cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimates of Genetic Parameters of Some Functions of Part Lactation Milk Records

Summary Estimates of repeatability of monthly milk records and functions of monthly milk records were obtained from the within herd regression of a second record on the preceding record from the records of 2,358 Holstein cows in 226 New York herds. Highest repeatability estimates of monthly records were for the 5th, 6th, and 7th mo. of lactation. The estimates of repeatability of cumulative production increased with advance in the stage of lactation. Repeatability estimates of bimonthly records were nearly as large as estimates for complete yield. Heritability estimates and estimates of genetic correlations obtained from a paternal half-sib analysis of the records of 1,526 daughters of 145 A. I. sires followed the same patterns as the estimates of repeatability. These results indicate that temporary environmental conditions are more important during first and last stages of production than during the middle stages, when genetic and permanent environmental differences between cows provide relatively more control over production. The high genetic correlations between some functions of monthly records and total yield indicate that genetic progress by selection of A. I. sires on the basis of these functions may be nearly as rapid as by selection on the basis of total yield. If generation time can be decreased or selection intensity increased by the use of part records, then genetic progress may be more rapid with selection based on part records than with selection on complete yield.
Varietal Differences in Minituber Production Costs

Minitubers have become important components of seed potato production systems. Minituber production methods and yields affect costs. We used data from the University of Wisconsin seed potato program to estimate minituber production costs by variety in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Labor is identified as the most significant operating cost, while salaries represent the greatest fixed cost. The 3 year average total cost per minituber across all varieties was estimated at $0.47. Of the varieties grown in all 3 years of analysis Langlade had the highest average yield and lowest cost. Yukon Gold and Pike had the lowest yields and highest costs.
Structural basis of aquaporin inhibition by mercury

The aquaporin family of channels was defined based on the inhibition of water transport by mercurial compounds. Despite the important role of mercurials, little is known about the structural changes involved upon mercury binding leading to channel inhibition. To elucidate the mechanism we designed a mutant, T183C, of aquaporin Z (AqpZ) patterned after the known mercury-sensitive site of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and determined the X-ray crystal structures of the unbound and mercury blocked states. Superposition of the two structures shows no conformational rearrangement upon mercury binding. In the blocked structure, there are two mercury sites, one bound to Cys183 and occluding the pore, and a second, also bound to the same cysteine but found buried in an interstitial cavity. To test the mechanism of blockade we designed a different mutant, L170C, to produce a more effective mercury block at the pore site. In a dose-response inhibition study, this mutant was 20 times more sensitive to mercury than wild-type AqpZ and four times more sensitive than T183C. The X-ray structure of L170C shows four mercury atoms at, or near, the pore site defined in the T183C structure and no structural change upon mercury binding. Thus, we elucidate a steric inhibition mechanism for this important class of channels by mercury.
The Psychological Weight of Weight Stigma

The authors theorized that overweight individuals experience social identity threat in situations that activate concerns about weight stigma, causing them to experience increased stress and reduced self-control. To test these predictions, women who varied in body mass index (BMI) gave a speech on why they would make a good dating partner. Half thought they were videotaped (weight visible); the remainder thought they were audiotaped (weight not visible). As predicted, higher BMI was associated with increased blood pressure and poorer performance on a measure of executive control when weight was visible and concerns about stigma were activated but not when weight was not visible. Compared to average weight women, overweight women also reported more stress-related emotions when videotaped versus audiotaped. Findings suggest that weight stigma can be detrimental to mental and physical health and deplete self-regulatory resources necessary for weight control.
Influence of a critically oriented methods course and early field experience on preservice teachers' conceptions of teaching

In recent years there has been a growing interest in arming physical education teachers with critical pedagogies. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a critically oriented methods course and early field experience (EFE) on 20 preservice teachers' (PTs) conceptions of the teaching–learning process. Data were collected using the critical incident technique and a reflective questionnaire. They were analyzed by employing the analytic induction method. Results indicated that the inward focus of the methods course and EFE on the analysis of teaching had a considerable influence on the PTs. Conversely, the outward focus on curriculum studies as well as four permeating themes (elitism, racism, classism, and sexism) appeared to have virtually no impact on them at all. Possible reasons for and implications of these findings are discussed.
Factors Enhancing the Rapid Assimilation of Maltese Immigrants in Detroit

Population movement is discussed within a framework of geographical and cultural step migration using the Maltese immigrants of Detroit as an example. Barriers to assimilation experienced by migrant groups such as race and religion are examined and their impact within this particular group discussed. A brief ethnohistorical account of Maltese culture at the point of origin is compared to the ethnically mixed atmosphere of Detroit and factors which have accelerated Maltese assimilation are described. Extensive participant observation within the Detroit Maltese community has indicated that assimilation occurs along a continuum with response clustered at the end points. Some assertively maintain a separate cultural identity while most actively seek assimilation. The author concludes that the specific history of the group at the point of origin predisposed the majority of Maltese to rapid assimilation once having arrived in a receptive environment.
Adaptive optics using a MEMS deformable mirror

