cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of biased spacers on LDD MOSFET behavior

The concept of using LDD spacers that are independently biased with respect to the gate electrode is presented. It is shown that the lateral electric field is strongly influenced by the drain polysilicon spacer potential. Depending on the N/sup -/ dose, the peak substrate currents can be either enhanced or reduced by shorting the drain polysilicon spacer to the drain potential. Short-channel LDD MOSFETs have been fabricated with polysilicon LDD spacers shorted to the source and drain electrodes by titanium silicide. >
Performance of synchronous parallel discrete-event simulation

Explores the performance of three synchronous discrete-event simulation algorithms: the global clock algorithm, the conservative lookahead algorithm, and speculative computation. We examine the effects of granularity and present empirical data to illustrate at what granularity the algorithm has reasonable performance. We also investigate two techniques for decreasing both synchronization and load imbalance. In addition, we examine how various execution platforms impact the performance of the simulation, providing empirical data from a network of workstations and a shared-memory multiprocessor. The impact of shared computational resources on simulation performance is also explored. The simulated system is a network of queues connected in a torus topology. >
Regulation of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Oxidation via Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: An Observation Using Dynamic 13C NMR Spectroscopy

The malate-aspartate (M-A) shuttle provides an important mechanism of metabolic communication between the cytosol and the mitochondria. In this study, dynamic 13C NMR spectroscopy was combined with a multi-domain model of cardiacmetabolism for direct quantification ofmetabolic fluxes through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (VTCA) and the M-Ashuttle (VM−A) in intact heart. The sensitivity of this approach to altered M-A shuttle activity was examined at different cytosolic redox states. Dynamic 13C NMR spectra were acquired from isolated rat hearts perfused with 13C labeled fatty acid at either low (fatty acid only) or high cytosolic redox state induced by exogenous glucose and lactate. VTCA and VM−A were determined by least-square fitting of the model to NMR data. Our results showed that while VTCA was similar, VM−A increased by 75% at high cytosolic redox state. Therefore, our proposed method provides the opportunity for direct quantification of metabolic communication between subcellular compartments via the M-A shuttle.
Use of honey bees and bumble bees to disseminate Trichoderma harzianum 1295-22 to strawberries for Botrytis control.

Abstract The effectiveness of using honey bees and bumble bees to vector a commercial formulation of Trichoderma harzianum 1295-22 for the control of Botrytis cinerea on strawberries was evaluated from 1994 to 1997 in 2 strawberry fields at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York and in 10 grower fields in eight counties of New York. Commercial bumble bee colonies were used to deliver the biocontrol agent in 1994 and 1995 and five-frame nuclear honey bee hives were used in 1995–1997. Each honey bee exiting the hive carried about 1 × 105 colony-forming units of T. harzianum, with the majority found on the bees' legs (58%). Flowers collected from the bee-delivered treatment generally had half the density of T. harzianum as those from the sprayed treatment. However, during the 4 years of this study, T. harzianum delivered by bumble bees or honey bees provided better Botrytis control than that applied as a spray. In addition, the bee-delivered T. harzianum provided the same or a better level of control of Botrytis as commercial fungicides applied at bloom. Strawberries collected from the bee-visited treatments averaged 22% more seeds and weighed between 26 and 40% more than berries in nonvisited treatments. The number of seeds per berry and berry weight were reduced by 7–12% in plots treated with fungicides and visited by bees, indicating that the use of some commercial fungicides at bloom may impact pollination and yield. Bee delivery of T. harzianum 1295-22 is a viable option for strawberry growers interested in controlling Botrytis with minimal fungicide use.
Airline crew scheduling : State-of-the-art

The airline industry is faced with some of the largest scheduling problems of any industry. The crew scheduling problem involves the optimal allocation of crews to flights. Over the last two decades the magnitude and complexity of crew scheduling problems have grown enormously and airlines are relying more on automated mathematical procedures as a practical necessity. In this paper we survey different approaches studied and discuss the state-of-the-art in solution methodology for the airline crew scheduling problem. We conclude with a discussion about promising areas for further work to make it possible to get very good solutions for the crew scheduling problem.
Continuous infusion of factor concentrates in children with haemophilia A in comparison with bolus injections

