cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a bandwidth allocation strategy for proportional streaming services

Clients of streaming services have very diverse service expectations, demanding for differentiated services provisioning from the streaming servers. In this paper, we present a differentiated bandwidth allocation strategy enabled by real-time video adaptation technologies. It aims to provide differentiated streaming bit rates from the server to different client classes in proportion to their pre-specified differentiation weights, independent of the class loads. The allocation strategy is based on the predicted arrival rate of each class and the measured bandwidth release rate of the server. We propose a feedback queue technique, which utilizes the information of the backlogged requests in listen queues to accurately estimate the arrival rates, to improve the differentiation robustness. Simulation results show that the allocation strategy with a FCFS/FF request scheduler can meet the objective of proportional streaming bit rate differentiation in both short and long timescales and greatly enhance the service availability and maintain low queuing-delay when the streaming server load is high.
Facing up to the reality of missed care

Recent reports1 ,2 stemming from a large study in Europe explore the concept of ‘missed care’ by nurses. Missed care is defined as the omission of any aspect of required patient care.3 Beyond the expected finding that nurse–patient staffing ratios are associated with missed care, the work environment and registered nurses (RN) carrying out non-nursing tasks were also important predictors.1 The frequency of missed care was also associated with nurses’ perceptions of patient safety.2 These findings are consistent with findings from a series of studies by Kalisch and colleagues in the USA.4 ,5 However, only recently has the issue of missed care been openly discussed in the literature. What are the implications of these findings? Common activities are missed across hospitals and countries that have different national healthcare delivery systems. In these survey-based studies, nurses report prioritising direct patient care needs such as medication administration, but appear to assign lower priority to patient care interventions such as ambulation, psychosocial needs, care planning and patient education. The basis for these day-to-day, hour-to-hour, and in some cases minute-to-minute, decisions on what to prioritise is unknown, and poses extraordinarily rich questions for future research. Do nurses prioritise medications and treatments because they are formal physicians’ orders? Do they place greater value on medications and treatments over other interventions needed to prepare the patient (and their informal care givers) for discharge? Is medication administration prioritised over other interventions because it addresses an immediate need, and is now becoming easily tracked through electronic medication administration records relative to other interventions such as ambulation or discharge planning, which may by their nature be somewhat more amorphous? Alternatively, do nurses prioritise medication administration more because of the critical role played by pharmaceutical interventions and their self-perceived competency in medication administration …
Early Mission Design of Transfers to Halo Orbits via Particle Swarm Optimization

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to prune the search space of a low-thrust trajectory transfer from a high-altitude, Earth orbit to a Lagrange point orbit in the Earth-Moon system. Unlike a gradient based approach, this evolutionary PSO algorithm is capable of avoiding undesirable local minima. The PSO method is extended to a “local” version and uses a two dimensional search space that is capable of reducing the computation run-time by an order of magnitude when compared with published work. A technique for choosing appropriate PSO parameters is demonstrated and an example of an optimized trajectory is discussed.
Back to the classics 2: re-reading the Emanuel Saxe protestant ethic and the social ethic in the USA for accounting

Daniel Gross wrote in the New York Times International Edition, in July 2009, that the financial meltdown has sent scholars running to the classics to make sense of the slow-burning financial crisis. The antics of Ponzi artist Bernie Madoff have revived interest in The Great Gatsby (Scott Fitzgerald, 1950) and much more presciently the earlier character Augustus Melmott in Anthony Trollope’s 19th Century villain in The Way We Live Now (republished in 1941 by Penguin Press). Now, hard-core free-marketeers like Posner (2009) have begun questioning the efficacy of capitalism. They are turning to the previously forbidden works of Karl Marx. Most of these classical critiques of capitalism still remain cited but rarely carefully read. This remains true of the writings of Emanuel Saxe and his protege Abraham Briloff, both who are now sadly departed. In this spirit, we are publishing the hitherto unpublished lectures of Emmanuel Saxe.
Experimental study on performance of cooling tower packing

Based on the summarization of the equipments for the performance testing of cooling tower packing in China and abroad,an experimental platform for packing performance testing was put up.The said system was combined with the air handling system of the intelligent environmental system of HVAC laboratroy in University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,and was part of HVAC comprehensive laboratory.In the test,the formula of the cooling tower packing performance was deduced with least square method,and the influence of water distribution uniformity on temperatrue difference of cooling system was studied at the same time.The performance regulation concluded through the test would have great guiding significance for the actual application of the said cooling tower packing.
When To Hospitalize the Dermatologic Patient

The advantages of hospital care are too often denied patients who have banal skin problems that merely destroy the quality of life rather than life itself. Yet many of these problems can be greatly mitigated or can even disappear with a controlled environment and intensive therapy. One reason for insufficient hospitalization may be inadequacy of facilities; a program for upgrading these to meet the needs is spelled out.
School transition practices and children’s social and academic adjustment in kindergarten.

