cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Footstep Planning for the Honda ASIMO Humanoid

Despite the recent achievements in stable dynamic walking for many humanoid robots, relatively little navigation autonomy has been achieved. In particular, the ability to autonomously select foot placement positions to avoid obstacles while walking is an important step towards improved navigation autonomy for humanoids. We present a footstep planner for the Honda ASIMO humanoid robot that plans a sequence of footstep positions to navigate toward a goal location while avoiding obstacles. The possible future foot placement positions are dependent on the current state of the robot. Using a finite set of state-dependent actions, we use an A* search to compute optimal sequences of footstep locations up to a time-limited planning horizon. We present experimental results demonstrating the robot navigating through both static and dynamic known environments that include obstacles moving on predictable trajectories.
TACI Is a TRAF-interacting Receptor for TALL-1, a Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Member Involved in B Cell Regulation

We and others recently reported tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and apoptosis ligand–related leukocyte-expressed ligand 1 (TALL-1) as a novel member of the TNF ligand family that is functionally involved in B cell proliferation. Transgenic mice overexpressing TALL-1 have severe B cell hyperplasia and lupus-like autoimmune disease. Here, we describe expression cloning of a cell surface receptor for TALL-1 from a human Burkitt's lymphoma RAJI cell library. The cloned receptor is identical to the previously reported TNF receptor (TNFR) homologue transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML) interactor (TACI). Murine TACI was subsequently isolated from the mouse B lymphoma A20 cells. Human and murine TACI share 54% identity overall. Human TACI exhibits high binding affinities to both human and murine TALL-1. Soluble TACI extracellular domain protein specifically blocks TALL-1–mediated B cell proliferation without affecting CD40- or lipopolysaccharide-mediated B cell proliferation in vitro. In addition, when injected into mice, soluble TACI inhibits antibody production to both T cell–dependent and –independent antigens. By yeast two-hybrid screening of a B cell library with TACI intracellular domain, we identified that, like many other TNFR family members, TACI intracellular domain interacts with TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)2, 5, and 6. Correspondingly, TACI activation in a B cell line results in nuclear factor κB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. The identification and characterization of the receptor for TALL-1 provides useful information for the development of a treatment for B cell–mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Nature's assembly line: biosynthesis of simple phenylpropanoids and polyketides.

Summary Plants produce large amounts of phenylpropanoids, both in terms of molecular diversity and absolute quantity of these compounds. The phenylpropanoids, and the related plant polyketides, have multiple biological functions. They serve to attract pollinators, support secondary cell-wall growth, provide protection against various plant diseases, and interact with beneficial soil microbes. Their basic chemical properties also make them useful in the biofuel and biomaterial industries. Phenylpropanoid metabolism begins with the amino acid phenylalanine, which feeds into various biosynthetic pathways that generate a wide range of structurally related polyphenolic compounds. This review focuses on four sub-groups of these polyphenolic compounds – polyketides, stilbenes, isoflavones and catechins. We discuss the biosynthesis of these molecules, their physiological role in plants, and their striking pharmacological and physiological effects on humans. This review also highlights metabolic engineering efforts aimed at increasing or decreasing the amounts of each class of compound in various model plants and crops.
E. Strauss, E. M. S. Sherman, & O. Spreen, A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary

Every field of science has several texts that are considered essential reading. Since 1991, A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests has been one such text for critical reviews of neuropsychologica...
Hepatic Arterial Port Systems for Treatment of Liver Metastases: Factors Affecting Patency and Adverse Events

PURPOSE To assess the outcome of interventional hepatic arterial port placement in a prospective phase II trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred five consecutive patients were included in this study. Primary endpoint was port patency; secondary endpoints were complications, toxicity, response, and progression free and overall survival. Seventy-eight patients presented with liver metastasis only, 6 patients had additional minor extrahepatic disease, and 21 patients had no evidence of disease after liver resection, laser-induced thermotherapy, or computed tomography (CT)–guided interstitial brachytherapy of liver metastasis. Exclusive access route was the femoral artery. Subgroup analysis compared either 4-F catheters ( n = 58) to 2.2-F ( n = 33) and 2.7-F ( n = 20) microcatheters or different strategies in anatomic variants of the celiac branch: neglect ( n = 10) or embolization of minor hepatic feeders ( n = 11), splenic arterial port ( n = 8), double port ( n = 7). RESULTS Technical success was 99%. Assisted port patency after 6 months was 93%. Complications demanding port revisions were significantly lower in patients receiving 4-F versus 2.2-F and 2.7-F systems ( P CONCLUSION Interventional placement of hepatic arterial port systems may overcome frequent hepatic arterial chemotherapy failures as encountered in all published major trials on hepatic arterial infusion.
Dorzolamide: A Review

