cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Saga of Hydrogen Civilization

Fossil fuels (i.e., petroleum, natural gas and coal), which meet most of the world's energy demand today, are being depleted fast. Also, their combustion products are causing the global problems, such as the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, acid rains and pollution, which are posing great danger for our environment and eventually for the life in our planet. Many engineers and scientists agree that the solution to these global problems would be to replace the existing fossil fuel system by the Hydrogen Energy System. Hydrogen is a very efficient and clean fuel. Its combustion will produce no greenhouse gases, no ozone layer depleting chemicals, little or no acid rain ingredients and pollution. Hydrogen, produced from renewable energy sources, would result in a permanent energy system, which we would never have to change. This article presents the history of Hydrogen Energy from its conception through the dissemination of the idea and the beginning of the implementation.
Countering Questionable Tactics by Crying Foul

This is the author's accepted manuscript, made available with permission of the American Forensic Association.
Polarization technique to assess the operating state of polymeric insulation

Polarization current measurements obtained from two different brands of cross-linked polyethylene subjected to water tree aging are discussed. It is shown that the RC time constant and the area under the polarization current curve consistently change with the aging time, i.e., with the extent of water treeing. In comparison, depolarization current measurements used in some diagnostic cable insulation assessment tests, did not produce consistent results.
The environmental impact of cities

Cities are growing inexorably, causing many to think that inevitably their environmental impact will worsen. In this paper, three approaches to understanding the environmental impact of cities are analyzed, namely population impact, Ecological Footprint and sustainability assessment. Although the population impact model provides some perspective on local impact, and the Ecological Footprint model on global impact, only the sustainability assessment approach allows us to see the positive benefits of urban growth and provides policy options that can help cities reduce their local and global impact while improving their live-ability and opportunity, which continue to drive their growth. This approach is then applied in the city of Sydney.
A novel transgenic line of mice exhibiting autosomal recessive male-specific lethality and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

We have isolated a Meis1a transgenic mouse line exhibiting recessive male-specific lethality and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which coincides with pubescence and is androgen-dependent. The phenotype is due to disruption of an endogenous locus, since other Meis1a transgenic lines do not exhibit these phenotypes. Necropsy analysis revealed hepatic microvesicular steatosis in pubescent male homozygous mice, which is absent in transgenic females. The transgene insertion site was localized to chromosome 1 and further refined by cloning the flanking regions. Sequence analysis shows that the integration site disrupts a putative metallo-beta-lactamase gene with a 21.3 kb deletion encompassing exons 5-7.
Capacity and Duality of AF Relay MAC and BC

We consider multi-hop multiple access (MAC) and broadcast channels (BC) where communication takes place with the assistance of relays that amplify and forward (AF) their received signals. For a two hop parallel AF relay MAC, assuming a sum power constraint across all relays we characterize optimal relay amplification factors and the resulting capacity regions. We find that the parallel AF relay MAC with total transmit power of the two users P1+P2=P and total relay power PR is the dual of the parallel AF relay BC where the MAC source nodes become the BC destination nodes, the MAC destination node becomes the BC source node, the dual BC source transmit power is PR and the total transmit power of the AF relays is P.
Design and experimental analysis of continuous location tracking techniques for Wizard of Oz testing

Wizard of Oz (WOz) testing has shown promise as an effective way to test location-enhanced applications. However, it is challenging to conduct a location-based WOz test because of the dynamic nature of target settings in the field. In particular, continuous location tracking, a major task in such a test, requires a wizard to frequently update a user's location to simulate a location system. This imposes a heavy task load on a wizard. To ease wizards' tasks for location tracking, we designed two techniques, Directional Crossing and Steering, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the performance of the two techniques. A quantitative analysis shows that Directional Crossing and Steering significantly lowered a wizard's task load for location tracking without sacrificing accuracy.
TiN metal hardmask etch residue removal with mask pullback and complete mask removal for Cu dual damascene device

Formulations with TiN/Cu etch rate selectivity greater than 60 at 40 °C for TiN pullback and 200 at 55° C for complete TiN mask removal, respectively, have been developed. The formulations are compatible with Cu, low-k and SiON materials, and prevent Cu re-oxidation.
A family of acoustic vorticity meters to measure ocean boundary layer shear

The authors have developed several three axis acoustic vorticity meters at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for measuring shear and turbulence in ocean boundary layers. Such a measurement, in principle, filters out irrotational motion such as linear surface gravity waves which can swamp measurements of a flow's rotational motion. The authors have constructed one 15 cm acoustic path instrument, four 45 cm path instruments, and one 1.5 m path instrument and established their accuracy in a series of laboratory and ocean experiments. The 15 cm acoustic path instrument has a mean flow induced vorticity error of 0.034/s in a flow of 0.369 m/s and 20 dB rejection of waves. The 45 cm path instruments have an uncalibratable 10/sup -2//s mean flow induced vorticity error in a constant flow of 0.7 m/s consistent with the theoretical prediction that accuracy improves with increased path length. The 45 cm path instruments have been deployed in the ocean upper boundary layer to measure shear, in the thermocline to measure internal waves, and in the bottom boundary layer to measure turbulence.
Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

