cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaction Allograft Bone-Grafting for Revision Total Elbow Arthroplasty. A Case Report*

A failed total elbow arthroplasty associated with extensive bone resorption as well as cortical expansion and thinning is a difficult reconstructive problem. Treatment methods such as elbow arthrodesis, interposition arthroplasty, and resection arthroplasty either result in a grossly unstable elbow or are technically difficult to perform5,14-16. When a failed elbow arthroplasty is associated with a limited area of bone loss, a standard long-stem semiconstrained implant can bypass the area of bone deficiency2,4,9,11,14,16. However, the bone deficiency may be so extensive that it is not possible to bypass the area of bone loss with a standard stem. If a standard-length implant is used in the presence of extensive bone loss, severe shortening of the extremity may result. Additionally, the proximal tip of the humeral implant would be placed in close proximity to the humeral head, which could, in the future, preclude the use of a shoulder prosthesis, if needed. Therefore, in instances of major bone loss, custom elbow implants, massive allografts, or implant-allograft composites may be necessary1-6,9,10,13,15,16,21. In the present report, I describe the use of a technique involving the impaction of cancellous bone graft to compensate for inadequate bone stock in a patient who had a failed total elbow arthroplasty associated with extensive bone loss. This method has been used to compensate for inadequate bone stock encountered in revision total hip and knee arthroplasties7,8,12,17-19. A fifty-two-year-old right-hand-dominant man was seen because of a two-month history of progressive pain and swelling about the left elbow seventeen years after a left total elbow arthroplasty. The pain and swelling …
Feature-Selection Risk

Companies have overlapping exposures to many different features that might plausibly affect their returns, like whether they’re involved in a crowded trade, whether they’re mentioned in an M&A rumor, or whether their supplier recently missed an earnings forecast. Yet, at any point in time, only a handful of these features actually matter. As a result, traders have to simultaneously infer both the identity and the value of the few relevant features. I show theoretically that, when traders face this sort of joint inference problem, the risk of selecting the wrong features can spill over and distort how they value assets — that is, the high-dimensional nature of modern financial markets can act like a cognitive constraint even if traders themselves are fully rational. Moreover, I show how modeling feature-selection risk leads to additional predictions that are outside the scope of noise-trader risk. For instance, to discover pricing errors as quickly as possible, a model with feature-selection risk suggests that traders should simultaneously trade a random assortment of complex, heterogeneous assets rather than Arrow securities. Empirically, I find that using an estimation strategy that explicitly accounts for traders’ joint inference problem increases out-of-sample return predictability at the monthly horizon by 144.3%, from R2 = 3.65% to R2 = 9.35%, suggesting that this feature-selection problem is important to real-world traders.
The Ethical and Legal Basis for Student Practice in Clinical Education in the United States and Japan: A Comparative Analysis

Clinical legal education is currently undergoing a surge of interest and development in Japan. This raises numerous opportunities as well as difficulties. One of the most vexing issues concerns the scope of work a clinic student in Japan can do. This issue is particularly difficult given that in Japan there are currently no "student practice rules" so common in the United States. The norms and rules governing what activities law students can perform in the United States might assist those interested in clinical education in Japan as they work through these issues. This article will attempt to do this. I will first offer a brief background of the history and current acceptance of clinical education in the United States and then survey American rules as a means of conceptualizing a framework for pursuing clinical education in Japan and defining the scope of work Japanese clinic students can perform.
EHDViz: clinical dashboard development using open-source technologies

Objective To design, develop and prototype clinical dashboards to integrate high-frequency health and wellness data streams using interactive and real-time data visualisation and analytics modalities. Materials and methods We developed a clinical dashboard development framework called electronic healthcare data visualization (EHDViz) toolkit for generating web-based, real-time clinical dashboards for visualising heterogeneous biomedical, healthcare and wellness data. The EHDViz is an extensible toolkit that uses R packages for data management, normalisation and producing high-quality visualisations over the web using R/Shiny web server architecture. We have developed use cases to illustrate utility of EHDViz in different scenarios of clinical and wellness setting as a visualisation aid for improving healthcare delivery. Results Using EHDViz, we prototyped clinical dashboards to demonstrate the contextual versatility of EHDViz toolkit. An outpatient cohort was used to visualise population health management tasks ( n =14 221), and an inpatient cohort was used to visualise real-time acuity risk in a clinical unit ( n =445), and a quantified-self example using wellness data from a fitness activity monitor worn by a single individual was also discussed ( n-of-1 ). The back-end system retrieves relevant data from data source, populates the main panel of the application and integrates user-defined data features in real-time and renders output using modern web browsers. The visualisation elements can be customised using health features, disease names, procedure names or medical codes to populate the visualisations. The source code of EHDViz and various prototypes developed using EHDViz are available in the public domain at http://ehdviz.dudleylab.org. Conclusions Collaborative data visualisations, wellness trend predictions, risk estimation, proactive acuity status monitoring and knowledge of complex disease indicators are essential components of implementing data-driven precision medicine. As an open-source visualisation framework capable of integrating health assessment, EHDViz aims to be a valuable toolkit for rapid design, development and implementation of scalable clinical data visualisation dashboards.
Conceptualizing Analyses of Ecological Momentary Assessment Data

