cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Don’t Fall Into Those Stereotype Traps: Women and the Feminine in Existential Therapy

The current work examines some notable women in existential psychology, with a discussion of their contributions to the field and how they incorporated the work of previous existential philosophers and clinicians. The analyses are based on their own writings, dating back to the 1950s, as well as some secondary source material that reviewed their work. What the research reveals is first that there are many more women in the history of existential psychology than most people currently know about—especially from the 1950s and 1960s. Second, the “feminine” version of existential psychology really stresses the emphasis on depth, presence, and being. Even nonexistential theorists, including Winnicott and Guntrip noted that this idea of being with rather than doing for the client splits along gender lines—feminine for “being” and masculine for “doing.” But in a world where the many of the existential psychologists currently practicing are male—in 2011, the Society for Humanistic Psychology had 60.8% male members...
Rapid Post-Map Insertion of Embedded Logic Analyzers for Xilinx FPGAs

A rapid post-map insertion of an embedded logic analyzer is discussed. The proposed technique makes use of otherwise unused resources in an already-mapped circuit and does not disturb the original placement and routing of the circuit. Using this technique, designers can add debugging circuitry to existing circuits and quickly modify the set of observed signals in just a few minutes instead of waiting for a recompile of their circuit. All tests were performed on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA.
The analysis of asbestos for trace metals.

An atomic absorption method for the determination of beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, and thallium in asbestos materials is described. Samples are solubilized in 6N HC1 after a digestion procedure using 48% HF on a low temperature (130°C) hotplate. Recovery data from metal salts indicate a quantitative detennination for all eight metals. Metal assay data are reported for Canadian chrysotile samples from nine localities. Results (in micrograms of metal per gram of asbestos) are as follows: Be 2-14 micrograms per gram of asbestos, Cd 3-10, Cr 202-771, Co 36-78, Cu 9-26, Mn 325-1065, Ni 299-1187, TI
Growth Factors for Rotator Cuff Repair

The 4 fibrocartilagenous transition zones of the rotator cuff insertion site are not recreated following surgical repair. Instead, a layer of scar tissue is formed between the tendon and the bone, which makes repairs prone to failure. Growth factors are a group of cytokines that induce mitosis, extracellular matrix production, neovascularization, cell maturation, and differentiation. Research has focused on their ability to augment rotator cuff repairs. Studies have shown that several factors are capable of increasing the strength of repairs in animal models. However, this appears to be accomplished through the production of more scar tissue, as opposed to regeneration of native tissue. It is becoming clear that multiple factors may be needed to regenerate the native tendon-bone insertion site. The optimal timing and vehicle for growth factor delivery have remained elusive. Gene therapy and tissue scaffolds provide promising options for the future, but the engineering still needs to be optimized for clinical use. Growth factor therapy for rotator cuff repairs remains a promising therapeutic for the future; however, much work needs to be done to optimize its effectiveness.
Coanalgesics for Chronic Pain Therapy: A Narrative Review

Chronic pain is inadequately treated in many patients, which has led clinicians and researchers to investigate new indications for existing medications with pain-relieving or adjuvant properties. These medications are known as coanalgesics. This review provides an evidence-based overview of select coanalgesics that are used in clinical practice for a variety of neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain disorders. The coanalgesics include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, topical agents, skeletal muscle relaxants, and antispasmodic agents. An update on emergent treatments and uses is also presented. The goals of this article are to highlight coanalgesic treatment options that are currently available for patients with chronic pain as well as provide guidelines for their use in clinical practice.
Diode-Laser Sensor for Air-Mass Flux 1: Design and Wind-Tunnel Validation

The design and construction of a fiber-coupled diode-laser sensor to determine air-mass flux via separate measurements of the velocity and density of oxygen in air is reported. The density is determined from the spectroscopic absorption of an oxygen feature in the A-band near 764 nm, while the velocity is obtained from the Doppler frequency shift between the absorption features from two crossed paths within the flowfield (wind-tunnel path length 1.07 m). A hybrid operation is used for this sensor, in which rapidly alternating (50 Hz) measurements are made: direct absorption for the density and wavelength modulation for velocity. The sensor's performance is validated using a well-characterized low-speed wind tunnel which provided uniform flows up to 23 m/s. The results showed that the sensor is able to measure a time-averaged velocity to within 0.25 m/s and a time-averaged density to within 0.7% of the tunnel set point, with corresponding 1-s standard deviations of 0.22 m/s and 0.76%, respectively. The mean mass flux accuracy was assessed and a 1-s standard deviation of 1.3% was measured at the highest flow rates.
Optical Interference Measurements For Equation-Of-State Measurements In High Pressure Gases

