cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between In-situ Annealing and External Annealing For Barium Ferrite Thin Films Made by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Due to their large magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the film plane, barium ferrite thick films (BaFe12O19, or BaM) with c-axis orientation are attractive candidates for microwave applications [1,2]. Barium ferrite thin films on silicon substrates without under layer have been deposited under various conditions by RF magnetron sputtering. The structure of the as-grown films is amorphous. External annealing in air has been done at 950°C for ten minutes to crystallize the films. C-axis oriented thin films with squareness of about 0.87 and coercivity of about 3.8KOe are obtained. Thick BaM films with c-axis orientation are difficult to achieve with one single deposition. Multilayer technique looks promising to grow thick films [3]. The external annealing process is difficult to incorporate with the multilayer procedure. An in-situ annealing procedure has been developed to obtain films, which can be used as the basic component for future multilayer deposition. Barium ferrites are first magnetron sputtered on bare silicon substrates in Ar + O2 atmosphere at substrate temperature of 500-600°C, the deposition pressure was kept about 0.008 torr. After the deposition, the temperature of the substrate is immediately increased to about 860°C for ten minutes in 140 torr of argon (80%) and oxygen (20%) mixture of gas, which was introduced into the chamber without breaking the vacuum. With the in-situ process, c-axis oriented thin films of 0.88 squareness and coercivity value of about 4.3KOe are obtained. Both annealing methods seem to have the similar effect on the perpendicular squareness and coercivity at various film thicknesses. The average value of the saturation magnetization Ms obtained from the in-situ annealing using multilayer technique is higher than that of the external one. We have grown films up to 1.0 micron thickness using the multilayer technique, in which three layers of 0.3 μm thickness each are deposited until the final thickness is reached. After the deposition of each layer, it was in-situ annealed before starting the deposition of the next layer. With the multilayer technique, coercivity of about 3.5 KOe and average value of the saturation magnetization Ms of about 4.0 K Gauss is obtained.
Early Postpartum Mortality Following Ultrasound Radiation

The use of ultrasound for diagnostic and therapeutic applications is increasing.1 Cautions based on lack of knowledge of the biological consequences of exposure and the need for further research have been expressed.2 As part of a study of the behavioral effects of prenatal exposure, time-mated CF1 mice were sonicated in utero on the 13th day of gestation (the period of late organogenesis). The exposure system and procedure are described elsewhere by O’Brien et al.3 Briefly the procedure involved anesthetizing the pregnant female mouse, positioning the abdominal area on-axis 24 cm from the surface of the transducer in a normal saline bath maintained at 30° C. The transducer produced an exposure of 1 MHz CW ultrasound with an effective radiating area of 7.9 square cm. Exposure times were 3 minutes and the levels (accuracy ± 30%) were sham, 0.125 W/cm2 (low), 0.25 W/cm2 (medium), and 0.5 W/cm2 (high) spatially averaged over the effective radiating area of the transducer in the free exposure field condition. Choice of power levels was based on earlier findings in our laboratory which suggested that these levels were low enough not to interfere with the mother’s ability to raise the pups to 21 days post partum or weaning.
An Infectious Dermatitis of Certain Marine Fishes

During the last few years the experimental studies on fish biology 1 undertaken at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography have been obstructed by infectious diseases. Frequently important experiments have been terminated by the death of the fishes before results of value could be obtained. Ordinary precautions, such as disinfection of the tanks, segregation of infected stock and treatment of the fishes by familiar aquarium methods, have been of little or no avail. It is now known that at least four and probably many more different diseases have been in operation. The present report is concerned with an ulcerous dermal infection of the Pacific killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, although gobies, bay smelt, blennies and other marine fishes are susceptible. The symptomatology of the disease has little in common with that of the furunculosis 2 which occurs so extensively on the Pacific coast among the family Salmonidae. A perusal of other available literature, including the works on fish diseases by Hofer 3 and Plehn,4 has failed to reveal any pathologic process which resembles this dermatitis of Fundulus. The observation of several infected funduli in their native habitat (shoal sea water) furnishes proof that the disease occurs in nature. It is difficult to estimate its percentage incidence in the sea because as soon as the affected fishes become slightly incapacitated they quickly fall prey to the ever present predacious animals. It was estimated by inspection that in one group of commercial fish bait tanks in San Diego in which several hundred smelt (Atherinops affinis) had been imprisoned only a few hours no less than 15 per cent had lesions characteristic of the disease herein described. Complaints by the coastwise fishermen on the paucity of live bait during the last year, as well as other indirect
Fundamental Limits to Mode-Locked Lasers: Toward Terawatt Peak Powers