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which involve collection of real-time data in subjects' real-world environments, are particularly well suited to studying tobacco use. Analyzing EMA datasets can be challenging, as the datasets include a large and varied number of observations per subject and are relatively unstructured. This paper suggests that time is typically a key organizing principle in EMA data and that conceptualizing the data as a timeline of events, behaviors, and experiences can help define analytic approaches. EMA datasets lend themselves to answering a diverse array of research questions, and the research question must drive how data are arranged for analysis, and the kinds of statistical models that are applied. This is illustrated this with brief examples of diverse analyses applied to answer different questions from an EMA study of tobacco use and relapse.
Stability characteristics of micro air vehicles from experimental measurements

A motion tracking system was used to experimentally determine the aerodynamic forces and moments of two micro UAVs. The airplanes have wingspans ranging from approximately 9 to 15 in and fly at Reynolds numbers below 25,000. The motion track provided a time history of the position and attitude and was used to derive the aerodynamic moments and analyze the stability derivatives of the airplanes. A reconfigurable hand-launched glider was used to show results for different wing configurations. In addition to the glider, a small commercially manufactured SU-26xp airplane was used. The longitudinal stability measurements from experimental data showed both airplanes to be more stable than predictions based on geometry. The SU-26xp airplane was used to study the effects of elevator deflection on trim flight conditions. In addition, the lateral stability terms for both airplane were measured. By understanding the stability and control over a range of flight conditions, a better understanding of the control of micro UAVs can be developed.
A Consistent Scenario for the IBEX Ribbon, Anisotropies in TeV Cosmic Rays, and the Local Interstellar Medium

Abstract. The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observes enhanced ~ keV energy Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) from a narrow "ribbon" that stretches across the sky and appears to be centered on the direction of the local interstellar magnetic field. The Milagro collaboration, the Asγ collaboration and the IceCube observatory have made global maps of TeV cosmic rays. This paper provides links between these disparate observations. We develop a simple diffusive model of the propagation of cosmic rays and the associated cosmic ray anisotropy due to cosmic ray streaming against the local interstellar flow. We show that the local plasma and field conditions sampled by IBEX provide characteristics that consistently explain TeV cosmic ray anisotropies. These results support models that place the interstellar magnetic field direction near the center of the IBEX ribbon.
Cavity Femtochemistry: Manipulating Nonadiabatic Dynamics at Avoided Crossings.

Molecular potential energy surfaces can be actively manipulated by light. This is usually done by strong classical laser light but was recently demonstrated for the quantum field in an optical cavity. The photonic vacuum state of a localized cavity mode can be strongly mixed with the molecular degrees of freedom to create hybrid field-matter states known as polaritons. We simulate the avoided crossing of sodium iodide in a cavity by incorporating the quantized cavity field into the nuclear wave packet dynamics calculation. The quantized field is represented on a numerical grid in quadrature space, thus avoiding the limitations set by the rotating wave approximation (RWA) when the field is expanded in Fock space. This approach allows the investigation of cavity couplings in the vicinity of naturally occurring avoided crossings and conical intersections, which is too expensive in the fock space expansion when the RWA does not apply. Numerical results show how the branching ratio between the covalent and ion...
Elucidating Xylose Metabolism of Scheffersomyces stipitis for Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production

The conversion of pentose to ethanol is one of the major barriers of industrializing the lignocellulosic ethanol processes. As one of the most promising native strains for pentose fermentation, Scheffersomyces stipitis (formerly known as Pichia stipitis) has been widely studied for its xylose fermentation. In spite of the abundant experimental evidence regarding ethanol and byproducts production under various aeration conditions, the mathematical descriptions of the processes are rare. In this work, a constraint-based metabolic network model for the central carbon metabolism of S. stipitis was reconstructed by integrating genomic (S. stipitis v2.0, KEGG), biochemical (ChEBI, PubChem), and physiological information available for this microorganism and other related yeast. The model consists of the stoichiometry of metabolic reactions, biosynthetic requirements for growth, and other constraints. Flux balance analysis is applied to characterize the phenotypic behavior of S. stipitis grown on xylose. The model predictions are in good agreement with published experimental results. To understand the effect of redox balance on xylose fermentation, we propose a system identification-based metabolic analysis framework to extract biological knowledge embedded in a series of designed in silico experiments. In the proposed framework, we first design in silico experiments to perturb the metabolic network in order to investigate the interested properties and then perform system identification, whereby applying principal component analysis (PCA) to the data generated by the designed in silico experiments. By combining the in silico perturbation experiments with system identification tools, biologically meaningful information contained in the complex network structure can be decomposed and translated into easily interpretable information that is useful for biologist. The PCA analysis identifies the phenotypic changes caused by oxygen supply and reveals key metabolic reactions related to redox homeostasis in different phenotypes. In addition, the influence of the cofactor preference of key enzyme (xylose reductase) in xylose metabolism is investigated using the proposed approach, and the results provide important insights on cofactor engineering of xylose metabolism.
Generation and evaluation of a simultaneous cardiac and respiratory gated Rb-82 PET simulation

