cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Religious and spiritual issues in group counseling: Beliefs and preferences of university counseling center clients and therapists

Over the past three decades research on addressing religious and spiritual issues in individual counseling has blossomed, but group counseling has been virtually ignored. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the beliefs and preferences of group counseling clients and therapists regarding the discussion of religious and spiritual concerns, and the appropriateness of religious and spiritual interventions. Participants were 164 clients and 54 therapists participating in counseling groups at nine university counseling centers nationwide. The majority of clients and therapists indicated that religious concerns are an appropriate topic for group counseling, and the majority of clients reported a preference to discuss religious or spiritual concerns. Both clients and therapists rated spiritual interventions as more appropriate, overall, than religious interventions. However, most clients and therapists rated exploration of both religious and spiritual struggles as an appropriate intervention. Regression models predicting client preferences to discuss religious and spiritual issues identified religious commitment and religious struggle as significant predictors. Finally, implications for practice, limitations, and future research directions are
School-based occupational therapists’ service delivery decision-making: Perspectives on identity and roles

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the context of service delivery decision-making in school-based occupational therapy practice. Participants included 14 occupational therapists. The primary source of data came from semi-structured, open-ended interviews. Open inductive coding was used for in-vivo data analysis. Themes in the data revealed that decision-making is impacted by therapists’ professional identity and their conception of the role of occupational therapy in school settings. Therapists in this study relied mostly on traditional interventions that focused on skill development and was found to be the primary driver of decision-making about service delivery.
Axial shielding of Pd(II) complexes enables perfect stereoretention in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of Csp 3 boronic acids

Stereocontrolled Csp3 cross-coupling can fundamentally change the types of chemical structures that can be mined for molecular functions. Although considerable progress in achieving the targeted chemical reactivity has been made, controlling stereochemistry in Csp3 cross-coupling remains challenging. Here we report that ligand-based axial shielding of Pd(II) complexes enables Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unactivated Csp3 boronic acids with perfect stereoretention. This approach leverages key differences in spatial orientation between competing pathways for stereoretentive and stereoinvertive transmetalation of Csp3 boronic acids to Pd(II). We show that axial shielding enables perfectly stereoretentive cross-coupling with a range of unactivated secondary Csp3 boronic acids, as well as the stereocontrolled synthesis of xylarinic acid B and all of its Csp3 stereoisomers. We expect these ligand design principles will broadly enable the continued search for practical and effective methods for stereospecific Csp3 cross-coupling.
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Fe Doped CdS and Cobalt Doped CdS Nano Particles

Abstract The undoped and doped cadmium sulphide nano particles were prepared by co precipitation technique at room temperature.The effect of nano stochiometry on structural , micro structural properties of the powders were studied. The structural properties of the nano powders were investigated by X ray diffraction. The Scanning Electron Microscopic studies were carried out using (Quanta FEG 250) and Elemental Analysis was carried out with an EDAX using Energy dispersive X ray spectrophotometer. The particle size was also calculated and compared.The room temperature ferromagnetism of the doped and undoped cadmium sulphide nano particle I also investigated using vibrating sample magenetrometer.
Rethinking coproduction: amplifying involvement and effectiveness

This article reviews the origin and development of research on coproduction and proposes a new Coproduction Amplification Model to guide research and practice. The article shows that coproduction r...
Meter, prosody and performance: evidence from the Faroese ballads

In this paper, I argue that the folk ballad tradition of the Faroe Islands, to date never examined in detail by metrists, offers substantial empirical support for the necessity of maintaining the classic metrical template, as well as the distinction between metrical and prosodic structure: meter is an abstraction which can neither be collapsed into phonology, nor fundamentally detached from it (Kiparsky 2006, Blumenfeld 2015, pace Hayes & MacEachern 1998, Fabb & Halle 2008). The ballad performances also reveal a unidirectional correspondence from strong metrical positions to strong dance steps and strong musical beats, indicating that metrical prominence plays a significant role in determining rhythm. The Faroese tradition thus provides a window into the relation between metrical structure and performance. In support of my conclusions I draw upon both the ballad texts and audio-visual recordings of sections of sample ballads I made on the Faroe Islands.
Role models in the media: a content analysis of preschool television programs in the U.S

Preschool children in the United States spend a great deal of time watching television. The content and characters represented on preschool television programs play a role in children’s learning an...
The Stretching Frequencies of Bound Alkyl Isocyanides Indicate Two Distinct Ligand Orientations within the Distal Pocket of Myoglobin

