cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of dimethipin action by light

White light reduced the efficacy of dimethipin in inducing both desiccation and abscission in kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Black Valentine). Moreover, light reduced the previously reported inhibitory effect of dimethipin on protein synthesis (Metzger and Keng 1984) in a way that paralleled the reduction in dimethipin-induced morphological changes. Therefore the inhibition of protein synthesis by dimethipin was the parameter measured in experiments designed to characterize the light-induced reduction of dimethipin efficacy. The light effect was directly proportional to both the fluence rate and the duration of the light treatment. A similar effect of light was observed in cultured kidney bean cells devoid of chlorophyll, ruling out the participation of a photosynthetic related process. Moreover, light had no effect on either the metabolism of [2,3]-14C-dimethipin in kidney bean leaves or uptake of dimethipin into cultured kidney bean cells. No evidence was obtained for photochemical decomposition of dimethipin either. Thus, the light effect is possibly the result of direct modification of the biochemical processes associated with the primary mechanism(s) of dimethipin action, or perhaps promotion of the rate of repair of dimethipin-induced cellular damage.
Communication apprehension and accumulated communication state anxiety experiences: A research note

This study revealed that trait communication apprehension, as measured by the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA‐24), correlates significantly with state anxiety, as measured by the Spielberger state anxiety measure, in each of four contexts. The multiple correlation between PRCA and state anxiety across four situational contexts was .69. The results are interpreted as consistent with the theoretical relationships advanced and as supportive of the PRCA as a cross‐situational predictive instrument.
Electrical Penetration Graph analysis reveals population differentiation of host‐plant probing behaviors within the aphid species Uroleucon ambrosiae

Uroleucon ambrosiae collected from the eastern and the southwestern United States were studied in relation to host-plant probing. In the field, eastern aphids are highly specific on Ambrosia trifida, while southwestern aphids feed on Ambrosia trifida plus many other species in the family Asteraceae. Electrical penetration graphs of insects on the principal host, A. trifida, and an additional host of southwestern populations, Heterotheca subaxillaris, revealed regional differentiation in host-associated aphid behaviors, specifically in the first phase of subcuticular probing, and in phloem finding activities. Eastern aphids used A. trifida more efficiently than southwestern aphids, but were demonstrably less vigorous in their probing activities on H. subaxillaris.
Analysis of the Interaction of the Nucleotide Base with Myosin and the Effect on Substrate Efficacy

A wide variety of purine- and pyrimidine-based nucleotides can serve as a substrate for actomyosin mechanics, but with varying effectiveness. To understand the myosin-ATP interaction and in particular, the interactions with the base, we have used molecular dynamics simulations to model the interactions of myosin with ATP, CTP, UTP, aza-ATP, ITP, and GTP (in decreasing order of effectiveness as a substrate for the generation of motility) docked at the active site. The simulations with ATP, and x-ray structures, show a triad of conserved amino acids lining the nucleotide site that form a cyclical chain of nucleotide-protein hydrogen bonding interactions: ATP → Y135 → Y116 → N188 → ATP. Mechanical efficacy of a substrate correlates with its ability to maintain this coordination. Simulations modeling the active site of other myosin isoforms with different amino acids in the triad likewise imply that the amino acid composition at the nucleotide site could modulate function. The modeling has predictive power. In silico mutation experiments suggest mutations that would enhance GTP as a substrate for myosin while simultaneously making ATP a less effective substrate.
The Immediate Effectiveness of Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis as Determined by the Tuberculin Test:A Five-Year Study Including 5,555 Navajo and Pueblo Children from Birth to 15 Years of Age and the Use of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide in the Prevention of Tuberculosis

Animal experimentation has shown that isoniazid (INH) in the drinking water has a protective effect against tuberculous infection in guinea pigs.’ There is also evidence that this drug will, in some instances, revert the tuberculin reaction to negative in children.”3’4 A large scale test of chemoprophylaxis has been carried out by the United States Public Health Service to determine the protection offered by INH against progressive and fatal forms of tuberculosis in infants and children.’ To determine the ultimate effect upon endogenous reinfection and pulmonary tuberculosis such a test would require a follow-up period of over ten years. Dr. Carl Gellenthien, Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the American College of Chest Physicians, conceived and originated controlled studies of the effect of INH in treating and preventing tubercubus infection of the Navajo and Pueblo Indian children of New Mexico.
Metabolic Pathway Rates and Fluorescence Measurements During Bioconversions by Non‐Growing Immobilized Clostridium Acetobutylicum