The goal is to generate and evaluate a simulated 4D Rb-82 PET dataset that realistically models simultaneous respiratory and cardiac motions for use to study the effects of the motions and their compensation using various gating schemes. Normal cardiac and respiratory (C&R) motions were simulated separately using the realistic 4D XCAT phantoms. The C&R motion cycles were divided into 24 and 48 equally-spaced time points, respectively. The simultaneous dual motions were modeled by 24×48 phantoms with different combinations of C&R motion phases. Almost noise-free projections of the heart, blood pool, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, and the remaining body were simulated separately using the combined SimSET and GATE Monte Carlo simulation program which is 12 times faster than GATE alone. The projections were scaled and combined to simulate a typical Rb-82 myocardial perfusion (MP) PET patient study. The no gating, 6-frame respiratory gating only, 8-frame cardiac gating only, and simultaneous 6-frame respiratory and 8-frame cardiac gating schemes were applied. Each gated projection dataset was reconstructed using a 2D OS-EM without and with attenuation correction (AC) using an averaged and gated attenuation maps. The reconstructed images were evaluated in terms of artifactual non-uniformity in the MP polar map. Significant artifactual non-uniformity was found in the MP polar map over all gating scheme without AC. With AC, the artifactual decreases in both the anterior and inferior regions were reduced with respiratory gating. Cardiac motion alone did not cause significant artifactual non-uniformity. In addition, the combination of dual gating and AC using the gated attenuation map provided the most uniform MP polar map. We demonstrated the flexibility and utility of the 4D XCAT phantom set with simultaneous C&R motions. It is a powerful tool to study motion effects on MP PET studies and to evaluate C&R gating schemes, AC and quantitative 4D PET image reconstruction methods.
Sentiment analysis from textual to multimodal features in digital environments

When social networks actors are involved in the production, consumption and exchange of content and information by texts, images, audios, videos, they act in a shared digital environment that can be considered as a digital ecosystem. On the increasing size of produced data, an open issue is the understanding of the real sentiment and emotion from texts, but also from images, audios and videos. This issue is particularly relevant for monitoring and identifying critical situations and suspicious behaviours. This paper is an attempt to review and evaluate the various techniques used for sentiment and emotion analysis from text, audio and video, and to discuss the main challenges addressed in extracting sentiment from multimodal data. The paper concludes the discussion by proposing a method that combines a machine learning approach with a language-based formalization in order to extract sentiment from multimodal data formalized through a multimodal language.
Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Biogenesis

Blood platelets are 2–3 um anucleate fragments that are formed from the megakaryocyte cytoplasm and have a distinctive discoid shape. To generate and release platelets, megakaryocytes undergo endomitosis to become polyploid and follow a maturation program that results in the transformation of the bulk of their cytoplasm into multiple long processes called proplatelets. To generate 1000 to 2000 platelets, a megakaryocyte may extend multiple proplatelets, each of which begins as a thick pseudopodia that over time elongates and branches repetitively. Platelets form predominantly at the tips of proplatelets. As platelets mature, their content of organelles and granules is delivered to them in a flow of individual cargo moving from the cell body of the megakaryocyte to the assembling platelets at the proplatelet ends. Platelet generation can be indiscriminately divided into two stages. The first stage takes days to complete and requires megakaryocyte-specific cytokines, such as thrombopoietin. Substantial nuclear proliferation to 16 to 32 × N and expansion of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm occur as the platelet is packed with platelet-specific granules, cytoskeletal proteins, and abundant membrane to complete the platelet assembly phase. The second stage is relatively fast and can be completed in hours. During this phase, megakaryocytes generate platelets by reorganizing their cytoplasm first into proplatelets, then preplatelets, which undergo fission to generate platelets. Each day, 100 billion platelets must be generated from megakaryocytes to sustain the normal platelet count of 2 to 3 × 108/ml.
Impact of the non-distinctness and non-ignorability on the inference by multiple imputation in multivariate multilevel data: a simulation assessment

