cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Ni3Fe and Fe75Al12.5Ge12.5

Abstract Magnetization curves were measured on Ni 3 Fe and Fe 75 Al 12.5 Ge 12.5 nanocrystals of different grain sizes. These materials were prepared by high-energy ball milling, followed by annealing at various temperatures. The alloy compositions were chosen because they have low magnetostriction in bulk form, implying that strain in the samples should have little effect on their magnetic properties. The M-H magnetization curves were used to obtain the coercivity, the maximum permeability, and the saturation magnetization. Differences in these magnetic properties were related to changes in grain size and internal RMS strain. In spite of the low bulk magnetostriction of these materials, the internal stress controlled the coercivity. The changes in permeability, however, were not as expected from the trend in grain size. We suggest that the powder morphology, plays an important role in determining the soft magnetic properties of these nanocrystalline alloys.
Shameful secrets and shame-prone dispositions: How outcome expectations mediate the relation between shame and disclosure

Shame may be a deterrent to disclosing secrets to a counselor, and shame-proneness may be associated with generalized tendencies to avoid disclosure of distress. If so, the mechanism explaining these relations might be the expected outcomes about disclosure. College students in the United States (N = 312) thought of a shameful secret of theirs, and they rated the degree of shame they felt about the secret, their willingness to disclose the secret to a potential counselor, and their expected support from a potential counselor (i.e. outcome expectation). Participants also completed dispositional measures of shame-proneness, generalized outcome expectations about disclosure, and disclosure tendencies. Mediation analyses revealed that participants’ experiences of shame regarding their secrets predicted lower anticipated support from the counselor which predicted lower willingness to disclose the secret. This effect largely replicated at the dispositional level, such that anticipated risks of disclosure mediat...
First-principles calculation of the formation energy in MgO-CaO solid solutions

The electronic structure and total energy were calculated for ordered and disordered MgO-CaO solid solutions within multiple-scattering theory in real space and the local density approximation. Based on the dependence of the total energy on the unit-cell volume the equilibrium lattice parameter and formation energy were determined for different solution compositions. The formation energy of the solid solutions is found to be positive, which is in agreement with the experimental phase diagram, which shows a miscibility gap.
How Responsive is Bibliographic Instruction to the Needs of Users

Conducting research in an academic library requires more time and tenacity than many people have. Keith J. Stanger suggests ways to rectify this problem.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL), an uncommon variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), can affect any part of the neuraxis including the eyes, brain, leptomeninges, or spinal cord. It accounts for approximately 3% of all the primary CNS tumors diagnosed each year in the United States. Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency is the only established risk factor for PCNSL, and individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at greater risk for developing this tumor. Infection with HIV likely accounted for the increased incidence in PCNSL observed from 1970 to 2000, but over the last decade the number of cases of PCNSL has stabilized or decreased to about 0.47 cases per 100 000 persons. Owing to the rarity of PCNSL, the disease has been challenging to study and an effective standard of care has been difficult to establish. Unfortunately, although durable remissions may be achieved for some patients with PCNSL, the tumor relapses in most cases. In this review, we will focus on PCNSL in the immunocompetent host.
Pattern of post-miocene eustatic fluctuation of sea level

Abstract The oldest and highest emergent marine shoreline expressed as a prominent physiographic feature in the southeastern United States is the Late Miocene Orangeburg Scarp at an elevation of 200–250 ft. Any higher shore lines are covered by the terrestrial gravels of the Citronelle Formation, the deposition of which continued into Late Miocene time. The next highest emergent shore line is the Pliocene Surry Scarp at an elevation of 90–100 ft. Shorelines which are recognized by various authors at intermediate elevations are not prominent and do not mark prolonged stands of sea level. Withdrawal of the sea from its Late Miocene to its Pliocene stand appears to have been a eustatic event. The time of its occurrence and the amount of water involved both suggest that this eustatic drop in sea level was caused by the glaciation of Antarctica. Withdrawal from the Pliocene stand was probably caused by the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Distinct, but not prominent Pleistocene interglacial shorelines occur at elevations of 40–45 and 5–10 ft. A very distinct and prominent interglacial shoreline is found at an elevation of 25–30 ft. The highest and oldest of these is correlated with the relatively brief Aftonian interglacial, the strongly developed shoreline at 25–30 ft. with the prolonged Yarmouth interglacial and the weakly developed one at 5–10 ft. with the relatively brief Sangamon interglacial.
C-daunosaminyl derivatives by the wittig reaction☆

Abstract C -Glycosylation of a 2-deoxypyranose has been achieved for the first time by conversion of 4- O-p -nitrobenzoyl- N -trifluoroacetyldaunosamine in a Wittig reaction into the corresponding derivative of ethyl 2-(daunosaminyl)acetate. The product was predominantly (54%) in the desired α- l configuration (separated from the β- l anomer, 15%) required for further elaboration of C -daunosaminyl derivatives. Conversion into the corresponding derivatives of 2-(α- l -daunosaminyl)acetaldehyde and 2-(α- l -daunosaminyl)ethanol was also achieved.
The Political Philosophy of Henry Adams.

