cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, using integrated pest management measures. II. Mass rearing and sterilization.

Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans , collected at local dairies on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, were used to establish a colony for mass production of flies for a sterile male release (SMR) program. Daily adult production ranged from 250,000 to 300,000, with ca. 70,000 pupae/day needed for colony maintenance. When trays were seeded at a rate of ca. 60,000 eggs/tray, average yield was 21,400 pupae/tray, and more than 90% eclosed. Thus rearing efficiency was ca. 30%. The SMRs were most successful when releases consisted of 24- to 48-h-old adults exposed to 2 kR of gamma radiation (cobalt-60). This dosage sterilized 100% of the females and 98 + 2% of the males, and adults were vigorous and highly competitive with the native strain.
Complete amino acid sequence of the Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobin component IV: structural implications.

The globin derived from the monomer Component IV hemoglobin of the marine annelid,Glycera dibranchiata, has been completely sequenced, and the resulting information has been used to create a structural model of the protein. The most important result is that the consensus sequence of Component IV differs by 3 amino acids from a cDNA-predicted amino acid sequence thought earlier to encode the Component IV hemoglobin. This work reveals that the histidine (E7), typical of most heme-containing globins, is replaced by leucine in Component IV. Also significant is that this sequence is not identical to any of the previously reportedGlycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobin sequences, including the sequence from a previously reported crystal structure, but has high identity to all. A three-dimensional structual model for monomer Component IV hemoglobin was constructed using the published 1.5 a crystal structure of a monomer hemoglobin fromGlycera dibranchiata as a template. The model shows several interesting features: (1) a Phe31 (B10) that is positioned in the active site; (2) a His39 occurs in an interhelical region occupied by Pro in 98.2% of reported globin sequences; and (3) a Met41 is found at a position that emerges from this work as a previously unrecognized heme contact.
Effect of Cortisone and of Aureomycin on Baby Pigs Fed a Vitamin B12-Deficient Diet

SummaryA vit. B12 deficiency has been produced in baby pigs fed an alpha-protein “synthetic milk” diet. The addition of aureo-mycin to this diet, either before or after the deficiency state existed, did not give a beneficial response. The injection of 20 mg of cortisone daily into vit. B12-deficient pigs enhanced the deficiency state rather than having any curative effect.
Immunophenotypic analysis of acute leukemia.

Since the introduction of monoclonal antibodies for the study of hematopoietic disease in the early 1980s, techniques to aid in the identification of cell lineage have proliferated. Immunofluorescent flow-cytometric studies are particularly helpful in the characterization of acute leukemia, and when used in conjunction with light-microscopic findings, can make a significant contribution to the final diagnosis in 20-30% of cases. 1 The introduction of immunophenotypic studies in the characterization of acute leukemia is not without cost, however, because the degree of heterogeneity in these diseases has dramatically increased
The study survey on the effect of Polysacchrides in promoting leucocyte growth

in order to know the study survey on the effect of Polysacchrides in promoting leucoytegrowth, domestic and overseas data were consulted and analysed. The results showed that Polysacchridescan promote the leucoyte developing which was restrained by Radiation or Cyclophosphamide, themechanism may be that Polysacchrides can repair DNA damage in hematopoietic cell, and can boost theproducing and excreting of hematopoietic factors. It is suggested that Polysacchridescan promoting leucoyte growth ,and the study level have attained the field of molecule.
Advances in Inheritance Mode of Pest Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis

Bt-transgenic crops have been widely grown in the global and for more than ten years in some countries such as USA and China. Pest resistance to Bt crops haven’t been reported as yet. High dose/refuse strategy was applied for managing pest resistance to Bt crops. The supposition of this strategy ties up the inheritance mode of resistance. Based on introducing methods for studying the inheritance mode of pest resistance, advances in the inheritance mode of pest resistance to Bt were reviewed, and the application of these advances in high dose/refuse strategy was discussed.
Ions interacting in solution: Moving from intrinsic to collective properties

Abstract A crucial determinant of Hofmeister effects is the direct interaction of ions in solution with the charged groups on the surface of larger particles. Understanding ion–ion interactions in solution is therefore a necessary first step to explaining Hofmeister effects. Here, we advocate an approach to modeling these types of properties where state of the art Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulation of ions in solution is used to establish benchmark values for the intrinsic properties of ions in solution such as solvation structures and ion–ion Potentials of Mean Force (PMFs). This information can then be combined with, or used to parametrize and improve, reduced models, which use approximations such as the continuum solvent model (CSM). These reduced models can then be used to calculate collective and concentration dependent properties of electrolyte solution and so make accurate predictions about complex systems of relevance for direct applications. We provide an example of this approach using AIMD calculations of the sodium chloride PMF to calculate osmotic coefficients of all 20 alkali halide electrolytes.
Comprehensive evaluation of fatty acids in foods. VII. Pork products