The transition to kindergarten is a critical period for children and families, with successful transitions setting the stage for short- and long-term academic and social success. This study explored the practices used by kindergarten teachers to help ease children’s and families’ transition into primary school (termed “transition practices”), and assessed their relationship to children’s social and academic adjustment to school in a nationally representative sample of children in the United States (N = 4,900). On average, kindergarten teachers engaged in 3 transition practices, with outreach to parents and child or parent classroom visits most common, and structural changes to the school schedule less frequent. Private schools and more experienced teachers engaged in more transition practices, whereas ethnic and racial minority, immigrant, and urban children had teachers who reported fewer practices. Prospective, lagged regression models found that engagement in more types of transition practices was predictive of heightened prosocial behaviors among children, but was not associated with children’s attention or academic outcomes. Examination of specific types of practices found that transition activities geared toward parents were associated with children’s heightened academic skills in kindergarten. These results provide limited evidence to support the “more is better” view of transition practices and instead suggest that specific types of transition practices are linked to particular aspects of children’s functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
An Examination of Family, Healthcare Professionals, and Peer Advice on Physical Activity Behaviors among Adolescents at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

Studies have shown that many college students do not meet the recommended daily physical activity (PA) levels, and about 22% of these students are overweight. Given that engaging in PA is a protective behavior against many chronic conditions, it is imperative to understand what sources of information/advice to engage in PA is most influential. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the relative impact of different sources of advice regarding exercise and PA on actual PA engagement among obese/overweight adolescents. Using data from 319 overweight/obese college students, multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine which source of advice (from parents, peers, or healthcare provider) to engage in PA was associated with PA behavior among these adolescents. Influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) family history on PA behavior was also examined. Moderate and vigorous PA behavior was more likely among obese/overweight adolescents who received advice to exercise or engage in PA from their peers (B = 200.85, β = 0.193, p = 0.001; B = 121.19, β = 0.145, p = 0.014). Overweight/obese adolescents with a T2D family history were more likely to walk compared with those without a T2D family history (χ2 = 12.97, p = 0.000). Findings suggest that although healthcare professionals advise obese/overweight adolescents, those who received advice regarding PA behavior from their peers were more likely to heed the advice and exercise/engage in PA. In essence, intervention efforts should focus on employing peer ambassadors to counsel other adolescents on the importance of PA.
The relationship of red blood cell transfusion to intestinal mucosal injury in premature infants

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of intestinal mucosal injury before and after transfusions in premature infants. Study design Urine was collected throughout the hospital stay of 62 premature infants and specimens obtained within 24h before and after transfusion were assayed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP). A urinary iFABP:creatinine ratio (iFABP u :Cr u ) of 2.0pg/nmol was considered elevated. Result Forty-nine infants were transfused. iFABPu:Cru was elevated following 71 (75.6%) of 94 transfusions for which urine was available. In 51 (71.8%) of these, iFABPu:Cru was also elevated prior to the transfusion. Among four cases of transfusion-associated NEC, iFABP u was elevated following every sentinel transfusion and prior to three of them. Conclusion Subclinical intestinal mucosal injury is frequent following blood transfusions in premature infants and, when present, usually precedes transfusion. This suggests that transfusion may not be a primary mediator of intestinal injury so much as anemia and its associated conditions. Level of evidence Prognosis study/level 3
Does the aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulate pluripotency

Recent evidence from embryonic stem cells suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a central role in the regulation of pluripotency, a short-lived property of cells in the early blastula inner cell mass (ICM). Four key observations support this conclusion. The first is the temporal association between upregulation of AHR expression and the onset of cell differentiation, which argues for the AHR as a determinant of cell fate decisions. The second is the repression of the pluripotency factors OCT4 and NANOG by the AHR, which depresses their function and contributes to the cell's exit from pluripotency. The third is the temporal association between changes in global DNA methylation and stage-dependent AHR expression, which parallel each other during embryonic development, suggesting that AHR helps configure a repressive chromatin structure that controls differentiation. The fourth is the incidence of early developmental aberrations that take place in Ahr-null mice and cause the disruption of their embryonic program, which is likely to be a consequence of the loss of pluripotency of the Ahr−/− ICM cells. In this short review, we will focus on the modulation of pluripotency as a novel function of the AHR, and on the potentially detrimental developmental outcomes that may result from exposure to environmental toxicants. This line of enquiry brings us to the tantalizing conclusion that by activating mechanisms that modulate pluripotency, AHR regulates embryonic development. The likelihood that exposure to environmental AHR ligands might disrupt developmental processes is a reasonable corollary to this conclusion.
Effects of Alcohol Dependence Severity on Neural Correlates of Delay Discounting.

