cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
i GNM: a database of protein functional motions based on Gaussian Network Model

Motivation: The knowledge of protein structure is not sufficient for understanding and controlling its function. Function is a dynamic property. Although protein structural information has been rapidly accumulating in databases, little effort has been invested to date toward systematically characterizing protein dynamics. The recent success of analytical methods based on elastic network models, and in particular the Gaussian Network Model (GNM), permits us to perform a high-throughput analysis of the collective dynamics of proteins. Results: We computed the GNM dynamics for 20 058 structures from the Protein Data Bank, and generated information on the equilibrium dynamics at the level of individual residues. The results are stored on a web-based system called iGNM and configured so as to permit the users to visualize or download the results through a standard web browser using a simple search engine. Static and animated images for describing the conformational mobility of proteins over a broad range of normal modes are accessible, along with an online calculation engine available for newly deposited structures. A case study of the dynamics of 20 non-homologous hydrolases is presented to illustrate the utility of the iGNM database for identifying key residues that control the cooperative motions and revealing the connection between collective dynamics and catalytic activity. Availability: http://ignm.ccbb.pitt.edu/ Contact:[email protected] and [email protected]
Rates of dementia in three ethnoracial groups.

Background Rates of dementia may vary among ethnoracial groups. Any real and substantial such difference would merit serious attention by health planners, clinicians and those seeking to advance our understanding of the etiology of this group of disorders. Methods Randomly selected elderly persons from each of three ethnoracial groups (Latinos, African-Americans, non-Latino Whites) residing in a geographic area of northern Manhattan in New York City were screened for dementia and assessed with respect to functioning in daily tasks and other qualities of life. Systematic samples of each group were clinically evaluated for presence and subtype of dementia. Subjects were reassessed at an average of 18 months following the baseline interview. Results Age-specific prevalence of dementia was found to be higher in Latinos and African-Americans than in non-Latino Whites; incidence rates were consistent with this finding. Ethnoracial groups did not vary in the proportion of dementias diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease. Prevalence differences between ethnoracial groups remained consistent as diagnostic criteria were varied in breadth and when the possible mislabelling of depression was taken into account. However, level of education was strongly associated with rates of dementia and, when age and education were simultaneously controlled, the ethnoracial differences in rates were not consistently found. Conclusions Planning for the wide range of services necessary for care of those suffering from dementia should take into account ethnoracial differences in rates. The higher rates found in Latino and African-American groups, relative to non-Latino Whites, are associated with clear and substantial functional dependencies and hence have important implications for qualities of life and service needs. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narcolepsy in a 2‐Year‐Old Boy

This report describes the prospective follow-up of a 2-year-old child with narcolepsy. The initial clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the onset of cataplexy when the child was 5 years old. He does not have the HLA genotype characteristic of narcolepsy or an identifiable brain lesion, although he has megalencephaly and mild learning difficulties. Treatment with dietary tyrosine supplements who are to young to use stimulants safely. The morbidity of narcolepsy is high and early diagnosis is therefore important, as treatment is effective.
Whipsaw Cancer Treatments: The Role of Hormesis in Endocrine and Immune Therapies

In this report, we propose a philosophy of treatment that few physicians may be bold enough to actually embrace, but which we believe may eventually find a place in the oncologist's armamentarium. The proposal is based on two assumptions: (1) that many hormones and other biologicals have reverse effects in biologic systems depending on their dosage or concentration, a phenomenon called hormesis; and (2) that most malignant tumors have a large but slow-moving capacity to adapt to adverse conditions, probably by the selection of cellular variants. We suggest that the phenomenon of hormesis might be used to keep a tumor under hormonal and/or immunologic environments that are inimical to its growth and well-being.
TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS IN AN AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM. III. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS IN RESIDENT WILD AND FERAL ANIMALS

As part of a larger epidemiological study examining the transmission of Trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem, resident wild and feral animals were trapped to determine the extent of their involvement in the natural, on-farm cycling of the parasite among swine. During a 21-mo-study, seven of 15 skunks (Mephitis mephitis), one of three opossums (Didelphis virginiana), two of two feral domestic cats and a raccoon (Procyon lotor) were found to be infected, while five shrews (Blarina brevicauda) and 18 deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) were uninfected. Most of the former hosts probably became infected by scavenging dead infected swine or rats (Rattus norvegicus). However, infections obtained through predation of living rats, particularly with regard to the cats, cannot be excluded. Our observations do not suggest that there was transmission of T. spiralis from the wild animals to swine. Therefore, transmission of T. spiralis appeared to occur only from the farm's swine and rats to the associated wild an...
The Sound of Intellect: Speech Reveals a Thoughtful Mind, Increasing a Job Candidate’s Appeal