Although the concept of continuous infusion (CI) of factor concentrates is well known, prospective paediatric data are rare. We present a prospective open-labelled non-randomized study focusing on safety, efficacy and factor VIII (FVIII) usage compared with bolus injections (BI) in children. In 43 consecutive patients (0.5-17 years; median: 9.6) undergoing different operations, CI was started with an initial FVIII-bolus of 70 IU kg(-1) bodyweight, followed by a median infusion rate of 4.4 IU kg(-1) h(-1) (range: 2.8-9.5) dose adjusted for daily FVIII levels (target: 60-80%). No direct serious adverse events occurred; however, two out of 43 patients, both from the group of four patients with less than 20 exposure days (ED) before starting CI, developed a high-responding inhibitor. Two CI patients showed mild thrombophlebitis or rash. Infusion rates needed to achieve adequate FVIII levels were highly predictable and could be reduced because of decreasing FVIII clearance. Bleeding, requiring additional boli, was observed in eight out of 43 patients. Therapy duration and factor usage of CI were influenced by the procedure, but not by the product used or thrombophilia. Twelve of these CI patients were compared with 12 contemporary consecutive age- and procedure-matched BI patients. Compared with BI patients, CI patients saved 30% FVIII (812.9 vs. 563.2 IU kg(-1), P < 0.006). We conclude that CI forms a safe and effective method for perioperative care in children and reduces factor usage. Because of the unknown risk of inhibitor development, we will use CI only in patients beyond 20 ED.
A simple technique for individual picosecond laser pulse duration measurements

We describe here a simple nonlinear optic technique for the measurement of the duration of individual picosecond pulses. The accuracy and relative simplicity of the technique increase with the number of pulses measured. An experimental test of the basis of the technique is described.
Democratic Revolutions from a Different Angle: Social Populism and National Identity in Ukraine's 2004 Orange Revolution

This article discusses the three factors that lay behind democratic revolutions by adding two new facilitators, social populism and nationalism (in addition to election fraud), to our understanding of the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine. Most scholarly studies of this seminal event in contemporary Ukrainian history have focused on protests against election fraud while ignoring these two important factors. Scholars who have placed the struggle for democratic rights in post-communist states in the forefront of their analysis within a ‘transitology paradigm’ have argued that a ‘fourth wave’ of democratisation in the post-communist world took place in two stages, 1989–1991 and from 1996–2004. This article argues that placing Ukraine together with other Central-Eastern countries in the second stage ignores the different role played by social populism and nationalism in mobilizing protestors in Ukraine, two factors that played a far smaller or non-existent role in Central-Eastern Europe.
Profiling and analysis of power consumption for virtualized systems and applications

Power consumption and energy efficiency have been a great concern in large-scale computing system such as data centers and compute clouds. Moreover, the quantity of power consumption and resources utilized for cooling in large-scale computer systems will be beyond the boundary we can control [1]. There are at least two levels at which power/energy saving are being made. The first is at the computer architecture level. Techniques have been proposed to reduce processor energy usage through multi-core processors, designing energy proportional hardware, and increasing the number of performance and sleep states. A second level of energy optimizations is at the system layer, either at a single server or across multiple servers, through energy efficient use of the underlying hardware.
An eleven-year experience with adrenocortical carcinoma

Background Key issues in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma are the value of adjuvant therapy, the value of reoperation, and the search for effective chemotherapeutic agents. The present series was reviewed to evaluate these issues. Methods We present a retrospective series of 73 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma treated at a single institution. Results Twenty patients had carcinomas that were unresectable, and 53 patients underwent complete resections. Ten patients received adjuvant therapy (mitotane, seven patients; radiation, three patients). Forty-five (85%) patients had recurrence, including all who received adjuvant therapy. Mean disease-free intervals for those who did and did not receive adjuvant therapy were equivalent at 2.4 years. Nineteen patients with recurrent disease received chemotherapy, and 26 patients underwent 51 reoperations to resect recurrent and metastatic disease. The overall 5-year survival rate, which was 35%, was 47% for patients with complete resection. Stage and resectability were prognostic factors. Mean survival time for patients with recurrent disease treated medically was 19 months compared with 56 months for patients who underwent reoperation. Mitotane had a 24% partial response rate. Other chemotherapeutic agents were ineffective. Conclusions We conclude that an aggressive surgical approach to recurrent and metastatic disease should be adopted and that patients should be resected free of disease whenever possible. Currently no effective chemotherapy exists, and the value of adjuvant therapy remains unproved.
Intratumoral delivery of vector mediated IL-2 in combination with vaccine results in enhanced T cell avidity and anti-tumor activity