The FTIR spectra for alkyl isocyanides (CNRs) change from a single nu(CN) band centered at approximately 2175 cm(-1) to two peaks at approximately 2075 and approximately 2125 cm(-1) upon binding to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb). The low- and high-frequency peaks have been assigned to in and out conformations, respectively. In the in conformation, the ligand is pointing toward the protein interior, and the distal His64(E7) is in a closed position, donates a H-bond to the bound isocyano group, enhances back-bonding, and lowers the C-N bond order. In the out conformation, the ligand side chain points toward solvent through a channel opened by outward rotation of His64. Loss of positive polarity near the binding site causes an increase in C-N bond order. Support for this interpretation is threefold: (1) similar shifts to lower frequency occur for MbCO complexes when H-bond donation from His64(E7) occurs; (2) only one peak at approximately 2125 cm(-1), indicative of an apolar environment, is observed for CNRs bound to H64A or H64L Mb mutants or to chelated protoheme in soap micelles; and (3) the fraction of in conformation based on FTIR spectra correlates strongly with the fraction of geminate recombination after nanosecond laser photolysis. The in alkyl side chain conformation causes the photodissociated ligand to be "stuck" in the distal pocket, promoting internal rebinding, whereas the out conformation inhibits geminate recombination because part of the ligand is already in an open E7 channel, poised for rapid escape.
The Caregiver's Encyclopedia: A Versatile Resource in Caring for Older Adults

Dr. Muriel Gillick’s The Caregiver’s Encyclopedia: A Compassionate Guide to Caring for Older Adults, published by Johns Hopkins University Press, is a comprehensive guidebook intended to help careg...
"Unspoken Questions": A Qualitative Study of Rheumatologists' Perspectives on the Clinical Implementation of Patient-reported Outcome Measures.

Objective To identify rheumatologists’ views on perceived barriers and facilitators to the clinical implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academically affiliated clinical rheumatologists. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. De-identified transcripts were independently coded and analyzed for themes. Results Fifteen attending rheumatologists, 8 women (53%) and 7 men (47%) with a median of 15 years in practice (range 5 to 43) at two urban academic medical centers participated in interviews. Rheumatologists identified several barriers to integrating PROMs in clinical care, highlighting physician buy-in and culture change as significant challenges beyond logistical considerations. They further underscored the lack of effective interventions and resources for addressing the domains of most interest to patients. Physicians also recognized significant benefits of PROMs in clinical care, including contributing to the clinical impression by providing the patient perspective, and promoting agenda setting by uncovering “unspoken questions.” They additionally noted that PROMs could support treatment planning, build patient-physician relationships, and facilitate patient engagement. Participants suggested that technology, physician education, and team-based care could facilitate the effective implementation of PROMs. Conclusion Rheumatologists identified multiple mechanisms through which PROMs could augment clinical care, but also noted several obstacles to implementation, questioning the added value of PROMs and the limited availability of interventions to improve patient-centered outcomes. Programs seeking to successfully integrate PROMs to enhance patient-centered care and meet quality benchmarks should prioritize physician buy-in and training and provide resources to address the outcomes that are measured.
A Renewed Focus on Health Disparities in the Year 2020: Reexamining Geospatial Disparities.

To achieve the ultimate goal of health equity for all people in the United States, new methods are necessary to further understand health disparities in cancer. Geospatial approaches to examine outcomes in cancer control and population sciences in the United States is an area of growing interest, but traditional methods are hindered by the use of a single location at the time of diagnosis. Incorporating residential histories into geospatial analyses overcomes this challenge and is a step forward in improving our understanding of geospatial disparities in cancer outcomes. See related article by Wiese et al., p. 2119
Interpretable Forward and Inverse Design of Particle Spectral Emissivity Using Common Machine-Learning Models

Author(s): Elzouka, M; Yang, C; Albert, A; Prasher, RS; Lubner, SD | Abstract: Radiative particles are ubiquitous in nature and in various technologies. Calculating radiative properties from known geometry and designs can be computationally expensive, and trying to invert the problem to come up with designs specific to desired radiative properties is even more challenging. Here, we report a machine-learning (ML)-based method for both the forward and inverse problem for dielectric and metallic particles. Our decision-tree-based model is able to provide explicit design rules for inverse problems. Furthermore, we can use the same trained model for both the forward and the inverse problem, which greatly simplifies the computation. Our methodology shows the promise of augmenting optical design optimizations by providing interpretable and actionable design rules for rapidly finding approximate solutions for the inverse design problem. Inverse design is usually done by expensive, slow, iterative optimization. Elzouka et al. show how a simple machine-learning model (decision trees) can efficiently perform inverse design in one shot, while recovering design rules understandable by humans. Inverse design of the spectral emissivity of particles is used as an example.
Favoring Complexity: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors That Influence Concept Selection When Designing for Additive Manufacturing

