cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive video coding and transmission over heterogeneous wired-to-wireless IP networks using an edge proxy

Digital video delivered over wired-to-wireless networks is expected to suffer quality degradation from both packet loss and bit errors in the payload. In this paper, the quality degradation due to packet loss and bit errors in the payload are quantitatively evaluated and their effects are assessed. We propose the use of a concatenated forward error correction (FEC) coding scheme employing Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes to protect the video data from packet loss and bit errors, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of a joint source-channel coding (JSCC) approach employing this concatenated FEC coding scheme for video transmission is studied. Finally, we describe an improved end-to-end architecture using an edge proxy in a mobile support station to implement differential error protection for the corresponding channel impairments expected on the two networks. Results indicate that with an appropriate JSCC approach and the use of an edge proxy, FEC-based error-control techniques together with passive error-recovery techniques can significantly improve the effective video throughput and lead to acceptable video delivery quality over time-varying heterogeneous wired-to-wireless IP networks.
Nurses’ Widespread Job Dissatisfaction, Burnout, And Frustration With Health Benefits Signal Problems For Patient Care

Job dissatisfaction among nurses contributes to costly labor disputes, turnover, and risk to patients. Examining survey data from 95,499 nurses, we found much higher job dissatisfaction and burnout among nurses who were directly caring for patients in hospitals and nursing homes than among nurses working in other jobs or settings, such as the pharmaceutical industry. Strikingly, nurses are particularly dissatisfied with their health benefits, which highlights the need for a benefits review to make nurses’ benefits more comparable to those of other white-collar employees. Patient satisfaction levels are lower in hospitals with more nurses who are dissatisfied or burned out—a finding that signals problems with quality of care. Improving nurses’ working conditions may improve both nurses’ and patients’ satisfaction as well as the quality of care.
Abstract 15720: Synergistic Effect of Acetylation and Methylation Modifiers in Attenuating Lung Vascular Hyperpermeability in Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammatory Lung Injury

Background: Migration of fluid and inflammatory cells across vascular endothelial barrier is crucial in pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis. Currently no treatment can effectively improve the profound dysregulation of lung endothelial barrier in ALI. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that combinatorial treatment with DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-Aza 2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) would synergistically preserve lung microvascular endothelial barrier function. Methods and Results: The trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER) and capillary filtration coefficient (K fc ) data show that in LPS-exposed endothelial cells and mice, therapy with Aza+TSA leads to a significant decrease in lung microvascular permeability as compared with either alone. The ChiP data show that the VE-cadherin promoter region was more acetylated at histone 3 in LPS-induced lung ECs treated with Aza+TSA than either alone. In an ALI mouse model, post-injury treatment with a single dose of Aza+TSA prevented lung injury and afforded a significantly higher survival rate (80%) as compared with mice treated with either Aza or TSA alone. These effects were mediated by a significant attenuation of adverse lung histopathological changes and preservation of endothelial barrier integrity. Aza+TSA also significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration in the ALI model. The RT-PCR array data revealed that 42 inflammation-related miRNAs were differentially expressed in LPS-induced endothelial cells, among which miRNA-92a, 125b, 133a, 146, 214, 222, and 424 were strongly upregulated. Importantly, Aza+TSA treatment significantly reduced the expression of these miRNAs. The protection was ascribed to inhibition of the eNOS-Cav1-MLC2 signaling pathway and enhanced acetylation of histone markers on the VE-cadherin promoter. Conclusions: These data for the first time show the efficacy of synergistic effect of Aza+TSA therapy in preventing ALI in LPS-induced endotoxemia, and raise the possibility of an essential role of DNMT and HDAC in pathogenesis of ALI. This novel combinatorial regimen may improve and prolong the lives of people with ALI.
A Transaction Cost Analysis of Secondary vs. Unlicensed Spectrum Use

The development of secondary spectrum access raises numerous technical, institutional, and economic issues. Transaction costs of the market mechanism and potential interference from spectrum sharing are among the issues of concern. Both transaction costs and uncertainty due to interference must be reasonable for secondary spectrum use to become practical. The focus of this paper is to study trade-offs between using the market mechanism of secondary spectrum use and the non-market mechanism of unlicensed spectrum access. If the transaction costs of secondary use are relatively high, then allocating additional spectrum for unlicensed use may be more desirable. The expansion of unlicensed access, however, may be appropriate only in certain circumstances. We show that the additional unlicensed spectrum is highly beneficial to spectrum users with small coverage area in a high density setting, whereas the secondary spectrum use is a preferred method for spectrum users with large coverage area and rigid application requirements.
Interdisciplinary Teaching Tools for Economics 101: Gateway Concepts of Quality of Life & Capitalism

