cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond the numbers: institutional influences on experiences with diversity on elite college campuses

In this article we bring together the burgeoning qualitative literature on the socializing influence of residential colleges, the survey-based literature on campus racial climate, and the literature on diversity work in organizations to analyze how two elite universities’ approaches to diversity shape students’ experiences with and feelings about diversity. We employ 77 in-depth interviews with undergraduates at two elite universities. While the universities appear comparable on measures of student demographics and overall diversity infrastructure, they take different approaches. These varying approaches lead to important differences in student perspectives. At the university that takes a power analysis and minority support approach, students who participate in minority-oriented activities develop a critical race theory perspective, while their white and nonparticipating minority peers frequently feel alienated from that programming. At the university that takes an integration and celebration approach, most students embrace a cosmopolitan perspective, celebrating diversity while paying less attention to power and resource differences between racial groups. The findings suggest that higher education institutions can influence the race frames of students as well as their approaches to multiculturalism, with implications for their views on a variety of important diversity-related issues on campus and beyond.
A summary of measured delayed neutron group parameters

The experimentally-measured delayed neutron parameters for 20 different fissionable isotopes are summarized. The decay curves measured for each isotope are compared as a function of the incident neutron energy inducing the fissions. Based on these comparisons, it is concluded that the results are quite wide spread and that further experimental work should be performed to clearly identify the most accurate sets of delayed neutron parameters for use in reactor applications.
Transcription from a heat-inducible promoter causes heat shock regulation of the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase

The rpoD gene encoding the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase is cotranscribed with rpsU and dnaG, encoding ribosomal protein S21 and DNA primase, respectively. After temperature upshift, a heat shock promoter (Phs) located within dnaG is transiently induced, causing increased transcription of rpoD. The extent of induction is sufficient to account for the heat shock response of sigma synthesis. The initiation site of this promoter was located about 360 bp upstream of rpoD by promoter cloning and S1 nuclease mapping. Plasmid deletions generated with Bal 31 nuclease show that the DNA sequence CTGCCACCC in the -44 to -36 region of this promoter is necessary for its heat shock activity. Heat induction of transcription from Phs is under the control of HtpR, a positive regulator of the heat shock response.
Crossing matrices for particles of arbitrary isospin

Abstract An elementary and systematic discussion is given of isospin crossing symmetry for “two-body” collisions involving particles of arbitrary isospins. Special attention is given to the question of phase relations among the states in the various crossed channels. Explicit formulas for the various crossing matrices are given in terms of Racah coefficients. Numerical forms are given for reactions of especial interest. In an appendix the behavior of the relevant fields and operators under charge conjugation and G -conjugation is described.
The serotonin2 antagonist ritanserin blocks quasi-morphine withdrawal at a time when mianserin is no longer effective.

A quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome (QMWS), produced in opiate-naive rats with an injection of isobutylmethylaxanthine (IBMX) and the opioid antagonist naloxone, allows one to study the expression of opiate withdrawal in the absence of the acute or chronic effects of opiates and the adaptive processes termed dependence. The allegedly selective and long-acting serotonin2 (5-HT2) antagonist ritanserin attenuated the QMWS-induced suppression of fixed ratio (FR) operant responding, which is a sensitive measure of the expression of a QMWS. When administered 30 min prior to precipitation of the QMWS, the lowest dose of ritanserin tested (0.158 mg/kg) was the most effective in blocking the expression of withdrawal; however, there was not complete reversal of the behavioral suppression. Acutely, the two higher doses of ritanserin tested (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) suppressed responding when given alone. This may have masked their ability to attenuate a QMWS. At a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, ritanserin completely blocked the QMWS-induced suppression of responding 24 h post-administration, at a time when its actions at other receptors (e.g., alpha2) have dissipated. At an equivalent dose, the shorter-acting 5-HT2 antagonist mianserin was unable to attenuate the QMWS-induced suppression of FR operant responding 24 h post-administration. The 5-HT2 antagonists reportedly produce a paradoxical down-regulation of 5-HT2 binding sites upon chronic treatment, rather than the expected supersensitivity. Chronic treatment with ritanserin (2.5 mg/kg/day for 7 days), but not mianserin (same regimen), attenuated a QMWS 24 h after the final injection, thus supporting with a functional measure, the down-regulation of such binding sites by ritanserin. These results suggest that ritanserin may prove useful in treating the symptoms of withdrawal during opiate (e.g., heroin and methadone) detoxification, without causing supersensitivity of 5-HT2 receptors upon chronic treatment.
Medium modifications of the neutron charge form factor.