ABSTRACTMultiple imputation (MI) is an increasingly popular method for analysing incomplete multivariate data sets. One of the most crucial assumptions of this method relates to mechanism leading to missing data. Distinctness is typically assumed, which indicates a complete independence of mechanisms underlying missingness and data generation. In addition, missing at random or missing completely at random is assumed, which explicitly states under which conditions missingness is independent of observed data. Despite common use of MI under these assumptions, plausibility and sensitivity to these fundamental assumptions have not been well-investigated. In this work, we investigate the impact of non-distinctness and non-ignorability. In particular, non-ignorability is due to unobservable cluster-specific effects (e.g. random-effects). Through a comprehensive simulation study, we show that MI inferences suggest that nonignoriability due to non-distinctness do not immediately imply dismal performance while non-...
The Effect of Sleep Disturbance on the Association between Chronic Medical Conditions and Depressive Symptoms Over Time.

Chronic medical conditions (CMC) and sleep disturbances are common among adults and associated with depression. We tested sleep disturbance as a moderator of the effect of CMC on depressive symptoms. The sample includes 3597 adults surveyed up to five times over 25 years (1986-2012) from the nationally representative American’s Changing Lives Study (ACL). A multi-level model was estimated to examine sleep disturbance as a moderator of the CMC and depressive symptom association, with a second interaction tested for age as a moderator of the within-person level variability in CMC and depressive symptom association. Sleep disturbance and CMC were associated with depressive symptoms at the between-person level, while only sleep disturbance was associated with depressive symptoms at the within-person level. Sleep disturbance significantly interacted with CMC such that more CMCs were associated with more depressive symptoms among individuals sleeping well, but poor sleep was associated with worse depression regardless of CMC. A second interaction between age and within-person variability in CMC was found significant, suggesting that younger adults had higher symptoms of depression at times of below average CMC relative to older adults. The effect of CMC on depressive symptoms may depend on sleep as well as age. Sleeping restfully may allow individuals with CMC the rejuvenation needed to cope with illness adaptively.
Are Small Breast Cancers Good because They Are Small or Small because They Are Good

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry show that smaller breast cancers, like many of those detected by mammography, are disproportionately biologically favorable in natural history.
Research on Curricular Development for Pre-Kindergarten Mathematics and Science.

Background/ContextAs increasing attention is paid to preparing students to succeed in school, the development and adoption of research-based curricula have become progressively more important. Howe...
Covalent modification of biological targets with natural products through Paal–Knorr pyrrole formation

Covering: up to June 2017Natural products and endogenous metabolites engage specific targets within tissues and cells through complex mechanisms. This review examines the extent to which natural systems have adopted the Paal-Knorr reaction to engage nucleophilic amine groups within biological targets. Current understanding of this mode of reactivity is limited by only a few examples of this reaction in a biological context. This highlight is intended to stimulate the scientific community to identify potential research directions and applications of the Paal-Knorr reaction in native and engineered biological systems.
Die Wiederkehr des Verdrängten

In den Jahrzehnten des Aufschwungs, die Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts auf die Erschutterungen von Depression und Krieg gefolgt waren, verstanden sich die reichen Lander des kapitalistischen Westens zunehmend als friedliche, kohasive und egalitare Gesellschaften – kurzum als zivilisiert, sowohl in der gewohnlichen, moralisch exaltierten Bedeutung des Wortes, die Kultur und menschliches Leben in ihrer vollkommensten Form bezeichnet, als auch im Sinne von Norbert Elias (1939/1997) „Zivilisation“ als Teil eines langfristigen Prozesses der Umstrukturierung sozialer Verhaltnisse, die mit der Ausweitung von Interdependenzketten, der Multiplikation von Organisationsformen und der Pazifizierung sozialer Beziehungen durch die Monopolisierung offentlicher Gewaltanwendung gesteuert von einem zentralisierten burokratischen Staat einhergeht.
The Mere Exposure Effect in Architecture

Per Schelling’s model of Segregation, the population will innately segregate itself based on preferences, often leading to organization by race and class. This subdividing of communities through segregation increases social tension, discourages communication, and isolates those who are different. In 1968, Robert Zajonc proved that subjects rated a familiar stimulus more positively than similar yet unfamiliar stimuli. The mere exposure effect is a phenomenon by which people develop a preference for things solely because they are familiar with them. Architecture can diminish the impact of social segregation through mere exposure by examining the effects of architectural interventions and programs. Through mere exposure designers can create new connections between members of society by rethinking circulation paths, carefully considering the geolocation of program, and creating more effective public space. By incorporating modern social behavioral analytics into design logics, social spaces can facilitate more productive engagements between occupants. Examining the effect of unit location on circulation and noting the most effective locations for public goods, developers and city planners will increase communication between community members. Increasing communication as a primary goal of design will facilitate the development of stronger communities. Although the tool specifically targets residential complexes, the concept is scalable. Providing a designer an automated method for evaluation and data collection based on the mere exposure effect in urban design and architecture can create more informed design of public space. The goal is to create a more diverse and sustainable community through an informed understanding of how space and program influence behavior.
TCT-237 Comparison of an Innovative Hybrid Closure Technique versus Conventional Vascular Closure Strategy in Large Bore Access during Mechanical Hemodynamic Support for High Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Percutaneous hemodynamic support with use of the Impella CP device is increasingly utilized during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HRPCI). We sought to compare a novel hybrid technique combining two Perclose in conjunction with one Angioseal vascular closure device (VCD) to a
Exact quantitative probabilistic model checking through rational search