A person’s mental capacities, such as intellect, cannot be observed directly and so are instead inferred from indirect cues. We predicted that a person’s intellect would be conveyed most strongly through a cue closely tied to actual thinking: his or her voice. Hypothetical employers (Experiments 1–3b) and professional recruiters (Experiment 4) watched, listened to, or read job candidates’ pitches about why they should be hired. These evaluators rated a candidate as more competent, thoughtful, and intelligent when they heard a pitch rather than read it and, as a result, had a more favorable impression of the candidate and were more interested in hiring the candidate. Adding voice to written pitches, by having trained actors (Experiment 3a) or untrained adults (Experiment 3b) read them, produced the same results. Adding visual cues to audio pitches did not alter evaluations of the candidates. For conveying one’s intellect, it is important that one’s voice, quite literally, be heard.
On the plasticity of semantic generalizations: Children and adults modify their verb lexicalization biases in response to changing input

Languages differ in how they package the components of an event into words to form sentences. For example, while some languages typically encode the manner of motion in the verb (e.g., running), others more often use verbs that encode the path (e.g., ascending). Prior research has demonstrated that children and adults have lexicalization biases; that is, they assume that novel motion verbs will reflect the dominant pattern of their own language. These experiments explored the plasticity of these biases. In Experiments 1 and 2 we taught English-speaking adults motion verbs, varying the proportion of manner and path verbs in the training set; their interpretation of subsequent verbs closely reflected the probabilistic variation in the input. In Experiments 3 and 4, 5-year-old children also systematically shifted their lexicalization biases to reflect the verbs that they were taught. We conclude that lexicalization biases are adaptive inferences about verb meaning that are updated on the basis of experience.
Post-EBV Cerebellitis: A Very Rare Complication of Infectious Mononucleosis

Post-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cerebellitis is a very rare complication of infectious mononucleosis. It is almost always seen before 6 years of age and very few adult cases are reported in literature. We present a 21-year-old patient with p ost - EBV cerebellitis who presented with ataxia and slurred speech 2 weeks after infectious mononucleosis. The p atient had a positive monospot test and positive EB viral capsid IgM and IgG, and negative Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen IgG which is consistent with recent infection. The p atient’s brain imaging and CSF evaluation were normal. His symptoms resolved almost completely after 3 - 4 weeks. J Med Cases. 2014;5(5):302-303 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/ jmc1779w
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Genomic Medicine

It is commonly believed that the use of an individual patient's genetic information should be held to a slightly different legal standard than the use of general medical information. This article in the Genomic Medicine series provides examples of appropriate and inappropriate uses of genetic information. For physicians, the biggest dilemma is whether to inform the relatives of patients who have received a diagnosis of a heritable condition for which there is treatment and who are reluctant to share this information with their families.
Making Usability Data More Usable

Usability tests often include recording of users' behaviors as they interact with a computer; unfortunately, these data are often underused for design due to their complexity and the difficulty in interpreting them. In recent years, a variety of methods have been proposed for analyzing user behavioral sequences. In this paper we propose five criteria for evaluating the quality and effectiveness of any such method – (1) standardization and repeatability of the method; (2) simplification of the data; (3) validity; (4) interpretable visual representation of the data that suggests design implications; and (5) output that is amenable to additional analyses. We describe how the PRONET method – an analytical method that uses the Pathfinder algorithm to produce network representations of behavioral sequences – successfully addresses these five criteria. Finally, we argue that test design should be conceived of in a framework of usability engineering, thereby leading to the creation of more usable test methods.
Antigenic similarity between the virus causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Congo virus.

SummaryA viral strain isolated in the USSR from apatient suffering from Crimean hemorrhagic fever and reported to be etiologically related to the illness, has been shown to be antigenically indistinguishable from Congo virus.
Optical Printing of Electrodynamically Coupled Metallic Nanoparticle Arrays

Optical forces acting on metallic nanoparticles can be used to organize mesoscale arrays for various applications. Here, we show that silver nanoparticles can be deposited as ordered arrays and chains on chemically modified substrates using a simple and facile optical trapping approach that we term “optical printing”. The deposited patterns show preferred separations between nanoparticles resulting from their electrodynamic coupling (i.e., optical binding) in the electromagnetic field of the optical trapping beam. Centrosymmetric optical traps readily allow simultaneous deposition of nanoparticle pairs and triples maintaining the interparticle geometries present in solution. Repositioning an optical line trap with small intercolumn separations allows selectively sampling low and high energy parts of the interparticle potentials. We find that the preferred particle arrangements controllably change from rectangular and triangular to near-field aggregates as one forces the separation to be small. The separat...
Effect of Extender Viscosity on the Insemination Dose for Chickens