AbstractA simple interferometer was built to fit inside a 0.64 -cm bore high -pressure cylinder.One end of the cylinder was sealed with a sapphire optical window having a clear apertureof the unsupported area of a Bridgman seal. As the gas density in the cell is increased,successive interferences from a He -Ne laser are detected with a simple photo diode. Froma calculated value of the refractive index at the He -Ne wavelength and a measurement ofpressure against a calibrated pressure gage at a known temperature, the order shift withpressure is determined. On the basis of an assumption that the Clausius- Mossotti rela-tion is constant, we calculate dP /dP and make comparisons with the equation of state.Measurements and comparisons for nitrogen up to 200 bar are presented and shown to agreewell with the derivative values, dp /dP, obtained from the National Bureau of Standardsequation of state. One order of interference represents a density change of p = 1.36x10 -4 gm /cm3 for N2 gas at 1 bar. In addition to the usefulness in equation ofstate studies with gases, the method permits calibration of phase- sensitive optical in-struments and may be useful for the assessment of laser target gas loading.IntroductionDensity measurements as a function of pressure along an isotherm form the basis forequation -of -state (EOS) studies. The near independence of refractive index on density'suggest the use of optical interferometric measurements to determine gas densities.
Postoperative analgesia for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Despite recent publication of societal guidelines on the perioperative management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, the postoperative management of analgesia for patients with OSA is controversial. There are a number of systemic and regional analgesic techniques which may be used for the management of pain in the patient with a diagnosis of OSA but it is unclear if there are advantages of one agent over another. Although the analgesic options for patients with OSA are similar to the options to other surgical patients (e.g., systemic opioids, systemic non-opioids, and regional analgesic techniques), there is a smaller margin for error and the potential for a higher likelihood of complications in the postoperative period for OSA patients. The choice of postoperative analgesia should be tailored to the individual patient’s need including the type of surgical procedure, co-existing diseases, and location of recovery. Although common sense suggests that the postoperative use of opioids and sedative should be minimized while that for non-opioid agents and regional analgesic techniques should be maximized, there is little randomized data to support these notions. Nevertheless, patients with OSA who undergo surgical procedures should receive regional analgesia and non-opioid agents (e.g., NSAIDs) if there are no contraindications for their use. Further studies are needed to examine the different analgesic regimens on OSA patient outcomes.
Prolonging the MGA-prostaglandin F2α interval from 17 to 19 days in an estrus synchronization system for heifers

Abstract Our objective was to determine whether extending the interval from 17 to 19 d between removal of melengestrol acetate (MGA) feed and administration of PGF2α would alter conception rates, pregnancy rates and the degree of synchrony in replacement beef heifers. A commercial heifer operation in north-central Kansas purchased 591 Angus × Hereford heifers from 12 sources. Prior to the spring breeding season, 14% of the heifers were culled. The remaining heifers were assigned randomly to 2 MGA-PGF2α synchronization systems. All heifers were fed MGA (0.5 mg/head/d) for 14 d, and PGF2α was administered either 17 or 19 d after the completion of MGA feeding. Heifers were inseminated artificially for 30 d followed by 30 d of natural mating. Based on each source, first-service conception rates ranged from 66 to 90%, whereas overall pregnancy rates ranged from 91 to 100%. Heifers given PGF2α on Day 17 after MGA had first-service conception rates of 75.9% compared with 81.4% for heifers receiving PGF2α on Day 19. In response to the PGF2α injection, 99% of the Day 19 heifers that were detected in estrus were inseminated artificially by 72 h after the PGF2α injection, whereas 74% of the heifers in the Day 17 treatment were inseminated by that time. Average interval to artificial insemination (AI) after PGF2α was greater (P
Increased Plasma Glucose and Insulin Responses to High-Carbohydrate Feedings in Normal Subjects

ABSTRACT Plasma glucose and insulin responses to two different diets were measured in 20 adult nondiabetic men. The diets were isocaloric, and differed in amount of calories as fat and carbohydrate. One diet contained 42% fat and 43% carbohydrate, while the other contained 30% fat and 55% carbohydrate. On the fourth clay of each dietary period plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured before the noon feeding, and hourly for the next 3 hr. The low-fat–high-carbohydrate diet led to postprandial increases in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. The increase in plasma glucose response was relatively modest, but the high-carbohydrate diet resulted in an approximate 40% increase in plasma insulin response. Since ingestion of a low-fat-high-carbohydrate diet led to increases in glucose and insulin levels, the advisability of recommending such diets as general prophylaxis against the development of atherosclerotic heart disease must be reconsidered in this light.
Localization of murine Ig-1b and Ig-1a (IgG 2a) allotypic determinants detected with monoclonal antibodies.