Abstract The capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM) open up designers’ solution space and enable them to build designs previously impossible through traditional manufacturing (TM). To leverage this design freedom, designers must emphasize opportunistic design for AM (DfAM), i.e., design techniques that leverage AM capabilities. Additionally, designers must also emphasize restrictive DfAM, i.e., design considerations that account for AM limitations, to ensure that their designs can be successfully built. Therefore, designers must adopt a “dual” design mindset—emphasizing both, opportunistic and restrictive DfAM—when designing for AM. However, to leverage AM capabilities, designers must not only generate creative ideas for AM but also select these creative ideas during the concept selection stage. Design educators must specifically emphasize selecting creative ideas in DfAM, as ideas perceived as infeasible through the traditional design for manufacturing lens may now be feasible with AM. This emphasis could prevent creative but feasible ideas from being discarded due to their perceived infeasibility. While several studies have discussed the role of DfAM in encouraging creative idea generation, there is a need to investigate concept selection in DfAM. In this paper, we investigated the effects of four variations in DfAM education: (1) restrictive, (2) opportunistic, (3) restrictive followed by opportunistic (R-O), and (4) opportunistic followed by restrictive (O-R), on students’ concept selection process. We compared the creativity of the concepts generated by students to the creativity of the concepts they selected. The creativity of designs was measured on four dimensions: (1) uniqueness, (2) usefulness, (3) technical goodness, and (4) overall creativity. We also performed qualitative analyses to gain insight into the rationale provided by students when making their design decisions. From the results, we see that only teams from the restrictive and dual O-R groups selected ideas of higher uniqueness and overall creativity. In contrast, teams from the dual R-O DfAM group selected ideas of lower uniqueness compared with the mean uniqueness of ideas generated. Finally, we see that students trained in opportunistic DfAM emphasized minimizing build material the most, whereas those trained only in restrictive DfAM emphasized minimizing build time. These results highlight the need for DfAM education to encourage AM designers to not just generate creative ideas but also have the courage to select them for the next stage of design.
Role of cerebral digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of pulse synchronous tinnitus.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the diagnostic evaluation of a highly selected patient population presenting with pulse-synchronous tinnitus (PST). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients referred for evaluation of possible vascular etiology of pulsatile tinnitus. Patients were evaluated with regards to presenting signs, comorbidities, non-invasive imaging results, angiographic findings and outcomes. Results Fifteen patients underwent cerebral DSA. Dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) was identified in six patients, and five patients had other significant vascular pathology identified on DSA. Seven patients with ‘negative’ non-invasive imaging were found to have significant pathology on DSA. Conclusions Catheter angiography may have a significant yield in appropriately selected patients presenting with pulse synchronous tinnitus.
Exploring Mechanisms in the Entrepreneurial Passion–Entrepreneurial Behavior Relationship: Mediating Role of Growth-Oriented Intentions:

This research explores the mechanisms that connect entrepreneurial passion (EP) to entrepreneurial behavior. We investigate the mediating impact of growth-oriented intentions on the relationship be...
Teach What You Preach

Students and instructors alike have lamented the nature of methods instruction in political science curricula. Existing research has presented a number of innovative approaches to engage students in this important learning enterprise, from blogging and simulations to data visualization and the use of clickers. This article builds upon this literature by arguing that the policy memo is particularly suited for introducing basic methodological concepts to upper-division undergraduate students. To facilitate its use for this purpose in addition to its utility as a knowledge assessment tool, I offer a policy memo template based on over ten years of experience as a strategist and analyst in the U.S. military. The article also includes a detailed description of the basic methodological concepts that can be developed through each section of the template. Specifically, the policy memo can be used to introduce students to concepts like identifying a critical research question, defining and measuring variables, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, using data to assess hypotheses, evaluating the authoritativeness of sources, and devising the theoretical implications of one’s research. I present some preliminary results that support the policy memo’s inclusion as a tool of methods instruction, but the pedagogical literature - which argues for integrative, experiential, relevant, and short assignments - provides the strongest rationale for its use.
Interactome Analysis Illustrates Diverse Gene Regulatory Processes Associated with LIN28A in Human iPS Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells

A single protein can be multifaceted, playing different roles depending on the cellular contexts and interacting molecules. LIN28A is a multi-functional RNA-binding protein that governs developmental timing, cell fate determination, stem cell pluripotency, cellular growth, and metabolism. LIN28A is best known as a post-transcriptional regulator of let-7 microRNA biogenesis, but its other roles have been increasingly recognized and studied. Although LIN28A-binding RNAs have been extensively analyzed, protein complexes associated with LIN28A have not been comprehensively studied. To more thoroughly understand the molecular roles of LIN28A, we profiled the endogenous LIN28A-interacting proteins using immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In order to enlighten its roles during neural development, we used neural progenitor cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We identified more than 400 LIN28A-interacting proteins, including 149 RNA-independent interactors. These interactors include proteins involved in RNA splicing and translation, as well as endoplasmic reticulum- or stress granule-localizing proteins, SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. In addition, interaction with CARM1 methyltransferase led us to discover an arginine methylation of LIN28A. Overall, our analysis opens a new avenue for studying LIN28A’s gene regulatory roles including those in epigenetic regulation.
Training Many-to-Many Recurrent Neural Networks with Target Propagation.