Abstract When semen was diluted 1:2 with Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE) containing 4% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), seminal viscosity was 14 times greater than that of semen similarly extended with BPSE and 2.2 times more viscous than neat semen. Under these conditions, CMC was not spermicidal (P>.05). Increased seminal viscosity did not enhance fertility (P>.05) over a 20-day interval following a single insemination of 33 or 100 × 106 spermatozoa/hen. In the case of semen extended with BPSE as well as BPSE containing CMC, the insemination dose of 100 × 106 spermatozoa gave superior fertility (P .05) due to insemination dose. These results demonstrate that although a conventional insemination dose could be reduced in order to use semen more efficiently, increasing seminal viscosity may not be warranted for artificial insemination programs.
The Geostrategic, Techno-Nationalist Push into Space (El Empuje Geoestratégico Del Tecno-Nacionalismo En El Espacio)

English Abstract: The technological benefits of space hardware are universally recognized. One is hard pressed to find an area of the world where satellite dishes for television reception, satellite use for data transmission, or the Global Positioning System (GPS) for multiple purposes are not utilized. But utilization of commercial or of other countries’ space assets does not equate to being a space-faring nation. Space-faring nations have, to varying degrees, their own capabilities. The importance of status as a space-faring nation comes from two sources: not having to rely on others for access to the benefits of space assets, and prestige that can translate into geopolitical influence. Beyond users and space-faring nations, there are those countries actively asserting space leadership in some form, whether regional or global. What pushes countries to go beyond being a spacefaring nation and assert leadership potential, including potentially engaging in an implicit or explicit space race, is techno-nationalism, which for the purposes of this paper refers to nationalism that becomes the impetus for technology development as an indicator of geostrategic power. It is often triggered by a threat or perception of a threat, including a threat to perceived leadership. Techno-nationalism carries with it an inherent quest for leadership, by some definition.Spanish Abstract: Los beneficios de las aplicaciones espaciales son reconocidos universalmente. Es dificil encontrar algun area del mundo en que las antenas parabolicas satelitales para recepcion televisiva, uso satelital para transmision de datos, o el Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para aplicaciones multiples, no sean usados. Pero la utilizacion comercial o con equipos provenientes de terceros paises no equivale a ser una potencia espacial. Las potencias espaciales tienen, en diferentes grados, sus propias capacidades. La importancia del estatus y el prestigio de serlo proviene de dos fuentes: no tener que depender de otros para acceder a los beneficios de bienes espaciales, y que el prestigio pueda traducirse en influencia geopolitica. A parte de los usuarios y las potencias espaciales, existen otros paises que estan afirmando activamente su liderazgo espacial en alguna forma, ya sea regional o global. Lo que impulsa a los Estados, mas alla de ser potencias regionales y afirmar su potencial liderazgo, incluyendo la participacion en una carrera espacial explicita o implicita, es el tecnonacionalismo, que para los propositos de este ensayo se refiere al nacionalismo que se transforma en impetu para el desarrollo tecnologico como indicador de poder geoestrategico. Es comunmente inducido por una amenaza o percepcion de la misma, que incluye una amenaza al liderazgo percibido. Segun se ha definido, el tecnonacionalismo conlleva una inherente busqueda de liderazgo.
Polarization optical studies of the mitotic spindle. I. The demonstration of spindle fibers in living cells

1. With an improved polarization microscope, spindle fibers and fibrils, can be seen in living, normally dividing cells. 2. Chromosomal and continuous fibers are demonstrated in photographs of oocytes ofChaetopterus pergamentaceous, as well as in pollen mother cells ofLilium longiflorum. 3. Supplementary observations on spermatocytes of several species of grasshopper and ofDrosophila melanogaster, as well as on pollen mother cells ofPolygonatum biflorum, Gasteria carinata and a species ofIris, confirm the findings mentioned above. 4. Some of the structural changes observed in the spindle and chromosomes during division are described. 5. The appearance of spindle structures in certain fixed preparations closely resembles structures observable in living cells under polarized light.
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Thrips Populations in a Diverse Ecosystem: Theory and Management

Studies on the ecology, behavior and management of Thrips tabaci have elucidated its interaction with its host crops in a diversified ecosystem in upstate New York. T. tabaci populations overwinter primarily in winter wheat and alfalfa and reproduce on these crops and oats in the early spring. These crops serve as a reservoir until they senesce or are harvested after which T. tabaci migrate to cabbage and other crops. Knowledge of the type, location and abundance of these early season field crops allows us to forecast the arrival of T. tabaci on cabbage and provide timely warnings to growers with respect to regional occurrences and to assign risk values of infestation to individual fields. Once in cabbage T. tabaci will differentially colonize the heads or frame leaves. On susceptible varieties, more T. tabaci and their injury will be found in the head leaves while higher proportions will be found on the frame leaves of resistant varieties. Although some work has been done on the inheritance of resistance in cabbage, the actual mechanism remains unknown. Seed companies are now producing tolerant varieties and growers are using these as their first line of defense. Control of T. tabaci on cabbage by biological and chemical means has met with limited success.
The Role of Young, Recently Disturbed Upland Hardwood Forest as High Quality Food Patches

