cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
T-wave alternans immediately after an acute myocardial infarction.

The article by Yu et al published ahead of print in the Journal on September 13, 2011, assessed the value of T-wave alternans (TWA) in predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 227 consecutive patients 1 to 15 days after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using the modified moving average in 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms. The authors showed that TWA 47 μV or more predicted SCD or malignant ventricular arrhythmia, and its predictive value improved further when the frequency of TWA to 5 episodes or more, with this threshold, increased. What is unique about the study is that it focuses on the immediate period after an AMI in contrast to the bulk of relevant studies that have evaluated patients with chronic myocardial infarction leading to ischemic cardiomyopathy and the introduction of the frequency of 5 or more episodes of TWA above the threshold of 47 μV or more chosen a priori as a predictive variable of SCD, which was evaluated in a multivariate analysis. I would like to engage the authors on the following issues, hoping that I will receive a response. (1) The authors “selected 2 precordial leads V2 and V5 because TWA is a regionally specific phenomenon, and unipolar leads are capable of detecting TWA in ischemic and scar area of cardiac muscle,” to use their words verbatim, yet they did not use an inferior lead or consider the different culprit coronary artery in AMI, or AMI location, as variables; is it not possible that an inferior and/or posterior AMI would not yield a TWA of 47 μV or more by the V2 and V5 precordial leads? (2) The authors used “one maximum TWA value, for each 15 seconds of the ECG recording, calculated as the maximum difference between successive T waves of the respective moving averages for each 15-second beat stream” in “the section between the end points of QRS wave (J point) and T wave” and “the resulting maximum value was recorded.” Cardiologists routinely interpreting Holter recordings of ambulatory electrocardiograms witness a massive change of the amplitude of the T waves and the J-T intervals, with variation in the different leads used, and occurring without an explanation over the course of 24 hours. Is it not possible that the TWA magnitude is affected by the T-wave amplitude? Is it not possible that 1 threshold value (as herein, ≥47 μV) does not fit all patients, irrespective of the sometimes massive differences in the amplitude of the T waves in their electrocardiograms? The
Mutational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Smf1p, a member of the Nramp family of metal transporters.

We have recently shown that a member of the Nramp family of metal transporters, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Smf1p, is tightly regulated at the level of protein stability and protein sorting. Under metal replete conditions, Smf1p is targeted to the vacuole for degradation in a manner dependent on the S. cerevisiaeBSD2 gene product, but under metal starvation conditions, Smf1p accumulates at the cell surface. Here, we have addressed whether Smf1p activity may be necessary for its regulation by metal ions and Bsd2p. Well conserved residues within transmembrane domain 4 and the transport signature sequence of Smf1p were mutagenized. We identified two mutants, G190A and G424A, which destroyed Smf1p activity as monitored by complementation of a smf1 mutation. Notably, these mutations also abolished control by metal ions and Bsd2p, suggesting that Smf1p metal transport function may be necessary for its regulation. Two additional mutants isolated (Q419A and E423A) exhibited wild-type complementation activity and were properly targeted for vacuolar degradation in a Bsd2-dependent manner. However, these mutants failed to re-distribute to the plasma membrane under conditions of metal starvation. A model is proposed herein describing the probable role of Smf1 protein conformation in directing its movement to the vacuole versus cell surface in response to changes in metal ion availability.
A tool for describing and evaluating hierarchical real-time bus scheduling policies

We present a tool suite for building, simulating, and analyzing the results of hierarchical tree-like structure descriptions of the scheduling policy for modules sharing a bus in real-time applications. These schedules can be based on a variety of factors including characteristics of messages and time slicing and are represented in a hierarchical tree-like structure that specifies multiple levels of arbitration. This structure can describe many popular arbitration schemes. Our simulator evaluates the specified scheduling structure on a set of message traces for a given bus. We illustrate our approach by applying it to two examples: the SAE automotive benchmark and Voice over IP (VoIP). Although this paper deals with just bus scheduling policies, the approach can be easily extended to other real-time scheduling problems.
Effects of occupational choice and sex‐role preferences on the attractiveness of competent men and women

The present experiment assessed the impact of a person's sex role and occupational preferences on his/her social attractiveness, attractiveness as a coworker, and attractiveness to a prospective employer. Male and female subjects were provided information describing a competent male or a competent female stimulus person. Stimulus persons (SPs) were portrayed as favoring either traditionally masculine or traditionally feminine occupations, and as masculine or feminine in their sex-role preferences. As expected, both male and female SPs were seen as most socially attractive when their sex-role preferences were “gender consistent.” In contrast, subjects favored SPs who expressed masculine sex-role preferences when assessing the individual's attractiveness as a prospective employee. These findings were compared and contrasted with the results of earlier research, and the implications of sex-role deviance for males and for females were discussed.
Analysis and design of asymmetric and multiple coupled finline couplers and filters