Systemic IL-2 is currently employed in the therapy of several tumor types, but at the price of often severe toxicities. Local vector mediated delivery of IL-2 at the tumor site may enhance local effector cell activity while reducing toxicity. To examine this, a model using CEA-transgenic mice bearing established CEA expressing tumors was employed. The vaccine regimen was a s.c. prime vaccination with recombinant vaccinia (rV) expressing transgenes for CEA and a triad of costimulatory molecules (TRICOM) followed by i.t. boosting with rF-CEA/TRICOM. The addition of intratumoral (i.t.) delivery of IL-2 via a recombinant fowlpox (rF) IL-2 vector greatly enhanced anti-tumor activity of a recombinant vaccine, resulting in complete tumor regression in 70-80% of mice. The anti-tumor activity was shown to be dependent on CD8(+) cells and NK1.1(+). Cellular immune assays revealed that the addition of rF-IL-2 to the vaccination therapy enhanced CEA-specific tetramer(+) cell numbers, cytokine release and CTL lysis of CEA(+) targets. Moreover, tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with the CEA/TRICOM displayed an antigen cascade, i.e., CD8(+) T cell responses to two other antigens expressed on the tumor and not the vaccine: wild-type p53 and endogenous retroviral antigen gp70. Mice receiving rF-IL-2 during vaccination demonstrated higher avidity CEA-specific, as well as higher avidity gp70-specific, CD8(+) T cells when compared with mice vaccinated without rF-IL-2. These studies demonstrate for the first time that the level and avidity of antigen specific CTL, as well as the therapeutic outcome can be improved with the use of i.t. rF-IL-2 with vaccine regimens.
Tensions in Evangelical Theology

Evangelical Theology in North America has separated itself from fundamentalism; yet it is still subject to convulsive controversy over scripture, the role of women in leadership, postmodernity, and the doctrine of God. Although a legacy of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism, evangelical theology takes a variety of forms, many in completition with one another as controversies rage.
The exponential synchronization of Kuramoto oscillator networks in the presence of combined global and local cues

This work addresses the influences of global and local cues on the synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators coupled by nonlinear interactions. We first give a condition under which the network can be globally synchronized. This condition is more general than existing results and it is one of the first analytical results that ensure global synchronization of a general coupling structure when phase differences may be outside of the interval [−π over 2, π over 2]. Then we prove that the influence of global cues on the synchronization rate is always favorable, whereas the influence of local cues depends on the oscillators' relative phases (phases defined with reference to the phase of the global cue): if all the relative phases are within the interval [−π over 2, π over 2], the local cue either has no influence or increases the synchronization rate; otherwise the local cue may increase or decrease the synchronization rate. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Foreword - Stuck: Fictions, Failures and Market Talk as Race Talk

ClassCrits is a network of scholars and activists interested in critical analysis of law, the economy, and inequality. We aim to better integrate the rich diversity of economic methods and theories into law by exploring and engaging a variety of heterodox economic theories; including reviving, from the margins and shadowy past, discussions of class relations and their possible relevance to the contemporary context. As a participant in the ClassCrits VI conference entitled, “Stuck in Forward: Debt, Austerity and the Possibilities of the Political”, I sat there at the end of the first day and puzzled over the fact that our discussions seemed out-of-step with what I was hearing in the country. I had felt this way before when ClassCrits was first formed in 2007. Despite this disconnect, I suggest in this paper, as I believe the conference did and several of the symposium papers do, that we (the country and others) are stuck in practices and policies inspired by neoclassical economic precepts, despite mounting evidence that they fail to serve the majority of the population, and as absolutes, are fictions. Further, I suggest that these policies, practices and fictions are racialized in a way that, in part, encourages even economically disadvantaged people to support them, even though they primarily work to benefit the few. Part I of this essay provides background information on ClassCrits, its themes and recent activities. Part II then explores several ClassCrits themes in more detail focusing briefly in the first instance on a critique of neoclassical economics and its understandings of the “market” before then turning to discussions of methods and arguments that explore that critique. Finally, Part III of the article ends with brief descriptions of the papers included in this symposium. Most of the symposium papers are short thought pieces or essays that engage law and legal analysis to a greater extent than does this introduction. Instead, this introduction focuses on the economic and social debates about the market and provides the context for the essays.
Separation method for active pharmaceutical ingredients (apis) from excipients in pharmaceutical formulations

The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) may be physically separated from the excipients in a pharmaceutical formulation by making use of the difference in density of the API and that of the excipients. The API may then be fully characterized by standard techniques. In the density separation process, the API is not dissolved, and the crystal form of the API is not changed. As examples, Form I fexofenadine hydrochloride is separated from Allegra Allergy 24 h Tablets, and Form I lansoprazole is separated from Equate Lansoprazole Delayed Release Capsules.
Repairing the Crack in New Orleans' Black Vote: VRA's Results Test Nullifies “Gerryduck”