We have used hybridoma anti-allotype antibodies to define six allotypic determinants: four on Ig-1b molecules and two on Ig-1a molecules. By locating these determinants on fragments obtained by limited proteolysis of IgG2a, molecules and by hybridoma antibody blocking assays, five distinct allotypic sites have been defined on mouse γ2a heavy chains. These sites are located in the hinge region and the CH2 and CH3 domains. We have not been able to show genetic recombination between these sites by genetic linkage studies.
The structures and fidelity of replication of mouse mitochondrial DNA-pSC101 EcoRI recombinant plasmids grown in E. coli K12

Recombinant DNAs containing the E. coli plasmid pSC101 and mouse cell (La9) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were formed in vitro via ligation of DNA fragments from limit EcoRI endonuclease digests and were used to transform E. coli K12. Four structurally different recombinant plasmid DNAs from transformed clones were characterized. Two of these were analyzed extensively and the mtDNA portions compared with mtDNA from LA9 cells. No differences were detected in the physical or chemical properties examined, except that the E. coli mtDNA lacked the alkali lability characteristic of animal mtDNAs. Heteroduplexes between the LA9 portions of the recombinant plasmids and LA9 mtDNA were analyzed by absorbance melting. The melting temperatures were indistinguishable from reannealed LA9 mtDNA homoduplexes, indicating that single-base replication errors occur at a frequency of fewer than 1 nucleotide in 300. Electron microscopic analyses of plasmid-LA9 mtDNA heteroduplexes and a comparison of agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease fragments also indicated no differences. These results were independent of the order or the relative orientation of the pSC101 and mtDNA fragments. A third EcoRI fragment in LA9 mtDNA, not found in an earlier study (Brown and Vinograd, 1974), has been positioned in the LA9, EcoRI map. This fragment contains 165+/-10 nucleotide pairs.
TV series on geophysics

A seven-part public television series on earth sciences, dubbed “Terra Nova,” is expected to begin filming this fall. The series, slated for prime time, is also designed as an introductory course in geophysics for college students who are not science majors. Completion of filming is expected in 1985; no air date has been scheduled. Public television station WQED, Pittsburgh, in association with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), is producing “Terra Nova.” WQED and NAS collaborated on the production of the Planet Earth series, which originally aired some 25 years ago. The Annenberg/Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) Project has provided a $3 million grant for “Terra Nova.” Two years ago AGU gave $10,000 for NAS to develop basic scientific plans for the geophysics series.
Inside medical marriages: The effect of gender on income

Recent research indicates support for a meritocratic view of the persistent gender gap in physician incomes: Young male physicians continue to outearn young female physicians because they are locat...
Interobserver Variability in Assessing Pediatric Postextubation Stridor

The reliability of parameters used to assess pediatric postextubation upper respiratory distress is unknown. We prospectively studied the interobserver reliability of six parameters commonly used to assess respiratory distress in children. Eligible patients were .6); moderate for LOC, stridor, and 02 sat...
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and multispectral studies of disturbed Lake Superior coastal environments

Due to its high spatial resolution and excellent water penetration, coastal light detection and ranging (LiDAR) coupled with multispectral imaging (MSS) has great promise for resolving shoreline features in the Great Lakes. Previous investigations in Lake Superior documented a metal-rich ‘‘halo’’ around the Keweenaw Peninsula, related to past copper mining practices. Grand Traverse Bay on the Keweenaw Peninsula provides an excellent Great Lakes example of global mine discharges into coastal environments. For more than a century, waste rock migrating from shoreline tailings piles has moved along extensive stretches of coast, damming stream outlets, intercepting wetlands and recreational beaches, suppressing benthic invertebrate communities, and threatening critical fish breeding grounds. In the bay, the magnitude of the discarded wastes literally ‘‘reset the shoreline’’ and provided an intriguing field experiment in coastal erosion and spreading environmental effects. Employing a combination of historic aerial photography and LiDAR, we estimate the time course and mass of tailings eroded into the bay and the amount of copper that contributed to the metal-rich halo. We also quantify underwater tailings spread across benthic substrates by using MSS imagery on spectral reflectance differences between tailings and natural sediment types, plus a depth-correction algorithm (Lyzenga Method). We show that the coastal detail from LiDAR and MSS opens up numerous applications for ecological, ecosystem, and geological investigations.
Fine-Scale Mapping of the Nasonia Genome to Chromosomes Using a High-Density Genotyping Microarray

Nasonia, a genus of four closely related parasitoid insect species, is a model system for genetic research. Their haplodiploid genetics (haploid males and diploid females) and interfertile species are advantageous for the genetic analysis of complex traits and the genetic basis of species differences. A fine-scale genomic map is an important tool for advancing genetic studies in this system. We developed and used a hybrid genotyping microarray to generate a high-resolution genetic map that covers 79% of the sequenced genome of Nasonia vitripennis. The microarray is based on differential hybridization of species-specific oligos between N. vitripennis and Nasonia giraulti at more than 20,000 markers spanning the Nasonia genome. The map places 729 scaffolds onto the five linkage groups of Nasonia, including locating many smaller scaffolds that would be difficult to map by other means. The microarray was used to characterize 26 segmental introgression lines containing chromosomal regions from one species in the genetic background of another. These segmental introgression lines have been used for rapid screening and mapping of quantitative trait loci involved in species differences. Finally, the microarray is extended to bulk-segregant analysis and genotyping of other Nasonia species combinations. These resources should further expand the usefulness of Nasonia for studies of the genetic basis and architecture of complex traits and speciation.
Agrin Differentially Regulates the Rates of Axonal and Dendritic Elongation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