Major advances in pharmacological research have led to the introduction of four new and potent topical ocular hypotensive agents within the past few years. The federal government requires stringent premarket testing to prove efficacy and safety. These safety and efficacy studies are performed on a finite number of patients over a limited period of time. After a drug has come to market, however, many more patients are exposed to it. Subtle idiosyncrasies of new agents and unanticipated side effects become apparent. As clinicians, we must recognize these events and use them to help guide us with our patient management. Dorzolamide (Trusopt, Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, PA), the first topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been clinically available for nearly 2 years. Much clinical data have been published about dorzolamide since it was first released. A brief review of the physiology of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and the history of the development of the topical preparations will precede the discu...
The light at the end of the tunnel: a single-operator learning curve analysis for per oral endoscopic myotomy

Background Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) represents a natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach to Heller myotomy. Our center was the first to offer POEM outside of Japan, allowing us to accumulate what is likely the highest single-operator POEM volume in the United States. Objective To define the POEM learning curve of a gastroenterologist by using a larger data set and more detailed statistical analysis than used in 2 other reports of POEM performed by surgeons. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary-care academic medical center. Patients We analyzed the first 93 consecutive POEMs on patients with achalasia aged >18 years without contraindications to POEM performed by a single operator from October 2009 to November 2013. Interventions (1) Efficiency estimation via cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis, (2) mastery estimation via penalized basis-spline regression and CUSUM analysis, (3) correlation of operator experience with clinical outcomes (Eckardt score improvement, lower esophageal sphincter pressure reduction) and technical errors (accidental mucosotomy rate), and (4) unadjusted and adjusted regression analysis to assess how patient characteristics affected procedure time by using a generalized linear model. Main Outcome Measurements Clinical outcomes, procedure time, technical errors. Results Efficiency was attained after 40 POEMs and mastery after 60 POEMs. When we used the adjusted regression analysis, only case number (operator experience) significantly affected procedure time ( P P > .05). Limitations Our analysis may underestimate the number of POEMs required to achieve mastery for operators with limited or no endoscopic submucosal dissection experience. Conclusion These results offer thresholds for efficiency and mastery of a single gastroenterologist operator that may guide the efforts of novice POEM operators.
National Software Exchange: an electronic marketplace for software

The author discusses the USA National Software Exchange (NSE), a proposed tool to facilitate collaboration of scientists in the High Performance Computing and Communications Program. A potential application is outlined for high-speed and high-performance networks of the future. A discussion is presented of possible contents of the NSE, services to be offered by the NSE, mechanisms for controlling software quality, and types of collaboration that might involve the NSE. Services that must be provided by the NREN (National Research and Education Network) to provide adequate support for the NSE are identified. >
The Contradiction of Modernization: A Conditional Model of Endogenous Democratization

Several very influential authors in political science and economics have recently argued that the relationship between economic development and democracy is extremely weak, spurious, or that the causal arrow is reversed. This analysis argues that a fundamental conceptual issue with how democratization is studied is responsible for their findings. Namely, economic development has the opposite effect on the onset and outcome of institutional change. In an analysis of 178 countries from 1816 to 2004, this study finds that economic development decreases the probability of major institutional change, but increases the probability that such a change will be towards democracy. This finding is remarkably robust to the inclusion of control variables and fixed-effects estimation.
Prenatal sonographic findings of congenital adrenal cortical adenoma.

The differential diagnosis of prenatally diagnosed adrenal masses includes neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal and cortical renal cysts, adrenal adenoma and carcinoma, subdiaphragmatic pulmonary sequestration, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, duplication of the renal system, Wilms tumors, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and mesenteric and enteric duplication cysts. 1-5 The worldwide annual incidence of childhood adrenal cortical neoplasms ranges between 0.3 and 0.38 per 1 million children younger than 15 years. 6 These neoplasms are even more unusual among infants, with only 23 cases reported in the literature. 6 We present the first report of prenatal sonographic findings of a fetus with adrenal cortical adenoma.
Plural and multiple small-angle scattering from a screened Rutherford cross section

