cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of children with elevated symptoms of mania: the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) Study

OBJECTIVE The aim of the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study is to examine differences in psychiatric symptomatology, diagnoses, demographics, functioning, and psychotropic medication exposure in children with elevated symptoms of mania (ESM) compared to youth without ESM. This article describes the initial demographic information, diagnostic and symptom prevalence, and medication exposure for the LAMS cohort that will be followed longitudinally. METHOD Guardians of consecutively ascertained new outpatients 6 to 12 years of age presenting for treatment at one of 10 university-affiliated mental health centers were asked to complete the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10-Item Mania Scale (PGBI-10M). Patients with scores ≥ 12 on the PGBI-10M (ESM+) and a matched sample of patients who screened negative (ESM-) were invited to participate. Patients were enrolled from December 13, 2005, to December 18, 2008. RESULTS 707 children (621 ESM+, 86 ESM-; mean [SD] age = 9.4 [2.0] years) were evaluated. The ESM+ group, compared to the ESM- group, more frequently met DSM-IV criteria for a mood disorder (P < .001), bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD; P < .001), and disruptive behavior disorders (P < .01). Furthermore, they showed poorer overall functioning and more severe manic, depressive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive behavioral, and anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, rates of BPSD were relatively low in the ESM+ group (25%), with almost half of these BPSD patients (12.1% of ESM+ patients) meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. ESM+ children with BPSD had significantly more of the following: current prescriptions for antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anticonvulsants (P < .001 for each); psychiatric hospitalizations (P < .001); and biological parents with elevated mood (P = .001 for mothers, P < .013 for fathers). ESM+ children with BPSD were also lower functioning compared to ESM+ children without BPSD. CONCLUSIONS Although ESM+ was associated with higher rates of BPSD than ESM-, 75% of ESM+ children did not meet criteria for BPSD. Results suggest that longitudinal assessment is needed to examine which factors are associated with diagnostic evolution to BPSD in children with elevated symptoms of mania.
Modeling and analysis of a 5-leg inverter for an electric vehicle in-wheel motor drive

In most conventional electric vehicle (EV) applications, a central high speed electric motor is mechanically coupled to the wheels by a single speed reduction gearbox and a mechanical differential. An innovative alternative utilizes low speed, high torque, gearless, electric motors, mounted inside the rim of the wheels, to provide instantaneous torque. These wheel motors depict numerous advantages, including absence of mechanical linkages and independent and precise torque control of each wheel. Overall control of vehicle and drive cost are the main disadvantages of such a drive. A 5-leg single inverter for controlling two 3-phase PMSM motors independently provides an innovative solution to reduce the switch count, and hence, decrease the overall cost of the drive. In addition, such an arrangement also reduces the controller and sensor cost. In a 5-leg single inverter, two phases of each of the in-wheel motors are connected to each leg separately, whereas one of the phases of each motor is connected to a common leg. The goal of this paper is to study the applicability and analysis of a 5-leg single inverter, for controlling in-wheel motor based direct drive systems, for electric vehicle propulsion applications. Furthermore, the paper will present the detailed modeling and simulation analyses of the proposed in-wheel drive strategy. Finally, the proposed in-wheel traction motor drive methodology will be analyzed in terms of converter efficiency, torque ripple, converter rating, vehicle performance, and cost.
Treating a heterogeneous set of anxiety disorders in youths with group cognitive behavioral therapy: A partially nonconcurrent multiple-baseline evaluation

This study investigated the efficacy of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) in the treatment of a heterogeneous set of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents using a partially nonconcurrent multiple-baseline across groups design with 12 clinically referred youth between 6 and 16 years of age who met DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety disorder. Targeted diagnoses included specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, with 3 of the children also presenting with school refusal behavior. Duration of baseline for each of the 3 groups varied and ran for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Dependent measures included diagnostic status, daily child and parent ratings of child anxiety severity, and child- and parent-completed questionnaires. Results indicated that GCBT was generally efficacious in reducing anxious symptoms in youth treated in diagnostically heterogeneous groups, and that gains were generally maintained at 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications for the efficient treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.
Growth, Characterization and Electrical Properties of PZT thin Film Heterostructures on Silicon by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Epitaxial thin films of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) have been synthesized successfully on SrRuO3/SrTiO3/MgO/TiN/Si heterostructures by pulsed laser deposition. The films were single phase and had (001) orientation. The deposition parameters were varied to obtain the best epitaxial layer for each of the compounds. Transmission electron microscopy indicated good epitaxy for the entire heterostructure and sharp interfaces between the epilayers. Dielectric and P-E hysteresis loop measurements were carried out with evaporated Ag electrodes. The dielectric constant for the films was found to be between 400–450. The value of saturation polarization Ps, was between 55–60 νC/cm2 and the coercive field Ec varied from 60–70 kV/cm. Integration of PZT films with silicon will be useful for future memory and micromechanical devices.
A single residue switch converts abietadiene synthase into a pimaradiene specific cyclase.