The use of superlatives is always dangerous, but it may be said, with little exaggeration, that Henry Adams was the Aristotle of America. His similarity to the great pupil of Plato, however, lies not so much in his influence upon subsequent thinkers as in the astonishing range of his interests and studies. Probably no other man of recent times has made such an ambitious effort as he to explore the entire realm of human knowledge and to deduce from it some logical answer to the riddle of the universe, with particular reference to the destiny of society. At a time when specialization had become the order of the day, and when it was considered presumptuous for a man to attempt to master more than one tiny segment of knowledge, he ranged the whole field like a titan, concerning himself with history, politics, economics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, mathematics, geology, anthropology, and psychology. To the casual reader, Adams is known chiefly as the writer of a charming and instructive, though possibly over-rated, autobiographical narrative. To scholars, he is known as an historian of the first rank, as a pioneer in the effort to develop a true science of history, and as the man who introduced the seminar method of teaching history into American universities. To a few, perhaps, he is known as a scientist, novelist, globe-trotter, and student of medieval art and architecture, but for some reason, he remains largely undiscovered, or at least unappreciated, as a political thinker. The popularity of The Education of Henry Adams has almost completely overshadowed his historical works, such as John Randolph, The Life of Albert Gallatin, and his nine-volume History of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison. His political novel, Democracy, which was published anonymously, had been largely forgotten before he was revealed as its author, and his Tendency of History, and The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma, which contain the best expositions of his theories of history and society, are such tedious reading that they have received relatively little attention. It may be objected at the outset that Adams was interested in the philosophy of history rather than in political theory. But in
The QKI-PLP pathway controls SIRT2 abundance in CNS myelin

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase expressed by oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS), is markedly up-regulated during active myelination (Li et al. (2007) J Neurosci 27:2606-2616; Southwood et al. (2007) Neurochem Res 32:187-195; Werner et al. (2007) J Neurosci 27:7717-7730). SIRT2 is a component of the myelin proteome and is severely reduced in the Plp1 knockout mouse brain, in which both proteolipid protein (PLP) and DM20 are absent (Werner et al. (2007) J Neurosci 27:7717-7730). The mechanisms that regulate SIRT2 expression in OLs and myelin remain to be investigated. We report for the first time that the expression of SIRT2 is regulated by the QKI-dependent pathway and this effect is mediated through selective regulation of PLP. In the homozygous quakingviable (qk(v) /qk(v) ) mutant mouse that harbors QKI deficiency in OLs (Bockbrader and Feng (2008) Future Neurol 3:655-668; Ebersole et al. (1996) Nat Genet 12:260-265; Hardy et al. (1996) J Neurosci 16:7941-7949), PLP, but not DM20 mRNA, was selectively down-regulated and SIRT2 protein was severely reduced whereas SIRT2 mRNA expression was unaffected. Expression of the cytoplasmic isoform QKI6 in OLs (Zhao et al. (2006) J Neurosci 26:11278-11286) rescued SIRT2 expression in the qk(v) /qk(v) mutant concomitantly with restoration of PLP expression. Moreover, SIRT2 protein is diminished in myelin tracts and compact myelin of the PLP-ISEdel mutant brain, in which PLP protein but not DM20 is selectively reduced (Wang et al. (2008) Exp Neurol 214:322-330). In contrast, SIRT2 expression and its cellular function in regulating process complexity are not affected by the absence of PLP in PLP-ISEdel non-myelinating OLs. Collectively, our results indicate that the abundance of SIRT2 in myelin is dependent on PLP, but not DM20.
Block Matching with Particle Swarm Optimization for Motion Estimation

Block matching algorithms successfully reduce the computational load of the motion estimation. Block based motion estimation algorithms rely on block matching of the macro blocks defined in the search windows. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied on block-matching problem. Particle swarm optimization is a computationally efficient iterative search algorithm that finds the best matching block between two consecutive frames. Finding the moving block in the image sequence requires a minimization algorithm. Using particle swarm optimization, the computational cost of the block matching is aimed to decrease. Particle swarm optimization is a heuristic algorithm and necessarily dependent on the selections of the parameters assigned. In our case, the particle swarm algorithm is designed to work on a small subset of the population of blocks. The position of a macro block in the estimated image can be revealed by the motion vectors generated by the particle swarm optimized block.
Solution of the contractive projection problem