Economics instructors who start their courses with abstract concepts, definitions, charts, and astronomical numbers often miss the invaluable first-impression opportunity. This paper addresses the lack of appropriate gateway-transitional-interdisciplinary concepts in introductory economics courses by suggesting the Quality of Life (QOL) and Democratic Capitalism as two effective teaching-tool candidates. Economics is only one of life's domains, and an important one, as it influences our QOL through macroeconomic polices and microeconomic principles, affecting inflation and unemployment status, and in turn, our standard of living. Similar to the Circular Flow diagram, democratic capitalism is illustrated using three intersecting circles of Venn-diagram. The overlapping sections of three circles (Private control, State control, and Property control) are the four pillars of capitalism (free market, democracy, limited government, and private property rights).
Circadian Clock Resetting in Humans by Extraocular Light Exposure

Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated oscillations of about twenty-four hours that provide temporal structure to a wide range of behavioral and physiological functions. Because the endogenous clock tends to run at a period close to, but not exactly 24 hours, a daily adjustment is required to synchronize, or entrain circadian rhythms to the external environment. The natural light/dark cycle is the most important signal for ensuring such entrainment, and many vertebrate and non-vertebrate species possess multiple photoreceptor systems through which circadian entrainment may be achieved (1). In the house sparrow, for example, three discrete input pathways for light to act on the circadian system have been identified (2). Similarly, a number of fish, amphibian and reptile species have extraocular and extrapineal pathways for circadian light transduction (3). Indeed, a host of species possess functional extraocular pathways for circadian entrainment by light, even in the presence of ocular photoreceptors that are capable of mediating the entraining influence of light (4).
Development of a Novel Hyperspectral Darkfield Microscopy System for Characterization of Nanoparticle Sensors

We present a novel hyperspectral darkfield microscopy scheme that utilizes an epi-illumination light train for improved characterization of the sensing capacity of noble metal nanoparticles. Validation experiments are presented to characterize the new system.
Minireview: Prognostic factors and the response to hydroxurea treatment in sickle cell disease.

This review describes current considerations in the use of hydroxyurea for the management of sickle cell disease in the context of clinical severity. Randomized trials of hydroxyurea have generally...
Probabilistic analysis of chatter stability in turning

In practical engineering, randomness of the parameters (mass, stiffness, and cutting coefficients) significantly impacts the stability of turning processes. In this study, the method involving the probabilistic analysis of the regenerative chatter stability in turning is comprehensively investigated. Considering the influences of random factors, the probability characteristic of the regenerative chatter stability in turning is studied using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method and advanced first order second moment (FOSM) method. Dynamic model of regenerative chatter in turning is obtained, and the relationship between the limiting width of cut for stable machining and the rotation speed of the spindle is acquired based on the Laplace transform. The MCS and advanced FOSM methods for predicting the reliability of the stability in turning are proposed by identifying whether the actual cutting width is less than the limiting width of cut. Finally, practical applications and a detailed analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods are discussed.
The Role of Portland State University as a Community Partner in Addressing Homelessness

This paper explores the role of Portland State University as a community partner in addressing the issue of homelessness. The research includes a literature review, findings from a 10-month participant observation study, and interviews with community and academic leaders. The findings from the study focus on community needs, which include having a citizenry educated on issues of poverty and homelessness; having vocal support for public policies that serve people who are homeless; insight from research; and having labor to get work done. The research findings also focus on university needs, which include classroom curriculum centered on poverty and homelessness; service opportunities for students; research partnerships for faculty and students; fieldwork locations; and affordable housing for students and their families. Recommendations are given for how Portland State University can better partner with the community to address homelessness. These recommendations first suggest studying the impact of university-community partnerships from the perspective of individuals living in homelessness. Recommendations also include establishing committed senior capstones focused on different aspects of homelessness in Portland; increasing course offerings on poverty and homelessness; developing a stronger connection between the Office of Research and Strategic Partnerships and community organizations; and forming student organizations that focus on homelessness. Finally, recommendations suggest looking to PSU’s School of Social Work for guidance on how to build successful partnerships that serve individuals living in homelessness. PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY AS A COMMUNITY PARTNER 4
VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty

Thoracic insufficiency syndrome results when deformity of the young spine and associated rib cage abnormalities cause loss of volume and function of the growing thorax, often affecting its ability to grow with the patient, with secondary compromise in growth of the underlying lungs. Disease categories most likely to cause this include fused ribs and congenital scoliosis, absence of ribs, neuromuscular or syndromic scoliosis, and hypoplastic thorax conditions such as Jeune’s asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy and Jarcho-Levin syndrome. VEPTR expansion thoracoplasties enable enlargement of the thorax in these conditions, with maintenance of gains through outpatient surgical lengthening of implanted devices, resulting in improvement in clinical pulmonary health and survival rates.
Recent Philosophical Work on the Doctrine of the Eucharist

The doctrine of the Eucharist has been one of the more fruitful locales of philosophical reflection within Christian theology. The central philosophical question has been, ‘what is the state of affairs such that it is apt to say of a piece of bread, “This is the body of Christ”?’ In this article, I offer a delineation of various families of answers to this question as they have been proffered in the history of the church. These families are distinguished by how they view the presence of the body of Christ as well as the continued presence of the bread and wine after consecration. I then provide a specific examination of some recent attempts to explicate these views. A number of the recent work has focused on the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but I also survey consubstantiation, transignification, and a recent revival of impanation as potential means for describing the metaphysical realities of the Eucharist.
The “New” Genetics and Its Impact on Oral Care Delivery

We are entering an age where health care providers, patients, and inevitably insurers will have access to unprecedented amounts of patient-level information from genetic sources that have a direct bearing on a patient’s risk, prognosis, and response to potential treatment for a number of diseases. This era of new genetics offers an implicit promise that with such detailed data will come improvements in patient outcomes. As the realization of the complexity of genomic data grows, the time at which the new genetics actually provides us with affordable and actionable information that improves patient outcomes is continually being pushed back. The degree to which clinical dental practice will be transformed by genomic science will depend ultimately on yet unanswered questions involving not just how fast these technology changes occur but also on the degree that we understand and manage associated issues, including patient ethics, dental care financing, dentist training, and effective use of the electronic health record.
The economic impact of a new solar power plant in Arizona: Comparing the input‐output results generated by JEDI vs. IMPLAN

As an increasingly adopted renewable energy resource, solar power has a high potential for carbon emission reduction and economic development. This paper calculates the impact on job, income and output creation of a new solar power plant in an input-output framework. The contribution is twofold. First, we compare the multipliers generated by the construction and operation/maintenance of a plant located in California with those it would have generated had it been built in Arizona. Second, we point out the differences in the results obtained with the popular IMPLAN software from those we get with the solar photovoltaic model of JEDI.
The continuing evolution of race and sentencing research and reviews of this research

Abstract This commentary is a reaction to Professor Franklin's review of the race and sentencing research. Franklin's review summarizes many key findings from five generations of race and sentencing research. The most central of which is that this body of research relatively consistently finds evidence of racial/ethnic disparities, disadvantaging African Americans and Hispanics, in sentencing. These disparities are generally small but grow in magnitude in certain contexts (e.g., when minority status is combined with employment status, gender and age). Yet, Franklin's review fails to mention some important contexts in which disparities are pronounced, most notably in drug offenses. The failure to mention such an important finding may be due to the review's narrative methodology—a methodology that is common in criminology but has several known shortcomings. Further, Professor Franklin's review does not offer a solution to the persistent problem of minority sentencing disparities. This commentary concludes with a proposed solution to this problem.
Reactions for A Particular Type of Unsymmetrical Arch

If an unsymmetrical arch is of such form that its axis may be obtained by any number of parallel projections from the axis of a symmetrical arch, and the ratio of the length of each element of the ...
A Mix of Species: Associations of Heterospecifics Among Primates and Dolphins

Among mammals, associations of two or more species are likely to involve taxa that are also gregarious intraspecifically, such as primates and delphinids. Although these two groups generally differ in habitat, diet, and the stability of their social units, they share mixed-species association as a conspicuous aspect of their behavior. We compare the general features of such associations in both groups and review the evidence for particular adaptive explanations and proximate mechanisms. On the whole, delphinid associations seem more likely to involve fluid individual membership and hybridization. Random chance seems unlikely to explain many associations in both taxa, but it can be challenging to rule out a shared attraction to environmental features as a driver. Both antipredator and foraging-benefit functions of mixed-species grouping are more directly supported for primates than for dolphins but are plausible adaptive explanations for both groups. Costs of association are better supported in primates, which face feeding competition and increased energetic burden; for dolphins, these costs appear to be minimal, and direct heterospecific social interactions, including harassment, may be more important. Vocal and visual signals may mediate associations, but comparatively little is known about such proximate mechanisms in comparison to adaptive function. Future study of delphinid associations will benefit from some of the approaches taken by primatologists, including the comparison of animals in and out of association, the correlation of association with environmental variables, and the comparison of different communities with different demographic or ecological characteristics.
Outcomes of Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve Implantation in Patients With Ebstein Anomaly