Terpene synthases often catalyze complex cyclization reactions that typically represent the committed step in particular biosynthetic pathways, leading to great interest in their enzymatic mechanisms. We have recently demonstrated that substitution of a specific Ile with Thr was sufficient to “short circuit” the complex cyclization reaction normally catalyzed by ent-kaurene synthases to instead produce ent-pimaradiene. Here we report that the complex cyclization/rearrangement reaction catalyzed by abietadiene synthase can be similarly cut short to produce pimaradienes by an analogous Ser for Ala change, albeit with a slight shift in active site location to accommodate the difference in substrate stereochemistry. This result has mechanistic implications for enzymatic catalysis of abietadiene cyclization, and terpene synthases more broadly. Furthermore, these defined single residue switches may be useful in engineering product outcome in diterpene synthases more generally.
Competitive Trace Theory: A Role for the Hippocampus in Contextual Interference during Retrieval.

Much controversy exists regarding the role of the hippocampus in retrieval. The two dominant and competing accounts have been the Standard Model of Systems Consolidation (SMSC) and Multiple Trace Theory (MTT), which specifically make opposing predictions as to the necessity of the hippocampus for retrieval of remote memories. Under SMSC, memories eventually become independent of the hippocampus as they become more reliant on cortical connectivity, and thus the hippocampus is not required for retrieval of remote memories, only recent ones. MTT on the other hand claims that the hippocampus is always required no matter the age of the memory. We argue that this dissociation may be too simplistic, and a continuum model may be better suited to address the role of the hippocampus in retrieval of remote memories. Such a model is presented here with the main function of the hippocampus during retrieval being “recontextualization,” or the reconstruction of memory using overlapping traces. As memories get older, they are decontextualized due to competition among partially overlapping traces and become more semantic and reliant on neocortical storage. In this framework dubbed the Competitive Trace Theory (CTT), consolidation events that lead to the strengthening of memories enhance conceptual knowledge (semantic memory) at the expense of contextual details (episodic memory). As a result, remote memories are more likely to have a stronger semantic representation. At the same time, remote memories are also more likely to include illusory details. The CTT is a novel candidate model that may provide some resolution to the memory consolidation debate.
The Moon After Apollo

Abstract The Apollo missions have gradually increased our knowledge of the Moon's chemistry, age, and mode of formation of its surface features and materials Apollo 11 and 12 landings proved that mare materials are volcanic rocks that were derived from deep-seated basaltic melts about 3.7 and 3.2 billion years ago, respectively. Later missions provided additional information on lunar mare basalts as well as the older, anorthositic, highland rocks. Data on the chemical make-up of returned samples were extended to larger areas of the Moon by orbiting geochemical experiments. These have also mapped inhomogeneities in lunar surface chemistry, including radioactive anomalies on both the near and far sides. Lunar samples and photographs indicate that the moon is a well-preserved museum of ancient impact scars. The crust of the Moon, which was formed about 4.6 billion years ago, was subjected to intensive metamorphism by large impacts. Although bombardment continues to the present day, the rate and size of impacting bodies were much greater in the first 0.7 billion years of the Moon's history. The last of the large, circular, multiringed basins occurred about 3.9 billion years ago. These basins, many of which show positive gravity anomalies (mascons), were flooded by volcanic basalts during a period of at least 600 million years. In addition to filling the circular basins, more so on the near side than on the far side, the basalts also covered lowlands and circum-basin troughs. Profiles of the outer lunar skin were constructed from the mapping camera system, including the laser altimeter, and the radar sounder data. Materials of the crust, according to the lunar seismic data, extend to the depth of about 65 km on the near side, probably more on the far side. The mantle which underlies the crust probably extends to about 1100 km depth. It is also probable that a molten or partially molten zone or core underlies the mantle, where interactions between both may cause the deep-seated moonquakes. The three basic theories of lunar origin—capture, fission, and binary accretion—are still competing for first place. The last seems to be the most popular of the three at this time; it requires the least number of assumptions in placing the Moon in Earth orbit, and simply accounts for the chemical differences between the two bodies. Although the question of origin has not yet been resolved, we are beginning to see the value of interdisciplinary synthesis of Apollo scientific returns. During the next few years we should begin to reap the fruits of attempts at this synthesis. Then, we may be fortunate enough to take another look at the Moon from the proposed Lunar Polar Orbit (LPO) mission in about 1979.
Differential roles of the dopamine 1-class receptors, D1R and D5R, in hippocampal dependent memory