Data on fatty acids in various pork cuts and products are compiled in this seventh article in a series.
Spatiotemporal dynamic transformations of soil lead and children's blood lead ten years after Hurricane Katrina: New grounds for primary prevention

Abstract Background The contribution of lead contaminated soil to blood lead, especially as it is a large reservoir of lead dust, has been underestimated relative to lead-based paint. On 29 August 2005 Hurricane Katrina flooded and disrupted habitation in New Orleans. Soil and blood lead were mapped prior to Katrina. This unique study addresses soil and blood lead conditions pre- and ten years post-Katrina and considers the effectiveness of low lead soil for lead exposure intervention. Objectives Comparison of soil and blood lead levels pre- and ten years post-Katrina to evaluate and assess the impact of flooding on soil and blood lead at the scale of the city of New Orleans. Methods Post-Katrina soil and blood lead data were stratified by the same census tracts (n = 176) as pre-Katrina data. This unique city scale data-set includes soil lead (n = 3314 and 3320, pre- vs. post-Katrina), blood lead (n = 39,620 and 17,739, pre- vs. post-Katrina), distance, and changes in percent pre-1940 housing. Statistical analysis entailed permutation procedures and Fisher's Exact Tests. Results Pre- vs. ten years post-Katrina soil lead median decreased from 280 mg/kg to 132 mg/kg, median blood lead decreased from 5 μg/dL to 1.8 μg/dL, respectively. Percent pre-1940 housing did not change significantly (P-value = 0.674). Soil and blood lead decrease with distance from the center of New Orleans. Except for age-of-housing results, P-values were extremely small ( − 12 ). Conclusions Ten years after Katrina, profound changes in soil lead and children's blood lead occurred in New Orleans. Decreasing the lead on soil surfaces reduces children's interaction with lead dust, thus underscoring soil as a major of source of exposure.
Differential Effects of Interleukin-13 on Cytomegalovirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Human Alveolar Macrophages

Alveolar macrophages, which form a principal line of defense against a variety of pulmonary pathogens, may themselves be infected by viruses like human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), which impair their defensive functions. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a multifunctional cytokine, has been considered for therapeutic use based on its potent inhibition of HIV-1 in these cells. We have further examined the effects of IL-13 on alveolar macrophages under conditions that reflect those seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome, where this cell type is often infected by the opportunistic pathogen human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Alveolar macrophages exposed to both HCMV and HIV-1 consistently exhibited higher levels of HIV-1 replication than cells exposed to HIV-1 alone. HIV-1 production was strongly suppressed in alveolar macrophages treated with IL-13 regardless of whether or not the cultures were coinfected with HCMV. However, IL-13 treatment markedly enhanced the expression of HCMV in otherwise latently infected macrophages in a dose dependent manner. These unexpected differential effects of IL-13 on host-virus interactions are important considerations in guiding its potential therapeutic applications.
Dynamic Substrate for the Physical Encoding of Sensory Information in Bat Biosonar

Horseshoe bats have dynamic biosonar systems with interfaces for ultrasonic emission (reception) that change shape while diffracting the outgoing (incoming) sound waves. An information-theoretic analysis based on numerical and physical prototypes shows that these shape changes add sensory information (mutual information between distant shape conformations <20%), increase the number of resolvable directions of sound incidence, and improve the accuracy of direction finding. These results demonstrate that horseshoe bats have a highly effective substrate for dynamic encoding of sensory information.
Dogs on livestock farms: A cross‐sectional study investigating potential roles in zoonotic pathogen transmission

Summary Dogs are often present on livestock farms, where they serve important management and companion roles, yet may be involved in zoonotic pathogen transmission. Numerous factors can potentially alter the risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens, such as the dog's access to livestock, close dog–human contact and an increasing immunocompromised human population. The objective of this study was to quantify and qualify dog ownership among livestock owners, their dog husbandry and biosecurity practices, the dogs’ access to livestock and potential risks for zoonotic pathogen transmission. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 2,000 presumed Ohio livestock owners. Data were collected on demographics, dog husbandry practices, attitudes surrounding zoonotic diseases and attachment to and preventive veterinary care for the dogs. There were 446 responders who met the study inclusion criteria as an Ohio livestock farm owner, with 297 (67%) also owning dogs. Approximately 52% of dog-owning households included at least one individual at higher disease risk (i.e., .05). Numerous opportunities for zoonotic pathogen transmission and low level of zoonotic disease concern suggest a need for improved education and outreach for the livestock dog-owning community, particularly for higher risk households.
Outcomes Using LVADs for Destination Therapy