Deep neural networks trained with back-propagation have been the driving force for the progress in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing. However, back-propagation has often been criticized for its biological implausibility. More biologically plausible alternatives to backpropagation such as target propagation and feedback alignment have been proposed. But most of these learning algorithms are originally designed and tested for feedforward networks, and their ability for training recurrent networks and arbitrary computation graphs is not fully studied nor understood. In this paper, we propose a learning procedure based on target propagation for training multi-output recurrent networks. It opens doors to extending such biologically plausible models as general learning algorithms for arbitrary graphs.
Electrifying the Future with Green Vehicle: A Review on Prospects and Issues of Electric Vehicle in India

In recent years, a significant research attention has been given for the protection of the environment with an increase in environmental pollution and a continuous increase in global warming. Due to these issues, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy and the latest technologies such as electric vehicles have received an increased research attention. The transport sector accounts for 18% of total energy consumption in India. In the last few years, the Indian Segment of Electric Vehicles has been increased. However, the growth rate has been slow; the support for policy was not enough to fully realize the potential of the electricity market. When compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, sales of EVs are still low. Electric vehicles have benefits such as environmental friendly, as they have the advantageous characteristics such as non-polluting, reducing dependency on conventional fuel, and low running cost. High price, charging infrastructure, and limited range are some of the major issues involved with electric vehicles. When renewable energy sources are not available, the development of new technologies in the EV sector creates an additional power source. Industry leaders believe that electric vehicles will be the best option for the Indian public to develop a sustainable future.
Two-Phase Pressure Drop Across Abrupt Area Changes in Oscillatory Flow

The ability of one-dimensional momentum balances to predict behavior during two-phase oscillatory flow has been examined. Flow oscillations in a Freon-Freon vapor system were induced by cycling a t...
Performance of an Adaptive Array Processor Subjected to Time-Varying Interference

Abstract Array processors for passive detection of directional wide-band Signals are commonly used in sonar, seismic work, and radio astronomy. The performance of such processors is degraded by directional noise sources referred to as interferences and adaptive processors to eliminate the effect of interferences have been used for many years. The issue addressed in this paper is movement of the interference and the effect that this has on adaptive loop design. The processor considered in the paper is an array of adjustable FIR filters using the Widrow LMS algorithm to adjust the filter weights. Changes in interference patterns affect both the covariance matrix of the observed signal and the optimum weight vector. For the purposes of this paper the optimum weight vector is modelled as an independent-increment process. This model permits the rigorous derivation of the optimum adaptive-loop gain parameter and of worst-case performance. In general it is found. that interference movement results in two error components: a gradient-noise component and a tracking component. Increases in adaptive loop gain decrease the tracking component but increase the gradient-noise component. Thus for a given set of interference-motion statistics an optimum gain can be found.
Sequential Quadratic Programming for Parameter Identification Problems

Abstract Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is a technique for nonlinear equality constrained minimization problems, which, from the point of view of local convergence, is equivalent to finding a root of the gradient of the Lagrangian by Newton's method, if the second order sufficient conditions hold. For general, unstructured, finite dimensional problems the size of the equation for the Newton step is reduced by means of an orthogonal factorization of the matrix of constraint gradients. In this paper we show how certain regularized parameter identification problems, which are posed in Hilbert space, can be solved by SQP without any need for orthogonal factorizations. This extends recent work of S. J. Wright and one of the authors (CTK). We discuss how certain nondegeneracy conditions can be verified in a general setting and the interpretation of sufficient conditions for quadratic convergence of the SQP iterates.
An Efficient Algorithm for Computing the Weighted Least Absolute Value Estimate in Power System Static State Estimation

Abstract The use of non-quadratic criteria for power system state estimation has been suggested in order to facilitate bad data detection and identification (Merrill and Schweppe, 1971). In particular, the weighted least absolute value (WLAV) criterion has been shown to have desirable bad data rejection properties (Kotiuga and Vidyasagar, 1982). The WLAV problem is equivalent to a linear programming problem, and thus, LP solution techniques such as the simplex method can be used to compute a solution. The use of a general technique such as the simplex method is not efficient, however, and may be prohibitive for large problems. In this paper, application of a direct solution method for WLAV problems developed by Bartels, Conn, and Sinclair (1978) is discussed. Two enhancements of their method are developed. A technique for determining the initial basis measurement set using power network observability analysis (Krumpholz, Clements, and Davis, 1980) is described and application of the method of partial refactorization (Chan and Brandwajn, 1985) to this problem is presented. Performance of the algorithm on realistic networks is demonstrated.
Computer science: past, present, and future