Aims The current study examines the relationship between alcohol dependence severity and delay discounting neural activation. Methods Participants (N = 17; 6 female) completed measures of alcohol use and severity and a functional magnetic resonance imaging version of a delay discounting task. Results Alcohol dependence severity was negatively associated with activation in superior frontal gyrus during impulsive relative to delayed decisions, and positively associated with activation in paracingulate gyrus and frontal pole in delayed relative to impulsive decisions. Conclusions These results indicate that alcohol dependence severity tracks closely with dysregulations in cognitive control and reward evaluation areas during impulsive and delayed decisions, respectively. Delay discounting may be a useful construct in capturing these cognitive dysregulations as alcohol use disorders become more severe. Short summary Among alcohol-dependent individuals, alcohol dependence severity is associated with overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions.
Second generation stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system with faster scan time and wider angular span

Purpose To characterize a new generation stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system with higher tube flux and increased angular span over a first generation system. Methods The linear CNT x-ray source was designed, built and evaluated to determine its performance parameters. The second generation system was then constructed using the CNT x-ray source and a Hologic gantry. Upon construction, test objects and phantoms were used to characterize system resolution as measured by the modulation transfer function (MTF), and artifact spread function (ASF). Results The results indicated that the linear CNT x-ray source was capable of stable operation at a tube potential of 49 kVp, and measured focal spot sizes showed source-to-source consistency with a nominal focal spot size of 1.1 mm. After construction, the second generation (Gen 2) system exhibited entrance surface air kerma rates two times greater the previous s-DBT system. System in-plane resolution as measured by the MTF is 7.7 cycles/mm, compared to 6.7 cycles/mm for the Gen 1 system. As expected, an increase in the z-axis depth resolution was observed, with a decrease in the ASF from 4.30 mm to 2.35 mm moving from the Gen1 system to the Gen 2 system as result of an increased angular span. Conclusions The results indicate that the Gen 2 stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system, which has a larger angular span, increased entrance surface air kerma, and faster image acquisition time over the Gen 1 s-DBT system, results in higher resolution images. With the detector operating at full resolution, the Gen 2 s-DBT system can achieve an in-plane resolution of 7.7 cycles per mm, which is better than the current commercial DBT systems today, and may potentially result in better patient diagnosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Efficiency Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources with Data Envelopment Analysis

In this paper, we compare the efficiencies of seven primary renewable energy technologies that generate electricity. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to determine the most efficient renewable energy source with predetermined input and output variables. We apply four different analytical approaches to rank these energy sources with respect to their efficiency scores. According to our analysis, geothermal is the most efficient and solar thermal technologies are the least efficient renewable energy sources.
Uncommon Causes of Cerebral Microbleeds.

Background Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small and round perivascular hemosiderin depositions detectable by gradient echo sequences or susceptibility-weighted imaging. Cerebral microbleeds are common among patients with hypertension, cerebral ischemia, or cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In this article, we describe uncommon causes of CMBs. Methods We searched Pubmed with the keyword CMBs for relevant studies and looked for different uncommon causes of CMBs. Results CMBs have several uncommon etiologies including posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, infective endocarditis, brain radiation therapy, cocaine abuse, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, traumatic brain injury, intravascular lymphomatosis or proliferating angio-endotheliomatosis, moyamoya disease, sickle cell anemia/β-thalassemia, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy subcortical infarcts, and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), genetic syndromes, or obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusions Understanding the uncommon causes of CMBs is not only helpful in diagnosis and prognosis of some of these rare diseases, but can also help in better understanding different pathophysiology involved in the development of CMBs.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Patch for Persistent Corneal Hydrops.

Purpose:To report successful management of a case of persistent keratoconus-related hydrops with a Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) patch graft.Methods:A case of corneal hydrops persisting for 7 months treated with DMEK was identified. The following information was collected: demogr
David Oliver: How much information should patients’ families expect on acute wards?