A major shift has occurred in the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, and other important cardiovascular diseases. Traditional thinking conceived of atherosclerosis as a bland lipid storage disease. However, the current thinking regarding this and other cardiovascular disorders recognizes an important role for biological processes such as inflammation and its inextricably linked companion, oxidative stress, in their pathogenesis. This emerging story of inflammation as a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases has swept through contemporary cardiology and now stands on the threshold of clinical fruition by the application of biomarkers. Currently converging clinical and experimental evidence has pointed to specific participants in atherothrombosis as potential novel biomarkers. Although currently there is a lack of sufficient evidence to support wide-scale changes in clinical practice based on the application of inflammatory biomarkers, the next several years should witness critical tests of the inflammatory hypothesis in the clinic that may prove useful in modifying the management of both individuals without manifest cardiovascular disease and those with established cardiovascular disorders. This rapid adoption of the concept of inflammation by practitioners furnishes an example of how fundamental laboratory research may change clinical practice and improve patient outcomes when translated to practice.
Mothers' psychological contracts: Does supervisor breach explain intention to leave the organization?

Recent evidence suggests mothers with infants are leaving the workforce (Cohany & Sok, 2007; Johnson, 2007), but research has not yet clarified why mothers make such a decision. The current research proposes that mothers form psychological contracts including content related to family that supervisors do not fulfill, resulting in intention to leave the organization. In a study of first-time mothers, participants reported experiencing contract breach. Findings also suggested supervisors may have an opportunity to control the outcomes of breach and retain mothers by effectively managing perceptions of fair treatment (i.e., interactional justice). This is the first empirical research to indicate that mothers' intentions to leave depend on fulfillment of their psychological contracts related to family and fair treatment from their supervisor.
A New Class of Efficient Block-Iterative Interference Cancellation Techniques for Digital Communication Receivers

A new and efficient class of nonlinear receivers is introduced for digital communication systems. These "iterated-decision" receivers use optimized multipass algorithms to successively cancel interference from a block of received data and generate symbol decisions whose reliability increases monotonically with each iteration. Two variants of such receivers are discussed: the iterated-decision equalizer and the iterated-decision multiuser detector. Iterated-decision equalizers, designed to equalize intersymbol interference (ISI) channels, asymptotically achieve the performance of maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), but only have a computational complexity on the order of a linear equalizer (LE). Even more importantly, unlike the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), iterated-decision equalizers can be readily used in conjunction with error-control coding. Similarly, iterated-decision multiuser detectors, designed to cancel multiple-access interference (MAI) in typical wireless environments, approach the performance of the optimum multiuser detector in uncoded systems with a computational complexity comparable to a decorrelating detector or a linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) multiuser detector.
How Can Adult Children Influence Parents’ Long-Term Care Insurance Purchase Decisions?

Purpose of the study Long-term care (LTC) poses a significant strain on public health insurance financing. In response, there is policy interest in bolstering the private long-term care insurance (LTCI) market. Although families are central to LTC provision, their role in LTCI demand remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to obtain in-depth information concerning: (a) How do older parents evaluate the need for LTCI, (b) what role do adult children play? and (c) How do families communicate about parents' LTC preferences and plans, including LTCI purchase? Design and methods We conducted focus groups with older parents and adult children in diverse markets. Two groups were conducted with older parents who had purchased LTCI and two with parents who had not purchased LTCI. Four groups were conducted with adult children, mixed as to whether their parents had purchased LTCI. Probes were informed by published reasons for purchasing or not purchasing LTCI. We analyzed transcriptions using directed content analysis and constant comparative method. Results Older parents valued autonomy for themselves and their children. Older parent purchasers regarded LTCI as supporting this value while nonpurchasers perceived limitations. Adult children described unstated expectations that they would care for their parents. Though discussions between parents and children about LTCI were rare, successful influence occurred when children appealed to shared values, specifically avoiding burden and remaining home. Implications Messages that emphasize autonomy over LTC decisions and interventions that start the LTC conversation among families, with attention to shared values, could increase private LTCI uptake.
Investors: What's being done about misleading financial reports?