The goal of this chapter is to present the data from pivotal trials that have studied the outcomes of patients with end-stage heart failure who were deemed ineligible for heart transplantation in whom left ventricular assist devices were used as destination therapy. Data suggest left ventricular assist devices are superior to optimal medical therapy in this subgroup as well as in patients >70 years old. Adverse events are a concern but comparable to other LVAD subgroups. However, patient quality of life and functional status improved with destination therapy LVADs. Future directions of LVAD design may one day minimize risk, improve quality of life, and obviate the need for heart transplant altogether.
Developing upconversion nanoparticle-based smart substrates for remote temperature sensing

Recent developments in understanding of nanomaterial behaviors and synthesis have led to their application across a wide range of commercial and scientific applications. Recent investigations span from applications in nanomedicine and the development of novel drug delivery systems to nanoelectronics and biosensors. In this study, we propose the application of a newly engineered temperature sensitive water-based bio-compatible core/shell up-conversion nanoparticle (UCNP) in the development of a smart substrate for remote temperature sensing. We developed this smart substrate by dispersing functionalized nanoparticles into a polymer solution and then spin-coating the solution onto one side of a microscope slide to form a thin film substrate layer of evenly dispersed nanoparticles. By using spin-coating to deposit the particle solution we both create a uniform surface for the substrate while simultaneously avoid undesired particle agglomeration. Through this investigation, we have determined the sensitivity and capabilities of this smart substrate and conclude that further development can lead to a greater range of applications for this type smart substrate and use in remote temperature sensing in conjunction with other microscopy and spectroscopy investigations.
Bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches to religion

Taves’ “Revelatory Events” (2016) is definitive of the current state of high-quality research in religious studies and the cognitive science of religion (CSR). She blends cognitive science (CS) wit...
Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with and Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The most common cardiac surgical procedure performed in the United States is coronary artery bypass grafting (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hs/types, 2017). However, between 2008 and 2012 the number of bypass surgeries has decreased and the average patient presents with more comorbidities than in the past. Fortunately, the in-hospital mortality rate has decreased from 2.7 to 2.2% over the same period (Moazzami et al., J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 31:19, 2017). The anesthetic requirements for coronary bypass vary with surgical approach, need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and other patient-specific factors. Both on-pump (CABG) and off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) will be discussed in this chapter. A separate section in this text discusses minimally invasive techniques such as robotic CABG.
Real-time Change Point Detection using On-line Topic Models.

Detecting changes within an unfolding event in real time from news articles or social media enables to react promptly to serious issues in public safety, public health or natural disasters. In this study, we use on-line Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to model shifts in topics, and apply on-line change point detection (CPD) algorithms to detect when significant changes happen. We describe an on-line Bayesian change point detection algorithm that we use to detect topic changes from on-line LDA output. Extensive experiments on social media data and news articles show the benefits of on-line LDA versus standard LDA, and of on-line change point detection compared to off-line algorithms. This yields F-scores up to 52% on the detection of significant real-life changes from these document streams.
Mental Illness Stigma and the Sociology of Mental Health

Scanning the development of research pertaining to labeling and stigma as it pertains to mental illnesses over the past 30 years reveals a deep connection between these fields of inquiry and the development of the American Sociological Association’s Section on the Sociology of Mental Health. As research in this domain progressed, the need for a specific home for that research within the ASA became apparent, and as the section grew and supported sessions specifically on labeling and stigma this domain of research was further enhanced. At this juncture sociological understandings of labeling and stigma stand as one of the major successes of the section on the Sociology of Mental Illness.
Abstract 2441: Effects of hypoxia on Src family members' activity in prostate cancer cells