The procedure for computing the scattering parameters of a general asymmetric and multiple coupled finline multiport is formulated in terms of the normal mode parameters of the structure. The normal mode parameters are computed by applying the spectral-domain technique to a general shielded multilayered structure. Closed-form expressions for the immittance parameters and characteristically terminated scattering parameters of the asymmetric coupled-line and three-line structures are presented. The multiport parameters of the finline structure are used to design filters, couplers, and power dividers. >
COMPARISON OF PROTOZOAN AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF VITAMIN ANALYSIS

Data obtained from commonly used methods of assaying for riboflavin, vitamin B6, niacin, pantothenic acid, thiamine, biotin and vitamm B1 2 were compared to data obtained from vitamin analysis procedures employing protozoa as the test organisms. The protozoa were of the genera Tetrahymena and Ochromonas. Generally, the procedures employing Tetrahymena indicated higher levels of the vitamins in the foods analyzed, while the procedures employing Ochromonas indicated lower vitamin levels than the corresponding commonly used methods of vitamin analysis. Both protozoan and the commonly used methods for analysis of vitamins indicated higher levels of vitamins in food samples when the sample extracts received enzymatic as well as acid hydrolysis treatments. Neutralization salts formed during vitamin extraction procedures were found to interfere with both the conventional and the protozoan methods. High-acid foods (e.g., orange and tomato juices) were found to inhibit the growth of Tetrahymena. Further studies are required to develop optimal methods of vitamin extraction and analysis in order to quantify the biologically available vitamin contents of foods.
Information rates in sampling and quantization

A computer-aided analysis of a digital communications system has been conducted. Salient results compare the performance of approximately optimum PCM systems with the rate-distortion function, under the assumptions of Gaussian inputs and mean-square-error distortion measure. The calculated distortion is greater than the theoretical minimum by two or three decibels in most cases. The results presented also illuminate the tradeoff between sampling rate and number of quantization levels in a channel of fixed capacity. The presampling and reconstruction filters are represented in the computer by their impulse responses; that is, filtering of signals is accomplished by evaluating the convolution integrals numerically. Impulse responses with durations of 20 sample times or fewer are long enough to model most known results in optimum filtering of sampled stationary random functions. Procedures are described for computing the autocorrelation function of the quantizer output, and the cross correlation between the quantizer output and a signal correlated with the input. The procedure adopted is the naive one of integrating numerically the appropriate bivariate normal distribution.
Effects of thiamin deficiency on acetylcholine levels and utilization in vivo in rat brain.

Cerebral regional acetylcholine (ACh) levels and utiliza tion were studied in vivo in thiamin deficient ( TD ), pair-fed asymptomatic (PFC) and ad libitum fed control (ALC) rats. ACh levels in the cortex, corpus striatum, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem of TD rats were comparable to those observed in the control groups. However, ACh utiliza tion was slightly to moderately (10-41%) decreased in cortex, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem. The decrease was significantly different in the midbrain of TD rats as compared to PFC and ALC rats. J. Nutr. 107: 1902-1908, 1977.
An HRE-Binding Py-Im Polyamide Impairs Hypoxic Signaling in Tumors

Hypoxic gene expression contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including organ fibrosis, age-related macular degeneration, and cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1), a transcription factor central to the hypoxic gene expression, mediates multiple processes including neovascularization, cancer metastasis, and cell survival. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamide 1: has been shown to inhibit HIF1-mediated gene expression in cell culture but its activity in vivo was unknown. This study reports activity of polyamide 1: in subcutaneous tumors capable of mounting a hypoxic response and showing neovascularization. We show that 1: distributes into subcutaneous tumor xenografts and normal tissues, reduces the expression of proangiogenic and prometastatic factors, inhibits the formation of new tumor blood vessels, and suppresses tumor growth. Tumors treated with 1: show no increase in HIF1α and have reduced ability to adapt to the hypoxic conditions, as evidenced by increased apoptosis in HIF1α-positive regions and the increased proximity of necrotic regions to vasculature. Overall, these results show that a molecule designed to block the transcriptional activity of HIF1 has potent antitumor activity in vivo, consistent with partial inhibition of the tumor hypoxic response. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 608-17. ©2015 AACR.
Fine Structure and Finer Details