Young (1–10 year post-disturbance) upland hardwood forests function as high-quality food patches by providing abundant fruit, and nutritious foliage and flowers that attract pollinating and foliar arthropods and support high populations of small mammals that, in turn, are prey for numerous vertebrate predators. Reductions in basal area increase light penetration to the forest floor, which stimulates vegetative growth and promotes fruiting. Fruit biomass (dry edible pulp) can be 5 to nearly 50 times greater in young forest than mature forest as “pioneer” species, such as pokeweed and blackberry, ericaceous shrubs, various forbs and grasses, and stump sprouts of many tree species produce fruit. Forage production can increase ­substantially after disturbances that significantly reduce overstory basal area, such as timber harvests, heavy thinning, or intense prescribed fire. Hard mast (nut) ­production can be sustained in young forests if some mature, good mast-producing oak, hickory, or beech trees are retained. Balancing the creation of young, recently disturbed upland hardwood forests with the desired amount and distribution of other forest age-classes will sustain high-quality food patches for wildlife within a landscape context.
The identity of one of the Ismaili dā‛īs sent by the Fatimids to Ibn Ḥafṣūn

L'A. presente une copie de manuscrit d'une oeuvre ismailite ancienne intitulee Kitāb al-Munāzarāt et explique son importance comme source nouvelle essentielle pour l'histoire intellectuelle de Qayrawān a la fin du IXe siecle et de la revolution Ismaili au Magreb. Il a fait un livre de sa recherche sur cette oeuvre jamais etudiee. Il parvient meme a identifier l'un des personnages cites dans le manuscrit.
Alternating Sulfone Copolymers Depolymerize in Response to Both Chemical and Mechanical Stimuli

This work describes the depolymerization of poly(vinyl acetate-alt-sulfur dioxide) (PVAS) as initiated by chemical and mechanical stimuli. In recent years, macromolecules that are able to depolymerize in response to specific stimuli have been highly sought because of their ability to amplify signal for sensing and drug delivery. Examples include self-immolative polymers from alkoxyphenol derivatives and polyaldehydes. We show here that alternating copolymers of sulfur dioxide and vinyl acetate are able to undergo similar depolymerization into their monomer components in response to various chemical and mechanical stimuli. Certain vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate are able to polymerize with sulfur dioxide in a perfectly alternating manner, and the resulting copolymer possesses a low ceiling temperature. We show that this polymer is able to break down into its monomer components when subjected to UV/acetone, various Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and ultrasonication. In the case of UV, the acetone reacted via a Norrish reaction to produce free radicals that caused clean monomer production. For ROS, the polymer showed reactivity to both oxidizing and radical-containing ROS. Through kinetic studies, these polymers were shown to proceed via a two-part, first-order kinetic model with a fast initiation phase and a slow depolymerization phase. Finally, the polymers were subjected to probe ultrasonication, and depolymerization occurred as well. Most tellingly, the polymer again showed a fast initiation step and continued to depolymerize even after ultrasonication stopped. This class of polymers shows potential for drug delivery in response to both endogenous chemical and externally-applied mechanical cues.
Shared musical knowledge in 11-month-old infants

Five-month-old infants selectively attend to novel people who sing melodies originally learned from a parent, but not melodies learned from a musical toy or from an unfamiliar singing adult, suggesting that music conveys social information to infant listeners. Here, we test this interpretation further in older infants with a more direct measure of social preferences. We randomly assigned 64 11-month-old infants to 1–2 weeks’ exposure to one of two novel play songs that a parent either sang or produced by activating a recording inside a toy. Infants then viewed videos of two new people, each singing one song. When the people, now silent, each presented the infant with an object, infants in both conditions preferentially chose the object endorsed by the singer of the familiar song. Nevertheless, infants’ visual attention to that object was predicted by the degree of song exposure only for infants who learned from the singing of a parent. Eleven-month-olds thus garner social information from songs, whether learned from singing people or from social play with musical toys, but parental singing has distinctive effects on infants’ responses to new singers. Both findings support the hypothesis that infants endow music with social meaning. These findings raise questions concerning the types of music and behavioral contexts that elicit infants’ social responses to those who share music with them, and they support suggestions concerning the psychological functions of music both in contemporary environments and in the environments in which humans evolved.
Why do users prefer the hedonic but choose the Utilitarian? Investigating user dilemma of hedonic–utilitarian choice