In the present study, we examined the role of agrin in axonal and dendritic elongation in central neurons. Dissociated hippocampal neurons were grown in the presence of either recombinant agrin or antisense oligonucleotides designed to block agrin expression. Our results indicate that agrin differentially regulates axonal and dendritic growth. Recombinant agrin decreased the rate of elongation of main axons but induced the formation of axonal branches. On the other hand, agrin induced both dendritic elongation and dendritic branching. Conversely, cultured hippocampal neurons depleted of agrin extended longer, nonbranched axons and shorter dendrites when compared with controls. These changes in the rates of neurite elongation and branching were paralleled by changes in the composition of the cytoskeleton. In the presence of agrin, there was an upregulation of the expression of microtubule-associated proteins MAP1B, MAP2, and tau. In contrast, a downregulation of the expression of these MAPs was detected in agrin-depleted cells. Taken collectively, these results suggest an important role for agrin as a trigger of the transcription of neuro-specific genes involved in neurite elongation and branching in central neurons.
Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of suspected choledocholithiasis

Background Indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are not precisely defined. With the increasing availability of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and several prospective studies proving the accuracy of this modality, it is important to select appropriate criteria for invasive testing when common bile duct (CBD) pathology is suspected. Methods We reviewed 200 consecutive ERCPs performed for jaundice, pancreatitis, noninvasive visualization of CBD stones, radiologic evidence of CBD dilatation, elevated liver function tests, or biliary colic. Diagnostic and therapeutic yields are determined for each indication and various combinations thereof. Results Of the 180 ERCPs performed for suspected choledocholithiasis, 97 (53.8%) were performed for multiple indications, whereas 83 (46.2%) were performed for only one indication. One hundred two patients (56.6%) had CBD pathology, whereas 78 explorations (43.4%) were negative. If multiple indications for ERCP were present, the diagnostic yield was 85.6%. When there was only one indication, the diagnostic yield decreased to 25.3%. Conclusions ERCP is an invasive procedure with significant morbidity that should be used selectively. MRCP may be a more appropriate initial evaluation of suspected CBD pathology in many patients.
Security issues in the development of a wireless blood-glucose monitoring system

This paper is a progress report on an ongoing research effort that makes use of wireless biometric data management, specifically a wireless blood-glucose monitoring system (WBgM). The goal of this research is to realize appropriate timely intervention by health-care providers in response to records of unregulated blood-glucose level in order to maintain near-normal levels. The focus of this paper is security-their is the possibility that medical information may be used consciously by malicious eavesdropper to the detriment of a patient in search of new employment or a new insurer. There is the possibility of malicious or accidental data corruption from database intrusion. Mobile data transmission is especially problematic in preventing these. We present requirements and our approach taken to realize a secure system architecture. Key techniques and their implementation details to maintain privacy, authentication, and data integrity are discussed here.
Probing for DNA methylation with a voltammetric DNA detector

A label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization is used for probing synthetic methylated ssDNA 27-mer or 33-mer targets from the GSTP1-gene. The method is based on electrostatic modulation of the anion-exchange kinetics of a polypyrrole bilayer film deposited on platinum-microelectrodes to which a synthetic single-stranded 15-mer GSTP-1 promoter probe DNA has been attached (DNA detector). The effect of the contact of this DNA-detector with non-methylated and methylated complementary DNA sequences in Tris-buffer is compared using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The DNA-hybridization taking place at the electrode surface leads to a significant decrease of the CV area recorded after exposure to complementary target DNA in comparison to the CV change recorded for non-complementary DNA target. The performance of this miniaturized DNA detector was optimized with respect to hybridization time, temperature, and concentration of the target. It was also evaluated with respect to selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. These results are significant for their possible use as a screening test for hypermethylated DNA sequences.
Strategies of Public Consultation

Methods for consulting the public are classified according to a scheme that considers the method of selection and the forms of public opinion solicited. The major approaches are considered for their merits and limitations. The methods discussed include self selected forums, polls, discussion groups, citizen juries, conventional polls and Deliberative Polls. Applications are considered from various countries and the contrast between conventional polls and Deliberative Polls is a principal topic.
Pediatric primary splenic angiosarcoma: an aggressive multidisciplinary approach to the oncologic management of a rare malignancy