Do financial reports really tell investors the whole truth? Companies like Amazon.com and Microsoft derive most of their value from new types of intangible assets—such as technology, processes, and customer loyalties. But the current model of financial reporting doesn't recognize many of these new intangible assets. This has created a widening gap between book values and market valuations for many emerging companies. The authors explore what's being done about this thorny problem, here and abroad. They also include some useful charts comparing U.S. and international accounting for intangible assets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Panel Discussion on Computer Control the Structure and Use of a Computer Control System

The structure of a computer control system for a particle accelerator depends strongly on three main factors, One of these is historical in nature. A second factor results from the design or type of the accelerator. The third factor is more complex since it results from the designer’s decision on the division of responsibility among the computer, the analog control loops, and the human operator. The historical factor has and will continne to influence the design of computer control systems in two ways. The first way results from the very rapid development of the compluter. For the past several years, we have witnessed the growth in computational capabilities, in speed, and in the capabilities of the vendor supplied software. At the same time, prices on many computers have been reduced. These trends will continue and will make more and more control tasks both practical and economical. The historical factor influences the design of a computer control system in a second and perhaps less obvious way. This second way results from the timing of the decision to use computer control.
High Power, Picosecond Phase Coherent Pulse Sequences by Injection Locking

Complex multiple pulse sequences have proven extremely valuable in NMR as probes of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. Optical analogs of many of these sequences can be useful in elucidating the effects of collisional perturbation in gases, guest-guest and guest-host interactions in mixed molecular crystals, or any general perturbations which make the usual two-level approximations invalid. But all these sequences require phase coherence (the phase of each pulse must be specified relative to the first) which was more difficult to achieve in optical spectroscopy than at radiofrequencies [1]. We present here a new technique which extends the applicability of phase coherent pulse sequences to high powers and ~ 200 ps resolution, and should be extendable to even shorter pulses.
Pericardial Lymph Node Hyperplasia: Embryologic, Surgical, and Prognostic Considerations: A Case Report

A case of intrapericardial giant lymph node hyperplasia (localized hyaline-vascular variant of Castleman's disease) is reported. The large tumor was successfully removed, and at a twelve-year follow-up there are no signs of recurrence. This is the first case reported in the literature of an intrapericardial Castleman's disease localization. Embryologic, surgical, and prognostic implications of this finding are briefly discussed.
Whither written language evaluation

Common evaluations have grown to be a major component of all the ARPA Human Language Technology programs. In the written language community, the largest evaluation program has been the series of Message Understanding Conferences, which began in 1987 [2,3]. These evaluations have focussed on the task of analyzing text and automatically filling templates describing certain classes of events. These conferences have certainly been a major impetus in the development of systems for performing such "information extraction" tasks, and thus in demonstrating the potential practical value of some of the written language processing technology.
Design and automatic generation of a CMOS NOR-NOR testable programmable logic array (CTPLA)

A CMOS NOR-NOR testable PLA (CTPLA) which has a universal test set is discussed. Berkeley VLSI tools were used to implement and verify the design. The PLA contains an extra row and a column, along with a shift register and two cascades of exclusive-OR (EXOR) gates, to make it testable. The layout of the CTPLA was implemented such that the inherent regularity of the PLA can be maintained without undue compromise. A procedure which automatically generates the layout according to a given personalization was written. The test set detects all single stuck-at faults as well as crosspoint faults. >
Liberalism’s disease: Civility above justice

Liberal societies depend on wide adherence to norms of civility in the interactions of everyday life and in maintaining hierarchies of social structure. Norms of civility often are instrumental in appeals to reason and in the informal enforcement of social order. The virtue of civility fits well within the ideals of liberalism because it is grounded in beliefs about the mutual benefits of moderation, temperance, tolerance and respect. However, civility can be at odds with arguably more compelling virtues, particularly justice. Few of us would wish to coexist with others in a continued state of incivility, and the aim of this essay is not to dismiss the value and importance of civility to communication in everyday life. Rather, the essay explores a potentially dysfunctional aspect of civility, namely, the problem of using appeals to civility to silence dissenting communication and expression about fundamental questions of social justice. Liberalism is premised on a strong belief in the benefits of ‘equality of opportunity’ in all spheres of life, but not all liberals give primacy to social justice as a virtue that is essential to a good society. Civility is unquestionably useful, but there are compelling reasons to assume that when calls for civility stem from asymmetrical efforts to regulate communication, the likelihood of unjust outcomes is increased significantly. This condition is a pathological affliction that is familiar to actually existing liberalism, and it is the central concern of this essay.
The morphologic responses of the lymphoid system to homografts. II. The effects of antimetabolites.