Most mode-locked solid-state lasers are based on soliton solutions of the cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation. Their performance is close to theoretical limits, and new design paradigms will be needed if solid-state systems are to continue to improve at their historically aggressive rates. Through comprehensive analysis of the interplay of group-velocity dispersion, nonlinear refraction, spectral filtering, and saturable absorption, we identify the factors that fundamentally limit the achievable peak power of solid-state lasers. Numerical calculations that accurately model existing solid-state lasers are used to assess new designs. In particular, we focus on normal-dispersion cavities, which support dissipative solitons. The calculations reveal that the gain bandwidth, modulation depth of the saturable absorber, and nonlinear phase accumulation present the primary limitations to the peak power. We assess these limitations in Ti:sapphire, Yb:KGW, and thin-disk oscillators. Guidelines for the optimum designs are presented, and we show that dissipative soliton pulse-shaping in cavities with net normal dispersion can fundamentally allow performance improvements of several orders of magnitude. High-performance oscillators should offer low-noise, low-cost alternatives to some current amplifier-based systems.
Effect of Foliar Spraying Nitrogen fertilizer on Pinus tabuliformis Carrière growth and conductivity,MDA content

The test studied on the influence of foliar applications of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of Pinus tabuliformis Carriere and conductivity,MDA content in order to provide a theoretical basis for determine the appropriate production spraying concentration.The results showed that:all spraying fertilizer treatment plant height were higher than the control and1.60%treatment highest and then higher than control 39.75%in September and have significant differences;the diameter0.80%and 1.60% was higher than control 32.41%,52.78%and have significant differences with control in September;conductivity and MDA content 1.60%treatment lowest and significantly lower than the control.Comprehensive analysis that Pinus tabuliformis Carriere spraying urea concentration of 1.60%is appropriate.
The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Influenza Virus Infection and Their Potential as Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Therapy

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major threat that can cause severe morbidity and mortality due to rapid genomic variation. Resistance of IAVs to current anti-IAV drugs has been emerging, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered to be potential candidates for novel treatment against IAV infection. AMPs are endogenous proteins playing important roles in host defense through direct antimicrobial and antiviral activities and through immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we will discuss the anti-IAV and immunomodulatory effects of classical AMPs (defensins and cathelicidins), and proteins more recently discovered to have AMP-like activity (histones and Alzheimer’s associated β-amyloid). We will discuss the interactions between AMPs and other host defense proteins. Major emphasis will be placed on novel synthetic AMPs derived from modification of natural proteins, and on potential methods of increasing expression of endogenous AMPs, since these approaches may lead to novel antiviral therapeutics.
Lipid multilayer gratings for multiplexed, label-free biosensing

L multilayer gratings are a new type of optical transducer based on fluid diffraction gratings on a surface. Tiny oil droplets regularly spaced at the wavelength of visible light function as diffraction gratings. When the liquid droplets interact with an analyte, droplet shape changes due to the interfacial forces involved, resulting in a detectable change in the intensity of light diffracted from the gratings. Using functional phospholipids as the oil enables specific detection of proteins in solution. The crucial property of the grating that allows detection is the lipid multilayer thickness, which must be controlled between ~10-100 nm. Methods for fabricating the gratings include dip-pen nanolithography and a new printing method that we call nanointaglio. The ability to integrate multiple different materials into sensor arrays opens the possibility for multiplexed sensing, and progress towards that goal will be presented.
Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion. By Anne Somerset. (New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013. Pp. xiv, 623. $35.00.)

In spite of the work of Edward Gregg, Geoffrey Holmes, and Robert Bucholz, too many textbooks still propagate the old caricature of Queen Anne as weak, stupid, and destined for domination. This met...
Tokens of Deception in the “Checkers” Speech

“I knew I had done nothing wrong and had nothing to hide.”---Richard Nixon, referring to the “Checkers” speech, 1962On September 23, 1952, Republican vice-presidential nominee Richard Nixon deliver...
Healthcare usage after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty – Impact of analgesic regimen