Metastasis is the major reason of disease progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Src family kinases (SFKs), including c-Src, Lyn and Fyn, are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in castration resistance and metastasis in prostate cancer. Hypoxia, a typical hallmark of solid malignancies, is able to promote metastasis-associated functions. However, whether SFK members are upregulated under hypoxia is unclear. The current project will detect the impact of hypoxia on cell functions and molecular features in prostate cancer cells. For hypoxic exposure, prostate cancer cells were exposed to low oxygen tensions (1% O2) for varied durations (0, 2, 6, 24 h). To test cell migration, “wound-healing” assay was used. Cell invasion was detected by seeding cells into Matrigel-coated transwell chamber and cells on the bottom membranes were counted after treatment. Clonogenic assay was performed to test cell survival. At the molecular level, SFKs9 phosphorylation in cancer cells and patient tissues was detected by Western blotting, and gene knockdown was accomplished by siRNA transfection. To detect the effects of Src inhibitors, cells were treated with saracatinib for indicated time periods. Phosphorylation of all three typical SFKs, e.g., c-Src, Lyn and Fyn, were highly expressed in prostate cancer patient tissues. At the cellular level, while short term hypoxic exposure (2-6 h) induced greater effects than prolonged hypoxia (24 h) in PC-3ML, these cellular functions were increased with 24 h hypoxic exposure in C4-2B cells. Further, hypoxia enhanced SFK phosphorylation in the pattern that was consistent with cell functions in both cell lines. Knockdown SRC, but not LYN or FYN, abolished hypoxia-induced invasion and p-SFK expression. Lastly, SFK inhibitor saracatinib showed stronger inhibition on functional behaviors facilitated under hypoxia than normal conditions. Our data show that hypoxia is able to enhance metastatic phenotypes by activating SFKs in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, c-Src may be the most important signaling molecule for hypoxia-mediated behaviors. More importantly, SFK inhibitors are able to impair hypoxia-induced cell functions, suggesting their therapeutic potential by suppressing tumor metastasis that is driven under hypoxia in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Yao Dai, Dietmar Siemann. Effects of hypoxia on Src family members9 activity in prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2441.
Thyroid cancer staging and genomics

Kim et al . have published a very interesting article in World Journal of Surgery about staging of thyroid cancer and implications of genomic analysis based on patients’ age (1). The authors compared overall survival and recurrencefree survival with different age cutoff values, and they investigated the appropriateness of the new staging system at a genomic level. They studied 505 patients for the clinical information (low-to intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancers with 28 recurrences and 14 deaths) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. They were able to show significant values using 55 years as a cutoff for relapse-free survival. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that patients above age 55 had differing genetic pathways associated with aggressiveness of thyroid cancer.
A more powerful unconditional exact test of homogeneity for 2 × c contingency table analysis

The classical unconditional exact p-value test can be used to compare two multinomial distributions with small samples. This general hypothesis requires parameter estimation under the null which ma...
Estimating timber losses from a town ant colony with aerial photographs.

texana (Buckley) and to estimate the area of damage i n a plantation of loblotly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Stumpage loss from the nest over a period of 30 years was estimated
Does a business-like approach to diversity in nonprofit organizations have a chilling effect on stakeholders?

Despite widespread commitment to promoting diversity in the nonprofit sector, increasing diversity poses a continued challenge for many nonprofits. Even nonprofits with explicit diversity statements often struggle to diversify their organizations. One potential impediment to achieving diversity may result from the framing and communication of diversity values within nonprofits. We evaluate the reactions of hypothetical stakeholders to two forms of diversity framing – instrumental and moral frames – focusing on potential divergence amongst racial-minority and White perspectives. Experiment 1 demonstrates that Black and Latino participants feel marginally more dehumanized and anticipate racial minorities will feel more devalued in an organization espousing the moral (compared to instrumental) diversity frame. In contrast, Whites feel less valued, more dehumanized, and perceive organizations as less authentically dedicated to diversity when viewing an organization that espouses the instrumental (compared to moral) frame. Experiment 2 extends these results demonstrating that Whites who are particularly concerned about their place in future job markets are more likely to feel devalued by instrumental frames to diversity. We discuss how these results diverge from existing findings of similar frames applied to business, rather than nonprofit, contexts. These findings extend our understanding of the implications of outcome-oriented versus moral frames within nonprofit organizations as well as informing understanding of how diversity frames may offer divergent signals to underrepresented and non-underrepresented stakeholders.
Endovascular Stent Grafting of Thoracic Aorta

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) revolutionized the management of descending thoracic aortic pathologies. TEVAR has become an attractive alternative to open surgical repair in an aging population and allows surgeons to treat those who would otherwise be too high of medical risk. Since its introduction in the 1990s, several studies have demonstrated its efficacy in treating aneurysms, dissections, penetrating ulcers, and blunt aortic injuries.
Indigenizing Restoration: Indigenous Lands before Urban Parks

Climate change and human activities continue to result in negative environmental impacts that alter land productivity, ecosystem health, and their potential land uses. However, these environmental impacts are being addressed through land restoration frameworks that do not include the robust narrative on the links between land and Indigenous peoples. This link between land and Indigenous peoples is not visible in restoration frameworks owing to the linearity of these frameworks and their deep roots in Western science. In this article, the authors contend that restoration projects must incorporate indicators that reevaluate restoration through an Indigenous lens. Through a literature review and their ongoing restoration project, they identify three major indicators that are important to incorporate in restoration: ecocolonialism, kincentric ecology, and environmental narratives. They apply these indicators to provide the historical context of their ongoing field site, Daybreak Star Indian Cultural Center located at Discovery Park, the largest urban park in Seattle, Washington. They conclude that incorporating these three indicators into restoration frameworks not only indigenizes restoration but also can help create more effective solutions to environmental problems persisting for decades in unhealthy ecosystems.
Transmission Planning, Investment, and Cost Allocation in US ISO Markets