Abstract The object of this paper is to employ the screened Rutherford cross section to construct a charged-particle multiple-scattering theory that does not suffer from either the small step-size artefact associated with the conventional Moliere multiple-scattering distribution or the large step-size instability of the theory of Keil et al. [Z. Naturforsch. 15a (1960) 1031]. An exact numerical solution to the Wentzel elastic-scattering integral is found for charged particle step-sizes less than about 3000 mean-free-paths. The new distribution contains explicitly the expected single and no-scattering distributions in the limit of small step-size, matches the standard Moliere distribution for large step-sizes and is expressed in terms of simple functional forms and numerical tables that may be sampled quickly for use in Monte Carlo methods. The new distribution may be expressed entirely in terms of only two parameters — a “reduced” angle and the mean free path. The large-angle limit of the distribution is expressed analytically and compared to the results of Keil et al. and Moliere. Despite the fact that the conventional Moliere distribution is based upon the assumption that many interactions participate in the development of the multiple-scattering angle, it is found that Moliere's large-angle limit is mostly correct although the large-angle behaviour is dominated by one or two interactions! The design of a Monte Carlo electron transport algorithm that incorporates the unique features of the new distribution is discussed.
The birthday blues revisited: the timing of suicidal, homicidal and natural deaths

The present results fail to find an excess of deaths from suicide (and natural deaths and homicides) around the birthday. Thus there is no evidence for a "birthday blues" effect. Language: en
Interpretation of Tracer Washout Curves from a Population of Muscle Fibers

Consideration is given to the role of a population of muscle fibers of distributed diameters in the observed washout of a tracer, with particular reference to radioisotopic K and muscle fibers. It is concluded that if washout of tracer from a single fiber is described as first order, then washout of tracer from a population of fibers is apt to appear as first order.
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a co-initiator for dental adhesive: Photo-polymerization kinetics and dynamic mechanical property

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polymerization behavior of a model dentin adhesive with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS) as a co-initiator, and to investigate the polymerization kinetics and mechanical properties of copolymers in dry and wet conditions. Methods A co-monomer mixture based on HEMA/BisGMA (45/55, w/w) was used as a model dentin adhesive. The photoinitiator system included camphorquinone (CQ) as the photosensitizer and the co-initiator was ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB) or TTMSS. Iodonium salt, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) serving as a catalyst, was selectively added into the adhesive formulations. The control and the experimental formulations were characterized with regard to the degree of conversion (DC) and dynamic mechanical properties under dry and wet conditions. Results In two-component photoinitiator system (CQ/TTMSS), with an increase of TTMSS concentration, the polymerization rate and DC of C C double bond increased, and showed a dependence on the irradiation time and curing light intensity. The copolymers that contained the three-component photoinitiator system (CQ/TTMSS/DPIHP) showed similar dynamic mechanical properties, under both dry and wet conditions, to the EDMAB-containing system. Significance The DC of formulations using TTMSS as co-initiator showed a strong dependence on irradiation time. With the addition of TTMSS, the maximum polymerization rate can be adjusted and the network structure became more homogenous. The results indicated that the TTMSS could be used as a substitute for amine-type co-initiator in visible-light induced free radical polymerization of methacrylate-based dentin adhesives.
Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of Nano and Macroscale Systems

This chapter presents a nonlinear finite element approach for modeling nano and macroscale beam-like materials and structures. The work is based on a series of three articles published by the author and his co-workers from 2007 to 2010 (Leamy 2007; Leamy and Lee 2009; Leamy 2010). The chapter begins by describing a finite element procedure for discretizing a set of nonlinear, intrinsic beam equations. These equations are notable for their use of curvature and strain, vice rotational and displacement, field variables. Included in the finite element development is a discussion of zero energy modes and their remediation. Attention then turns to application of the approach in studying dynamics of systems at the nanoscale (e.g., carbon nanotubes) through to the macroscale (e.g., helical springs).
Application of Static Var Compensator in China Southern Power Grid

In order to increase the applicaton effect of SVC in power grids,and based on the operation experience of SVC devices installed in the 500 kV substations of China Southern Power Grid(CSG),this paper summerizes the key issues of SVC operation and related countermeasures,including value setting,field testing,operation management modes,and operational risk monitoring.By analyzing the behaviors of SVC in the case where faults accured in the DC transmisson line,the exsting setting values and operation modes of SVC in CSG are verified to be good enough for increasing effectively the system voltage stability and damping ratio of dynamic stabiity,but it is also pointed out that there is shortcoming of relatively large loss and noise in SVC.
Origin and distribution of abnormally high pressure in the Mahanadi Basin, east coast of India

AbstractDrilling deep wells in the Mahanadi Basin of the east coast of India is highly challenging because of the variations in pore pressure in the Miocene formations. We have observed that the wells drilled in the northern part of the study area have more drilling hazards due to the presence of high pore pressure (modular dynamic test measurements of up to 18.5 ppg) when compared with wells drilled in the southern part of the basin. In the northern part, pore pressure prediction assuming disequilibrium compaction (DC) underpredicts by approximately 2–3.5 ppg when compared with observed pressures; however, in the southern part, pressure prediction matches the observed pressures in the drilled wells. Analysis of sonic velocity-density crossplots suggests that along with DC, some other secondary mechanism also plays an important role in generating excess overpressure in the northern part of the study area; however, the well data do not indicate the presence of an established secondary mechanism, such as fl...
Diversity's Impact on the Quality of Deliberations.

