cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modeling of aerobic growth of Shewanella oneidensis. Predicting triauxic growth, flux distributions, and energy requirement for growth.

Abstract A model-based analysis is conducted to investigate metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 strain in aerobic batch culture, which exhibits an intriguing growth pattern by sequentially consuming substrate (i.e., lactate) and by-products (i.e., pyruvate and acetate). A general protocol is presented for developing a detailed network-based dynamic model for S. oneidensis based on the Lumped Hybrid Cybernetic Model (L-HCM) framework. The L-HCM, although developed from only limited data, is shown to accurately reproduce exacting dynamic metabolic shifts, and provide reasonable estimates of energy requirement for growth. Flux distributions in S. oneidensis predicted by the L-HCM compare very favorably with 13C-metabolic flux analysis results reported in the literature. Predictive accuracy is enhanced by incorporating measurements of only a few intracellular fluxes, in addition to extracellular metabolites. The L-HCM developed here for S. oneidensis is consequently a promising tool for the analysis of intracellular flux distribution and metabolic engineering.
The effects of modifiers on enzyme catalysis: A non-classical nearest neighbor approach

Abstract We present a nearest neighbor lattice model of the effects of modifiers on two-state enzyme catalysis of the reaction s ⇌ p-We do not in general make the assumptions of the classical approach to cooperative catalysis that yield (1) adsorption isotherms of the same form as those for the corresponding equilibrium system and (2) a rate of the catalyzed reaction proportional to the number of occupied catalytic sites. Closed form results are obtained for two approximations, the Bragg-Williams and the quasi-chemical. The latter requires (l),but is exact for several simple cases, including the concerted model, under this condition. Under (1) it is found that an interaction between modifier and catalytic sites, whether attractive or repulsive, increases the magnitudes of the slopes of the adsorption isotherms but that interactions between identical sites (catalytic or modifier) increase these magnitudes if attractive and decrease them if repulsive. Thus, the former interaction allows for phase transitions if sufficiently attractive or repulsive, but the latter only if sufficiently attractive. Herein also lies the explanation for why the concerted model displays only “positive cooperativity”. It is further seen that it is not possible to classify a modifier as an activator or inhibitor of the catalyzed reaction solely on the basis of the sign of the interaction energy between catalytic and modifier sites. For agiven energy, the rate of the reaction may increase or decrease in response to the modifier, or it may respond biphasically. Similarly, the rate may respond biphasically to the activities of s or p, lead- ing to instabilities. Thus, possibilities of multiple nonequilibrium stationary states or spatio-temporal patterns are raised-
Effects of molecule stabilization energies on radical reactions: G3 and G3(MP2) model chemistries applied to benzylic systems.

We have carried out G3 and G3(MP2) calculations of the molecule stabilization energies (MSEs) brought about by 11 common substituent groups in the meta and para positions of benzyl fluoride. We find that MSE is a function of the tendency of the substituent to donate or to withdraw electrons, such that a classic Hammett plot can be drawn. We propose that, in general, the direction of the benzylic Z−X dipole of YC6H4ZX is the major factor controlling the sign of the slope of Hammett plots of benzylic atom abstractions by radicals. When the Z−X dipole is pointed away from the substituted ring, electron withdrawing substituents destabilize the molecule, contributing to a decrease of the Z−X bond dissociation energy, and electron donating substituents stabilize it. The reverse is true when the dipole is reversed. This proposal is supported by 13C NMR results and by a survey of relevant benzylic and quasi-benzylic hydrogen or halogen atom abstractions studied experimentally. Calculations at the G3 level of theo...
The coronary vasculature and its reconstruction

Recently, we have developed several new innovations in the morphometry of vascular trees. These innovations have been used to study the anatomy of the coronary circulation in the pig and have yielded a complete set of morphometric data on the entire coronary vasculature. Since, the innovations are applicable to any organ that has a tree-like vasculature, their utility in describing the quantitative anatomy of intraorgan vasculature is evident. These advancements in morphometry along with the automation of vascular tree reconstruction, data analysis, and hemodynamic applications should make the data base on intraorgan vasculature more abundant and more useful. The morphometric data will contribute to the Circulatory Network Physiome that will serve as an anatomical basis for the Physiome Project. This article covers several topics: (1) intraorgan vascular trees in terms of their anatomy, mechanical properties, physiological behavior, and adaptation, (2) reconstruction of the coronary vasculature, and (3) some of the shortcomings of the present morphometric data base and some proposed remedies. Finally, a discussion of the constitution of the circulatory network physiome in terms of the available morphometric data on intraorgan vasculature will be presented.
Effects of Aerosol-Vapor JP-8 Jet Fuel on the Functional Observational Battery, and Learning and Memory in the Rat

