cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic evidence against the role of 2-acyl glycerols in the biosynthesis of 1-alkyl-2,3-diacyl glycerols in marine fish

Abstract The molecular structures of 1-alkyl-2,3-diacyl glycerols from the liver of dogfish (Squalus acanthias) revealed an accumulation of C20 and C22 polyenoic acids on position 2 that is characteristic of marine glycerolipids. The presence of these acids on position 2 may imply biosynthesis from exogenous 2-acyl glycerols. However, data on incorporation of radioactivity from [1-14C]palmitic acid, which revealed extensive metabolism of acyl groups on position 2, argues against such a pathway. The structural data can be ruled out by the metabolic data, except for the possibility of a small degree of biosynthesis of 1-alkyl-2,3-diacyl glycerols from a discrete pool of 2-acyl glycerols.
A hierarchical picture coding scheme

Abstract The coding of the picture information is an important field for study with a great variety of applications. In this paper we present a hierarchical scheme for coding of a reduced amount of picture information, by combining efficiently two hierarchical data structures. In particular, the pyramid data structure is used to generate the pyramid of the average intensities of a picture P ( N , N ). The regular decomposition method is applied on the above pyramid in order to reduce the picture information hierarchically. On the reduced picture information, an orthogonal transformation coding scheme is applied.
Wide-field-of-view millimeter-wave telescope design with ultra-low cross-polarization

As millimeter-wave arrays become available, off-axis imaging performance of the fore optics increases in importance due to the relatively large physical extent of the arrays. Typically, simple optical telescope designs are adapted to millimeter-wave imaging but single-mirror spherical or classic conic designs cannot deliver adequate image quality except near the optical axis. Since millimeter-wave designs are quasi-optical, optical ray tracing and commercial design software can be used to optimize designs to improve off-axis imaging as well as minimize cross-polarization. Methods that obey the Dragone-Mizuguchi condition for the design of reflective millimeter-wave telescopes with low cross-polarization also provide additional degrees of freedom that offer larger fields of view than possible with single-reflector designs. Dragone's graphical design method does not lend itself readily to computer-based optical design approaches, but subsequent authors expanded on Dragone's geometric design approach with analytic expressions that describe the location, shape, off-axis height and tilt of the telescope elements that satisfy Dragone's design rules and can be used as a first-order design for subsequent computer-based design and optimization. We investigate two design variants that obey the Dragone-Mizuguchi conditions that exhibit ultra-low cross-polarization and a large diffraction-limited field of view well suited to millimeter-wave imaging arrays.
A theoretical Q-learning temporary security repair

This research summarizes the first attempt to incorporate Q-learning algorithm in software security. The Q-learning method is embedded as part of the software itself to provide a security mechanism that has ability to learn by itself to develop a temporary repair mechanism. The results of the experiment express that given the right parameters and the right setting the Q-learning approach rapidly learns to block all malicious actions. Data analysis on the Q-values produced by the software can provide security diagnostic as well. A larger scale experiment with extended parameter testing is expected to be seen in the future work.
Field ion microscope studies of the propagation of substrate grain boundaries into an overgrowth

Abstract The roles of substrate grain boundaries and substrate surface topography in the nucleation and growth characteristics of thin and thick overgrowths were evaluated through field ion and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results of these studies, utilizing both electrodeposited and vapor-deposited overgrowths, indicate that the substrate surface topography is generally continued in the overgrowths at thin coverages. Nucleation and growth characteristics are seen to be influenced more by surface asperities than by the existence of grain boundaries on substrate surfaces. Grain boundaries (or the interaction of grain boundaries with the substrate surface) are not observed to be sites for preferential nucleation and growth of thin films although they can act as a source for recrystallization and grain growth in thicker overgrowths (greater than 20μm).
The configuration of a cable towed in a circular path.

The problem of determining the equilibrium configuration of a cable towed in a circular path has both mathematical and practical interest. Mathematically, this interest is generated because of the multivalued nature of the boundary value problem. Practically, this interest arises because the towed drogue, for certain ranges of the governing parameters, obtains an equilibrium position very near the axis of rotation thus enabling pinpoint deliveries of payloads from fixed-wing aircraft. In this paper, the circular towing problem for a flexible, inextensible cable is examined. The equations of equilibrium and the boundary conditions which govern the cable configuration are derived and nondimensionalized to isolate the important parameters. The significance of these parameters for modeling the towing system is discussed. Finally, extensive numerical results are obtained for a particular airborne system. This example shows that an intimate relation exists between the mathematically interesting multivalued regions of solution and the practically interesting regions for which large towline verticality and small drogue radius are simultaneously present.
Organizing pneumonia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: CT features in 16 patients.