In 1982, Section 2 of the U.S. Voting Rights Act was amended to allow plaintiffs to prevail in voting rights litigation if they demonstrate that a challenged law orpractice has a discriminatory result. One of the first applications of this new statutory provision invalidated a congressional districting plan for the New Orleans metropolitan area, a plan that had divided the city's black population virtually in half. This article reviews both the making and the unmaking of that plan, derisively known as the "gerryduck. " Although the judicial action invalidating this exercise in racial cartography demonstrates the potential importance of this new section of the VRA as a legal weapon against minority vote dilution, the results test provides federal judges with enormous discretion, and the application of the test may therefore be quite capricious.
The Derivatives of the Sine and Cosine Functions

(1987). The Derivatives of the Sine and Cosine Functions. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 139-141.
Safety Analysis of Automotive Control Systems Using Multi-Modal Port-Hamiltonian Systems

Safety analysis is important when designing and developing cyber-physical systems (CPS). An autonomous vehicle can be described as a complex CPS where the physical dynamics of the vehicle interact with the control systems. The challenge is ensuring safety despite nonlinearities, hybrid dynamics, and disturbances as well as complex cyber-physical interactions. In this paper, we present an approach for the safety analysis of automotive control systems using multimodal port-Hamiltonian systems (PHS). The approach uses the Hamiltonian function to represent the energy of the safe and unsafe states and employs passivity to prove that trajectories that begin in safe regions cannot enter unsafe regions. We first apply the approach to the safety analysis of a longitudinal vehicle dynamics composed with an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system. We then extend the results to the safety analysis of a combined longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamics composed with an ACC and lane keeping control (LKC) system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the approach.
Causes and cures VII: Structural violence

Abstract The past two years have been a landmark moment for violence prevention, with the publication of The Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014; a historic resolution on violence by the 67th World Health Assembly; and the release of multiple documents on violence by international and United Nations entities, with a corresponding building of momentum in scholarship. Most notably, in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, addressing the need for violence prevention at an unprecedented scale. In this context, more than ever, violence studies have become a field of its own right. Still, a systematic approach of the topic has been lacking, and no textbook yet synthesizes the knowledge of multiple disciplines toward a cogent understanding. This article is the seventh of a series of fifteen articles that will cover, as an example, an outline of the Global Health Studies course entitled, “Violence: Causes and Cures,” reviewing the major bio-psycho-social and structural-environmental perspectives on violence. Structural violence refers to a form of violence wherein social structures or social institutions harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs. Although less visible, it is greater in scope and in implication than another type of violence and might include health, economic, gender, and racial disparities. The concepts behind structural violence can help guide a program for violence prevention that incorporates the notion of positive peace.
Calculation of the Life Loss Rate of the Superheater and Reheater of a Soviet-Union-made TII-82 Type Boiler

Because of the measures for monitoring the wall surface temperature and service life of a boiler in power plants falling behind relatively,rupture problems of four types of boiler tubes often take place,especially boiler superheaters and reheaters.The tube rupture due to an overtemperature of a superheater and reheater directly affects the safe operation and cost-effectiveness of their unit.Hence,calculation of wall surface temperature and life loss rate of a boiler superheater and reheater in a power plant is very important.The authors have performed a study of the calculation of the life loss rate of the superheater and reheater of a Soviet-Union-made TII-82 type boiler.According to the model for calculating the life loss rate of superheaters and reheaters of boilers presented by the authors,with No.1 boiler of a power plant serving as an example,the life loss rate of the boiler superhearer and reheater was calculated as ф=0.22141.Therefore,the foregoing can provide a basis for developing an on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis system in the future,which can accurately predict wall surface temperature and service life of a boiler superheater and reheater.
Timing human chorionic gonadotropin administration by days of estradiol rise

A critical aspect of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment programs is the timing of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration to induce final oocyte maturation. Patients were treated with clomiphene citrate (Serophene, Serono Laboratories, Inc., Randolph, MA), 100 mg, and human menopausal gonadotropin (Pergonal, Serono Laboratories, Inc.) 1 ampule daily from cycle days 4 through 8. The baseline estradiol (E2) level was determined by averaging the E2 values from cycle days 3 and 4. The first day of E2 rise was defined as the day that the E2 level exceeded 150% of the baseline. In general, 5000 IU of hCG (Profasi-HP, Serono Laboratories, Inc.) was administered on the evening of the sixth day of E2 rise. Significantly fewer oocytes were recovered per patient when the hCG was administered on the seventh day of E2 rise, compared with the fifth or sixth day. The recovered oocytes in the seventh-day E2 group had a significantly lower fertilization rate, compared with the other groups. The use of E2-rise days proved to be a simple, successful technique for the timing of hCG administration in an IVF treatment program.
Indications for exploratory surgery.