Activation of the hippocampal dopamine 1-class receptors (D1R and D5R) are implicated in contextual fear conditioning (CFC). However, the specific role of the D1R versus D5R in hippocampal dependent CFC has not been investigated. Generation of D1R- and D5R-specific in situ hybridization probes showed that D1R and D5R mRNA expression was greatest in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. To identify the role of each receptor in CFC we generated spatially restricted KO mice that lack either the D1R or D5R in DG granule cells. DG D1R KOs displayed significant fear memory deficits, whereas DG D5R KOs did not. Furthermore, D1R KOs but not D5R KOs, exhibited generalized fear between two similar but different contexts. In the familiar home cage context, c-Fos expression was relatively low in the DG of control mice, and it increased upon exposure to a novel context. This level of c-Fos expression in the DG did not further increase when a footshock was delivered in the novel context. In DG D1R KOs, DG c-Fos levels in the home cage was higher than that of the control mice, but it did not further increase upon exposure to a novel context and remained at the same level upon a shock delivery. In contrast, the levels of DG c-Fos expression was unaffected by the deletion of DG D5R neither in the home cage nor upon a shock delivery. These results suggest that DG D1Rs, but not D5Rs, contribute to the formation of distinct contextual representations of novel environments.
Transformation of a metal-organic framework from the NbO to PtS net.

Two metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), MOF-501 and MOF-502, respectively, formulated as Co2(BPTC)(H2O)5·Gx and Co2(BPTC)(H2O)(DMF)2·Gx (BPTC = 3,3‘,5,5‘-biphenyltetracarboxylate; G = guest molecules), have been synthesized and structurally characterized, and their topologies were found to be based on the NbO (MOF-501) and PtS (MOF-502) nets. Heating MOF-501 in solution results in the more thermodynamically favored MOF-502.
BCR/ABL, DNA damage and DNA repair: implications for new treatment concepts.

BCR/ABL fusion tyrosine kinase transforms hematopoietic stem cells causing chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BCR/ABL regulates numerous proteins involved in apoptosis, proliferation and cell – cell or cell – extracellular matrix interactions. However, BCR/ABL also enhances DNA damage caused by endogenous reactive oxygen species and exogenous genotoxic treatment. In addition, BCR/ABL modulates the response to DNA damage to promote genomic instability. This function leads to resistance to ABL kinase small molecular inhibitors (SMIs) imatinib (IM), dasatinib and nilotinib, and contributes to malignant progression of the disease. The former phenomenon is often caused by mutations in BCR/ABL kinase whereas the latter is associated with accumulation of additional genetic aberrations including chromosomal translocations, deletions, additional chromosomes, gene amplifications, and point mutations. Possible benefits of anti-mutagenic therapy used in pursuing the cure of BCR...
Pontine reticular formation neurons exhibit a premature and precipitous increase in acoustic responses prior to audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats

The genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR-9) exhibits elevated seizure sensitivity and audiogenic seizures (AGS). The pontine reticular formation (PRF) is implicated in the neuronal network for AGS in the GEPR-9. The present study examined PRF neuronal firing and convulsive behavior simultaneously in the GEPR-9. Chronically implanted microwire electrodes in PRF allowed single neuronal responses and behavior to be examined in freely-moving rats. PRF neurons in the GEPR-9 exhibit precipitous intensity-evoked increases at a significantly lower (approx. 15 dB SPL) intensity than normal Sprague-Dawley rats. PRF neurons in the GEPR-9 also exhibit increased auditory response latencies. At the onset of AGS (wild running) the firing rate of PRF neurons increased, and the rate of PRF firing increased dramatically as the tonic phase of the seizure began. During post-ictal depression the rate of PRF neuronal firing slowed, gradually returning to normal. This pattern of PRF periseizural neuronal firing changes differ dramatically in pattern and temporal characteristics from those previously observed in inferior colliculus (IC). The IC serves as the AGS initiation site. IC neurons show extensive firing increases prior to and during the initial wild running, silence during the tonic and post-ictal phases, and gradual recovery of responses thereafter. The changes in PRF neuronal firing pattern suggest that the PRF may play a major role in the generation of the tonic phase of AGS. The premature onset of the precipitous rise in PRF neuronal firing suggests that the influence of the IC on PRF neurons may be magnified in association with AGS susceptibility. The PRF neuronal firing increases observed in the present study coupled with previous observation of AGS blockade by PRF microinjections in the GEPR-9 further support an important role of the PRF in the propagation of AGS in the GEPR-9. The mechanisms of PRF firing elevation may also be relevant in other seizure models in which the brain-stem reticular formation is implicated.
Inhibition of cellular immune reactions in mice infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus.