To determine whether JP-8 jet fuel affects parameters of the Functional Observational Battery (FOB), visual discrimination, or spatial learning and memory, the authors exposed groups of male Fischer Brown Norway hybrid rats for 28 d to aerosol/vapor-delivered JP-8, or to JP-8 followed by 15 min of aerosolized substance P analogue, or to sham-confined fresh room air. Behavioral testing was accomplished with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Functional Observational Battery. The authors used the Morris swim task to test visual and spatial learning and memory testing. The spatial test included examination of memory for the original target location following 15 d of JP-8 exposure, as well as a 3-d new target location learning paradigm implemented the day that followed the final day of exposure. Only JP-8 exposed animals had significant weight loss by the 2nd week of exposure compared with JP-8 with substance P and control rats; this finding compares with those of prior studies of JP-8 jet fuel. Rats exposed to JP-8 with or without substance P exhibited significantly greater rearing and less grooming behavior over time than did controls during Functional Observational Battery open-field testing. Exposed rats also swam significantly faster than controls during the new target location training and testing, thus supporting the increased activity noted during Functional Observational Battery testing. There were no significant differences between the exposed and control groups' performances during acquisition, retention, or learning of the new platform location in either the visual discrimination or spatial version of the Morris swim task. The data suggest that although visual discrimination and spatial learning and memory were not disrupted by JP-8 exposure, arousal indices and activity measures were distinctly different in these animals.
CT in the evaluation of pleural versus pulmonary disease in children

Post pneumonic empyema in children is the result of infection by Staphylococcus aureus in approximately 80% of cases. Approximately 93% of children with empyema respond well to treatment with appropriate antibiotics and drainage of the pleural space. We present seven children in whom such therapy failed to produce an adequate response. Computed tomography alone clearly excluded persistent pneumonia as a cause of symptoms while in all seven patients revealing an unexpectedly extensive empyema rind. This information, coupled with the lack of clinical improvement and the specific organism isolated, led to a change in clinical management. These children were infected by organisms other than Staphylococcus aureus and required surgical decortication of the fibrinous pleural rind to alleviate persistent symptoms.
Effect of feeding wet distillers grains on performance, marbling deposition, and fatty acid content of beef from steers fed low- or high-forage diets.

One hundred thirty-eight Angus cross yearling steers (initial BW 390 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted by BW to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of 6 treatments (4 pens per treatment) to determine the effect of wet distillers grains (WDG) concentration (0, 20, 40% of dietary DM) in low-forage (12% hay) and high-forage (50% hay) diets on growth performance and marbling. Steers were implanted on d 0 with Component TE-S (VetLife, Overland Park, KS) and were slaughtered in 3 groups when final BW averaged 578 kg. Steers fed a low-forage diet gained BW faster (P < 0.001) than did steers fed a high-forage diet; the amount of WDG fed did not affect (P = 0.25) daily BW gain. Hot car- cass weight and dressing percentage were greater (P < 0.001) for steers fed low-forage diets than for steers fed high-forage diets. Dressing percentage increased (P = 0.08) as WDG concentration increased. Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.08) and yield grade (P < 0.01) were greater for steers fed low-forage diets compared with steers fed high-forage diets. Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.02) and yield grade (P = 0.03) increased as WDG concentration increased. An interaction occurred for marbling (P < 0.01), fat thickness (P = 0.08), and PUFA content (P < 0.01). In steers fed low-forage di- ets, marbling score (325, 306, 265) and fat thickness (1.22, 1.07, 1.07 cm) decreased with WDG inclusion rates of 0, 20, and 40%, respectively, but in steers fed high-forage diets, marbling score (249, 282, 262) and fat thickness (0.89, 0.97, 0.81 cm) increased from the 0 to 20% inclusion rate and then decreased from the 20 to 40% inclusion rate. The inclusion of 0, 20, or 40% WDG increased PUFA content of beef from steers fed low-forage diets (6.9, 9.3, 10.6 g/100 g) but decreased PUFA content of beef from the 0 to 20% inclusion rate and then increased PUFA content of beef from the 20 to 40% inclusion rate in steers fed high-forage diets (8.5, 5.9, 7.8 g/100 g). In conclusion, when fed to a common BW end point, concentration of WDG in feedlot diets alters lean and adipose tissue deposition in beef cattle.
Selective inhibitors and tailored activity probes for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 or PLA2G7) binds to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, where it is thought to hydrolyze oxidatively truncated phospholipids. Lp-PLA2 has also been implicated as a pro-tumorigenic enzyme in human prostate cancer. Several inhibitors of Lp-PLA2 have been described, including darapladib, which is currently in phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The selectivity that darapladib and other Lp-PLA2 inhibitors display across the larger serine hydrolase family has not, however, been reported. Here, we describe the use of both general and tailored activity-based probes for profiling Lp-PLA2 and inhibitors of this enzyme in native biological systems. We show that both darapladib and a novel class of structurally distinct carbamate inhibitors inactivate Lp-PLA2 in mouse tissues and human cell lines with high selectivity. Our findings thus identify both inhibitors and chemoproteomic probes that are suitable for investigating Lp-PLA2 function in biological systems.
Outcome after the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: a contemporary single-institution series and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (Type I Spinal AVMs) are the most common tpe of spinal vascular malformations. The optimal treatment strategy has yet to be defined, and endovascular embolization is being offered with increasing frequency. A 7-year single-institution retrospective review of outcome with surgical management of Type i spinal AVMs is presented along with a meta-analysis of existing literature. METHODS: For the institutional analysis, a retrospective review of all patients who underwent treatment at our institution for Type I spinal AVMs was performed. Between 1995 and the present (the time frame during which endovascular treatments were available), 19 consecutive patients were treated. Follow-up was performed by clinical examination or telephone interview, and functional status was measured by use of the Aminoff-Logue score, For the meta-analysis, a MEDLINE search between 1966 and the present was performed for surgical, endovascular, or combined treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. These series were included in a meta-analysis to evaluate success and failure rates, complications, and functional outcome. Specifically, embolization and microsurgery were conpared. RESULTS: For the institutional analysis, 18 of 19 patients were available for long-term follow-up after surgery. There were no surgical failures, but one complication was seen. Patients demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in gait and bladder function after surgery. For the meta-analysis, 98% of those patients treated with microsurgery had their dural arteriovenous tistulae successfully obliterated after the initial treatment, compared with only 46% with embolization, as judged by radiographic or clinical follow-up. 89% percent of patients demonstrated improvement or stabilization in neurological symptoms after surgical treatment. Few complications were demonstrated with either surgery or embolization. CONCLUSION: At this point, surgery seems to be superior to embolization for the management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. The fistula is usually obliterated after the initial treatment, with few clinical or radiographic recurrences. The majority of patients either improve or stabilize after treatment. Few worsen, and the morbidity is minimal. It is reasonable to attempt initial embolization, especially at the time of the initial diagnostic spinal angiogram. The treating physicians and patients should be aware of the high chance of recurrence, and patients may ultimately require surgery or repeat embolization. After endovascular therapy, patients are committed to repeat angiography and probably embolization. For these reasons, it is the authors' opinion that surgery should be used as the first-line therapy for spinal dural arteriovenous listulae.
Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: Scale development and validation.