Abstract Outcome objectives 1) Analyze differences in healthcare usage between subjects receiving different perioperative analgesic medications after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) surgery. 2) Comment on the impact of perioperative analgesic medication on length of hospital stay and complications after UPPP. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 120 UPPPs conducted by a single surgeon in the past 5 years was conducted. Subjects were grouped based on perioperative pain medication regimen into three groups; narcotics alone ( n = 83), narcotics with gabapentin ( n = 27), or narcotics with ketorolac tromethamine ( n = 10). The primary outcome variable was total number of clinic/emergency room and/or telephone encounters related to post-UPPP pain. Secondary outcomes included length of post-operative hospital stay, number of telephone and/or clinical encounters in which the patient complained specifically of pain or requested a refill for analgesics, and post-operative complications. Results No significant difference was found between the three analgesic regimens in post-operative hospital stay length ( p = 0.28, median stay 23.5 h), number of clinic or telephone encounters related to pain ( p = 0.26, mean value 0.71 encounters), or post-operative complication rate ( p = 0.82, 5.9% complication rate). Conclusion This study shows no significant difference in post-operative healthcare usage between patients with peri-operative analgesic regimens including narcotics alone, gabapentin with narcotics, or ketorolac with narcotics. Post-operative complication rate and length of stay did not differ between groups. These data suggest that these three medication regimens have similar impact on post-operative course for UPPP patients. Therefore, the most affordable or simplest options have equivalent effects on post-operative healthcare usage.
Techniques for Multiscale Neuronal Regulation via Therapeutic Materials and Drug Design.

Neurotrauma is a common source for a host of neurological disorders, including chronic pain. Pathological changes underlying neural injury and pain are complex due to the multiscale spatiotemporal nature of the nervous system and its response to insults. Understanding the combined influence of tissue mechanics, neuronal and glial activation, and molecular processes on the development and maintenance of pain has recently gained attention. The growing knowledge about nociceptive mechanisms has inspired the design of novel therapeutic materials and compounds for neuronal regulation. Primary mechanical insults and secondary inflammatory responses can induce morphological changes, electrophysiological abnormalities, and altered neurotransmitter release associated with neuronal dysfunction, degeneration, and/or death in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Such responses in afferent and spinal dorsal horn neurons directly and indirectly potentiate pain. Using separate radiculopathy and joint pain models...
Life history traits determine the differential vulnerability of native and invasive apple snails (Pomacea spp.) to a shared juvenile-stage predator

The vulnerability of gastropods to their predators varies with life history traits such as morphology, body size, behavior, and growth rates as well as predator size. A recent study suggested that the invasive apple snail, Pomacea maculata, was considerably more vulnerable to crayfish predators than the native Florida apple snail, P. paludosa. The difference was hypothesized to be caused by the relatively small hatchling size of P. maculata. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of feeding assays designed to quantify maximum feeding rates and selective foraging of crayfish on apple snails. The rate at which crayfish killed individual P. maculata (i.e., kill rates) decreased with snail size, and kill rates on both species increased with crayfish size. Kill rates on juvenile P. maculata were higher than kill rates on size-matched hatchling P. paludosa, and crayfish fed selectively on P. maculata when offered mixed groups of size-matched snails. Further analyses revealed that hatchling P. paludosa possess shells 1.8× heavier than size-matched P. maculata suggesting differences in vulnerability to crayfish were consistent with interspecific differences in shell defenses. Differences in hatchling size and defensive traits in combination make crayfish kill rates on hatchling P. maculata approximately 15.4× faster than on hatchling P. paludosa, but the relative contribution of hatchling size to differences in apple snail vulnerability was >3× greater than the contribution of defensive traits.
Review: Respiratory muscle training does not have important benefits in chronic airflow limitation

Source Citation Smith K, Cook D, Guyatt GH, Madhavan J, Oxman AD. Respiratory muscle training in chronic airflow limitation: a meta-analysis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Mar;145: 533-9.
A reminder of Escherichia coli sepsis-induced reversible cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of myocardium causing either mechanical or electrical disturbances. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is an entity of cardiomyopathy which is reversible in 1â€“2 weeks after recovery from sepsis or septic shock. SICM is thought to have unpredictable cumulative mortality towards sepsis but its exact mechanism remains elusive. We report a case of Escherichia coli SICM in a 63-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of dyspnoea on exertion and orthopnoea following nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea after consuming Chinese foods. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed severely reduced global left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of
Random Walks on a Fractal Solid

It is established that the trapping of a random walker undergoing unbiased, nearest-neighbor displacements on a triangular lattice of Euclidean dimension d=2 is more efficient (i.e., the mean walklength 〈n〉 before trapping of the random walker is shorter) than on a fractal set, the Sierpinski tower, which has a Hausdorff dimension D exactly equal to the Euclidean dimension of the regular lattice. We also explore whether the self similarity in the geometrical structure of the Sierpinski lattice translates into a “self similarity” in diffusional flows, and find that expressions for 〈n〉 having a common analytic form can be obtained for sites that are the first- and second-nearest-neighbors to a vertex trap.
The Teacher-Student Relationship in One-to-One Singing Lessons: An Investigation of Personality and Adult Attachment

The characteristic isolation of one-to-one singing lessons based on two elements confined to work together over time implies strong adaptation in order for the ultimate goal of teaching artistic individuality, maturity and independence to be achieved. In a functional relationship there is space for all attributes to be developed whereas in relationships without solid compatibility, the student’s development might be compromised.
TRENDS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN AEROSPACE MATERIALS