Abstract Research studies have shown that although the hedonic product feature is more valued by users it is the utilitarian that is favored in acquisition choice situations. Further, the hedonic is more favored in forfeiture choice situations than the utilitarian. In this longitudinal study we examine this phenomenon with actual users of software. The results of the study show that as expected in acquisition situations users explicitly prefer the utilitarian although their implicit choice as reflected by the feature's impact on their satisfaction is for the hedonic. However, in forfeiture situations the explicit-implicit user preference is not based on hedonic–utilitarian considerations. The results also suggest the reason for this observed phenomenon. Unlike utilitarian features which consistently showed characteristics of Herzberg's hygiene factors in acquisition-forfeiture situations, hedonic features demonstrated characteristics of Herzberg's motivators only during acquisition, while demonstrating characteristics of hygiene factors during forfeiture. These findings offer interesting theoretical insights and have useful practical implications for product managers of software products.
An Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice Model for Dentistry and Pharmacy

The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of an interprofessional education and collaborative practice model (IECPM) developed by the School of Dentistry (SOD) and College of Pharmacy (COP) for the University of Minnesota dental clinics and to report results of the needs assessment using specific primary care metrics and medication histories gathered through use of the model in 2015-16. Planning focused on establishing a workflow to implement the IECPM by the SOD and COP. The interprofessional team that provided patient care for the study consisted of 50 dental students, ten dental therapy students, one pharmacy student, one pharmacy resident, one faculty pharmacist, one dental assistant, one faculty dental hygienist, and two dentists. The team selected 190 patients in the SOD clinic for the study based on the inclusion criteria: patients with two or more chronic medical conditions who were taking medications. The 190 patients received a comprehensive dental exam, review of social and medical history, and medication therapy management assessment by the interprofessional team. Specific core primary care metrics (blood pressure, pulse, tobacco use, and diabetes status) and identification of drug therapy problems (DTPs) were monitored and/or screened for during the dental visit. The results showed that the IECPM helped identify that this cohort of patients presented with chronic conditions: 64% had hypertension, 34% had diabetes, and 10.5% reported smoking cigarettes. Several DTPs were identified, of which "needs additional drug therapy" was the most common. This cohort was taking multiple medications (2-34 per patient) to address a variety of medical conditions. The study concluded that the IECPM with the SOD and COP helped address a primary care need that often goes unmet in dental clinics.
Clinical nurses' experiences and perceptions after the implementation of an interprofessional team intervention: A qualitative study.

Aims and objectives To explore clinical nurses' experiences and perceptions following a purposeful interprofessional (IP) team intervention in practice. Background Despite increasing interest in IP collaborative practice to improve teamwork, nursing outcomes and quality of care, there has been little research that focused on nurses' perspectives of IP collaboration after a purposeful IP team intervention. Design A qualitative descriptive study using focus group interviews of registered nurses who care for patients with advanced heart failure. Methods This study is part of a larger study that conducted and evaluated a purposeful IP team intervention. Registered nurses (n = 10) were invited to participate in three focus groups following the IP team intervention. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using a conventional content analysis approach and constant comparative method. Results We identified six interrelated themes: (a) IP team building, (b) psychological safety and cultural change, (c) efficiency in delivery of care, (d) quality of patient care, (e) job outcomes and (f) team challenges. Notably, participants reported that they could better understand the patient's care plan of the day because every team member was "on the same page at the same time." Registered nurses perceived that they were more satisfied with their job through improved IP team performance, enhanced psychological safety and cultural change, efficient workflow and better quality of patient care. Conclusions The IP team intervention contributed to enhancing IP team functioning as well as improving registered nurse job satisfaction. To sustain the improved perceptional and behavioural changes, team strategies to improve workflow and communication should be considered. Relevance to clinical practice Effective teamwork and communication between multiple healthcare professionals including nurses are the cornerstones to improve care delivery, nursing outcomes and quality of patient care in clinical settings.
Race and Insurance Status Are Associated With Surgical Management of Isolated Meniscus Tears.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform a population-level analysis to evaluate the effect of socioeconomic markers on the use of meniscus surgery in patients with meniscus tears. Methods We queried all hospital-based clinic visits from 2011 to 2014 in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, which also contains all New York inpatient/outpatient visits. Patients with known prior knee surgery, meniscus tear before 2011, or other ligament injuries were excluded. The primary outcome was a meniscus procedure (meniscectomy or meniscus repair). Survival analysis was used to calculate the rate of meniscus surgery within 6 months. A multivariate model identified patient factors (age, sex, race, and payer) associated with surgical intervention. Results There were 32,012 patients identified who met the inclusion criteria. The rate of meniscus procedure within 6 months of diagnosis was 49.6%. Meniscectomy was performed in 98.8% of cases compared with 1.2% for meniscus repair. Rates of meniscus procedures were higher in patients who were older, male, and white, as well as those first diagnosed by a surgeon. The highest rates of meniscus procedures were in those with private, worker's compensation, or other insurance types. Multivariable analysis showed that female sex, non-white race, and public or self-pay insurance were independently associated with lower rates of meniscus surgery. Conclusions These results suggest both insurance-based and race-based disparities regarding surgical treatment. Additionally, the strongest variable for surgical management was a meniscus tear being first diagnosed by a surgeon. Level of Evidence Level of Evidence IV, retrospective case-control study.
Living with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Parental Views of Their Child's Quality of Life.