This study describes the development and validity testing of a field measure of transactive memory systems. Transactive memory systems are especially important for teams designed to leverage members' expertise, but field research has lagged because there are no adequate measures of the construct. The author developed and tested a 15-item scale in a laboratory sample of 124 teams, a field sample of 64 Master of Business Administration consulting teams, and a field sample of 27 teams from technology companies. Results from the present study demonstrate that the scale is internally consistent, related to alternative measures and hypothesized causes and effects, and unrelated to theoretically distinct constructs, providing evidence of convergent, criterion-related, and discriminant validity. Suggestions for improving the scale, future validity testing, and possible boundary conditions are discussed.
The kinetic and thermodynamic aftermath of horizontal gene transfer governs evolutionary recovery

Shared host cells can serve as melting pots for viral genomes, giving many phylogenies a web-like appearance due to horizontal gene transfer. However, not all virus families exhibit web-like phylogenies. Microviruses form three distinct clades, represented by φX174, G4, and α3. Here, we investigate protein-based barriers to horizontal gene transfer between clades. We transferred gene G, which encodes a structural protein, between φX174 and G4, and monitored the evolutionary recovery of the resulting chimeras. In both cases, particle assembly was the major barrier after gene transfer. The G4φXG chimera displayed a temperature-sensitive assembly defect that could easily be corrected through single mutations that promote productive assembly. Gene transfer in the other direction was more problematic. The initial φXG4G chimera required an exogenous supply of both the φX174 major spike G and DNA pilot H proteins. Elevated DNA pilot protein levels may be required to compensate for off-pathway reactions that may have become thermodynamically and/or kinetically favored when the foreign spike protein was present. After three targeted genetic selections, the foreign spike protein was productively integrated into the φX174 background. The first adaption involved a global decrease in gene expression. This was followed by modifications affecting key protein-protein interactions that govern assembly. Finally, gene expression was re-elevated. Although the first selection suppresses nonproductive reactions, subsequent selections promote productive assembly and ultimately viability. However, viable chimeric strains exhibited reduced fitness compared with wild-type. This chimera's path to recovery may partially explain how unusual recombinant viruses could persist long enough to naturally emerge.
Orientation-sensitive image processing with M-lattice-a novel non-linear dynamical system

Researchers in image processing have long recognized the importance of modeling the human observer. Although a full human vision model remains elusive, orientation detection, one of the key components of human vision, can be directly incorporated into a variety of image processing algorithms. Orientation detection also provides cues that allow an algorithm to adapt to inhomogeneities in images. The authors show how the M-lattice system, a new non-linear dynamical system, can easily incorporate orientation sensitivity for two different types of problems. First, simultaneous adaptive filtering and non-linear restoration is illustrated for fingerprint enhancement. Second, constrained non-linear optimization is illustrated for halftoning in a "hand-drawn" style. >
John F. Kennedy and Latin America: The “Thorough, Accurate, and Reliable Record” (Almost)

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, vol. 10, Cuba, 1961-1962 U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, vol. 12, American Republics, 1961-1963
Plasmid copy number and stability determination in Clostridium perfringens transformants.