We use a simplified mechanical/electrostatic model to describe the coupling between mirror and actuator. A WYKO interferometer is used to characterize the electromechanical performance of a MEMS deformable mirror (Boston Micromachines, Inc). We measured the voltage vs. deflection curves for the sample actuator with and without energizing the local adjacent neighbor actuators. This characterization results generated a quadratic and a linear equations to predict required voltage for actuators under different deflection profiles. We incorporated the MEMS mirror into a simple adaptive optics (AO) testbed. The system includes a near infrared superluminescent diode, a MEMS deformable mirror (DM), and a Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS). The real time measurements provided by the SHWS (wavefront slopes) were the input to an integral controller. The controller was calibrated in situ by the typical method of determining an influence matrix which poke each actuator separately and measuring the resulting wavefront slopes at each lenslet. The control software then use the error signal between the current SHS positions and the desired positions, applied the characteristic model of the mirror, and determined the appropriate voltage to apply to each actuator, given the desired deflection for the surrounding actuators. The system was able to provide real time aberration compensation at loop gains of 0.3. A set of Zernike polynomial shapes were produced by DM under different loop gains to test the ability of control. A large proportion of the final wavefront shape could be achieved in a single iteration with a loop gain 1.0.
Ulcer site and complications: relation to Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use.

Background and Study Aim : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence and location of ulcers, H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Patients and Methods : We studied 100 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcers and 145 consecutive patients with benign gastric ulcers. Results : Ninety-nine percent of the duodenal ulcer patients and 92% of the gastric ulcer patients had H. pylori infection ; all gastric ulcer patients without H. pylori infection were using NSAIDs. Gastric ulcers in patients with H. pylori infection who were not using NSAIDs were more likely to be on the lesser curvature (85%) than ulcers in NSAID users who had no H. pylori infection (36%) (p < 0.01). Conversely, only 5% of gastric ulcers in H. pylori-positive patients who were not using NSAIDs were on the greater curvature, compared to 45% in H. pylori-negative NSAID users (p < 0.01), and 23% in patients with both possible etiologies. The frequency of NSAID use was very high in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding : 21 of 25 with gastric ulcers (84%) and 13 of 21 with duodenal ulcers (62% ; p < 0.01 for each, compared to bleeding without taking NSAIDs). Overall, 74% of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from peptic ulcer were taking NSAIDs. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was similar among the ulcer patients presenting with and without upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Conclusions : The location of a gastric ulcer on the greater curvature, and presentation with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, are separate and valuable clues to the involvement of NSAIDs. NSAID use may now be responsible for most bleeding complications of ulcer disease, regardless of H. pylori status.
Evaluation of Progress in Achieving TMDL Mandated Nitrogen Reductions in the Neuse River Basin, North Carolina

Management efforts to control excess algal growth in the Neuse River and Estuary, North Carolina began in the 1980s, with an initial focus on phosphorus (P) input reduction. However, continued water quality problems in the 1990s led to development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for nitrogen (N) in 1999 to improve conditions in N-sensitive estuarine waters. Evaluation of the effectiveness of management actions implemented in the Neuse River basin is a challenging endeavor due to natural variations in N export associated with climate. A simplified approach is presented that allows evaluation of trends in flow-normalized nutrient loading to provide feedback on effectiveness of implemented actions to reduce N loading to estuarine waters. The approach is applied to five watershed locations, including the headwaters of the Neuse Estuary. Decreases in nitrate + nitrite (NO3–N) concentrations occurred throughout the basin and were largest just downstream of the Raleigh metropolitan area. Conversely, concentrations of total Kjeldahl N (TKN) increased at many stations, particularly under high flow conditions. This indicates a relative increase in organic N (Org-N) inputs since the mid-1990s. Overall, patterns in different N fractions at watershed stations indicate both partial success in reducing N inputs and ongoing challenges for N loading under high flow conditions. In downstream waters, NO3–N concentrations decreased concurrent with TMDL implementation in the upper portion of the estuary but not in the middle and lower reaches. The lack of progress in the middle and lower reaches of the estuary may, at least in part, be affected by remineralization of settled particle-bound N deposited under high river flows.
Radiative Heat Transfer in Fibrous Insulations—Part II: Experimental Study