We discuss the behavior of the neutron charge form factor in a nuclear environment using the framework of a chiral \ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\omega} Lagrangian. For momentum transfers of 0.4 (GeV/c${)}^{2}$ and larger, the medium renormalization of fundamental meson parameters leads to a sizable decrease in the neutron charge form factor. This effect might be seen in an upcoming high-precision experiment to determine the electric form factor of the neutron through scattering of polarized electrons from polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. We also find that the effective nucleon mass and axial-vector coupling constant ${g}_{A}$ are quenched.
Flow cytometric measurement of pollutant stresses on algal cells

The lichen Usnea fulvoreagens (Ras). Ras. was treated with four pH levels (5.5, 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5) of simulated acid rain (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and a 1:1 combination of both) and automobile exhaust. The samples were dissociated and analyzed by a Becton-Dickinson FACS 440 flow cytometer. Analyses included measurement of chlorophyll autofluorescence and fluorescence due to uptake of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and calcofluor white M2R (CFW). Cell parameters measured were esterase activity (FDA), membrane permeability (FDA, CFW), and intracellular pH (FDA). Mean fluorescence intensity from FDA staining and numbers of events were incorporated with autofluorescence information to produce a "stress index" of relative cell stress. Results indicated that highly stressed samples (lower pH treatments and greater exposure to exhaust) exhibited a low "stress index" of FDA fluorescence.
Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Effects on Hemispherical Contacts

This work presents a three dimensional finite (3D) element analysis (FEA) of electrical contact between two non-conforming hemispheres at various vertical interferences. Items of particular interest include contact forces, current densities, and magnetic forces. The results are normalized to be applicable to micro and macro-scaled contact models. To test the validity of the analysis, the results are compared to another work focusing on contact between a hemisphere and rigid flat.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The cutaneous and systemic manifestations of azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome.

Background Azathioprine (AZA) hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare side effect that typically occurs early in the initiation of therapy and may include a cutaneous eruption. It is often under-recognized because it mimics infection or disease exacerbation. Until recently, the cutaneous findings associated with AZA hypersensitivity have been reported using nonspecific, descriptive terms without a supportive diagnostic biopsy. Objective To characterize the cutaneous and histologic findings associated with AZA hypersensitivity syndrome. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of two cases of AZA hypersensitivity syndrome and describe the cutaneous manifestations and histological findings of each case. A review of the English literature for cases of AZA hypersensitivity or allergic or adverse reactions associated with AZA was performed. Results Sixty-seven cases of AZA hypersensitivity were reviewed; 49% (33/67) had cutaneous manifestations. Of those cases presenting with cutaneous findings, 76% (25/33) had biopsy results or clinical features consistent with a neutrophilic dermatosis, whereas the other 24% (8/33) were reported as a nonspecific cutaneous eruption. Limitations Only case reports in which the skin findings could be classified were reviewed. Conclusions The predominant cutaneous reaction reported in the literature and observed in the present case series is a neutrophilic dermatosis. Hypersensitivity to AZA can manifest along a wide clinical spectrum from local neutrophilic disease to a systemic syndrome. Skin findings may be an important early clue to the diagnosis of AZA hypersensitivity and aid in prompt recognition and treatment of this potentially life-threatening adverse drug effect.
Improved cloud detection for daytime AVHRR scenes over land

Abstract Accurate cloud detection in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data over land is a difficult task complicated by spatially and temporally varying land surface reflectances and emissivities. The AVHRR Split-and-Merge Clustering (ASMC) algorithm for cloud detection in A VHRR scenes over land provides a computationally efficient, scene-specific, objective way to circumvent these difficulties. The algorithm consists of two steps: 1) a split-and-merge clustering of the input data (calibrated channel 2 albedo, calibrated channel 4 temperature, and a channel 3- channel 4 temperature difference), which segments the scene into its natural groupings; and 2) a cluster-labelling procedure that uses scene-specific, joint three-dimensional adaptive labelling thresholds (as opposed to constant static thresholds) to label the clusters as either cloud, cloud free land, or uncertain. The uncertain class is used for those pixels whose signature is not clearly cloud free land or cloud (e.g., pixels at cloud boundaries that often contain subpixel cloud and land information that has been averaged together by the integrating aperture function of the AVHRR instrument). Results show that the ASMC algorithm is neither regionally nor temporally specific and can be used over a large range of solar altitudes. Sensitivity of the segmentation and labelling steps to the choice of input variables also was studied. Results obtained with the ASMC algorithm also compare favorably with those obtained from a wide range of currently used algorithms to detect cloud over land in A VHRR data. Moreover, the ASMC algorithm can be adapted for use with data to be taken by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer-Nadir (MODIS-N).
Impact of linker strain and flexibility in the design of a fragment-based inhibitor

The linking together of molecular fragments that bind to adjacent sites on an enzyme can lead to high-affinity inhibitors. Ideally, this strategy would use linkers that do not perturb the optimal binding geometries of the fragments and do not have excessive conformational flexibility that would increase the entropic penalty of binding. In reality, these aims are seldom realized owing to limitations in linker chemistry. Here we systematically explore the energetic and structural effects of rigid and flexible linkers on the binding of a fragment-based inhibitor of human uracil DNA glycosylase. Analysis of the free energies of binding in combination with cocrystal structures shows that the flexibility and strain of a given linker can have a substantial impact on binding affinity even when the binding fragments are optimally positioned. Such effects are not apparent from inspection of structures and underscore the importance of linker optimization in fragment-based drug discovery efforts.
Characterization of murine and humanized anti-CD33, gelonin immunotoxins reactive against myeloid leukemias