Generally, the chief indication for exploratory abdominal surgery is an increasing amount of abdominal pain accompanied by loss of weight or changes in eating habits. Roentgenographic studies and clinical symptoms sometimes are misleading and result in erroneous diagnoses of abdominal conditions.Surgical exploration frequently reveals unsuspected diverticula, benign lesions simulating malignant ones, scirrhous carcinoma, ulcers, or various biliary disorders.Abdominal exploration is accompanied by minimal risk. In the author's experience, this procedure has revealed the presence of a lesion in 50 per cent of cases.
Ultrafast Carrier Capture and Auger Recombination in Single GaN/InGaN Multiple Quantum Well Nanowires

Ultrafast optical microscopy is an important tool for examining fundamental phenomena in semiconductor nanowires with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we used this technique to study carrier dynamics in single GaN/InGaN core–shell nonpolar multiple quantum well nanowires. We find that intraband carrier–carrier scattering is the main channel governing carrier capture, while subsequent carrier relaxation is dominated by three-carrier Auger recombination at higher densities and bimolecular recombination at lower densities. The Auger constants in these nanowires are approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than in planar InGaN multiple quantum wells, highlighting their potential for future light-emitting devices.
Abaloparatide: Recombinant human PTHrP (1–34) anabolic therapy for osteoporosis

The treatment of osteoporosis is generally either by inhibition of bone resorption with antiresorptive agents or by stimulation of bone formation with anabolic agents. Currently, teriparatide (recombinant human parathyroid hormone 1-34 [rhPTH (1-34)]) is the only available approved anabolic agent in the U.S. Other anabolic agents are under investigation however. Abaloparatide is recombinant human parathyroid hormone-related peptide 1-34. This agent is an anabolic agent that appears more potent than teriparatide, and it may have more rapid onset of fracture reduction than teriparatide. It is currently undergoing FDA review, with approval expected in 2017.
“Yet” ~ A Brief School-Based Program for Fourth Graders

“Yet” is a school-based youth development program intended to introduce elementarygrade students to concepts of growth mindset, self-leadership, resilience and self-talk to promote healthy coping strategies to persist in tasks toward more positive educational outcomes. Drawing from psychology, education, and management literature focusing on self-leadership, the “Yet” program encourages interaction and internalization of concepts such as “growing the brain,” and “stinkin’ thinking,” while modeling how to reframe set-backs to things students have not mastered…”yet,” and practicing adaptive self-talk to promote coping and persistence. This unique program holds promise because it is approximately 30 minutes long, occurs within the context of a regular school day, and can be implemented with a high measure of fidelity because it is script-based. The success of the program may be augmented by principal and teacher support along with online videos.
Implications of Algorithm and Parameter Choice: Impacts of Geological Uncertainty Simulation Methods on Project Decision Making

Uncertainty in geological models and grade uncertainty are two major contributors to the total resource uncertainty of a mining project. Previous attempts at determining uncertainty in geological models using methods such as MPS (multiple-point statistics), SIS (sequential indicator simulation), and multiple applications of RBF (radial basis functions) with different parameters have shown that it is nontrivial; the uncertainty profiles are dependent on the method and the parameters selected. Most of the methods tested require additional information in the form of either local probabilities or proportions derived from the existing geological interpretation or a conceptual geological model in the form of a training image. This makes some methods amenable to use in the early stages of a project because the method allows for a more complete testing of different geological concepts. In later stage projects where there is an increased level of confidence (due to the amount of data collected) in the geologic interpretation, methods that achieve ranges of uncertainty around the interpretation likely provide a more realistic assessment of uncertainty. This paper details the continuation of research into geostatistical tools suitable for the evaluation of geological uncertainty in order to further understand the intricacies of the methods and the impact of the technique on the resulting uncertainty profile. Suggestions of which methods to use based on the amount of geological information available are provided.
How Power Affects Consumers’ Tipping Behavior: An Extended Abstract

This article examines how power influences tip amounts. We propose that people tip differently depending on the level of power that they feel at any specific moment. The first experiment shows that when tipping is visible to the receiver, low-power individuals tip more than do those high in power. The second experiment shows that the quality of service does not significantly affect the tip amount for low-power individuals but it does for high-power individuals. This research provides insight as to why there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the relationship between service quality and tip size.
Use of patient decision aids increased younger women's reluctance to begin screening mammography: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