Metabolic and physiological aspects of non-growing calcium alginate-immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum were investigated in a continuous-flow reactor system. Changes in metabolic reaction rates and product selectivity were analyzed via metabolic pathway rate analysis, and variations in intracellular NAD(P)H-dependent fluorescence were monitored using an on-line fluorometer. In addition, the effects of sporulation were studied by comparing experiments utilizing either a sporulating strain (ATCC 824) or a sporulation mutant (ATCC 39236). In both cases, biocatalytic activity was lost through an initial period of cell lysis; afterwards, the sporulation mutant retained overall activity for a longer time because of the much lower degree of sporulation in this strain. The analysis of metabolic pathway rates in both experiments showed that early formation of solvent products was replaced by acid product formation, that the specific rates of all metabolic reactions were likely enhanced by the release of cytoplasmic compounds from the lysed cells (to a greater extent for the ATCC 824 cells), and that the patterns of specific activity loss were different between the two strains.
Relationship of the central ACTH-immunoreactive opiocortin system to the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus of the rat

ACTH-immunoreactive (ir) fibers of the central opiocortin system are present in high density in the mid-portion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). ACTH-ir fibers, however, do not appear to directly contact oxytocin-ir vasopressin-ir, containing perikarya or axons of vasopressinergic neurons. Magnocellular neurons located more anteriorly and posteriorly in the PVN as well as those located laterally have few ACTH-ir fibers associated with them. No ACTH-ir fibers are present in the supraoptic nucleus.
Short photoperiod exposure increases adipocyte sensitivity to noradrenergic stimulation in Siberian hamsters

Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) exhibit a naturally occurring, reversible seasonal obesity with body fat peaking in long “summerlike” days (LDs) and reaching a nadir in short “winterlike” day...
Muscle growth and development in chick embryos—thyroidal influence on ribosomal RNA metabolism

Thyroidal influence on muscle ribosomal RNA (rRNA) metabolism was examined during late embryogenesis of the chick, when there is normally considerable growth. RNA polymerase I activity of leg muscle nuclei was 52% of the control value at 20 days of incubation, following 1 week of methimazole (MMI) treatment (P < 0.01). The enzyme activity for nuclei isolated from muscle of 19-day, MMI-treated embryos at 48 hr after the administraton of 300 ng of thyroxine (T4) was 31% greater than for embryos receiving MMI alone (P < 0.01). At 24 hr after the administration of [14C]orotic acid, and 23.5 hr after the administration of 300 ng of T4, the amount of 14C incorporated into the RNA from leg muscles of 18-day, MMI-treated embryos was 29% higher than for MMI-treated embryos receiving Ringer's solution at the time of hormone injection (P < 0.02); T4 did not influence incorporation into total RNA at 3, 6, or 12 hr after administration of labeled precursor. The average specific activity of the cytoplasmic ribosomal-polysomal RNA fraction was increased approximately 43% in the T4-treated embryos at 24 hr after administration of [14C]orotic acid, and 23.5 hr after hormone, compared to that of MMI controls (P < 0.01), and the specific activity of the combined 18-S and 28-S rRNA, isolated from the ribosomal-polysomal RNA fraction, was increased 39% in the T4-treated embryos (P < 0.01). Data on the 24-hr, cumulative incorporation of [14C]orotic acid into perchloric acid-soluble components of leg muscle indicate that the increased incorporation of labeled precursor into RNA was not due to greater uptake of [14C]orotic acid into muscle or a higher specific activity of uridine nucleotide precursors. The present report of thyroidal influence on muscle rRNA metabolism supports earlier observations which indicated that thyroid function is important to muscle growth during late embryogenesis in the chick.
Control of Nuisance Populations of Crayfish with Traps and Toxicants

Abstract Crayfish have long been a nuisance in fishrearing ponds at fish hatcheries. The rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) has displaced endemic species and caused serious declines of aquatic plants in some ponds and lakes in the midwestern USA. We attempted to evaluate the effect of intensive trapping on a crayfish population and to identify a selective chemical control agent and evaluate its effectiveness under field conditions. A crayfish population in a small pond was suppressed but not eliminated by trapping; adults were effectively harvested but efficiency diminished sharply as the population declined. Of 19 chemicals tested as possible control agents for crayfish, a synthetic pyrethroid (Baythroid) was by far the most toxic; 25 μg/L produced a complete kill of crayfish in the pond and was also the most selective for crayfish in laboratory tests.
Thermodynamic Considerations of Mammalian Thermogenesis

The authors suggest a new classification for heat producing processes. Their criteria are biochemical and not physiological as in the existing classification.
A RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM DYNAMICAL MODEL BASED ON THE CLASSICAL STRING

Abstract Motivated by geometrical considerations of the string model, we construct a dynamical theory of composite particles that is Poincare invariant in four dimensions, with no tachyons and no ghosts. The resulting physical states lie on indefinitely rising trajectories.
Augmenting mental chronometry: the P300 as a measure of stimulus evaluation time

A technique for measuring the latency of the P300 component of event-related brain potentials on individual trials is described. Choice reaction times and the latency of the P300 were compared under speed-maximizing and under accuracy-mazimising instructions. The choice stimuli required different levels of semantic categorization. The data support the proposition that the latency of P300 corresponds to stimulus evaluation time and is independent of response selection.
Amino Acid Determinants in Cyclooxygenase-2 Oxygenation of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide†