Model checking of systems formalized using probabilistic models such as discrete time Markov chains (DTMCs) and Markov decision processes (MDPs) can be reduced to computing constrained reachability properties. Linear programming methods to compute reachability probabilities for DTMCs and MDPs do not scale to large models. Thus, model checking tools often employ iterative methods to approximate reachability probabilities. These approximations can be far from the actual probabilities, leading to inaccurate model checking results. In this article, we present a new algorithm and its implementation that improves approximate results obtained by scalable techniques like value iteration to compute exact reachability probabilities.
Labor-Based Asset Pricing

Expectations of returns and cash flows are linked to firms' labor search decisions. Using a dataset that covers the near-universe of online job vacancy postings, I show that vacancy rates negatively predict returns and positively predict cash flows in the cross-section of firms and industries. The predictive power of vacancy postings is strengthened for firms facing less favorable labor-market conditions. Incorporating the supply and demand information of the aggregate labor market, I construct a new measure of employment value that strongly predicts aggregate stock and bond market returns, even in the presence of other known predictors.
1 – THE ROLE OF HARVESTED FORAGES

Forage is herbaceous plants or herbaceous plant parts made available for animal consumption. Forage can be harvested directly by the grazing animal from the standing crop (pasturage) or mechanically harvested and then fed to herbivores (harvested or conserved forages). Forage crops are plant crops grown for feeding as forage to ungulate herbivores, but the term is sometimes used to exclude pasturage. Forage consists broadly of the total aboveground part of herbaceous plants, but only selected portions of the aerial parts of the plant may be included in harvested forages. Harvested forages are produced almost exclusively for feeding livestock, principally ruminants and horses. Harvested forages are commonly fed on the farm, where they are produced. However, an alternative is to sell harvested forages, primarily hay, off the farm where produced for feeding elsewhere. Regardless of which utilization alternative—or combination of alternatives—is followed, the production of harvested forages should be considered an earning enterprise on the farm, and planned and operated accordingly.
COMPARISON BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE FLOW RATIO AND FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE IN INTERMEDIATE CORONARY STENOSIS

Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) has emerged as a new approach to calculate fractional flow reserve (FFR) from three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography(3D-QCA) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count without drug induced hyperemia. We evaluated the accuracy of QFR
Left atrial thrombus and dense spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in patients on continuous direct oral anticoagulant therapy undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Comparison of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban

Background Left atrial thrombus (LAT) and dense spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients on continuous direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) therapy before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) have been described. Objective We sought to compare rates of TEE-detected LAT and dense SEC among patients taking different DOACs. Methods We evaluated 609 consecutive patients from 3 tertiary hospitals (median age 65 years; interquartile range 58–71 years; 436 (72%) men) who were on ≥4 weeks of continuous DOAC therapy (dabigatran, n=166 [27%]; rivaroxaban, n=257 [42%]; or apixaban, n=186 [31%]) undergoing TEE before catheter ablation of AF/AFL. Demographic, clinical, and TEE data were collected for each patient. Results Despite ≥4 weeks of continuous DOAC therapy, 17 patients (2.8%) had LAT and 15 patients (2.5%) had dense SEC detected by TEE. The rates of LAT were 3.0%, 3.5%, and 1.6% for patients on dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, respectively ( P = .482). The rates of dense SEC were 1.2%, 3.5%, and 2.2% for patients on dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, respectively ( P = .299). Congestive heart failure (odds ratio 4.4; 95% confidence interval 1.6–12; P = .003) and moderate/severe left atrial enlargement (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval 1.1–8.6; P = .026) were independent predictors of LAT. Conclusion In this study, ∼3% of patients on continuous DOAC therapy had LAT detected before catheter ablation of AF/AFL. Specific DOAC therapy did not significantly affect the rates of LAT detection.
Discrete 3D Wave Propagation for Computing Morphological Operations from Surface Patches and Unorganized Points

