cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Industry structure, performance and stability

This paper looks at the issue once more of whether there is a statistically significant relationship between industry structure and economic performance. Tempered by the results of a test for structural stability, it is suggested that judicious choice of the industries included in the sample used to estimate the hypothesized relationship will lead to any desired result. As a consequence, one must be cautious in accepting the results of any study that unequivocally purports to show the presence or absence of an identifiable relationship between industry structure and industry performance.
Exogenous estradiol enhances apoptosis in regressing post-partum rat corpora lutea possibly mediated by prolactin

In pregnant rats, structural luteal regression takes place after parturition and is associated with cell death by apoptosis. We have recently shown that the hormonal environment is responsible for the fate of the corpora lutea (CL). Changing the levels of circulating hormones in post-partum rats, either by injecting androgen, progesterone, or by allowing dams to suckle, was coupled with a delay in the onset of apoptosis in the CL. The objectives of the present investigation were: i) to examine the effect of exogenous estradiol on apoptosis of the rat CL during post-partum luteal regression; and ii) to evaluate the post-partum luteal expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) genes. In a first experiment, rats after parturition were separated from their pups and injected daily with vehicle or estradiol benzoate for 4 days. On day 4 post-partum, animals were sacrificed, blood samples were taken to determine serum concentrations of hormones, and the ovaries were isolated to study apoptosis in situ. In a second experiment, non-lactating rats after parturition received vehicle, estradiol benzoate or estradiol benzoate plus bromoergocryptine for 4 days, and their CL were isolated and used to study apoptosis ex vivo. In a third experiment, we obtained CL from rats on day 15 of pregnancy and from non-lactating rats on day 4 post-partum, and studied the expression of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the ERalpha and ERbeta genes. Exogenous administration of estradiol benzoate induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells within the CL on day 4 post-partum when compared with animals receiving vehicle alone. Animals treated with the estrogen had higher serum prolactin and progesterone concentrations, with no changes in serum androstenedione. Administration of bromoergocryptine blocked the increase in serum prolactin and progesterone concentrations, and DNA fragmentation induced by the estrogen treatment. ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs were expressed in CL of day 4 post-partum animals at levels similar to those found in CL of day 15 pregnant animals. We have established that estradiol accelerates apoptosis in the CL during post-partum luteal regression through a mechanism that possibly involves the secretion of pituitary prolactin. We have also shown that the post-partum rat CL express ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs suggesting that they can be targeted by estrogen.
Volume and biomass of trees in central Amazonia : influence of irregularly shaped and hollow trunks

Abstract Conventional measurements of diameter, basal area and volume of the bole assume that any cross section of the bole is circular and that the bole is a solid of revolution. These assumptions lead to error when the bole is irregularly shaped and/or hollow. These errors were quantified for trees in central Amazonia after adjusting the number of trees sampled in each class based on the diameter distribution of a large inventory. For large trees (DBH ≥50 cm) total basal area was overestimated by 30%, while the overestimate was 11% for all trees with DBH ≥5 cm. The total bole volume per hectare was overestimated by 11.2% (∼40 m3/ha). Most of this volume correction is attributed to the non-circular form of the cross section; the effect of hollow areas on the volume of the bole was only 0.7%. For trees above 31.8 cm DBH, which is the minimum diameter in the Projeto RADAMBRASIL inventories, the volume per hectare was overestimated by 4.4% using conventional measurements. Because of compensating errors in commonly used formulas, however, the volume overestimate associated with conventional methods does not imply biomass overestimation in studies that have used the RADAMBRASIL dataset.
Effect of Cu Content on Corrosion Behavior of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys

The corrosion behavior of 7xxx aluminum alloys with various Cu content was investigated using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Two breakdown potentials were found in Cu-containing alloys in deaerated chloride solution, and the values increased logarithmically with increasing Cu content. However, in aerated chloride solution, polarization resistance as determined by EIS decreased with increasing Cu content. The first breakdown potential corresponded to transient dissolution associated with attack of the fine hardening particles and the surrounding solid solution in a thin surface layer. The second breakdown potential was associated with combined intergranular and selective grain attack. The correlation between the microstructure, especially Cu content, and corrosion behavior was made by composition analysis of the grain boundary regions including precipitate free zone and grain boundary precipitates as well as the matrix by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The corrosion potential increased with increasing alloy Cu content in aerated chloride solutions because of enhanced rates of oxygen reduction. This degraded the corrosion resistance despite the increase in the breakdown potentials with Cu content.
Demonstration and Characterization of Bipolar Monolithic Integrated Circuits in 4H-SiC