M195 antibodies recognize CD33, an antigen present on acute myeloid leukemia blasts as well as some myeloid progenitor cells, but not on the ultimate hematopoietic progenitor stem cell. Immunotoxins (IT) reactive with human myeloid leukemias were constructed by conjugating gelonin, a single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein, to murine and genetically engineered, humanized M195 antibodies via anN-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate linkage. No losses of gelonin cytotoxic activity or M195 binding activity were observed after conjugation of up to two toxin molecules per antibody. Toxin conjugates displayed specific, potent toxicity for CD33+ cells. The murine and humanized IT were not toxic to CD33− cells and were 600 and 4500 times more potent, respectively, than free gelonin in inhibiting CD33+ HL60 cells. Treatment of HL60 cells with 1 μg/ml HuM195-gelonin resulted in more than 1000 times lower colony formation; normal bone marrow mononuclear cell colonyforming units treated with HuM195-IT were reduced by a factor of 10. HL60 leukemia cells could be effectively purged from an excess of normal bone marrow cells. Exposure of target cells to IT for as little as 30 min was as effective as continuous exposure of IT for up to 6 days. However, measures of the efficacy of the immunotoxin were directly related to the length of time of observation after IT exposure and were inversely related to cell concentration. M195-gelonin immunoconjugates are potential candidates for therapeutic use in in vivo or ex vivo bone marrow purging of myeloid leukemias.
Multiple substrate-binding sites are retained in cytochrome P450 3A4 mutants with decreased cooperativity

The basis of decreased cooperativity in substrate binding in the cytochrome P450 3A4 mutants F213W, F304W, and L211F/D214E was studied with fluorescence resonance energy transfer and absorbance spectroscopy.Although in the wild type enzyme, the absorbance changes reflecting the interactions with 1-pyrenebutanol exhibit a Hill coefficient (nH) around 1.7 (S50 = 11.7 µM), the mutants showed no cooperativity (nH ≤ 1.1) with unchanged S50 values.Contrary to the premise that the mutants lack one of the two binding sites, the mutants exhibited at least two substrate binding events. The high-affinity interaction is characterized by a dissociation constant (KD) ≤ 1.0 µM, whereas the KD of the second binding has the same magnitude as the S50.Theoretical analysis of a two-step binding model suggests that nH values may vary from 1.1 to 2.2 depending on the amplitude of the spin shift caused by the first binding event.Alteration of cooperativity in the mutants is caused by a partial displacement of the “spin-shifting...
Anaphylactoid purpuraprogressing to gangrene and its treatment with heparin

Summary Rapidly progressing ischemic necrosis involvingthe feet developed in a 10-year-old Caucasian boy with the typical history and physical findings of anaphylactoid purpura. A hypercoagulable state was suggested by finding an accelerated thromboplastin generation time. Following heparin therapy, there was no further progression of the gangrene.
Use of the electrically driven emulsion-phase contactor for a biphasic liquid-liquid enzyme system

An alternative approach to the operation of bioprocessing systems within non-aqueous environments would require the development of reaction systems that would provide effective interfacial contact between the biocatalyst, contained within an aqueous phase, and the organic phase containing the substrate. A biphasic liquid-liquid (BLL) reactor that provides for intimate liquid-liquid contact would be the most probable approach for this application. For the BLL reactions considered in this work, the overall effectiveness of the system will depend on both compatibility of the biocatalyst with the chemical species present and intrinsic reaction and interfacial transport phenomena typically involved with liquid-liquid operations. The focus of this article is to investigate the removal and oxidation of p-cresol dissolved in toluene by aqueous-phase horseradish peroxidase. Contacting of the liquid-liquid biphasic enzyme system is carried out in an advanced solvent extraction contacting device, the electrically driven emulsion-phase contactor (EPC).
Learning spatial-semantic representations from natural language descriptions and scene classifications

We describe a semantic mapping algorithm that learns human-centric environment models by interpreting natural language utterances. Underlying the approach is a coupled metric, topological, and semantic representation of the environment that enables the method to fuse information from natural language descriptions with low-level metric and appearance data. We extend earlier work with a novel formulation that incorporates spatial layout into a topological representation of the environment. We also describe a factor graph formulation of the semantic properties that encodes human-centric concepts such as type and colloquial name for each mapped region. The algorithm infers these properties by combining the user’s natural language descriptions with imageand laser-based scene classification. We also propose a mechanism to more effectively ground natural language descriptions of distant regions using semantic cues from other modalities. We describe how the algorithm employs this learned semantic information to propose valid topological hypotheses, leading to more accurate topological and metric maps. We demonstrate that integrating language with other sensor data increases the accuracy of the achieved spatial-semantic representation of the environment.
Viewpoint 6 — characteristic aspects of GG sequences and the importance of constitutional properties for conformational entropies