We present a discrete framework for 3D wave propagation to support morphological computations with an emphasis on the recovery of the medial axis of a 3D solid, a collection of surface patches, or a data set of unorganized points. The wave propagation is implemented on a discrete lattice, where initial surfaces are considered as sources of propagation. Three classes of discrete rays are designed to cover the propagation space with a minimal number of computations. These pencils of rays represent a“compromise” view between Huygens and Fermat principles. The 3D medial axis points are then found at the collision of wavefronts. This method has linear time complexity in the number of nodes of the lattice used to discretize the propagation medium, i.e., it is independent of the topological complexity of the initial data. As such, it is highly efficient for the extraction of symmetries, as well as for implementing 3D morphological filters based on erosions and dilations, from large 3D data sets. The wave propagation scheme permits to implement the effect of various metrics including the Euclidean one.
Model Electronics Program at University of Massachusetts Lowell

In 1986, Microelectronics / VLSI Technology program was established at UMASS Lowell, as a result of proposal submitted by the author to the Massachusetts Microelectronics Center (MMC). One million dollar funding in kind and cash was matched by Chancellor Hogan in converting an existing space of 2400 sq feet in to a modern clean room facility. Two Laboratories namely: VLSI Design Lab and Distributed Semiconductor Industrial Processing Laboratory (DSIPL) were established deploying the state-of-art design and fabrication facilities.
Possible teratogenic effects of imipramine in the rat.

Tricyclic antidepressants are sometimes used during pregnancy (Crombie et al. 1972; Scanlon 1969). In reviews of studies which examine the teratogenic potential of antidepressants in humans it is frequently concluded that these drugs are relatively safe for use in pregnant patients (Calabrese and Gulledge 1985; Csernansky and Hollister 1984). While ethical and experimental restraints prohibit a thorough assessment of the results of prenatal drug exposure in humans, animal experiments have indicated that physiologic, biochemical, and behavioral effects may result from in utero drug exposure. Collectively, our pharmacokinetic and dynamic studies indicate that third trimester administration of imipramine (IMI) to rats in doses that do not cause dysmorphic effects in the fetus results in substantial fetal drug and metabolite exposure, enhances infant mortality, and has teratogenic effects persisting into adulthood on neuronal systems which regulate growth and reproductive function. These data imply that maternal ingestion of imipramine may result in subclinical teratogenic effects, which may not be evident, if at all, until offspring have matured past adolescence.
Parental resistance to childhood immunizations: clinical, ethical, and policy considerations.

Physicians play an important role in educating parents about the social and medical consequences of refusing to have their children immunized. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Spandex: a flexible interface for efficient heterogeneous coherence

Recent heterogeneous architectures have trended toward tighter integration and shared memory largely due to the efficient communication and programmability enabled by this shift. However, such integration is complex, because accelerators have widely disparate methods for accessing and keeping data coherent. Some processors use caches %that are backed by hardware coherence protocols like MESI, while others prefer lightweight software coherence protocols or use specialized memories like scratchpads with differing state and communication granularities. Modern solutions tend to build interfaces that extend existing MESI-style CPU coherence protocols, often by adding hierarchical indirection through intermediate shared caches. Although functionally correct, these strategies lack flexibility and generally suffer from performance limitations that make them sub-optimal for some emerging accelerators and workloads. Instead, we need a flexible interface that can efficiently integrate existing and future devices – without requiring intrusive changes to their memory structure. We introduce Spandex, an improved coherence interface based on the simple and scalable DeNovo coherence protocol. Spandex (which takes its name from the flexible material commonly used in one-size-fits-all textiles) directly interfaces devices with diverse coherence properties and memory demands, enabling each device to communicate in a manner appropriate for its specific access properties. We demonstrate the importance of this flexibility by comparing this strategy against a more conventional MESI-based hierarchical solution for a diverse range of heterogeneous applications. On average for the applications studied, Spandex reduces execution time by 16% (max 29%) and network traffic by 27% (max 58%) relative to the MESI-based hierarchical solution.
Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

BACKGROUND Acute bacterial sinusitis is a frequent complication of viral upper respiratory infection (URI). We describe the clinical and virologic features of URIs that remain uncomplicated and those that precede an episode of sinusitis. We hypothesize that certain viruses are more likely to lead to acute sinusitis, and we compare viruses identified at the time of diagnosis of sinusitis with those identified early in the URI. METHODS Children aged 48-96 months were followed longitudinally for 1 year. Nasal samples were obtained at surveillance visits, on Day 3-4 of the URI, and on Day 10, when sinusitis was diagnosed. Molecular diagnostic testing was performed on nasal washes for common respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria. A standardized score was used to quantify symptom severity. RESULTS We evaluated 519 URIs, and 37 illnesses in 31 patients met the criteria for sinusitis. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected more frequently in URI visits that led to sinusitis, compared to in uncomplicated URIs (10.8% vs 3.4%; P = .05). New viruses were detected in 29% of sinusitis episodes, and their pattern was different than those patterns observed at surveillance. The median number of URIs per subject per year was 1 (range 0-9) in uncomplicated URI subjects and 3 (range 1-9) in sinusitis subjects (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Children who developed sinusitis experienced more frequent URIs, compared to children whose URIs remained uncomplicated. When nasal samples were obtained on the day of diagnosis of acute sinusitis, nearly 30% of children had a new virus identified, suggesting that some children deemed to have sinusitis were experiencing sequential viral infections.
Enantioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Annulation Reactions with Imidazolidinones.