Two experiments have been conducted to study radiative heat transfer in light-weight fibrous insulations (LWFI). The spectral extinction coefficients for a commercial LWFI have been measured via transmission measurements, and a guarded hot plate apparatus has been used to measure the radiant heat flux as well as the total heat flux in the insulation. The experimental results are compared with the theoretial values calculated according to the analytical models are useful in Part I of this paper. The comparisons reveal that the analytical models are useful in giving representative values for the radiative properties of typical LWFI. However, only qualitative agreements have been obtained for the heat transfer results.
Variation in the drinking trajectories of freshmen college students

F. K. Del Boca, J. Darkes, P. E. Greenbaum, and M. S. Goldman (2004) examined temporal variations in drinking during the freshmen college year and the relationship of several risk factors to these variations. Here, using the same data, the authors investigate whether a single growth curve adequately characterizes the variability in individual drinking trajectories. Latent growth mixture modeling identified 5 drinking trajectory classes: light-stable, light-stable plus high holiday, medium-increasing, highdecreasing, and heavy-stable. In multivariate predictor analyses, gender (i.e., more women) and lower alcohol expectancies distinguished the light-stable class from other trajectories; only expectancies differentiated the high-decreasing from the heavy-stable and medium-increasing classes. These findings allow for improved identification of individuals at risk for developing problematic trajectories and for development of interventions tailored to specific drinker classes.
Correlation Between Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Transgenic Potatoes Containing Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxin in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Proposed resistance management strategies for Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in transgenic potato crops containing Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin include growing a mixture of transgenic and nontransgenic seed. The success of the strategy would be affected by behavioral responses of Colorado potato beetle to the transgenic foliage in a mixture, and the correlation between behavioral response and physiological resistance. We reared full-sib families of Colorado potato beetle larvae from single mated pairs and measured behavioral response and physiological susceptibility of larvae from each family to transgenic foliage. The behavioral assay consisted of a graded series of endotoxin concentrations, given by potato lines with different endotoxin expression levels. The physiological assay consisted of a single small transgenic leaf disk containing a dose estimated to be approximately the LD 50 for the parent generation. Significant genetic components were observed in the variation in both characters. Heritability estimates were particularly high for the physiological response. The correlation between the two characters was significant. More behaviorally responsive larvae tended to be more physiologically resistant. The implications for the seed mixture strategy are that larvae moving onto transgenic foliage in a mixture are more likely to return to the nontransgenic foliage if they are more resistant ; indirect selection for physiological resistance could result. Because indirect selection for physiological resistance is possible for adult beetles as well as larvae, similar studies should be conducted on adults. The assumed benefits of seed mixtures, providing a refuge for susceptible beetles, also should be verified.
Deception by Omission

In 1997, Robert Baron published the results of human subjects research that may have involved deception. In this experiment, researchers approached subjects at different parts of a mall and asked f...
Machine translation: potential for progress

A status report on a controversial and much-maligned area of technological research and development.Machine Translation does not often make the headlines, though it can happen. In the non-English-speaking world, at least, the last time the spotlight briefly fell on this normally unexciting activity was in September 1998, at the height of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal. The report on the case by the Independent Council, Kenneth Starr, containing an account of the President's intimate dealings with Miss Lewinsky, was placed on the Internet and to satisfy the morbid curiosity of surfers everywhere was immediately translated into the world's major languages using the free translation software available on a number of WWW sites. The results, not surprisingly, were laughable. A capable human being would have had a hard enough time translating such a potent combination of technical and colloquial English: the MT applications were quite out of their depth. The silliest gaffes appeared in newspapers and everyone agreed that the on-line MT programs were useless; the subject was soon forgotten.
Field evaluation of european corn borer control in progeny of 173 transgenic corn events expressing an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis

The European corn borer [ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)] is an economically significant pest of corn (Zea mays L.). The ability to routinely transform corn has broadened the control options available to include the introduction of resistance genes from sexually incompatible species. In this study, microprojectile bombardment was used to introduce synthetic versions of cryIA insecticidal protein genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) into embryogenic tissue of the Hi-II (A188/B73 derivative) genotype of corn. Of 715 independent transgenic calli produced, 314 (44%) had insecticidal activity against tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.) larvae. Plants were regenerated, self-pollinated when possible, and crossed to B73. First-generation progeny of 173 independent Btk-protein expressing calli were evaluated under field conditions with artificial ECB infestations in 1992 or 1993. Approximately half (89/173) segregated in a single-gene manner for resistance to first-generation ECB leaf-feeding damage. All of the 89 lines evaluated in 1992 or 1993 for resistance to second-generation ECB exhibited less stalk tunneling damage then the non-transgenic controls. In 1993, 44% (37/77) of the lines tested had ≤ 2.5 cm of tunneling, compared to severe damage (mean = 45.7 cm) in the B73 × Hi-II controls. Experiments are in progress to evaluate the effect of the introduced genes on yield and other agronomic properties
Implementing a Batterer's Intervention Program in a Correctional Setting: A Tertiary Prevention Model