CERTAIN viral infections affect the immune response of the host to heterogenous antigens. Murine leukaemia viruses, such as Moloney, Friend, Rauscher and Gross passage A virus, inhibit antibody formation1–4. In addition, the passage A virus depresses cellular immunity5. On the other hand, lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) enhances humoral antibody formation in mice and prevents the development of immunological tolerance to human gamma globulin6,7. The work described here was undertaken to determine the effect of LDV on two cellular immune reactions—skin allograft rejection and the graft-versus-host reaction8.
Analysis and System Design Framework for Infrared Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers

The authors present a preliminary analysis and design framework developed for the evaluation and optimization of infrared, Imaging Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) electro-optic systems. Commensurate with conventional interferometric spectrometers, SHS modeling requires an integrated analysis environment for rigorous evaluation of system error propagation due to detection process, detection noise, system motion, retrieval algorithm and calibration algorithm. The analysis tools provide for optimization of critical system parameters and components including : (1) optical aperture, f-number, and spectral transmission, (2) SHS interferometer grating and Littrow parameters, and (3) image plane requirements as well as cold shield, optical filtering, and focal-plane dimensions, pixel dimensions and quantum efficiency, (4) SHS spatial and temporal sampling parameters, and (5) retrieval and calibration algorithm issues.
A General Time Dependent Constitutive Model: Part I— Theoretical Developments

Using an internal-variable formalism as a starting point, we describe the viscoelastic complement of a previously-developed viscoplasticity formulation of the complete potential structure type. It is mainly motivated by experimental evidence for the presence of rate/time effects in the so-called quasilinear, reversible, material response range. Several possible generalizations are described, in the general format of hereditary-integral representations for nonequilibrium, stress-type, state variables, both for isotropic as well as anisotropic materials. In particular, thorough discussions are given on the important issues of the rmodynamic admissibility requirements for such general descriptions, resulting in a set of explicit mathematical constraints on the associated kernel (relaxation and creep compliance) functions. In addition, a number of explicit, integrated forms are derived, under stress and strain control to facilitate the parametric and qualitative response characteristic studies reported here, as well as to help identify critical factors in the actual experimental characterizations from test data that will be reported in Part II.
An exploratory analysis of social commonalities and subjective discounts

Purpose – This article seeks to illustrate how social commonalities between employees and their customers often result in customers believing that they are entitled to discounts in retail settings.Design/methodology/approach – This study employs survey methodology to reveal the extent to which various social commonalities between customers and service providers encourage customers to believe that they are entitled to financial discounts.Findings – The findings show that commonalities may cause customers to adhere to narcissism – that is, many customers may expect discounts even when they know that employees may jeopardize their jobs by providing them.Research limitations/implications – Customer relationships dramatically change with commonalities, as customers believe that social relationships propel them to “best customer status” and that they are entitled to discounts.Practical implications – Customers who become increasingly connected with employees expect relational benefits that usually require time ...
Structural evolution of differential amino Acid effector regulation in plant chorismate mutases.

Chorismate mutase converts chorismate into prephenate for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. To understand the molecular basis of allosteric regulation in the plant chorismate mutases, we analyzed the three Arabidopsis thaliana chorismate mutase isoforms (AtCM1–3) and determined the x-ray crystal structures of AtCM1 in complex with phenylalanine and tyrosine. Functional analyses show a wider range of effector control in the Arabidopsis chorismate mutases than previously reported. AtCM1 is activated by tryptophan with phenylalanine and tyrosine acting as negative effectors; however, tryptophan, cysteine, and histidine activate AtCM3. AtCM2 is a nonallosteric form. The crystal structure of AtCM1 in complex with tyrosine and phenylalanine identifies differences in the effector sites of the allosterically regulated yeast enzyme and the other two Arabidopsis isoforms. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues in the effector site reveals key features leading to differential effector regulation in these enzymes. In AtCM1, mutations of Gly-213 abolish allosteric regulation, as observed in AtCM2. A second effector site position, Gly-149 in AtCM1 and Asp-132 in AtCM3, controls amino acid effector specificity in AtCM1 and AtCM3. Comparisons of chorismate mutases from multiple plants suggest that subtle differences in the effector site are conserved in different lineages and may lead to specialized regulation of this branch point enzyme.
Lines of reconstruction and extension in the Parsonian sociology of illness

Abstract Talcott Parsons' paradigms of the sick role and the therapeutic relationship form the basis for his sociology of illness and have provided the impetus to a substantial amount of empirical research and conceptualization in medical sociology. These paradigms are linked to the conceptions of illness as deviance and the physician as an agent of social control. In the author's opinion, further theoretical development is necessary to account for significant health/illness phenomena which the deviance conception cannot encompass. The phenomena under consideration are: (1) chronic illness, wherein there is no possibility of the patient's return to health; (2) patient self-help and self-treatment; (3) the acquiescent posture of the medical profession in the face of widespread health-risking behavior; (4) the failure of many health institutions to promote maximum rehabilitation in patients; and (5) the contradiction between the high position of personal health in the hierarchy of American values and the extent of preventible ill health. Later Parsonian formulations which view illness as impaired adaptive capacity rather than deviance, and which attribute less importance to social control and to medical instrumentality, offer a fruitful prospect for a more thoroughgoing conceptualization.
A New Ocean Model for Studying the Tropical Oceanic Aspects of ENSO