The endocannabinoid arachidonylethanolamide (AEA, anandamide) is an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors and has been shown to be oxygenated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We examined the structural requirements for COX-mediated, AEA oxygenation using a number of substrate analogues and site-directed mutants of COX-2. Fourteen AEA analogues were synthesized and tested as COX substrates. These studies identified the hydroxyl moiety of AEA as a critical determinant in the ability of COX enzymes to effect robust endocannabinoid oxygenation. In addition, these studies suggest that subtle structural modifications of AEA analogues near the ethanolamide moiety can result in pronounced changes in their ability to serve as COX-2 substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis studies have permitted the development of a model of AEA binding within the COX-2 active site. As with arachidonic acid, the omega-terminus of AEA binds in a hydrophobic alcove near the top of the COX-2 active site. The polar ethanolamide moiety of AEA, like the carboxylate of arachidonate, interacts with Arg-120 at the bottom of the COX-2 active site. Mutation of Tyr-385 prevents AEA oxygenation, suggesting that, as in the case of other COX substrates, AEA metabolism is initiated by Tyr-385-mediated hydrogen abstraction. Thus, AEA binds within the COX-2 active site in a conformation roughly similar to that of arachidonic acid. However, important differences have been identified that account for the isoform selectivity of AEA oxygenation. Importantly, the COX-2 side pocket and Arg-513 in particular are critical determinants of the ability of COX-2 to efficiently generate prostaglandin H(2) ethanolamide. The reduced efficiency of COX-1-mediated, AEA oxygenation can thus be explained by the absence of an arginine residue at position 513 in this isoform. Mutational analysis of Leu-531, an amino acid located directly across from the COX-2 side pocket, suggests that AEA is shifted away from this hydrophobic residue and toward Arg-513 relative to arachidonic acid. Coupled with earlier observations with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol, these results indicate that one possible function of the highly conserved COX-2 active site side pocket is to promote endocannabinoid oxygenation.
Implementation of Decentralized Load Sharing in Networked Workstations Using the Condor Package

In recent years a number of load sharing (LS) mechanisms have been proposed or implemented to fully utilize system resources. We have designed and implemented a decentralized real-time LS mechanism based on the Condor package 1, 2]. Two important features of our design are the use of region-change broadcasts in the information policy to provide each workstation with timely state information at minimum communication cost, and the use of preferred lists in the location policy to avoid task collisions. With these two features, we remove the central manager workstation in Condor, configure its functionalities into each participating workstation, transform Condor into a decentralized LS mechanism, and equip Condor with the capability to tolerate single workstation failures. Also discussed are the experiments on the proposed LS mechanism and the off-the-shelf Condor package and our observations of empirical data.
Durability of branches in branched and fenestrated endografts

Objective Branched and fenestrated repair has been shown to be effective for treatment of complex aortic aneurysms. However, the long-term durability of branches is not well reported. Methods Prospective data collected for all patients enrolled in a physician-sponsored investigational device exemption trial for branched and fenestrated endografts were analyzed. Retrospective review of imaging studies and electronic records was used to supplement the dataset. Incidences of branch stent secondary intervention, stent fracture, migration, branch-related rupture, and death were calculated. A time-to-event analysis was performed for secondary intervention for any branch. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify related variables. Branch instability, a composite outcome of any branch event, was reported as a function of exponential decay to capture the loss of freedom from complications over time. Results Between the years 2001 and 2010, 650 patients underwent endovascular aortic repair with branched or fenestrated devices. Over 9 years of follow-up (mean [standard deviation], 3 [2.3] years), secondary procedures were performed for 0.6% of celiac, 4% of superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 6% of right renal artery, and 5% of left renal artery stents. Mean time to reintervention was 237 (354) days. The 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year freedom from branch intervention was 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96%-99%), 94% (95% CI, 92%-96%), and 84% (95% CI, 78%-90%), respectively. Death from branch stent complications occurred in three patients, two related to SMA thrombosis and one due to an unstented SMA scallop. Multivariable analysis revealed no factors as independent predictors of need for branch reintervention. Conclusions Branches, after branched or fenestrated aortic repair, appear to be durable and are rarely the cause of patient death. The absence of long-term data on branch patency in open repair precludes comparison, yet the lower morbidity and mortality risk coupled with longer-term durability data will further alter the balance of repair options.
Sinus node re-entrant tachycardia in man☆

Sinus node re-entry (SNR) usually appears as a single beat. Tachycardias (SNRT) consistent with sustained SNR were seen in six patients and were initiated by premature stimulation of the high right atrium (six patients) and coronary sinus (four patients), and after continuous pacing from the high right atrium (four patients) or right ventricle (one patient) at rates of 130 to 200 per minute. During SNRT: (1) atrial beats exhibited a high-to-low atrial activation sequence, (2) the P-waves were similar in morphology to P-waves during sinus rhythm, and (3) re-entry in the A-V node or at the site of stimulation could be excluded. The cycle length of SNRT ranged from 625 to 320 msec. and SNRT either terminated spontaneously (six patients) or after premature atrial capture and/or vagal maneuvers (two patients). The electrophysiologic characteristics of SNRT and differentiation of SNRT from A-V nodal re-entry are discussed.
ACTIVE UPTAKE OF [3H]5‐HT BY SYNAPTIC VESICLES FROM RAT BRAIN