The effects of 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine on the morphologic responses of lymph nodes and spleen were studied in the rabbit. The main effect of these drugs was to inhibit the proliferation of hemocytoblasts, cells considered to be immunologically competent. Homograft rejection did not occur as long as these cells were suppressed. Rabbits which rejected their grafts in spite of continued 6-mercaptopurine treatment developed large numbers of hemocytoblasts in their lymphoid apparatus. These cells were thought to be drug resistant and analogous to resistant leukemic cells.
Coupled transport of p-aminohippurate by rat kidney basolateral membrane vesicles.

p-Aminohippuric acid (PAH) transport by basolateral membrane (BLM) vesicles isolated from rat renal cortex was stimulated very little by a Na+ gradient (out greater than in). However, when micromolar concentrations of glutaric acid or alpha-ketoglutaric acid were added in the presence of a out greater than in Na+ gradient, PAH uptake was accelerated greater than 20-fold and an overshoot of greater than fivefold was produced. Other anions, e.g., fumarate, stimulated PAH uptake very modestly under these conditions (approximately 2-fold), and that stimulation was totally prevented by short circuiting, i.e., with K+ (in = out) and valinomycin. Glutarate-stimulated uptake was inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) and probenecid and was slightly stimulated by the imposition of an inside-negative membrane potential. Furthermore, even in the absence of a Na+ gradient, glutarate-loaded vesicles exhibited a marked acceleration of PAH uptake (5-fold) and a modest overshoot (2.5-fold). These results suggest an indirect coupling of BLM PAH uptake to the Na+ gradient by a cyclic accumulation (Na+-dependent) of glutarate followed by its efflux from the vesicle in exchange for PAH. This coupled system was absent in apical membranes. Thus net secretory transport of PAH may entail Na+-dependent, glutarate-driven PAH uptake at the BLM, followed by the exit of PAH into the lumen down its electrochemical gradient, probably in exchange for other anions, e.g., Cl-, HCO3-, or OH-.
Science and Language Special Issue: Challenges in Preparing Preservice Teachers for Teaching Science as a Second Language

Science is a subject steeped in specialized vocabulary and elementary preservice teachers may find themselves less than comfortable with that vocabulary. Couple this with their long documented fear of the subject and we have teachers who enter their first classrooms unsure of themselves and the content and thus, less able to prepare their own students. Common challenges these new teachers face include the specialized vocabulary of science, the speed at which words are introduced as well as the sheer vocabulary load of the subject, and the difficulty of English language learners attempting to learn science. This article suggests vocabulary strategies for each challenge and advocates for the incorporation of modified Total Physical Response methods when teaching science content. These suggestions will help science educators relieve the stress preservice teachers find when attempting to learn the language of science.
The Science and Refining of Oil

Hydrocarbons literally fuel our economy. Oil is a major constituent of the class of energy labeled nonrenewables that also includes natural gas and coal. The other sources of energy are nuclear, which technically is also a nonrenewable, and renewable energy sources, ranging from wind and solar power, biomass, wave power, and hydroelectric. With the exception of nuclear energy, these energy sources derive their energy content from the sun, through differential heating of the atmosphere, the photons emitted from the Sun and impinging on solar panels, heating fluids, from the creation of weather, or from the absorption of light and carbon dioxide to create carbohydrates in plants.
Machanism of EDTA test in the plasticized root canal therapy

Objective To explore whether the EDTA test can dissolve the soluble phenolic resin or not in the plasticized root canal therapy.Methods The production of polymer was grouped in 24 hours,7 days,30 days,180 days as the experimental model of phenolic resin bar,1 cm from each of three paragraphs long,one end of the 0.5 cm long was immersed in EDTA gel time of 5 minutes,10 minutes,15 minutes,was observed under the microscope surface morphology of phenolic resin.Results There was no significant difference during the phenolic resin of different reaction time and between the EDTA-treated and untreated side of one end,and does not extend over the role of EDTA changed.Conclusion In plastics root canal dredging treatment where EDTA is used,and phenolic resin is insoluble.
Towards a professionalism of agricultural extension: key to promoting extension effectiveness in Africa.

A survey of a small sample of 123 extension workers in Ghana and Ethiopia may have revealed the key issue facing extension ineffectiveness in Africa—the paucity of extension training. Questions on job satisfaction showed that respondents were highly satisfied with: a) an opportunity to work in an area they are trained (N=88, 57%), b) level of education (N=75 (61%), c) enthusiasm towards their work (N=72 (58.5%), and d) opportunity to work with local farmers. However, they were highly dissatisfied with: a) their salaries (N=108 (87.8%), b) the process of decentralization (N=83 (75.6%), c) cooperation from non-governmental agencies (N=87 (70.7%), d) respect from peers in other sectors of government (N=83 (68.0%), e) training in development (N=79 (65.3%), and f) training in communication (N=65 (54.2%). We find their complaints on lack of or limited training in development and communication worthy to note because in the last 40 years extension performance has stressed facilitation among development partners. It can be argued, therefore, that the slow process of decentralization, the friction between extension workers and their NGO counterparts, and their inability to get along with their compatriots in other ministries can be traced to their limited or lack of training in development and communication, otherwise called “Communication for Development” (C4D). We conclude, therefore, that if extension workers are to be effective in their new role as development facilitators not only must their training in agriculture expand to include C4D but, equally significant, extension systems throughout the continent must operate as a profession. Therefore, the authors recommend the establishment of a professional association throughout Africa, under the rubric of “ExtensionAfrica,” which will address the need for extension effectiveness on the continent. We particularly recommend a collaborative relationship with the African Forum for Agricultural Services (AFAAS), which has a mandate for advising on extension services, to make this happen.
Neurobehavioral Issues in Childhood Cancer