This study discusses the pretest and posttest results of a batterer's intervention program (BIP) implemented within a California state prison substance abuse program (SAP), with a recommendation for further programs to be implemented within correctional institutions. The efficacy of utilizing correctional facilities to reach offenders who self-report domestic violence behaviors is evaluated. The 52-week curriculum was designed to address the unique environment of a correctional setting and the characteristics of the participants, using established psycho-educational and cognitive-behavioral methods. A repeated measurement design was used to evaluate the participants' cognitive changes, including acceptance of personal responsibility for abusive behaviors. Using a modified Abusive Behavior Inventory along with Criminal Thinking Scales, participants were tested at intake and again at 18 sessions. Their responses were statistically significant to p < .01.
Magnetoelectrostatic confinement in tandem mirror geometry

Magnetoelectrostatic-confinement principles have been used to enhance the performance of a tandem mirror plasma device.
A natural gas modeling framework for conducting infrastructure analysis studies

Increased emphasis on national critical infrastructure protection has accelerated the need to respond to infrastructure assessment requests in a timely manner with reasonable certainty of system consequences following either natural or deliberate system disruptions. Natural gas supply, transmission, and distribution networks provide an important capability to dependent electric power, industrial, commercial, military, and residential customers. This paper describes the natural gas infrastructure analysis and modeling framework (NGtools) at Argonne National Laboratory that directly supports the analysis of the natural gas transmission network given various system disruptions. Infrastructure analysts, given the task to assess the resiliency of the natural gas infrastructure under various disruption scenarios, efficiently respond with increased certainty to various requests by using the in-house-developed analytical suite of tools within NGtools. Analysts use NGtools to identify critical system components and equipment, assess potential network-wide impacts, and suggest measures to mitigate undesirable system responses.
Differential expression of an α-galactosyl-containing trisaccharide on high- and low-malignant murine sarcoma cells: Identification and regulation

Past studies have shown that carbohydrate residues reactive with the Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GS I-B4) are present on the surface of highly-malignant murine sarcoma cells but are lacking or expressed in much lower amounts on the surface of low-malignant cells isolated from the same parent tumors (Am J Pathol 111: 27; J Nat Cancer Inst 71: 1281). In the present study it is shown that an antibody which recognizes the trisaccharide Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc- is reactive with the highly-malignant cells but is non-reactive with the low-malignant cells. Further studies show that the high-malignant cells not only bind GS I-B4 but also bind Evonymus europaea lectin (which like GS I-B4 recognizes terminal galactose in α1-3 linkage) and Erythina crystagalli lectin (which recognizes sub-terminal galactose in the β1-4 linkage – e.g., Galβ1-4GlcNAc). In contrast, the low malignant cells bind Erythina crystagalli lectin as efficiently as the high malignant cells but do not bind (or bind much smaller amounts of) either GS I-B4 or Evonymus europaea lectin. The present studies also show that there is no significant difference between high- and low-malignant cells in expression of α-galactosidase activity. In contrast, the high-malignant cells express high levels of α-galactosyl transferase activity while this enzyme is virtually undetectable in low-malignant cells. Taken together, these studies indicate that differential expression of a single monosaccharide residue distinguishes high- and low-malignant murine sarcoma cells. These studies also identify a mechanism to account for surface carbohydrate differences between the high- and low-malignant cells.
Fast Initial Trajectory Design for Low-Thrust Restricted-Three-Body Problems

This paper presents an approach to generate initial trajectories in a three-body dynamical framework, assuming the use of a low-thrust propulsion system. Finite Fourier series were previously implemented successfully in approximating two-dimensional continuous-thrust trajectories in two-body dynamic models. In this paper, Finite Fourier series are implemented in a dual-level-solver strategy for low-thrust trajectory approximation, in the presence of thrust acceleration constraints, in the three-body dynamic model. This approximation enables the feasibility assessment of low-thrust trajectories, especially in the presence of thrust level constraint. The developed method demonstrates capability in generating trajectories using a fully automated procedure for various levels of thrust acceleration with a moderate to high number of revolutions. The suitability of using the approximated trajectories as initial guesses for high-fidelity solvers is demonstrated.
Book reviews - Communication systems principles

Comrnunicotion Systems Principles is an attempt by the author to develop a single text for the variety of courses now being offered to seniors and first year graduate students interested in communications. The book contains little that is new, few surprises, and nothing that this reviewer has not seen in a similar form elsewhere. It is these characteristics: which surprisingly, make the book attractive. Because, what Professor Peebles appears to have done is sift through the voluminous literature on communications including both textbooks and journals, extract the clearest, most lucid explanations or communication systems phenomena, and present these explanations in an integrated fashion so that the book can be used as an effective teaching tool.
Passive Navigation in a partially known environment