Primary splenic angiosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive neoplasm of the vasculature. Uniformly, primary splenic angiosarcoma is a fatal disease despite early diagnosis and treatment. Only patients with localized disease amenable to surgical resection achieve long-term, disease-free survival. We present a review of the literature and report a case of a 3-year-old girl with metastatic primary splenic angiosarcoma who was offered aggressive surgical and medical treatment with curative intent despite her advanced presentation.
Applying the Methodology of Mechanism Design To the Choice of Electoral Systems

In this article we inquire into the strategic intent behind the design of election laws. Presuming that institutional designers are strategic and rational, we identify the extent of information incompleteness as determining their objectives for rule choice. For different levels of information incompleteness, we assess empirically the validity of explaining actual choices with designers' electoral goals. Using parameter-specific predictions for players' institutional preferences (obtained from a game-theoretic model which assumes electoral success as the design goal) we find that design does not always meet the criterion of elections-aimed rationality (electoral rationalizability). We identify a structural difference between levels of electoral rationalizability in two sets of European electoral reforms, those that accompanied the late 19th—early 20th-century franchise expansion, and those during the post-communist franchise creation in East—Central Europe. For the later sub-sample we rely on a qualitative...
Back gate effects in thick film SOI CMOS devices

A 30-V bulk p-well CMOS process has been implemented on nominally 5- mu m bonded SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers using trench isolation to produce fully dielectrically isolated devices. By a suitable choice of doping levels, the SOI version of the process can be made to have the same electrical parameters as the bulk version. However, back gate controlled leakage of the PMOS devices has been observed. Several solutions to this problem are possible, including modification of the silicon layer doping, modification of the silicon layer thickness, and controlling the potential of the handle wafer. >
Production of Congenital Adrenocortical Hyperplasia in Rats by Estradiol-17β and Inhibition of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT Large doses of estradiol-17β were administered to pregnant rats in order to determine whether the paradoxical effects of this estrogen on fetal genital differentiation could be attributed to inhibition of activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-ol dehydrogenase). Estradiol-17β produces a defect in activity of 3β-ol dehydrogenase in maternal adrenals and ovaries in vivo and in vitro. The ovarian enzymatic defect remains uncompensated, but adrenal hyperplasia tends to raise enzymatic activity to normal levels. Adrenal hyperplasia is much more noticeable when the estrogen is given on the 15th or 16th day. Estradiol-17β also inhibits activity of 3β-ol dehydrogenase in fetal Leydig and adrenal cells. It produces fetal adrenal hyperplasia and clitoral hypertrophy in female fetuses on the 19th and 20th days, when enzymatic activity is greatest in the fetal adrenal. It also produces hypospadias in male fetuses on the 15th and 16th days, when enzymatic activity is greatest in fetal Leydig cells. T...
Long-term engagement of CD6 and ALCAM is essential for T-cell proliferation induced by dendritic cells

Interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are the first step in the induction of an adaptive immune response. Here, we show that CD6 and its ligand activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) are actively recruited to the antigen-induced dendritic cell (DC)-T-cell contact zone. Moreover, ALCAM-blocking antibodies interfere with DC-T-cell conjugate formation, demonstrating that CD6-ALCAM binding is essential for stable T-cell-APC contact. We now demonstrate that besides their role in establishing initial contacts, CD6-ALCAM interactions are also required during the proliferative phase of the T-cell response; the presence of CD6-blocking antibodies or recombinant ALCAM-Fc proteins results in a strong and sustained inhibition of T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, simultaneous crosslinking of CD6 and CD3 induces enhanced proliferation and transcriptional activity to a similar level as observed after CD3 and CD28 co-crosslinking, demonstrating that CD6 is an important costimulatory molecule. The stability of ALCAM-CD6 binding, which contrasts with transient homotypic ALCAM-ALCAM interactions, further supports the long-lasting effects observed on T-cell proliferation. Taken together, we demonstrate that CD6 and ALCAM form a key adhesive receptor-ligand pair that is not only involved in early DC-T-cell binding but also in sustaining DC-induced T-cell proliferation long after the initial contact has been established.
Guidewire flow obstruction effect on pressure drop-flow relationship in moderate coronary artery stenosis

To evaluate the local hemodynamic effects of coronary artery balloon angioplasty, computational fluid dynamics was applied to representative stenoses geometry post-angioplasty (minimal lesion diameter d(m) = 1.8mm which produced 64% mean area stenoses) based on a group of patients and measured values of coronary flow reserve (CFR) returning to a normal range (3.6+/-0.3). The computations were at mean flow rates (Q) of 50, 100, 150 and 170 ml/min. The study indicates changes in the hemodynamic conditions due to insertion of a guidewire, which can be used to determine the mean pressure drop (Deltap ) and fall in distal mean coronary pressure (p(r)), and thus give quantitative estimate of uncertainty expected in diagnosis of moderate lesions. The guidewire to minimal lesion diameter ratio is 0.26, causing tighter "artifactual" mean area stenoses of 65.5%. During hyperemia, p(m) dropped to 72 mmHg as compared to 75 mmHg under patho-physiological condition without guidewire. Q(h) (subscript h: hyperemia) decreased from 180 without guidewire to 170 ml/min with the guidewire present. Thus, there was a significant approximately 43% increase in Deltap(h) and a approximately 51% increase in the hyperemic flow resistance (R(h) = Deltap(h)/Q(h)) over the patho-physiological condition. This could cause an overestimation of the severity of the moderate stenoses. Transient and steady flow guidewire surface shear stress was 35-50% higher than corresponding values for arterial wall shear stress. The non-dimensional data given in tabular form may be useful in interpretation of clinical guidewire measurements for moderate lesions of similar geometry and size.
Supercharging accelerates T-tubule membrane potential changes in voltage clamped frog skeletal muscle fibers.