The U. S. National Science Foundation created the Computing Community Consortium to stimulate the computing research community to envision and pursue longer-range, more audacious research challenges.
How Feminist Theory Became (Criminal) Law: Tracing the Path to Mandatory Criminal Intervention in Domestic Violence Cases

Our popular understanding of domestic violence has shifted significantly over the past forty years, and with it, our legal response. We have moved from an interpretation of domestic violence as a private relationship problem managed through counseling techniques to an approach that configures domestic violence first and foremost as a public crime. Mandatory criminal intervention policies reflect and reinforce this interpretation. How we arrived at this point, and which understanding of domestic violence facilitated this shift, is the focus of this Article. I argue that the move to intense criminalization has been driven by a distinctly feminist interpretation of domestic violence, what I call the feminist understanding of domestic violence as patriarchal force. I demonstrate how this understanding grew out of a feminist rejection of alternative theories of domestic violence, specifically psychological and “family violence” theories, and was informed by earlier radical feminist theorizing on rape. I offer this account as a contribution to the ongoing feminist debate over mandatory policies, suggesting that for feminists looking to reform the current system, a different interpretation of domestic violence may be a necessary starting point. ABSTRACT • 217 INTRODUCTION • 218 I. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE • 221 A. Victim Blaming • 222 217 INTRODUCTION • 218 I. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE • 221 A. Victim Blaming • 222 * SJD Candidate, Harvard Law School. The author wishes to thank the editors of the Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, as well as Janet Halley, Jeannie Suk, Duncan Kennedy, Elizabeth Bartholet, Nicholas Bala and Palma Paciocco. 1. SUSAN SCHECHTER, WOMEN AND MALE VIOLENCE 209 (1982).
The Un-Balanced Fourth Amendment: A Cultural Study of the Drug War, Racial Profiling and Arvizu

In this Article, Professor Frank Rudy Cooper provides a cultural studies approach to the encoding and decoding of the drug war that will allow us to draw important conclusions about the effects of the drug war on the Court. In Part I of this Article, he describes how the field of cultural studies reads popular culture through the analytical tools of "encoding" and "decoding." In Part II, he analyzes why and how law enforcement has encoded the drug war as requiring increased prosecution of drug users and drug dealers. In Part III, he considers how the Court's decoding of law enforcement's drug war discourse has led to the Un-Balanced Fourth Amendment, which is the Court's trend toward weighing law enforcement interests more heavily than privacy interests. In Part IV, Professor Cooper argues for creation of an oppositional decoding of the drug war to counteract the negative consequences resulting from the drug war discourse defined by law enforcement and sanctioned by the Supreme Court.
Crunch the can or throw the bottle? Effect of “bottle deposit laws” and municipal recycling programs

Abstract Although there is growing public awareness about environmental issues, incentive mechanisms leading to individual pro-environmental behaviors remain less investigated. This article examines the impact of bottle deposit laws (BDL), municipal recycling programs (MRP), and the ease of municipal recycling on recycling frequency for numerous products. An online survey of U.S. and Canadian households was conducted to collect data about individuals’ recycling practices and perceptions. We contracted an online survey company, Global Market Insite (GMI), to recruit panelists within their database to take the survey. GMI invited 2700 consumer panelists within their database representing all contiguous U.S. states and all Canadian provinces with 2511 surveys completed. Utilizing specific treatment groups and propensity score matching to control for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that MRP has a greater impact on recycling behaviors than BDL, and that the perceived ease of MRP positively influences individual recycling behaviors. For BDL without a municipal program being present, their effect is only for those products requiring the deposit. This research is useful for agencies interested in encouraging recycling behavior and researchers interested in the determinants of recycling behavior. Both programs should be measured for effectiveness and municipal recycling programs should be implemented where the goal is to promote recycling behavior as it was shown here to have a greater impact on recycling programs and may be perceived as an easier thing to do.
No Right Without a Remedy: Foundations of Investor-State Arbitration