Independent system operators (ISOs) plan the electric power transmission system over large geographic areas. A wide range of modeling tools is available, including production cost planning models, large-scale optimization models, and reliability models. Each model addresses different aspects of the optimal planning process. This paper reviews the current approach for transmission planning and investment in a competitive environment and presents a modeling approach for regional planning and investment in a competitive generation environment. The framework proposed can be used in an auction to award investment contracts or as a part of a more detailed policy analysis. The result yields the set of transmission projects that have the highest expected benefits, while also representing generic generation expansions.
Adjusted Bias-free Forecasts of Covid-19 Deaths for July 13 and July 20

Since testing for COVID-19 infections is not at all randomized over the general population, most epidemiological model forecasts of deaths are subject to â€˜selec
Unexpected case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a patient with long-standing well-controlled HIV infection.

Abstract Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) classically occurs in individuals with advanced HIV infection, solid organ transplants, or other immunocompromising conditions. We report a case of fatal CM in a 78-year-old woman with well-controlled HIV infection who had delayed diagnosis, persistently elevated intracranial pressure and pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Initial suspicion for CM was low due to her relatively high CD4+ T cell counts, which likely contributed to greater inflammation.
Integration of theory and experiment in the modelling of heterogeneous electrocatalysis

Heterogeneous electrocatalysis is critical to many energy conversion processes. Theoretical and computational approaches are essential to interpret experimental data and provide the mechanistic understanding necessary to design more effective catalysts. However, automated general procedures to build predictive theoretical and computational frameworks are not readily available; specific choices must be made in terms of the atomistic structural model and the level of theory, as well as the experimental data used to inform and validate these choices. Here we outline some best practices for modelling heterogeneous systems and present examples in the context of catalysis at metal electrodes and oxides. The level of theory should be chosen for the specific system and properties of interest, and experimental validation is essential from the beginning to the end of the study. Continuous feedback and ultimate integration between experiment and theory enhances the power of calculations to elucidate mechanisms, identify effective descriptors and clarify design principles. Theoretical modelling is essential to deepen our understanding of heterogeneous electrocatalytic energy conversion processes, such as water splitting. Here, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer and Giulia Galli offer their perspectives on the best strategies for successfully studying such systems.
Layer dependent magnetism and topology in monolayer and bilayers ReX 3 (X = Br, I)

The realization of robust intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional materials with the possibility to support topologically non-trivial states has provided the fertile ground for novel physics and next-generation spintronics and quantum computing applications. In this contribution, we investigated the formation of topological states and magnetism in monolayer and bilayer systems of ReX3(X= Br, I), with PBE, ACBN0 (self-consistent Hubbard-U), excluding/including van der Waals (vdW) corrections and/or spin-orbit coupling. Bulk ReX3(X= Br, I) is predicted to crystallize in space groupR3¯(#148), similar to CrI3, with monolayer exfoliation energies that are comparable or less than that of graphite. The topological character of the monolayer and bilayer systems of ReX3(X= Br, I) is derived from anomalous Hall conductivity computations. Topologically non-trivial states in ReX3(X= Br, I) are absent in the Hubbard-Ucomputations if vdW interactions are included, a prediction that is attributed to the large Hubbard-Udifference between the chemical constituents, ΔU∼ 1.5-1.6 eV, and a significant ∼2.0%-3.6% compressive in-plane strain introduced by vdW interactions. In contrast to the fragile and likely absent topological states in ReX3(X= Br, I), magnetic properties are robust and independent of the level of theory: ferromagnetic monolayers are coupled antiferromagnetically to bilayers, with an energy separation between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bilayer spin configurations that could be as low as 0.02 meV/Re (f= 4.8 GHz), well within the microwave range. This suggests that layer dependent magnetism in ReX3(X= Br, I) may support a microwave controllable magnetic qubit, consisting of a superposition of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic bilayer states.
Evidence Synthesis and Integration Methods used in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program *Abstract is associated with symposium proposal ID “66” (accepted status)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessments are an important source of toxicity information used by EPA, state and local hea...
Immediate Complications of Intravenous Contrast for Computed Tomography Imaging in the Outpatient Setting Are Rare