Children treated for cancer represent a growing population needing educational services in the public and private schools. While not all children with cancer are expected to experience school probl...
Zebrafish: A Model System to Study the Architecture of Human Genetic Disease

Abstract The current ability to sequence whole exomes and genomes has reached an unprecedented pace. Variant data have been cataloged for >1 M individuals representative of Mendelian disease cohorts, complex trait consortia, and healthy populations. This flood of information, expected to grow hyperexponentially in the coming years, has already fuelled the development of animal models to assign physiological relevance of genotype to phenotype; to inform variant pathogenicity; and to dissect multilocus interactions. Here, we discuss zebrafish as a robust model system that offers similar genomic and anatomical orthology to humans, with the added advantages of experimental tractability and a refined set of molecular tools that enable scalable throughput analyses. We will compare and contrast zebrafish to other animal model systems; provide a historical perspective on zebrafish forward and reverse genetics; and we will overlay the relative strengths and weaknesses of the model to interpret pathomechanism of germline mutations in humans.
Current Evidence of Gait Modification with Real-time Biofeedback to Alter Kinetic, Temporospatial, and Function-Related Outcomes: A Review

Background: Gait retraining using real-time biofeedback (RTB) may have positive outcomes in decreasing knee adduction moment (KAM) in healthy individuals and has shown equal likelihood in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Currently, there is no consensus regarding the most effective gait modification strategy, mode of biofeedback or treatment dosage. Objective : The purpose of this review was: i) to assess if gait retraining interventions using RTB are valuable to reduce KAM, pain, and improve function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of different gait modifications and modes of RTB in reducing KAM in healthy individuals, and iii) to assess the impact of gait retraining interventions with RTB on other variables that may affect clinical outcomes. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched using five search terms. Studies that utilized any form of gait retraining with RTB to improve one or a combination of the following measures were included: KAM, knee pain, and function. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, evaluating eleven distinctive gait modifications and three modes of RTB. Results: All but one study showed positive outcomes. Self-selected and multi-parameter gait modifications showed the greatest reductions in KAM with visual and haptic RTB being more effective than auditory. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that gait modification using RTB can Positively alter KAM in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants. However, the existing literature is limited and of low quality, with the optimal combination strategies remaining unclear (gait and biofeedback mode). Future studies should employ randomized controlled study designs to compare the effects of different gait modification strategies and biofeedback modes on individuals with knee OA.
Isotherm-Based Thermodynamic Model for Solute Activities of Asymmetric Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions

Adsorption isotherm-based statistical thermodynamic models can be used to determine solute concentration and solute and solvent activities in aqueous solutions. Recently, the number of adjustable parameters in the isotherm model of Dutcher et al. J. Phys. Chem. A/C 2011, 2012, 2013 were reduced for neutral solutes as well as symmetric 1:1 electrolytes by using a Coulombic model to describe the solute – solvent energy interactions (Ohm et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, Nandy et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2016). Here, the Coulombic treatment for symmetric electrolytes is extended to establish improved isotherm model equations for asymmetric 1-2 and 1-3 electrolyte systems. The Coulombic model developed here results in prediction of activities and other thermodynamic properties in multicomponent systems containing ions of arbitrary charge. The model is found to accurately calculate osmotic coefficient over the entire solute concentration range with two model parameters, related to intermolecular solute-solute and solu...
Effects of finishing diet on consumer assessment of beef from mature cull cows

• Consumer panelists (n = 120) were used to determine palatability of cooked steaks. Steaks were cooked to an internal temperature of 71°C using a model IRB-36 Imperial gas radiant broiler (Imperial Commercial Cooking Equipment, Corona, CA). After cooking, each steak was cut into 8 equal pieces with each consumer receiving 1 piece. A 100 mm line scale verbally anchored at both ends was used to evaluate samples for tenderness, juiciness, beef flavor liking, overall liking, and off flavor intensity.
Photography and Social Media Use in Community-Based Participatory Research with Youth: Ethical Considerations.