Abstract In voltage-clamp studies of single frog skeletal muscle fibers stained with the potentiometric indicator 1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-[ β [2-(di- n -octylamino)-6-naphthyl]vinyl]pyridinium betaine (di-8 ANEPPS), fluorescence transients were recorded in response to both supercharging and step command pulses. Several illumination paradigms were utilized to study global and localized regions of the transverse tubule system (T-system). The rising phases of transients obtained from global illumination regions showed distinct accelerations when supercharging pulses were applied (95% of steady-state fluorescence achieved in 1.5ms with supercharging pulses versus 14.6ms with step pulses). When local transients were recorded at the edge of the muscle fiber, their kinetics resembled those of the applied waveform, but a similar relationship was not observed in transients from regions near the edge chosen to minimize the surface membrane contribution. We developed a model of the T-system capable of simulating membrane potential changes as a function of time and distance along the T-system cable and the associated fluorescence changes in regions corresponding to the experimental illumination strategies. A critical parameter was the access resistance term, for which values of 110–150 Ω·cm 2 were adequate to fit the data. The results suggest that the primary mechanism through which supercharging pulses boost the kinetics of T-system voltage changes most likely involves their compensating the voltage attenuation across the access resistance at the mouth of the T-tubule.
Herpesvirus Replication Compartments Originate with Single Incoming Viral Genomes

ABSTRACT Previously we described a method to estimate the average number of virus genomes expressed in an infected cell. By analyzing the color spectrum of cells infected with a mixture of isogenic pseudorabies virus (PRV) recombinants expressing three fluorophores, we estimated that fewer than seven incoming genomes are expressed, replicated, and packaged into progeny per cell. In this report, we expand this work and describe experiments demonstrating the generality of the method, as well as providing more insight into herpesvirus replication. We used three isogenic PRV recombinants, each expressing a fluorescently tagged VP26 fusion protein (VP26 is a capsid protein) under the viral VP26 late promoter. We calculated a similar finite limit on the number of expressed viral genomes, indicating that this method is independent of the promoter used to transcribe the fluorophore genes, the time of expression of the fluorophore (early versus late), and the insertion site of the fluorophore gene in the PRV genome (UL versus US). Importantly, these VP26 fusion proteins are distributed equally in punctate virion assembly structures in each nucleus, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio when determining the color spectrum of each cell. To understand how the small number of genomes are distributed among the replication compartments, we used a two-color fluorescent in situ hybridization assay. Most viral replication compartments in the nucleus occupy unique nuclear territories, implying that they arose from single genomes. Our experiments suggest a correlation between the small number of expressed viral genomes and the limited number of replication compartments. IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses use nuclear factors and architecture to replicate their DNA genomes in the host nuclei. Viral replication compartments are distinct nuclear foci that appear during productive infection. We have recently developed a method that uses three viral recombinants (each expressing a different fluorescent protein) to quantify the number of incoming viral genomes that are expressed and replicated in each cell. We found that fewer than seven herpesvirus genomes can be expressed and replicated. Here we have expanded and improved upon our method and demonstrated that the phenomenon of limited genome expression is independent of the recombinants used. We correlated the small number of genomes expressed to the limited number of replication compartments by demonstrating that most replication compartments originate with a single genome. The distinction among replication compartments is maintained even when most of the nucleus is filled with viral DNA, implying that nuclear architecture constrains the compartments.
Filamentary thermal instabilities in IMPATT diodes

The unstable growth of thermal filaments in a diode with a fixed bias current is calculated on the basis of a model which includes thermal conduction in the plane of the junction, as well as perpendicular to it. The growth time of the instability is shown to be longer than the thermal relaxation time by the ratio of the space-charge resistance to the differential negative resistance. Analytic results are obtained for small temperature disturbances which are initially Guassian functions of the transverse coordinate. If A is the area of the junction, the negative differential resistance must be of the order of the space-charge resistance multiplied by 16W2/π2A (where W is the thickness of the active region) or the filament can dissipate itself by diffusing outward and spreading over the entire junction area before the temperature rise becomes very large. The voltage fluctuation relaxes to its equilibrium value in the thermal relaxation time, which is independent of the differential resistance. Pulsing a diode will tend to prevent an instability from becoming destructive, provided the off-time is long enough to cool the heated filaments which develop during the pulse transmission.
Trigonometric Resolution in Analog Computers by Means of Multiplier Elements