We sought to describe the acute results and short- to medium-term durability of transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve (TVIV) implantation within surgical bioprostheses among patients with Ebstein anomaly (EA). Cases were identified from a voluntary, multicenter, international registry of 29 institutions that perform TVIV. Demographic, clinical, procedural, and follow-up data were analyzed. Eighty-one patients with EA underwent TVIV from 2008 to 2016. Thirty-four patients (42%) were New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3/4 at time of TVIV. The most common indication for TVIV was the presence of moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation (40%). Most patients received a Melody valve (64%). TVIV was ultimately successful in all patients, and there was no procedural mortality. Four patients (5%) developed acute valve thrombosis, 4 patients (5%) developed endocarditis, and 9 patients (11%) developed valve dysfunction not related to thrombosis or endocarditis. Eight patients (10%) underwent reintervention (2 transcatheter, 6 surgical) due to thrombosis (3), endocarditis (2), other valve dysfunction (2), and patient-prosthesis mismatch without valve dysfunction (1). Among 69 patients who were alive without reintervention at latest follow-up, 96% of those with NYHA status reported were class 1/2, a significant improvement from baseline (62% NYHA class 1/2, p <0.001). In conclusion, transcatheter TVIV offers a low-risk, minimally invasive alternative to surgical tricuspid valve re-replacement in patients with EA and a failing tricuspid valve bioprosthesis.
Preventing damage and redeposition during focused ion beam milling: The "umbrella" method.

Abstract Focused ion beam (FIB) milling has enabled the development of key microstructure characterization techniques (e.g. 3D electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), 3D scanning electron microscopy imaging, site-specific sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy, site-specific atom probe tomography), and micro-mechanical testing techniques (e.g. micro-pillar compression, micro-beam bending, in-situ TEM nanoindentation). Yet, in most milling conditions, some degree of FIB damage is introduced via material redeposition, Ga+ ion implantation or another mechanism. The level of damage and its influence vary strongly with milling conditions and materials characteristics, and cannot always be minimized. Here, a masking technique is introduced, that employs standard FIB-SEM equipment to protect specific surfaces from redeposition and ion implantation. To investigate the efficiency of this technique, high angular resolution EBSD (HR-EBSD) has been used to monitor the quality of the top surface of several micro-pillars, as they were created by milling a ringcore hole in a stress-free silicon wafer, with or without protection due to an “umbrella”. HR-EBSD provides a high-sensitivity estimation of the amount of FIB damage on the surface. Without the umbrella, EBSD patterns are severely influenced, especially within 5 µm of the milled region. With an optimized umbrella, sharp diffraction patterns are obtained near the hole, as revealed by average cross correlation factors greater than 0.9 and equivalent phantom strains of the order 2 × 10−4. Thus, the umbrella method is an efficient and versatile tool to support a variety of FIB based techniques.
Signal Conductors Over a Noisy Reference Plane

To obtain a high system operating frequency, both integrated circuit and multi-chip module integration levels have increased. Higher levels of integration puts stronger requirements on overall noise level for reliable operation of devices that are integrated within a system. Often in practice the worst case Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN), and Coupled Noise (CN) are calculated independently, and these values are added to the overall noise budget calculations. With increase in device/chip integration, simple addition of worst case coupled and switching noise over-estimates their effect, and may demand a decrease in the system operating speed for reliable operation of these devices. It is essential to model the overall noise level with actual driver/receiver circuits, and using a detailed chip-package interface model. This is because the dynamic noise immunity of the input receiver not only depends on the amplitude of the noise spike but also on its pulse width [9.1]. In this chapter, a method of modeling and simulation of coupled transmission line interconnects over a noisy reference plane is presented. Limitations in using conventional coupled transmission line simulators to model signal propagation over a noisy reference plane are explained. A distributed lumped element circuit model including reference plane parasitics and associated coupling (to signal conductors) parasitics is developed, and verified using SPICE simulations.
Review of Statistical Methods for Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis

Complex diseases are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, creating a challenge for understanding the disease mechanisms. Understanding the interplay between genes and environmental factors is important, as genes do not operate in isolation but rather in complex networks and pathways influenced by environmental factors. The advent of new technologies has made a massive amount of genetic data available, and various statistical methods have been developed to analyze genetic data and to identify interactions between genes and the environment, i.e., gene-environment (G-E) interactions. In this review article, we introduce various statistical methods for identifying G-E interactions using case-control designs. We review a range of disease risk models for modeling the joint effects of genetic and environmental factors such as multiplicative and additive models. We then introduce various inference methods under these disease risk models, which include a standard prospective likelihood, case-only designs, a retrospective likelihood that exploits a gene-environment independence assumption to boost power, and an empirical Bayes type approach that uses the independence assumption in a data-adaptive way. Several tests for detecting genetic associations in the presence of G-E interactions are also introduced, which include a joint test and a maximum score test that provides a unified approach by integrating a class of disease risk models to maximize over a class of score tests. There are several challenges of G-E interaction analysis that include replication issues. While more powerful statistical methods for detecting interactions are helpful, ultimately studies with larger sample sizes are needed to identify interactions through consortium-based studies to achieve adequate power for G-E analysis.
Accurate Resampling of Top- $k$ Monitoring Reports Using Unreported Residual Resource Consumption

Top- k reports are compound metrics that provide useful information when diagnosing problems in a system, e.g., to identify persistent CPU usage by a process. In large systems, these reports are collected at regular intervals and need to be resampled to reduce the bitrate of the data, to answer user queries for different sampling periods, or to save space and make it possible to keep historical data for long term performance analysis. However, resampling top- k reports, i.e., aggregating several reports collected for small time intervals into a single top- k report can introduce inaccuracies. For example, a process that consistently uses CPU over the aggregation interval but is not included in the short term top- k reports will be missing from the aggregated report. In this paper, we present an algorithm that collects top- k reports at regular intervals and can aggregate them with little or no error. This is accomplished by including residual resource consumption of unreported, but potentially significant entities in the top- k reports, and using these residual values during aggregation. We show different approaches to including residual resource consumption in individual top- k reports, analyze the error introduced, the parameters with which the algorithm’s efficiency can be tuned, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in a real-world scenario.
Inhomogeneous reduction and its relation to grain growth of titania during flash sintering

Abstract Flash sintering under DC electric field partially reduces titania (rutile) and promotes abnormal grain growth near the anode. The resulting reduction in grain boundary density reduces the number of vacancy traps and enhances the O2− ion conductivity through the specimen, facilitating greater non-stoichiometry. The observed gradient of densification and grain-growth across the two ends has been linked to the Peltier effect which causes heating at the anode-electrode junction and cooling at the cathode-electrode junction.
Influence of stroke-related impairments on performance in 6-minute walk test

The 6-minute walk test is a clinical measure of endurance, but it is not known if it is useful for individuals with mobility impairments secondary to stroke. Purposes of this study were to assess which stroke-related physical impairments influence performance in the 6-minute walk test and to evaluate if this test provides a measure of functional walking endurance after stroke. Seventy-two adults poststroke completed the 6-minute walk as part of baseline testing for a randomized intervention clinical trial. Pulse and blood pressure were taken before and after the walk. Subjects walked an average of 216 m in 6 minutes. The Fugl-Meyer lower-limb motor score and the Berg Balance score explained 45 percent of the variance in distance walked. Pulse and systolic blood pressure increased significantly with the 6-minute walk. Neuromuscular impairments poststroke contribute to diminished performance in the 6-minute walk test. Pulse and blood pressure pre- and posttesting can indicate cardiovascular stress.
Widespread nitrogen fixation in sediments from diverse deep-sea sites of elevated carbon loading

Nitrogen fixation, the biological conversion of N_2 to NH_3, is critical to alleviating nitrogen limitation in many marine ecosystems. To date, few measurements exist of N_2 fixation in deep‐sea sediments. Here, we conducted > 400 bottle incubations with sediments from methane seeps, whale falls and background sites off the western coast of the United States from 600 to 2893 m water depth to investigate the potential rates, spatial distribution and biological mediators of benthic N_2 fixation. We found that N2 fixation was widespread, yet heterogeneously distributed with sediment depth at all sites. In some locations, rates exceeded previous measurements by > 10×, and provided up to 30% of the community anabolic growth requirement for nitrogen. Diazotrophic activity appeared to be inhibited by pore water ammonium: N_2 fixation was only observed if incubation ammonium concentrations were ≤ 25 μM, and experimental additions of ammonium reduced diazotrophy. In seep sediments, N_2 fixation was dependent on CH_4 and coincident with sulphate reduction, consistent with previous work showing diazotrophy by microorganisms mediating sulphate‐coupled methane oxidation. However, the pattern of diazotrophy was different in whale‐fall and associated reference sediments, where it was largely unaffected by CH_4, suggesting catabolically different diazotrophs at these sites.
MAP Kinases in Plant Responses to Herbivory