Abstract A 21/2-layer ocean model is developed to investigate the role of the first two baroclinic modes in determining the interannual variations of the sea surface temperature (SST) associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Rather than simply adding an additional mode to the ocean component of the Zebiak–Cane coupled atmosphere–ocean model, it proved necessary to completely rethink all parts of the model. This allowed the external parameters to be specified more realistically. For example, the drag coefficient used in calculating the surface wind stress in the model is now consistent with that empirically derived, and the temperature of the water entrained in the surface layer that affects SST is now more carefully parameterized. When forced by observed wind stress anomalies for 1961–93, the ocean model reproduces the interannual variations of SST satisfactorily. The quantitative discrepancies between the model hindcast and observed SST anomalies are limited to an excessive coo...
The Idea of Philosophy and Its Relation to Social Science

This article takes up Winch’s exploration of a certain dialectic in philosophical accounts of social inquiry, the poles of which I refer to as the under-laborer and over-laborer conceptions of phil...
Adjusting for population stratification and relatedness with sequencing data

To avoid inflated type I error and reduced power in genetic association studies, it is necessary to adjust properly for population stratification and known/unknown subject relatedness. It would be interesting to compare the performance of a principal component-based approach with a linear mixed model. Furthermore, with the availability of genome-wide sequencing data, the question of whether it is preferable to use common variants or rare variants for such an adjustment remains largely unknown. In this paper, we use the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data to empirically investigate these issues. We consider both a quantitative trait and a binary trait.
DHA is a more potent inhibitor of breast cancer metastasis to bone and related osteolysis than EPA

Breast cancer patients often develop bone metastasis evidenced by osteolytic lesions, leading to severe pain and bone fracture. Attenuation of breast cancer metastasis to bone and associated osteolysis by fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA, has been demonstrated previously. However, it was not known whether EPA and DHA differentially or similarly affect breast cancer bone metastasis and associated osteolysis. In vitro culture of parental and luciferase gene encoded MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines treated with EPA and DHA revealed that DHA inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells more potently than EPA. Intra-cardiac injection of parental and luciferase gene encoded MDA-MB-231 cells to athymic NCr nu/nu mice demonstrated that DHA-treated mice had significantly less breast cancer cell burden in bone, and also significantly less osteolytic lesions than EPA-treated mice. In vivo cell migration assay as measured by luciferase intensity revealed that DHA attenuated cell migration specifically to the bone. Moreover, the DHA-treated group showed reduced levels of CD44 and TRAP positive area in bone compared to EPA-treated group. Breast cancer cell burden and osteolytic lesions were also examined in intra-tibially breast cancer cell injected mice and found less breast cancer cell growth and associated osteolysis in DHA-treated mice as compared to EPA-treated mice. Finally, doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7dox) human breast cancer cell line was used to examine if DHA can improve sensitization of MCF-7dox cells to doxorubicin. DHA improved the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on proliferation and invasion of MCF-7dox cells. Interestingly, drug resistance gene P-gp was also down-regulated in DHA plus doxorubicin-treated cells. In conclusion, DHA attenuates breast cancer bone metastasis and associated osteolysis more potently than EPA, possibly by inhibiting migration of breast cancer cell to the bone as well as by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption.
Trends and Synchrony in Black Bass and Crappie Recruitment in Missouri Reservoirs

Abstract Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Spotted Bass M. punctulatus, White Crappie Pomoxis annularis, and Black Crappie P. nigromaculatus are popular components of many large reservoir sport fisheries, and a better understanding of these populations and their dynamics would improve our management capabilities. We used long-term datasets (13–37 years) collected from 15 Missouri reservoirs to assess temporal trends and synchrony in sport fish recruitment by using catch per unit effort of age-1 (CPUE1) black bass Micropterus spp. during spring electrofishing (N/h) and CPUE1 of crappies Pomoxis spp. during fall trap-netting (N/net-night) as our index of recruitment. Although CPUE1 exhibited high interannual variation within a reservoir, time series analysis revealed only two significant trends for each of the black bass species, with all trends indicating increasing recruitment. White Crappie CPUE1 showed abrupt declines in all four reservoirs in the Osage River basin, with these declines occurring in...
Wilson Loops and Non-Abelian Statistics in the Quantum Hall Effect

There is a topological connection between the boundary excitations of a quantum Hall fluid and the quantum numbers of its vortex-like bulk quasi-particles. I use this connection to examine the group properties of vortex excitations in a generalized quantum Hall fluid, and show how the vortex trajectories become Wilson lines interacting via Chern-Simons fields. As a result, I argue that non-abelian statistics, if they exist, should be independent of the detailed properties of the many-body wavefunction and will depend only on the bulk Hall conductivity tensor.
Folie à deux in the aged: review and case report of role reversal.