As breast cancer screening guidelines have changed recently, additional investigation is needed to understand changes in women’s behavior after using breast cancer screening patient decision aids (BCS-PtDAs) and the potential effect on mammography utilization. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effect of BCS-PtDAs on changes in women’s intentions to undergo screening mammography and whether women deciding to begin or discontinue screening mammography displayed similar changes in screening intentions after using a BCS-PtDA. We searched Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, Health Technology Assessment Database, PsycARTICLES, and cited references in eligible papers for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, published through August 24, 2016. The proportions of women who did and not intend to undergo screening and who were uncertain about undergoing screening mammography were pooled, using risk ratios (RR) and random effects. According to the protocol, RCTs or observational studies and any language were considered eligible for systematic review if they included data about women for which shared decision making is recommended. We ultimately included six studies with screening intention data for 2040 women. Compared to usual care, the use of BCS-PtDAs in three RCTs resulted in significantly more women deciding not to undergo screening mammography (RR 1.48 [95% CI 1.04–2.13]; P = 0.03), particularly for younger (38–50 years) women (1.77 [1.34-2.34]; P < 0.001). The use of BCS-PtDAs had a non-significant effect on the intentions of older women (69–89 years) to discontinue screening. The use of BCS-PtDAs increased younger women’s reluctance to undergo screening for breast cancer. The implementation of such BCS-PtDAs in clinical practice would be expected to result in a 77% increase in the number of younger women (aged 38–50) who do not intend to be screened, and as a consequence, may reduce utilization of screening mammography. The protocol of this review is registered in the PROSPERO database, #CRD42016036695.
Quantum simulation of discrete hamiltonians with directionally unbiased linear-optical multiports

Quantum computers have been shown to be capable of performing certain kinds of tasks exponentially faster than classical computers. As a result, an enormous amount of effort has gone into their development. Although advances have been made, the ultimate goal of a large-scale programmable, general-purpose quantum computer still seems to be a relatively long way off. Therefore it is useful to consider returning to Feynman's original motivation for discussing quantum computers: using simple quantum systems to simulate the behavior of more complicated physical systems.
Automated detection of low-frequency rumbles of forest elephants: A critical tool for their conservation

African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) occupy large ranges in dense tropical forests and often use far-reaching vocal signals to coordinate social behavior. Elephant populations in Central Africa are in crisis, having declined by more than 60% in the last decade. Methods currently used to monitor these populations are expensive and time-intensive, though acoustic monitoring technology may offer an effective alternative if signals of interest can be efficiently extracted from the sound stream. This paper proposes an automated elephant call detection algorithm that was tested on nearly 4000 h of field recordings collected from five forest clearings in Central Africa, including sites both inside protected areas and in logging concessions. Recordings were obtained in different seasons, years, and under diverse weather conditions. The detector achieved an 83.2% true positive rate when the false positive rate is 5.5% (approximately 20 false positives per hour). These results suggest that this algorithm can enable analysis of long-term recording datasets or facilitate near-real-time monitoring of elephants in a wide range of settings and conditions.
How the Bible Feels: The Christian Bible as Effective and Affective Object

Despite Christian leaders’ insistence that what is important about the Bible are the messages of the text, throughout Christian history the Bible as a material object, engaged by the senses, frequently has been perceived to be an effective object able to protect its users from bodily harm. This paper explores several examples where Christians view their Bibles as protective shields, and will situate those interpretations within the history of the material uses of the Bible. It will also explore how recent studies in affect theory might add to the understanding of what is communicated through sensory engagement with the Bible.
Ideological Origins of the Irish Revolution

In 1782, the Irish obtained legislative and judicial concessions and liberal trade privileges from Britain. The debate over Ireland's political and constitutional status rivaled that which Bernard ...
Inter-Individual Isolation by Distance: Implications for Landscape Genetics

Many approaches to understanding the influence of landscape on gene flow account for isolation by distance, a phenomena where individuals that are closer together are more likely to be more closely related. Most theoretical research has focused on isolation by distance between populations. We simulated the expected isolation by distance patterns between individuals within a finite population and found an asymptotic pattern. New null models are needed in landscape genetic approaches to correctly account for isolation by distance patterns. We will briefly review isolation by distance and discuss the factors (time, variance in dispersal, and mutation rates) influencing isolation by distance patterns. Our results have implications for estimating how difficult it is for animals to move through the landscape.
Reproduction, Events and Management | Control of Estrous Cycles: Synchronization of Ovulation and Insemination