A monolithic bipolar integrated circuit technology employing transistor-transistor logic (TTL) is demonstrated in 4H-SiC for the first time. Operating on a 15-V power supply, as required by the higher base-emitter voltage of SiC bipolar transistors, TTL inverters with a fan-out of ten exhibit high-level noise margin (NMH) of 1.5 V and low-level noise margin (NML,) of 3.9 V at room temperature. The transient response of the fabricated SiC TTL gates is also characterized. The circuits operate satisfactorily from room temperature to above 300degC, suggesting that SiC bipolar integrated circuits are promising candidates for high-temperature applications.
Public–private models for lunar development and commerce☆

Abstract Visions about the establishment of a lunar base and development of the Moon for scientific, technical and commercial ends have been on the political agenda since the beginning of the Space Age. In the past few years a number of spacefaring nations, including the USA, European states through ESA, Japan, India, China and Russia have proposed missions directed at the robotic and human exploration and development of the Moon. This paper argues that an important factor in advancing these missions lies in a partnership between the pubic, governmental sector and the private sector. The paper analyzes the dynamics of this partnership as applied to the case of the US Vision for Space Exploration. The results of the analysis suggest that public–private partnerships directed at lunar development and commerce depend on how government reduces risks for the private sector. The risks identified and discussed herein include political and legal risks, technological risks, and financial and market risks.
Disseminated Ureaplasma infection as a cause of fatal hyperammonemia in humans

Hyperammonemia syndrome is a fatal complication affecting immunosuppressed patients. Frequently refractory to treatment, it is characterized by progressive elevations in serum ammonia of unknown etiology, ultimately leading to cerebral edema and death. In mammals, ammonia produced during amino acid metabolism is primarily cleared through the hepatic production of urea, which is eliminated in the kidney. Ureaplasma species, commensals of the urogenital tract, are Mollicutes dependent on urea hydrolysis to ammonia and carbon dioxide for energy production. We hypothesized that systemic infection with Ureaplasma species might pose a unique challenge to human ammonia metabolism by liberating free ammonia resulting in the hyperammonemia syndrome. We used polymerase chain reaction, specialized culture, and molecular resistance profiling to identify systemic Ureaplasma infection in lung transplant recipients with hyperammonemia syndrome, but did not detect it in any lung transplant recipients with normal ammonia concentrations. Administration of Ureaplasma-directed antimicrobials to patients with hyperammonemia syndrome resulted in biochemical and clinical resolution of the disorder. Relapse in one patient was accompanied by recurrent Ureaplasma bacteremia with antimicrobial resistance. Our results provide evidence supporting a causal relationship between Ureaplasma infection and hyperammonemia, suggesting a need to test for this organism and provide empiric antimicrobial treatment while awaiting microbiological confirmation.
Sagnac-type fiber-optic array sensor for detection of bulk ultrasonic waves

In this paper, we describe a fiber optic array sensor suitable for detection of bulk ultrasonic waves. This sensor is based on an intrinsic fiber optic Sagnac interferometer. The fiber array is formed by multiple folding of a continuous length of an optical fiber into flat coils. Depending on the orientation of the fiber array with respect to the ultrasonic wave, the proposed sensor can act as a conventional in-phase detector or as a narrowband detector. In the narrowband mode, the center frequency of detection can be tuned by adjusting the spacing of the fiber array elements to be equal to the ultrasonic wavelength of interest. This feature distinguishes this array sensor from conventional hydrophones in which a receiver is typically much smaller than the acoustical wavelength. It is shown that the array sensor provides an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with a single element detection scheme. Results are presented for detection of ultrasonic waves in water arising from both piezoelectric and laser ultrasonic sources. Potential areas of application of this sensor include process monitoring, smart structures, bio-medical ultrasound, and chemical sensing.
Defining the outcomes of teacher education: what's social justice got to do with it?

In the context of escalating criticism of university‐based teacher education across the world, a clear need exists for informed defence of the field and the profession as well as critical evaluation of both teacher education and schooling. This paper takes up the issue of the ‘outcomes question’ in this regard, arguing the case for a strong focus on social justice as the necessary complement to an ongoing concern with academic excellence and rigor. It argues the need for teacher educators and others to look closely at the different ways that educational outcomes are currently being defined and for these differences to be made more openly and widely available for criticism and discussion. The paper seeks to contribute to debate regarding the role and renewal of teacher education, in specific relation to widespread standards movements and the public good, and the conduct and governance of education more generally.
Public perceptions of the USDA Forest Service public participation process

Abstract Social conflicts over the management of natural resources are increasing. An informative example of these conflicts is the debate over the management of the USDA Forest Service National Forests. Despite sincere efforts by the US Forest Service to improve modes of public involvement, the contentiousness and frequency of conflict continues to escalate. This is manifest in the high number of administrative appeals on forest plans and projects. The study used a nationwide survey of 178 appellants of Forest Service management decisions to examine participant perceptions of the public participation process. The results establish that public participants who appeal agency decisions are dissatisfied with the equity of the public participation process. We also investigated differences in satisfaction levels based on interest group and the degree to which participants were involved in the process. The results indicate that participants desire more collaborative approaches to public participation, but are not always willing to adequately engage in the process, often choosing to meet their objectives through reactive, conflict-based means.
Yttrium Segregation and YAG Precipitation at Surfaces of Yttrium- Doped α-A12O3

Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering were used to assess surface composition of yttrium-doped polycrystalline and single-crystal α-aluminas which were heated under vacuum to temperatures above 1500°C. Extensive surface and intergranular precipitation of yttrium aluminum garnet was observed in a compact of nominal Y content of 210 wt ppm, while apparent Y segregation to surface cation sites predominated in a second compact with a Y content of 160 wt ppm. In the latter case, the segregation enthalpy of yttrium to the alumina surface in the temperature range 1700° to 1900°C was estimated to be of the order –44 kJ/mol with a maximum surface cation site occupancy of ∼13%.
Statistical dependence through common risk factors: With applications in uncertainty analysis

A model for building statistical dependence between marginal distribution with bounded support is discussed. The model is geared towards elicitation of dependence parameters through expert judgment. The resulting joint distribution may be useful in uncertainty analyses where dependence between random variables with a bounded support is present due to common risk factors, such as, e.g., in the classical Project Evaluation and Review Technique.
DIVISION OF INSTRUMENTATION: EVALUATION OF OPTICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH*

The elegance and efficacy of optical methods rest upon their utilization of beams of photons as the finest available means of probing the objects under study. It is convenient to view optical observations and measurements as interactions among object, instruments, and subject, resulting in the transfer of a finite amount of information. Thus, the optical evaluation of instruments and methods becomes a search for the best way of effecting this transfer.
NEW GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES FOR MODELLED PLANAR VIBRATION

A novel analysis is used to identify new geometric properties for a seemingly well-known model - the linear vibration of an elastically suspended rigid body in planar motion. Vibrationcentersdescribethemodesshapesandareshowntobecon? ¸ · ~ ± ° ¸
Size Effect Mechanism on Foil Rolling Analyzed by Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method

A novel computational model is presented for the representation of polycrystalline grain structures and crystal plasticity finite element model are used to investigate size effect due to grain orientation and number of grains through the thickness, in term of activity of slip system, roll force and the scatter involved. It is predicted that increasing the number of grains through the thickness has detrimental effects on mechanical performance. It is clear from the current study that foil thickness significantly influences the deformation heterogeneity which leads to non-uniform distributions of strain and the inhomogeneous slip systems active in the cold rolled samples. It is found that the decrease of roll force and slip systems activities in surface grains are caused by the increasing of free surface grain effect when the thickness is decreased.
Significance of Extensional Flow in Processing of Rubbers

Abstract Simple shear is the customary mode of deformation for the study of rheology. Simple shear measurements can be done by means of a variety of laboratory instruments such as shearing disks, concentric cylinders, or capillary rheometers. The results so obtained have been successfully used to predict the flow of fluids through tubes and some more complex processes, like extrusion and certain aspects of mixing. However, simple shear experiments do not provide all the information necessary to describe processability of polymers. In particular they are totally unrelated to phenomena of extrusion shrinkage (die swell), extrusion appearance (melt fracture), or crumbling on the mill. A better understanding of these phenomena can be obtained by examining polymers in simple extensional flow.
Why I Sculpt: A Law Professor Makes Peace With Dyslexia

By the 1980s, when dyslexia came to my attention, I had succeeded in a career dependent on word skill - practicing and teaching law. This ruled out my being dyslexic. Or so I thought until a quarter century later, at my 45th college reunion, when I was drawn to a lecture, "Dyslexia and Creativity: Two Sides of the Same Coin."
Mechanistic Study of Copper Electropolishing

Electropolishing of copper in phosphoric acid was investigated through mathematical modeling, using a model based on thermodynamics and transport theory. The electropolishing process consists of two distinct regimes: the copper-accumulation regime and the salt-film-growth regime. The concentrations of cupric ion and a certain anion at the anode surface increase in the first regime as a result of transport limitations, until the saturation level of a certain cupric salt is reached. In the second regime, the salt film forms and grows on the anode surface because of thermodynamic requirements. The model can be used to calculate the onset point of film formation, the growth rate of the film, and the thickness of the film.
In Situ Synthesis of Single-Phase Skutterudite Thin Films (CoSb3 and IrSb3) by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Recent advances in doping and substitutional alloying of bulk skutterudite phases based on the CoAs3 structure have yielded compositions with high thermoelectric figures-of-merit (“ZT”). It is postulated that further enhancements in ZT may be attained in artificially-structured skutterudites by engineering the microstructure to enhance carrier mobility while suppressing the phonon component of the thermal conductivity. This work describes the growth of single-phase skutterudite thin films (CoSb3 and IrSb3) by pulsed laser deposition. A substrate temperature of 250°C has been found to be optimal for the deposition of the skutterudites from stoichiometric targets. Above this temperature, the film is depleted of antimony due to its high vapor pressure. However, when films are grown from antimony-rich targets, the substrate temperature can be increased to at least 350°C without losing the skutterudite phase. Films from both target types were characterized with X-ray diffraction and Rutherford-Back-Scattering (RBS) to reveal structure and stoichiometry. Some preliminary electrical measurements will also be shown.
Quality Control in Hematology

Successful implementation of an appropriate quality assurance plan is essential to quality patient care. An appropriate quality assurance plan for a hematology laboratory addresses and assures quality at preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic steps, and its success depends upon the cooperative efforts of all those involved in patient care.
Dedicated extremity MR imaging of the knee: how low can you go?