The paper presents an integrated solution to the problem of obtaining the kinematics of a moving vehicle and the 3D locations of salient points in the external environment, based on a sequence of monocular images. The structure of a small number of navigational landmarks in the scene is assumed to be known. The parameters of interest are expressed in an inertial, or 'world' coordinate system, external to the moving vehicle, and are estimated recursively using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The extraction and matching of feature points are done using a gabor wavelet representation, and are interleaved with the recursive estimation. Experimental results on a real image sequence are given. >
Telecommunications applications for 3D imaging systems

In this paper we outline the current status of our telecommunications based 3-D imaging systems work. Demonstrations for each of the key applications areas are being, or have been constructed. The conditions used for scene recording and replay are outlined as is the model used and the constraints imposed. Initial user feedback on the demonstrations is encouraging.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF META‐ANALYTIC RESEARCH: A COMMENT ON SCHMITT, GOODING, NOE, AND KIRSCH (1984)

This comment shows that the conclusion of Schmitt, Gooding, Noe, and Kirsch (1984) that their meta-analytic findings are inconsistent with earlier validity generalization work is in error. The findings in their study that less variance than previously reported was due to sampling error are a result of their larger average sample sizes. Their claim that, after sampling error variance was accounted for, much unexplained variance remained, is incorrect. This error is demonstrated to be a result of their exclusive concentration on percentages and consequent failure to examine amount of observed and residual variance.
What's All The Buzz about?: Everyday Communication and the Relational Basis of Word-of-Mouth and Buzz Marketing Practices

Although the influential role of word-of-mouth communication has been known for decades, a more recent phenomenon is the emergence of explicit organizational efforts to stimulate “buzz” (contagious talk about a brand, service, product, or idea). Buzz marketing organizations either pay people, or seek volunteers, to try new brands and then have agents “talk them up” among their social networks. This article contends that the practice of buzz marketing is usefully framed within the study of everyday communication, which has shown considerable growth in the field of communication studies over the past decade. This framework provides a reliable scientific source and basis on which to base further claims about the effectiveness and ethics of buzz marketing.
Nutritional and economic advantages for homeless families in shelters providing kitchen facilities and food

Abstract Food habits were examined in homeless families in Boston-area hotels and family shelters. Reported household income, food expenditures, food sources, and attitudes were analyzed for 77 caretakers grouped according to kitchen facilities provided and amount of food provided. Diets were analyzed using a 4-week semiquantitative food frequency questionaire for 71 female respondents grouped by type of residence (hotel or shelter). Median monthly income was $589 and was similar among groups. Mean monthly food expenditures were lower for those who lived in shelters that provided standard kitchen facilities and substantial food support compared with those who lived in hotels without these amenities ($93 vs $244; P P P P P P
RF Design Challenges at 90nm RFCMOS Technology Under Low Voltage Applications

This paper presents an overview of the RF design challenges in 90nm RFCMOS technology for low voltage applications. It will first cover the state of the art 90nm RFCMOS technology offerings of advanced active and passive devices. The design challenges of key RF circuit blocks such as LNA, mixer and VCO will be discussed in details, with the emphasis on the performance impact to gain, noise and linearity under low supply voltage. The accurate device modeling for FET devices to account for substrate, oxide stress and parasitic effects are also addressed
Identification of Cationic Herbicides in Deionized Water, Municipal Tap Water, and River Water by Capillary Isotachophoresis/On-Line Raman Spectroscopy

Isotachophoresis (ITP), coupled with Raman spectroscopic detection, is used to separate and identify two cationic herbicides, paraquat and diquat, in spiked deionized water, municipal drinking water, and river water samples. On-line preconcentration is achieved with the use of field-amplified injection into a 0.03-0.1 MH2 SO4 or Na2 SO4 leading electrolyte solution, and isotachophoresis is achieved with the use of a 0.03-0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) trailing electrolyte solution. The herbicides are concentrated to above 10-3M at the detection window, allowing measurement of Raman spectra with 1-s integration windows. Spectra of the herbicides are obtained from solutions at initial concentrations in deionized water at 3.5 X 10-7M (90 ppb) paraquat/5.8 X10-8M (20 ppb) diquat, from drinking water initially at 1.3 X 10 -6M (335 ppb) paraquat/1.0 X 10-6M (360 ppb) diquat, and river water initially at 5.0 X 10-6M (1.3 ppm) paraquat and 3.0 X 10 -6M (1.0 ppm) diquat. The utility of correlation to identify the presence of analytes and of factor analysis to recover spectra from solutions at low initial concentrations of the herbicides is demonstrated.
New criteria of Carleson measures for Hardy spaces and their applications