The copy number of the streptococcal plasmid pAMβ1 (26.5 kb), and its deletion derivatives, pVA1 (11 kb) and pVA677 (7.6 kb) contained in Clostridium perfringens 3624A transformants was determined by incorporation of [methyl-3-H]thymidine (4 μCi/ml) into chromosomal and plasmid DNA and sizing of the C. perfringens genome using transverse alternating field electrophoresis. Plasmids pAMβ1, pVA1, and pVA677 were found to be present at 1.0, 97, and 216 copies/cell, respectively, 10.2, 54, and 96% of the initial pAMβ1-, pVA1- and pVA677-containing transformants, respectively, remained resistant to erythromycin over 220 generations of growth. The results indicate a size-dependent relationship between plasmid stability and plasmid copy number in C. perfringens.
Toxicokinetics of sediment-sorbed benzo[a]pyrene and hexachlorobiphenyl using the freshwater invertebrates Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans, and Lumbriculus variegatus

This study investigated the effect of long-term sediment aging on the toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) using three freshwater benthic invertebrates. Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans, and Lumbriculus variegatus were exposed to BaP- and HCBP-spiked sediments that were aged for 7 d or 1.5 years. The toxicokinetics of the two compounds were determined for each test organism using a two-compartment model. The modeling of BaP was more complex because biotransformation was included within the model. The results of this study showed that the HCBP uptake clearance rates (ks) for each species were generally an order of magnitude greater than those determined for BaP and this difference was most likely due to preferential and rapid binding of BaP to sediment particles. Overall, the bioavailability of HCBP in spiked sediments tended to decrease with duration of aging, based on ks values and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs). However, the decreases in bioavailability appear to be species specific. Benzo[a]pyrene did not decline in bioavailability for the species tested because it may resist movement into the micropores of the sediment due to its large size. In addition to the bioassays, this article outlines a method for toxicokinetic modeling of biotransformed compounds and methods for statistical comparisons of kinetic parameters (i.e., ks, kd …) and BAF values.
Some studies of the substitution chemistry of [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]2 with monodentate and bidentate tertiary phosphines

The reactions between [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]2 and each of the tertiary phosphines PMe3, PCy3 (Cy = cyclohexyl), Me2PCH2CH2PMe2 (dmpe), Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 (dppe), Me2PCH2PMe2 (dmpm) and Ph2PCH2PPh2 (dppm) have been studied by 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy in CD3CN. The chelating phosphines dppe and dppm catalyze the exchange of coordinated CH3CN for solvent CD3CN exchange prior to any other observable substitution chemistry. The monodentate phosphines initially form kinetically labile biaxially ligated complexes, [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)4(PR3)2][BF4]2 prior to substitution of the equatorial CH3CN by PR3. Over time, the biaxial complex rearranges to form the monoaxial, monoequatorial complex, involving displacement of a single equatorial CH3CN ligand. For PCy3 the complex [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)3(PCy3)2][BF4]2 has been characterized by 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. With time, a further reaction occurs leading to the cleavage of the Rh–Rh bond and the monomeric complex [Rh(CH3CN)2(PCy3)2][BF4] has been identified. Crystal data at +25 °C: space group P21nm, a = 9.879(1) A, b = 13.275(1) A, c = 16.705(1) A and Z = 4. A similar reaction sequence is observed with PMe3 but more isomers of formula [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)3(PMe3)2][BF4]2 are observed by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Reactions involving dppe lead to axial and equatorial Rh–P bonded complexes. Based on 31P{1H} NMR data, the bisequatorial complex formulated as [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)2(dppe)][BF4]2 is formed. The formation of the latter, which has been followed from 35 to 80 °C, is evidently reversible since all attempts to crystallize the complex yielded only the acetonitrile salt [Rh2(OAc)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]2 and free dppe. With dppm, only axial ligation is observed while for dmpm and dmpe the substitutional behavior is more complex and has not been evaluated in detail. The activation parameters for the conversion of the biaxial [Rh2(OAc)2(S)4(L)2][BF4]2 to the monoaxial, monoequatorial [Rh2(OAc)2(S)3(L)2][BF4]2 complex (S = CH3CN and L = phosphine) have been determined. For L = PMe3, ΔH‡ = 16(1) kcal mol−1 and ΔS‡ = −9(3) cal K−1 mol−1 and for L = PCy3, ΔH‡ = 21(1) kcal mol−1 and ΔS‡ = +2(3) cal K−1 mol−1. For dppe, the 1∶1 adduct shows only one type of 31P signal for the initial axial complex indicative of rapid exchange of free and bound PPh2 groups. The rearrangement to the equatorial–axial isomer [Rh2(OAc)2(S)3(dppe)][BF4]2 occurs with ΔH‡ = 26(1) kcal mol−1 and ΔS‡ = +12(1) cal K−1 mol−1. Collectively these data show that substitution at the Rh24+-center proceeds via an initial reversible associative process followed by an interchange of labile axial for inert equatorial sites. These results are compared with earlier studies of the substitution of M24+-containing complexes, where M = Mo, Ru and Rh.
Glacial dispersal rejuvenation on the Allegheny Plateau, north-central Ohio, based on till carbonate patterns