PURPOSE To evaluate computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients with organizing pneumonia (OP) complicating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of patients who underwent HSCT at our institution identified 16 patients who had documented OP on biopsy. Computed tomographic scans were reviewed by 2 thoracic radiologists. RESULTS Ground glass opacities (GGO) were seen in 15 patients, consolidation in 8 patients, linear opacities in 8 patients, traction bronchiectasis in 2 patients, and septal thickening in 2 patients. Ground glass opacity was the dominant abnormality in 7 patients, consolidation in 4 patients, and linear opacities in 5 patients. Peribronchovascular distribution was found in 4 patients, peripheral in 2 patients, diffuse in 3 patients; upper lung predominance was found in 10 patients, and lower lung predominance in 5 patients. CONCLUSION The principal computed tomographic features of OP after HSCT are ground glass opacities, consolidation and linear opacities, with upper lung predominance. Allowing for a possible sampling bias, these findings differ from those reported in cryptogenic OP and OP from other causes.
Very high efficiency fusion reactor concept

Very high fusion reactor net efficiencies (>65%) are shown to be feasible through a new mode of advanced fuel tandem mirror operation. Inducing nonadiabaticity for fusion products not needed to sustain the plasma against losses enhances their end loss rate, leading to a narrow end loss energy spectrum and resultant very high efficiency direct electrostatic conversion. Magnetic field gradients required for non-adiabaticity are estimated, an approximate power balance is calculated, and a reference case is generated. Operation of D-3He reactors in this mode is particularly interesting, because of the recent discovery of a substantial 3He resource on the lunar surface.
User Effort Related to Apartment Design

To study the quality of the interior physical environment of apartment dwellings for the users and their activities, 115 residents in two-bedroom apartments were interviewed using a structured schedule. To obtain an evaluation of the human costs of using the environment, respondents rated their effort for tasks in each room. The users' evaluations of specific design features helped interpret ratings. Of 5, 059 ratings of effort relative to effect of room design on 22 tasks, 50 percent were decreased effort, 23 percent little effect on effort, 27 percent in creased effort. Ratings of increased effort averaged 11.87 per respondent. Implicated espe cially were kitchen, entry, and bathroom designs. Negative evaluations of storage, space, floor and wall materials, and sound insulation were associated (χ2) with increased effort. As satisfac tion with apartment decreased, the average number of ratings of increased effort increased. User characteristics, including presence of a child, wife's employment, and the habit of sav ing/collecting things, were also examined. This research provides descriptive information about effects of some design decisions on user effort.
Computing Partitions with Applications to the Knapsack Problem

Given r numbers s1, …, sr, algorithms are investigated for finding all possible combinations of these numbers which sum to M. This problem is a particular instance of the 0-1 unidimensional knapsack problem. All of the usual algorithms for this problem are investigated in terms of both asymptotic computing times and storage requirements, as well as average computing times. We develop a technique which improves all of the dynamic programming methods by a square root factor. Empirical studies indicate this new algorithm to be generally superior to all previously known algorithms. We then show how this improvement can be incorporated into the more general 0-1 knapsack problem obtaining a square root improvement in the asymptotic behavior. A new branch and search algorithm that is significantly faster than the Greenberg and Hegerich algorithm is also presented. The results of extensive empirical studies comparing these knapsack algorithms are given
Nitrate–nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for identification of nitrate sources and dominant nitrogen cycle processes in a tile-drained dryland agricultural field

Abstract Agricultural systems are a leading source of reactive nitrogen to aquatic and atmospheric ecosystems. In this study environmental δ 15 N nitrate and δ 18 O nitrate are used to identify the dominant nitrogen cycle processes and sources of NO 3 − leached from a tile-drained, dryland agricultural field. Tile-drain water discharge δ 18 O nitrate values suggest nitrification is the dominant soil nitrogen cycle process throughout the 5-year study period, because the expected δ 18 O nitrate from nitrification is indistinguishable from the measured value of −1.3 ± 1.5‰. Given this there is no evidence that denitrification was occurring at a large enough scale to influence [NO 3 − ]. Values for δ 15 N nitrate varied seasonally during the high-discharge season (January through May) and low-discharge season (June through December) with weighted means of 1.0 ± 1.0‰ and 4.7 ± 2.3‰ respectively. This suggests that during the high-discharge season NO 3 − originates from nitrification of NH 4 + fertilizer, and during the low-discharge season NO 3 − originates from mineralized soil organic nitrogen. The estimated travel time through the soil for nitrified NH 4 + fertilizer leached during the high-discharge season is less than 6 months, from fall fertilizer application to leaching through the tile-drain. This study suggests that understanding the hydrology of a region is necessary before dominant nitrogen cycling processes can be reliably determined.
Distribution of the elastic fiber and associated proteins in flexor tendon reflects function.