Abstract Two consecutive syn-clinal or gauche torsional angles (GG sequence) in a chain of five atoms, A-B-C-D-E, are ubiquitous elements of structural chemistry, occurring in many cyclic and all helical structures. Recent MP2 calculations have shown that GG sequences in hydrocarbons are distinguished by a stabilizing cooperative energy increment that is not found for other torsional sequences, like trans-trans (TT), or trans-gauche (TG). This increment is connected with the ability of GG sequences to effect large changes (greater than 0.15A) in 1,5-nonbonded distances, between 1,5-CH3/CH3,1,5-CH2/CH2, and 1,5-CH2/CH3 groups in an attractive region of the van der Waals potential, by small changes (less than 5°) in torsional angles (τ). This feature is a specific example of the general phenomenon of the torsional sensitivity (TS) of conformations in structures with several sequential backbone torsional angles: TS is a measure of the extent to which non-bonded distances at a given point in torsional space, and their contributions to non-bonded potential energy, change with changes in backbone torsional angles. TS in a conformational region is high, when small amplitude torsional motions around a given point in torsional space lead to large changes in non-bonded distances and their contributions to non-bonded potential energy. TS is low, when non-bonds are not significantly affected by large amplitude torsional motions. A general analysis of the functional dependence of 1,5-non-bonded distances on torsional angles shows that, in n-pentane-like structures, there are two conformational regions of maximum TS in τ 1 = C1-C2-C3-C4, τ2 = C2-C3-C4-C5 space, situated at (τ1, τ2) equal to (+40°, +40°), or (−40°, −40°), and at (+90°, −90°) or (−90°, + 90°). The former is close to the GG region of hydrocarbons, ( + 60°, + 60°), and to the helical regions of peptides and proteins, (φ(N-Cα = −60° and Ψ(Cα - C') = −40°), while the latter is encountered in the C7eq region of peptides, (φ = −80° and Ψ = +80°). Minimum TS is found in the vicinity of (180°, 180°), i.e. in the TT region of hydrocarbons, and close to the C5- or β-regions of peptides (φ = −160°, Ψ = +160°). Thus, molecular conformations can be classified by their TS, i.e. by a constitutional property of their backbone torsional angles. This classification has physical significance because TS is related to conformational entropy. In regions of low TS on a conformational energy surface, potential energy wells are characteristically flat and conformational entropies large. Vice versa, in regions of high TS, potential wells are characteristically steep, and conformational entropies small. Thus, helical minima (GG sequences, high TS) in peptides are constitutionally steep, and the free energy advantages of extended forms in proteins over puckered forms, which have a lower internal energy, are to some extent manifestations of a constitutional property.
DSM-III and DSM-III-R Schizotypal Symptoms in Borderline Personality Disorder

The frequency of DSM-III and DSM-III-R schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) symptoms and diagnosis was explored in 39 inpatients classified as borderline by the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and 19 inpatient major depressive disorder (MDD) controls. Most SPD symptoms in all groups, except the nondepressed borderlines, derived from social-interpersonal items. By DSM-III, 24 borderlines (62%) but only six controls (32%) had cognitive-perceptual SPD symptoms (P = .03), whereas by DSM-III-R only 14 borderlines (36%) and seven controls (37%) had such symptoms. Of the 24 borderlines showing cognitive-perceptual symptoms, 16 also had MDD, a significant difference from the non-MDD borderlines (P = .04). This difference disappears in DSM-III-R. The results suggest that some SPD symptoms in borderlines may be related to a concurrent affective episode.
Gene Structure Prediction by Linguistic Methods

The higher-order structure of genes and other features of biological sequences can be described by means of formal grammars. These grammars can then be used by general-purpose parsers to detect and to assemble such structures by means of syntactic pattern recognition. We describe a grammar and parser for eukaryotic protein-encoding genes, which by some measures is as effective as current connectionist and combinatorial algorithms in predicting gene structures for sequence database entries. Parameters of the grammar rules are optimized for several different species, and mixing experiments are performed to determine the degree of species specificity and the relative importance of compositional, signal-based, and syntactic components in gene prediction. 24 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
The interaction between O2 and CO2 concentrations on the regulation of glycolate synthesis in tobacco leaf discs