This Article explores a fundamental aspect of modern international investment law: its remedy to enforce a breach. I argue that investorstate arbitration is subject to different conceptualizations that may animate the way in which adjudicators understand what type of right is conferred to investors when granted the invocation of responsibility against a host state. I explore the consequences of the three distinct conceptualizations (i.e., direct right, beneficiary right, or agency) by reference to the current debate regarding to whom countermeasures are opposable under international law. I show how the three dimensions imply that the construction of substantive law entails important assumptions about the procedures that will apply when that substantive law is ultimately enforced. In this sense, the Article evidences some of the methodological limitations of the ‘procedural-substantive’ distinction often encountered in international law analysis. * Associate Professor, James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona (July 2014); formerly Counsel at ICSID and Teaching Fellow at Duke and Stanford Law Schools. I would like to thank Negar Katirai, Joost Pauwelyn, and Lucy Seyfarth. I am obliged to disclose that between 2007 and 2010 I worked as counsel in the World Bank’s legal vice-presidency and ICSID’s secretariat. Also, between 2004 and 2006 I acted as a counsel for Corn Products International Inc., the claimant in one case discussed in this chapter. An abridged version of this Article will also appear in THE FOUNDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW: BRINGING THEORY INTO PRACTICE, Z. DOUGLAS, J. PAUWELYN, AND J. E. VINUALES, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, OUP (2014). All errors are mine. 1 Puig: No Right Without a Remedy: Foundations of Investor-State Arbitrat Published by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 2014 04_PUIG (DO NOT DELETE) 6/4/2014 2:18 AM 830 U. Pa. J. Int’l L. [Vol. 35:3
The structure of projective maps between real projective manifolds

In this paper we study the set of projective maps between compact properly convex real projective manifolds. We show that this set contains only finitely many distinct homotopy classes and each homotopy class has the structure of a real projective manifold. When domain is irreducible and the target is strictly convex, our results imply that each non-trivial homotopy class contains at most one projective map. These results are motivated by the theory of holomorphic maps between compact complex manifolds.
Hard Processes in QCD

I shall try and restrict the topics which are covered in this summary to those topics on which there has been some significant discussion at this Workshop. Thus, this is in no sense a review of hard processes in QCD.
Type Theory and Homotopy

The purpose of this informal survey article is to introduce the reader to a new and surprising connection between Logic, Geometry, and Algebra which has recently come to light in the form of an interpretation of the constructive type theory of Per Martin-Lof into homotopy theory and higher-dimensional category theory.
Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740): a potent, selective, and orally active group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist possessing anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties.

2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (9) was designed as a conformationally constrained analog of glutamic acid. For 9, the key torsion angles (τ1 and τ2) which determine the relative positions of the α-amino acid and distal carboxyl functionalities are constrained where τ1 = 166.9° or 202° and τ 2 = 156°, respectively. We hypothesized that 9 would closely approximate the proposed bioactive conformation of glutamate when acting at group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The racemic target molecule (±)-9, its C2-diastereomer (±)-16, and its enantiomers (+)-9 (LY354740) and (−)-9 (LY366563) were prepared by an efficient, stereocontrolled, and high-yielding synthesis from 2-cyclopentenone. Our hypothesis that 9 could interact with high affinity and specificity at group 2 mGluRs has been supported by the observation that (±)-9 (EC50 = 0.086 ± 0.025 μM) and its enantiomer (+)-9 (EC50 = 0.055 ± 0.017 μM) are highly potent agonists for group 2 mGluRs in the rat cerebral cortical slice pre...
Performance analysis of a part of speech tagging task

In this paper, we attempt to make a formal analysis of the performance in automatic part of speech tagging. Lower and upper bounds in tagging precision using existing taggers or their combination are provided. Since we show that with existing taggers, automatic perfect tagging is not possible, we offer two solutions for applications requiring very high precision: (1) a solution involving minimum human intervention for a precision of over 98.7%, and (2) a combination of taggers using a memory based learning algorithm that succeeds in reducing the error rate with 11.6% with respect to the best tagger involved.
Dynamic triggering of high-frequency bursts by strong motions during the 2004 Parkfield earthquake sequence

High-pass filtering (>20 Hz) of acceleration records from the USGS Parkfield Dense Seismograph Array (UPSAR) reveals a series of bursts that occur only during strong shaking from the 2004 Mw6 Parkfield, California, earthquake and its immediate aftershocks. Because there is no correlation between these high frequency bursts observed at closely spaced stations, we hypothesize that they are associated with dynamically triggered events occurring within 20 meters of the stations in the highly fractured shallow crust. The triggering threshold was found to be ∼0.02 MPa, consistent with a previous estimate based on a similar analysis of high-frequency bursts observed in strong motion data from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan (Fischer et al., 2008). The consistent observation of high-frequency bursts at both Parkfield and Taiwan suggest that they may be a common phenomenon associated with strong motion in the very shallow crust.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Se-Doped AlSb: Evidence for Negative-U of the DX Center