Current nutritional and production management systems for dairy cattle have substantially increased milk production. However, reproductive efficiency has declined for the dairy industry. Systems of reproductive management offer means to improve herd reproductive performance, and major advances have been made in synchronization of ovulation in both lactating dairy cows and heifers. Advancements in reproductive management strategies for timed insemination encompass the following: use of a Presynch–Ovsynch program with Ovsynch started 10–12 days after completion of Presynch; optimized timing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection (+56 h), and timed artificial insemination (+72 h), after prostaglandin injection (0 h) in an Ovsynch protocol; alternative resynchronization strategies based on stages that cows are diagnosed nonpregnant (i.e., pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in blood, ultrasound diagnosis, or palpation per rectum); and short-term use of a progesterone insert during 5 days as applied to an 8-day Co-synch program in dairy heifers. These various programs require the producer, veterinarian, and reproductive management staff to understand the underlying principles and impacts of hormonal manipulations of the ovarian cycle and require a high level of protocol compliance. Functional and efficient computer record programs are essential to implement such reproductive management programs. Reproductive management systems provide the infrastructure to quantify the effects of nutritional, health, and physiological interventions on pregnancy rate.
Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Reward Circuitry in Drug Addiction

Abstract Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and drug intake despite adverse consequences. Although abuse of both licit and illicit substances is estimated to cost over $700 billion annually in health care, crime, and lost productivity in the United States alone, there are currently few pharmacological treatments for drug addiction, and those that do exist have low efficacy in many individuals. This paucity of effective treatment options may be due to inextirpable drug-induced changes in brain function that drive some or all of the addiction phenotype. Chronic drug exposure associated with addiction induces persistent changes in the structure and function of brain cells and circuits that underlie addictive behavior, for example, drug seeking and relapse. Therefore, identifying target mechanisms that drive long-term functional changes in the brain is a critical step in illuminating disease etiology and developing new treatments. This will require a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of addiction, including the role of gene expression, and its regulation, in drug-induced changes in neuronal structure and function. We will summarize in the subsequent chapter the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction and, furthermore, we will discuss the current implications of these findings in terms of prevention of drug addiction and drug discovery for the treatment of addiction.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Use of State-Operated Inpatient Substance Abuse Services, 2004-2005 Versus 2010-2011.

Objective:This study examined ethnic-racial differences in referral source, length of stay, legal status, and diagnosis in state-operated substance abuse inpatient treatment in Connecticut.Methods:...
Finite volume simulation framework for die casting with uncertainty quantification

Abstract The present paper describes the development of a novel and comprehensive computational framework to simulate solidification problems in materials processing, specifically casting processes. Heat transfer, solidification and fluid flow due to natural convection are modeled. Empirical relations are used to estimate the microstructure parameters and mechanical properties. The fractional step algorithm is modified to deal with the numerical aspects of solidification by suitably altering the coefficients in the discretized equation to simulate selectively only in the liquid and mushy zones. This brings significant computational speed up as the simulation proceeds. Complex domains are represented by unstructured hexahedral elements. The algebraic multigrid method, blended with a Krylov subspace solver is used to accelerate convergence. State of the art uncertainty quantification technique is included in the framework to incorporate the effects of stochastic variations in the input parameters. Rigorous validation is presented using published experimental results of a solidification problem.
Reversal of right ventricular failure by chronic α1A-subtype adrenergic agonist therapy

Currently, there are no effective therapies for right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF). This project evaluated a novel therapy for RVF. In a mouse model of RVF, chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic ...
Attending to the wrong issue in the political spectrum: Right-wing populism for left-wing concerns in the EU

This study aims to explore the relationship between populism and the national concerns expressed by citizens in the European Union (EU). In particular, we seek to determine if a certain type of populism in the countries (right or left) responds to the leading national concerns (cleavages). In order to do so, we examine the national concerns and the type of populism in the EU’s Eastern and Western member-states, separately, and then compare them. Results show, first, that right-wing populism in the EU is much more common than left-wing populism, and, second, that the East and the West share to a large extent similar national concerns that are left-wing in nature. We conclude that the predominant type of populism in the EU does not overlap with the type of concerns on a national level. Implications for this tendency are provided.
Diffraction imaging using geometric-mean reverse time migration and common-reflection surface

ABSTRACTDiffracted waves contain a great deal of valuable information about small-scale subsurface structure such as faults, pinch-outs, karsts, and fractures, which are closely related to hydrocar...
Development and Launch of a Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Reporting Mobile Application

Abstract This paper describes the conception, development, launch, marketing, and maintenance of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Reporter (FWC Reporter), a mobile application (a...
Understanding Ditch Maintenance Decisions of Local Highway Agencies for Improved Water Resources across New York State

Networks of roadside ditches criss-cross the landscape, and have played a significant but previously unrecognized role in flooding and water pollution. This study surveyed town and county highway p...
Comparisons between potential nano-cavity laser diode technologies: intrinsic losses and laser design (Conference Presentation)