Community-based participatory researchers increasingly incorporate photography and social media into their work. Despite its relative infancy, social media has created a powerful network that allows individuals to convey messages quickly to a widespread audience. In addition to its potential benefits, the use of social media in research also carries risk, given the fast pace of exchanges, sharing of personal images and ideas in high accessibility, low privacy contexts and continually shifting options and upgrades. This article contributes to the literature examining ethical considerations for photography and social media use in community-based participatory research. We describe three key ethical dilemmas that we encountered during our participatory photography project with Latina/o youth: (a) use and content of images and risk; (b) incentives and coercion; and (c) social media activity and confidentiality. We provide our responses to these challenges, contextualized in theory and practice, and share lessons learned. We raise the question of how to contend with cultural shifts in boundaries and privacy. We propose that evaluating participant vulnerability versus potential empowerment may be more fitting than the standard approach of assessing risks and benefits. Finally, we recommend upholding the principles of participatory research by co-producing ethical practices with one's participants.
Raise Their Voices: The Link Between Motivating Language and Employee Voice

Employee voice – discretionary, upward directed, work related messages – is instrumental to many desirable employee and organizational outcomes including performance, organizational learning, and e...
Efecto del CaCl2 sobre el contenido de proteínas, prolina, acidez titulable, clorofila y contenido relativo de agua de Aloe vera expuesta a salinidad por NaCl

Con el fin de determinar el efecto del calcio sobre la fisiologia de Aloe vera sometida a dos niveles salinos(100 y 150 mmol.m-3 de NaCl), se determino el contenido relativo de agua del clorenquima (CRA), acideztitulable, pigmentos, proteinas y prolina (Pro) clorenquimatica a 25 plantas jovenes de dicha especie. Ningunode los tratamientos salinos con o sin adicion de calcio (NaCl+CaCl2) presento diferencias estadisticamentesignificativas sobre variables como el CRA y pigmentos (clorofilas a y b, clorofila total y carotenoides). Eltratamiento con NaCl provoco la disminucion en los valores de acidez titulable, contenido de proteinas yprolina. No obstante, al ser suplementadas con calcio y tratadas con las mismas concentraciones salinas, sealivian los sintomas causados por tal estres. Estos resultados indican que a una osmolaridad de 100 mmol.m-3de NaCl, presente en medio radical, al ser suplementado con 10 mmol.m-3 de CaCl2 resulta propicio para elcultivo de sabila en una zona donde se hallen problemas de sales disueltas en el suelo.
Estimating and understanding architectural risk

Designing a system in an era of rapidly evolving application behaviors and significant technology shifts involves taking on risk that a design will fail to meet its performance goals. While risk assessment and management are expected in both business and investment, these aspects are typically treated as independent to questions of performance and efficiency in architecture analysis. As hardware and software characteristics become uncertain (i.e., samples from a distribution), we demonstrate that the resulting performance distributions quickly grow beyond our ability to reason about with intuition alone. We further show that knowledge of the performance distribution can be used to significantly improve both the average case performance and minimize the risk of under-performance (which we term architectural risk). Our automated framework can be used to quantify the areas where trade-offs between expected performance and the “tail” of performance are most acute and provide new insights supporting architectural decision making (such as core selection) under uncertainty. Importantly it can do this even without a priori knowledge of an analytic model governing that uncertainty.CCS CONCEPTS• Computing methodologies → Uncertainty quantification; Modeling methodologies; • Computer systems organization→ Multicore architectures;
A universal relation for a chemomechanically changing rubber cylinder

Abstract This work studies a rubber cylinder that is held at a fixed uniaxial stretch, given a small amplitude twist and then increased in temperature to a regime where processes of scission and re-cross-linking of macromolecular network junctions take place. In particular, it examines the relation between the torsional stiffness and the axial force. When the uniaxial stretch and twist are held fixed, it is shown that Rivlin’s universal relation holds, i.e. there is a specific relation between the torsional stiffness and the axial force that is independent of material, temperature and time and depends only on the undeformed cylinder radius and the axial stretch ratio. Modifications to this relation are developed if the twist changes or the temperature is reduced to a level where the processes stop.
Effects of E-cigarette Advertising Message Form and Cues on Cessation Intention: An Exploratory Study

A common message in e-cigarette advertising is that e-cigarettes can be used anywhere. E-cigarette advertisements often express this message implicitly (e.g., “Whenever, wherever”) alongside images...
Side channel attacks on STTRAM and low-overhead countermeasures

Spin-Torque Transfer RAM (STTRAM) is a promising candidate for last level cache due to its high density, high endurance and low leakage. Although promising, STTRAM suffers from high write latency and write current. Additionally, the latency and current depends on the polarity of the data being written. These factors introduce security vulnerabilities and expose the cache memory to side channel attacks (SCA). In this paper we propose a SCA model where the adversary can monitor the supply current of the memory array to partially identify the sensitive cache data that is being read or written. We propose a suite of low-cost solutions such as short retention STTRAM, obfuscation of side channel using 1-bit parity and multi-bit random write, and, neutralizing the side channel using constant current write driver to mitigate the attack. Our analysis reveal that the 1-bit parity reduces the number of distinct write current states by 30% for 32-bit word and the current signature is further obfuscated by multi-bit random writes. Constant current write makes it more challenging for the attacker to extract the entire word using a single supply current signature.
Augmented Social Reality