The elastic fiber is known to be an important component of skin, lung, and vasculature. Much less is known about the distribution of elastin and elastic fiber-related proteins in connective tissues, yet genetic defects of elastic fiber constituents can lead to deficiencies in these tissues. For the first time, we determine the distribution of elastin, fibrillins 1 and 2, and microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGPs) 1 and 2 in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon. Three functionally distinct regions of the FDP tendon, the fibrocartilagenous (FC) region, avascular/tensional (AV/T) region, and insertion region, were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods for these five proteins. Biochemical analysis of desmosine content, an elastin-specific cross-link, demonstrated the presence of elastin in each region, and this was verified histochemically. The fibrillins were found with elastin and also pericellularly with internal fibroblasts where elastin was not detected. Although there was overlapping distribution, fibrillin 2 was more prominent in the interior of the tendon while fibrillin 1 was prominent in outer cell layers that contained elastic fibers. Both MAGP-1 and -2 were found throughout the tendon, although the greatest abundance was near the tendon insertion to bone. Surprisingly, MAGP-1 demonstrated a filamentous appearance within the fibrocartilage that did not correspond to the fibrillin 1 or 2 or MAGP-2 staining pattern. Lastly, we have shown that a vincular membrane located along the dorsal surface of the tendon near the insertion has a very high elastin content and a unique interface with the tendon that consists of an elastic anchor within the tendon body.
An Integrated Zeolite Membrane/RuO2 Photocatalyst System for Hydrogen Production from Water

A zeolite Y membrane on a RuO2 containing alumina support for photochemical applications is described. Nanofingers of ruthenium oxide are assembled within the alumina support by thermal decomposition of ruthenium dodecacarbonyl followed by oxidation of the metal. Hydrogen evolution was monitored on the “dark” alumina side upon visible light illumination of a solution of sensitizer Ru(bpy)32+, electron acceptor N,N‘-trimethylene-2,2‘-bipyridinium (DQ2+), and sacrificial electron donor EDTA on the zeolite side of the membrane. The zeolite was ion-exchanged with DQ2+, and propylviologen sulfonate (PVS) was present in solution on the alumina side of the membrane. It is proposed that upon photoexcitation, DQ+• radical is formed in solution on the zeolite side, which can exchange charge with DQ2+ in the zeolite. Charge diffusion via self-exchange of electrons within the DQ2+/zeolite leads to charge migration onto the zeolite/alumina interface of the membrane and electron donation to PVS. Hydrogen is produced by...
Correction of Brow Ptosis

Brow ptosis should be corrected prior to a blepharoplasty. The superotemporal approach can be used, but the supraciliary incision is the preferred technique.
Sex, lifespan and smoking

Es wird der Nachweis gefuhrt, dass die durch hoheren Stoffwechsel bedingte kurzere Lebensdauer der Manner durch Rauchen besonders in der Altersgruppe zwischen 25 und 55 zusatzlich verkurzt wird.
Postischemic function and protein kinase C signal transduction.

Abstract Background . The protective effects of myocardial preconditioning may occur by way of multiple mechanisms, with G-protein-mediated protein kinase C (PKC) translocation as a final common pathway. In this study we investigate the pharmacologic induction of preconditioning, by PKC translocation, using PKC agonists/antagonists to reveal its effects on contractile function after myocardial ischemia. Methods . Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts received: (1) control; (2) dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle); (3) acetylcholine (0.55 mmol/L; PKC agonist); (4) 1,2- s,n -dioctanoylglycerol (DOG; 22 mmol/L; PKC agonist); (5) chelerythrine (0.8 mmol/L; PKC antagonist); or (6) DOG–chelerythrine followed by a 2-hour ischemic period, using modified St. Thomas cardioplegia and a 45-minute reperfusion period. The period of ischemia was chosen so as to allow for improvement by appropriate agonists. To observe metabolic changes, tissue nucleotides and nucleosides were measured. Membrane and cytosolic fractions of PKC were determined by an anti-PKC antibody directed against the PKC δ isozyme. Lactate levels and myocardial pH were measured. Results . The PKC agonists DOG and acetylcholine showed the greatest recovery of developed pressure (68% ± 2%, 60% ± 9%, respectively). Although pH, lactate, and nucleotide levels were similar between groups at all times, myocyte PKC translocation demonstrated 25% of PKC δ isoforms on cell membrane sites during baseline, which shifted to 67% ± 17% with unprotected ischemia. DOG mimicked this shift with 58% ± 12% of PKC δ isoforms on membranes, which was also blocked by chelerythrine to 35% ± 7%. Conclusions . These data demonstrate that PKC translocation results in improved postischemic function, not by alteration of energetics or metabolism, and deserves further investigation.
M-shaped asymmetric nonlinear oscillator for broadband vibration energy harvesting: Harmonic balance analysis and experimental validation