Abstract : Contents: Refractory metals, superalloys, coatings, metal fabrics, metal fuels, foamed materials, translucent BEO, whiskers, composie maerials, ablative plasti chars, elastomers and compliant materals, plastics development, organic and inorganic adhesives, filament windings, metals at cryogenic temperatures, measurement techniques, cushioning materials, shielding materials.
Central Limit Analogues for Markov Population Processes

1. SUMMARY In this paper the main discussion is concerned with obtaining asymptotic results for sequences of birth and death processes which are similar to the central limit theorem for sequences of univariate random variables. The motivation is the need to obtain useful approximations to the distributions of sample paths of processes which arise as models for population growth, but for which Kolmogorov differential equations are intractable. In the first section, univariate processes are considered, and conditions are given for the weak convergence of Z N (t) = {X N (t) - aN}/N, where {X N (t), N = 1,2,…} is a sequence of ergodic birth and death processes, to those of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process N → ∞. A heuristic method is given which may help explain why this convergence holds, and some examples are given for purposes of illustration. The second part deals with multivariate processes, and three examples are considered in detail: a model for the growth of the sexes in a biological population, a multivariate Ehrenfest process, and a model for the growth and interreaction of two cities. The paper concludes with a discussion of various related results. It is shown that in certain special cases it is possible to obtain diffusions other than the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as limits. Finally, heavy traffic results are included for congestion situations originally considered in the special case of time-homogenous arrival rates by Kingman. Transient processes such as epidemics are also shown to exhibit a “central limit” behavior.
Calculation of Doubly Differential Current Albedos for Epicadmium Neutrons Incident on Concrete and Comparison of the Reflected Subcadmium Component with Experiment

Extensive Monte Carlo calculations were performed to determine the distribution in energy and angle of neutrons reflected from steel-reinforced concrete for five incident directions and ten inciden...
Negotiating in the Shadow of Adhesive Arbitration

Dispute resolution scholars have long understood that negotiators bargain in the shadow of the law. Although, historically, most dispute negotiations took place in the shadow of litigation, the increasing use of pre-dispute arbitration agreements (PDAAs) in adhesive consumer, franchise, employment, and investor contracts means that more and more disputants in those settings are negotiating in the shadow of mandatory arbitration, not litigation. Those PDAAs typically are non-negotiable, take-it-or-leave-it clauses in a broader contract of adhesion governing the relationship between a weaker individual and an institution with far greater legal resources and (traditional) bargaining power. The PDAAs might also include a class action waiver, pursuant to which individuals waive their right to pursue any claims collectively with others similarly situated. As a result, parties with claims involving, for example, allegations of defective consumer products, deceptive advertising, fraudulent transactions, or wage and hour violations can attempt to settle or else must pursue arbitration of those claims pursuant to PDAAs. Filing those claims in court is not an option. Bargaining in the shadow of mandatory arbitration alters the landscape for negotiators. How should negotiators adjust? Does the party that "forced" the arbitration on the unknowing (and possibly unwilling) party have more bargaining power? How does this impact the calculation of the BATNA? Is the relative lack of process in arbitration relevant to the negotiators? This article explores how some of the fundamental tenets of negotiation (e.g. interests, power, aspirations, BATNA, zones of agreement) impact the negotiation differently when the parties negotiate disputes arising out of contracts of adhesion that contain a PDAA. This chapter attempts to answer these questions.
Mapping Silences, Reconfiguring Loss: Practices of Damage Assessment & Repair in Post-Earthquake Nepal

In the aftermath of major natural disasters, governments, aid agencies, and affected populations engage in practices of sense-making to gauge the extent and severity of the crisis, direct response activities, and coordinate recovery planning. To understand the conduct and implications of these practices, we examined the official damage assessment implemented by the Government of Nepal following the April 2015 earthquake. In addition, we undertook participatory mapping to examine the consequences of this assessment in the Langtang Valley, a severely-affected area of the country. We argue that the informatics of post-disaster damage assessment in Nepal played a primary role in narrating the events of the 2015 earthquake, legitimating particular paths toward recovery in the aftermath, and limiting opportunities for alternative configurations of social life that emerge during disasters. Our research demonstrates the ways that forms of sense-making afforded by information technologies play central roles in enacting repair-work following crisis and breakdown.
Impact of Receiver FOV and Orientation on Dense Optical Networks

