns of vertically oriented stripes that differed in area or spatial frequency. Electroretinograms (ERG’s) and visually evoked cortical potentials (VECP’s) associated with these pattern displacements were recorded simultaneously. When the subject moved his eye (i) through either a fraction of a stripe width in a fixed-stimulus configuration or (ii) a complete stripe width across stimuli of various diameters, ERG amplitude increased linearly with the number of visual cells activated. When illuminance changes over equal numbers of receptors were produced by (iii) having the subject make full-stripe saccades in fixed-diameter gratings of various spatial frequencies, the resulting ERG’s were of approximately equal size. VECP’s showed monotonic increases of amplitude with increasing saccade size and area of stimulation. Cortical responses were greatest at gratings of 2.3 cycles/deg for both subjects. The spatial frequencies of 0.47 and 3.6 cycles/deg were less effective.
Effect of Ibogaine on the Various Sites of the NMDA Receptor Complex and Sigma Binding Sites in Rat Braina.

Although the alkaloid ibogaine is a potent hallucinogenic agent some indications suggest that it may be useful for the treatment of opioid and cocaine addiction. The neurochemical mechanism(s) underlying ibogaine effects remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the interaction of ibogaine with the phencyclidine (PCP) site located in the ionophore of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, with the NMDA receptor binding site, and with sigma binding sites. In well-washed membrane preparations of rat cortex and cerebellum, the PCP sites were labeled with [3H]MK-801 or [3H]1-[1(2-theinyl)-cyclohexyl]-piperidine ([3H]TCP), and the NMDA receptor with [3H]-CGP 39653. The sigma-1 and sigma-2 binding site in rat cortex and cerebellum were labeled with [3H]pentazocine and [3H]1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine ([3H]DTG), respectively. Results indicated that ibogaine interacts with high- and low-affinity PCP binding sites in the cortex: Ki(H) = 0.01-0.05 microM; Ki(L) = 2-4 microM, and only with low-affinity sites in the cerebellum: Ki = 2-4, microM. In contrast, ibogaine (> 100 microM) had no affinity for [3H]-CGP 39653 binding sites (cortex and cerebellum). The affinity of ibogaine for sigma-1 and -2 binding sites in cortex and cerebellum ranged from 1.5-3 microM. Since NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., MK-801) are thought to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms and cocaine sensitization, it is possible that binding of ibogaine to the PCP sites contributes to its potential 'endabuse' properties. In turn, ibogaine interaction with sigma binding sites may be associated with its adverse effects.
Discrete rate resource allocation for OFDMA cognitive radio systems with location information

In this paper we introduce a resource allocation algorithm based on location information for cognitive radio systems. The location information allows a practical implementation of cognitive radio systems when the channel state knowledge of the interference links with the primary users is not available. Using this information and measurements, the secondary users estimate the pathloss between the secondary and primary users to avoid interfering the primary users while sharing the frequency bands. The major improvement in this paper is low-complex algorithms for downlink and uplink resource allocations with integer bit distributions, where collocated subchannel constraint is considered in uplink case. We show, through numerical simulations, that for the downlink case, the proposed algorithm is indeed optimal while for the uplink case, it is near-optimal.
Impact of a Collaborative Care Approach to Radical Cystectomy and Urinary Reconstruction

AbstractPurpose: We report the results of a collaborative care program that has been developed for radical cystectomy and urinary reconstruction.Materials and Methods: All patients undergoing surgery after July 1993 were placed on a collaborative care pathway and were compared to patients undergoing the same procedure before this period.Results: Total adjusted hospital charges decreased from $31,174 to $19,479. Hospital stay decreased from 12.7 to 10.3 days. There were also decreases in duration of surgery, blood loss, intensive care unit use and postoperative morbidity rates.Conclusions: Collaborative care pathways favorably affect the cost efficiency of care and provide favorable surgical outcomes.
Laboratory identification of Saksenaea vasiformis: a rare cause of zygomycosis in Australia

Saksenaea vasiformis was identified as the causative agent in three cases of sub-cutaneous zygomycosis in Australia. The laboratory techniques for inducing clinical isolates of S. vasiformis to produce sporangia, necessary for the precise identification of the fungus, are described and compared.
On the composition and decomposition of clutters

Abstract The decomposition theory for simple n -person games is discussed in the context of clutters on a finite set. The notion of committee is defined, and an algorithm is given to find committees of any clutter. It is shown that this decomposition leads to a decomposition scheme for solving bottleneck and shortest path problems over clutters. Finally it is shown that the property of satisfying the length-width inequality is preserved under composition.
The combined presence of myocardial bridging and fixed coronary artery stenosis

8. cular hyperplasia: extension of the therapeutic outcome. Results of the University Hospital Zurich Cooperation Study on fibromuscular hyperplasia. Nephron 1986;44(suppl. 1):109-14. James TA, Froggatt P, Marshall TK. Sudden death in young athletes. Ann Intern Med 1967;67:1013-21. dames TA, Marshall TK. De subitaneis mortibus XVII. Multifocal stenoses due to fibromuscular dysplasia of the sinus node artery. Circulation 1976;53:736-42. Rossi L, Thiene G. Recent advances in clinicohistopathologic correlates of sudden cardiac death. AM HEART J 1981;102:47884. Nichols GR II, Davis GJ, Lefkowitz JB. Sudden death due to fibromuscuiar dysplasia of the sinoatrial nodal artery. KMA J 1989;87:504-5. Lie JT, Berg KK. Isolated fibromuscular dysplasia of the coronary arteries with spontaneous dissection and myocardial infarction. Hum Path01 1987;18:654-6.