Abstract Over the past few years, nonlinear oscillators have been given growing attention due to their ability to enhance the performance of energy harvesting devices by increasing the frequency bandwidth. Duffing oscillators are a type of nonlinear oscillator characterized by a symmetric hardening or softening cubic restoring force. In order to realize the cubic nonlinearity in a cantilever at reasonable excitation levels, often an external magnetic field or mechanical load is imposed, since the inherent geometric nonlinearity would otherwise require impractically high excitation levels to be pronounced. As an alternative to magnetoelastic structures and other complex forms of symmetric Duffing oscillators, an M-shaped nonlinear bent beam with clamped end conditions is presented and investigated for bandwidth enhancement under base excitation. The proposed M-shaped oscillator made of spring steel is very easy to fabricate as it does not require extra discrete components to assemble, and furthermore, its asymmetric nonlinear behavior can be pronounced yielding broadband behavior under low excitation levels. For a prototype configuration, linear and nonlinear system parameters extracted from experiments are used to develop a lumped-parameter mathematical model. Quadratic damping is included in the model to account for nonlinear dissipative effects. A multi-term harmonic balance solution is obtained to study the effects of higher harmonics and a constant term. A single-term closed-form frequency response equation is also extracted and compared with the multi-term harmonic balance solution. It is observed that the single-term solution overestimates the frequency of upper saddle-node bifurcation point and underestimates the response magnitude in the large response branch. Multi-term solutions can be as accurate as time-domain solutions, with the advantage of significantly reduced computation time. Overall, substantial bandwidth enhancement with increasing base excitation is validated experimentally, analytically, and numerically. As compared to the 3 dB bandwidth of the corresponding linear system with the same linear damping ratio, the M-shaped oscillator offers 3200, 5600, and 8900 percent bandwidth enhancement at the root-mean-square base excitation levels of 0.03 g , 0.05 g , and 0.07 g , respectively. The M-shaped configuration can easily be exploited in piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting as well as their hybrid combinations due to the existence of both large strain and kinetic energy regions. A demonstrative case study is given for electromagnetic energy harvesting, revealing the importance of higher harmonics and the need for multi-term harmonic balance analysis for predicting the electrical power output accurately.
Effect of Foot Spacing on Velocity in Sprints

Abstract Twenty-eight members of a track and field class for male physical education majors at the University of Oregon were timed from the bunch, medium, and elongated starting positions for distances of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 yds. Every distance was sprinted in less time from the medium starting position than from either the bunch or the elongated starting positions. These differences were significant, however, only when the times from medium and elongated starts for distances of 10, 20, 30, and 50 yds. were compared. A significantly shorter mean time was also required to sprint 30 yds. from the bunch than from the elongated starting position.
Crystallization of fluorozirconate glasses

The crystallization of a number of glasses of the fluorozirconate family has been studied (using powder X-ray diffraction and DSC) as a function of time and temperature of heating. The main crystalline phases were beta BaZrF6 and beta BaZr2F10. Stable and metastble transformations to the low-temperature alpha phases were also investigated. The size of crystallites in fully devitrified glasses was calculated (from line broadening of the X-ray diffraction peaks) to be about 60 nm.
Induction of a high affinity nitrosamine demethylase in rat liver microsomes by acetone and isopropanol.

Abstract The effects of acetone and isopropanol on the microsomal monooxygenase system have been investigated to study the role of this enzyme system in the metabolism of nitrosamines. Treatment of rats with acetone or isopropanol (2.5–5 ml/kg, i.g.) causes a 3–4.5-fold enhancement in the NADPH-dependent nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMAd) activity. This is accompanied by only moderate increases in the gross cytochrome P -450 ( P -450) content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Several other monooxygenase activities were increased to different extents from an 8% increase in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase to a 261% increase in ethoxycoumarin O -dealkylase activities. Kinetic analysis indicates that a low K m form of NDMAd ( K m = 0.07 mM) is induced by these treatments. In the microsomes of the treated rats, this high affinity form becomes predominant, in contrast to control microsomes which possess at least three K m -values for NDMAd. The treatment also enhances the metabolism of nitrosomethylethylamine, nitrosomethylbenzylamine and nitrosomethylaniline although to lesser extents than with nitrosodimethylamine. Several lines of observations suggest that the enhanced NDMAd is due to the induction of one or more specific P -450 isozyme(s) by pretreatment with acetone or isopropanol: (a) The treatment induces proteins with molecular weights (M r ) of 50 000 and 52 000 which are in the range of known P -450 isozymes. (b) The induction of these proteins and NDMAd activity was inhibited by CoCl 2 and cycloheximide. (c) The induced microsomes had a peak at 450.6 nm different from the 450.0 nm peak of control microsomes. When added to the incubation mixture, both acetone and isopropanol inhibit NDMAd activity. Isopropanol is more potent than acetone and is shown to be a competitive inhibitor with a K i -value of 0.151 mM.
NLOS UV communication systems using spectral amplitude coding

In this paper a novel design for improving the performance of non-line of sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communication systems using spectral amplitude coding (SAC) is proposed. The same technique as in SAC-OCDMA systems is used as a high-order modulation instead of as a code. Intersymbol interference (ISI) and receiver noise are considered as the main limiting factors. The NLOS channel is modeled to obtain the ISI coefficients. Two bounds are presented and compared with simulation results for different number of symbols and for various geometries. The proposed system can support longer distances for the performance compared with on-off keying (OOK) systems.
Mineral Absorption in 6-Month-Old Breast-Fed Infants. 3

Background: There are minimal data regarding mineral absorption in older infants who are fed solid foods (beikost) in addition to milk. Use of stable isotope techniques allows for the measurement of mineral absorption in this population.
Noise correlations exist for independent RF coils.