One of the biggest stressors in work for me and my colleagues, junior and senior, is the relentless demand for information—not from patients themselves but from their relatives. It’s taboo to talk about this in public for fear of appearing callous and uncaring. But it comes up whenever a group of medics unburden themselves in a safe space. I’m happy to break the taboo and to be found wanting for doing so. The source of this stress is rarely visitors who are involved carers, supporting the patient day in, day out. They are often highly present on the wards, making frequent interaction and updates easier. It’s crucial to involve …
Psychoanalytic Contributions to a Theory of Traumatic Stress

In the last several decades, a new field has emerged focusing on the impact of Stressors of unusual severity. Based on investigations of soldiers, Holocaust survivors, and victims of nuclear war, natural, and manmade disasters, this field has variously been called the study of extreme environmental stress (Hocking, 1970), traumatic stress (Figley, 1986), and catastrophic trauma (Krystal, 1978). Psychoanalysts share with the investigators in this new field a fundamental concern with the impact of trauma on an individual’s psychic life. However, psychoanalysts or those psychodynamically oriented toward the understanding of intrapsychic processes have traditionally been interested in Stressors of a different type, Stressors which symbolically represent aspects of infantile conflict. The similarity between the two fields has meant that psychoanalytic formulations of trauma have been useful in the development of models of traumatic stress. The differences between the two fields has meant that traditional psychoanalytic formulations need to be revised and amended when applied to the new field of traumatic stress.
Promoting Math Talk in Adult-Child Interactions through Grocery Store Signs.

There is a persistent gap in math abilities between children from low socioeconomic (SES) families compared to children from high-SES families. Interventions to reduce this gap are often expensive and not easily implemented. This study examined the efficacy of a cost-effective intervention in grocery stores in order to try and increase the number of math-related adult-child conversations to increase children’s school readiness. We created and placed signs about general language and math in grocery stores in a low-SES neighborhood and a high-SES neighborhood that encouraged conversations between adults and children while shopping. Researchers used observational coding methods to see how these signs naturally influenced conversations. When signs that contained prompts to engage in math conversations were present there was an overall increase in conversations about math compared to the general language signs or when no signs were posted. When signs were present in the low-SES location, there was an increase in conversations about math between adults and children, whereas the signs did not have this effect in the high-SES location. This study demonstrates the benefits of implementing a cost-effective intervention in a natural environment that could increase math conversations and school readiness in children, especially from low-SES families.
HIV Env on Lockdown

No immunogen has been found that elicits a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) response sufficient for development into an HIV vaccine. In this issue of Cell Host and Microbe, Zhang et al. (2018) rationally design an HIV envelope glycoprotein variant that provides new hope that such an immunogen may be attainable.
Design and Global Culture

A product or service that works in one culture may not work in another culture. This chapter addresses important considerations in designing products and services that are aimed at global markets and ethnic consumers within a market. Specifically, the chapter will outline mode of entry, cultural branding, and ethnic marketing strategies that are used by leading firms in the automotive, food and beverage, and culture industries.
Pesticide Management Safety—From a Medical Point of View

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pesticide management safety from a medical point of view. Pesticide management can be described as the technology concerned with the safe, efficient and economic use, and handling of pesticides from the time of manufacture to the final utilization and disposal. Integrated pest control from a medical point of view suggests that there are ways by which the overall health of the agricultural worker can be improved through safe pesticide management. Simple and specific screening tests exist for most of the major problem pesticides. The ultimate verification through quantitative cholinesterase determinations and specific urinary metabolite studies can contribute greatly to the verification of the illness and even the identification of the specific pesticide involved. Medicine's contribution to the persistence problem of pesticide management would be to further the cause of human residue monitoring bringing it to the same level that agricultural authorities are requiring for residues in food.
A Decade of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings: The Short Longer View

The progress and accomplishments of psychology in medical settings over the past decade since the publication of the Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings (J. J. Sweet, R. H. Rozensky, & S. M. Tovian, 1991) and the subsequent founding of the Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings (JCPMS) in 1994 are highlighted. Areas of progress and accomplishments reviewed include professional developments with our field, roles and services provided by psychologists, education, training and research issues, and program administration in medical settings. The current status of, and possible changes in, medical settings is identified. Future challenges and opportunities for the profession are discussed.
TO BEAT OR ABET IN MACHADO DE ASSIS'S "PAI CONTRA MÃE": THE TEXT IN SUPERPOSITION