Abstract The effect of O 2 and CO 2 concentrations on glycolate synthesis by tobacco leaf discs in the light differed greatly from the simple competitive kinetics observed with these two substrate inhibitors in the in vitro ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase reaction. Glycolate synthesis increased with increasing CO 2 concentrations to a maximum, and then was inhibited as the CO 2 level was raised further. The CO 2 concentration which results in optimal glycolate synthesis was dependent on the O 2 concentration. As the O 2 level was increased, the CO 2 concentration for maximal glycolate synthesis also increased. At O 2 levels of 3%, 21%, 60% and 100%, glycolate synthesis was greatest at 0%, 0.075%, 0.1% and 0.15% CO 2 , respectively. The reason for this anomolous behavior appears not to be related to the mechanism of glycolate synthesis but rather to the availability of glycolate precursors. Glyoxylate treatment in 21% O 2 lowered the maximum rate of glycolate synthesis from 69 to 38 μmol/g fresh wt/h and decreased the CO 2 concentration needed to attain this maximal rate from 0.075% to 0.025% CO 2 as if the O 2 content in the atmosphere were being lowered.
Who Cares What Others Think? the Indirect Effect of Others’ Attitudes on Condom Use Intentions

ABSTRACT. Objectives: Perceived norms and attitudes are generally theorized to independently influence intentions to engage in health behaviors. However, these two constructs may be interrelated and result in a more complex association with behavioral intentions. Perceived norms may also take an indirect path by influencing individuals’ attitudes, which guide intentions and behavior. The current studies sought to determine whether males' and females' attitudes toward condom use mediate the relation between perceived norms (i.e., perceptions of the opposite sex's attitude toward condom use) and condom use behavioral intentions. Methods: Two studies (N = 462 and N = 190, respectively) were conducted in which male and female college students completed questionnaires about their attitudes toward condom use, condom use intentions, condom use preparatory behavior, and perceptions of the opposite sex's condom use. Regression analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to test the proposed mediation model. Results...
Predictors of massive transfusion with thoracic aortic procedures involving deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

Objective Massive perioperative blood product transfusion may be required with thoracic aortic operations and is associated with poor outcomes. We analyzed independent predictors of massive transfusion in thoracic aortic surgical patients undergoing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods The study consisted of 168 consecutive patients undergoing open thoracic aortic procedures involving deep hypothermic circulatory arrest between July 2005 and August 2008. We identified 26 preoperative and procedural variables as potentially related to blood product use, tested for association with total blood products transfused by multivariate linear regression model, and constructed logistic regression model for massive transfusion (requiring ≥5 units of transfused packed red blood cells between incision and 48 postoperative hours). Results Multivariate linear regression determined that 6 significant variables accounted for 42% of variation in total blood products transfused: age ( P = .008), preoperative hemoglobin ( P = .04), weight ( P = .02), cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P P P P P = .0026), and emergency status (odds ratio, 4.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.53–10.55; P = .0047. Conclusions Cardiopulmonary bypass time, emergency status, and preoperative hemoglobin were independent predictors of massive transfusion. These variables, along with weight, age, and resternotomy, were associated with total blood product use in thoracic aortic operations involving deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Spatial distribution of the electric field induced in volume by round and figure '8' magnetic coils: relevance to activation of sensory nerve fibers.

Abstract The electric fields induced in finite homogeneous volume conductors by a round and a figure ‘8’ magnetic coil (MC) were measured and related to MC stimulation of the median nerve. The volume conductors, filled with isotonic saline, consisted of a large rectangular trough (‘unrestricted’) and a smaller trough, whose dimensions approximated human forearm (‘restricted’). Various MC orientations were applied to the volume conductor. Bipolar recordings were obtained with a coaxial electrode, which measured the voltage gradient between the exposed edge of the cable shield and the central wire at its tip, 1 cm distant (a linear probe). The probe was moved in 3 dimensions, allowing computer reconstruction of the electric field as a function of the 3 spatial axes. When the probe was parallel to the plane of the round MC and tangential to the direction of current in its windings, the induced electric field was maximal; it tended towards zero when the probe was over the center of the MC, or when the probe, remaining parallel to the plane of the MC, was radial (i.e., perpendicular) to the direction of the current in the windings. For a variety of MC orientations, the electric field was consistently increased when the probe was adjacent and parallel to the edge of the trough, indicating the important effect of boundaries. The electric field was greatly increased focally when the round MC was applied orthogonally to the volume conductor, or when the figure ‘8’ MC was applied tangentially (i.e., flat) to the volume conductor. With the figure ‘8’ MC, a sharp central peak parallel to the long axis was bounded on each side by smaller (less than half amplitude) peaks. The findings from physical modeling led to correct predictions as to the most effective orientations of round and figure ‘8’ MCs for eliciting sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) from the median nerve.
Facilitating Difficult Dialogues at the Intersections of Religious Privilege.