— The question of whether synaptic vesicles accumulate [3H]5-HT by an active process was investigated in a mixed population of vesiclcs from whole rat brain. The temperature dependence and the effect of metabolic inhibitors were studied in synaptosomal suspensions and vesicular fractions. Arrhenius plots for synaptosomes differed from those for vesicles as did the temperature coefficients for these two fractions. For synaptosomes the Q10 was 7 and for vesicles 1.6. However, if ATP was added to the incubation, the temperature dependence of vesicular amine accumulation became manifest; the Arrhenius plot resembled that of synaptosomes and the Q10 was greater than 20 indicating strong temperature dependence. In the presence of ATP, vesicular uptake was stimulated approx 8-fold. Ouabain, dinitrophenol and NEM inhibited synaptosomal uptake but failed to affect [3H]5-HT accumulation by vesicles in the absence of ATP. When ATP was added, vesicular uptake was also blocked by NEM but was unaffected by either ouabain or DNP. Total observed uptake consisted of two components, one ATP-dependent and one nonsaturable and ATP-independent. The active process had a Km= 1.25 × 10−7 M and could be completely blocked by either 10−3 M or 10−7 M-reserpine. Active vesicular [3H]5-HT uptake was magnesium dependent and was inhibited by sodium and potassium. Cation effects on uptake were specific and could not be accounted for by either changes in osmotic pressure or ionic strength. It was concluded that synaptic vesicles from whole rat brain accumulate [3H]5-HT by an active process.
Saving Japantown, Serving the People: The Scalar Politics of the Asian American Movement

This paper uses the case of the Committee Against Nihonmachi Eviction's mobilization against urban renewal in San Francisco's Japantown to examine the scalar politics of the Asian American Movement (AAM) between the late 1960s and early 1980s. The AAM was born on West Coast campuses as part of multiracial struggles to establish ethnic studies departments and create community-oriented higher education. It drew its influences from the antiwar movement, Third World decolonization struggles, the women's movement, and the Black Power Movement. Like other antiracist movements of color at this time the AAM eventually shifted its activism from campuses to include struggles in racialized communities. The AAM's politics, however, were focused on more than the local or community scale. Instead, the AAM attempted to broaden its struggle, ie, ‘jump scale’, through its alliances, worldview, and organizing tactics and was ultimately enmeshed in a larger network of late-1960s and 1970s progressive mobilization and revolu...
A general-purpose program for problem solving experimentation

This paper describes a general program framework for carrying out experimentation in human problem solving. The framework is general enough to apply to other areas of research as well. A brief description of the major components of the program is given, and suggestions are offered for programmers in psychological research.
The Morphology of Eyewall Lightning Outbreaks in Two Category 5 Hurricanes

Abstract Data from the Long-Range Lightning Detection Network (LLDN), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, and reconnaissance aircraft are used to analyze the morphology of lightning outbreaks in the eyewalls of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina, two of the strongest storms in the Atlantic hurricane record. Each hurricane produced eyewall lightning outbreaks during the period of most rapid intensification, during eyewall replacement cycles, and during the time period that encompassed the maximum intensity for each storm. Within the effective range of the aircraft radar, maxima in eyewall strike density were collocated with maxima in radar reflectivity. High lightning strike rates were also consistently associated with TRMM low brightness temperatures and large precipitation ice concentration (PIC) values. The strike density ratio between the eyewall region and the outer rainband region was 6:1 for Hurricane Rita and 1:1 for Hurricane Katrina. This result is in contrast to those of previous ...
Spontaneous movements during sleep in children: Temporal organization and changes with age

Developmental changes in the temporal organization of spontaneous movements during sleep was studied in children between 9 months and 11 years of age. Subjects were monitored in the home environment for the entire sleep period using actigraphy and videography. Rhythmicity in sleep-related spontaneous movements was examined using FFT and chisquare periodogram time series analyses. A dominant periodicity of 60–120 minutes was identified which was found to progressively lengthen with age. A microanalysis of the temporal structure of movements revealed a developmental decline in bout duration, but a paradoxical increase in bout frequency. These results show that motor activity becomes less robust and more fragmented as development progresses while retaining underlying rhythmic integrity, and argue for the dynamic influence of CNS maturation on the organization and expression of sleep-related spontaneous movements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 32: 13–21, 1998
Bullying: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Family Therapists

This article reviews the current literature regarding childhood bullying and the implications for family therapists in the treatment of bullying and victimizing behaviors. The purpose of the following paper is threefold: (a) to review the current literature regarding bullying behavior and its systemic origins through the view of social learning and attachment theories; (b) to investigate the appropriateness and success of family therapy as a treatment model for this issue, focusing specifically on solution-focused and strategic/structural family therapies; and (c) to discuss implications and dire need for more research on the topic of bullying in family therapy.
Hebrew Satyagraha: The politics of biblical fasting in the post‐exilic period (sixth to second century B.C.E.)