SUMMARY Even at the present state of development, comparative studies are unable to confirm a large difference between 0.2-T and 1.5-T scanning when diagnostic performance, rather than physics parameters, are evaluated. In the cost-conscious economic market, the balance shifts dramatically in favor of lower-cost technology when diagnostic utility is nearly identical. Each user must decide how much (if any) decrement in diagnostic accuracy can be accepted in the name of improved flexibility and cost effectiveness in medical imaging. One thing is certain, however: dedicated extremity MR technology will only continue to improve.
The ethical implications of the Daoist world view

ABSTRACTDaoist ethics are difficult to pinpoint in a Western ethical framework. At times classic Daoist texts advocate for certain ways of life over others, yet at other times they rebel against the notions of right and wrong. This attitude about right and wrong, leads some to believe that Daoists are moral relativists who believe that right and wrong are merely an arbitrary valuing within the mind and that there is no justification for external moral critique. Others believe that there is a Daoist ethic, but it advocates only not acting, in the literal sense, when we are faced with ethical choices. This paper attempts to show a coherent, universal ethic that can be inferred from a close reading of these texts.
Biology and Diseases of Mice

Today’s laboratory mouse, Mus musculus, has its origins as the ‘house mouse’ of North America and Europe. Beginning with mice bred by mouse fanciers, laboratory stocks (outbred) derived from M. musculus musculus from eastern Europe and M. m. domesticus from western Europe were developed into inbred strains. Since the mid-1980s, additional strains have been developed from Asian mice (M. m. castaneus from Thailand and M. m. molossinus from Japan) and from M. spretus which originated from the western Mediterranean region.
Direct correlation between local stoichiometry and optoelectronic properties in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films

As solution-processed organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells continue to climb, reports of device instability and variability have motivated fundamental studies of microscale inhomogeneities in these materials. In this work, we study device-relevant CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films using cathodoluminescence in scanning transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to directly correlate local stoichiometric fluctuations with spatial variations in cathodoluminescence intensity. Further, we observe the emergence of localized large bandgap regions in the CH3NH3PbI3 films attributed to electron beam-induced iodide redistribution, which may reflect the impacts of ion migration during device operation. This work demonstrates the fundamental impacts of ion migration/segregation on local optoelectronic properties of organic-inorganic perovskite films.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and the Decline and Survival of the Relict Leopard Frog

Epizootic disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a major driver of amphibian declines, yet many amphibians declined before the pathogen was described. The Relict Leopard Frog, Rana onca (=Lithobates onca), was nearly extinct, with the exception of populations within a few geothermal springs. Growth of Bd, however, is limited by high water temperature, and geothermal springs may have provided refuge during outbreaks of chytridiomycosis. We conducted field surveys and laboratory experiments to assess the susceptibility of R. onca to Bd. In the field, we found Bd at one of the two areas where remnant populations of R. onca still occur, but not in the other. In the laboratory, we infected juvenile frogs from these two areas with two hypervirulent Bd isolates associated with declines in other ranid species. In our experiments, these Bd isolates did not affect survivorship of R. onca and most infections (64%) were cleared by the end of the experiments. We propose that R. onca either has inherent resistance to Bd or has recently evolved such resistance. These results may be important for conservation efforts aimed at establishing new populations of R. onca across a landscape where Bd exists. Resistance, however, varies among life stages, and we also did not assess Bd from the local environment. We caution that the resistance we observed for young frogs under laboratory conditions may not translate to the situation for R. onca in the wild.
Platelet factors and the human vascular wall. Part 2. Such factors are not required for endothelial cell proliferation and migration.