The present research builds on previous models of jury diversity’s benefits by exploring how diversity impacts the deliberation process. In Study 1, community members (N = 433) participated in a ju...
Assigning Students Teacher’s Role: A Student-Centered Approach in Computer-Aided Design Education

This paper presents the preliminary work of implementing the learning by teaching approach, a student-centered pedagogy, in the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) education. Following an experimental study design, students were grouped into control section and experimental section. In the control section, students received the traditional instructor-centered instruction. In the experimental section, students were assigned into small groups and taught the course content to their peers during the class meeting. The students’ learning outcomes were evaluated, such as life-long learning skill, engineering attitude, and CAD modeling skills using NX. A CAD modeling test was used at the end of semester to assess the students’ CAD modeling skills. The engineering attitude survey and the life-long learning scale were conducted at the beginning and the end of semester. The statistical analyses were performed to examine the impact of activities. The results revealed that the students’ engineering attitude was significantly improved. In addition, experimental group students completed an exit survey that collected their feedback on the teaching activities.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Children's Voices about the Functions of Their Social Supports: Multicountry Perspectives.

Research points to the importance of sociocultural and developmental experiences in understanding children's social supports. The present study examines qualitative themes about children's social supports, derived from a multicountry study of 604 school-aged children (ages 4–19 years). Using the ecomap (a child-generated paper-and-pencil drawing depicting relevant stressors and supports), children could describe social stressors and supports in a culturally and developmentally adaptable manner. Participants described 51 support themes reflecting achievement of competencies, degree of autonomy, leisure and recreation activities, and most prominently, interpersonal relationships and interactions. Findings revealed cross-site, cross-gender, and cross-age patterns, and cultural and developmental variations.
Variable clinical course of identical twin neonates with Alström syndrome presenting coincidentally with dilated cardiomyopathy

Alstrom Syndrome (AS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene. We report monozygotic twin infants who presented concurrently with symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Following their initial presentation, one twin improved both echocardiographically and functionally while the other twin showed a progressive decline in ventricular function and worsening CHF symptoms requiring multiple hospitalizations and augmentation of heart failure therapy. Concordant findings of nystagmus, vision loss, and developmental delay were noted in both twins. Additional discordant findings included obesity and signs of insulin resistance in one twin. Genetic testing on one sibling confirmed AS. These twins underscore the importance of considering AS in any child presenting with DCM, particularly in infancy, and highlights that, even in monozygotic twins, the clinical course of AS is variable with regard to both the cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations of the disease.
Wild Bees in the City: Reimagining Urban Spaces for Pollinator Health

Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) are critical to crop production globally. In the last decade, significant declines in pollinator health have been documented and it is now widely considered a “crisis.” The potential causes of reduced pollinator health (species richness and abundance) relate to land-use decisions, practices, and management including habitat fragmentation, lack of foraging resources, pesticides, pests, and disease. Recent studies of native bees found diverse communities in cities around the world. This interdisciplinary pilot study investigates relationships between pollinator health and urban land-uses. It joins ecological and social science field research to examine linkages between native pollinator health and socio-cultural drivers of urban land-use decision-making practices to understand (1) what explains findings of diverse bee species in cities and (2) how citizens can encourage the enhancement of habitat for insect pollinator conservation. To establish a baseline for monitoring pollinator diversity and abundance, wild bees were sampled weekly at designated urban farms, community gardens, and prairie pockets located in St. Louis, Missouri, USA from 2013-2015. Ethnographic interviews were conducted in summer 2015 with 30 decision-makers to learn the social dynamics effecting management at the biologically sampled sites. Informants described bees’ role in crop yield, quality, and quantity; reported planting to attract pollinators; and spoke of the city as viable for pollinator habitat, which is relevant to urban conservation and policy. Their conversational evidence paired with images captured at the research sites reveal the rich urban social-ecological tapestry studied, as well as enhance and inform future research approaches.
Analyzing impact of epistemic uncertainty in high-speed circuit simulation using fuzzy variables and global polynomial chaos surrogates