It is shown that contrary to the contention of Jesmanowicz et al. (Magn. Reson. Med. 20, 36, 1991), noise voltages from coupled magnetic resonance imaging coils may exhibit cross correlation. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Rotation-, translation-, and scaling-invariant color image indexing

This paper describes a rotation, translation, and scaling (RTS) invariant color image indexing technique for imaging database systems. The features used for image indexing are color based, which are extracted, using the principal component analysis, Hotelling transform, and moment invariants. This synthesized feature extraction technique is devised to be computationally efficient for on-line fast image storage and retrieval, using color information. Since the database indexing relies on the use of average (mean) color vector, and seven moment invariants of an image, the index storage requirement of the method is only a ten- dimensional (10-D) vector. This index storage efficiency is very desirable for many imaging database applications. A new similarity measure is also proposed, based on the Tanimoto measure of recognizing similar patterns for fast image retrieval in large database systems. The underlying similarity measure is computationally effective, since the vector inner product is the only operation needed for its computation. Four databases are used in the computer simulation of the algorithm, to demonstrate the RTS property of the image retrieval. It is determined, experimentally, that the proposed method is not affected by substantial changes in the database images, due to rotation, translation, and scaling. This is attributed to the fact that the moment features used for retrieval are not predefined set. They are, rather, obtained directly from the images submitted for recording or searching. This makes the algorithm very robust and attractive for many applications of the image storage and retrieval systems.
Critical properties of Uq[SU (2)]-invariant spin-1 chain

Abstract We numerically solve the Bethe ansatz equations for a U q [SU (2)]-symmetric spin-1 chain, up to length L ⩽20, allowing us to compute the central charge and the lowest surface dimension. Generalizations of these results for spin s >1 are commented.
The Effects of Mood, Message Framing, and Behavioral Advocacy on Persuasion

Two experimental studies explored the interactive effects of mood, framing, and health behavioral advocacy on persuasion. In Study 1, happy and sad moods were found to activate the behavioral approach system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), respectively. Assuming similar relationships with action-oriented BAS and restraint-oriented BIS, gain and loss framing and prescriptive and proscriptive health advocacies were predicted to interact with happy and sad moods in Study 2. Mood congruency effects were found in a mood by both framing interaction and behavioral advocacy interaction. Gain framing was most effective when coupled with positive moods and prescriptive behavioral advocacy. Loss framing produced the most potent persuasive effects when coupled with sad moods and restraint advocacy.
Efficient consumer response as a supply chain strategy for grocery businesses

Quickly responding to customer needs has become a major priority for retail businesses such as grocery operations. Customer satisfaction is an absolute for staying competitive in these retail operations. This paper discusses efficient consumer response (ECR) as a supply chain strategy in grocery businesses by analyzing the adoption of ECR strategy by five major grocery operations in US markets. Furthermore, a management action plan is presented for future adoption of ECR strategy by similar business operations.
CORRELATION OF PRESENTING SYMPTOMS OF UTI IN GIRLS TO THE UNDERLYING VOIDING PATTERN ABNORMALITY. 2138

CORRELATION OF PRESENTING SYMPTOMS OF UTI IN GIRLS TO THE UNDERLYING VOIDING PATTERN ABNORMALITY. 2138
Somatostatin immunoreactive structures in the developing rat spinal cord

Somatostatin immunoreactive (SOM-I) perikarya were first observed in the ventral horn at E12, in the presumptive intermediate gray area at E14, and in the alar plate of the rostral spinal cord at E14. In general, after their initial appearance, their density increased and then decreased during development. A moderate density of SOM-I varicosities became obvious in the superficial laminae of the E20 dorsal horn. By E12 a few SOM-I perikarya, interpreted to be dorsal root ganglia, were observed lateral to the spinal cord, and by E13, SOM immunoreactivity was visualized within the central and peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion axons. In the marginal zone, SOM-I fibers were first demonstrable in the ventral funiculus at E14, and in the lateral funiculus at E15. After their initial appearance, their density increased and then decreased with age, with the exception of the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus where it increased at the early stages of development to an apparently stable level. The early detection of SOM immunoreactivity in specific spinal regions corresponds well with the birth dates of cells in those regions. This indicates that the SOM-I cells are capable of synthesizing the substance at least as early as they have entered their final cell division.
Passion for Learning, Passion for Life.