In this paper we show that the class of J*-algebras (a class of concrete Jordan triple systems) is stable under the action of norm one projections. This result constitutes a general solution to a problem considered by the authors and others. Specifically our main result is: THEOREM 2. Let P be an arbitrary contractive projection defined on a J*-algebra M. Then P(M) is a Jordan triple system in the triple product (a, b, c) -+ (a, b, c) = P(f(ab*c t cb*a)), for a, b, c E P(M); and (P(M), ( )) has a faithful representation as a J”-algebra.
Work productivity in scleroderma: analysis from the University of California, Los Angeles scleroderma quality of life study

Objective To examine the productivity of patients with scleroderma (SSc) both outside and within the home in a large observational cohort.
A Polar Delta-Sigma Modulation (PDSM) Scheme for High Efficiency Wireless Transmitters

A novel polar delta-sigma modulation (PDSM) architecture that is suited for polar transmitters is proposed. The PDSM solves the noise convolution problem of existing envelope Delta-Sigma modulation techniques and it can provide robust in-band signal to noise performance with a moderate oversampling rate. The approach is expected find applications in high efficiency polar transmitters. Simulations with WCDMA downlink waveforms has validated the proposed concept.
Understanding women's desires for contraceptive counseling at the time of first-trimester surgical abortion.

Abstract Objective The objective was to investigate whether or not women presenting for a first-trimester surgical abortion want to discuss contraception on the day of their procedure. Study Design Between October 2012 and January 2013, an anonymous self-administered survey was distributed to women receiving first-trimester surgical abortions at four northern California family planning clinics. The survey obtained demographic information about each woman and inquired about her desire for contraceptive counseling during her appointment. Results were analyzed using both univariate and multivariable regression analyses to assess trends in responses related to desire for contraceptive counseling based on demographic and other variables. Results Of the 199 respondents, 64% reported that they did not want to talk to a counselor or doctor about contraception on the day of their abortion. About half of the women (52%) who did not want to discuss contraception indicated they already knew what they wanted for pregnancy prevention. Of the 25% who reported that they did want to discuss contraception, the most important topic desired from the counseling was identification of methods that were easier to use than what they used previously. Conclusion The majority of women seeking first-trimester surgical abortion may not desire additional information about contraception on the day of the procedure. Implications Statement This study demonstrates that a significant proportion of women may not want contraceptive counseling on the day of a planned surgical abortion.
The hPLIC Proteins May Provide a Link between the Ubiquitination Machinery and the Proteasome

Abstract Although there is a binding site on the proteasome for the polyubiquitin chains attached to degradation substrates by the ubiquitination machinery, it is currently unclear whether in vivo the activities of the ubiquitination machinery and the proteasome are coupled. Here we show that two human homologs of the yeast ubiquitin-like Dsk2 protein, hPLIC-1 and hPLIC-2, physically associate with both proteasomes and ubiquitin ligases in large complexes. Overexpression of hPLIC proteins interferes with the in vivo degradation of two unrelated ubiquitin-dependent proteasome substrates, p53 and IκBα, but not a ubiquitin-independent substrate. Our findings raise the possibility that the hPLIC proteins, and possibly related ubiquitin-like family members, may functionally link the ubiquitination machinery to the proteasome to affect in vivo protein degradation.
Defect correlation studies on 4H-SiC crystals and epitaxial layers for radiation detector applications

Nuclear radiation detectors in the energy range of soft x-rays have been fabricated using bulk semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC crystals and SI and n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on highly doped (0001) 4H-SiC substrates. The devices have been characterized by optical microscopy, current-voltage (I-V) measurements, thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy (94K – 650 K), Hall effect, van der Pauw measurements, and electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique. Both epitaxial layers exhibited relatively shallow levels related to Al, B, L- and D- centers. Deep level centers in the n-type epitaxial layer peaked at ∼ 400 K (E a ∼ 1.1 eV) and ∼ 470 K were correlated with IL2 defect and 1.1 eV center in high purity bulk SI 4H-SiC. The SI epitaxial layer exhibited peak at ∼ 290 K (E a = 0.82 – 0.87 eV) that was attributed to IL 1 and HK2 centers, and at ∼ 525 K that was related to intrinsic defects and their complexes with energy levels close to the middle of the band gap. Results of EBIC and optical microscopy characterization showed segregation of threading dislocations around comet tail defects in the n-type epitaxial layers. The I-V characteristics of the devices on SI epitaxial layers obtained in wide temperature range (94K – 650 K) exhibited steps at ∼ 1 V and ∼ 70 V corresponding to the ultimate trap filling of deep centers peaked at > 500 K and at ∼ 250 K (E a ∼ 0.57 eV), & ∼ 300 K (E a ∼ 0.85 eV) respectively. The high temperature resistivity measurements of bulk SI 4H-SiC sample revealed resistivity hysteresis that was attributed to the filling of the deep level electron trap centers. The responsivity of the n-type epitaxial SiC sensors to low energy x-rays is reported for the first time.
Impacts of Air–Sea Interaction on Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity

The influence of hurricane-ocean coupling on intensity and track of tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated through idealized numerical experiments using a coupled hurricane-ocean model. The focus is placed on how air-sea interaction affects TC tracks and intensity. It is found that the symmetric sea surface temperature (SST) cooling is primarily responsible for the TC weakening in the coupled experiments because the induced asymmetric circulation associated with the asymmetric SST anomalies is weak and shallow. The track difference between the coupled and fixed SST experiments is generally small because of the competing processes. One is associated with the modified TC asymmetries. The asymmetric SST anomalies - weaken the surface fluxes in the rear and enhance the fluxes in the front. As a result, the enhanced diabatic heating is located on the southern side for a westward-moving TC, tending to shift the TC southward. The symmetric SST anomalies weakens the TC intensity and thus the dymmetrization process, leading to more prominent TC asymmetries. The other is associated with the weakening of the beta drift resulting from the weakening of the TC outer strength. In the coupled experiment, the weakening of the beta drift leads to a more northward shift. By adjusting the vortex outer strength of the initial vortices, the beta drift can vary while the effect of air-sea interaction changes little. Two types of track differences simulated in the previous numerical studies are obtained.
Computer simulation as an aid to optimizing continuous-development two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography

Abstract A method for the computer simulation of continuous-development thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the separation of a mixture of 30 steroids id described. Both normal-phase—normal-phase and normal-phase—reversed-phase two-dimensional TLC are discussed. Examples are presented illustrating the agreement between predicted and experimental chromatograms.
Modelling triazolophane–halide binding equilibria using Sivvu analysis of UV–vis titration data recorded under medium binding conditions

Two different models that calculate association constants from UV–vis titration data have been evaluated for the 1:1 binding between triazolophane receptor ([Host] = 1–13 μM) and various halides F− , Cl− , Br− and I− in CH2Cl2 (K a ≈ 103–106 M− 1). The Drago model fits the ΔA values at a single wavelength as a function of the added guest concentration. The new computer program Sivvu performs equilibrium-restricted factor analysis using all the wavelengths of the dataset simultaneously. Both models generate comparable K a values, and both provide a means to assess the accuracy of the binding constant determination: K a [host] < 12. Analysis with Sivvu (1) allows the number of unique chemical absorbers to be identified in an unbiased manner. This analysis allowed for a 2:1, triazolophane:F− intermediate to be identified and included in the model. Sivvu also (2) allows alternate models to be quickly evaluated, (3) generates more accurate binding constants, and (4) generates the extinction profiles for eac...
CATALYSIS OF PHOSPHODIESTER TRANSESTERIFICATION BY CU(II)-TERPYRIDINE COMPLEXES WITH PERIPHERAL PENDENT BASE GROUPS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MECHANISM

Abstract In this paper we show that in phosphodiester transesterification catalyzed by copper(II)-terpyridine complexes both the metal-bound hydroxyl group and the peripheral pendent tertiary amino groups can provide general base catalysis. At neutral pH the pendent amino groups dominate the process because the metal-bound hydroxyl group is protonated. However, the metal-bound hydroxyl group is more effective at high pH, probably due to its higher basicity and/or closer location to the bound substrate.
Distance Training and Implementation Supports to Scale Up Integrated Treatment for People With Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

Objective: Integrated, evidence-based treatment for co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder (co-occurring disorders) reduces substance use, hospitalization, homelessness, incarceration, and treatment costs and promotes individuals’ recovery, independent living, and employment. This report describes and characterizes early uptake of New York State's Web-based training and distance implementation supports to promote statewide dissemination of integrated, evidence-based co-occurring disorders services. Methods: Thirty-five half-hour online modules provide training on integrated evidence-based co-occurring disorders treatment. Distance supports for implementation include monthly webinars, phone calls, and virtual learning communities. The authors calculated the proportion of programs with one or more practitioners who accessed the Web-based resources and the cumulative number of modules completed as an indicator of the reach of the Web-based approach to scaling up an innovation. They als...
Dependency Theory in the Political Economy of Health: An Anthropological Critique

The political economy of health is a multifaceted label that subsumes at least three separate theoretical perspectives: orthodox Marxist approaches, cultural critiques of medicine, and dependency theories. Anthropologists who advocate greater attention to the political economy of health have tended to overemphasize dependency theories, which have in fact been widely assailed in the sociological literature. In this article I examine some basic premises of dependency theories and analyze their contributions and limitations for the development of theory in the political economy of health. I also maintain that political economy must learn from anthropology as well as the other way around. Through this reciprocal integration of concepts, political economic approaches will enter into regular medical anthropology to provide a synthetic new perspective on sickness and health.
On the optimal control problem of a single-server queueing system