This chapter discusses ways student affairs professionals can use the privileged identity exploration model to facilitate difficult discussions at the intersections of religious privilege. Examples are given and practical suggestions offered on ways to create conditions for productive dialogue.
Genetic Variation Within Adrenergic Pathways Determines In Vivo Effects of Presynaptic Stimulation in Humans

Background— Catecholamines govern stress blood pressure responses. Catecholaminergic responses may be partially genetic and contribute to the complex heritability of hypertension. Methods and Results— To evaluate catecholaminergic responses without systemic counterregulation, we infused graded concentrations of tyramine, an indirect presynaptic norepinephrine releaser, into dorsal hand veins of 49 normotensive men and women of 5 ethnicities. Vascular responses were coupled to common (minor allele frequency >10%) single-nucleotide polymorphisms at adrenergic target loci within presynaptic pathways. Significance was set at P<0.003 after Bonferroni correction. Generalized analysis of molecular variance (GAMOVA) was performed to determine whether genetic admixture contributed to results. Venoconstriction progressed to 47% with increasing concentrations of tyramine (0.129 to 25.8 mmol/L; P<0.001). Family history of hypertension (P<0.001) and female sex (P=0.02) predicted blunted tyramine responses. Two genetic...
Curve Decomposition for Large Deflection Analysis of Fixed-Guided Beams With Application to Statically Balanced Compliant Mechanisms

Statically balanced compliant mechanisms require no holding force throughout their range of motion while maintaining the advantages of compliant mechanisms. In this paper, a postbuckled fixed-guided beam is proposed to provide the negative stiffness to balance the positive stiffness of a compliant mechanism. To that end, a curve decomposition modeling method is presented to simplify the large deflection analysis. The modeling method facilitates parametric design insight and elucidates key points on the force–deflection curve. Experimental results validate the analysis. Furthermore, static balancing with fixed-guided beams is demonstrated for a rectilinear proof-of-concept prototype.
Technology and Mechanization Today

The progress of technology, a wonderful display of human freedom, is largely about mechanization. My purpose is to describe, both critically and appreciatively, that progress in our time.
Electrodynamics in terms of functions over the groupSU(2). I. The equation of the vector potential

This is the first in a series of papers in which a method of harmonic analysis in terms of functions over the groupSU(2) is applied to the description of interaction between matter and the electromagnetic field. Carmeli'sSU(2) formulation of Maxwell's equations is extended to anSU(2) formulation of the equations for the electromagnetic vector potential. The four functions which describe the vector potential are expanded in a generalized Fourier series [SU(2) harmonic analysis] and the equations for the coefficients are derived. These equations are not independent of each other, but in a given order they can be solved consecutively one at a time.
Myocardial infarction during scuba diving: A case report and review

2. Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, et al. A randomized comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994;331:496-501. 3. Schatz RA, Balm DS, Leon M, et al. Clinical experience with the Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent: initial results of a multicenter study. Circulation 1991;83:148-61. 4. Serruys PW, Strauss BH, Beatt KJ, et al. Angiographic follow-up after placement of a self-expanding coronary artery stent. N Engl J Med 1991;324:13-7.
Rapid and sensitive procedure for assigning idiotypic determinants to heavy or light chains: Application to idiotopes associated with the major cross-reactive idiotype of A/J anti-phenylarsonate antibodies

A rapid and sensitive procedure is described for assigning idiotypic determinants to heavy or light polypeptide chains. Heavy and light chains are resolved by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The electrophoretically resolved polypeptides are then transferred to nitrocellulose filters. Filters containing bound heavy and light chains are incubated with 125I-labelled anti-idiotypic antibody, and idiotype-anti-idiotype reactivity visualized by autoradiography. This procedure is illustrated with three monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibodies which recognize determinants associated with the major cross-reactive idiotype family of A/J anti-phenylarsonate antibodies. All three anti-idiotopic antibodies are shown to react with electrophoretically resolved idiotype heavy chain, but not with idiotype light chain.
CareNet: an integrated wireless sensor networking environment for remote healthcare

CareNet is an integrated wireless sensor environment for remote healthcare that uses a two-tier wireless network and an extensible software platform. CareNet provides both highly reliable and privacy-aware patient data collection, transmission and access. This paper describes our system architecture, software development, and the results of our field studies.
Crowdsourcing IT Work: A Three-Fold Perspective from the Workers, Buyers, and Platform Providers

This paper will present a proposal for research in the area of crowdsourcing. The proposal will highlight the need for research in the area of crowdsourcing as a mechanism to enhance and expand the technology workforce. It does so by examining the technology crowdsourcing phenomenon from three perspectives: the worker (or labor supply), the buyer of technology services (or labor demand) and the marketplaces that facilitates the buyer-seller transaction. It will explore how workforce development and enterprise readiness theories can be applied in explaining how crowdsourcing can be applied to technology tasks. This dissertation will be structured in a three study format. Study one will explore the technology crowdsourcing phenomenon from a "crowdworker" perspective. This study will examine technology crowdwork from a career anchors perspective, and will highlight the potential role of crowdsourcing in expanding the technology workforce to additional sources of worker capacity. This study will establish the theories that describe the motivations and outcomes achieved by workers in crowdsourcing project engagements, and utilize Schein's Career Anchors (Schein 1990) to examine the motivations of workers technology enabled collaborative work environments. Study two will focus on the perceptions and readiness for crowdsourcing labor on the part of buyers of IT services. The research will collect survey data regarding enterprise readiness, and will examine the current state of enterprise readiness to adopt new development techniques. Study three will utilize a design science perspective to examine the ability of crowdsourcing marketplace platforms to meet the needs of IT service buyers and IT service workers as identified in Study's one and two.
Correcting capacitive displacement measurements in metrology applications with cylindrical artifacts