In this paper, a PC based approach for epistemic uncertainty quantification of high-speed circuits is presented. This work assumes that the epistemic uncertainty in circuit parameters is described using noninteracting fuzzy variables with multiple confidence levels ascribed to each variables. A methodology to propagate the fuzzy variables through the circuit model using PC expansions is proposed. The key benefit of this work is that instead of developing a local PC expansion at every confidence level from first principles, a global PC expansion is constructed only once and reused at the different confidence levels. In this way, the computational cost of propagating the uncertainty is made independent of the number of confidence levels. The performance of the global PC expansion is validated using an active filter design example.
Gas hydrate reservoirs and gas migration mechanisms in the Terrebonne Basin, Gulf of Mexico

Highlights • Identify new fine-grained hydrate filled fracture units in the Terrebonne Basin. • Identify new hydrate bearing thin sands, mostly within fractured muds. • Present detailed seismic amplitude maps of the new hydrate bearing units. • Discuss methane migration mechanisms and hydrate formation in thin sands. • Identify and discuss source-reservoir relationships between thick muds and thin sands. Abstract The interactions of microbial methane generation in fine-grained clay-rich sediments, methane migration, and gas hydrate accumulation in coarse-grained, sand-rich sediments are not yet fully understood. The Terrebonne Basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico provides an ideal setting to investigate the migration of methane resulting in the formation of hydrate in thin sand units interbedded with fractured muds. Using 3D seismic and well log data, we have identified several previously unidentified hydrate bearing units in the Terrebonne Basin. Two units are >100 m-thick fine-grained clay-rich units where gas hydrate occurs in near-vertical fractures. In some locations, these fine-grained units lack fracture features, and they contain 1–4-m thick hydrate bearing-sands. In addition, several other thin sand units were identified that contain gas hydrate, including one sand that was intersected by a well at the location of a discontinuous bottom-simulating reflector. Using correlation of well log data to seismic data, we have mapped and described these new units in detail across the extent of the available data, allowing us to determine the variation of seismic amplitudes and investigate the distribution of free gas and/or hydrate. We present several potential source-reservoir scenarios between the thick fractured mud units and thin hydrate bearing sands. We observe that hydrate preferentially forms within thin sand layers rather than fractures when sands are present in larger marine mud units. Based on regional mapping showing the patchy lateral extent of the thin sand layers, we propose that diffusive methane migration or short-migration of microbially generated methane from the marine mud units led to the formation of hydrate in these thin sands, as discontinuous sands would not be conducive to long-range migration of methane from deeper reservoirs.
Utility of protocol kidney biopsies for de novo donor-specific antibodies.

There is limited information about the role of protocol kidney biopsies for de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) in kidney transplant recipients, especially in those with stable graft function. We initiated a routine posttransplant DSA monitoring and surveillance biopsy program for dnDSA since 2014. We identified 45 kidney transplant recipients with dnDSA detected between January 2014 and February 2017 who underwent kidney biopsy within 60 days of detection of dnDSA. Twenty-nine (64%) had stable graft function and 16 (36%) had impaired graft function at the time of dnDSA detection. Even in the group with stable graft function, we found a high rate of rejection (53%) on biopsy. Eighty-eight percent of patients with impaired graft function had rejection. Those patients with impaired graft function had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months postbiopsy and at last follow-up. Those with impaired graft function had more graft failures; however, this result was not statistically significant. The high rate of asymptomatic rejection, and the fact that outcomes in asymptomatic patients are poor, is in support of the utility of surveillance biopsies in patients with dnDSA.
The Population of the South Caucasus according to the 1897 General Census of the Russian Empire

The article is about the population statistics of the South Caucasus by religion, language/ethnicity and profession, following the first General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897.
Advanced Imaging Utilization and Cost Savings Among Medicare Shared Savings Program Accountable Care Organizations: An Initial Exploratory Analysis