For a single-server queueing system (with a finite waiting room) with phase type arrivals and exponential service times, an optimal control for the service rate is derived. This generalizes the result of Scott and Jefferson for theM/M/1/1 queueing model.
Oxygen precipitation and the generation of dislocations in silicon

Abstract Oxygen-rich precipitates in silicon, and the generation of dislocations at the interfaces between the precipitates and the matrix were observed. The precipitates are square-shaped plates with 〈110〉 sides and {100} habit planes. Prismatic dislocation loops are generated in silicon by the mechanism of prismatic punching. The loops are identified as interstitial loops with ½ 〈110〉 Burgers vectors and 〈110〉 axis. An ideal loop is rhombus-shaped with line senses in 〈112〉 directions. Nucleation of loops follows the mechanism of Ashby and Johnson (1969): a shear loop is nucleated on an initial slip plane and completes a rhombus-shaped prismatic loop by repeated cross-slips. To our knowledge, the loop nucleation process is identified for the first time for a system completely under internal stress.
A canine model of intimal hyperplasia (IH) in autogenous vein grafting: a preliminary report.

High failure rates (10–40% at 1 year and 2–6% per year thereafter) of autologous vein grafts in peripheral bypass surgery due to progressive intimal hyperplasia (IH) have prompted researchers to search for an animal model that develops IH in a relatively short period of time. This study summarizes our experiences in promoting IH in a canine model. Eight to ten centimeters of both jugular veins were exposed in 40 adult mongrel conditioned dogs. After division into 4–5-cm lengths, the segment of jugular vein most proximal was ballooned at 800–900 mm Hg with a modified 8F Fogarty catheter to induce intimal and medial layer injury. The distal segment was left nonballooned. Segments of these autologous vein grafts, 1.5 cm in length, both ballooned and nonballooned, were then anastomosed, end to end, into the carotid and femoral circulations. Six weeks postoperatively the grafts were perfusion-fixed, harvested, and histologically processed, and the amount of the lumen in midgraft sections occupied by IH was det...
Behavioral and genetic diversity during dispersal analysis of a polymorphic esterase locus in southern pine beetle dendroctonus frontalis

Environ. Entomol. II: 1014-1018 (1982) Dispersal behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in response to synthetic aggregating pheromone (frontalin) indicates an exponential decrease in response with distance from the site of emergence. Differential response during dispersal among genotypes at a polymorphic esterase locus was found by using starch gel electrophoresis. These differ­ ences produced allelic distributions that predict increased genetic diversity concurrent with increasing dispersal distance from the source population. The southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonusfron­ talis Zimmennan (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is regarded as a major insect pest among Pinus spp. of the southern United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Ar­ izona. Though total population numbers are known to fluctuate drastically from year to year, epidemic levels have been maintained in some forests, such as in eastern Texas, for up to 20 years (Texas Forest Service 1978). Dispersing populations of SPB offer a unique oppor­ tunity for studying variability during active dispersal ep­ isodes. Aggregation of populations to new breeding habitats (i.e., pine host phloem) are regulated by a pher­ omone system composed of Frontalin (SPB produced) and a-pinene (host tree produced) (Kinzer et al. 1969). Considerable research effort has been devoted to studying the population dynamics and economic impact of the SPB in the southern United States; only recently has attention been given to the genetic variation main­ tained by pine beetle populations (Anderson et al. 1979, Namkoong et al. 1979). The principle objectives of this study were: (I) to characterize SPB dispersal behavior in response to a series of synthetic aggregation pheromone sources aligned in a distance-gradient, (2) to analyze the distribution of genetic variation within and among the responding pop­ ulations, and (3) to study possible relationships which may exist between dispersal behavior and the mainte­ nance of genetic variation in D. frontalis. This study represents the first attempt to simultaneously observe pine beetle behavior during active, pheromone-mediated dispersal and the genetic variation allocated among the dispersed population.
Self in relation to other: Preschoolers' verbal social comparisons within narrative discourse

In conversational stories about personal experiences, young children and co-narrators use social comparisons to represent and mutually construct an understanding of themselves.
Dopa decarboxylase and average lateral ctenidial activity of the oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin: Response to salinity change and extirpation of portions of the nervous system