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are signal transducing enzymes involved in many plant responses to the environment including defense responses to herbivory. Phytophagous insects generate various plantand insect-derived primary signals such as the plant signaling peptide systemin, mechanical wound signals, and fatty acid-amino acid conjugates. These signals activate a set of specific MAPKs. Reducing the function of these MAPKs impairs the synthesis of secondary stress signals including the key wound signal jasmonic acid, which is required for the upregulation of defense proteins. Consequently, loss-of-MAPKfunction results in reduced resistance of plants to herbivorous insects. Insectresponsive MAPKs also function as essential signaling relays in defense responses to pathogens and abiotic stress. It is a major challenge for future research to unravel the molecular mechanisms that perceive and integrate stress signals to generate stimulus-specific MAPK signaling patterns which result in specific cellular defense responses.
The Professionalization of Science Studies: Cutting Some Slack

During the past hundred years or so, those scholars studying science have isolated themselves as much as possible from scientists as well as from workers in other disciplines who study science. The result of this effort is history of science, philosophy of science and sociology of science as separate disciplines. I argue in this paper that now is the time for these disciplinary boundaries to be lowered or at least made more permeable so that a unified discipline of Science Studies might emerge. I discuss representative problems that stand in the way of such an integration. These problems may seem so formidable in the abstract that no one in their right mind would waste their time trying to bring about a unified field of Science Studies. However, those of us who limit ourselves to the study of the biological sciences have already formed a society in which workers from all disciplines can share their expertise -- the International Society for the History, Philosophy and Social Studies of Science.
Strong reducibilities in α- and β-recursion theory

We start an investigation of strong reducibilities in α- and β-recursion theory. In particular, we study Myhill's Theorem about recursive isomorphisms (A≤1 B & B≤1 A A ≡ B), and show that it holds for a limit ordinal β if and only if σlcfβ=ω. (In particular, it fails for all admissible α>ω.) We point out a consequence for Open image in new window -sets (n≥2) under V=L.
Air quality and presence of air ventilation systems inside waterpipe cafés in North Carolina.

Background After North Carolina (NC) fire inspectors detected unsafe carbon monoxide (CO) levels inside several waterpipe cafes, the state fire code was amended to include provisions regulating waterpipe cafes, adding a requirement for air ventilation. These regulations apply to new buildings constructed after 1 January 2016, but can be enforced for older buildings where there exists a distinct hazard to life. We measured air quality at a sample of waterpipe cafes before and after the starting date of this regulation and collected information on presence of air ventilation. Methods Air quality (CO, fine particulate matter (PM2.5)) monitoring was conducted inside and outside of six waterpipe cafes in NC in September of 2015 (time 1) and September of 2016 (time 2). In addition, questionnaires were administered to managers from each waterpipe cafe at time 2 to determine the presence of air ventilation systems. Results Elevated levels of CO and PM2.5 were found inside waterpipe cafes at time 1 (median CO=42 ppm; median PM2.5=379.3 µg/m3) and time 2 (median CO=65 ppm; median PM2.5=484.0 µg/m3), with no significant differences between time periods (p>0.05). Indoor levels were significantly higher than levels outside cafes at both time periods (p Conclusions Unsafe levels of CO and PM2.5 were observed in waterpipe cafes in NC, despite reported use of air ventilation systems. Prohibiting indoor waterpipe smoking may be necessary to ensure clean air for employees and patrons.
High Capacity Wireless Networks through Collaboration and Intelligent Information Storage

A significant portion of today’s network traffic is due to recurring downloads of popular content (e.g., movies, video clips and daily news). It has been observed that replicating the latter in caches installed at the network edge -close to the users-can drastically reduce network bandwidth usage and improve content access delay. The key technical issues in emergent caching architectures relate to the following questions: where to install caches, what content and for how long to cache, and how to manage the routing of content within the network. In this talk, an overview of caching is provided, starting with generic architectures that can be applied to different networking environments, and moving to emerging architectures that enable caching in wireless networks (e.g., at cellular base stations and WiFi access points). Novel challenges arise in the latter due to the inadequacy of wireless resources and their broadcast nature, the frequent hand-offs between different cells for mobile users, as well as the specific requirements of different types of user applications, such as video streaming. We will present our recent results on innovative caching approaches that (i) harvest idle user-owned cache space and bandwidth, (ii) leverage the broadcast nature of the wireless medium to serve concurrent requests for content (iii) exploit the regularity of user mobility patterns, and (iv) apply advanced video encoding techniques to support multiple video qualities (e.g., screen sizes, frame rates, or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) qualities). These are cutting-edge approaches that can achieve significant performance and cost-reduction benefits over the state-of-the-art methods.
Evaluating spatial-keyword queries on streaming data