By discussing service learning and describing an online course as an example, this chapter focuses on service learning as a method for taking the distance out of the educational experience.
The liquidity effects associated with addition of a stock to the S&P 500 index: evidence from bid/ask spreads

This study examines changes in stock liquidity, as measured by the bid/ask spread, when a stock is added to the S&P 500 Index. The paper presents evidence of a significant decrease in the bid/ask spread upon S&P 500 addition, however, this effect is limited to only those stocks that were not trading listed options. Further, the decrease in the bid/ask spread for nonoptioned stocks is accompanied by a significant and permanent increase in share price and trading volume. While optioned stocks experience a permanent increase in trading volume, they experience only a temporary increase in share price. The findings for optioned stocks support the hypothesis that the price and volume effects associated with S&P 500 addition derive from temporary price pressure. Findings pertaining to the nonoptioned stocks indicate that the price and volume effects associated with S&P addition reflect enhanced stock liquidity. The decrease in the bid/ask spread for nonoptioned stocks is attributed to informational efficiencies achieved via index arbitrage trading, and it is argued that this effect is mitigated for optioned stocks due to the pre-existence of arbitrage trading between the option and the underlying stock.
Allocation of Sales Effort in the Lamp Division of the General Electric Company

One of the authors of this paper was requested by the editor of Operations Research to prepare a more technical presentation of a case study he had published in 1955 Russell L. Ackoff, “The Allocation of Sales Effort,” Proceedings of the Conference on What Is Operations Research Accomplishing in Industry? Case Institute of Technology, April, 1955.. This request came shortly after the Conference on Operations-Research Education at The Johns Hopkins University in March of 1956. At this conference the need for detailed case histories, rather than highly rational reconstructions of OR projects, was recognized as serious in the field of education. Consequently, at the risk of boring professional analysts, but with the hope of assisting the novice, a detailed case history is presented here. It records the false starts, the blind alleys, and the tentativeness of the conclusions eventually reached. Not even those who worked on the project would do it over in the same way, knowing what they now know. The project raised more questions than it put to rest, but this, we believe, is the essence of scientific progress. Yet it should be pointed out, by way of anticipation, that even the tentative results were better than anything then available to management as a basis for decision making in the area involved. The results were used as recommended and the outcome that was forecast has occurred in the eighteen months during which they have been used.
The Cost of Distribution

I. Difficulty of determining cost of distribution for a particular commodity, 255. — Cost of distribution of all consumers' goods easier to determine, though one difficulty remains, 255. — Purpose and scope of the present study, 256. — Relation of consumer outlay for commodities to our whole national product, 257. — Net capital formation, 259. — Redefining the ratio for statistical convenience, 260. — II. The values of NCP and DC, 261. — Comparison with the Twentieth Century Fund estimate, 263. — III. Significance of these findings from the point of view of "proper balance" in the economy, 265. — Difficulty of determining whether distribution costs are out of balance, 266. — Statistical estimates, 267.
Temporally staggered sensors in multi-sensor target tracking systems

For a multi-sensor target tracking system, the effects of temporally staggered sensors on system performance are investigated and compared with those of synchronous sensors. To capture system performance over time, a new metric, the average estimation error variance (AEV), is proposed. For a system that has N sensors with equal measurement noise variance, numerical results show that the optimal staggering pattern is to use N uniformly staggered sensors. We have also shown analytically that the AEV of the system with N uniformly staggered sensors is always smaller than that of the system with N synchronous sensors. For sensors with different measurement noise variances, the optimal staggering pattern can be found numerically. Practical guidelines on selecting the optimal staggering pattern have been presented for different target tracking scenarios. Due to its simplicity, uniform staggering can be used as an alternative scheme with relatively small performance degradation.
The prevalence of carotid atheromas seen on panoramic radiographs of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their relation to risk factors for atherosclerosis

Abstract Purpose: Persons with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) suffer inordinately high rates of stroke, but the cause remains in doubt. Atherosclerosis (atheroma formation) of the extracranial carotid artery has been suggested as a possible cause. Because atheromas can be recognized on panoramic radiographs, this study compared their prevalence in subjects with OSAS and normal controls and analyzed their relation to atherogenic risk factors. Patients and Methods: Panoramic radiographs and medical records of 54 male subjects (mean age, 60.4 years) with OSAS (apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] of 15 or greater and a history of snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness) were assessed for atheromas and risk factors. Age-matched controls were likewise assessed. Results: Twelve individuals (22%) with OSAS showed atheromas on their radiographs. The radiographs of the controls showed that 3.7% had atheromas. This finding was statistically significant ( P = .0079). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among individuals with OSAS and atheroma formation (7 of 12 persons, 58%) was far greater than the prevalence of diabetes (10 of 42 persons, 24%) experienced by individuals with OSAS but free of atheroma formation. This finding was also statistically significant ( P = .035). The lesions seen in both the subject and control populations were similar and were located in the neck, 1.5 to 2.5 cm inferior-posterior to the angle of the mandible. Conclusions: Persons with OSAS are more likely to manifest calcified atheromas on their panoramic radiographs than age-matched controls. Type 2 diabetes is significantly more prevalent in individuals with both OSAS and calcified atheromas.
Establishing a case for improved food phenolic analysis