Objective To assess parents' views of their children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the association between neonatal morbidities and HRQoL in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who survived to 18-36 months of corrected age. Study Design Study population included infants born Results Seventy children (67% male, gestational age 26.1 ± 2.0 weeks, and birth weight 797 ± 318g) were enrolled at 27.1 ± 5.8 months of corrected age. Mean PHY-QoL and PS-QoL were 78.0 ± 21.9 and 75.3 ± 17.9, respectively, both significantly lower than reported means for term and preterm cohorts, with the exception of emotional QoL. Adjusted postnatal composite morbidity score was cumulatively associated with poorer PHY-QoL (P = .002) and poorer PS-QoL (P = .015). Presence of each additional neonatal morbidity was associated with a 4.4-point decrease in PHY-QoL and 2.8-point decrease in PS-QoL. Conclusions In this cohort, parental perceived HRQoL for their child with severe BPD was lower than expected for term and preterm populations. Neonatal morbidities had an additive association with poorer parental assessment of PHY-QoL and PS-QoL. These findings may aid in care of children with severe BPD and their families, both in the intensive care nursery and postdischarge.
Musical auditory processing, cognition, and psychopathology in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with impairment in multiple domains of cognition and risk for several psychiatric disorders. Musical auditory processing is highly heritable, and is impaired in individuals with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but has never been studied in 22q11DS, notwithstanding anecdotal evidence of its sparing. We aimed to characterize musical auditory processing in 22q11DS and explore potential relationships with other cognitive domains, musical engagement, and psychiatric disorders. The Distorted Tunes Task and Global Musical Sophistication Index were used to assess pitch discrimination and general musical engagement in 58 individuals with 22q11DS aged 8-29 years. Psychopathology was assessed with sections from the modified Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. The Penn computerized neurocognitive battery (CNB) examined four domains of cognition (executive functioning, episodic memory, complex cognition, and social cognition). Significant musical auditory processing impairment and reduced musical engagement were found in individuals with 22q11DS. However, deficits in musical auditory processing were not associated with reduced musical engagement. After covarying for age and sex, episodic memory and overall CNB performance accuracy were significantly related to performance in musical auditory processing. There were no relationships between musical auditory processing and presence of any psychiatric diagnoses. Individuals with 22q11DS experience significant deficits in musical auditory processing and reduced musical engagement. Pitch discrimination is associated with overall cognitive ability, but appears to be largely independent of psychiatric illness.
Evaluation of Land Surface Model Against Smap and In-Situ Observations for Indian Region

Soil moisture and temperature are key inputs to several precision agricultural applications such as irrigation scheduling, identifying crop health, pest and disease prediction, yield and acreage estimation, etc. The existing remote sensing satellites based soil moisture products such as SMAP are of coarse resolution and physics based land surface model such as NL-DAS, GLDAS are also of coarse resolution as well as not available for real time applications. Keeping this in focus, we have customized high resolution land data assimilation system (HRLDAS) for India. The customization involve: (1) use of Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) dataset for dynamic forcing fields, (2) ability to ingest local information about the soil characteristics (3) high resolution USGS land-cover and other static datasets, amongst others. In this paper, we present the performance of the customized model against SMAP soil moisture data and local sensors observations. The first results from the comparison shows a significantly reduced errors in model results. The RMSE for LSM generated outputs are less than 2%, whereas SMAP gives 4–5 % error for soil moisture.
A Focus on Feedback: Improving Learner Engagement and Faculty Delivery of Feedback in Hospital Medicine

Feedback is an integral part of medical education. However, there is great variation of training and effectiveness of feedback delivery, especially in the inpatient setting. The unique learning environment provided in hospital medicine allows teachers the opportunity to provide feedback on learner performance under several longitudinal observations in areas such as direct patient care, procedural tasks, and interdisciplinary team leadership skills. Most important, feedback should occur on more than one occasion to truly empower change in knowledge, attitude, and skills. This article aims to provide the reader with foundational theories on feedback and strategies to use best practices for delivery.
Overcoming challenges of harvest quota allocation in spatially structured populations