: The English literature on folie a deux in patients over 65 is reviewed, and a case in two sisters who reversed dominant and submissive roles in old age is presented. The common concept of folie a deux as an imposed entity should be de-emphasized in favor of the concept that the preservation of a critical close relationship is the primary etiological factor in most unitary delusion systems of long duration. Apparently the syndrome is similar in both old and young, but folie-a-deux relationships in the elderly seem to have a particularly strong interdependent and psychotic character, with a high ratio of folie simultanee. This weak ego state should be kept in mind when planning treatment.
The natural history of intermediate and critical vein graft stenosis: recommendations for continued surveillance or repair.

Abstract Objective: Duplex ultrasound surveillance (DUS) after autogenous lower extremity bypass grafting is controversial. Specific criteria mandating graft revision are not uniform. It has been suggested that grafts harboring critical stenoses undergo revision, whereas those with intermediate stenoses undergo arteriography with selective repair. We sought to define the natural history and determine the risk of graft occlusion associated with unrepaired vein graft stenoses. Methods: We analyzed serial vascular laboratory and clinical data of 156 autogenous infrainguinal vein grafts in 142 patients. Grafts were categorized into three groups according to the first DUS-detected (index) lesion: (1) normal (peak systolic velocity [PSV] r ] r 300 cm/s, V r > 4). Our policy was to repair grafts with critical lesions and monitor all others. The risks of stenosis progression, graft revision, and graft thrombosis for each group were compared. Results: Serial DUS was normal in 100 (64%) grafts. The incidence of graft thrombosis in the normal group was 3% per year (mean follow-up, 27.5 months). Intermediate lesions developed in 32 grafts (20%) and were followed. Among these 32 grafts with intermediate stenoses, 63% progressed to critical and were revised, and 32% resolved or stabilized (mean follow-up, 26 months). Only one graft occlusion occurred in grafts with intermediate lesions subjected to serial DUS monitoring (incidence 1.5% per year, P = not significant). In the third group, 16 of 25 grafts with critical lesions were successfully revised and remain patent. In nine cases, critical lesions were not repaired, resulting in seven (78%) occlusions, all within 4 months of DUS detection. Conclusions: Serial surveillance is safe and effective for grafts with intermediate stenoses. The graft occlusion rate for such grafts with careful monitoring is no different from grafts without stenosis, and therefore, arteriography is not indicated in the absence of progression to critical stenosis. The short-term risk of graft occlusion in the presence of an unrevised critical stenosis is nearly 80%. These data have important clinical implications concerning the natural history of vein graft lesions. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:273-80.)
Sheaves of integral domains on stone spaces

It is well known in the theory of ring representations on Stone spaces, that if R is a commutative ring with 1, it is representable as a sheaf of fields (local rings) on a Stone space iff R is a von Neumann regular (exchange) ring. These results make use of the Pierce representation of R. The question of necessary and sufficient conditions on R to guarantee representability as a sheaf of integral domains is answered in this article. The appropriate condition on R is that of being an ‘almost weak Baer’ ring, where this means that Ann(a) is generated by its idempotent elements for all a e R. Two examples from rings of continuous functions distinguish this property from several closely related ring theoretic conditions.
Optimal control of a twin rotor MIMO system using LQR with integral action

The twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS) is a helicopter-like system that is restricted to two degrees of freedom, pitch and yaw. It is a complicated nonlinear, coupled, MIMO system used for system identification, the verification of control methods and observers. This paper details the design procedure for a suboptimal tracking controller using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with integral action. It was found that the LQR controller with integral action (LQI) provided performance superior to existing optimal controllers in the literature.
Synthesis of a homotrifunctional conjugation reagent based on maleimide chemistry

Abstract A novel homotrifunctional conjugation reagent, 1,3,5-tris-( N -maleimidomethyl)benzene has been synthesized in high yield with minimum purification. The reactivity of this compound was examined by using l -cysteine as a nucleophile.
Question wording and mass policy preferences: The comparative impact of substantive information and peripheral cues

Understanding the dynamics of mass political behavior requires attention to the mechanisms and processes citizens use in evaluating political affairs. At its structural core, a political appraisal has much in common with most of the other decisions individuals must make each day. Consequently, insight can be gained by examining political judgments from the perspective of those psychological theories concerned with information processing and decision making. More specifically, because the American citizen typically must maximize cognitive efficiency when evaluating political phenomena, those psychological mechanisms that facilitate expedience and simplicity in decision making are likely to operate on a great diversity of political judgments. Hence theoretical perspectives concerning the role of heuristic principles of judgment may be of considerable utility for the study of mass political behavior. One such perspective, the heuristic‐systematic model, is discussed. The tenets of the heuristic‐systematic mo...
High-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate adenocarcinoma post abdominoperineal resection of the rectum and pelvic irradiation: Technique and experience.