(1993). Hebrew Satyagraha: The politics of biblical fasting in the post‐exilic period (sixth to second century B.C.E.) Food and Foodways: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 269-292.
How Lipids use Short, Strong H-Bonds for Membrane Stability, Making ATP & More

Short, strong H-bonds (SSHB’s) were first recognized by F. H. Westheimer and O. T. Benfey in 1956. They consist of multi-oxygen anions such as carboxyls, phosphates or sulfates forming tight H-bonds, with other multi-oxygen anions. Westheimer called them acid-anions because the resulting complex was both an acid and a basic anion. He was studying the pK shifts of maleic acid (cis-2-succinate) pK’s (pK1 = 1.9, pK2 = 6.3) vs. those of fumarate (trans-2-succinate) pK1 = 3.1, pK2 = 4.6). He explained the remarkable difference by the fact that the maleate carboxyls are rammed against each other trapping a proton between the anions, using resonance of the 4 oxygens sharing a charged electron by resonance. Thus maleic acid has only one charge and 2 carboxyls between pH 2.0 and 6.8. These H-bonds vary in length from 2,45 to 2.65 A and have been detected in proteins by 1) highly deshielded resonances (15-20 ppm); D/H fractionation factors 5kcal/mol. Typical H-bonds in proteins and nucleic acids are 2.7-3.0A in length and 2±1 kcal/mol in strength. SSHBs are commonly held proximal by external forces such as protein conformation or hydrophobic forces between chains. They are not typically observed by X-ray measurements, however the protons are far up-field in proton NMR. Examples will be discussed on the stability fatty acid vesicles, the use of cardiolipin’s conformation in bilayers, the stability of chlorosulfolipid membranes of Chrysomonads and in the stability of other example membranes.
Antioxidants can extend lifespan of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera), but only in a few combinations

Animal cells are protected from oxidative damage by an antioxidant network operating as a coordinated system, with strong synergistic interactions. Lifespan studies with whole animals are expensive and laborious, so there has been little investigation of which antioxidant interactions might be useful for life extension. Animals in the phylum Rotifera are particularly promising models for aging studies because they are small (0.1–1 mm), have short, two-week lifespan, display typical patterns of animal aging, and have well characterized, easy to measure phenotypes of aging and senescence. One class of interventions that has consistently produced significant rotifer life extension is antioxidants. Although the mechanism of antioxidant effects on animal aging remains controversial, the ability of some antioxidant supplements to extend rotifer lifespan was unequivocal. We found that exposing rotifers to certain combinations of antioxidant supplements can produce up to about 20% longer lifespan, but that most antioxidants have no effect. We performed life table tests with 20 single antioxidants and none yielded significant rotifer life extension. We tested 60 two-way combinations of selected antioxidants and only seven (12%) produced significant rotifer life extension. None of the 20 three- and four-way antioxidant combinations tested yielded significant rotifer life extension. These observations suggest that dietary exposure of antioxidants can extend rotifer lifespan, but most antioxidants do not. We observed significant rotifer life extension only when antioxidants were paired with trolox, N-acetyl cysteine, l-carnosine, or EUK-8. This illustrates that antioxidant treatments capable of rotifer life extension are patchily distributed in the parameter space, so large regions must be searched to find them. It furthermore underscores the value of the rotifer model to conduct rapid, facile life table experiments with many treatments, which makes such a search feasible. Although some antioxidants extended rotifer lifespan, they likely did so by another mechanism than direct antioxidation.
Evaluating animations as student aids in learning computer algorithms

Abstract We conducted two experiments designed to examine whether animations of algorithms would help students learn the algorithms more effectively. Across the two studies we used two different algorithms — depth-first search and binomial heaps — and used two different subject populations — students with little or no computer science background and students who were computer science majors — and examined whether animations helped students acquire procedural and conceptual knowledge about the algorithms. The results suggest that one way animations may aid learning of procedural knowledge is by encouraging learners to predict the algorithm's behavior. However, such a learning improvement was also found when learners made predictions of an algorithm's behavior from static diagrams. This suggests that prediction, rather than animation per se, may have been the key factor in aiding learning in the present studies. These initial experiments served to highlight a number of methodological issues that need to be systematically addressed in future experiments in order to fully test the relationship between animation and prediction as well as to examine other possible benefits of animations on learning.
Unsteady MHD free-convection oscillatory flow on a porous plate in a rotating medium.