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to explore associations between CT and MRI utilization and cost savings achieved by Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP)-participating accountable care organizations (ACOs). Methods Summary data were obtained for all MSSP-participating ACOs (n = 214 in 2013; n = 333 in 2014). Multivariable regressions were performed to assess associations of CT and MRI utilization with ACOs' total savings and reaching minimum savings rates to share in Medicare savings. Results In 2014, 54.4% of ACOs achieved savings, meeting minimum rates to share in savings in 27.6%. Independent positive predictors of total savings included beneficiary risk scores (β = +20,265,720, P = .003) and MRI events (β = +19,964, P = .018) but not CT events (β = +2,084, P = .635). Independent positive predictors of meeting minimum savings rates included beneficiary risk scores (odds ratio = 2108, P = .001) and MRI events (odds ratio = 1.008, P = .002), but not CT events (odds ratio = 1.002, P = .289). Measures not independently associated with savings were total beneficiaries; beneficiaries' gender, age, race or ethnicity; and Medicare enrollment type ( P > .05). For ACOs with 2013 and 2014 data, neither increases nor decreases in CT and MRI events between years were associated with 2014 total savings or meeting savings thresholds ( P ≥ .466). Conclusion Higher MRI utilization rates were independently associated with small but significant MSSP ACO savings. The value of MRI might relate to the favorable impact of appropriate advanced imaging utilization on downstream outcomes and other resource utilization. Because MSSP ACOs represent a highly select group of sophisticated organizations subject to rigorous quality and care coordination standards, further research will be necessary to determine if these associations are generalizable to other health care settings.
Computation of Pavement Vertical Surface Deflections from Traffic Speed Deflectometer Data: Evaluation of Current Methods

AbstractVertical surface deflections and deflection indices are common parameters used by pavement engineers to the evaluate structural condition of a pavement. At the network level, traffic speed ...
Droplet and multiphase effects in a shock-driven hydrodynamic instability with reshock

Shock-driven multiphase instabilities (SDMI) are unique physical phenomena that have far-reaching applications in engineering and science such as high energy explosions, scramjet combustors, and supernovae events. The SDMI arises when a multiphase field is impulsively accelerated by a shock wave and evolves as a result of gradients in particle-gas momentum transfer. A new shock tube facility has been constructed to study the SDMI. Experiments were conducted to investigate liquid particle and multiphase effects in the SDMI. A multiphase cylindrical interface was created with water droplet laden air in our horizontal shock tube facility. The interface was accelerated by a Mach 1.66 shock wave, and its reflection from the end wall. The interface development was captured using laser illumination and a high-resolution CCD camera. Laser interferometry was used to determine the droplet size distribution. A particle filtration technique was used to determine mass loading within an interface and verify particle size distribution. The effects of particle number density, particle size, and a secondary acceleration (reshock) of the interface were noted. Particle number density effects were found comparable to Atwood number effects in the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability for small ( $$\sim 1.7~{\upmu }$$ m) droplets. Evaporation was observed to alter droplet sizes and number density, markedly after reshock. For large diameter droplets ( $$\sim 10.7~{\upmu }$$ m), diminished development was observed with larger droplets lagging far behind the interface. These lagging droplets were also observed to breakup after reshock into structured clusters of smaller droplets. Mixing width values were reported to quantify mixing effects seen in images.
"My doll says it's ok": a study of children's conformity to a talking doll

Today's children are growing up with smart toys, Internet-connected devices that use artificial intelligence to drive interactive play. In a prior research study, we found that children ages 4--10 perceive these toys as worthy of trust [5]. This leads us to inquire if children in this age range could be directly influenced by these devices. In this work, we used a conformity test and a disobedience task to study how children are influenced by a talking doll. We found that the doll could influence children to change their judgments about moral transgressions, however it was unsuccessful in persuading children to disobey an instruction. Finally, we analyzed children's perceptions of the smart toy and discusses implications of this work for future child-agent interaction.
Reproducibility in computational and data-enabled science

As computation becomes central to scientific research and discovery new questions arise regarding the implementation, dissemination, and evaluation of methods that underlie scientific claims. I present a framework for conceptualizing the affordances that support scientific inference including computational reproducibility, transparency, and generalizability of findings. For example, reproducibility in computational research can be interpreted most narrowly as a simple trace of computational steps that generate scientific findings, and most expansively as an entirely independent implementation of an experiment that tests the same hypothesis as previously published work. Standards for determining a scientific finding are necessarily adapting to computationally- and data-enabled research. Finally, the social context for these innovations raises important questions regarding incentives to engage in new research practices and the ethics of these practices themselves.
Tevatron QCD physics

The Run 2 Tevatron program at Fermilab is producing a wide range of QCD results, confronting new corners of the Standard Model with precision data, exploring the limits of perturbative theories and non-perturbative models, and performing direct s earches for evidence of new physics. This talk summarizes recent results presented by the CDF and DO Collaborations.
A SERUM-FREE CLONAL GROWTH ASSAY FOR LIMBAL, PERIPHERAL, AND CENTRAL CORNEAL EPITHELIUM