Carleson measures and vanishing Carleson measures for Hardy spaces are characterized by using product of Hardy functions. The results are applied to obtain characterizations of bounded and compact Riemann–Stieltjes operators and pointwise multiplication operators from Hardy spaces into the general family of spaces F(p, q, s), which include many classical function spaces, such as BMOA and the Bloch space.
Fusion-neutron damage in superconductors and magnet stabilizers

Two NbTi and two Cu wires were irradiated with 14.8 MeV neutrons at 4.2 K to fluences ot 6–8 × 1020 n/m2, using RTNS-II. Electrical resistances ot Cu were monitored during irradiation. Magnetoresistances were measured in fields up to 12.4 T betore and alter irradiation and after isochronal annealing up to 273 K. Critical currents ol NbTi were measurea after irradiation, in fields up to 10 T. The initial rate ot increase of resistivity of the Cu was found to be 2.23 × 1031 (Ω-m)/(n/m2). Ihis rate could be predicted from fission reactor irradiations using damage energy scaling. Ihe maximum observed change in the NbTi critical current was a decrease ot 3% at 4 T. At 6, 8, and 10 T there were no significant changes.
Sidegating effect of GaAs MESFETs and leakage current in a semi-insulating GaAs substrate

A series of measurements were made on test structures to study the sidegating effect of GaAs MESFETs. The results show that the small portion of the gate of a MESFET that is in direct contact with the semi-insulating substrate plays an important role in causing the observed rapid rise of leakage current and in enhancing the sidegating effect. >
MAFIC MAGMAS AS SOURCES FOR GOLD IN MIDDLE MIOCENE EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT BASIN, UNITED STATES: EVIDENCE FROM Pb ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF NATIVE GOLD

We measured the Pb isotope compositions of traces of lead alloyed by gold, electrum and naumannite, and gangue vein minerals in bonanza epithermal gold deposits of the Northern Great Basin, and compared them to possible sources of lead in the region. Gangue minerals have Pb isotope compositions consistent with hydrothermal leaching of lead from local host rocks. Lead isotope ratios of gold ores, however, have signatures that are distinct from the gangue minerals and common host rocks in the area, such as metasediments and Miocene rhyolites. The gold ores are isotopically similar to local mafic rocks of the middle Miocene bimodal volcanic assemblage, indicating that the latter are the likely source of the precious metals. The local mafic rocks are also similar to the middle Miocene Columbia River Basalts, suggesting that both were derived from a mantle source with similar Pb isotope composition. Our preliminary results indicate that the precious metals were derived from mafic magmas likely related to northern Nevada rifting processes and/or to the arrival of the Columbia River Basalt plume and the emergence of the Yellowstone hot spot. Exsolving volatiles from the mafic magmas most likely transported gold upward to the shallow, meteoric water-dominated epithermal systems, where the precious metals precipitated together with quartz and adularia to form bonanza ores that typify these deposits.
A role for the cerebellum in the control of limb movement velocity

Accepting, rejecting or modifying the many different theories of the cerebellum's role in the control of movement requires an understanding of the signals encoded in the discharge of cerebellar neurons and how those signals are transformed by the cerebellar circuitry. Particularly challenging is understanding the sensory and motor signals carried by the two types of action potentials generated by cerebellar Purkinje cells, the simple spikes and complex spikes. Advances have been made in understanding this signal processing in the context of voluntary arm movements. Recent evidence suggests that mossy fiber afferents to the cerebellar cortex are a source of kinematic signals, providing information about movement direction and speed. In turn, the simple spike discharge of Purkinje cells integrates this mossy fiber information to generate a movement velocity signal. Complex spikes may signal errors in movement velocity. It is proposed that the cerebellum uses the signals carried by the simple and complex spike discharges to control movement velocity for both step and tracking arm movements.
Adaptive Flow Control of Wind Turbine Blade Using Microtabs with Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads

A study of vibration suppression of a rotating wind turbine blade with unsteady aerodynamic loads and trailing-edge Microtabs was made. The focus is on the aeroelastic dynamics of the spinning blade with dynamic loads, the closed-loop experiments with Adaptive Controller using small-size, energy-efficient, fast-response actuation, Microtabs, and stability analysis. The experimental results reveal good performance of Adaptive Controller as well as confirming the usefulness of Microtabs as an effective tool for active flow control of a wind turbine blade. The stability of the designed controller is also proved by Adaptive Stability Theorem, which is also demonstrated via each wind velocity case.
Using soil parameters to predict weed infestations in soybean