Unsteady free-convection oscillatory flow on a porous plate near an infinite vertical plate in a rotating medium in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field is investigated under an oscillatory forcing effect on the plate. An exact solution of the problem is determined by using the Laplace transform method. The thermal influence on the skin friction at the plate is determined, and the structure of the thermal waves is presented.
Bioerodible calcium sulfate/poly(β-amino ester) hydrogel composites

The capacity to quickly regenerate or augment bone lost as a result of resorption is crucial to ensure suitable application of prosthetics for restoring masticatory function. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CS)-based bone graft substitute composites containing poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) biodegradable hydrogel particles were developed to act as a 'tenting' barrier to soft tissue infiltration, potentially providing adequate space to enable vertical bone regeneration. CS has long been recognized as an osteoconductive biomaterial with an excellent reputation as a biocompatible substance. Composite samples were fabricated with varying amounts (1 or 10 wt%) and sizes (53-150 or 150-250 μm) of gel particles embedded in CS. The swelling and degradation rates of PBAE gels alone were rapid, resulting in complete degradation in less than 24h, an important characteristic to aid in controlled release of drug. MicroCT images revealed a homogeneous distribution of gel particles within the CS matrix. All CS samples degraded via surface erosion, with the amount of gel particles (i.e., 10 wt% gel particles) having only a small, but significant, effect on the dissolution rate (4% vs. 5% per day). Compression testing determined that the amount, but not the size, of gel particles had a significant effect on the overall strength of the composites. As much as a 75% drop in strength was seen with a 10 wt% loading of particles. A pilot study using PBAE particles loaded with the multipotential drug curcumin demonstrated sustained release of drug from CS composites. By adjusting the amount and/or size of the biodegradable gel particles embedded in CS, mechanical strength and degradation rates of the composites, as well as the drug release kinetics, can be tuned to fabricate, multi-functional 'space-making' bone grafting substitutes.
Failure detection in dynamical systems

Failure detection and correction is an important scientific and practical subject. Some works have been recently done in the area of the analytical failure detection for linear systems, [1,3,5,6]. The main part of such failure detector devices is an observer, where the error between the measured output and the estimated one is used for the failure detection.
Patient and physician delay in cancer diagnosis: Medical aspects

Abstract Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a medical problem because of the salutary effect of prompt therapy of neoplastic diseases on the life and well-being of the patient. Delay occurs on the part of both patient and physician for a variety of reasons peculiar to each. The factors causing delay have been investigated to some extent, but there is need for more precise study. There is tentative evidence that cancer may present a somewhat special case of delay as compared to delay in other conditions. Further investigation of this problem is continuing. Finally, in addition to individual characteristics of patients or physicians causing delay, there are broader aspects related to the organization of medical care that exert measurable effects upon the occurrence of delay.
The mechanism of uranium fission

A possible mechanisms of uranium fission is given, the endproducts being 13856Ba and 8436Kr.
Beneficial hemodynamic effects of intravenous and oral diltiazem in severe congestive heart failure

Concern persists about the potential negative inotropic effects of calcium channel blockers in patients with severely depressed myocardial function. Therefore, intravenous diltiazem (100 to 200 ltg/kg per min infusion) was administered for 40 minutes followed by oral diltiazem (90 to 120 mg/8 hours) for 24 hours to patients with advanced congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class III to IV, mean ejection fraction 26 ± 4 [SD]). Intravenous diltiazem (eight patients) increased cardiac index 20% (2.05 ± 0.8 to 2.47 ± 0.8 liters/min per MZ, p It is concluded that intravenous and short-term oral diltiazem improve left ventricular performance and reduce myocardial oxygen demand by heart rate and afterload reduction without significantly depressing contractile function in severe congestive heart failure. Caution should be exercised to avoid potential adverse, druginduced electrophysiologic effects in such patients.
U.S. Fusion technology programs

The U.S. Department of Energy reveals that in the Magnetics program, they are assembling what is called the Large Coil Project in a facility being built at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The facility is shown. In the Plasma Heating Program, a positive ion neutral beam source has been developed at Berkeley. In the Fueling Program, a pneumatic pellet fuel injector was developed. In the Tritium Handling Program, tritium will be introduced upon final approval. In the High Heat Flux Component Development Program, they have recently installed and started testing pumped limiter on the TEXTOR tokamak reactor in the Federal Republic of Germany. In the materials area, there are two points. One is the Rotating Target Neutron Source, and the Fusion Materials Irradiation Test Facility.
Electrohydrodynamic thrust density using positive corona-induced ionic winds for in-atmosphere propulsion

Previous work has characterized electrohydrodynamic (EHD) thruster performance, determining that thrust-to-power ratios are comparable with that of conventional propulsion at the laboratory scale. ...
Crustal VS structure in northwestern Canada: Imaging the Cordillera‐craton transition with ambient noise tomography