Abstract The effects of platelet factors on human umbilical venous endothelial cell DNA-synthesis at various serum concentrations were studied. While [3H]thymidine uptake of these cells was almost linearly related to the concentration of serum in the culture medium, no significant differences were found at any serum level between cultures treated with sera derived from either platelet-rich or platelet-poor plasma. The role of platelet factors in cellular migration into standardized mechanical “wounds” was also investigated following inhibition of the proliferative response by irradiation of endothelial monolayers. Repopulation of such “wounds” was not affected by platelet factors. We conclude that endothelial cells proliferate and migrate in vitro independently of platelet factors.
Adolescent Offenders' Qualitative Reflections on Desistance From Crime

Although many young offenders desist from crime during adolescence, little is known about this process. This study used a qualitative approach to elucidate adolescent offenders' experiences in desisting from crime. Thirty-nine male adolescent offenders (Mage = 16.59 years) participated in a semistructured interview about the desistance process. One of four themes characterized adolescents' reflections on their own desistance: having a psychological reorientation, reacting to consequences, persisting, or being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Adolescents discussed five agentic moves they make to facilitate desistance: seeking and maintaining supportive relationships, navigating peer groups, working toward long-term goals, structuring time, and finding sanctuaries from the outside. These findings highlight adolescents' strengths, resources, and active role in desisting from crime.
Phase I study of AZD1775 with radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) and evaluation of intratumoral drug distribution (IDD) in patients with recurrent GBM.

2005Background: The standard of care treatment for newly diagnosed GBM is maximal safe surgical resection followed by two DNA damaging agents, RT and TMZ. Cellular response to DNA damage involves c...
Improving Value in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: The Role of High Volume Hospitals

Abstract Background Recent healthcare reform efforts have focused on improving the quality of total joint replacement care while reducing overall costs. The purpose of this study is to determine if higher volume centers have lower costs and better outcomes than lower volume hospitals. Methods We queried the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Inpatient Charge Data and identified 2702 hospitals that performed a total of 458,259 primary arthroplasty procedures in 2014. Centers were defined as low (performing Results Of all the hospitals, 1263 (47%) hospitals were classified as low volume and performed 60,895 (12%) TJA cases. Higher volume hospitals had lower mean total hospital-specific charges ($56,323 vs $60,950, P P P = .015), and a better CMS hospital star rating (3.14 vs 2.89, P P Conclusion Hospitals that perform
Ensemble Convolution Neural Network with a Simple Voting Method for Lung Tumor Detection

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Approximately 225,000 people each year are diagnosed with lung cancer in the US alone. Early detection is a crucial part of giving patients the best chance of recovery. Current methods suffer from high false positive rates. Deep learning gives us an opportunity to increase the accuracy of the automated initial diagnosis. Here we present an ensemble of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) that is built from two individual CNNs: one uses unprocessed images and the other images smoothed with a Gaussian filter. The ensemble method decreases the number of false positives in the automated labeling of the scans using a voting system. If both CNNs have the same output, a negative (0) or a positive (1) cancer prediction, the voting system outputs that prediction. However, if the CNNs do not have the same output then the voting system outputs a negative (0) prediction. Our ensemble method has an average accuracy of 85.91% and false positive rate of 0.50%. This is a decrease in the false positive rate of approximately 99.47% from current methods. This is a great improvement over the currently used methods and shows that our method has promise as an initial diagnosis technique.
The Mayo Technique for Vaginal Hysterectomy

The Mayo technique for vaginal hysterectomy incorporates basic principles of surgery that promote safety and efficiency and help to decrease postoperative complications. The technique has been refined and modified over time to minimize the risk of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (enterocele).
Abstract 19338: Sustained Release of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes From Shear-Thinning Hydrogel Improves Angiogenesis and Promotes Function After Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Previous studies showed that administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into ischemic myocardium improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). A growing body ...
Parent-Teacher Conference Communication: A Guide to Integrating Family Engagement through Simulated Conversations about Student Academic Progress.

Teachers regularly communicate with families, yet few candidates are well-prepared for this professional activity. This gap can hinder family–school partnership and pupils’ success. Given that cand...
Molecular analysis of cytoplasmic genetic variation in Holstein cows.

Mitochondrial DNA from Holstein maternal lineages implicated to express cytoplasmic genetic effects on lactation traits was subcloned and screened for molecular polymorphisms. Sixteen of 35 lineages sampled differed from the most common mitochondrial DNA form by at least one restriction endonuclease cleavage site in the 4.3 kilobase segment examined. Variation existed in the region that regulates DNA replication and transcription as well as in transfer and ribosomal ribonucleic acid coding regions of the DNA. The index of nucleotide diversity calculated from polymorphism frequencies indicated that the minimum extent of variation between two random lineages was 1.16 x 10(-4) nucleotide differences per base pair in the segment examined. Presence of a HpaII marker near nucleotide 360 was associated with lower (P less than .001) milk fat percentages. Molecular markers indicated that pedigrees may not be sufficient to separate true cytoplasmic lineages for quantitative genetic analyses. These findings provide a molecular genetic basis for further study of cytoplasmic effects on phenotypic variation in Holstein cattle.
The Clinical Relevance of Divergence in Adolescent–Parent Reports of Adolescent Depression and Anxiety