A metastable electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) signal is observed in Se-doped AlSb. When cooled in the dark, the sample is nonparamagnetic. After illumination with white light from a tungsten source a strong, persistent EPR signal with an isotropic {ital g} factor of 1.949 is observed. The metastability of the signal is consistent with earlier work done on {ital DX}-like centers. The absence of any EPR when cooled in the dark is direct evidence for the negative-{ital U} model. The EPR arises from the effective-mass state of the defect, which is not filled at thermal equilibrium. A detailed analysis of the line shape reveals that the linewidth is determined by hyperfine interactions. The extent of the wave function is found to be comparable to the predicted value of the effective-mass state.
Fault-Tolerant Distributed Theorem Proving

In recent years, there have been many examples of signicant formalization ef- forts in higher-order logics, including the formalization of Java [12], the veri cation of the SCI cache-coherency protocol [5], the verication of the AAMP5 avionics processor [11] in PVS [2], the verication and automated optimization of Ensemble protocols [10,7], and many others. Higher-order logics are often cho- sen for these endeavors not only because they can formalize meta-principles, but also because they retain the conciseness and intuition of the original design.
The metal-insulator transition of NbO2: An embedded Peierls instability

Results of first-principles augmented spherical-wave electronic-structure calculations for niobium dioxide are presented. Both metallic rutile and insulating low-temperature NbO2, which crystallizes in a distorted rutile structure, are correctly described within density functional theory and the local density approximation. Metallic conductivity is carried by metal t2g orbitals, which fall into the one-dimensional d∥ band and the isotropically dispersing egπ bands. Hybridization of both types of bands is almost negligible outside narrow rods along the line X-R. In the low-temperature phase splitting of the d∥ band due to metal-metal dimerization as well as upshift of the egπ bands due to increased p-d overlap remove the Fermi surface and open an optical band gap of about 0.1 eV. The metal-insulator transition arises as a Peierls instability of the d∥ band in an embedding background of egπ electrons. This basic mechanism should also apply to VO2, where, however, electronic correlations are expected to play a greater role due to stronger localization of the 3d electrons.
Dineodymium tritelluride, Nd2Te3

From a single-crystal study, Nd(2)Te(3) is found to be isostructural with Gd(2)Te(3), crystallizing in the U(2)S(3) structure type. Each of the two non-equivalent Nd atoms is surrounded by seven Te atoms, with the polyhedra best described as a seven-octahedron and a monocapped trigonal prism. All atoms lie on mirror planes.
Preferential Partner Selection in Evolutionary Labor Markets: A Study in Agent-Based Computational Economics

This paper reports on computational experiments for an agent-based computational economics (ACE) model of a labor market with choice and refusal of contractual partners and endogenously evolving work-site behavior. Three types of labor market structures are examined: two-sided markets comprising workers and employers; partially fluid markets comprising pure workers, pure employers, and agents capable of functioning both as workers and as employers; and endogenous-type markets in which each agent is capable of functioning as both a worker and an employer. Particular attention is focused on experimentally determined correlations between market structure and the formation and evolution of contractual networks, and between contractual network formation and the types of work-site interactions and social welfare outcomes that these contractual networks support.
Mean field theory for sigmoid belief networks

We develop a mean field theory for sigmoid belief networks based on ideas from statistical mechanics. Our mean field theory provides a tractable approximation to the true probability distribution in these networks; it also yields a lower bound on the likelihood of evidence. We demonstrate the utility of this framework on a benchmark problem in statistical pattern recognition-the classification of handwritten digits.
Chapter 2 – Conditional Probability and Conditional Expectation

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews conditional probability and conditional expectation. In probability theory and statistics, given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y, the conditional probability distribution of Y given X is the probability distribution of Y, when X is known to be a particular value. It has been observed that calculations involving conditional probability mass function may lack a complete prescription to the same, thus, seemingly be a nuisance. The chapter presents an analysis of the dice game known as craps, which provides an educational example of the use of conditional probability in stochastic modeling. Here the win probability with fair dice is unfavorable, that is, it is less than half and with shaved dice, the win probability is favorable slightly better. What appears to be a slight change becomes, in fact, quite significant when a large number of games are played. To study a random sum: X = ξ1 + · · · + ξN when ξ1, ξ2,… are continuous random variables, we need to extend our knowledge of conditional distributions.
Release Point Determination and Dispersion Reduction for Ballistic Airdrops