[1] Crustal seismic velocity structure in northwest Canada is imaged using group velocity measurements derived from ambient noise cross correlations. The focus area surrounds the Canadian Northwest Experiment (CANOE) array, a 16 month deployment of 59 broadband seismic stations. The CANOE array extended from the Northern Cordillera on the west into the Archean Slave province to the east, crossing crustal terranes that span ∼4 Gyr of Earth history. Forty broadband stations from the Canadian National Seismograph Network and the POLARIS network are also included. The Green's function for each pair of stations is estimated by cross-correlating 24 h long time series of ambient noise for each day in the time period July 2004 to June 2005. Fundamental mode Rayleigh waves are observed on cross-correlated vertical component records and Love waves on the transverse components. The group velocity measurements are inverted for 3-D shear wave velocity within the crust. Local sensitivity kernels are used to account for the effects of a laterally variable sedimentary layer at shallow depths, and receiver function P-s differential times at the CANOE stations constrain total crustal thickness. Known sedimentary basins dominate lateral variations in wave speed in the shallow crust. In the middle crust, the model contains a strong low-velocity region that correlates spatially with the location of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks that have been inferred from active source reflection profiles to occupy much of the crust beneath the Cordilleran terranes. Velocity variations in the lower crust, which are weakly resolved due to the limited period range of our data set (5–20 s), suggest a west-to-east transition from lower to higher wave speeds that aligns with the Cordilleran deformation front in parts of the study area. The results presented here are consistent with but do not confirm the notion of Proterozoic strata throughout much of the Cordilleran crust. These metasedimentary rocks, if present, must have experienced some deformation and metamorphism in order to also be consistent with upper mantle seismic models that contain a sharp transition from low to high velocity across the deformation front.
A Study on the Feasibility of Dual-Wavelength Radar for Identification of Hydrometeor Phases

An important objective for the Dual-wavelength Ku-/Ka-band Precipitation Radar (DPR) that will be on board the Global Precipitation Measuring (GPM) core satellite, is to identify the phase state of hydrometeors along the range direction. To assess this, radar signatures are simulated in snow and rain to explore the relation between the differential frequency ratio (DFR), defined as the difference of radar reflectivity factors between Ku- and Ka-bands, and the radar reflectivity factor at Ku-band, ZKu, for different hydrometeor types. Model simulations indicate that there is clear separation between snow and rain in the ZKu-DFR plane assuming that the snow follows the Gunn-Marshall size distribution (1958) and rain follows the Marshall-Palmer size distribution (1948). In an effort to verify the simulated results, the data collected by the Airborne Second Generation Precipitation Radar (APR-2) in the Wakasa Bay AMSR-E campaign are employed. Using the signatures of Linear Depolarization Ratio (LDR) at Ku-band, the APR-2 data can be easily divided into the regions of snow, mixed phase and rain for stratiform storms. These results are then superimposed onto the theoretical curves computed from the model in the ZKu-DFR plane. It has been found that in 90% of the cases, snow and rain can be distinguished if the Ku-band radar reflectivity exceeds 18 dBZ (the minimum detectable level of GPM DPR at Ku-band). This is also the case for snow and mixed-phase hydrometeors. Although snow can be easily distinguished from rain and melting hydrometeors by using Ku- and Ka-band radar, the rain and mixed-phase particles are not always separable. It is concluded that Ku- and Ka-band dual-wavelength radar might provide a potential means to identify the phase state of hydrometeors.
TH-A-12A-01: Medical Physicist's Role in Digital Information Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities and Best Practices

I. Information Security Background (Speaker = Kevin McDonald) 1. Evolution of Medical Devices 2. Living and Working in a Hostile Environment 3. Attack Motivations 4. Attack Vectors 5. Simple Safety Strategies 6. Medical Device Security in the News 7. Medical Devices and Vendors 8. Summary II. Keeping Radiation Oncology IT Systems Secure (Speaker = Bruce Curran) 1. Hardware Security a. Double-lock Requirements b. “Foreign” computer systems c. Portable Device Encryption d. Patient Data Storage e. System Requirements 2. Network Configuration a. Isolating Critical Devices b. Isolating Clinical Networks c. Remote Access Considerations 3. Software Applications / Configuration a. Passwords / Screen Savers b. Restricted Services / access c. Software Configuration Restriction d. Use of DNS to restrict accesse. Patches / Upgrades 4. Awareness a. Intrusion Prevention b. Intrusion Detection c. Threat Risk Analysis . Conclusion Learning Objectives: 1. Understanding how Hospital IT Requirements affect Radiation Oncology IT Systems. 2. Illustrating sample practices for hardware, network, and software security. 3. Discussing implementation of good IT security practices in radiation oncology. 4. Understand overall risk and threats scenario in a networked environment.
Prenatal endocrine activation alters postnatal cellular immunity in infant monkeys.