In the previous chapter, we described elemental analysis using ionization edges, but there is much more than just elemental information in the ionization edges and this distinguishes EELS from XEDS. There are detailed intensity variations in the core-loss spectra called energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) and extended energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS). From this fine structure, which we can resolve because of the high-energy resolution inherent in EELS, we can obtain data on how the ionized atom is bonded, the coordination of that specific atom, and its density of states. As always, we can use any intensity changes to create filtered images which show the distribution of, e.g., regions of different bonding states. Furthermore, we can probe the distribution of other atoms around the ionized atom (i.e., determine the radial-distribution function (RDF) which is very useful for the study of amorphous materials) and we can study momentum-resolved EELS, observe the anisotropy of chemical bonds, combine EELS with tomography, inter alia.
Coherent late-Holocene climate-driven shifts in the structure of three Rocky Mountain lakes:

Large-scale atmospheric pressure centers, such as the Aleutian and Icelandic Low, have a demonstrated relationship with physical lake characteristics in contemporary monitoring studies, but the responses to these phenomena are rarely observed in lake records. We observe coherent changes in the stratification patterns of three deep (>30 m) lakes inferred from fossil diatom assemblages as a response to shifts in the location and intensity of the Aleutian Low and compare these changes with similar long-term changes observed in the δ18O record from the Yukon. Specifically, these records indicate that between 3.2 and 1.4 ka, the Aleutian Low shifted westward, resulting in an increased frequency of storm tracks across the Pacific Northwest during winter and spring. This change in atmospheric circulation ultimately produced deeper mixing in the upper waters of these three lake systems. Enhanced stratification between 4.5 and 3.3 ka and from 1.3 ka to present suggests a strengthened Aleutian Low and more meridion...
Trauma and the elderly: the impact on critical care.

The population older than age 65 is growing rapidly. This change in the demographics of our nation is impacting critical care in many ways. Most researchers have found that trauma patients older than 65 have a higher mortality rate, longer hospital stays, more complications, common mechanism of injuries, and poorer outcomes than their younger counterparts. These facts must be taken into consideration when planning care for the elderly trauma patient population. This paper will review the research literature on elderly trauma victims and the impact these patients are having on critical care practice. Language: en
Problems of Consistent Over-, Under-, and Normal-Achieving College Students as Identified By the Mooney Problem Check List

IT IS QUITE evident that, at the present time, greater numbers of students are seeking college I admission than can possibly be enrolled. There is no question that there will be an enormous increase in college and university enrollment in the years ahead. Unfortunately, this expanding | enrollment has tended to lead many colleges and I universities either to neglect or treat in a hap| hazard manner the problem of student failure | and under-achievement, and to concentrate in stead upon selecting from the great number of eager applicants more students to replace those who were lost. This philosophy, if it persists, can \ have grave imlications leading to the neglect of j the student as an individual. | The neglect of the under-achieveing student is j also founded upon the fact that under-achievej ment is so complex in nature and origin, so wide spread, and in need of such urgent solution in the case of failing college students, that most edu cators, college counselors, and other student per sonnel workers find it impossible to devote an j adequate amount of time to the problem and still carry out other responsibilities. It becomes [ evident that the responsibility for investigating | the problem of underand over-achievement lies with those in the field of education who are es pecially interested in the problem and who have the time and material with which to work. We, as these researchers, must aid our fellow workers by providing them with additional information about the behavior characteristics which will aid in the identification and differentiation of over-, underand normal-achievers. In addition, we must inquire into the underlying causes of the varying degrees of achievement which will pro mote greater understanding and will encourage purposeful action on the part of student person nel workers. In this study, the Mooney Problem Check List was used to determine if differences in the num ber of problems checked discriminated signif icantly among consistent over-, underand normal-achievers in the eleven general problem areas of the Check List. A second purpose was to help locate the most prevalent problem ex pressed within a selected student body which might aid educators in becoming more fully in formed about the needs of college students in general.
Intraorganizational Distributions of Power: Replication Research

The article deals with studies on intraorganizational distribution of power which replicates the strategic contingency model of Hinnings, Hickson, Less, Schneck and Pennings. The studies was conducted at universities with student, among department heads of production, accounting/finance, engineering, marketing and computer services from oil and gas companies and in breweries. Differences in the correlations in the three samples may be attributed to differences in work flow. However, differences in the relationships may also be attributed to differences in the backgrounds and attitudes of the respondents, organization structure, organization size, or a variety of other reasons.
Investigation and Analysis of Sun Chenyue′s Tomb Inscription Excarated In Datong