The stem cells and transient amplifying cells of the corneal epithelium are thought to be localized in the limbal and corneal basal epithelium, respectively. To study the differential regulation of proliferation of these progenitor cells, a defined, serum-free, clonal growth assay was developed for central (CC) and peripheral (PC) corneal and limbal (L) epithelial cells. After incubation in Dispase II (1.2 U/ml; 1 hr for PC and CC and 3 hr for L) and subsequent brief trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid digestion, 18 or 180 single cells/cm2 were seeded in MCDB 151 medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, selenium, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor (EGF), phosphoethanolamine, ethanolamine, and calcium. During the first week of culture, the cells gradually developed an increasing number of colonies, and the mean colony-forming efficiency on day 6 for L was 4.2 +/- 2.4%, significantly lower than 11.4 +/- 5.9% for PC and 12.8 +/- 7.6% for CC (P less than 0.003). Colony morphology was identical in L, PC, and CC with small, elongated cells more cohesive in the center but more migratory in the periphery. There were no differences in immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibody AE-5, indicating the corneal derivation of all colonies. Cultures could be passaged on day 14 and grown for more than 3 weeks with increasing desquamation. Addition of a mixture of trace metals to yield MCDB 153 did not enhance growth; increased selenium concentrations were inhibitory. Elimination of EGF from the supplement abolished most of the clonal growth. The lower rate of L proliferation might be explained by the absence of serum and stromal mitogens. This culture system seems preferentially to support transient amplifying cells and allows investigation of the differentiation of isolated corneal stem cells to transient amplifying cells or the proliferation and differentiation of transient amplifying cells by various factors without the interaction of undefined serum components or paracrine influences from other cells.
Evaluation of inactivating Salmonella on iceberg lettuce shreds with washing process in combination with pulsed light, ultrasound and chlorine.

This study was conducted to investigate the Salmonella inactivation effects of washing in combination with pulsed light (PL), ultrasound, and chlorine on lettuce shreds. First, the effect of washing combined with PL and chlorine on the inactivation of Salmonella on lettuce and in wash water was evaluated in a small-scale study with clear tap water and turbid tap water containing lettuce extract and silicon dioxide. In general, water wash combined with PL (PL wash) and chlorine wash combined with PL (PL-Cl) were significantly more effective on killing Salmonella on lettuce than the chlorine wash and water wash regardless the wash water quality and inoculation method. We then tested washing combined with PL, ultrasound and chlorine using a large-scale UV setup with turbid wash water. Increasing the sample size decreased the decontamination efficacy of all the treatments. All the treatments resulted in <2 log reductions of Salmonella on lettuce shreds. For both small- and large-scale studies, treatments involving chlorine could keep the Salmonella population in wash water under the detection limit of 2 CFU/mL for almost all the replicates. Taking everything into consideration, we concluded that the combined PL-Cl treatment could be a better alternative to the chlorine wash for lettuce decontamination since it was in general more effective on inactivating Salmonella on lettuce than chlorine wash and could maintain the Salmonella level in wash water under the detection limit of 2 CFU/mL regardless the inoculation method, water quality and sample size, preventing the potential cross contamination through wash water.
The Case of Joseph Martinez: A Medical Student with Mania

Lifestyles conducive to manic-like behavior, such as that of the medical student with long hours and high academic ambition, can mask and/or exacerbate mania. Early recognition and aggressive treatment, both behavioral and pharmacological, are key to management. Effect and side effect profiles of mood stabilizers need to be taken into account when choosing medications for particular patients with bipolar disorders, according to their lifestyles and life goals. Transference and countertransference with manic patients within the medical hierarchy need to be addressed in any treatment relationship, but given the sometimes aggressive and grandiose nature of mania, these issues require particular attention in the medical trainee presenting with mania.
Manage Inferior Epigastric Bleeding

When performing laparoscopic or robotic surgery, the inferior epigastric vessels can be disrupted particularly with trocar insertion causing significant bleeding. In this chapter we discuss the relevant anatomy of the inferior epigastric vessels and its relationship to trocar insertion. We also discuss techniques and maneuvers that will aid in dealing with bleeding from the inferior epigastric pedicle.
Introduction to Digital Health Entrepreneurship