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1005–1009 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: Despite increasing attention to the long-term risks of radiation exposure and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), institutional guidelines and patient consent procedures for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging in the emergency department (ED) setting have focused primarily on more immediate complications, directly attributable to the administration of intravenous (IV) iodinated contrast administration. Thus, this study sought to define the risk of these immediate complications with the overall aim of improving institutional guidelines and patient consent procedures. Methods: This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients undergoing CECT of any body region in the ED, for complications occurring within 1 week of contrast administration, using predefined implicit definitions. Severe complications were defined as any of the following requiring medical or surgical intervention: bronchospasm with acute respiratory failure, airway obstruction, anaphylactoid shock, or acute pulmonary edema. The development of compartment syndrome, lactic acidosis, or pulmonary edema within 1 week of contrast administration was also considered a severe complication. Results: Of 633 patients, only five (0.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3% to 1.8%) reported any immediate complications, all of which were classified as minor. No patient developed a reaction meeting the study definition of a severe complication. Conclusions: The frequency of severe, immediate complications from CECT imaging that includes IV contrast is less than 1%, and the frequency of mild complications is less than 2%. The authors conclude that CECT is associated with a very low rate of severe immediate complications.
Order and the Court

SUMMARY The days when psychotherapy was practiced as a lone endeavor are nearly gone. Today therapists, particularly family therapists, interface with a variety of other community professionals; many of these professionals are from our legal system. Judges, attorneys, and guardians are calling on the expertise of family therapists to assist with difficult cases. A relatively new population of clients being seen by family therapists are parents involved in the divorce process who are struggling to work out issues regarding their children. Court-ordered therapy is now required for many divorcing couples. The authors describe their work with parents who are court-ordered to therapy for issues regarding the well-being of their children. In addition to describing their working assumptions and therapeutic techniques, the authors explore the common pitfalls of working with families court-ordered to family therapy.
The sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway is upregulated in response to partial urethral obstruction in male rats and activates RhoA/Rho-kinase signalling.

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of partial urethral obstruction (PUO) on the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P, a bioactive lipid shown to modulate smooth muscle, SM) pathway in the bladders of male rats, and to determine the effect of PUO on the RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROK) pathway, and whether there is a molecular cross-talk with the S1P pathways associated with bladder overactivity (S1P1-S1P3, where S1P1 is associated with nitric oxide-mediated SM relaxation, and S1P2 and S1P3 receptors are associated more with SM contraction via the ROK pathway). MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 20 male rats were divided into two groups and underwent PUO or a sham operation (control). After 2 weeks all rats were killed humanely and bladder specimens used for in vitro organ-bath physiological contractility studies, and for mRNA and protein analyses of major S1P/ROK pathway constituents via real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, early-passage SM cells were transfected with recombinant sphingosine kinase (SPHK, the enzyme that converts sphingosine to S1P). RESULTS Bladders from PUO rats had greater mRNA expression of the S1P2 and S1P3 receptors, as well as SPHK1, than the sham controls (4.78, 2.04 and 2.72 times, respectively). PUO rats also had significantly greater expression of RhoA and ROKα (1.76 and 2.19 times, respectively). Western blotting and organ-bath contractility studies showed similar changes at the protein and in vitro functional level, with an increased contractility of bladder strips from PUO rats to exogenous S1P. Transfection of SPHK into isolated SM cells increased ROK expression. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that the S1P signalling pathway is significantly upregulated in response to PUO in male rats at both the molecular and in vitro functional levels, correlating with an activation of the RhoA/ROK pathway. Further, we provide novel data that SPHK overexpression increases ROK expression in vitro, suggesting a novel hypothesis of S1P-induced bladder overactivity in the mechanism for PUO-induced bladder dysfunction and the S1P signalling pathway as a possible therapeutic target for bladder overactivity.
Herzveränderungen infolge nichtpenetrierender Traumen

Mit der Entwicklung des Automobils, mit der zunehmenden Ausdehnung der Industrie und der gleichzeitigen Verbesserung der Untersuchungsmethoden kommen Herzveranderungen durch stumpfe Traumen ofter vor und werden immer haufiger erkannt. Das kasuistische Material ist auserordentlich gros und reicht uber eine lange Zeitperiode zuruck, wurde aber erst in der letzten Zeit gesammelt (32). Viele Jahre vorher wurde dieses Thema experimentell bearbeitet (19), doch wurden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse vernachlassigt, bis das Interesse durch neue Beitrage wieder auflebte (2, 25).
Use of Oral Gentamicin, Metronidazole, and Cholestyramine in the Treatment of Severe Persistent Diarrhea in Infants