A method of generating sine and cosine functions in analog computers by means of multiplier elements and integrators is discussed. Static accuracy of the method is analyzed and found to be essentially equal to the accuracy of the multipliers employed. The system accepts d?/dt as the input and generates output voltages of sin? and cos ?. Amplitude-stabilizing loops are employed to maintain sin2?+cos2? = 1. Advantages of the method include representation of unlimited range in angles, dynamic capabilities far beyond that of the multipliers alone, and possibility of employing electronic multipliers. The method has been successfully used to compute Euler angles in analog computer solutions of the three-dimensional flight equations.
Children's Coping With Diabetes: Understanding the Role of Cognitive Development

Asked diabetic children at two levels of cognitive maturity to describe their efforts to cope with diabetes-related stress. Results revealed certain developmental trends. Relative to more cognitively mature youngsters, the coping styles of preformal operational children showed greater emphasis on primary control coping (trying to directly change stressful conditions). Secondary control coping (trying to adjust to circumstances as they are) increased with cognitive maturity, however, overall, primary control and instrumental coping strategies appeared salient for both groups of youngsters. The nature of these developmental trends and their implications for children's disease-related adjustment are discussed.
Intercalant-Driven Superconductivity in YbC 6 and CaC 6

Recently discovered superconductivity in and , at temperatures substantially higher than previously known for intercalated graphites, raises several new questions. (1) Is the mechanism considerably different from that of previously known intercalated graphites? (2) If superconductivity is conventional, what are the relevant phonons? (3) Given the extreme similarity between and , why are their critical temperatures so different? We address these questions on the basis of first-principles calculations and conclude that coupling with intercalant phonons is likely to be the main force for superconductivity in and , but not in alkaline-intercalated compounds, and explain the difference in by the ``isotope effect'' due to the difference in Yb and Ca atomic masses.
Mass splitting in the current-current picture

By assuming the electromagnetic and medium-strong mass splitting interactions to be bilinear products of octet currents, we are able to calculate each set of octet baryon splittings in terms of one parameter with reasonable experimental agreements.
Ideology and Strategic Party Disloyalty in the US Congress

In this research, we offer a theory of strategic party disloyalty by members of the US House during roll call voting. Our theory suggests that ideologically extreme legislators become markedly less loyal to their party when they move to majority party status as a way to grandstand for their extreme constituents and maintain a highly ideological brand, while ideological moderates become noticeably more loyal when they transition to the majority in order to extract distributive benefits from party leaders. Moreover, because this strategic disloyalty is linked to legislators’ efforts to win re-election, we expect these behaviors to be exaggerated on final passage votes relative to procedural votes. Using ideal point estimates and measures of party unity during roll calls over 35 years of House activity, our empirical evidence largely supports our expectations and demonstrates that individual legislators adapt their levels of party loyalty over time as an interactive function of their own ideology and their majority party status. Said more simply, ideologically extreme and ideologically moderate legislators respond to the transition from minority to majority party status in fundamentally different ways.
Comparative Catches of Field Populations of Lone Star Ticks by Co2-Emitting Dry-Ice, Dry-Chemical, and Animal-Baited Devices

Five CO2-emitting devices were compared for effectiveness in sampling nymphal and adult lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), at previously unsampled sites and permanent sampling sites in wooded habitats of southeastern Oklahoma. Cubes of dry ice (365 to 370 g) placed on white cloth panels (0.7 by 0.9 m) were generally more effective and easier to use than dry-chemical devices or rabbit-baited devices at both types of sites. The dry-chemical devices were nearly as effective as the dry-ice devices at permanent sampling sites and did not require a nearby dry-ice supply.
The Analysis and Countermeasures for the Pipe Explosion of W-type Flame Boiler Platens

With respect to the 600 MW units of the W-type flame furnace newly put into operation in a certain power plant,there have been some problems in the operation,such as pipe explosion caused by overheating on the heating surface,desuperheater attemperating water shortages,too low a oxygen content,too high a content of combustible flying ash,etc.To solve these problems,this paper puts forwards some methods provided to prevent overheating on the heating surface and to increase desuperheater attemperating water flow.Besides,an adjustment of burning is made to the furnace thereby providing bases for the reliable and steady operation of W-type flame furnaces.
Baby FaceTime: can toddlers learn from online video chat?