Cellular immune responses were evaluated in 35 infant rhesus monkeys generated from two types of pregnancy conditions. Pregnant females were administered either saline or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for 2 weeks between Days 120 and 133 postconception, approximately 1 month before parturition. After birth, lymphocytes obtained from infants in the ACTH condition failed to respond as readily to allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures, proliferated less to Con A, exhibited lower suppressor function following stimulation with Con A, and showed lower cytolytic activity against target cells. For some measures, the prenatal effect was observed more consistently in male infants. Differences were evident with thesein vitroimmune assays through 6 months of age, indicating that acute disturbance during the prenatal period can have lingering effects on postnatal immunity.
Simulation of Two-Dimensional Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Amyloid Fibrils

Revealing the structure and aggregation mechanism of amyloid fibrils is essential for the treatment of over 20 diseases related to protein misfolding. Coherent two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy is a novel tool that provides a wealth of new insight into the structure and dynamics of biomolecular systems. Recently developed ultrafast laser sources are extending multidimensional spectroscopy into the ultraviolet (UV) region, and this opens up new opportunities for probing fibrils. In a simulation study, we show that 2DUV spectra of the backbone of a 32-residue β-amyloid (Aβ9−40) fibril associated with Alzheimer’s disease and two intermediate prefibrillar structures carry characteristic signatures of fibril size and geometry that could be used to monitor its formation kinetics. The dependence of these signals on the fibril size and geometry is explored. We demonstrate that the dominant features of the β-amyloid fibril spectra are determined by intramolecular interactions within a single Aβ9−40, and i...
Light-driven DNA biosynthesis in isolated pea chloroplasts

Abstract Isolated chloroplasts from Pisum sativum leaves catalyze [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into acid-insoluble material using light as the sole energy source. Neither ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides nor deoxyribonucleosides (other than [ 3 H]thymidine) are required. However, it is necessary that the plastids be intact and photosynthetically competent, as little synthesis occurs in lysed preparations or in the presence of photophosphorylation inhibitors. Thymidine incorporation is markedly reduced by the DNA synthesis inhibitors rifampicin, nalidixic acid, ethidium bromide and N -ethylmaleimide. Plant age is an important factor, since rates of synthesis are 3–10-times higher in plastids isolated from young plants (6–8 days old) than in chloroplasts from older ones (9–14 days old). The maximum rates using plastids from young leaves of 60–70 pmd/mg chlorophyll/h are 30–60-times greater than those previously reported [1].
Reference Electrode Placement in Thin Solid Electrolytes

To separate anode and cathode contributions to the impedance of a thin solid electrolyte cell, many workers place a reference electrode on the surface of the inactive electrolyte, coplanar with the working electrode. This practice is evaluated theoretically using finite-element calculations of the real and imaginary potential distributions in the electrolyte under the conditions of ac impedance. The results of this analysis show that minor errors in the alignment of the anode and cathode can create significant errors in the measured half-cell overpotential. These errors involve not only quantitative scaling factors, but also cross-contamination of anode and cathode frequency response in the measured half-cell impedances. Even if electrodes are perfectly aligned, differences between the anode and cathode kinetics and/or frequency response may cause inherent distortion of the impedance, including frequency dispersion and inductive artifacts. We evaluate two approaches (pellets and microelectrode arrays) that can he used to avoid ambiguities.
Piezo Polymer Films for Enhanced Acoustic Transmission Loss and Absorption

The subject of this paper deals with the construction, characterization, modeling, and control of sensors and actuators made from piezoelectric polymers. The objective of this control was to improve the transmission loss and absorption characteristics of passive noise control materials by the addition of actively controlled component and to do so without a prohibitive cost. A brief background of piezoelectric materials and the practical considerations when using them is presented. The construction of piezo sensors and actuators from PVdF film is described, as is the development of cost effective driver, amplifier, and filter electronics for the system. In addition, the construction of an impedance tube testing apparatus is described. Then, the system is identified and control design models constructed. Next, the resonant controller structure utilized in preliminary experiments is presented. Finally, the experimental setup, investigation, and results of these actively controlled piezo samples are presented. Preliminary results show that collections of these resonant controllers are able to lead to significant (greater than 10dB on 30–50Hz bands) reductions. This would be a very effective method for tonal noise mitigation below 1500 Hz. Also presented are future improvements of the material sensing and new directions of research that are now in the experimental phase.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Phosphonic Acids Employing Versatile Sulfinimines and Sulfonimines

The addition of metallophosphites to activated imino substrates such as sulfonimine 1 and sulfinimines 4 was successfully achieved. High diastereoselectivities and good yields were obtained with sulfinimine acceptors. The nucleophilic addition was applied to the development of a new methodology for the synthesis of enantiomerically homogeneous α-amino phosphonic acids.
The CLEO III SILICON MICROVERTEX DETECTOR

The upgrade of the CLEO detector has finished with the installation of the new silicon detector in February 2000. The detector is a four layer barrel-style device with double-sided silicon detectors. It spans the radial distance from 2.5 cm to 10.2 cm and cover 93% of the solid angle surrounding the interaction region. The innermost layer is 16 cm, the outermost is 55 cm long. Important features of the new design are a very small radiation length of the detector material and new front-end electronics to deal with the capacitive load of the long silicon wafer chains. First results of the detector performance will be presented.