ABSTRACT Carbonate contents of tills deposited by ice of the Scioto Lobe decrease in the direction of ice flow from the carbonate rocks of the Central Lowlands across the clastic rocks of the Allegheny Escarpment and then increase over clastic bedrock on the Allegheny Plateau. Thus, the distribution of carbonate in till units does not fit glacial dispersal models in recent literature. Regression analysis of fine carbonate (< 0.074 mm) content with distance down-ice along traverses from the carbonate-clastic contact to the Allegheny Plateau are not statistically significant because of the high carbonate contents of till units on the plateau. However, data from the contact to the escarpment do yield significant regression coefficients. One hypothesis to account for the increased carbonate con ent on the plateau is that entrainment of local shale quickly decreased carbonate concentrations. Because of its low durability relative to carbonate, shale was rapidly comminuted and caused a relative increase in fine carbonate on the plateau. An alternative hypothesis suggests that as soft shales were eroded, the debris content of the basal ice increased, causing the basal ice to stagnate along the escarpment. More active ice from the englacial zone, containing carbonate debris upsheared from the basal zone, may have overridden the stagnant basal ice and may have grounded as basal ice on the plateau. Subsequently, dilution of englacially transported carbonate began in the newly formed basal zone as the glacier moved over the plateau and glacial dispersal continued.
Transient Psychosis in an Immune-Competent Patient After Oral Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Administration

We describe a rare adverse reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; Septra, Bactrim) in an immune-competent female adolescent. She was prescribed TMP-SMX for a urinary tract infection, which she had developed while being treated in the hospital for an extensive leg cellulitis. Shortly after receiving her third dose of TMP-SMX, she developed an acute altered mental status with agitation as well as vivid visual and auditory hallucinations. After prompt discontinuation of TMP-SMX, the patient slowly began to improve and was able to return to her baseline mental status within 10 days. No residual mental status changes were present. Despite the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, TMP-SMX, one of the first-generation broad-spectrum antibiotics, continues to be widely prescribed, in part because of its low cost and its easy availability. It is generally well tolerated and is associated with relatively few adverse effects. More common toxicities associated with TMP-SMX include hypersensitivity reactions, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal side effects. Central nervous system toxicity is very rare; when reported, it has been in an immune-compromised or an elderly patient.
A new classification system for shoulder instability

Glenohumeral joint instability is extremely common yet the definition and classification of instability remains unclear. In order to find the best ways to treat instability, the condition must be clearly defined and classified. This is particularly important so that treatment studies can be compared or combined, which can only be done if the patient population under study is the same. The purpose of this paper was to review the problems with historical methods of defining and classifying instability and to introduce the FEDS system of classifying instability, which was developed to have content validity and found to have high interobserver and intraobserver agreement.
THE INTEGRAL EQUATION REPRESENTATION OF REACTIONS IN COMPARTMENT SYSTEMS

The application of integral equations and the relationship of the metabolizing and rate functions to parameters normally encountered in the differential equation description of the same system are discussed. It was thought that if a tracer experiment could disclose the metabolizing function for a system, then the complete equation for the normal substance could be solved for the rate function. The behavior of the system could be characterized, then, by these two functions, and changes due to shock, drug action, and the like would be reflected in altered forms of the two functions. (P.C.H.)
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNX IN YOUNG ADULTS

Studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx in young adults differ as to whether younger patients resemble the general population of head and neck cancer patients. A retrospective study was performed on 23 patients (40 years old or younger) with oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma at New York University Medical Center between 1961 and 1984. Patients with oropharyngeal cancer resembled the general population of head and neck cancer patients. In contrast, oral cavity carcinoma occurred more frequently in women under the age of 35 and lacked the usual etiologic factors of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Survival correlated best with the TNM stage of disease at initial presentation. Patients with Stage I and II lesions had an excellent response to surgical treatment alone and a high 5-year survival rate. Patients with advanced Stage III and IV disease had a poor survival rate with single modality treatment. We recommend surgery and radiotherapy in patients with advanced disease.
Diagnosis and Management of Peritonitis

Peritonitis is a clinical syndrome rather than a definitive diagnosis and, as such, the underlying cause must be identified. Many potential causes exist, and peritonitis may be classified as primary or secondary, local or diffuse, acute or chronic, or according to the causative agent. Peritonitis is one of the most common initiators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome faced by the small animal practitioner. Because systemic inflammatory response syndrome is such a devastating disease process, aggressive stabilization, rapid definitive diagnosis, and prompt surgical and medical treatment are vital for optimizing outcome.
Novel modification of partial nephrectomy technique using porcine small intestine submucosa.