Sun chenyue's life resume inrolved with military rank of Tang Dynasty,Anshi Rebellion,pugu DisobeyYunzhong city of Tang Dynasty and peace city of Northern Wei etc,which are the important historical data.And particularly important,it proves Yunzhong city of Tang Dynasty was pingcheng city of Northern Wei with distinct location and accurate information.
A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate matter

Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) estimates of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and organic carbon are highly influenced by uncertainties in modeled secondary formation processes, such as chemical mechanisms, volatilization, and condensation rates. These compounds constitute the majority of PM2.5 mass, and reducing bias in estimated concentrations has benefits for policy measures and epidemiological studies. In this work, a method for adjusting source impacts on secondary species is developed that provides estimates of source contributions and reduces bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations. The bias correction adjusts concentrations and source impacts based on the difference between modeled concentrations and observations while taking into account uncertainties at the location of interest; and it is applied both spatially and temporally. We apply the method over the US for 2006. The mean bias for initial CMAQ concentrations compared to observations is −0.28 (OC), 0.11 (NO3), 0.05 (NH4), and −0.08 (SO4). The normalized mean bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations was effectively zero for OC, NO3, NH4, and SO4 after applying the secondary bias correction. Ten-fold cross-validation was conducted to determine the performance of the spatial application of the bias correction. Cross-validation performance was favorable; correlation coefficients were greater than 0.69 for all species when comparing observations and concentrations based on kriged correction factors. The methods presented here address model uncertainties by improving simulated concentrations and source impacts of secondary particulate matter through data assimilation. Secondary-adjusted concentrations and source impacts from 20 emissions sources are generated for 2006 over continental US.
Making Voices Visible: Using Visual Data in Teacher Education and Research

This chapter describes changes in the thinking and practice of eight early-childhood teachers after they used visual data to complete a teacher research assignment in a community college teacher-education course.
The Second generation of the VW Polo BlueMotion

The VW Polo BlueMotion from 2006 is in the line with the reigning fuel economy champion, like the Lupo 3L TDI. Now, within just under one year after the successful market launch of the new Polo, Volkswagen presents the second generation of the Polo BlueMotion. It achieves a good drag coefficient of 0.307, a new 1.2-l TDI diesel engine with common-rail injection and a start/stop system which reduce the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in urban traffic as well as in stop-and-go phases by up to 6 % on average and the noise emissions when stationary to zero.
Understanding nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: it's been a long time coming.

With a surprising predictability, most studies and reviews addressing therapy for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease either start or end by mentioning the paucity of data from randomized and controlled trials. That is a legitimate criticism for NTM lung disease therapy, but it also somehow seems to influence attitudes toward all aspects of NTM investigation. Certainly the study of NTM diseases in general and NTM lung disease in particular is a recent development. Previously, NTM were viewed as minor, if inconvenient, pathogens similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . However, over the last three decades, NTM have emerged as increasingly important pathogens that are clearly different compared with tuberculosis. Although there has been frustratingly slow progress in the treatment of NTM diseases, in contrast there has unquestionably been impressive progress in almost every other realm of investigation into NTM disease. Our understanding of NTM lung disease a) pathophysiology, including mechanisms of organism acquisition, b) epidemiology, including estimates of disease prevalence, c) mycobacteriology, including application of molecular laboratory techniques and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry, and d) even treatment strategies, including the recognition of innate drug resistance mechanisms, has immeasurably and permanently changed and advanced the landscape for NTM lung disease. It is no longer necessary to apologize for the state of NTM lung disease knowledge and understanding, but rather it is time to recognize the great distance we have travelled over the last 30 years.
The Instructional Quality of Mathematics Student Teachers in the United States and Japan: The Possible Impact of the Structure of Student Teaching

In this chapter we explore the instructional quality of four US student teachers in a novel student teaching structure. To overcome some of the common problems associated with student teaching documented in the research literature, we adapted a student teaching structure commonly used in Japan. We evaluate the instructional quality of the lessons by using the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) video coding protocol. We compare the instructional quality to a sample of Japanese student teachers and to a large sample of lessons from six large US school districts, utilizing the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) study. We also illustrate the quantitative findings with vignettes from US and Japanese student teaching. The results show that given the right support and structure, student teachers in the USA can implement lessons that are similar in quality to Japanese student teachers and much richer than typical US mathematics instruction.
Distributed algorithms for dynamic topology construction and their applications