As the technical feasibility of indoor Optical Wireless Communications becomes established, a variety of new system challenges emerge in the quest for higher and denser data rates when employing lighting, or luminaires, for VLC. Supporting device mobility is one such challenge wherein a mobile device equipped with an optical receiver will transit a field of optical access points (APs) and will require one or more handovers between APs. Of course, the nature of the handovers is dependent on the behavior of the user and the design constraints for the placement of the luminaires&#x002F;APs within the indoor space. In this paper we focus on modeling a parameterized system for studying the handover performance for mobile users with different receiver characteristics including field of view (FOV) and orientation with respect to overhead APs. Results indicate the utility of our system models for characterizing handover performance for a reference indoor space and AP placement. We also describe several handover strategies providing performance gains in terms of reducing the number and frequency of handovers for a user in the system. Lastly, we show the linkage between a wide FOV and a narrow FOV in terms of optimizing system performance. In the future we expect to drive simulations based on representative mobility behavior derived from empirical models of user behavior in an indoor space.
Trajectory-adjusted electronic zero point energy in classical Meyer-Miller vibronic dynamics: Symmetrical quasiclassical application to photodissociation.

An electronic zero-point energy (ZPE) adjustment protocol is presented within the context of the symmetrical quasiclassical (SQC) quantization of the electronic oscillator degrees of freedom (DOF) in classical Meyer-Miller (MM) vibronic dynamics for the molecular dynamics treatment of electronically nonadiabatic processes. The “adjustment” procedure maintains the same initial and final distributions of coordinates and momenta in the electronic oscillator DOF as previously given by the SQC windowing protocol but modifies the ZPE parameter in the MM Hamiltonian, on a per trajectory basis, so that the initial nuclear forces are precisely those corresponding to the initial electronic quantum state. Examples demonstrate that this slight modification to the standard SQC/MM approach significantly improves treatment of the multistate nonadiabatic dynamics following a Franck-Condon type vertical excitation onto a highly repulsive potential energy surface as is typical in the photodissociation context.
Dentists’ willingness to screen for cardiovascular disease in the dental care setting: Findings from a nationally representative survey

Objective Dental clinics offer an untapped health care setting to expand access to screening and early identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examined the correlates of dentists' willingness to provide CVD screening in the dental care setting. Methods Private practice and public health general dentists in the U.S. participated in a nationally representative survey from 2010 to 2011. The survey examined dentists' willingness to provide a finger stick test to support CVD screening and agreement that their professional role should include CVD screening. Results Data analysed from 1802 respondents indicated that 46.6% of dentists were willing to provide CVD screening. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dentists' willingness to screen for CVD was associated with currently screening for hypertension (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.01, 2.20), screening for obesity (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17, 2.36) and agreement that their role as health care professionals includes CVD screening (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI 2.15, 4.29). Dentists' agreement that their role includes CVD screening was associated with self-rated knowledge of CVD (good vs none or limited) and CVD training during their professional education (5 to 8 hours of training vs none or limited), (AOR = 5.75, 95% CI 2.26, 14.62) and (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI 2.17, 6.80), respectively. Conclusions Our study highlights strategies that may be employed to expand future access to early detection of CVD risk. Including CVD screening instruction and clinical screening experiences in dental school curriculum may serve as catalysts to reshape the future scope of dental practice.
On the Interpretation of do(x)do(x)

This paper provides empirical interpretation of the do(x)do(x) operator when applied to non-manipulable variables such as race, obesity, or cholesterol level. We view do(x)do(x) as an ideal intervention that provides valuable information on the effects of manipulable variables and is thus empirically testable. We draw parallels between this interpretation and ways of enabling machines to learn effects of untried actions from those tried. We end with the conclusion that researchers need not distinguish manipulable from non-manipulable variables; both types are equally eligible to receive the do(x)do(x) operator and to produce useful information for decision makers.
Toxicokinetic testing strategies to demonstrate bone marrow exposure in in vivo micronucleus study for genotoxicity assessment of agrochemicals

Following adoption of the new OECD test guideline (TG) 474 for the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus (MN) test (29 July 2016), demonstration of exposure of target tissue (bone marrow) is required, if the test result is negative i.e. no cytogenetic damage. It implies that for many active ingredients, relevant metabolites or significant impurities with existing in vivo MN tests resulting in negative genotoxicity findings, evidence of target tissue exposure may be lacking and is considered a data gap in regulatory reviews. We present here toxicokinetic (TK) testing strategies for the design and conduct of studies that would demonstrate evidence of delivery of the test substance to the bone marrow. To illustrate this, three examples are presented with methods utilized under each scenario. We also propose a decision tree that may help design suitable TK studies to establish evidence of bone marrow exposure.
Phonological rule spreading across hostile lines: (TH)-fronting in Philadelphia