Abstract Introduction To describe a novel partial nephrectomy technique that uses small intestine submucosa (SIS) to ensure a watertight closure of the collecting system and minimize parenchymal bleeding. The indications for nephron-sparing surgery have increased in recent years. The most prevalent complications after partial nephrectomy include urinary leakage/fistula and parenchymal bleeding. Porcine SIS has been used in animal models to reconstruct portions of the urinary tract successfully. Technical considerations Twenty-two consecutive patients underwent 24 partial nephrectomies that required entry into the collecting system for presumed renal cell carcinoma. After temporary occlusion of the renal vessels and renal hypothermia, the tumor and a margin of normal parenchyma were excised. The cut surface was cauterized with an argon beam coagulator, and visible vessels were suture ligated. The collecting system was reapproximated with interrupted, absorbable sutures. A multilayer piece of hydrated SIS was sutured in place over the exposed collecting system and parenchymal defect with several figure-of-eight chromic sutures. With a mean follow-up of 18.4 months, none of the 22 patients experienced postoperative urinary leaks/fistulas or postoperative hemorrhage requiring transfusion. The serum creatinine returned to within 0.2 mg/dL of baseline in all patients after surgery. Conclusions We describe a novel technique of partial nephrectomy using SIS, which, we believe, aids in closure of the collecting system and decreases parenchymal bleeding.
Carbon and aluminium co-implantation for p-type doping in 6H-SiC

N-type 6H-SiC wafers have been implanted with C and Al, or Al only, at room temperature or 600°C for a comparative study with the emphasis on determining the dependence of the sheet resistivity and specific contact resistance of Al ohmic contacts on the concentration of implanted Al. The optimum implantation concentration is reported for the first time, along with clear evidence showing the advantage of C-Al co-implantation over Al single implantation.
Trade Dimensions of Logistics Services: A Proposal for Trade Agreements

Services have a direct impact on the competitiveness of the goods sector. This paper illustrates the importance of logistics services, their trade dimension, and how regulatory issues act as perhaps one of the most significant barriers to competitiveness. The paper discusses recent developments and the role and benefits of logistics services and argues that from a trade agreement standpoint, logistics is a network industry that ultimately provides one service to a final client. It analyzes logistics services from a services trade perspective and proposes that trade agreements should ensure access to and use of the infrastructure required to provide these services recognizing their interconnectedness. The paper offers suggestions on additional policies World Trade Organization members, and countries negotiating services agreements regionally or bilaterally, could follow in order to fully exploit the opportunities provided by logistics services. Local regulations and complementary policies in areas such as trade facilitation will always remain important.
Channel Prediction with Cascade AR Modeling

Cascade autoregressive (AR) model with three parameters for any channel prediction order p is investigated. Although higher order AR model is better to get more precise future channel prediction profile, as the order of channel prediction goes higher, the number of channel prediction parameters we have to know is increased. Besides that, the pole locations may be extremely sensitive function of the coefficients for high order filter. If we use the cascade form of lower order filters which is already used as one of fading generation methods, we can get more stable AR model for higher order channel prediction. Moreover, due to a Doppler spectrum characteristic which has only two peaks at the positive and negative maximum Doppler frequency, we just have to know the second and the first order filter to make cascade AR model of higher order, that is, we can make higher AR model to predict future channel with only three parameters.
High Voltage (up to 20V) Devices Implementation in 0.13 um BiCMOS Process Technology for System-On-Chip (SOC) Design

This paper describes the integration of the 20V complementary drain-extended MOS (DECMOS) and fully isolated drain-extended NMOS (DENMOS) transistors into a high-volume 0.13mum CMOS technology with two additional masks. The 20V devices were optimized for Rsp-BVdss performance without compromising the advanced 1.5V CMOS performance in the 0.35mum pitch copper, low-K dielectric process flow. This cost-effective process is very competitive for the power management (PM) chip design of portable devices
Pattern selection in the Be´nard problem for a viscoelastic fluid

We discuss pattern selection in the Benard problem for a viscoelastic fluid. Double periodicity of the solutions with respect to a hexagonal lattice is assumed. Both steady and oscillatory onsets of instability are considered. For steady onset, we find that the rolls are the only bifurcating solution which can be stable.
The Therapeutic Encounter Within the Event of Forensic Psychotherapy: A Phenomenological Hermeneutic of the Givenness of the Other Within the Therapeutic Relationship