Nanocavity laser diodes and especially nano-VCSELs will fill a need for future laser diodes used in data communications, sensing, and materials processing that can be more efficient and higher speed. In this talk we will contrast the key physical requirements of the future laser diodes that have nano-scale cavity volumes than now possible with today's commercial laser diodes, along with the needed laser diode physics for the new technology. Key parameters include scaled values from today's commercial laser diodes but with higher speed, higher efficiency, operating temperature and reliability, and a host of other improved parameters. The analysis shows that much of the benefits will come from being able to drive the nano-cavity laser diodes to higher current density. Parameters such as laser diode reliability can be improved. The ability to drive the nano-cavity laser diode to much higher current density and stimulated emission rate than now possible could lead to new physical regimes of laser diode operation. The high drive levels will create the operating conditions needed to observe Rabi oscillation, but in an operating laser cavity. Increased reliability can also be possible due to improved heat flow and reduced mechanical stress in the nano-cavity lasers.
The Prevalence of Bacterial Infection in Patients Undergoing Elective ACDF for Degenerative Cervical Spine Conditions: A Prospective Cohort Study With Contaminant Control.

Study Design:Prospective cohort study.Objectives:To determine the prevalence of bacterial infection, with the use of a contaminant control, in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and f...
Erosional and Tectonic Evolution of a Retroarc Orogenic Wedge as Revealed by Sedimentary Provenance: Case of the Oligocene – Miocene Patagonian Andes

Sedimentary provenance techniques have been widely applied in foreland basin settings to understand tectonic and magmatic processes by tracking the exposure and erosion of distinct sediment source areas through time. We present a case example from the Magallanes-Austral retroarc foreland basin of Chile and Argentina (51°30’S), where modal sandstone and conglomerate compositional data, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and sedimentology data from the Oligocene-Miocene Rio Guillermo Formation document a change in source areas during an important stage of orogenic development. In particular, our results from the ~24.3-21.7 Ma Rio Guillermo Formation record an abrupt shift from transitional to undissected arc provenance that indicate rejuvenated magmatism within the contemporary arc. Minor components of lithic grains suggest a subordinate source of recycled sediments that we interpret may have been derived from the intervening external fold-and-thrust belt, rather than directly from sources in the hinterland thrust domain. Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data show mostly Neogene (~20-40 Ma) and Cretaceous (~70-110 Ma) age groups, with minor amounts of Jurassic (~145-155 Ma) and Paleozoic (~260-540 Ma) age groups, which are consistent with a syndepositional arc and recycled external fold-and-thrust belt sources. Stratigraphic data suggest a vegetated, channelized braidplain environment developed above an erosional unconformity with the underlying shallow-marine Rio Turbio Formation. Upsection, the Rio Guillermo Formation locally transitions to a low-energy, organic-rich floodplain setting located within the upper reaches of a fluvial-tidal transition zone of the coastal plain, and the uppermost part of the formation is characterized by a coarse-grained sandy channelized braidplain environment along the foreland basin margin. Moderate sediment accumulation rates and coastal plain progradation during this period is consistent with sustained sediment flux from the Patagonian Andes and tectonic subsidence along the basin margin. Taken collectively, we propose that the abrupt provenance shift dominantly records erosion of the rejuvenated mafic volcanic arc, despite coeval changes in orogenic wedge dynamics brought about by increased plate convergence rates that drove uplift of the intervening external-fold-and-thrust belt along reactivated deep-seated high-angle basin structures.
Emerging investigator series: critical review of photophysical models for the optical and photochemical properties of dissolved organic matter

Optical measurements (absorbance and fluorescence) are widely used to track dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and quality in natural and engineered systems. Despite many decades of research on the optical properties of DOM, there is a lack of understanding with regards to the underlying photophysical model that is the basis for these optical properties. This review both summarizes advances to date on the photophysical properties of DOM and seeks to critically evaluate the photophysical models for DOM optical properties. Recent studies have refined the quantitative understanding of DOM photophysical properties such as excited state lifetimes and energies, rates of different photophysical processes, and quantum yields. Considering fundamental models, more clarity is needed on whether DOM photophysical processes are due to a superposition of non-interacting components (superposition model), or whether a portion of optical signals can be ascribed to electronically interacting moieties, for example in the form of electron donor–acceptor complexes (charge transfer model). Multiple studies over more than two decades have provided evidence for the charge transfer model. Questions have been raised, however, about the broad applicability of the charge transfer model. The charge transfer and superposition model are critically reviewed in light of this current research. Recommendations are given for future studies to help clarify the accuracy of these competing photophysical models.
Abstract WP15: Correlation of 24-Hour Infarct Volumes and Imaging Reperfusion With Functional Independence in DEFUSE 3

Background: In DEFUSE 3, infarct volumes 24 hours after randomization did not significantly differ in EVT vs. medical management only (MM) groups. We hypothesized that this lack of difference was d...