Abstract Purpose Treatment options are limited for patients with localized prostate cancer and a prior history of abdominoperineal resection (APR) and pelvic irradiation. We have previously reported on the successful utility of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy salvage for prostate cancer failing definitive external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). In this report, we describe our technique and early experience with definitive HDR brachytherapy in patients post APR and pelvic EBRT. Patients and Methods Six men with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer had a prior history of APR and pelvic EBRT. Sixteen to 18 HDR catheters were placed transperineally under transperineal ultrasound–guidance. The critical first two catheters were placed freehand posterior to the inferior rami on both sides of the bulbar urethra under cystoscopic visualization. A template was used for subsequent catheter placement. Using CT-based planning, 5 men received 36 Gy in six fractions as monotherapy. One patient initially treated with EBRT to 30 Gy, received 24 Gy in four fractions. Results Median age was 67.5 (56–74) years. At a median followup of 26 (14–60) months, all patients are alive and with no evidence of disease per the Phoenix definition of biochemical failure, with a median prostate-specific antigen nadir of 0.19 ng/mL. Three men have reported grade 2 late genitourinary toxicity. There has been no report of grade 3–5 toxicity. Conclusion Transperineal ultrasound–guided HDR brachytherapy using the above technique should be considered as definitive therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer and a prior history of APR and pelvic EBRT.
Chameleon voters and public choice

A model is presented of an open-voting public choice process that features pressure groups vying for society's support. Individuals choose what policy to advocate on the basis of their private preferences, which are those they would express in a secret ballot; endogenous social pressures; and the utility they gain from integrity. They falsify their preferences when the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs. An implication is that a policy advocated by few people in private might receive strong public support. The paper goes on to explore why secret voting, which eliminates this possibility, might not be adopted.
Things learned in early adulthood are remembered best.

Evidence is reviewed that for older adults the period from 10 to 30 years of age produces recall of the most autobiographical memories, the most vivid memories, and the most important memories. It is the period from which peoples’ favorite films, music, and books come and the period from which they judge the most important world events to have originated. Factual, semantic, general-knowledge, multiple-choice questions about the Academy Awards, the World Series, and current events from this period were answered more accurately by two different groups of 30 older adults tested 10 years apart. A cognitive theory based on the importance of transitions and several noncognitive theories are considered as explanations of this pervasive phenomenon.
Relayed (13)C magnetization transfer: detection of malate dehydrogenase reaction in vivo.

Abstract Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes rapid interconversion between dilute metabolites oxaloacetate and malate. Both oxaloacetate and malate are below the detection threshold of in vivo MRS. Oxaloacetate is also in rapid exchange with aspartate catalyzed by aspartate aminotransferase, the latter metabolite is observable in vivo using 13 C MRS. We hypothesized that the rapid turnover of oxaloacetate can effectively relay perturbation of magnetization between malate and aspartate. Here, we report indirect observation of the malate dehydrogenase reaction by saturating malate C2 resonance at 71.2 ppm and detecting a reduced aspartate C2 signal at 53.2 ppm due to relayed magnetization transfer via oxaloacetate C2 at 201.3 ppm. Using this strategy the rate of the cerebral malate dehydrogenase reaction was determined to be 9 ± 2 μmol/g wet weight/min (means ± SD, n = 5) at 11.7 Tesla in anesthetized adult rats infused with [1,6- 13 C 2 ]glucose.
Changes in Quality and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Bunched and Topped Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Plants during Storage at 5 or 10C

Quality changes of bunched and topped radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) during postharvest storage were investigated. Bunched radish plants, topped roots and detached leaves were stored at 5 or 10C for 9 days. Yellowing and wilting of leaves during storage at 10C were the main visual quality deteriorations in bunched radishes. Leaf detachment reduced respiration and ethylene production rates and weight loss of roots, and resulted in lower ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity and phenolic content especially during storage at 10C. Root color did not change during storage, with or without leaf detachment. Leaf color did not change at 5C, whereas lightness and chroma increased and hue angle decreased at 10C, with larger changes observed in detached leaves. H2O2 content as well as peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities in the root tissue were unaffected by leaf detachment, but increased during storage especially at 10C after 9 days of storage. Practical Applications Radishes are marketed with the leaves attached on the enlarged root, which is the edible part of the plant, or are topped so that leaves are removed from the root. Consumers prefer to purchase radishes with the leaves attached because their green color is an indication of freshness. In retail market, higher than recommended temperatures are often encountered, resulting in yellowing of leaves; therefore, plants are topped and only the root is distributed. However, the effects of storage temperature as well as the removal of leaves on nutritional compounds of the edible roots have not been investigated and need to be determined, because nutritional quality is of increasing interest to the consumers. This study provides information on the effect of temperature and leaves removal on metabolism and quality of radish plants during storage, which can be applicable to sustain the quality and increase commercial marketing of radishes.
Robust Visual Tracking Using Case-Based Reasoning with Confidence