Metrology applications commonly require non-contact, capacitive sensors for displacement measurements due to their nanometer resolution. In some metrology applications, for example, the measurement of roundness and spindle error motion, the displacements of stationary and rotating cylindrical artifacts are measured. Error from using a conventionally calibrated sensor with a non-flat (e.g., cylindrical) target is typically neglected, but these errors cannot be ignored for nanometer-level accuracy. The capacitance between a sensor and a cylindrical target is less than that of a sensor with a flat target, which causes four effects. As the diameter of the target shrinks, the sensitivity of the sensor increases, the sensing range decreases, the sensing range shifts towards the target, and the nonlinearity increases. These errors can be greatly reduced by either calibrating sensors with the correct target surface or by determining corrections for post-processing data. This paper quantifies and experimentally verifies these errors for a commonly used sensor, and a simulation of a nanometer-level measurement of out-of-roundness and spindle error motion demonstrates that measurement accuracy is improved with corrected sensitivities.
Excised Barley root uptake of several 14C labeled organic compounds

Many organic pollutants potentially are available for uptake by plants and thus bioaccumulation and food contamination. One method of studying uptake is with excised roots, a technique extensively used with plant nutrients. A similar method was developed and used to evaluate uptake patterns of several 14C-labeled organic chemicals. Uptake rate constants for the chemicals tested occurred in the following order: captan ≃ phenol > aniline > ethanol ≃ indole ≃ trifluralin ≃ propanil > 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) > nitrobenzene ≃ atrazine > bromacil > simazine > monuron.
Training intraphonemic discrimination of /r/−/l/

To assess the extent to which adults can discriminate intraphonemic differences in place-of-articulation, we gave 4 subjects extensive training on a synthetic rock-lock series, using a same-different discrimination task. Transfer of training was evaluated using oddity discrimination tests of the training series and an acoustically dissimilar rake-lake series. Performance during training showed gradual improvement in intraphonemic perception, with asymptotic performance well below 100% accuracy. Oddity discrimination improved for the rock-lock stimuli, but not for the rake-lake series, suggesting that learning was specific to the acoustic parameters of the training stimuli. Distinctions between auditory, phonetic, and phonemic modes of speech perception are discussed.
Are endogenous neural stem cells of hematopoietic origin

Endogenous neural stem cells have been identified in diverse areas of the adult mammalian central nervous system including the subventricular zone, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These cells have been demonstrated to participate actively in postnatal neurogenesis in restricted territories within the adult brain. They have further been characterized as having a committed neural fate in vivo, capable of generating neurons, astroglia and oligodendroglia. Endogenous CNS stem cells, when cultured in vitro, have been shown to have a much broader potential, capable of differentiating into diverse tissues such as blood, muscle, bone and kidney. Conversely, stem cells taken from other organs and grown in vitro have been demonstrated to differentiate into neurons, and hematopoietic stem cells injected intravenously have been shown to migrate into mature CNS, and differentiate into neurons. We have previously reported the mobilization of endogenous neural stem cells in vivo. Further work to determine if the stem cells so mobilized may include hematopoietic stem cells is reported here. Using immunohistochemical localization of antigens known to be present on primitive hematopoietic stem cells, or antigens present on neural stem cells, we report the presence of cells closely resembling hematopoietic stem cells in the mature CNS whose response to a mobilization paradigm is similar to that of endogenous neural stem cells. We further propose a lineage relationship between primitive hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells.
The formulation of an effective demulsifier for oil spill emulsions

Abstract The formation of stable sea water-in-crude oil emulsions after an oil spill was first reported after the Torrey Canyon wreck in 1967. The problem of handling this stable water (65%)-in-oil (35%) emulsion rather than oil is evidenced in the additional expensive on-site storage requirement as well as the handling difficulty with the viscous semi-solid emulsion. This paper details the results of an R&D program that has established the mechanism for the formation of this emulsion. This insight enabled a specific effective chemical demulsifier to be formulated. A treatment technique was devised that entails injecting the demulsifier into the oil spill emulsion as it is skimmed from the water surface. The emulsion is then rapidly separated into water-free oil and a clean-water phase that can be decanted back into the sea. Full-scale tests were successfully conducted by JBF Scientific Corp. using two types of commercial JBF DIP skimmers in a small concrete lined pond.
Phosphorus digestibility and energy concentration of enzyme-treated and conventional soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P and the concentration of DE and ME in enzyme-treated soybean meal (SBM) and in conventional soybean meal (SBM-CV). Phosphorus digestibility in 2 enzyme-treated SBM (HP-310 and HP-340) and in SBM-CV was measured using 36 barrows (initial BW: 21.9 ± 1.1 kg) that were housed in metabolism cages and randomly allotted to 6 diets with 6 replicates per diet. During production, HP-310 had been treated with an enzyme mixture containing no phytase, whereas HP-340 was treated with an enzyme mixture that contained exogenous phytase. Three diets containing HP-310, HP-340, or SBM-CV as the sole source of P were formulated. Three additional diets also contained HP-310, HP-340, and SBM-CV, but each of these diets was fortified with 500 units of microbial phytase. The ATTD of P in HP-310 and SBM-CV increased (P 0.05; 83.8 and 87.7%, respectively). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the ATTD of P between HP-310 and SBM-CV, but the ATTD of P in HP-340 was greater (P 0.05), but they were greater (P 0.05). It is concluded that enzyme treatment of SBM does not influence the digestibility of P or the concentration of DE and ME in the meals.
Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) regulates proinflammatory activation of monocytes.