Abstract An understanding of environmental factors governing patchy weed distribution in fields could prove to be a valuable tool in weed management. The objectives of this research were to investigate the relationships between weed distribution patterns and environmental properties in two Mississippi soybean fields and to construct models based on those relationships to predict weed distribution. Two months before planting, fields were soil sampled on a 60- by 60-m coordinate grid, and samples were analyzed for calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, cation exchange capacity, percent organic matter, and soil pH. The relative elevation of each sample location was also recorded. Approximately 8 wk after planting, weed populations were estimated on a 30- by 30-m grid over the soil sample grid. Punctual kriging was used to estimate environmental values at each weed sample location. Discriminant analysis techniques were used to evaluate the associations between environmental characteristics o...
Iron in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Noninvasive Imaging with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Iron is considered to play a key role in the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In particular, iron that accumulates in myeloid cells after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seals may contribute to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and eventually neurodegeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established tool for the non-invasive study of MS. In recent years, an advanced MRI method, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), has made it possible to study brain iron through in vivo imaging. Moreover, immunohistochemical investigations have helped defining the lesional and cellular distribution of iron in MS brain tissue. Imaging studies in MS patients and of brain tissue combined with histological studies have provided important insights into the role of iron in inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
GREE 2014 OpenFlow Tutorial and Demo

Summary form only given. This tutorial is designed to provide insight into how OpenFlow can be used to conduct network experiments. At present, Clemson University is developing a seamless vertical handover testbed for use by future GENI experimenters. The design of the testbed utilizes OpenFlow and consists of two key components that enable a seamless handover: (1) the client-level and (2) the network-level. Each will be described in detail at the introduction for this tutorial, and you will be given the opportunity to explore a version of the client-level implementation. For the purpose of this tutorial, the client-level component has been ported to a virtual machine (VM) so all can participate without regard to the unique hardware capabilities of each participant.
Abstracts of Foreign Periodicals

s of Foreign Periodicals FRANK B. EVANS, Editor Archivum, vol. 16 (1966). L'Ouverture des Archives a la Recherche: Actes du Congres international extraordinaire des Archives (Washington, 9-13 mai 1966) (Opening Archives to Research: Proceedings of the International Extraordinary Congress on Archives, Washington, May 9-13, 1966) The Proceedings, published only at the end of 1969 after many delays, fulfill the requirement for printing the official record of the Congress. There were four working sessions, each of which consisted of two reports followed by discussion. Speech by Robert H. Bahmer (U.S.). P. 17-18. Dr. Bahmer opened the proceedings by welcoming the delegates on behalf of the Society of American Archivists and the National Archives of the United States. After acknowledging the support given to the Congress by the Council on Library Resources, Inc., he read letters from Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and Charles Braibant, past president of the International Council on Archives. Speech by Charles Frankel (U.S.). P. 19. In his address Dr. Frankel observed that regardless of the varying ideas held by delegates about the nature of history, societies make social and intellectual progress only to the extent that self-knowledge exists among their inhabitants. Effective thinking about the present and the future depends upon the accuracy of our perceptions of what we have been and what we have done; archivists are responsible for preserving the evidence. Because archivists work for all men of learning, they work for the cause of international peace. That is why the U.S. Government regards this meeting as of the greatest importance to scholarship and learning and to worldwide friendship. Speech by Etienne Sabbe (Belgium). P. 20. Observing that since opportunities to meet with archivists from all over the world are very few, M. Sabbe noted that the Extraordinary Congress was therefore most welcome. The generosity of the United States made this possible. The discussion of issues put forward for consideration accessibility of Materials for abstracting and related communications should be sent to Dr. Frank B. Evans, Office of the National Archives, National Archives Building, Washington, D.C. 20408.
Association of Latent Cellulase Activity with a Membrane Fraction from Vegetative Hyphae of Achlya Ambisexualis

The enzyme cellulase exists both in soluble and insoluble forms in the growing hyphae of Achlya ambisexualis. The insoluble form can be solubilized with 1% Triton X-100 or by incubation at room temperature in 0.5 mM DTT, either treatment resulting in an 8to 10-fold increase in activity. Freezing, sonication, or treatment with 1 M salts fails to solubilize this cellulase. We conclude that this particulate cellulase is an integral membrane protein.
Normal Cardiac Anatomy and Clinical Evaluation

The heart is a midline structure which is located in the middle, superior, and posterior regions of the mediastinum. Although it is a midline structure of the apex of the heart, normally it is positioned to the left of the midline (Fig. 2.1).
Selective penile venography: anatomical and hemodynamic observations.