Abstract 1. 1. DOPA deearboxylase and yellow-autofluorescence of cytosomal pigments were measured in ganglia, connectives, nerve, and ctenidium of the oyster Crassostrea virginica . 2. 2. Enzymatic activity and amount of cytosomal pigment was higher in oysters at the habitat salinity of 30‰ 3. 3. Immediate change in the habitat salinity, in most cases, produced a decrease in decarboxylase activity in the ctenidium which could be correlated with a reduction in the average basal lateral ciliary rate. 4. 4. Extirpation of a neuronal component either changed levels of enzymatic activity in other members of the nervous system, ctenidium and/or average lateral beating rate before and after electrical stimulation of the branchial nerve. 5. 5. Extirpation coupled with a change in salinity from 30 to 10‰, further reduced the enzymatic activity and response to electrical stimulation mentioned above. 6. 6. In summary, decarboxylase activity levels decrease in response to sudden changes in salinity and removal of neuronal components. This decrease in enzymatic activity correlates with a significant reduction in average basal lateral ciliary rate on the ctenidium. The presence of higher decarboxylase activities and greater amounts of cytosomal pigments in 30‰ habitat animals.
Point-of-Care Testing for Anticoagulation Monitoring in Neuroendovascular Procedures

POC testing is defined as diagnostic testing at or near the site of patient care. Rapid measurement of the intensity of anticoagulation and, more recently, platelet inhibition allows dose titration of adjuvant medications such a heparin and antiplatelet agents during neuroendovascular procedures. However, knowledge among practicing physicians regarding the pathophysiologic basis of these measurements and variations in knowledge about the differences among devices is often limited. This review discusses the role of anticoagulation in endovascular procedures and the currently available POC tests for anticoagulation monitoring.
Fiber-aligned polymer scaffolds for rotator cuff repair in a rat model

Background Repair techniques of rotator cuff tendon tears have improved in recent years; nonetheless, the failure rate remains high. Despite the availability of various graft materials for repair augmentation, there has yet to be a biomechanical study using fiber-aligned scaffolds in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fiber-aligned nanofibrous polymer scaffolds as a potential treatment-delivery vehicle in a rat rotator cuff injury model. Materials and methods Scaffolds with and without sacrificial fibers were fabricated via electrospinning and implanted to augment supraspinatus repair in rats. Repairs without scaffold augmentation were also performed to serve as controls. Rats were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, and repairs were evaluated histologically and biomechanically. Results Both scaffold formulations remained in place, with more noticeable cellular infiltration and colonization at 4 and 8 weeks after injury and repair for scaffolds lacking sacrificial fibers. Specimens with scaffolds were larger in cross-sectional area compared with controls. Biomechanical testing revealed no significant differences in structural properties between the groups. Some apparent material properties were significantly reduced in the scaffold groups. These reductions were due to increases in cross-sectional area, most likely caused by the extra thickness of the implanted scaffold material. No differences were observed between the 2 scaffold groups. Conclusions No adverse effect of surgical implantation of overlaid fiber-aligned scaffolds on structural properties of supraspinatus tendons in rat rotator cuff repair was demonstrated, validating this model as a platform for targeted delivery.
BROMUS INERMIS AND B. PUMPELLIANUS IN NORTH AMERICA

Since the introduction of the grass Bromus inermis Leyss. from Europe (Dwinelle, 1884) significant changes have occurred in populations of the North American native B: pumpellianus Scribn. This preliminary study is concerned with an evaluation of the apparent introgression of the two species of grasses which has followed. B. inermis, grown extensively on ranges and pastures in the United States and Canada, may -also be found along roadsides, railroad right-of-ways, and old fence lines rather generally throughout the range as indicated in figure 1. B. pumpellianus, the closest North American counterpart of B. inermis, ranges northward from the Intermountain Region into Canada and Alaska as far as the Seward Peninsula as indicated by herbarium specimen sources in figure 2. In recent years more aggressive introduced grasses, including B. inermis, have largely replaced B. pumpellianus and certain other native
Replicative Patterning and Determination

It is suggested that determination in embryonic development involves two processes: a differential regulation of gene replication order to yield a set of gene-specific replicative patterns, and the conversion of these patterns to a set of transcription potentials by a chromosomal-binding substance. The evidence from studies of Drosophila is discussed, and experimental tests are proposed.
New technique measures decreased transmural myocardial pressure in cardiomyoplasty

Background. We introduce the use of a fluid-filled balloon, interposed between myocardium and latissimus dorsi (LD), as a new technique to measure transmural myocardial pressure in an acute goat model of dynamic cardiomyoplasty. Methods. A half-ellipsoidal balloon, composed of polychloryl vinyl layers, was sutured to the atrioventricular groove in 5 goats, thereby completely enveloping both ventricles. Left LD dynamic cardiomyoplasty was then performed, anchoring the LD to the felt sewing skirt of the balloon so that the LD completely covered the balloon. Left ventricular pressure and balloon pressure were measured with the stimulator in the 1:2 mode as balloon volume was varied. Results. Average transmural myocardial pressure, defined as left ventricular pressure minus balloon pressure, decreased from 34.4 mm Hg to 15.6 mm Hg during stimulator-on beats ( p Conclusion. These results support the conclusion that dynamic cardiomyoplasty unloads to the left ventricle by decreasing wall stress. Furthermore, transmural myocardial pressure decreased more when balloon volume was increased, implying that the LD sarcomere length has an effect on wall stress. A balloon may therefore allow optimization of LD sarcomere length and thus assisted cardiac performance.
Control of Anthrax Toxin Gene Expression by the Transition State Regulator abrB