Future phenolic research findings using a multidisciplinary approach will ensure profitability and sustainability of specialty crop industries, while also improving the nutritional and economic choices available to increasingly health- and environmentally conscious consumers. Recent examples of phenolics used in commercial and research scenarios, and new phenolic research discoveries are discussed. Despite being a heavily researched topic, there remains a need to identify, develop, and define analyses targeted for specific quality-related plant metabolites.
Effect of Serial Passage in Tissue Culture on Sequence of omp1 from Chlamydia trachomatis Clinical Isolates

Previous epidemiological studies of Chlamydia trachomatis frequently have required expansion of isolates in tissue culture. The possibility that C. trachomatis omp1 might undergo mutation during such expansion has not been examined systematically. We found no differences in the omp1 sequences from 10 clinical specimens before and after 20 in vitro passages.
Measuring reflectance of soil surface roughness with a field goniometer

This paper will illustrate the effect of soil surface roughness on remote sensing imagery. The agricultural management practice of a field after a crop has been harvested (i.e., bare soils) can leave the surface of the field in one of several different states of roughness. For many precision agriculture applications that utilize remote sensing imagery there is a need for multiple temporal images of a site to determine nutrient prescriptions, stress sources, etc. Imaging the field when it is in the bare soil state Is important for mapping soil zones and determining field drainage. Although the time of day for collecting imagery and the flight lines may be consistent, the bare fields can be a challenging image to interpret due to soil roughness. Since the target may be very non-Lambertian in nature, it must also be recognized that the radiance measured at the sensor will not only have a variation due to moisture and soil texture, but also due. to complex interactions of the electromagnetic energy with a very challenging target surface. This paper will compare differences In view angles for a variety of soil types and roughnesses for data collected at the Mississippi State University agricultural research sites. This data was collected using NASA Stennis Space Center's Sandmeier Field Goniometer.
EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION PATTERN ON LEACHING OF PRESERVATIVE FROM TREATED WOOD AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ACCELERATED TESTING

There is a need to develop improved accelerated test methods for evaluating the leaching of wood preservatives from treated wood exposed to precipitation. In this study the effects of rate of rainfall and length of intervals between rainfall events on leaching was evaluated by exposing specimens to varying patterns of simulated rainfall under controlled laboratory conditions. Lumber specimens were pressure-treated with 0,5; 1 or 2,% solutions of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and exposed to 762 mm of rainfall at rates of 2,5; 8 or 25 mm/h. Intervals between rainfall events were increased for some specimens. Leachate was periodically collected and analyzed to quantify leaching of arsenic, chromium and copper. The quantity of CCA elements leached, per unit rainfall, was consistently greatest at the lowest rainfall rate for all solution concentrations evaluated. Incorporation of additional time between rain events increased leaching at the lowest rainfall rate, but this effect was less noticeable as rainfall rate increased. The results of this study indicate that simulated rainfall leaching tests should be conducted using rainfall intensities at the lower end of those that are typical for the region of interest. The lengths of intervals between rainfall events may also increase leaching, but use of lengthy resting intervals conflicts with the goal of accelerated testing. Further research may be warranted to optimize time between rainfall events and assess the effect of drying periods between rainfall events.
Intraoperative vs Central Laboratory PTH Testing During Parathyroidectomy Surgery

Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) testing can be performed rapidly, directly in the operating room, using the QuiCK-Pak System (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA) or in a central laboratory using the IMMULITE Immunoassay System and Turbo PTH assay (Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA). Correlation between parathyroid hormone values obtained on EDTA plasma samples using these systems was good (r = 0.84); at 20-minutes after excision of a suspected hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland, diagnostic agreement between the two systems was 100%. Based on 50 parathyroid gland surgeries for each of a 3-year contract period, the cost of intraoperative vs central laboratory PTH testing per surgery was $760 and $360, respectively. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone testing using the QuiCK-Pak System provides faster, more reliable turnaround time for intraoperative PTH results and has other advantages over central laboratory PTH testing during parathyroid gland surgery.
Thrombosis in a young woman: It’s not what you think

Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a very rare disease with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. This disease is characterized by the presence of pulmonary artery aneurysms in association with peripheral venous thrombosis. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who initially presented with a deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with subsequent pulmonary artery aneurysms. The patient developed hemoptysis and was managed with arterial embolization, lobectomy, steroids and cyclophosphamide. Hughes Stovin syndrome should be considered in the diagnosis in young men and women who present with a peripheral venous thrombosis and pulmonary artery aneurysms. The majority of cases are reported in young men, unlike our case which occured in a young woman. Anticoagulation should be avoided due to the high risk of fatality in the setting of aneurysmal rupture.
The Cosmological Evolution of Quasar Damped Lyman-Alpha Systems