In Machado de Assis’s “Pai contra mae,” the first of Cândido Neves’s many aborted professions — typesetting — takes on an unexpectedly clairvoyant dimension when one considers a critical textual variant: the addition of a cedilha to a pivotal word in some editions of the story. When we review this typographical discrepancy in light of the context of race relations and slavery in Machado’s prose fiction, it not only becomes a microcosm of the contrapuntal nature of “Pai contra mae,” but it also serves as an avatar for the importance of reader engagement in the central ambiguity of Machado’s best work. Em “Pai contra mae,” de Machado de Assis, a primeira das diversas profissoes abortadas por Cândido Neves — composicao tipografica — assume uma dimensao inesperadamente clarividente ao se considerar uma significativa variante textual: a adicao de uma cedilha a uma palavra crucial em algumas edicoes do conto. Quando analisamos esta discrepância tipografica a luz do contexto das relacoes raciais e da escravidao na ficcao em prosa de Machado, ela nao se torna apenas um microcosmo da natureza contrapontistica de “Pai contra mae,” mas serve tambem de avatar para a importância do engajamento do leitor diante da ambiguidade central presente nas melhores obras de Machado.
Cancer biology: infectious tumour cells.

Cancer cells are generally viewed as a problem innate to their host, but evidence is mounting that they can evolve to become infectious agents and be transmitted between individuals.
Continuity properties of sample functions

In what follows we shall give further theorems concerning almost all (3) sample functions. It is important to distinguish between two kinds of assertions: (i) an assertion about x (t, ω) for a. a.ω at a fixed t which is the same for allω; (ii) an assertion about x(•,ω ) for a. a.ω at a generic regarded as the running adscissa in the sample graph (t,x(t, ω) ),t∉T,for each ω. thus the exceptional null set may depend on t in case (i) but not in case(ii) in Naturally (i) is a special case of (ii). As anc an example, the second assertion in Theorem 5.6 may be stated as fol- lows: for a fixed t and stable i, t∉ S i (w) implies that t is in an (open) i-interval of x(•, ω) for a.a. w. This is an assertion of the first kind; the corresponding assertion of the second kind is false at a generic t which is an endpoint of an i-interval. Similarly, Theorem 2 below is for an assertion of the first kind while the corresponding assertion of the second kind will be given in Theorem 7.4.
General and domain-specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women.

Abstract Introduction In a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain-specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Methods Estimates of general and domain-specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years. Results General CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain-specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia. Discussion Cognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.
Hitler, Himmler, and Christianity in the Early Third Reich

With the rise of the National Socialist movement, Germany became a hostile environment to many minority groups. Communists, homosexuals, and the Jewish community were all targets of the Nazi Party's aggressive rhetoric and physical assaults, but these actions have often overshadowed the Nazi's persecution of larger majority groups. German Christian communities, both Catholic and Protestant, would eventually be repressed by the Nazi government as well. Why did the Nazis do this? What shaped the Nazi Party's Christianity policy into one of hate and suppression? Both Adolf Hitler's and Heinrich Himmler's personal views on Christianity formed the basis of the Nazi Party's policy towards Christian churches in the early years of the Third Reich. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol14/iss1/10
Effect of drug (core) particle size on the dissolution of theophylline from microspheres made from low molecular weight cellulose acetate propionate.

Three particle sizes (450, 120, and 5 µm) of theophylline were encapsulated in low molecular weight cellulose acetate propionate (intrinsic viscosity, 1.08 dl/g) by the solvent evaporation method. The theoretical drug content for all the batches of microspheres was 50% (w/w). Particle size analysis revealed that about 50% of the microspheres containing the large theophylline crystals (average length of 450 µm) were greater than 500 µm in diameter, whereas only about 35% of the microspheres containing the medium drug crystals (average length of 120 µm) were greater than 500 µm in diameter. The drug content of the larger microspheres prepared from the large drug crystals and the medium drug crystals was much greater than the theoretical drug content (50%, w/w); however, the drug content of all the batches of microspheres containing micronized drug was close to 50% (w/w). Release of the drug in simulated intestinal fluid was very rapid from microspheres containing large and medium drug crystals, while release was slower and more predictable from microspheres made from micronized drug.
Harvard HIV and aging workshop: Perspectives and Priorities from Claude D. Pepper Centers and Centers for AIDS Research