We introduce new distributed algorithms that dynamically construct network topologies. These algorithms not only adapt to dynamic topologies where nodes join and leave, but also actively set up and remove links between the nodes, to achieve certain global graph properties. First, we present a novel distributed algorithm for constructing overlay networks that are composed of d Hamilton cycles. The protocol is decentralized as no globally-known server is required. With high probability, the constructed topologies are expanders with O(log dn) diameters and 22d-1+e second largest eigenvalues. Our protocol exploits the properties of random walks on expanders. A new node can join the network in O(log dn) time with O(d log dn) messages. A node can leave in O(1) time with O(d) messages. Second, we investigate a layered construction of the random expander networks that can implement a distributed hash table. Layered expanders can achieve degree-optimal routing at O(log n/log log n) time, where each node has O(log n) neighbors. We also analyze a self-balancing scheme for the layered networks. Third, we study the resource discovery problem, in which a network of machines discover one another by making network connections. We present two randomized algorithms to solve the resource discovery problem in O(log n) time. Fourth, we apply the insight gained from the resource discovery algorithms on general networks to ad hoc wireless networks. A Bluetooth ad hoc network can be formed by interconnecting piconets into scatternets. We present and analyze a new randomized distributed protocol for Bluetooth scatternet formation. We prove that our protocol achieves O(log n) time complexity and O(n) message complexity. In the scatternets formed by our protocol, the number of piconets is close to optimal, and any device is a member of at most two piconets. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
THREE-DIMENSIONAL POSE COMPUTATIONS FROM MULTIPLE VIEWS

The geometrical constraints of two imaging environments are specified. In each case it is shown how a candidate pose of the object can be determined from only a few matches between sensed features and model features. A candidate pose can then be verified by either hypothesize-and-test or by clustering of similar candidates. Results of simulations and experiments are given which demonstrate the strength of geometric constraints and the feasibility of clustering with multiple views.
Militant Abolitionist Gerrit Smith

Great wealth never precluded men from committing themselves to redressing what they considered moral wrongs within American society. Great wealth allowed men the time and money to devote themselves absolutely to their passionate causes. During America's antebellum period, various social and political concerns attracted wealthy men's attentions; for example, temperance advocates, a popular cause during this era, considered alcohol a sin to be abolished. One outrageous evil, southern slavery, tightly concentrated many men's political attentions, both for and against slavery, and produced some intriguing, radical and rhetoric and actions; foremost among these reform movements stood abolitionism, possibly one of the greatest reform movements of this era.
Serotonergic Modulation of Sensory Representation in a Central Multisensory Circuit Is Pathway Specific

Many studies have explored how neuromodulators affect synaptic function, yet little is known about how they modify computations at the microcircuit level. In the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), a region that integrates auditory and multisensory inputs from two distinct pathways, serotonin (5-HT) enhances excitability of principal cells, predicting a generalized reduction in sensory thresholds. Surprisingly, we found that when looked at from the circuit level, 5-HT enhances signaling only from the multisensory input, while decreasing input from auditory fibers. This effect is only partially explained by an action on auditory nerve terminals. Rather, 5-HT biases processing for one input pathway by simultaneously enhancing excitability in the principal cell and in a pathway-specific feed-forward inhibitory interneuron. Thus, by acting on multiple targets, 5-HT orchestrates a fundamental shift in representation of convergent auditory and multisensory pathways, enhancing the potency of non-auditory signals in a classical auditory pathway.
X-rays in the Cryo-Electron Microscopy Era: Structural Biology's Dynamic Future.

Over the past several years, single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a leading method for elucidating macromolecular structures at near-atomic resolution, rivaling even the established technique of X-ray crystallography. Cryo-EM is now able to probe proteins as small as hemoglobin (64 kDa) while avoiding the crystallization bottleneck entirely. The remarkable success of cryo-EM has called into question the continuing relevance of X-ray methods, particularly crystallography. To say that the future of structural biology is either cryo-EM or crystallography, however, would be misguided. Crystallography remains better suited to yield precise atomic coordinates of macromolecules under a few hundred kilodaltons in size, while the ability to probe larger, potentially more disordered assemblies is a distinct advantage of cryo-EM. Likewise, crystallography is better equipped to provide high-resolution dynamic information as a function of time, temperature, pressure, and other perturbation...
Chapter 8 – Conducting Cyber Investigations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses critical skills that prepare an investigator to deal with computer crime investigations. By developing a basic understanding of key concepts and learning to apply basic computer skills, an investigator can learn how to proceed with computer crime cases much in the same way as traditional cases. Issues such as Internet protocol (IP) Addresses, Networks, Wireless Devices, and Interpersonal Communication are discussed with the sole purpose of providing the investigator. This provides a basic understanding of each topic area and the skills that can be employed to yield workable physical leads. Many of these skills will build the foundation of computer crime investigations not only today, but well into the future as these technologies expand and become more complex.
Decolonizing Dialectics by George Ciccariello-Maher