Bacillus anthracis produces the anthrax toxin proteins protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF) in a growth phase-dependent manner when cultured in liquid medium. Expression of the toxin genes pagA, lef, and cya peaks in late log phase, and steady-state levels of the toxin proteins are highest during the transition into stationary phase. Here we show that an apparent transition state regulator negatively regulates toxin gene expression. We identified two orthologues of the B. subtilis transition state regulator abrB in the B. anthracis genome: one on the chromosome and one on the 182-kb virulence plasmid pXO1. The orthologue located on the chromosome is predicted to encode a 94-amino-acid protein that is 85% identical to B. subtilis AbrB. The hypothetical protein encoded on pXO1 is 41% identical to B. subtilis AbrB but missing 27 amino acid residues from the amino terminus compared to the B. subtilis protein. Deletion of the pXO1-encoded abrB orthologue did not affect toxin gene expression under the conditions tested. However, a B. anthracis mutant in which the chromosomal abrB gene was deleted expressed pagA earlier and at a higher level than the parent strain. Expression of a transcriptional pagA-lacZ fusion in the abrB mutant was increased up to 20-fold during early exponential growth compared to the parent strain and peaked in mid-exponential rather than late exponential phase. In contrast to the strong effect of abrB on pagA expression, lef-lacZ and cya-lacZ expression during early-log-phase growth was increased only two- to threefold in the abrB null mutant. Western hybridization analysis showed increased PA, LF, and EF synthesis by the mutant. As is true in B. subtilis, the B. anthracis abrB gene is negatively regulated by spo0A. Our findings tie anthrax toxin gene expression to the complex network of postexponential phase adaptive responses that have been well studied in B. subtilis.
Comparative Antianaerobic Activity of BMS 284756

Agar dilution MIC methodology was used to compare the activity of BMS 284756 with those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 357 anaerobes. Overall, the respective MICs at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC50s) and MIC90s (in micrograms per milliliter) were as follows: BMS 284756, 0.5 and 2.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 16.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 4.0; trovafloxacin, 0.5 and 2.0; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 0.5 and 2.0; piperacillin-tazobactam, 0.25 and 8.0; imipenem, 0.06 and 1.0; clindamycin, 0.25 and 8.0; and metronidazole, 1.0 and >16.0. BMS 284756 is a promising new quinolone with excellent antianaerobic activity.
The Fc Region of an Antibody Impacts the Neutralization of West Nile Viruses in Different Maturation States

Flavivirus-infected cells secrete a structurally heterogeneous population of viruses because of an inefficient virion maturation process. Flaviviruses assemble as noninfectious, immature virions composed of trimers of envelope (E) and precursor membrane (prM) protein heterodimers. Cleavage of prM is a required process during virion maturation, although this often remains incomplete for infectious virus particles. Previous work demonstrated that the efficiency of virion maturation could impact antibody neutralization through changes in the accessibility of otherwise cryptic epitopes on the virion. In this study, we show that the neutralization potency of monoclonal antibody (MAb) E33 is sensitive to the maturation state of West Nile virus (WNV), despite its recognition of an accessible epitope, the domain III lateral ridge (DIII-LR). Comprehensive epitope mapping studies with 166 E protein DIII-LR variants revealed that the functional footprint of MAb E33 on the E protein differs subtly from that of the well-characterized DIII-LR MAb E16. Remarkably, aromatic substitutions at E protein residue 306 ablated the maturation state sensitivity of E33 IgG, and the neutralization efficacy of E33 Fab fragments was not affected by changes in the virion maturation state. We propose that E33 IgG binding on mature virions orients the Fc region in a manner that impacts subsequent antibody binding to nearby sites. This Fc-mediated steric constraint is a novel mechanism by which the maturation state of a virion modulates the efficacy of the humoral immune response to flavivirus infection.
A patch-clamp device with cell sorting and positioning functions

A patch-clamp (PC) microchip with cell sorting and positioning functions is reported, showing promise for an automated PC microsystem, which can potentially help avoid drawbacks of random cell selection or positioning for a PC microchip. The cell sorting and positioning are enabled by air bubble (AB) actuators. AB actuators are pneumatic actuators, in which air pressure is generated by microheaters within sealed microchambers. The sorting, positioning and capturing of 3T3 cells with a prototype device have been demonstrated successfully. Measurements found that the electrode impedance is 1.8 MΩ; the average seal resistance is 22 MΩ with a captured cell.
Abort Kicker Power Supply Systems at Fermilab