People aging with HIV (PAWH) infection experience greater impairments in physical and cognitive function, in addition to higher rates of peripheral comorbid conditions (e.g., renal failure, diabetes, bone fracture, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity). While multifactorial drivers, including HIV infection itself, antiretroviral therapy-related toxicities, disparities in care, and biobehavioral factors, likely contribute, there remains an overarching question as to what are the relevant age-related mechanisms and models that could inform interventions that promote health span and life span in PAWH? This workshop was convened to hear from experts on the biology of aging and HIV researchers studying PAWH to focus on advancing investigations at the interface of HIV and Aging. In this study, we summarize the discussions from the Harvard Center for AIDS Research and Boston Claude D. Pepper cosponsored workshop on HIV and Aging, which took place in October 2018.
A Propensity to Murder: Phrenology in Antebellum Medico-Legal Theory and Practice

This essay explores the uses of phrenological theory in the realm of jurisprudence between the mid-1830s and 1850s, focusing in particular on the adoption and circulation of phrenological language within medico-legal circles through this period. The article begins by contextualizing medical jurisprudence in early America; at the same time that phrenology was gaining ground in the United States, theories of medical jurisprudence were in flux. I next turn to the concept of the propensities in phrenological theory and their relationship to theories of moral insanity developed in the same period. This article concludes with an exploration of explicit and implicit uses of phrenology, focusing on court cases featuring phrenological expertise or language. The article thus suggests both the uses of phrenology for the building of medico-legal expertise and the extent to which phrenological language around the propensities inflected lay and medico-legal discourse around criminal responsibility and insanity.
Non-hysteretic functional form of capillary pressure in porous media

Models of flow of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium overwhelmingly involve use of an equilibrium correlation between what is identified as capillary pressure and the saturation of one of the...
World’s Leading National, Public, Monastery and Royal Library Directors: Leadership, Management, Future of Libraries by Patrick Lo, Allen Cho, and Dickson Chiu

Lo, P., Cho, A., & Chiu, D. (2017). World’s leading national, public, monastery and royal library directors: Leadership, management, future of libraries. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. $114.99 (hardback), ISBN: 978-3-11-053083-4
Identity integration in people with acquired disabilities: A qualitative study.

Objective This qualitative investigation focused on identity integration in a sample of individuals who acquired physical disabilities in adulthood. It also argues for the importance and ethics of these methods in the broader field of scholarship on personality change following adversity. Method Thirteen adults participated in the study. Participants engaged in an expanded Life Story Interview wherein they narrated the story of their life, including a section devoted to their story of acquiring a physical disability. In addition, participants completed questionnaires concerning their psychological well-being and maturity. Results We identified two dimensions of narrative themes participants used in grappling with identity integration: one represented active processing of one's life experiences and the other represented the extent to which participants described their identity as wholly transformed by the experience of acquiring a disability. When overlaid, these dimensions yielded four narrative strategies titled: Adapters, Wanderers, Drifters, and Resisters. We also observed that Adapters seemed to have better psychological well-being and maturity than the other groups. Conclusions This study offers a foundation for future scholarship on identity among people with disabilities. It also describes the contexts in which retrospective, qualitative methods are especially appropriate for research on personality change following adversity.
Definitive re-irradiation of locally recurrent esophageal cancer after trimodality therapy in patients with a poor performance status.

There are few treatment guidelines for locally recurrent esophageal cancer after trimodality treatment (pre-operative chemoradiation followed by surgery) in patients with a poor performance status. The purpose of this single institutional, retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and toxicities of definitive-intent re-irradiation for patients with recurrent esophageal cancer with a poor performance status [ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) ≥2]. Seven patients were identified with a median age of 74 years (range, 61-81 years). Four patients were ECOG 2 and three patients were ECOG 3. The median follow-up time after re-irradiation was 49 months. The median interval between initial radiotherapy and re-treatment was 32 months. Six patients received concurrent chemotherapy [carboplatin + paclitaxel in three patients; folinic acid, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) + 5-fluorouracil in one patient; FOLFOX in one patient, and capecitabine in one patient]. At the last follow-up, the six patients who underwent concurrent chemotherapy had stable disease (86%), while the one who did not receive chemotherapy progressed (14%). Two patients developed metastases. Three patients developed acute ( 6 months) were limited to grades 1 and 2 dysphagia and pneumonitis in four patients. In conclusion, definitive re-irradiation of recurrent esophageal cancer in patients with a poor performance status appears to be safe with acceptable acute toxicity and late complications. It also appears to result in durable local control when combined with chemotherapy, albeit with a small number of patients and limited follow-up.
Multiple myeloma and AL amyloid cardiomyopathy