This highly selective carbene catalyzed reaction gives various differently substituted bicyclic lactones through a formal [4 + 2] annulation reaction.
Black Out-group Marriages and Hate Crime Rates: A Cross-sectional Analysis of U.S. Metropolitan Areas:

Objectives:This study introduces an indicator of racial out-group marriage to the research on hate crime. Drawing upon a variant of group threat theory, we hypothesize that Black out-group marriage...
Asymmetric Temperature Modulation for Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Summary Adding a 200-mile range in 10 min, so-called extreme fast charging (XFC), is the key to mainstream adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Here, we present an asymmetric temperature modulation (ATM) method that, on one hand, charges a Li-ion cell at an elevated temperature of 60°C to eliminate Li plating and, on the other, limits the exposure time at 60°C to only ∼10 min per cycle, or 0.1% of the lifetime of a BEV, to prevent severe solid-electrolyte-interphase growth. The asymmetric temperature between charge and discharge opens a new path to enhance kinetics and transport during charging while still achieving long life. We show that a 9.5-Ah 170-Wh/kg cell sustained 1,700 XFC cycles (6 C charge to 80% state of charge) at 20% capacity loss with the ATM, compared to 60 cycles for a control cell, and that a 209-Wh/kg BEV cell retained 91.7% capacity after 2,500 XFC cycles.
Reflections and Summary

In the final chapter, McCurdy summarizes the main lessons contained in the early history of commercial space flight. Space travel is capital intensive and requires large outlays of cash long in advance of returns. To launch an independent space transportation business, private sources of investment capital are typically insufficient. Yet government support is not always necessary to supplement the shortfall. McCurdy argues that philanthropic entrepreneurs, incentive prizes and legacy investors can be effective substitutes for government help. New space entrepreneurs launched their firms with the aim of escaping the more restrictive aspects of government control. The firms demonstrated their capacity for innovation. Now that human flights in private spacecraft are set to begin, events will test the ability of business firms to sustain safe and relatively inexpensive flight. McCurdy concludes by reviewing the large number of new space companies that failed or disappeared. Failure is very much an option and an important force behind commercial space innovation, but for the movement to succeed, a few outstanding entries need to prevail.
A Prototype Towards a Transcutaneous Oxygen Sensing Wearable

Monitoring of vital signs and screening at risk patients remotely would improve the outcomes of treatment and promote outpatient care, which is one of the main aims of modern digital health technology. Among the vital signs of human body, respiration is a key component of a person’s health. Respiratory health can be quantified by rate, volume, and blood-gas content. Traditional respiration monitoring methods such as arterial blood gas monitoring and pulse oximetry have certain advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a prototype demonstration of an oxygen sensing platform which can be transformed to a wearable for monitoring partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen. A blue light emitting diode with peak emission wavelength of 450 nm excites a platinum-porpyrin thin film. Re-emitted red light with peak emission wavelength of 650 nm is captured by a photodiode. The developed prototype could successfully sense the changing levels of oxygen and it outputs voltage levels in the range of several hundreds of mV that is suitable for further processing. This effort can be considered as a first step towards a transcutaneous oxygen sensing wearable.
Developing and Sustaining Sport Psychology Programs : A Resource Guide for Practitioners

Developing and Sustaining Sport Psychology Programs: A Resource Guide for Practitioners outlines a systemic approach to creating comprehensive, sustainable sport psychology programs in professional sports organizations, colleges, universities, and at secondary school levels. Based on the author’s more than 30 years of professional experience, this volume presents a framework that delineates methods for designing, implementing, and evaluating sport psychology programs, discussing topics such as needs assessment and client identification. Featuring real-world experiences and clear, non-technical writing, this step-by-step guide can be applied to a range of sport psychology programs including mental skills, life skills, coach education, leadership training, and team development programs. Developing and Sustaining Sport Psychology Programs details a program development process that has been applied successfully at the professional, collegiate, and secondary school levels over a more than 30-year period. It has contributed to the development of sport psychology programs that have sustained themselves over the course of time and is an essential text for sport psychologists and mental skills coaches at all levels as well as graduate students and other professionals in the field.
High Concurrent Use of Sulfonylureas and Antimicrobials With Drug Interactions Causing Hypoglycemia.