Abstract Ignoring spatial population structure in the development of fisheries management advice can affect population resilience and yield. However, the resources required to develop spatial stock assessment models that match the spatial scale of management are often unavailable. As a result, quota recommendations from spatially aggregated assessment models are commonly divided among management areas based on empirical methods. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model to 1) explore how variation in population structure influences the spatial distribution of harvest that produces maximum system yield, and 2) contrast the performance of empirical quota allocation methods in approximating ideal spatial harvest strategies. Spatial scenarios that included post-recruitment movement resulted in a broader range of spatial management options (e.g., setting regional total allowable catch) that achieved near maximum system yield compared to scenarios without movement. Stochastic projections showed that using the proportion of total survey biomass in each management area to spatially allocate quota performed best for maximizing system yield when the true spatial structure was unknown, considerably outperforming equal allocation and allocation based on a recruitment index. However, with all methods, area-specific harvest rates sometimes led to unintended depletion within management units. Improved data and understanding of spatial stock dynamics can reduce the need for ad hoc approaches for spatial harvest allocation, allow for a greater range of management options, and increase the efficacy of spatial management procedures.
A neural network surrogate model for the performance assessment of a vertical structure subjected to non-stationary, tornadic wind loads

Abstract Despite significant advancements in computational technologies and methods, the comprehensive assessment of the performance capacities and risk of structures built in environments prone to severe natural hazards is still a daunting task under standard Monte Carlo-based simulation schemes. This issue is particularly relevant for the consideration of wind actions from loads generated by non-stationary phenomena (e.g. tornadoes) because of extreme complexities in the simulated flow field and the fluid-structure interaction. To mitigate such computational burdens, this study proposes a surrogate modeling approach that utilizes predicted fragilities from artificial neural networks (ANNs) to facilitate the performance-based assessment of a vertical structure subjected to tornadic wind loads. Calibration data for the feedforward ANNs are extracted from numerically generated responses based on a derived wind loading model that capitalizes on the developments of various analytical formulations of a tornado’s wind field. Uncertainties in the structural behavior and in the overall modeling procedure are incorporated in the process, culminating in a life-cycle cost assessment that incorporates a practical, economic value to the simulation framework. The novel application of ANNs in this study, therefore, empowers a more robust performance-based framework for the risk evaluation of structures subjected to tornado wind loads.
Advances at the Interface of Cancer and Systemic Sclerosis.

The interface between systemic sclerosis and cancer has offered valuable insights into our understanding of systemic sclerosis disease pathogenesis. Defining systemic sclerosis subgroups both tempo...
Integrated care models and behavioral health care utilization: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Medicaid health homes

Integration of behavioral and general medical care can improve outcomes for individuals with behavioral health conditions-serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorder (SUD). However, behavioral health care has historically been segregated from general medical care in many countries. We provide the first population-level evidence on the effects of Medicaid health homes (HH) on behavioral health care service use. Medicaid, a public insurance program in the United States, HHs were created under the 2010 Affordable Care Act to coordinate behavioral and general medical care for enrollees with behavioral health conditions. As of 2016, 16 states had adopted an HH for enrollees with SMI and/or SUD. We use data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health over the period 2010 to 2016 coupled with a two-way fixed-effects model to estimate HH effects on behavioral health care utilization. We find that HH adoption increases service use among enrollees, although mental health care treatment findings are sensitive to specification. Further, enrollee self-reported health improves post-HH.
Impact of Face Masks on Speech Acoustics and Vocal Effort in Healthcare Professionals

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS We investigated speech acoustics and self-reported vocal symptoms in mask-wearing healthcare professionals. We hypothesized that there would be an attenuation of spectral energies and increase in vocal effort during masked speech compared to unmasked speech. STUDY DESIGN Within and between subject quasi-experimental design. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 21 healthcare providers (13 cisgender female, 8 cisgender male; M = 32.9 years; SD = 7.9 years) and assessed acoustics and perceptual measures with and without a face mask in place. Measurements included: 1) acoustic Vowel Articulation Index (VAI); 2) cepstral and spectral acoustic measures; 3) traditional vocal measures (e.g., fundamental frequency, intensity); 4) relative fundamental frequency (RFF); and 5) self-reported ratings of vocal effort and dyspnea. RESULTS During masked speech, there was a significant reduction in VAI, high-frequency information (>4 kHz), and RFF offset 10, as well as a significant increase in cepstral peak prominence and perceived vocal effort. Further analysis showed that high-frequency attenuation was more pronounced when wearing an N95 mask compared to a simple mask. CONCLUSIONS Face masks pose an additional barrier to effective communication that primarily impacts spectral characteristics, vowel space measures, and vocal effort. Future work should evaluate how long-term mask use impacts vocal health and may contribute to vocal problems. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
“I LOVE This”: An Exploration of How Self-Objectification Predicts Support for Menstrual Suppression

This study was designed to explore support for menstrual suppression. It was hypothesized that menstrual attitudes would mediate, and feminine norms moderate, the relationship between self-objectif...
Rushed Decisions: Ethical Considerations for Digital Storytelling Practitioners.