This paper provides an extensive experimental evaluation for different spatial-keyword index structures on streaming data. We extend existing snapshot spatial-keyword queries with the temporal dimension to effectively serve streaming data applications. Then, the major index structures are equipped with efficient query processing techniques and evaluated to process the extended queries. The evaluation is oriented towards a system building perspective to provide system builders with insights on supporting scalable spatial-keyword queries on fast data streams, e.g., social media streams and news streams. In particular, we have taken existing spatial-keyword index structures apart into four major building blocks that are commonly supported at a system-level. Ten different index structures are then composed as combinations of these four building blocks. The ten indexes are wholly residents in main-memory, and they are evaluated on real datasets and query locations. The index performance is measured in terms of data digestion rate in real time, main-memory footprint, and query latency. The results show the relative performance gains of both basic and hybrid index structures with abundant insights from a system point of view.
The Picasso Application Framework

PICASSO is a graphical user interface development system that includes an interface toollkit and an application framework. The application framework provides high-level abstractions including modal dialog boxes and non-modal frames and panels similar to conventional programming language procedures and co-routines. These abstractions can be used to define objects that have local variables and that can be called with parameters. PICASSO also has a constraint system that is used to bind program variables to widgets, to implement triggered behaviors, and to implement multiple views of data. The system is implemented in Common Lisp using the Common Lisp Object System and the CLX interface to the X Window System. Keywords: Graphical User Interface Development Environment, Application Framework, User Interface Toolkit, User Interfaces.
Cycloaddition chemistry of organic molecules with semiconductor surfaces.

Recent investigations have shown that cycloaddition reactions, widely used in organic chemistry to form ring compounds, can also be applied to link organic molecules to the (001) surfaces of crystalline silicon, germanium, and diamond. While these surfaces are comprised of SiSi, GeGe, and CC structural units that resemble the CC bonds of organic alkenes, the rates and mechanisms of the surface reactions show some distinct differences from those of their organic counterparts This article reviews recent studies of [2 + 2], [4 + 2] Diels−Alder, and other cycloaddition reactions of organic molecules with semiconductor surfaces and summarizes the current understanding of the reaction pathways.
Notch signaling is required for survival of the germline stem cell lineage in testes of Drosophila melanogaster

In all metazoan species, sperm is produced from germline stem cells. These self-renew and produce daughter cells that amplify and differentiate dependent on interactions with somatic support cells. In the male gonad of Drosophila melanogaster, the germline and somatic cyst cells co-differentiate as cysts, an arrangement in which the germline is completely enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions from the cyst cells. Notch is a developmentally relevant receptor in a pathway requiring immediate proximity with the signal sending cell. Here, we show that Notch is expressed in the cyst cells of wild-type testes. Notch becomes activated in the transition zone, an apical area of the testes in which the cyst cells express stage-specific transcription factors and the enclosed germline finalizes transit-amplifying divisions. Reducing the ligand Delta from the germline cells via RNA-Interference or reducing the receptor Notch from the cyst cells via CRISPR resulted in cell death concomitant with loss of germline cells from the transition zone. This shows that Notch signaling is essential for the survival of the germline stem cell lineage.
Globally regional life cycle analysis of automotive lithium-ion nickel manganese cobalt batteries

Electric vehicles based on lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have seen rapid growth over the past decade as they are viewed as a cleaner alternative to conventional fossil-fuel burning vehicles, especially for local pollutant (nitrogen oxides [NOx], sulfur oxides [SOx], and particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 and 10 μm [PM2.5 and PM10]) and CO2 emissions. However, LIBs are known to have their own energy and environmental challenges. This study focuses on LIBs made of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), since they currently dominate the United States (US) and global automotive markets and will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. The effects of globalized production of NMC, especially LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111), are examined, considering the potential regional variability at several important stages of production. This study explores regional effects of alumina reduction and nickel refining, along with the production of NMC cathode, battery cells, and battery management systems. Of primary concern is how production of these battery materials and components in different parts of the world may impact the battery’s life cycle pollutant emissions and total energy and water consumption. Since energy sources for heat and electricity generation are subject to great regional variation, we anticipated significant variability in the energy and emissions associated with LIB production. We configured Argonne National Laboratory’s Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET®) model as the basis for this study with key input data from several world regions. In particular, the study examined LIB production in the US, China, Japan, South Korea, and Europe, with details of supply chains and the electrical grid in these regions. Results indicate that 27-kWh automotive NMC111 LIBs produced via a European-dominant supply chain generate 65 kg CO2e/kWh, while those produced via a Chinese-dominant supply chain generate 100 kg CO2e/kWh. Further, there are significant regional differences for local pollutants associated with LIB, especially SOx emissions related to nickel production. We find that no single regional supply chain outperforms all others in every evaluation metric, but the data indicate that supply chains powered by renewable electricity provide the greatest emission reduction potential.
Resident identified strengths and challenges of project-based permanent supportive housing program implementation in a small metropolitan county

: Permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs modeled in the Housing First approach have been widely implemented in the United States for housing individuals who have experienced chronic ho...
A General Method to Damp Wind Turbine SSR with Different Transmission Systems

This paper presents a general method to damp subsynchronous resonance (SSR) of type-III and type-IV wind turbines with different types of transmission systems. The method is based on reshaping the output impedance of wind turbines through a supplementary damping function added to existing turbine electrical control system. The types of transmission systems considered include long overhead transmission lines, overhead lines with series compensation, as well as high-voltage dc transmission.
Circadian Gene Expression Rhythms During Critical Illness.

Objectives Core clock genes regulate tissue-specific transcriptome oscillations that synchronize physiologic processes throughout the body, held in phase by the central circadian rhythm. The central circadian rhythm rapidly dampens with onset of critical illness, but the effect of critical illness on gene expression oscillations is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the rhythmicity and phase coherence of core clock genes and the broader transcriptome after onset of critical illness. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting ICUs and hospital clinical research unit. Patients Critically ill patients within the first day of presenting from the community and healthy volunteers. Interventions Usual care (critically ill patients) and modified constant routine (healthy volunteers). Measurements and main results We studied 15 critically ill patients, including 10 with sepsis and five with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 11 healthy controls. The central circadian rhythm and rest-activity rhythms were profiled by continuous wrist actigraphy, and serum melatonin sampled every 2 hours along with whole blood for RNA isolation over 24 hours. The gene expression transcriptome was obtained by RNA sequencing. Core clock genes were analyzed for rhythmicity by cosinor fit. Significant circadian rhythmicity was identified in five of six core clock genes in healthy controls, but none in critically ill patients. TimeSignature, a validated algorithm based on 41 genes, was applied to assess overall transcriptome phase coherence. Median absolute error of TimeSignature was higher in individual critically ill patients than healthy patients (4.90 vs 1.48 hr) and was correlated with encephalopathy severity by Glasgow Coma Scale in critically ill patients (rho, -0.54; p = 0.036). Conclusions Gene expression rhythms rapidly become abnormal during critical illness. The association between disrupted transcriptome rhythms and encephalopathy suggests a path for future work to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology.
Loss of Aurora Kinase Signaling Allows Lung Cancer Cells to Adopt Endoreplication and Form Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells That Resist Antimitotic Drugs

Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) are common in tumors and have been associated with resistance to cancer therapy, tumor relapse, malignancy, immunosuppression, metastasis, cancer stem cell production, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause these cells to form are not yet known. In this study, we discover that Aurora kinases are synergistic determinants of a switch from the proliferative cell cycle to polyploid growth and multinucleation in lung cancer cell lines. When Aurora kinases were inhibited together, lung cancer cells uniformly grew into multinucleated PGCCs. These cells adopted an endoreplication in which the genome replicates, mitosis is omitted, and cells grow in size. Consequently, such cells continued to safely grow in the presence of antimitotic agents. These PGCC re-entered the proliferative cell cycle and grew in cell number when treatment was terminated. Thus, PGCC formation might represent a fundamental cellular response to Aurora kinase inhibitors and contributes to therapy resistance or tumor relapse. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide a novel insight about how cancer cells respond to Aurora kinase inhibitors and identify a new mechanism responsible for resistance to these agents and other antimitotic drugs.
Unique Computational Methods to Model Rideshare Behavior and Estimate Applications for Transit

Ridesourcing services have become important part of local transportation ecosystems glob-ally. They oﬀer new new opportunities to access rides for travelers of all kinds, and also new ways to think about variants of traditional transit and aﬀordable transportation for those without auto access. At the same time, the tension between private companies who own and have few incentives to share data has grown. Cities want to understand trips and travel trends while private sector companies view user data and trip data as a part of their most valued intellectual property. In response to this tension this paper uses a unique and original computational approach to estimate and explore trends in ride sourcing data, without having to exchange that data.This is modeled and simulated on networks in both San Francisco and Boston, and followed by discussion of our results and how they can be informed how planners and engineers can better plan for the future of local transport using using sophisticated computational data simulation methods.