In this article, we draw upon the works of Jean-Luc Marion and Claude Romano to offer a phenomenological hermeneutic of clinical forensics. We introduce Marion’s description of givenness and the event, and apply these ideas to clinical forensics. First, we describe Romano’s conceptualization of the transformative effect of the event, relative to the “openness” of the participants to this encounter. Second, we contextualize different possibilities of therapy relative to the openness and closedness of the therapist and patient.
Clay mineralogy of weathering rinds and possible implications concerning the sources of clay minerals in soils

Weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in Quaternary deposits in the western United States contain only very fine grained and poorly crystalline clay minerals. Rinds were sampled from soils containing well-developed argillic B horizons in deposits about 105 yr old or more. The clay-size fraction of the rinds is dominated by allophane and iron hydroxy-oxides, whereas the B horizons contain abundant, well-crystallized clay minerals. The contrast between the clay mineralogy of the weathering rinds, in which weathering is isolated from other soil processes, and that of the associated soil matrices suggests a need to reassess assumptions concerning the rates at which clay minerals form and the sources of clay minerals in argillic B horizons. This study suggests that crystalline clay minerals form more slowly in weathering rinds than is generally assumed for soil environments and that the weathering of primary minerals may not be the dominant source of crystalline clay minerals in middle to late Pleistocene soils.
Imaging of Penetrating Urologic Trauma

Penetrating injury to the abdomen causes ureteral injury in approximately 2 %, kidney injury in up to 8 %, and injury to the bladder in up to 20 %. It is important to keep in mind that microscopic or gross hematuria is unreliable as a diagnostic tool for any urological injury, with a maximal overall sensitivity of 75 %. Hematuria may be even absent in cases of complete transection of one ureter. In addition, significant penetrating injuries to the major collecting system may present without hematuria, because urine from the injured kidney exits into the retroperitoneum, preventing ureteral conduction.
Mechanisms of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Regulation with Age

The incidence of cardiovascular disease increases in the elderly. In particular, the elderly do not regulate blood pressure as well as young people.1 Plasma catecholamines (CAs) and CA biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla increase with age and may be contributing to the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly1. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. TH gene expression and TH activity are elevated in the adrenal medulla of senescent rats. An elevated sympathoadrenal activity with age might play an important role in the pathogenesis of genetically determined blood pressure elevation2. The sustained elevation of catecholaminergic activity most likely requires increases in TH gene expression to maintain the augmented CAs. The failure of homeostatic regulation may be contributing to this autonomic dysfunction in the elderly. Autonomic dysfunction not only contributes to medical problems in the elderly, but strongly affects the quality of life in relatively healthy individuals.
An Essay on the Beginnings of Disability Culture and Its Study

The formal study of disability culture began around 1985. Steven Brown, the editor of this Forum, was the pioneer. Of the many indicators of the existence of a culture the first article in the field emphasized artifacts and language. Out of sometimes heated discussions of disability culture emerged disability pride. The concept of disability culture is a vital and important one today for the disability movement.
“At Their Peril”: Utah Law and the Case of Plural Wives, 1850–1900