One potential breakthrough application of real-time mobile device sensing data is the ability to effect changes in the social systems in real time. This data can come from devices that we carry with us anyway: our cell phones, our name tags, and other computing devices. As we have shown in previous work, by using this data in offline analysis we can use this information to not only identify social ties, but also the context of those ties. We discuss a model for how this data should be used to improve social system structure through augmented social reality.
Comparison and Evaluation of Experimental Studies on Dissolution of Minerals by Organic Acids

Numerous experiments have been conducted to study the interactions of organic acids and minerals in weathering and diagenetic processes. Most work has focused on feldspar dissolution by water-soluble organic acids. It has been proposed that simple carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic and oxalic) may complex with aluminum and increase the solubility and dissolution kinetics of feldspar. This would provide a mechanism for mobilizing aluminum and creating secondary porosity. In addition, dissolved organic species may act as proton donors and pore-fluid pH buffers.
Buddha's Advice to Students and Teachers of Mathematics.

SOME explanation for the existence of this article is in order. First, the Editor must be disposed of. My kindest advice to him is that he turn this over to the com positor, or file it in the nearest waste basket, and take a long walk. For on a previous occasion, which he doubtless has forgotten, he turned a requested article of mine over to one of the most dignified pedagogues in the teaching profession for bowdlerization. The outcome may be imagined. The present case differs from the former in one crucial technicality, which leaves the Editor ethically free to file this article as suggested. The article was indeed requested, but it was not the Editor who asked for it. Under the cir
Hirschsprung's Disease in Premature Infants: More Common Than We Thought.

Purpose: The incidence of Hirschsprung’s disease in premature infants remains relatively undefined, despite historical reports of its rarity. The purpose of this study is to investigate incidence and outcomes in this unique population. Methods: The Kids’ Inpatient Database from 2003-2012 was queried for premature infants (born < 37 weeks gestation) and those with Hirschsprung’s (ICD-9 751.3) were identified. Propensity score matching to …
Security Study of Service Worker Cross-Site Scripting.

Nowadays, modern websites are utilizing service workers to provide users with app-like functionalities such as offline mode and push notifications. To handle such features, the service worker is equipped with special privileges including HTTP traffic manipulation. Thus, it is designed with security as a priority. However, we find that many websites introduce a questionable practice that can jeopardize the security of a service worker. In this work, we demonstrate how this practice can result in a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack inside a service worker, allowing an attacker to obtain and leverage service worker privileges. Due to the uniqueness of these privileges, such attacks can lead to more severe consequences compared to a typical XSS attack. We term this type of vulnerability as Service Worker based Cross-Site Scripting (SW-XSS). To assess the real-world security impact, we develop a tool called SW-Scanner and use it to analyze top websites in the wild. Our findings reveal a worrisome trend. In total, we find 40 websites vulnerable to this attack including several popular and high ranking websites. Finally, we discuss potential defense solutions to mitigate the SW-XSS vulnerability.
Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders among Individuals Enrolled in an Emergency Response Program for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

Background:Psychiatric co-occurring disorders among individuals with opioid use disorder has primarily focused on epidemiological surveys of patients in continuous or long-term treatment, yet littl...
Is “Back to my Point” a Pragmatic Marker? An Inquiry into the Historical Development of some Metatextual Discourse Management Markers in English