AL amyloid cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized condition but arises less commonly with coexistent multiple myeloma. In this case report, we present a case of restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma, identified and treated using a multidisciplinary approach.
Update of teat dipping (pre- and post-), backflushing, and dry-cow therapy

Postmilking teat dipping is considered to be the single most effective practice available for reducing the spread of contagious mastitis bacteria provided that an effective germicidal product is used. Teat dipping after the last milking of the lactation has been shown to be effective in reducing new Staphylococcus aureus infections, whilst barrier teat dips appear to be effective in reducing new coliform infections. Possible benefits of pre-milking teat dipping for control of environmental mastitis are discussed. Back-flushing systems that are available commercially for flushing disinfectant through the milking unit after each cow appear to reduce the spread of contagious mastitis organisms, but have little or no effect upon environmental pathogens. Dry cow treatment of all cows is recommended; partial insertion of the cannula into the teat canal resulted in higher cure rate and lower new infection rate than did complete insertion.
The disciplinary borderlands of education: art and STEAM education (Los límites disciplinares de la educación: arte y educación STEAM)

The emphasis on STEM disciplines in schools has caused advocates for art education to propose the addition of the arts to the study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, transforming...
Glimpses from the Life and Work of Dr. C.R. Rao: A Living Legend in Statistics

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (or simply Dr. Rao, as he is universally known to his students and colleagues) who attended the age of 100 on September 10, 2020, is a living legend in Statistics: His work has influenced not only has influenced the field of statistics, but also has had a profound impact on numerous other areas, such as economics, engineering, agriculture, anthropology, biometry, demography, psychology, geology, and medicine. In this article, along with some of his pioneering work, we trace a few the events of his memorable long life.
Reducing Educators' Weight Bias: The Role of School-Based Anti-Bullying Policies.

BACKGROUND Educators' negative weight biases toward students with high body weight have been well-documented. The present investigation examined whether inclusion of body weight in school anti-bullying policies is associated with lower levels of weight bias among educators. METHODS Data on explicit weight bias was collected from a sample of secondary school teachers and principals in the United States (N = 246) and examined in relation to the presence of weight-related language in each participant's school district anti-bullying policy. RESULTS The results indicate that, although educators on average make negative judgments about individuals with high weight, these biases were lower for educators whose school district anti-bullying policy included enumeration of body weight. Notably, this association did not hold when policies enumerated "appearance." CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that the explicit mention of "weight" in school anti-bullying policies may represent a feasible mechanism to reduce explicit weight bias among U.S. secondary school educators.
Evolutionary ecology and life-history patterns in the deep sea

Abstract It has been proposed that the high diversity found in the deep sea is the product of the stability of the physical environment for long periods of time. The predictability of the environment allows the extensive biological interactions occurring over evolutionary time to be in the direction of reduction in biological stress. The historic results are stable and complex Biologically Accomodated Communities composed of large numbers of stenotopic species. Not all major taxa of the deep sea are so diverse. Species belonging to these taxa tend to have broader depth ranges, are more cosmopolitian and eurytopic, produce larger number of eggs, and have a larval stage that allows wide dispersion. Such features characterize biota of more physically stressed, low-diversity habitats, e.g. shallow boreal seas. Similar contrasting patterns can be demonstrated for biota in marin, freshwater, and terrestrial regimes when comparing historically stable environments with more variable habitats. Two diverging evolut...
Preserving Flexibility: Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell and the Preliminary Injunction Standard

A preliminary injunction is an order granted prior to a final judgment on the merits which prevents a party from continuing with a certain conduct. The traditional standard for a preliminary injunction requires that a plaintiff show the existence of four elements: likely irreparable harm, likely success on the merits, balance of hardships in their favor, and that the public interest favors the injunction. Some courts, including the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, have applied more flexible versions of this standard in which there is interplay between the elements such that a strong showing of one element might offset a weaker showing of another. This Comment argues that such variations of the preliminary injunction standard are both in line with recent Supreme Court jurisprudence and beneficial to environmental plaintiffs seeking to enjoin parties from destructive practices.
A Review of “Political Theology II: The Myth of the Closure of Any Political Theology; Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss: The Hidden Dialogue; The Lesson of Carl Schmitt: Four Chapters on the Distinction Between Political Theology and Political Philosophy”