Physics based models for all phases of an airdrop are presented. These models can be used in conjunction with near real-time wind measurements to optimize an air release point for multi-package bundles in high-altitude low-opening (HALO) airdrops with ballistic drogue and main parachutes. In addition to using the predictive capability of the models to select optimal release points for minimum miss distance, several methods are presented that can reduce multi-package impact dispersion. Variations in a derived wind drift coefficient, which relates the inertial properties of each package to its aerodynamic characteristics, are shown to result in significant dispersion in winds with non-constant direction. Mitigation of this effect through manipulation of the bundle mass or aerodynamic properties is proposed in conjunction with a simulation based aircraft heading and package release order optimization to minimize the overall impact dispersion. Additional optimizations are used to select main parachute deployment altitudes for each package to further reduce the airdrop dispersion. The methods presented are designed to be suitable for real-time implementation on a mobile computer that monitors aircraft flight and wind data and interfaces with ballistic parachute systems. ∗UAS Controls Engineer, Autonomous Control Branch, Power and Control Division, Aerospace Systems Directorate, 2210 Eighth Street, Room 300, Email josiah.vandermey@gmail.com †Principal Aerospace Engineer, Autonomous Control Branch, Power and Control Division, Aerospace Systems Directorate, 2210 Eighth Street, Ste. 21, Email david.doman@us.af.mil, Ph. (937) 713-7003, Fellow AIAA ‡Research Engineer, 1270 North Fairfield Road, Email adam.gerlach.ctr@us.af.mil, Ph. (937) 713-7040
Driver Behavior Effects on Fuel Consumption in Urban Driving

Data are examined from two published experimental studies in which drivers were instructed to drive other than normally, with the traffic: for example, to minimize fuel consumption or to minimize t...
Melting systematics in mid-ocean ridge basalts : application of a plagioclase-spinel melting model to global variations in major element chemistry and crustal thickness

We present a new model for anhydrous melting in the spinel and plagioclase stability fields that provides enhanced predictive capabilities for the major element compositional variability found in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs). The model is built on the formulation of Kinzler and Grove (1992) and Kinzler (1997) but incorporates new experimental data collected since these calibrations. The melting model is coupled to geodynamic simulations of mantle flow and mid-ocean ridge temperature structure to investigate global variations in MORB chemistry and crustal thickness as a function of mantle potential temperature, spreading rate, mantle composition, and the pattern(s) of melt migration. While the initiation of melting is controlled by mantle temperature, the cessation of melting is primarily determined by spreading rate, which controls the thickness of the lithospheric lid, and not by the exhaustion of clinopyroxene. Spreading rate has the greatest influence on MORB compositions at slow to ultraslow spreading rates (<2 cm/yr half rate), where the thermal boundary layer becomes thicker than the oceanic crust. A key aspect of our approach is that we incorporate evidence from both MORB major element compositions and seismically determined crustal thicknesses to constrain global variations in mantle melting parameters. Specifically, we show that to explain the global data set of crustal thickness, Na8, Fe8, Si8, Ca8/Al8, and K8/Ti8 (oxides normalized to 8 wt % MgO) require a relatively narrow zone over which melts are pooled to the ridge axis. In all cases, our preferred model involves melt transport to the ridge axis over relatively short horizontal length scales (~25 km). This implies that although melting occurs over a wide region beneath the ridge axis, up to 20–40% of the total melt volume is not extracted and will eventually refreeze and refertilize the lithosphere. We find that the temperature range required to explain the global geochemical and geophysical data sets is 1300°C to 1450°C. Finally, a small subset of the global data is best modeled as melts of a depleted mantle source composition (e.g., depleted MORB mantle—2% melt).
Using the phenoscape knowledgebase to relate genetic perturbations to phenotypic evolution.

Summary The abundance of phenotypic diversity among species can enrich our knowledge of development and genetics beyond the limits of variation that can be observed in model organisms. The Phenoscape Knowledgebase (KB) is designed to enable exploration and discovery of phenotypic variation among species. Because phenotypes in the KB are annotated using standard ontologies, evolutionary phenotypes can be compared with phenotypes from genetic perturbations in model organisms. To illustrate the power of this approach, we review the use of the KB to find taxa showing evolutionary variation similar to that of a query gene. Matches are made between the full set of phenotypes described for a gene and an evolutionary profile, the latter of which is defined as the set of phenotypes that are variable among the daughters of any node on the taxonomic tree. Phenoscape's semantic similarity interface allows the user to assess the statistical significance of each match and flags matches that may only result from differences in annotation coverage between genetic and evolutionary studies. Tools such as this will help meet the challenge of relating the growing volume of genetic knowledge in model organisms to the diversity of phenotypes in nature. The Phenoscape KB is available at http://kb.phenoscape.org. genesis 53:561–571, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aerodynamic Forces on Truck Models, Including Two Trucks in Tandem

CALIFORNIA PATH PROGRAM INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Aerodynamic Forces on Truck Models, Including Two Trucks in Tandem Mustapha Hammache, Mark Michaelian, Fred Browand University of Southern California California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2001-27 This work was performed as part of the California PATH Program of the University of California, in cooperation with the State of California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency, Department of Transportation; and the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Report for MOU 387, TO 4214 October 2001 ISSN 1055-1425 CALIFORNIA PARTNERS FOR ADVANCED TRANSIT AND HIGHWAYS