The paper describes a simple but robust framework for visual object tracking in a video sequence. Compared with the existing tracking techniques, our proposed tracking technique has two significant contributions. First, a Case- Based Reasoning (CBR) paradigm is introduced to track the non-rigid object robustly under significant appearance changes without drifting away. Second, it can provide an accurate confidence measurement for each tracked object so that the tracking failures can be identified successfully. Specifically, under this framework, the appearance changes of the object being tracked can be adapted dynamically during tracking via an adaption mechanism of CBR. Hence, an accurate 2D tracking model can be maintained online for each image frame during tracking. Therefore, the proposed tracking technique possesses a self-recovery capability so that the object can be tracked robustly under significant appearance changes without error accumulation. Application was focused on the development of a real-time face tracking system. Via the proposed framework, the built real-time face tracker can track the human face robustly at 26 frames per second under various face orientations, significant facial expression and external illumination changes.
The Looking Glass Lens: Self-concept Changes Due to Social Media Practices

This study brought an enduring social psychology theory into the era of mass self-communication. Cooley’s (1902) looking glass self posits that the self-concept is built, in part, by how a person sees him- or herself and, in part, by the reaction of others. For social media producers, neither the reflection nor others’ judgment needs to be imagined. Digital media can serve as a mediated mirror and social media sites provide the space where others’ judgments are clearly posted. YouTube producers were asked if they had come to see themselves differently since posting to the mega-media site and, if so, how. Forty-six participants reported self-concept changes ranging from being more accepting of their physical appearance to gaining confidence from overcoming the sting of negative comments to being empowerment due to a new role within a global, digital environment. The combination of media and media sharing platforms can serve as a digital looking glass lens.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Thoracic Aorta: Part II—Atherosclerotic and Traumatic Diseases of the Aorta

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has provided an accurate newwindow for the evaluation of diseases of the thoracic aorta. Experiencewith TEE has led to an increased recognition of atherosclerosis of thethoracic aorta as a source of cerebral and systemic embolism. Certainfeatures of aortic plaque morphology detected by TEE may prove to haveprognostic and therapeutic significance. The intraoperative assessmentof thoracic aortic atherosclerosis by TEE may guide modifications insurgical techniques and aortic manipulations that reduce the incidenceof perioperative neurologic complications. TEE has also become avaluable tool for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with bluntchest trauma. The precise role of TEE in the management of thesedisorders is currently under investigation.
Theberge, J. B., and M. T. Theberge. 2004. The Wolves of Algonquin Park: A 12-Year Ecological Study. University of Waterloo, Department of Geography, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 168 + v–xii pp. ISBN 0-921083-67-x, price (paper) $23.50 Canadian (approximately $25.00 US), order from S. Castela (scastela@fesmail.uwaterloo.ca).

J. B. Theberge, M. T. Theberge. 2004. The Wolves of Algonquin Park: A 12-Year Ecological Study. University of Waterloo, Department of Geography, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 168+ v–xii pp. ISBN 0-921083-67-x, price (paper) $23.50 Canadian (approximately $25.00 US), order from S. Castela (scastela@fesmail.uwaterloo.ca). This monograph on the gray wolf ( Canis lupus ) in Ontario's Algonquin Provincial Park summarizes results and implications of a 12-year study of the species in a park renowned as protected wolf habitat. In 1958, Algonquin Provincial Park became the 3rd area in North America where wolf populations were legally protected from harvest by humans (preceded by Denali [Alaska] and Isle Royale [Michigan] national parks in the United States). In this volume Theberge and Theberge present much original data from a field study conducted in 1987–1999, supplemented by inclusion of major portions of student theses that dealt with aspects of wolf ecology as well as previously published papers from peer-reviewed journals. This unusual format provides a comprehensive review of information gained by the authors during 12 years of fieldwork, as well as a comparison with data gathered by Douglas Pimlott and colleagues during a pioneering study in 1959–1963 (Pimlott et al. 1969), a study that laid the foundation for research that senior author John Theberge conducted with Pimlott in the 1960s on wolf vocalizations (Theberge and Falls 1967) and behavior in summer (Theberge and Pimlott 1969). This monograph was published by the University of Waterloo, not necessarily known as an outlet for major publications on mammals. However, there are good reasons why the authors may have chosen this nontraditional outlet for this significant publication on wolves. Probably most important is simply a desire to provide a single source for research findings that cover a wide range of topics in wolf ecology, including anecdotal information of the type that is rarely found in peer-reviewed journal papers. An additional reason is that the fieldwork was severely challenged because the work …
Polus, Plato, and Aristotle

In the famous opening chapter of the Metaphysics Aristotle, in his analysis of σοϕία, introduces the important concept μπeιρία, ‘experience’. In the course of the discussion he cites the sophist Polus, 981a 1–5:κα δοκeῖ σχeδν πιστήμῃ κα τέχνῃ μοιον eἶναι μπeιρία, ποβαίνeι δ’ πιστήμη κα τέχνη δι τς μπeιρίας τοῖς νθρώποις μν γρ μπeιρία τέχνην ποίησeν, ς ϕησι Πλος, ρθς λέγων, δ’ πeιρία τύχην.