In recent years, publishing houses have been keen to print large, multiauthor volumes dedicated to political theology. Mostly authored by theologians, the contributions cover such things as the pol...
Dynamometer-based testing of a proof-of-concept fuel cell vehicle prototype

The work presented in This work focuses on the development of a 'proof-of-concept' fuel cell vehicle prototype using a dynamometer-based test bench. The main objective of this work is the validation of design ideas regarding the combination of two different energy storage devices (i.e., batteries and ultracapacitors) into an ESU for the power management of this vehicle. The implemented prototype is a simplified and scale-down version of the designed vehicle; however, the measured results show that the vehicle could greatly benefit from the combination of energy sources that are different in nature such as batteries and ultracapacitors.
A Critique of the New Comparative Economics

The article critically examines the "new comparative economics" paradigm and its underlying model of the "institutional possibilities frontier" as an instrument of comparative efficiency analysis of economic systems. The model suggests a social costs minimization trade-off between economic disorder and dictatorship. But the alternative approach — that of the "new traditional economics" — is shown to be more adequate and promising. New traditional economics deals with the evolutionary analysis of institutions in the context of historical development of economic and non-economic norms and values.
LAPLACIAN UNIMODULAR EQUIVALENCE OF GRAPHS

Let G be a graph. Let L(G) be the difference of the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees and the adjacency matrix. This note addresses the number of ones in the Smith Normal Form of the integer matrix L(G).
T cells with multiple fine specificities are used by non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice in the response to GAD(524-543).

Abstract Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse results from a T lymphocyte mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas and serves as a model for human type I diabetes. The NOD mouse develops insulitis at 4 weeks of age and diabetes later in life. It has previously been shown that a T helper 1 (Th1) response to the islet antigen, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65, henceforth GAD) spontaneously develops in NOD mice concurrent with the onset of lymphocytic infiltration into the islets (insulitis). The proliferative T cell response in the spleen is initially confined to the carboxy-terminal region of GAD65 (peptides 509–528 and 524–543) followed by a progression to nearby determinants and a variety of upstream determinants. We have produced a set of overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the 509–543 region of GAD and surveyed the responses raised by immunization with peptide GAD(524–543), which is the more immunogenic of the two peptides. NOD mice immunized with GAD(524–543) demonstrate splenic proliferative responses to 524–538 and 527–541 but not to 521–535 or 530–543. Four T cell hybridomas were produced from spleen cells of GAD(524–543)-immunized NOD female mice. Each hybridoma displayed a unique cytokine profile when stimulated with peptides 524–538 and 527–541, assaying IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-5 production by peptide-stimulated hybridomas. To identify MHC and TCR contact residues critical for the stimulation of the hybridomas, a truncated peptide (GAD 526–538) and a panel of analogue peptides were synthesized containing single-amino acid substitutions. Hybridoma 35.13.2 was non-responsive to the truncated peptide and all of its variants. However, the four residues 530 (A), 531 (P), 536 (R), and 537 (M) were found to be critical for the activation of the three remaining hybridomas, suggesting that these positions in the GAD-524–543 determinant were MHC binding residues or conserved TCR contact sites.
Prevalence and risk factors of illicit drug use by people with disabilities

The authors examined patterns and risk factors of illicit drug use among people with disabilities by use of a random sample of 1,876 persons actively involved in vocational rehabilitation services in three Midwestern states. Compared with regional drug use data from the general population, respondents with disabilities reported higher rates of illicit drug use for nearly every drug category. Factors significantly associated with illicit drug use included level of disability acceptance, best friends' drug use, attitude of disability entitlement, self-esteem, and risk-taking. These findings provide additional insight into illicit drug use among people with disabilities. The authors discuss implications from these findings for rehabilitation and disability policy
Growth anisotropy in seeded melt growth of YBa2Cu3Ox

Abstract Growth anisotropy has been investigated in the seeded melt growth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x for a wide range of undercooling and growth rates. By carrying out a series of quenching experiments, various growth rates have been obtained utilizing different cooling conditions. It has been found that the growth anisotropy is more dependent on the bulk growth rate rather than on the undercooling, suggesting that the former is a more fundamental parameter that determines the growth anisotropy. In addition the growth anisotropy is much more pronounced at high growth rates. A physical model has been proposed to explain the observed anisotropic growth behavior.
FAST IMPLICIT FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHASE CHANGE PROBLEMS

This paper develops a rapid implicit solution technique for the enthalpy formulation of conduction controlled phase change problems. Initially, three existing implicit enthalpy schemes are introduc...