The American Dreaming project, a community-based participatory research study conducted in collaboration with the nonprofit organization Define American, focuses on bolstering the mental health of ...
John Caddy, Review of “Marine Habitat and Cover: Their Importance for Productive Coastal Fishery Resources”

Overﬁshing has depleted many ﬁsh stocks to histor-ically low levels. The goal of ﬁsheries management isto rebuild commercially valuable marine biomass.Recently a shift has occurred away from singlespecies management towards ecosystem-based man-agement. A major aspect of ecosystem managementis identifying and protecting ‘critical habitat’. Despitethis focus on habitat, it has received little attention inﬁeld studies. Marine Habitat and Cover attempts toaddress this need for future research by exploring theuse of habitat as cover in marine systems. The author,John Caddy, makes use of his extensive backgroundand a review of primary literature to present topicsrelevant to habitat use and restoration. This reviewwas performed as part of a graduate aquatic ecologyclass.The book is organized into nine chapters withmultiple sub-sections within each chapter. The intro-duction provides the reader with some background onthe laws and regulations that govern human impactson marine habitat. It ﬁnishes with a bulleted list offactors affecting the ability of ﬁsh stocks to recover,with the ﬁnal four bullets dealing directly with habitatand its use by ﬁsh as cover. Chapter 1 introduces thereader to the subject matter with some generaldeﬁnitions of key words and an overview of habitatconstraints on ﬁshes. We are also introduced to theauthor’s method of using conceptual models toillustrate his points. Chapter 2 seeks to create adialog about critical habitat and its place in stockrecovery. The author argues that a structural bottle-neck exists as a result of limited suitable cover, wherethe survival of a juvenile ﬁsh is most vulnerable.Caddy further suggests that this lack of ideal covercould play a more vital role in juvenile survival thanfood abundance. He also introduces the concept offractality for measuring the efﬁciency of habitat ascover.Chapter 3 begins with a description of the structureof cover and introduces the notion that preferredcover varies ontogenetically and becomes morelimiting with increasing body size. The fractalcoefﬁcient is deﬁned, but a more detailed descriptionof the fractal concept in addition to proper expressionof all terms would have permitted better comprehen-sion of the equations provided. The chapter closeswith two interesting examples of how cover depen-dent species may experience higher predationmortality with size due to displacement. The nextchapter outlines the inﬂuence of cover on behavior.Caddy expands on the concept of fractality todescribe the holding capacity of habitat. The holdingcapacity dictates how the habitat is utilized as well asthe size distribution of ﬁshes present. He alsointroduces the idea of cover corridors that extendfrom one habitat to another during different stages ofa ﬁsh’s life history. Within these cover corridors are
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synapse loss. Increasing evidence supports a role of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in the progression and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we summarize evidence for a role of oxidative stress in the progression of AD by comparing the appearance of the same oxidized brain proteins from subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD (EAD), and late-stage AD, and relating these findings to the reported AD pathology. The identification of oxidized brain proteins in common in MCI, EAD, and AD brain suggest that certain key pathways are triggered and may be involved in the progression of AD. Exploring these pathways in detail may provide clues for better understanding the pathogenesis and progression of AD and also for the development of effective therapies to treat or delay this dementing disorder.
Conditional lethal mutants of the small filamentous coliphage M13. II. Two genes for coat proteins.

Abstract Mutations in both M13 genes 3 and 8 affect properties of the phage protein coat. Many gene 3 mutants attach to host cells at an abnormally low rate and are also unusually sensitive to inactivation in vitro by trypsin or heat. Gene 3 amber mutants infecting nonpermissive host cells produce “polyphage” particles, which contain infective DNA molecules but are much longer than normal virions and fail to attach to host cells. Gene 8 mutations affect the buoyant density of the phage in CsCl, the electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels, and also the sensitivity to anti-M13 neutralizing antibodies. From phenotypic mixing experiments, it appears that each M13 virion contains very few copies of the gene 3 product but very many of the gene 8 product. These results, together with results published elsewhere, show that gene 3 codes for the phage attachment protein, probably present as a single subunit at one end of the filamentous virion, while gene 8 codes for the major coat protein subunit. Mutations in these genes do not affect phage DNA synthesis, thus coat protein synthesis and DNA synthesis are not coupled in M13 as they are in the icosahedral single-stranded DNA phages ∅X174 and S13.