Over the past several years, Fermilab has been operating with a single turn proton abort system in both the superconducting Tevatron and the conventional Main Ring. The abort kicker power supply for this system discharges a lumped capacitance into the inductive magnet load, causing the beam to enter the abort channel. The characteristics of this current waveform are defined by the requirements of the machine operation. The standard fixed target running mode calls for 12 booster batches of beam which leaves a rotating gap in the beams of approx.1.8 ..mu..s. The current waveform is required to rise to 90% of I/sub max/ in this time to avoid beam loss from partially deflected beam. Aperture limitations in both the accelerator and the abort channel demand that the current in the magnets stays above this 90% I/sub max/ for the 21 ..mu..s needed to ensure all the beam has left the machine. The 25 mm displacement needed to cleanly enter the abort channel at 1 TeV corresponds to a maximum current in each of the 4 modules of approx.20 kA. Similar constraints are needed for the Main Ring and Tevatron antiproton abort systems. A unique feature of this design is the highmore » voltage, high current diode assembly used to clip the recharge of the capacitor bank. This allows the current to decay slowly with the L/R time constant of the magnet and diode series combination. Special attention is given to the diode characteristics needed for this passive switching element. Operational experience and proposed upgrades are given for the two operational systems. 2 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.« less
Correlates of Caregiver Burden Among Family Caregivers of Older Korean Americans

Results. Being female and the care recipient’s spouse were associated with higher burden. Conversely, a larger family support network, greater family agreement, and greater care management self-efficacy were associated with lower burden. A significant interaction was detected between functional dependency and family agreement; higher levels of family agreement moderated the association between care recipient functional dependency and caregiver burden. Discussion. Interventions to reduce caregiver burden in KA caregivers may be more effective if they include approaches specifically designed to build family support, improve family agreement, and increase caregivers’ self-efficacy.
The future of the past—an earth system framework for high resolution paleoclimatology: editorial essay

High-resolution paleoclimatology is the study of climate variability and change on interannual to multi-century time scales. Its primary focus is the past few millennia, a period lacking major shifts in external climate forcing and earth system configuration. Large arrays of proxy climate records derived from natural archives have been used to reconstruct aspects of climate in recent centuries. The main approaches used have been empirical and statistical, albeit informed by prior knowledge both of the physics of the climate, and of the processes imprinting climate information in the natural archives. We propose a new direction, in which emerging tools are used to formalize the combination of process knowledge and proxy climate records to better illuminate past climate variability on these time scales of great relevance to human concerns.
The basic SI model

A general overview of the SI model is provided, including the SI philosophy, essential components of the program, program structures, key roles, outcomes, and evaluation. A review of what we have learned about the importance of planning SI sessions, providing ongoing training for leaders, conducting regular SI program assessments, and implementing effective and essential learning strategies is also provided.
End-to-end quality of service in multi-class service high-speed networks via optimal least weight routing

We propose the use of the optimal least weight routing (OLWR) algorithm for routing QoS flows in high-speed networks. The main principle of our algorithm is that the choice of the most appropriate route, is based on a set of parameters that estimate the impact that, the acceptance and routing decision of a call request belonging to a specific class, would have on the network and other classes of service. The performance evaluation results demonstrated that OLWR outperforms both the multi-hop least-loaded routing algorithms and the multihop most-loaded routing algorithms in terms of both revenue and carried load.
Homography-based Analysis of People and Vehicle Activities in Crowded Scenes

This paper presents an new framework for homography-based analysis of pedestrian-vehicle activity in crowded scenes. Planar homography constraint is exploited to extract view-invariant object features including footage area and velocity of objects on the ground plane. Spatio-temporal relationships between people- and vehicle- tracks are represented by a semantic event. Context awareness of the situation is achieved by the estimated density distribution of objects and the anticipation of possible directions of near-future tracks using piecewise velocity history. Single-view and multi-view based homography mapping options are compared. Our framework can be used to enhance situational awareness for disaster prevention, human interactions in structured environments, and crowd movement analysis at wide regions
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) in Families of Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors

Objective To describe rates and concordance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in adolescent childhood cancer survivors and their mothers and fathers. Method Participants were 150 adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, 146 mothers, and 103 fathers who completed the Impact of Events Scale–Revised, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index, and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. Results PTSS are common in families of childhood cancer survivors. Parents reported more symptomatology than former patients. Mothers and fathers had relatively equal rates of current PTSD and levels of PTSS. Nearly 30% of mothers met diagnostic criteria since their child’s diagnosis, with 13.7% currently experiencing PTSD. Nearly 20% of families had at least one parent with current PTSD. Ninety-nine percent of the sample had at least one family member reexperiencing symptoms. Conclusions Both PTSD and PTSS help in understanding the experience of adolescent cancer survivors and their families. Within families of childhood cancer survivors, it is likely that some member may be experiencing treatable bothersome memories, arousal, or avoidance specific to the cancer experience.