This study examines associations between adolescent problem behaviors and adolescent–parent disagreement in ratings of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. Adolescent–parent dyads (N = 463; mean age = 12.68 years; 48.5% female; 78.2% White and 21.8% non-White) reported on adolescent depression and anxiety using parallel scales from the Youth Self Report (Achenbach et al., J Emot Behav Disord 10:194–203, 2002) and the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach and Rescorla, The manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles, University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, 2001) across four waves. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between discrepancy scores and adolescent behavioral outcomes: incidence of adolescent past-year substance use (alcohol use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and nonmedical use of controlled medications), delinquency, self-harm behavior, and aggression. Findings showed that larger adolescent–parent divergence scores of depression were associated with higher odds of marijuana use, non-medical use of controlled medications, alcohol use, binge drinking, in-school delinquency, illegal behavior, self-harm behavior, and clinically significant levels of aggressive behavior. Results further revealed that larger divergence scores on anxiety were associated with higher odds of in-school delinquency, illegal behavior, self-harm behavior, and clinically significant levels of aggressive behavior. Adolescent–parent reporting discrepancy on adolescent’s depression and anxiety symptoms may be indicative of adolescent’s social, emotional, and behavioral problems, and the disagreement may signal further need for assessment of the adolescent.
Chapter 7 – Animal Models of Disease States

Animal models are a key component of drug discovery and development. In order for a compound to be even considered for clinical studies, in vivo efficacy in an accepted animal model must be demonstrated. All animal models are not created equally, however, as some recapitulate the disease (homologous models), while others merely mimic the symptomology (isomorphic models). In cases where the disease or condition does not naturally occur in animals, predictive models that can be correlated to the human condition have been established. The development of transgenic technologies has greatly enhanced the number of available animal models, providing both a wealth of opportunity to explore the in vivo impact of candidate compounds, but at the same time a staggering array of possible models. An exploration of selected examples in neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and oncology provides insight into the selection of the proper animal model.
Laser Cooling of Crystalline Yb: YAG and Yb: KYW

Laser cooling of a 3% Yb:YAG crystal by 4K is achieved under ambient temperature and pressure conditions in an open lab environment and laser cooling of 1% Yb:KYW is reported for the first time.
Gut microbiota fermentation and inflammasome responses determine the effects of dietary fiber on intestinal inflammation

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), major microbial fermentation products of dietary fiber in the gut, are shown to improve gut health. We hypothesized that soluble fiber (inulin and pectin) which are more accessible for microbiota fermentation may offer more pronounced mucoprotection than insoluble fiber (cellulose) in a murine model of chronic colitis. WT (BL6) mice receiving dietary cellulose exhibited robust colitis upon IL-10R neutralization as examined by serological, biochemical, histological and immunological parameters. Similar results were observed in colitis-prone toll-like receptor 5 knockout ( Tlr5 KO) mice. Surprisingly, prebiotic fiber inulin failed to protect against colitis in both WT and Tlr5 KO mice. Remarkably, pectin ameliorates colitis development. GC-MS analysis of cecal content revealed that cecal butyrate, an inflammasome (NLRP3) response modulator in the gut, was augmented in inulin-fed colitic mice. Serum cytokine analysis showed that dietary inulin elevated IL-18, but diminished the IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra). On the flip side, dietary pectin reduced IL-18 and augmented sIL-1Ra. More importantly, suppressing butyrate production by metronidazole, which specifically depletes the butyrate producers in the gut, protected the mice from chronic colitis, suggesting that SCFAs-inflammasome axis shapes the beneficial effects of dietary fiber on the gut health. Collectively, mitigation of chronic colitis by dietary pectin can be partly explained by reduced cecal butyrate and elevated IL-1β inhibitor, sIL-1Ra. A detailed mechanistic study on how pectin-derived metabolites modulate inflammasome signaling may yield development of novel therapeutics to treat intestinal inflammation.
Atomic layer deposition of energy band tunable tin germanium oxide electron transport layer for the SnS-based solar cells with 400 mV open-circuit voltage

Tin germanium oxide, (Sn,Ge)O2, films were prepared using atomic layer deposition and tailored to a SnS absorber layer by incorporating various amounts of germanium into tin oxide to adjust band alignments at the interfaces of SnS/(Sn,Ge)O2 photovoltaic devices. Carrier concentrations of (Sn,Ge)O2 were suppressed from 1020 to 1018 cm−3 with germanium incorporation, with nitrogen doping further reducing carrier concentrations by another order of magnitude. Excellent tunability of both band energy levels and carrier concentrations of (Sn,Ge)O2 allowed optimizing SnS-based solar cells. SnS/(Sn,Ge)O2:N devices were demonstrated, with an open-circuit voltage as high as 400 mV, due to the effective mitigation of interfacial recombination of photogenerated carriers at the SnS/(Sn,Ge)O2:N absorber-buffer heterojunction interface.Tin germanium oxide, (Sn,Ge)O2, films were prepared using atomic layer deposition and tailored to a SnS absorber layer by incorporating various amounts of germanium into tin oxide to adjust band alignments at the interfaces of SnS/(Sn,Ge)O2 photovoltaic devices. Carrier concentrations of (Sn,Ge)O2 were suppressed from 1020 to 1018 cm−3 with germanium incorporation, with nitrogen doping further reducing carrier concentrations by another order of magnitude. Excellent tunability of both band energy levels and carrier concentrations of (Sn,Ge)O2 allowed optimizing SnS-based solar cells. SnS/(Sn,Ge)O2:N devices were demonstrated, with an open-circuit voltage as high as 400 mV, due to the effective mitigation of interfacial recombination of photogenerated carriers at the SnS/(Sn,Ge)O2:N absorber-buffer heterojunction interface.
Predicting the point spread in professional basketball in real time: a data snapshot approach