Ciccariello-Maher, George. Decolonizing Dialectics . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017.
Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Pulmonary Hypertension Group 2 With Significantly Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance: A Bridge to Cure

Background Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease (WHO Group 2) is a known risk factor in patients with heart failure. The favourable effect of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) on pulmonary hypertension has been demonstrated before, although this effect has not been well-studied in advanced pulmonary arterial bed disease with a significant elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance. Methods We reviewed the records of 258 LVAD patients in our institution. Patients with elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP > 25 mmHg) and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR ≥3 Wood units) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on their baseline PVR (PVR = 3–5 Wood units (WU) vs. PVR > 5 WU). The groups were studied for the changes in their pulmonary haemodynamics after the placement of LVAD. Results Fifty-one (51) patients were included in the study. All patients showed a significant improvement in their pulmonary haemodynamic parameters post LVAD placement. In the group with the higher PVR, mPAP dropped from a baseline of 43 ± 7 mmHg to 22 ± 6 mmHg post LVAD placement (p Conclusions Left ventricular assist devices can reverse pulmonary hypertension WHO Group 2 with significantly elevated PVR; this effect is not dependent on the baseline PVR, and is maintained up to one year post cardiac transplantation.
Midurethral Slings for Stress Urinary Incontinence : A Urogynecology Perspective

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the involuntary leakage of urine associated with an increase in intraabdominal pressure (coughing, laughing, and sneezing), affects 12.8% to 46.0% of women. SUI is the most common type of urinary incontinence in women younger than 60 years and accounts for at least half of incontinence in all women. Retropubic and transobturator midurethral sling procedures are safe and effective treatments for stress urinary incontinence but have different complication profiles. History, examination, and additional testing may assist in choosing the correct sling type. Appropriate counseling and managing patient expectation are necessary to optimize patient satisfaction.
Enhanced Tc Near the Metal/Insulator Transition: A New Perspective on Unconventional Superconducting Materials

Many apparently unrelated systems, including disordered metals and metallic oxides, undergo a metal/insulator transition (MIT) when their carrier concentrations are reduced and/or their disorder is increased. We have found that the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of such materials is very often enhanced in the vicinity of the MIT. We have constructed superconductivity phase diagrams (Tc vs σ, the conductivity) for many materials whose only common feature is proximity to the MIT and found that they are remarkably similar.
A lovely experiment

Albert Wattenberg, now a distinguished physicist emeritus at the University of Illinois, was one of the young physicists working with Enrico Fermi at Columbia University to create the first chain reaction. Wattenberg joined the group at the beginning of 1942, and relocated with others to Chicago that spring. This article was adapted from remarks he made at the 1992 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and deals with the first successful chain reaction and the people involved from the point of view of an actual participant. Last in a series of articles commemorating the 50th anniversary of the first controlled chain reaction.
The role of surgery in pediatric gliomas

Pediatric glial tumors differ from adult gliomas in several ways that are of major therapeutic importance. First, the value of extensive tumor resection, which is controversial for malignant intrinsic brain tumors in adults, has been confirmed for a variety of childhood brain tumors, such as supratentorial high-grade and low-grade gliomas and infratentorial low-grade gliomas, ependymomas, and some medulloblastomas. Second, chemotherapy has been found to be effective in improving overall outcome in several childhood brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma and supratentorial high-grade glioma, but has yet to be proven to have a major benefit for adult tumors. In addition, chemotherapy is increasingly used to delay or avoid radiotherapy in young children with high-grade and incompletely resected low-grade tumors to avoid the morbidity of irradiation on the developing nervous system. Third, the prognosis for histologically similar tumors is often more favorable in children than adults. The present chapter will highlight the unique features of childhood glial tumors, discuss general principles in the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of these tumors, and then focus on the surgical management and outcome of the more common types of tumors.
Persisters, Biofilms, and the Problem of Cultivability