The mechanisms regulating activation of monocytes remain incompletely understood. Herein we provide evidence that Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) inhibits proinflammatory activation of monocytes. In vitro, KLF2 expression in monocytes is reduced by cytokine activation or differentiation. Consistent with this observation, KLF2 expression in circulating monocytes is reduced in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions such as coronary artery disease. Adenoviral overexpression of KLF2 inhibits the LPS-mediated induction of proinflammatory factors, cytokines, and chemokines and reduces phagocytosis. Conversely, short interfering RNA-mediated reduction in KLF2 increased inflammatory gene expression. Reconstitution of immunodeficient mice with KLF2-overexpressing monocytes significantly reduced carrageenan-induced acute paw edema formation. Mechanistically, KLF2 inhibits the transcriptional activity of both NF-κB and activator protein 1, in part by means of recruitment of transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP-associated factor. These observations identify KLF2 as a novel negative regulator of monocytic activation.
Hitherto undescribed neurological manifestations of digitalis toxicity.

Abstract 1. 1. Ten patients with unusual neurological manifestations of digitalis toxicity are presented. 2. 2. Neuralgic type of symptoms were noted in approximately 9 per cent of patients receiving a toxic dose of a digitalis preparation. 3. 3. The high incidence of neurological manifestations of toxicity has not previously been appreciated. 4. 4. Neurological symptoms may be the earliest, the most severe, and the sole manifestations of digitalis intoxication.
Guide to Community Preventive Services: harnessing the science.

is a cause-and-effect world, our scientific focus in public health is on understanding the causes that impact on health and measuring their effects. Led by the example set by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which in 1988 issued the first edition of its landmark Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2 increasingly the medical community is making evidence-based medicine the standard. The surprise has been to find out how much of what we had accepted as good clinical practice, was in fact not based on evidence that stood up to scientific scrutiny. The impact of these new inquiries on clinical care is already evident in the reduction of over-use and misuse procedures and in the narrowing of the spectrum of care given. The Guide to Community Preventive Services brings public health to the same level of scientific scrutiny with evidence-based recommendations for community prevention services. This, in turn, holds promise for an improvement in the public health care given but also for a narrowing of the spectrum of public health care provided. Some reactions to this development are: First, it is a good change that should be supported, encouraged, and continued. It will lead to surprises. Some of our cherished beliefs will turn out to be unfounded and many of our accepted practices will be found to lack adequate study of effectiveness. For example, there is insufficient evidence that community education programs for immunization are good investments compared to other immunization expenditures. Having said that, we do not know if they are not useful or whether they have been inadequately measured. But the point is that this helps us to know which practices are based on some level of evidence and which practices warrant more study.
Equivalence of optimal control problems and the use of parameterization methods

A notion of equivalence for optimal control synthesis problems is defined and partially characterized. If the dynamical constraint satisfies certain well-known conditions, a solution can be obtained by solving a related problem involving a linear constraint. The linearity can be exploited when using functional approximation techniques to obtain a solution. A class of interpolating polynomials is suggested that possess certain characteristics that make them useful when solving the equivalent problem by one of the mathematical programming methodologies. >
Power MOSFETs, IGBTs, and thyristors in SiC: Optimization, experimental results, and theoretical performance

In this paper we present recent experimental results on SiC MOSFETs, IGBTs, and thyristors, and propose a consistent methodology for comparing unipolar and bipolar power devices as a function of blocking voltage and switching frequency.
A cloud-based intrusion detection and response system for mobile phones

As smart mobile phones, so called smartphones, are getting more complex and more powerful to efficiently provide more functionalities, concerns are increasing regarding security threats against the smartphone users. Since smart-phones use the same software architecture as in PCs, they are vulnerable to similar classes of security risks such as viruses, trojans, and worms [6]. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based smartphone-specific intrusion detection and response engine, which continuously performs an in-depth forensics analysis on the smartphone to detect any misbehavior. In case a misbehavior is detected, the proposed engine decides upon and takes optimal response actions to thwart the ongoing attacks. Despite the computational and storage resource limitations in smartphone devices, The engine can perform a complete and in-depth analysis on the smartphone, since all the investigations are carried out on an emulated device in a cloud environment.