Oral gentamicin, metronidazole, and cholestyramine were given either as single agents or in various combinations to infants who still required treatment after seven days in the hospital for persistent diarrhea. The effect of these drugs and the interactions between them were assessed by comparing daily stool output during treatment with that in the pretreatment period. The effect of the drugs on apparent nitrogen and fat absorption was also studied. On the first day of treatment the presence of cholestyramine was associated with a significantly greater decrease in stool output. This effect appeared to be largely due to an interaction with gentamicin. Thereafter, only gentamicin produced a significantly greater decrease in stool weight. At no stage was metronidazole of benefit. Gentamicin and cholestyramine also indirectly improved apparent nitrogen and fat absorption by reducing stool output. The combination of oral gentamicin and cholestyramine is recommended as a safe and effective way of treating infants with severe persistent diarrhea following acute gastroenteritis.
comparison of bio-oil produced in a fractionated bio-oil collection system

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil, char and non-condensable gases were produced from a 8 kg/hr fluidized bed reactor. The bio-oil was collected in a fractionating bio-oil collection system that produced multiple fractions of bio-oil. This bio-oil was fractionated through two separate, but equally important, mechanisms within the collection system. The aerosols and vapors were selectively collected by utilizing laminar flow conditions to prevent aerosol collection and electrostatic precipitators to collect the aerosols. The vapors were successfully collected through a selective condensation process. The combination of these two mechanisms has created the ability to effectively fractionate the bio-oil into distinct fractions with improved characteristics. The fractions of bio-oil each contained different properties. Bio-oil properties that were improved included the energy content, water content, acid content and distribution of certain carbohydrates (levoglucosan and acetic acid). The improved properties that are associated with the fractionated bio-oil could allow bio-oil to be used in new markets, preferably without further upgrading. The decreased water and acid contents in the first four (of five) fractions could allow for easier upgrading of the bio-oil into transportation fuels or other valuable products.
ID: 63: Defective IFN-signaling through endoplasmic reticulum causes loss of Autophagy resulting in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression

The molecular and genetic bases for the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an indolent disease, are poorly understood. The Death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), an IFN-inducible calcium-calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is a critical regulator of autophagy and apoptosis. Its expression is frequently suppressed in a wide variety of tumors including CLL. Recently, we have identified a novel non-STAT signaling pathway, where in an endoplasmic resident transcription factor ATF6, in association with the transcription factor C/EBP- β regulates the IFN- γ -induced expression of DAPK1. IFN- γ -induced proteolytic processing of ATF6 and phosphorylation of C/EBP- β are obligatory for the formation of ATF6/C/EBP- β transcriptional complex that regulates DAPK1. Our studies show that in B-CLL, failure of IFN- γ activated functional collaboration between C/EBP- β and/or ATF6 contributes to a loss of growth control via autophagy. We also show a correlation between loss of DAPK1 levels and a failure of ATF6 and/or C/EBP- β activation primary CLL tumors. Restoration of ATF6 or C/EBP- β into respective defective-primary tumor cells, re-established DAPK1 expression. Furthermore, IFN- γ and chemotherapeutics failed to activate autophagy in CLL patient samples lacking ATF6 or C/EBP- β .Together, these results identify a mechanistic basis for the loss of DAPK1 expression, drug resistance and progression of CLL.
Lightning: Ball lightning, bead lightning, and other unusual discharges

… a foot away from the iron rod, [he] looked at the electrical indicator again; just then a palish blue ball of fire, as big as a first, came out of the rod without any contact whatsoever. It went right to the forehead of the professor, who in that instant fell back without uttering a sound … B. Dibner (1977) quoting the witness of a fatality attributed to ball lightning, the death of Georg Richmann in 1753 while repeating the lightning rod experiment originally suggested by Benjamin Franklin in 1750 and first performed by Thomas-Francois D'Alibard in 1752. Introduction Ball lightning (in French, boules de feu, eclair en boule, foudre globulaire; in German, Kugelblitz; in Russian, sharovaya molniya) is a phenomenon for which there exist numerous witness reports but little, if any, scientific documentation such as photographs, videotapes, or other scientific recordings. A reproduction of a woodcut depicting ball lightning “crossing a kitchen and a barn” is shown in Fig 20.1. Barry (1980b) and Stenhoff (1999) in their books presented a variety of photographs purported to be of ball lightning. Stenhoff (1999) stated that 65 such photographs have been published and attributes most of these to causes other than actual ball lightning, including street or car lights photographed by a shaking camera, fireworks, hoaxes, and film blemishes. Jennison et al. (1990) discussed and showed frames from a possible video recording of ball lightning, although the individual who took the video did not see the ball lightning through the viewfinder when he was recording a nearby storm.
A recombinant vector derived from the host range-restricted and highly attenuated MVA strain of vaccinia virus stimulates protective immunity in mice to influenza virus