The majority of bacterial species in the environment remain uncultured, and accumulating evidence suggests that this cannot be explained by inadequate nutrient supply. Good recovery of environmental bacteria can be obtained by cultivation in situ in diffusion chambers, and this produces “domesticated” variants that can subsequently grow on synthetic media on Petri dishes. In many cases, growth of otherwise unculturable bacteria is observed on rich media in the presence of a cultivable helper organism. In the marine sediment environment, a considerable part of these uncultivable bacteria are found to depend on siderophores produced by their neighbors. The absence of an ability to induce the synthesis of their own siderophores when iron levels drop is puzzling. It seems that these observations point to a signaling mechanism for uncultivability – most bacterial species evolved to grow only in a familiar environment. The default mode of most bacterial life is then dormancy, and growth factors are required for resuscitation. The adaptive advantage of such a strategy may stem from the fact that rapidly propagating bacteria are highly vulnerable to toxic factors such as unfamiliar antibiotics. By contrast, dormant cells are tolerant to antibiotics. This is exemplified by specialized dormant persister cells which are formed in all studied cultivable bacteria. In organisms such as E. coli or P. aeruginosa, persisters are formed stochastically and make up a small part of the population. It is possible that in the absence of a growth factor, unculturable species enter en mass into a persister state.
Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Concentrates

Carbonated beverages constitute by far the largest volume of foods sold in this category, excluding fruit juices and concentrates, which are discussed in Chapter 11. Many of these are sweetened with artificial sweeteners instead of sugar and sold as low calorie or dietetic drinks. They are made by drawing a measured amount of the combined ingredients (called a “throw”) into a container, filling with chilled carbonated water and capping or sealing.
An interpretation of radio-loud-radio-quiet QSO differences

Here we speculate on what observations are telling us about the difference between radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs. The observations are (i) the relation between ultraviolet-optical luminosity and ‘jet power’, (ii) the dependences of emission and absorption line spectra, and the spectral energy distribution, on radio core-dominance, assumed to be an indicator of orientation, (iii) the spectral differences between radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs, and (iv) the inverse relation between the strength of broad, blended Fe II multiplets and [O III] λ5007, and the apparently-related association between Fe II strength, reddening, broad absorption lines, and scattering polarization. We present and discuss a picture in which there are two main variables: (i) the inclination of the plane of the host galaxy to the axis of the inner jet (the central engine’s rotation axis), and (ii) the angle of the line-of-sight to this rotation axis. The radio-loud QSOs are those with jets aiming away from the plane of the host galaxy.
Plant Proteomics and Photosynthesis

Peptide mass finger printing and tandem mass spectrometry-based identification of proteins emerged in the mid 1990s, with its first application on the study of photosynthesis and chloroplasts about a decade ago. From there on, the impact of proteomics and protein mass spectrometry has been very significant, with initially most efforts placed on the identification of chloroplast proteins, followed by phosphorylation, comparative proteomics and work on protein-protein interactions. Most of this work has been carried out with Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant for which the genome was sequenced. This chapter will focus on new results in proteomics of photosynthesis published since 2004, as well as on emerging concepts, challenges and opportunities to make discoveries relevant to photosynthesis. The chapter is restricted to photosynthesis and its regulatory proteins in higher plants and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. With the exception of some small, hydrophobic thylakoid membrane proteins, most of the photosynthetic machinery has been observed by mass spectrometry, but many of the post-translational modifications remain to be discovered. One of the biggest challenges of proteomics in the area of photosynthesis will be to identify and characterize proteins with regulatory functions, and proteins involved in chloroplast development, biogenesis and adaptation.
Exploring the Relationship between Social and Non-Social Reinforcement in the Context of Social Learning Theory

This chapter examines the role of nonsocial reinforcement as stated in Ronald L. Akers' social learning theory of crime and deviance. It also examines the ability of the theory–as formulated–to account for individual differences in the propensity to derive intrinsic rewards from delinquency and drug use. The chapter finds that the processes of "nonsocial" reinforcement are not as independent or distinct from traditional social learning processes as some theorists have claimed or implied. It conducts a theoretically informed examination of the relationship between social and "nonsocial" reinforcement and articulate an initial statement. The chapter derives several hypotheses which the authors test with exploratory data from a large sample of adolescents. It focuses on adolescent drug and alcohol use. The chapter relates arguments to more general forms of criminal/delinquent involvement and shows how these arguments can facilitate future research. It argues that processes of social learning can help to explain individual differences.
Assessing patient satisfaction among ABHRS surgeons: Opportunities to improve.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Online physician-rating websites are being increasingly used by patients to gauge physicians' quality of service. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of residency training background of hair restoration surgeons and to identify themes of patient reviews using online physician-rating portals. METHOD From July 1, 2018 to July 18, 2018, a list of American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery (ABHRS) physicians was compiled. Each member's name was searched on Healthgrades.com and Yelp.com websites, and profile reviews were analyzed for themes of patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction. RESULTS Eighty-six ABHRS-certified surgeons were identified on the ABHRS physician directory practicing in the United States. Eleven different residency training backgrounds are represented. Surgeons were given significantly higher ratings on Healthgrades (4.63 vs 3.77, P < 0.001), and nonsurgeons were given significantly higher ratings on Yelp (4.31 vs 4.11, P = 0.036). A total of 567 five-star reviews and 59 one-star reviews were analyzed for content across both physician review portals. The most commonly cited topics included results, office staff, physician's bedside manner, comfort during procedure, patient-perceived physician's honesty, patient-perceived physician's knowledge, cost/financing options, recovery time, and wait time/scheduling. CONCLUSIONS Significant, yet inconsistent differences in ratings were found between surgical and nonsurgical residency backgrounds across online physician-rating portals. Understanding drivers of positive and negative reviews may help surgeons improve patient satisfaction.
Rare and Emerging Viral Infections in the Transplant Population