Various studies have examined the politics, the sociology, the economics, and the evolution of the relationship between the Mormon church and the federal government attendant to the Mormon practice of polygamy during Utah's territorial history. A relevant but lesser known aspect of the subject is the impact of Utah's domestic relations laws on plural wives, as these laws were shaped by polygamy and the federal efforts to abolish it. While all polygamists were at legal risk, plural wives were vulnerable not only to criminal prosecution but also to permanent legal discrimination, because of their unorthodox marital choice. Joseph Smith, Mormon church founder, introduced the practice of plural marriage in 1843 as a restored biblical principle in Mormon theology.1 It was practiced privately until 1852, three years after the church settled in isolated Utah. Then it was publicly announced as a tenet of Mormon doctrine. While personal disputes arising from and within the practice were theoretically governed exclusively by ecclesiastical authority, the Mormondominated legislature sought to bring those issues under legal protection as well. Though never inserting the word "polygamy" into any statute, the Utah legislature framed laws that favored the practice without seeming unduly incongruent with the law in other states and territories, thus avoiding special scrutiny by the U.S. Congress. Initial efforts to legally safeguard the practice were generally successful for several reasons. When Utah obtained territorial status in the Com-
Cardiomyopathy With Restrictive Physiology in Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to identify a unifying cardiac pathophysiology that explains the cardiac pathological features in sickle cell disease (SCD). Background Cardiopulmonary complications, the leading cause of adult death in SCD, are associated with heart chamber dilation, diastolic dysfunction, elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV), and pulmonary hypertension. However, no unifying cardiac pathophysiology has been identified to explain these findings. Methods In a 2-part study, we first examined patients with SCD who underwent screening echocardiography during steady state at our institution. We then conducted a meta-analysis of cardiac studies in SCD. Results In the 134 patients with SCD studied (median age 11 years), significant enlargement of the left atrial volume was present (z-score 3.1, p = 0.002), shortening fraction was normal (37.6 ± 4.7%), and lateral and septal ratios of mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e′) were severely abnormal in 8% and 14% of patients, respectively, indicating impaired diastolic function. Both TRV and lateral E/e′ correlated with enlarged left atrial volume in SCD (p = 0.003 and p = 0.006, respectively). Meta-analysis of 68 studies confirmed significant left atrial diameter enlargement in patients with SCD compared with controls, evidence of diastolic dysfunction and enlarged left ventricular end-diastolic dimension with normal shortening fraction. The majority of patients with catheter-confirmed pulmonary hypertension had mild pulmonary venous hypertension consistent with restrictive cardiac physiology. Conclusions Patients with SCD have a unique form of cardiomyopathy with restrictive physiology that is superimposed on hyperdynamic physiology and is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, left atrial dilation, and normal systolic function. This combination results in mild, secondary, pulmonary venous hypertension and elevated TRV. Sudden death is common in other forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Our finding of this unique restrictive cardiomyopathy may explain the increased mortality rates and sudden death seen in patients with SCD with mildly elevated TRV.
The role of social media during the pre-purchasing stage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether social media may impact a customer’s purchasing decision during the pre-purchase stage of service consumption. Design/methodology/approach – This study implemented a primary field survey design and developed an online self-administered questionnaire. A total of 285 usable questionnaires were collected. Factor analysis was performed to condense the large set of independent variables, and multiple regression analysis was performed to test the study hypotheses. Findings – The results indicate that the benefits of social media do have a positive relation with customers purchase decision, but not all items are crucial to a similar extent. Functional (convenience, efficiency, information, sharing experiences) and monetary (free coupons, price discounts, special deals) benefits from social media were found to have a positive impact on customers’ purchase decision (H1, H2), while socio-psychological benefits were found to have no relationship with customer...
FORMATIONKEEPING STRATEGIES FOR GEO HALO COLLOCATION

This paper presents two formationkeeping strategies for controlling a halo sub-orbit for GEO collocation applications. One strategy is to maintain the desired halo sub-orbit with periodical two-burn bi-elliptical in-plane transfers and single burn for plane change. The second strategy is to keep the halo formation with low-thrust burns three times per orbit using an auto feedback controller method. The first strategy is designed for near-term applications for formationkeeping 3 to 6 communication satellites in GEO collocation based on conventional ground tracking and control. The second strategy is designed for a larger constellation with tighter tolerance using onboard GPS navigation and autonomous control. Results of computer simulations of the two types of applications will be presented. In the first application, the long-term histories of the minimum separation distances among the 2 to 6 satellites will be discussed. In the second application, the formationkeeping of 100 giant solar energy collectors in a GEO halo sub-orbit will be presented. The second application is part of the NASA/MSFC Space Solar Power concept study. The challenges and limitations of the onboard navigation and control using GPS measurements will be discussed.
Self-Package Type Infrared Radiation Microsensor

Two Si Wafers were bonded using SiO2//Si3N4 direct bonding technology, where a bridge structure of a composite dielectric film (SiO2//Si3N4/SiO2) was formed in the bond area. In the center of this bridge structure, a single crystal Si was left in the shape of an island, on which a Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) with Cr silicide was fabricated and used as a detector part. On the other hand, another Si wafer was used as a cap wafer having anti-reflection coating to improve the light transmittivity in the wavelength range from 8 to 12μm up to more than 90%. This cap wafer and the above mentioned main wafer were bonded together using water glass bonding technology at 80°C to encapsulate the detector part in a vacuum. A bolometer type infrared radiation microsensor was thus made on an experiment basis. It has a self-package type structure to protect the detector part from mechanical damages and secure the operational environment. Its size and weight could be extremely reduced down to 2.0mm×2.0mm×0.8mm and 10mg, respectively. The response time is as fast as 4ms which is about 1/100 of that of a conventional bolometer. Other important electric characteristics of this element are as follows: NEP (noise equivalent power)=5.90×10-10W/Hz1/2, NETD200-205 (noise equivalent temperature difference)=0.02°C, R (sensitivity)=1.69×105V/W.
Detectability of Light Dark Matter with Superfluid Helium

We show that a two-excitation process in superfluid helium, combined with sensitivity to meV energy depositions, can probe dark matter down to the ∼keV warm dark matter mass limit. This mass reach is 3 orders of magnitude below what can be probed with ordinary nuclear recoils in helium at the same energy resolution. For dark matter lighter than ∼100 keV, the kinematics of the process requires the two athermal excitations to have nearly equal and opposite momentum, potentially providing a built-in coincidence mechanism for controlling backgrounds.