This article examines the transfer of (TH)-fronting, a phonological feature of African American English, into the speech of white speakers from South Philadelphia. While most cases of linguistic diffusion, particularly of African American English, are found in speakers with a positive affiliation with the source dialect (e.g., Bucholtz, 1999; Cutler, 1999; Fix, 2010), here the white adopters of (TH)-fronting exhibit overtly hostile attitudes toward black neighbors. I argue that (TH)-fronting has been adopted as an index of street or masculinity by the white speakers in this study. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the phonological constraints on borrowed (TH)-fronting have been restricted and simplified from the constraints in the source dialect. Finally, I discuss how hostile interactions may play a role in language change, allowing change in dialects not only to proceed in tandem across unexpected boundaries (e.g., Milroy & Milroy, 1985), but also to be directly diffused across hostile boundaries.
An Interactive Online Electron Microscopy Platform Integrating Classroom Lectures and Lab Practice

The Online Electron Microscopy Platform makes electron microscopy education accessible by combining simulation-based practice with a range of educational content. Students learn how to operate electron microscopes by using virtual microscopes that precisely simulate the functions of real microscopes. Built as a web application, the platform can be used by an unlimited number of people and at any time. This platform reduces the time needed for training users to operate a real microscope. By preparing students in STEM disciplines to use electron microscopes, the system helps them acquire the skills they need to succeed in the modern workforce.
Primary pulmonary cystic Echinococcus in an immunocompetent patient.

A 60-year-old man was referred to the interventional pulmonology clinic with a large right-sided intraparenchymal lung mass and a second, smaller lesion in the left lower lobe, accompanied by intermittent haemoptysis, fever, chills, productive cough of white phlegm as well as dizziness and weakness. He had presented previously and was being evaluated for the possibility of malignancy. Investigations had revealed ‘hooklets’ (protoscolices) of hydatid cysts, most likely representing the parasite Echinococcus. Successful surgical excision of the affected lobe, lung decortication, partial pleurectomy and pneumolysis of the adhesions was performed, along with long-term antiparasitic therapy. The initial differential diagnosis for this patient was challenging and required multimodal investigations. The patient made good recovery and continued to be followed by infectious disease specialists for management of antiparasitic therapy.
The Influence of Economic Geography on Individual Campaign Contributions

Political behavior takes place within a geospatial context, yet studies of political phenomena frequently ignore the influence of geography. In this paper we examine how the spatial structure of a citizen’s regional economy affects an important and understudied form of political participation – individual contributions to candidates for the U.S. Congress. We hypothesize that citizens living in more interconnected regions will be more likely than citizens living in less connected regions to target their donations to candidates throughout their region. To test this hypothesis, we geo-locate all campaign contributions to U.S. Congressional candidates made by individual donors in the 2007-08 election cycle. We use several measures to characterize the interconnectedness of the donor’s MSA. Our results indicate that citizens direct their campaign donations in ways that reflect their spatial context, particularly the economic geography of their region. This result has important implications for how we understand and study political behavior.
The Unseen Fat Woman: Fatness, Stigma, and Invisibility in Mrs. Wolowitz from The Big Bang Theory

In The Big Bang Theory, Mrs. Wolowitz is theonly fat character on the show but is also the only character to never have her entire body shown to viewers. This essay analyzes the implications of removing the fat body from visual displays and how the show situates Mrs. Wolowitz within the contexts of the freak show, fat stigma, and corrective health narratives, which ultimately demandsthat fat bodies never be displayed to viewers.
Smart Plug 2.0: Solid State Smart Plugs Preventing Fire and Shock Hazards in Smart Homes and Offices

Smart Plugs are a type of popular consumer products controlling electrical loads via WiFi communication. This paper introduces a new Smart Plug 2.0 concept which offers all-in-one protection against overload, short circuit, arc, ground, or voltage surge faults in addition to the basic power control function. It aims at preventing fire and shock hazards caused by aged or damaged power cords in homes and offices. Smart Plug 2.0 uses power MOSFETs instead of commonly used relays and sophisticated fault detection hardware/software. It offers a μs-scale time resolution to detect and respond to a fault condition, and reduces the electrothermal stress on the house wiring by at least 5X in comparison to the existing protection solution. A 120V/10A prototype is built and the testing results are reported in this paper.
What's Love Got to do with It? Equality, Equity, Commitment and Women's Marital Quality

The companionate theory of marriage suggests that egalitarianism in practice and belief leads to higher marital quality for wives and higher levels of positive emotion work on the part of husbands. Our analysis of women's marital quality and men's marital emotion work provides little evidence in support of this theory. Rather, in examining women's marital quality and men's emotional investments in marriage, we find that dyadic commitment to institutional ideals about marriage and women's contentment with the division of household tasks are more critical. We also show that men's marital emotion work is a very important determinant of women's marital quality. We conclude by noting that her marriage is happiest when it combines elements of the new and old: that is, gender equity and normative commitment to the institution of marriage.
Implications of Left Ventricular Dysfunction at Presentation Among Infants with Coarctation of the Aorta