Viral infections account for a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases, and the agents included in this group consist of recently identified viruses as well as previously identified viruses with an apparent increase in disease incidence. In transplant recipients, this group can include viruses with no recognized pathogenicity in immunocompetent patients and those that result in atypical or more severe disease presentations in the immunocompromised host. In this chapter, we begin by discussing viral diagnostics and techniques used for viral discovery, specifically as they apply to emerging and rare infections in this patient population. Focus then shifts to specific emerging and re-emerging viruses in the transplant population, including human T-cell leukemia virus 1, rabies, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, human bocavirus, parvovirus 4, measles, mumps, orf, and dengue. We have also included a brief discussion on emerging viruses and virus families with few or no reported cases in transplant recipients: monkeypox, nipah and hendra, chikungunya and other alphaviruses, hantavirus and the Bunyaviridae, and filoviruses. Finally, concerns regarding infectious disease complications in xenotransplantation and the reporting of rare viral infections are addressed. With the marked increase in the number of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants performed worldwide, we expect a corresponding rise in the reports of emerging viral infections in transplant hosts, both from known viruses and those yet to be identified.
Multi-Criterion Preliminary Design of a Tetrahedral Truss Platform

An efficient method is presented for multi-criterion preliminary design and demonstrated for a tetrahedral truss platform. The present method requires minimal analysis effort and permits rapid estimation of optimized truss behavior for preliminary design. A 14-m-diameter, 3-ring truss platform represents a candidate reflector support structure for space-based science spacecraft. The truss members are divided into 9 groups by truss ring and position. Design variables are the cross-sectional area of all members in a group, and are either 1, 3 or 5 times the minimum member area. Non-structural mass represents the node and joint hardware used to assemble the truss structure. Taguchi methods are used to efficiently identify key points in the set of Pareto-optimal truss designs. Key points identified using Taguchi methods are the maximum frequency, minimum mass, and maximum frequency-to-mass ratio truss designs. Low-order polynomial curve fits through these points are used to approximate the behavior of the full set of Pareto-optimal designs. The resulting Pareto-optimal design curve is used to predict frequency and mass for optimized trusses. Performance improvements are plotted in frequency-mass (criterion) space and compared to results for uniform trusses. Application of constraints to frequency and mass and sensitivity to constraint variation are demonstrated.
The Effect of Additional Math in High School on College Success

Methods of causal inference are not widely used by education researchers, even though they can be extremely useful tools for eliminating selection bias and confounding factors in empirical studies. For example, researchers have established that taking additional math classes in high school is strongly correlated with success in college and higher earnings. More recent research seeks to show that taking additional math in high school actually causes success in college. Such analyses are difficult because researchers must draw meaning from naturally occurring data, rather than through experimentation. Researchers have employed a few different methods of causal inference with varying levels of success. Studies using the best methods suggest that taking additional courses in high school mathematics does, in fact, cause an increase in college enrollment and future wages. Education researchers should recognize the power of causal inference methods more widely in evaluating treatment effects.
Kinetics of Formation of Quantum Dot Solvent N-Oleoylmorpholine

The kinetics of the synthesis of noncommercially available quantum dot (QD) solvent N-oleoylmorpholine (NOM) was investigated in a semibatch reactor system to enable scale up. Morpholine was inject...
A new life of Pearson's skewness

In this work we show how coupling and stochastic dominance methods can be successfully applied to a classical problem of rigorizing Pearson's skewness. Here, we use Frechet means to define generalized notions of positive and negative skewness that we call truly positive and truly negative. Then, we apply stochastic dominance approach in establishing criteria for determining whether a continuous random variable is truly positively skewed. Intuitively, this means that scaled right tail of the probability density function exhibits strict stochastic dominance over equivalently scaled left tail. Finally, we use the stochastic dominance criteria and establish some basic examples of true positive skewness, thus demonstrating how the approach works in general.