Els marcadors de gestio del discurs (DMM) que “assenyalen un metacomentari sobre l’estructura del discurs” (Fraser 2009) estan ampliament provats per les dades historiques. La majoria de marcadors de gestio del discurs (per exemple, and, anyway, by the way, but, now, then) compleixen criteris ben coneguts per als marcadors pragmatics com la multifuncionalitat, l’opacitat, l’opcionalitat, la (inter)subjectivitat, la frequencia relativament alta i la brevetat. Tanmateix, diversos casos citats a Fraser (2009), molts d’aquests marcadors d’orientacio tematica, no els compleixen (per exemple, back to my original point, to return to my previous topic, if I might continue). Proposo que un acostament al desenvolupament dels DMM faci una distincio entre adverbis adjunts, adverbis conjunts i marcadors pragmatics (per exemple, Hasselgard 2010). Hipoteticament, el canvi pot seguir la tendencia: adverbis adjunts > adverbis conjunts (> DMM). Aquest enfocament explica canvis graduals de forma i significat, i es coherent amb una perspectiva d’us del llenguatge com a sistema dinamic basat en esdeveniments d’us (Kemmer & Barlow 1999; Langacker 2008).
Effects of preoperative visceral artery stenosis on target artery outcomes after fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Abstract Objective Target artery stenosis might affect the outcomes of fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (F-BEVAR). The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of preoperative stenosis of the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) on the target artery outcomes after F-BEVAR. Methods During a 4-year period, 287 consecutive patients, 204 men (71%) and 83 women (29%), had undergone F-BEVAR using fenestrated (83%), fenestrated-branched (4.5%), branched (3.5%), and off-the-shelf t-Branch (9%) devices (Cook Medical Inc, Bloomington, Ind). Preoperative SMA and CA significant stenosis was defined as a computed tomography angiography-based intraluminal diameter reduction >50%. The primary endpoints included primary patency, freedom from target vessel instability, and patient survival. Results The median patient age was 71 years (interquartile range, 67-77 years). Suprarenal (36%), juxtarenal (25%), and thoracoabdominal (39%) aortic aneurysms were treated. The technical success rate was 99%. The 30-day survival was 97%. Among 981 stented vessels, 179 (18%) were CAs and 270 (27.5%) were SMAs. Significant preoperative CA stenosis was identified in 39 patients (22%) and SMA stenosis in 24 (9%). The median follow-up was 29.9 months. The primary patency rates at 12, 36, and 60 months were 98%, 92%, and 92% for the CA and 99%, 98%, and 98% for the SMA, respectively. Primary patency was significantly lower in the patients with previous significant CA stenosis than in those without stenosis (83%, 83%, and 76% vs 100%, 100%, and 97% at 12, 36, and 60 months, respectively; P Conclusions F-BEVAR was associated with overall primary patency rates >90% for the CA and SMA. Preoperative CA stenosis was associated with lower primary patency and freedom from target vessel instability. In contrast, neither SMA branch primary patency nor freedom from target vessel instability were affected by preoperative SMA stenosis. We found visceral artery stenosis was a marker of atherosclerosis burden associated with reduced mid- and long-term patient survival.
Geographic Disparities in Donor Lung Allocation before and after the November 2017 Change

Purpose On November 24th 2017, the primary allocation unit was expanded from the donation service area (DSA) to a 250 mile radius from the donor. In the DSA based allocation system, geographic disparities in donor lung availability (DLA) impacted waitlist outcomes. We sought to investigate if the new allocation system improved these disparities. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the 2 yr period before (Nov 2015-2017) and after the change (Nov 2017-2019). DLA was defined as the ratio of donor lungs in the primary allocation unit to the number of waitlist candidates. We divided transplant centers into quartiles of DLA and used multivariable competing risk models to examine the association between DLA and waitlist outcomes before and after the change. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards to compare post-transplant survival. Results In the 2015-2017 cohort, there were 6720 patients with a median DLA of 160.5 (IQR: 79.8-383.0) compared to 7269 patients with median DLA of 143.3 (IQR: 115.0-198.5) from 2017- 2019. Relative to the highest quartile of DLA, the lowest quartile (indicating area with the fewest donors per waitlist candidate) had a 142% increased risk of death (HR: 2.42, CI: 1.66-3.55) in 2015-2017 compared to only a 39% increased risk of death (HR 1.39, CI: 1.09-1.78, p=0.007) in 2017-2019. When compared to the highest quartile of DLA, the lowest quartile of DLA had a 66% decreased risk of transplant (HR 0.34, CI: 0.31-0.38) in 2015-2017 and a 42% decreased risk of transplant (HR 0.58, CI: 0.54-0.63) in 2017-2019. There was no significant difference in post-transplant survival. The mean±SD LAS at transplant was 49.5± 19.1 and 43.7±14.9 in the highest and lowest quartiles from 2015-2017, compared with 50.0±19.2 and 47.3±17.6 from 2017-2019. Conclusion Although the expansion of the primary allocation unit improved geographic disparities in waitlist outcomes without a change in post-transplant survival, there still remain differences in waitlist mortality and transplant rate due to geography
Pregnancy and Heart Disease

Cardiac disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. Physiologic changes in pregnancy predispose women toward cardiac complications. Evaluation and diagnosis of heart disease in pregnancy can be challenging given the similarities of pregnancy symptoms to those of cardiovascular disease. Many cardiac disorders arise in the third trimester and immediate postpartum period including peripartum cardiomyopathy, hypertension, aortic dissection, complications of valvular heart disease, acute coronary artery syndrome, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, arrhythmia, and venous thromboembolism. Cardiovascular medication management in pregnancy needs to consider necessity, timing during gestation, fetal or infant effects, and urgency.
Heterogeneous parallel programming in Jade

The authors present Jade, a high-level parallel programming language for managing course-grain concurrency. Jade simplifies programming by providing the programmer with the abstractions of sequential execution and a shared address space. Jade programmers augment sequential, imperative programs with constructs that declare how parts of the program access data; the Jade implementation dynamically interprets this information to execute the program in parallel. This parallel execution preserves the serial semantics of the original program. Jade has been implemented as an extension to C on shared-memory multiprocessors, a message-passing machine, networks of heterogeneous workstations, and systems with special-purpose functional units. Programs written in Jade run on all of these platforms without modification.