Purpose: Infants with delayed diagnosis of aortic coarctation may present with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction that could complicate their post-operative course and lead to increased healthcare costs. We aimed to determine the prevalence of moderate-severe LV dysfunction among infants presenting with coarctation, describe their outcomes, and assess their health care resource utilization. Methods: The institutional database at a tertiary care children’s hospital was queried (2010-2018) using surgical codes for coarctation repair with/without arch reconstruction in this retrospective cohort study. Infants < 6 months old were included if they had no additional …
The Correlation Between Playground Management and the Safety in the Primary School, Pathumthani Province, Thailand

The objective of this research is to study the correlation between playground management and the safety in the primary school, Pathumthani province, Thailand. The sample group consisted of parents, teachers in the primary schools, in the area of Pathunthani province, Thailand. Using the random stratifying sampling technique, classified by the types of questionnaires respondents. A sample group of 384 person is from Krejce and Morgan chart. Tools are questionnaires, statistic is by mean, pearson’s simple correlation moment product. From the study it is found that 1) Overall, the levels of primary school playground management are at a moderate level 2) The safety levels in the primary school, Pathumthani, overall, are at a good level 3) The teacher’s opinion on the playground management is higher than that of the parent’s with statistic significant at .01 4) The teacher’s opinion on the safety in the school, is higher than that of the parent’s with statistic significant at .01 and 5) The correlation between the playground management and the safety in the school, overall, is at a very low level with statistic significant at .05, correlation coefficient at .123.
Nonlinearity And Waves In Capacitively-Coupled Plasma Processing Discharges

Capacitively-coupled plasmas (CCP's) are widely used at low pressures for thin film etching on silicon substrates and, at higher pressures, for film deposition on silicon and very large glass substrates. These applications require extreme processing uniformity. At higher driving frequency and/or larger area, the radial wavelengths of the propagating surface waves in the plasma can become comparable to the substrate or reactor size, leading to standing wave effects and center-high plasma non-uniformities.
Linguistic Turns in Modern Philosophy

This book traces the linguistic turns in the history of modern philosophy and the development of the philosophy of language from Locke to Wittgenstein. It examines the contributions of canonical figures such as Leibniz, Mill, Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Austin, Quine, and Davidson, as well as those of Condillac, Humboldt, Chomsky, and Derrida. Michael Losonsky argues that the philosophy of language begins with Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding. He shows how the history of the philosophy of language in the modern period is marked by a dichotomy between formal and pragmatic perspectives on language and that modern philosophy has not been able to integrate these two aspects of human language. Language as a human activity and language as a syntactic and semantic system remain distinct and competing focal points, although the interplay between these points of view has driven the development of the philosophy of language.
Social Contexts of Infant Feeding and Infant Feeding Decisions

Background:Infant feeding takes place within a network of social relationships. However, the social context in which infant feeding advice is received remains underresearched.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the social contexts of infant feeding by examining individual and relationship characteristics of mothers and network members associated with advice to exclusively breastfeed, exclusively formula feed, or use a combination of breast milk and formula.Methods:Information about 287 network members was reported by 80 low-income mothers during a one-time survey. Characteristics of relationships associated with mothers receiving advice (exclusively breastfeed/formula feed, combination feed) from each network member were identified using 2-level logistic regression analyses.Results:Mothers had greater odds of receiving advice to exclusively breastfeed from network members who help make feeding decisions (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-4.42), exclusively breastf...
Grease Penetration and Browning Resistance of Pulpboard and Paperboard Coated with Whey Protein

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) was explored alone and in combination with sucrose (Suc) plasticizer as a grease-barrier coating for bulrush pulpboard and solid bleached sulfate paperboard used in food packaging. WPC-coated and WPC : Suc-coated pulpboards showed better oil-barrier properties compared with untreated, water-treated or Suc-coated pulpboards. Coating formulations with 10% WPC, without and with Suc, resulted in oil barriers comparable with commercial fluorinated hydrocarbon for pulpboard. When pulpboard trays containing cheesy pasta were microwave-heated, 10% WPC : 20% Suc solution-coated trays showed grease barrier property comparable with fluorinated hydrocarbon-treated trays. Caramelization and Maillard browning of WPC and WPC : Suc coatings were initiated at 300°F, but microwave-heated foods do not normally reach this high temperature. Paperboard with 10% WPC : 20% Suc solution coating had oil barrier comparable with polyethylene-coated paperboards. WPC : Suc solution mixture at 2.5% : 5% and 3.3% : 7% were determined as the solution concentration minima for 4 and 24 h tests, respectively. HunterLab colorimeter L and b values indicated slight colour change of the paperboard coated with the higher WPC concentration solutions. Coating resulted in thicker paperboards but not in a linear manner. The 10% WPC : 20% Suc solution-coated solid bleached sulfate paperboards on which slabs of butter sat in a refrigerator did not show any butterfat penetration, comparable with polyethylene-coated paperboards and unlike uncoated paperboards that showed poor butterfat-barrier properties. WPC : Suc coating was shown in this study to have potential to replace synthetic materials as a grease barrier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility

On behalf of the ASSETS 2012 Program Committee, it is my pleasure to welcome you to an exciting technical program offered by the Fourteenth International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. The technical program of 25 podium presentations and 46 posters and demonstrations has been selected through peer-review by a distinguished international program committee. This committee had the very difficult job of assembling a conference program from the diverse set of very highquality submissions. We received submissions from more than 20 different countries. The podium presentations were selected from 88 full-length submissions (a 28% acceptance rate), and have been organized into 9 themes including designing for older adults, understanding aging performance, accessibility at large, shared work, screen reader usage, interactions without sight, visual impairment simulation, communication aids and sign language. The accepted papers address a variety of assistive technology users including older adults, people who use sign language, and people with visual, intellectual, mobility and speech impairments. The Program Committee was also involved in the poster and demonstration program, which was chaired by Faustina Hwang. These 46 presentations were selected from 65 submissions (a 70% acceptance rate). The posters and demonstrations provide an opportunity to showcase late-breaking results as well as work in progress and practical implementations. Posters and demonstrations and selected ACM Student Research Competition entries are represented by abstracts in these proceedings and in two poster sessions during the conference. The winners of the ACM Student Research Competition will go on to compete in the ACM-wide grand finals, where ASSETS entrants have established a strong track record. The poster sessions will also showcase participants in the Doctoral Consortium. This one-day workshop preceding the main conference brought together 10 emerging researchers working on accessibility to discuss their ideas with a panel of established experts. A special edition of the SIGACCESS newsletter will feature extended abstracts from these doctoral students.
Neuropsychiatric Problems in the Elderly

The number of persons 65 years and older has increased steadily in the twentieth century and is now approximately 26 million (almost 12% of the population); before 2035, 20% of the population of the United States, approximately 56 million people,1 will be over 65; indeed, the most rapidly growing portion of the population is the group of individuals over age 75.
Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream i. ii. 113

(1975). Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream i. ii. 113. The Explicator: Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 71-72.
Flow of magnetorheological fluids in channels with impregnated porous walls

This work presents an experimental study to examine the flow properties of magneto-rheological fluids (MR) fluids in channel flow. The channel walls are non-ferrous porous surfaces impregnated with a MR fluid. The porous walls are impregnated with no flow through the porous media. Different porosity sizes and two different impregnation techniques are studied. The pressure drop and flow rate data are obtained for each porosity and impregnation technique. It is demonstrated that under an applied magnetic field, the impregnated porous wall surface increases the pressure drop significantly, when compared to a smooth surfaces with no porosities. The pressure drop can be increased by 65% without changing the channel size and MR fluid's properties.
Photon-stimulated desorption and other spectroscopic studies of the interaction of oxygen with a titanium (001) surface

Synchrotron radiation at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility at the National Bureau of Standards has been employed to study the adsorption of oxygen on a Ti(001) surface using photon-stimulated desorption (PSD), electron-stimulated desorption (ESD), and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The dominant ESD and PSD products observed for oxygen exposures greater than one langmuir are ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ ions having a most probable kinetic energy of about 3 eV. The photon energy dependence of the PSD ion yield is similar to the major features of the constant final-state secondary-electron yield although there are some differences in detail. This similarity is consistent with the ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ desorption being initiated by the production of a Ti $3p$ core hole as suggested by the Knotek-Feibelman Auger decay mechanism. The dependence of the ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ ion yield on oxygen exposure and surface temperature is compared with UPS and work-function measurements. These data indicate that surface oxidation occurs at temperatures as low as 90 K and that at least a fraction of the surface oxide is electronically similar to the maximal valency compound Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Vision as temporal trace.

Most current models of human and animal vision assume that the processes of vision involve 2D (or even 3D) internal representations of the external world - an iconic representation. Within these models, recognition involves some form of lineal, areal or volumetric comparison of these internal representations (either learned or innate) with current sensory inputs. However, this view has recently come under criticism. In this paper, a neural model of vision is explored in which this iconic world view is replaced by a temporally ordered trace of (essentially) local features. The model employs hierarchical, recurrently linked, self-organizing topological maps.