Objectives Sulfonylureas, the second most common oral diabetes treatment, have interactions with antimicrobials that substantially increase the risk of hypoglycemia. The objectives of this study are to quantify the concurrent use of sulfonylureas and interacting antimicrobial in U.S. ambulatory care and to examine whether interacting antimicrobials are used for an appropriate indication. Methods We analyzed the 2006-2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, annual probability samples of visits to U.S. office-based physicians. We determined nationally representative estimates of visits for adults with concurrent use of sulfonylureas and 7 antimicrobials with established interactions. We examined whether visit diagnoses included appropriate indications for antibiotics according to national guidelines. Results There were 2.5 million visits per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-2.9) in which sulfonylureas were used with systemic antimicrobials, of which 1 million (95% CI, 0.8-1.2) or 38.0% (95% CI, 32.3%-44.0%) were interacting antimicrobials. Sulfonylurea users had similar odds of interacting antimicrobial use as patients using diabetes medications without antimicrobial interactions (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82-1.40). The most common interacting antimicrobials used with sulfonylureas were fluoroquinolones, accounting for 59.9% (95% CI, 50.7%-68.2%) of antimicrobials, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, accounting for 21.1% (95% CI, 14.8%-29.2%). There was no appropriate antibiotic indication in 69.7% (95% CI, 55.2%-81.1) of visits with interacting antibiotic use. Conclusions Sulfonylureas and antimicrobials with potentially hazardous interactions are frequently used together. To reduce resultant hypoglycemic events, there is a need for interventions to increase physician awareness and promote antibiotic stewardship.
Gold Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Iodoarenes

This report details a decarboxylative cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl carboxylates with iodoarenes in the presence of a gold catalyst (>25 examples, up to 96% yield). This reaction is site specific, which overcomes prior limitations associated with gold catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions. The reactivity of the (hetero)aryl carboxylate correlates qualitatively to the field effect parameter (Fortho). Reactions with isolated gold complexes and DFT calculations support a mechanism proceeding through oxidative addition at a gold(I) cation with decarboxylation being viable at either a gold(I) or a silver(I) species.
Mechanistic Origin of Photoredox Catalysis Involving Iron(II) Polypyridyl Chromophores

Photoredox catalysis employing ruthenium- and iridium-based chromophores have been the subject of considerable research. However, the natural abundance of these elements are among the lowest on the...
ASK1 Activation in Platelets By Oxidized LDL Is Independent of CD36

Abstract Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a major contributor to platelet hyper-activation in hyperlipidemic conditions. OxLDL induces a prothrombotic phenotype by sensitizing the platelets for activation. Several receptors have been identified for oxLDL on platelets, but majority of the studies were focused on CD36. OxLDL binding to CD36 results in activation of multiple signaling molecules including Src family kinases (SFKs), Vav 1&3, JNK2, ERK5, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanism(s) by which oxLDL sensitizes platelets for activation is poorly understood. We have recently identified Apoptosis Signal Regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1), a MAP kinase kinase kinase, in platelets. Here, we show that in human platelets ASK1 is activated by oxLDL as determined by its activation-specific phosphorylation on T845. ASK1 activation was evident with oxLDL concentrations as low as 10μg/ml, with maximal activation observed with 100μg/ml. In contrast, native LDL (nLDL, 10-200μg/ml) failed to stimulate ASK1 activation. The activation of ASK1 was rapid peaking at 1 minute and returning to base line by 5 minutes. To determine if ROS is responsible for the activation of ASK1, we pretreated platelets with MnTMPyP, a ROS scavenger. MnTMPyP failed to inhibit the activation of ASK1 induced by oxLDL. To determine the mechanism by which oxLDL induces ASK1 activation, we pretreated platelets with 10μM each of pharmacological inhibitors, PP2 for SFKs, Y27632 for Rho kinase, bisindolylmaleimide for PKC, LY294002 for PI3 Kinase, U73122 for PLC, and 25μM of BAPTA-AM to chelate calcium. We found that platelets pretreated with U73122 and BAPTA-AM abolished oxLDL induced ASK1 activation, whereas others had no effect suggesting that ASK1 is activated in a calcium-dependent manner. To investigate the role of CD36 in oxLDL induced ASK1 activation, we used FA6-152, a function-blocking antibody for human CD36, and murine CD36nullplatelets. Interestingly, either blocking or lack of CD36 had no effect on oxLDL-induced ASK1/p38 activation suggesting that CD36 is not involved in oxLDL induced ASK1 activation. To determine if ASK1 play a role in oxLDL-induced sensitization of platelets for activation, we treated platelets with GS-4997, a specific ASK1 inhibitor, before stimulating them with ADP and oxLDL. ADP (10µM) or oxLDL (100µg/ml), showed no aggregation, but combination of oxLDL and ADP showed robust aggregation of vehicle-treated platelets. However, pretreatment of platelets with GS-4997 significantly inhibited oxLDL-induced potentiation of ADP-induced platelet aggregation suggesting that ASK1 plays a role in platelet activation under hyperlipidemic conditions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.