ABSTRACTPredicting the point spread of a professional basketball game is difficult but important for many stakeholders. We propose a new approach to predict the point spread in real time using in-g...
The City of Angels through the Lens of Female Austrian-Jewish Exile Scriptwriters Vicki Baum, Salka Viertel, and Gina Kaus

AbstractThis article provides insight into the lives and works of Gina Kaus (1893–1985), Vicki Baum (1888–1960), and Salka Viertel (1889–1978), three understudied Austrian-Jewish authors who fled t...
Topological Quantum Theories and Representation Theory

We discuss the relationship between path integrals, geometric quantization and representation theory for a simple quantum theory whose Hilbert space is a group representation. The path integrals involved have interesting cohomological significance and can be evaluated in terms of fixed point formulas to give the Kirillov and Weyl character formulas. The relation to recent work of Witten on Chern-Simons gauge theory is also discussed.
Temporal Bone Fractures Caused by Ballistic Projectiles: A Systematic Review.

ObjectiveBallistic injuries to the temporal bone are uncommon but devastating injuries that damage critical neurovascular structures. This review describes outcomes after ballistic injuries to the ...
Notes and debate paper: Should merchandising and sourcing be worlds apart? The opportunity for more integrated strategic sourcing research

Abstract Whereas retailers are some of the biggest buyers that have some of the highest percentages of external spend as a share of revenue, they are not typically included in strategic sourcing research. Strategic sourcing research originated with a focus on supplies for manufacturing. But the strategic sourcing of merchandise by retailers is not as commonly studied. Merchandise sourcing is often approached very differently from manufacturing sourcing and often different teams of buyers with different roles and responsibilities are involved. Leveraging author industry experience and interviews with strategic sourcing executives in manufacturing and merchandise sourcing this notes and debate paper compares strategic sourcing across these domains and identifies fruitful research opportunities for developing a more comprehensive supply chain approach to strategic sourcing research.
Hypothesis Testing and Model Choice

During the course of a scientific investigation, it is common to consider more than one model to explain or predict the phenomenon of interest. In some cases, it might be wise to cull the candidate models to a manageable number, and then use model averaging methods. However, often a scientist needs/wants to select a single model. In this chapter we consider the situation in which a scientist would like to select one of the candidate models to use for inference. Model selection shares many concepts with hypothesis testing, and so we begin this chapter with a discussion of hypothesis testing.
Clock Delivery Network Design and Analysis for Interposer-Based 2.5-D Heterogeneous Systems

The 2-D CMOS process technology scaling may have reached its pinnacle, yet it is not feasible to manufacture all computing elements at lower technological nodes. This has opened a new branch of chip designing that allows chiplets on different technological nodes to be integrated into a single package using interposers, the passive interconnection mediums. However, establishing a high-frequency communication over an entirely passive layer is one of the significant design challenges of 2.5-D systems. In this article, we present a robust clocking architecture for a 2.5-D system consisting of 64 processor cores. This clocking scheme consists of two major components, namely, interposer clocking and on-chiplet clocking. The interposer clocking consists of clocks used to achieve global synchronicity and clocks for interchiplet communication established using the AIB protocol. We synthesized these clocking components using commercial EDA tools and analyzed them using standard tools, on-chip, and package models. We also compare these results against a 2-D design of the same benchmark and another 2.5-D clocking architecture. Our experiments show that the absolute clock power is up to 16% less, and the ratio of clock power to system power is up to 4% less in the 2.5-D design than its 2-D counterpart.
Prison by any other name: the harmful consequences of popular reforms: by Maya Schenwar and Victoria Law, New York, NY, The New Press, 2020, 320 pp., $27.00 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-62097-310-3

In the late 18th century, Jeremy Bentham envisioned a prison called the panopticon, which manipulated people who were incarcerated to feel as though they were constantly being watched. Gradually, p...
Space After Deleuze

Arun Saldanha. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. xii and 232 pp., references, index. $114.00 cloth (ISBN 978-1-44111-188-3).Tarrying with Gilles Deleuze is a rite of passage for human geograph...
Willingness to participate in research among black patients with liver disease: A national cross-sectional study.