We present results from an efficient, non-traditional survey to discover damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) absorption-line systems with neutral hydrogen column densities N(HI)>2x10^{20} atoms cm^{-2} and redshifts z<1.65. Contrary to previous studies at higher redshift that showed a decrease in the cosmological mass density of neutral gas in DLA absorbers, Omega_{DLA}, with time, our results indicate that Omega_{DLA} is consistent with remaining constant from redshifts z \approx 4 to z \approx 0.5. There is no evidence that Omega_{DLA} is approaching the value at z=0. Other interesting results from the survey are also presented.
Family-based treatment for adolescent substance abuse: controlled trials and new horizons in services research

This article provides an overview of controlled trials research on treatment processes and outcomes in family-based approaches for adolescent substance abuse. Outcome research on engagement and retention in therapy, clinical impacts in multiple domains of adolescent and family functioning, and durability and moderators of treatment effects is reviewed. Treatment process research on therapeutic alliance, treatment fidelity and core family therapy techniques, and change in family processes is described. Several important research issues are presented for the next generation of family-based treatment studies focusing on delivery of evidence-based treatments in routine practice settings.
Jurisdiction Over Endangered Species' Habitat: the Impacts of People and Property on Recovery Planning

Coordinating management among multiple landowners and jurisdictional agencies is one of the greatest challenges confronting conservation planning. In this study, we assessed the impacts on recovery progress of the people and property involved in recovery plan development and implementation. We compared indices of recovery progress among endangered species whose primary habitat falls into one of four federal jurisdiction categories: nonfederal land only, 50% but not all federal land, and all federal land. Species found exclusively on federal land are more likely to be improving in status. This may result from the fact that overall implementation of recovery tasks is lower among species occurring exclusively on nonfederal lands. Revision status, the existence of a centralized database, the designation of a person or committee to coordinate plan implementation, the parties involved in drafting the plan, and those designated as responsible for implementing recovery tasks are also significant factors in determining recovery plan implementation. Specifically, diversity of recovery team membership and the average number of participants increase with increasing federal jurisdiction, and tasks are more likely to be completed when more parties are involved in developing recovery plans. However, fewer recovery tasks are completed as the number of parties involved in implementation increases, suggesting that species on federal lands may benefit from less division of labor among agencies. Differences in drafting plans and administering their implementation appear to be stronger determinants of the observed variation in recovery success than differences in the kinds of threats facing species and their habitats.
National Certificates in Chemistry -a Radical Approach

Approach is a fashionable word at present, particularly when applied to chemistry. New ‘approaches’ to the subject are frequently being devised, so it is time to take a closer look into the present system of training and producing qualified chemists.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Use of Primary Care Providers and Preventive Health Services at a Midwestern University

Many universities seek to improve the health and wellbeing of their faculty and staff through employer wellness programs but racial/ethnic disparities in health care use may still persist. The purpose of this research was to identify racial/ethnic disparities in the use of preventive health services at a Midwestern university. A record review was conducted of self-reported health data from University employees, examining the use of primary care and common screening procedures collected in a Personal Health Assessment conducted by the University's wellness program. Results show that there were significant racial/ethnic differences in the use of primary care and participation in screening. Notably, Asian employees in this sample were less likely to have a primary care provider and participate in routine cancer screenings. The observed racial/ethnic differences in screening behavior were mediated by the use of primary care. Together, these data show that despite equal access to care, racial and ethnic disparities in screening persist and that having a primary care provider is an important predictor of screening behavior. Results suggest that health communications designed to increase screening among specific racial/ethnic minority groups should target primary care use.
Semigroups and Perturbation Theory

A semigroup may be defined as a subset of a group which contains the unit and is closed under multiplication. But the only one to be considered in this chapter is that of all non-negative reals, as a subset of the group of all real numbers under addition. This is the basic case for extension to Lie semigroups, just as the theory of one-parameter groups is the basic case for extension to the representation theory of Lie groups.
Road Risk Modeling and Cloud-Aided Safety-Based Route Planning

This paper presents a safety-based route planner that exploits vehicle-to-cloud-to-vehicle (V2C2V) connectivity. Time and road risk index (RRI) are considered as metrics to be balanced based on user preference. To evaluate road segment risk, a road and accident database from the highway safety information system is mined with a hybrid neural network model to predict RRI. Real-time factors such as time of day, day of the week, and weather are included as correction factors to the static RRI prediction. With real-time RRI and expected travel time, route planning is formulated as a multiobjective network flow problem and further reduced to a mixed-integer programming problem. A V2C2V implementation of our safety-based route planning approach is proposed to facilitate access to real-time information and computing resources. A real-world case study, route planning through the city of Columbus, Ohio, is presented. Several scenarios illustrate how the “best” route can be adjusted to favor time versus safety metrics.