There is abundant evidence for the ‘video deficit’: children under 2 years old learn better in person than from video. We evaluated whether these findings applied to video chat by testing whether children aged 12–25 months could form relationships with and learn from on-screen partners. We manipulated social contingency: children experienced either real-time FaceTime conversations or pre-recorded Videos as the partner taught novel words, actions and patterns. Children were attentive and responsive in both conditions, but only children in the FaceTime group responded to the partner in a temporally synced manner. After one week, children in the FaceTime condition (but not the Video condition) preferred and recognized their Partner, learned more novel patterns, and the oldest children learned more novel words. Results extend previous studies to demonstrate that children under 2 years show social and cognitive learning from video chat because it retains social contingency. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/rTXaAYd5adA
3D-Printed Small-Animal Immobilizer for Use in Preclinical Radiotherapy.

We have designed a method for immobilizing the subjects of small-animal studies using a study group–specific 3D-printed immobilizer that significantly reduces interfraction rotational variation. A cone-beam CT scan acquired from a single specimen in a study group was used to create a 3D-printed immobilizer that can be used for all specimens in the same study group. 3D printing allows for the incorporation of study-specific features into the immobilizer design, including geometries suitable for use in MR and CT scanners, holders for fiducial markers, and anesthesia nose cones of various sizes. Using metrics of rotational setup variations, we compared the current setup in our small-animal irradiation system, a half-pipe bed, with the 3D-printed device. We also assessed translational displacement within the immobilizer. The printed design significantly reduced setup variation, with average reductions in rotational displacement of 76% ± 3% (1.57 to 0.37°) in pitch, 78% ± 3% (1.85 to 0.41°) in yaw, and 87% ± 3% (5.39 to 0.70°) in roll. Translational displacement within the printed immobilizer was less than 1.5 ± 0.3 mm. This method of immobilization allows for repeatable setup when using MR or CT scans for the purpose of radiotherapy, streamlines the workflow, and places little burden on the study subjects.
Belief in the Claim of an Argument Increases Perceived Argument Soundness.

We examined subjects' ability to judge the soundness of informal arguments. The argument claims matched or did not match subject beliefs. In all experiments subjects indicated beliefs about spanking and television violence in a prescreening. Subjects read one-sentence arguments consisting of a claim followed by a reason and then judged the soundness of the argument. Signal detection theory analyses were used to examine discrimination performance and response bias. In Experiment 1 discrimination was not predicted by beliefs, but subjects were biased in favor of rejecting arguments as unsound when the claim was inconsistent with their beliefs compared with when it was consistent. In Experiments 2 and 3 we replicated these effects and examined neutral subjects and reasoning ability as factors. The results suggest that belief or disbelief in an argument claim biases students' judgments of the argument's soundness.
Business analytics programs offered by AACSB-accredited U.S. colleges of business: A web mining study

ABSTRACTE-business, e-education, e-government, social media, and mobile services generate and capture trillions of bytes of data every second about customers, suppliers, employees, and other types of data. The growing quantity of big data is an important part of every sector in the global economy. However, there is a significant shortage of business data analysts. The authors explored a random sample of 215 Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business–accredited U.S. business colleges' official websites regarding their business analytics program offerings at varied academic levels. The findings indicate that only a minority of the 215 colleges offered business analytics programs at varied academic levels.
Association Between Electronic Medical Record Implementation and Otolaryngologist Productivity in the Ambulatory Setting

Importance In the current health care era, many medical practices are transitioning to a new electronic health record system. Until now, there has been little information published on the association between electronic medical record (EMR) use and otolaryngologist productivity in the ambulatory setting. Objective To examine the association between transitioning to an EMR system and physician productivity in otolaryngology. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational study at a tertiary care academic ambulatory center. Participants were 5 full-time otolaryngologists in practice, among whom a retrospective analysis of physician productivity was performed from May 5, 2013, through April 30, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures We examined 5 practicing otolaryngologists for 24 months (12 months before and 12 months after transitioning to a new EMR system). Physician productivity was measured using the mean work relative value units (wRVUs) and the mean number of clinic visits. Each practitioner, with his wRVUs and clinic visit volume, was compared before and after implementation of the EMR system. The overall change in wRVUs and clinic visit volume was measured. The mean time spent after a full clinic day editing documentation before and after implementation of the EMR system for each practitioner was also recorded. Results Among all 5 practitioners (age range, 38-51 years), the monthly wRVUs decreased from a mean of 334 before EMR implementation to a mean of 284 after EMR implementation, with an absolute difference of 50 (95% CI, 6-85). The monthly clinic visit volume decreased from a mean of 132 to 121, with an absolute difference of 11 (95% CI, 0-18). When examined individually, only 1 physician had a significant decrease in wRVUs. The remainder of the physicians did not demonstrate a significant change in wRVUs or clinic visit volume. On average, the physicians spent 2.1 hours after clinic reviewing and editing documentation before the transition to the EMR system and 1.9 hours after the transition. Conclusions and Relevance Transitioning to an EMR system in an ambulatory otolaryngology tertiary care setting slightly decreased physician productivity as measured by wRVUs and clinic visit volume in the 12-month period after implementation in an incentivized compensation system.