In the United States, Black people are disproportionately diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared with White people but are under-represented in HCV studies. In this US-based cross-sectional telephone survey study, we assessed willingness to participate (WTP) in health/medical research and attitudes and beliefs that may influence WTP among Black patients with HCV. Two hundred participants who had current or prior HCV diagnosis and self-identified as Black or African American were recruited from a national HCV cohort study and an outpatient hepatology clinic. WTP responses ranged from 1 (not at all willing) to 5 (very willing). Multivariable models were used to identify factors associated with the overall mean WTP score. In addition, an open-ended question solicited strategies to help increase research participation from the Black community. Overall, participants reported moderate WTP in research (Mean [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] = 3.78 [3.68, 3.88]). Of 13 types of research presented, participants reported lowest WTP for randomized controlled trials of medications (Mean [95% CI] = 2.31 [2.11, 2.50]). The initial multivariable model identified higher subjective knowledge of research as positively associated with WTP (Parameter estimate [95% CI] = 0.15 [0.02, 0.27]). Sensitivity analyses also identified higher perceived benefits of research as an additional factor associated with WTP. Qualitative findings indicate that greater community-based outreach efforts would increase accessibility of research opportunities. When given the opportunity to participate, Black participants with HCV reported moderate WTP in health/medical research. Research sponsors and investigators should employ community-based outreach to expand access and awareness of research opportunities.
Bringing Data-Based Individualization to Scale: A Call for the Next-Generation Technology of Teacher Supports:

The purpose of this narrative synthesis of the curriculum-based measure (CBM) instructional utility literature is to deepen insight into the supports required to enrich teachers’ instructional deci...
Density Measurements and Results

The density of Te, HgTe, Hg0.9Cd0.1Te, Hg0.8Cd0.2Te, Hg0.9Zn0.1Te and Hg0.84Zn0.16Te melts were measured by a method similar to the pycnometric technique which measures the volume of a melt, with known mass, in a sealed fused silica ampoule positioning coaxially inside a transparent furnace. The volume was determined from the height of the meniscus, by in situ visual observation, and the calibration of volume vs. height for the ampoule which was performed by measuring the mass of water at different heights before the sample was loaded. The density measurements covered the temperature ranging from the corresponding melting points or liquidus temperatures to about 1130 K. The Te liquid showed the normal thermal expansion, i.e., its density decreases as temperature increases except at temperatures just above the melting point where it went through a maximum. Similar to the behavior of the Te melt, the density of HgTe, Hg0.9Cd0.1Te melts also went through a maximum as a function of temperature. It has been reported by other measurements, such as neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance, that the melt consists of a mixture of two domains—one with low-coordination number and the other with high-coordination number structure which corresponding to low- and high-density melt, respectively. At temperature just above the melting point, the melt structure started to evolve with the low-coordination number domain changing into high-coordination number one which resulted in an increase in melt density. As temperature increasing to the density maximum, most of the structural changes has been completed and the normal thermal expansion took over and the density started to decrease as the temperature keeps on increasing. The measurements on the melts of Hg0.8Cd0.2Te, Hg0.9Zn0.1Te and Hg0.84Zn0.16Te did not show a maximum as functions of temperature probably because the liquidus of these melts are higher than the temperature where the density maximum occurred.
Pancreatic-Portal Vein Fistula: a Rare Diagnosis with Wide-Ranging Complications-13-Year Experience of a Pancreas Center of Excellence.

To determine factors affecting mortality, and long-term patency of portal vein, in patients with pancreatic-portal vein fistula (PPVF). Consecutive cases of PPVF at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2008 to 2020 were retrospectively identified. Clinical history, imaging studies, management strategies, complications, and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Fourteen patients, representing the largest PPVF cohort reported to date (mean age 58.6 years, 64.3% women, median follow-up 10 months [1–98 months]) were identified. Underlying chronic pancreatitis was seen in 9 (64.3%) patients, while 5 (35.7%) developed PPVF with first attack of acute pancreatitis. PPVF involved proximal main portal vein (MPV) in 10 (78.6%) patients. Of the 5 patients (35.7%) who died, all had occlusive (n=4) or near-occlusive (n=1) PPVF-associated filling defect (FD) in the MPV. Conversely, 7 of 9 survivors (87.5%) had subocclusive FD and patent MPV. In patients with sepsis (n=5), 1 underwent surgical necrosectomy and survived, while 3 of 4 (75%) patients without debridement died. Occlusive/near-occlusive PPVF-associated MPV FD, and sepsis, are associated with high mortality rates, while subocclusive MPV FD is associated with survival and long-term MPV patency. PPVF is a potentially life-threatening, and possibly under-diagnosed, entity that warrants early clinical suspicion for timely diagnosis, to facilitate optimal management.