AbstractPenile venographic studies were reviewed to determine the basic radiographic anatomy and hemodynamics. A total of 14 patients underwent 17 selective deep venographic studies in association with planned transcatheter venous ablation. In addition, radiography of the glans was performed in 9 patients and superficial dorsal venography was done in 5. These studies provided a much clearer demonstration of penile venous anatomy than did cavernosography.Important new observations were that the crural perforators were discretely visualized and observed to empty into the medial portion of the internal pudendal veins; flow in the internal pudendal veins was observed to be potentially bidirectional; the confluens of veins at the base of the pre-prostatic plexus served as a conduit through which catheters and sclerosants could be directed to all major portions of the deep penile venous system; in impotent patients at least contrast medium usually refluxed from the deep veins into the erectile bodies during a V...
Vascular Quality Initiative and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registries capture different populations and outcomes in open infrainguinal bypass.

Objective Both the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Procedure Targeted (NSQIP-PT) databases aim to track outcomes and to improve quality in vascular surgery. However, both registries are subject to significant selection bias. The objective of this study was to compare the populations and outcomes of a single procedure in VQI and NSQIP-PT and to identify areas of similarity and discrepancy. Methods Deidentified regional data were provided by VQI, and the public use files were provided by NSQIP. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between data sets with parametric and nonparametric statistical tests as appropriate. For variables with different definitions between VQI and NSQIP-PT, a standardized definition was created to permit comparison across databases. To account for differences in populations of patients between the data sets, VQI and NSQIP-PT records were propensity matched, allowing a comparison of outcomes between databases adjusted for case mix. Results VQI contained 1358 records from 2011 to 2015, whereas NSQIP-PT contained 5273 complete records from 2011 to 2013. Patients in VQI are younger than those in NSQIP (65 [15] vs 68 [16] years; P P = .005), to be on dialysis (4.0% vs 6.1%; P = .003), or to be receiving preoperative aspirin (62% vs 79%; P P P = .6), as was composite myocardial infarction/stroke (3.9% vs 3.2%; P = .2). Major amputation (3.3% vs 1.6%; P = .002), return to operating room (16.1% vs 11.5%; P P P Conclusions This is the first study to compare patient characteristics and outcome reported in the VQI and NSQIP-PT registries. These data documented statistically significant differences in demographics and comorbidities as well as in outcomes between databases. Physicians, payers, and the public should consider differences between these databases when reporting on outcomes and quality. Results from these two registries should not be directly compared.
Computational Modeling of Fed-Batch Cell Culture Bioreactor: Hybrid Agent-Based Approach

Abstract A hybrid simulation framework was proposed to predict the dynamics in cell culture bioreactors. The model is based on a multi-agent approach where CHO cells are considered as individuals (agents) following a rule base governing their behavior, while a flux balance model is embedded in agents to predict quantitative changes in nutrient and metabolite concentrations. The model takes the measured dissolved oxygen, and sodium data as input along with initial cell culture conditions and predicts the dynamics of viable cell density, viability, concentrations of glucose and lactate. The model showed good agreement with the experimental findings from our laboratory for two sets of cell culture experiments.
An Efficient Directed Claisen Reaction Allows for Rapid Construction of 5,6-Disubstituted 1,3-Dioxin-4-ones

An efficient directed Claisen reaction between tert-butyl propionate and phenyl propionate is described. This enables a practical synthesis of 6-ethyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one and thereby (Z)-[(4-ethylidene-2,2,5-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-6-yl)oxy]trimethylsilane, a key building block in our synthesis of macrolide antibiotics. The three-step route elaborated for the preparation of the latter substance requires no chromatography and is amenable to large-scale synthesis.
To the Editor: Acid-base disturbances.

Readers comment on caring for international patients (November 2016) and on acid-base disorders (January 2017).
Nonprecious Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems

A comprehensive review of recent advances in the field of oxygen reduction electrocatalysis utilizing nonprecious metal (NPM) catalysts is presented. Progress in the synthesis and characterization of pyrolyzed catalysts, based primarily on the transition metals Fe and Co with sources of N and C, is summarized. Several synthetic strategies to improve the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highlighted. Recent work to explain the active-site structures and the ORR mechanism on pyrolyzed NPM catalysts is discussed. Additionally, the recent application of Cu-based catalysts for the ORR is reviewed. Suggestions and direction for future research to develop and understand NPM catalysts with enhanced ORR activity are provided.
Drivers of solar radiation variability in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Annually averaged solar radiation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica has varied by over 20 W m−2 during the past three decades; however, the drivers of this variability are unknown. Because small differences in radiation are important to water availability and ecosystem functioning in polar deserts, determining the causes are important to predictions of future desert processes. We examine the potential drivers of solar variability and systematically eliminate all but stratospheric sulfur dioxide. We argue that increases in stratospheric sulfur dioxide increase stratospheric aerosol optical depth and decrease solar intensity. Because of the polar location of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (77–78°S) and relatively long solar ray path through the stratosphere, terrestrial solar intensity is sensitive to small differences in stratospheric transmissivity. Important sources of sulfur dioxide include natural (wildfires and volcanic eruptions) and anthropogenic emission.