The immunogenicity of a recombinant virus derived from modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a host range-restricted, highly attenuated and safety-tested strain, was investigated. Plasmid transfer vectors that provide strong synthetic early/late promoters for the simultaneous expression of two genes as well as a transient or stable selectable marker and flanking sequences for homologous recombination with the MVA genome were constructed. A recombinant MVA containing influenza virus haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes was isolated in avian cells and shown to express both proteins efficiently upon infection of human or mouse cells in which abortive replication occurs. Mice, inoculated by various routes with recombinant MVA, produced antibody and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to influenza virus proteins and were protected against a lethal influenza virus challenge as effectively as mice immunized with a recombinant derived from the replication-competent WR strain of vaccinia virus.
Factors explaining faculty technology use and productivity

This study examines factors related to technology use in teaching by university faculty. An EFA analysis of multiple questions of technology use in the classroom found two factors: one loaded with Web use and the second with email use. Therefore, three research questions were asked: What factors explain faculty use of the Web or email? Are these factors the same for both Web and email use? What is the relationship of technology use to faculty productivity? The sample included full-time faculty at doctoral and research institutions selected from the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty:1999 (NSOPF:99) dataset. Independent variables included measures of teaching, research, and service productivity, along with other contextual, demographic, and professional variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to prepare eight models (email and Web use for Doctoral I, Doctoral II, Research I, and Research II institutions). Results confirmed that age and Internet access were important factors related to faculty technology use. The relationship between email and Web use to teaching productivity in particular is intriguing and may indicate that productive faculty use technology to help them be more productive or that technology use impacts productivity. Research and service productivity also exhibited distinctive patterns with email and Web use.
A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining

Serial sections of human thalami, cut in the 3 standard planes, were stained in alternating series for Nissl substance, myelin, cytochrome oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. Nissl and acetylcholinesterase-stained sections revealed a parcellation of the nuclei that could be correlated with that used in the macaque monkey thalamus. Human nuclei were accordingly re-named using the monkey nomenclature. Apart from differences of size, the nuclei of the human and monkey thalamus are remarkably similar. In the human ventral nuclear complex there is a very clear histochemical distinction between nuclei which, on the basis of comparison with the monkey, probably form the pallidal, cerebellar and lemniscal relays to premotor, motor and somatic sensory cortex, respectively. In the human somatic sensory relay nucleus there is a further clear cytoarchitectonic distinction between components that are probably equivalent to the relays for deep and cutaneous receptors in the equivalent monkey nucleus.
Dexterous Robotic Sampling For Mars in-situ Science

Robotic exploration of the Martian surface will provide important scientific data on planetary climate, life history, and geologic resources.
Narrow bandgap group III-nitride alloys

High-quality wurtzite In-rich In 1-x Ga x N (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) and In 1-y Al y N films (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25) were grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Optical absorption, photoluminescence and photomodulated reflectance measurements demonstrate that the fundamental bandgap for InN is only about 0.7 eV. The free electron effective mass is found to vary with free electron concentration, the consequence of a strongly non-parabolic conduction band caused by the k . p interaction with the valence bands across the narrow bandgap. The bandgap gradually increases with increasing Ga or Al content in In 1-x Ga x N or In 1-y Al y N alloys. The composition dependencies of the bandgaps are well described by bowing parameters of 1.4 eV for In 1-x Ga x N and 3.0 eV for In 1-y Al y N. The direct gaps of the group III-nitride alloy system cover a very broad spectral range from the near-infrared in InN to deep-ultraviolet in AlN. This offers unique opportunities for the use of these alloys in a wide range of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Projectile Interactions in Granular Impact Cratering

We present evidence for the interactions between a ball and the container boundaries, as well as between two balls, that are mediated by the granular medium during impact cratering. The presence of the bottom boundary affects the final penetration depth only for low drop heights with shallow filling, in which case, surprisingly, the penetration becomes deeper. By contrast the presence of the sidewall causes less penetration and also an effective repulsion. Repulsion is also found for two balls dropped side by side.
Electrosynthesis of α-keto acetals by a selenium-catalyzed transformation of aryl methyl ketones

An indirect electrochemical pathway exists for the conversion of aryl methyl ketones to their corresponding α-keto acetals. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that diphenyl diselenide can act as an electron mediator in the conversion because it has the lowest oxidation potential in the reaction mixture. Diphenyl diselenide, upon oxidation at the anode, forms an electrophilic phenylselenenylating reagent which can then react with the aryl methyl ketone in the presence of methanol to form the desired α-keto acetal. Moreover, the diphenyl diselenide can be used in catalytic amounts because it can be recycled by oxidizing the phenylselenenyl anion which results from the formation of the α-keto acetal. Current efficiencies up to 64% were obtained without optmization. Low yields can be attributed to the diffusion of reactant, catalyst, and product through the diaphragm of the divided cell.