We are entering the new digital era of medicine where telemedicine, virtual reality, robotics, smartphones, and other technological advancements are slowly becoming part of regular healthcare practices. Digital health technology offers a way to change many of the current issues that the U.S. healthcare system faces. However, there is an urgent need for entrepreneurs, both in the healthcare field and non-related fields, to challenge the status quo, work together and forge ahead. Digital health entrepreneurship is the pursuit of opportunity under conditions of uncertainty with the goal of creating user defined value through the deployment of digital health innovations. The goal is to transform the medical field—improving patient outcomes, increasing quality of health care, improving the health professional experience and reducing costs. This book provides an overview of a large variety of topics ranging from artificial intelligence to regulatory affairs in digital health with the aim of helping digital health technologists, entrepreneurs, health care providers, investors, service providers and other stakeholders transform the healthcare system. This chapter will provide an overview of some of the drivers, trends, barriers and importance of digital health entrepreneurship.
2D bismuth telluride analyzed by XPS

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A freshly exfoliated, oxygen-free flake was analyzed. Spectral regions for O 1s, Te 3d, C 1s, Bi 4f, Bi 5d, and Te 4d were acquired. Bulk quantitative analyses by x-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction indicated that the material was stoichiometric, contained low concentrations of impurities, and was phase pure, respectively.Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A freshly exfoliated, oxygen-free flake was analyzed. Spectral regions for O 1s, Te 3d, C 1s, Bi 4f, Bi 5d, and Te 4d were acquired. Bulk quantitative analyses by x-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction indicated that the material was stoichiometric, contained low concentrations of impurities, and was phase pure, respectively.
Electronic Cigarette Use During Preconception and/or Pregnancy: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Concurrent Mental Health Conditions.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasing in popularity in the United States. Prior prevalence estimates of e-cigarette use in pregnancy range from 1% to 15%. Materials and Methods: We assessed prevalence of e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use during preconception or pregnancy in a large sample of racially/ethnically diverse, low-income pregnant women via telephone survey (2015-2018) and compared sociodemographic characteristics and mental health conditions. Results: Of 1365 pregnant women surveyed, 54 (4.0%) reported e-cigarette use (regardless of other tobacco use), 372 (27.3%) reported conventional cigarette use without e-cigarette use (conventional cigarette use), and 939 (68.8%) reported no tobacco or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) product use during the preconception period and/or pregnancy. Seventy-four percent of women using e-cigarettes reported also using conventional cigarettes. Women who used e-cigarettes were more likely to report high school education or greater, income <$30,000, White race, and non-Hispanic ethnicity than women who used conventional cigarettes. Women who used e-cigarettes were more likely than women who used conventional cigarettes or no tobacco/NRT to report symptoms of depression. Women who used e-cigarettes and women who used conventional cigarettes were more likely than women who used no tobacco/NRT to report a history of severe mental health conditions, alcohol use during pregnancy, and marijuana or other drug use during preconception. Conclusions: In this sample, 4% of women used e-cigarettes during preconception and/or pregnancy and most also used conventional cigarettes. Increased efforts by providers to screen for tobacco (including use of e-cigarette) and polysubstance use and to provide cessation services could improve outcomes of mothers and children.
Environmental Risk Factors: The role of oncology nurses in assessing and reducing the risk for exposure.

Background The multifaceted origins of cancer are related to the dynamic interface between the human body and the environment. It is estimated that as many as 60% of cancers arise from environmental exposures. Objectives This article describes potential risks for exposure to radon, arsenic, pesticides, and antineoplastic agents, which can lead to the development of cancer. Methods The authors performed a review of the literature on environmental exposures and their relationship to the development of cancer. Findings Environmental factors are abundant in the home, workplace, and environment. Nurses can lead campaigns to educate the public about environmental risk factors and their effects on the development of cancer.
Psychiatric Functioning, Resilience, and Recovery Among Deaf Consumers of Public Behavioral Health Services

Studies of deaf individuals generally indicate higher levels of mental illness and negative mental health outcomes compared to the general population (Anglemyer and Crespi in JAMA 2018: 3285153, 2018; Dammeyer and Chapman in JAMA 52: 807–813, 2017; Fellinger et al. in JAMA 379: 17–23, 2012; Hall et al. in JAMA 52: 761–776, 2017; as reported by Leigh and Pollard (M. Marschark and P. Spencer (eds) Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language and education, Oxford University Press, UK 2003); Landsberger et al. in JAMA 45, 42–51, 2014; Pollard in JAMA 39, 147–160, 1994). The purpose of this study is to understand the demographic variables, psychiatric symptoms, functioning, resilience, and recovery in a sample of 11,703 deaf adults. The de-identified dataset was provided by Beacon Health Options and Maryland Behavioral Health Administration and includes information about deaf adult consumers of public behavioral health services. Findings revealed that compared to hearing consumers in the dataset, deaf consumers were less likely to live in independent housing. They were more likely to live in structured community housing, such as group homes, or be homelessness. They had higher rates of arrests and incarcerations, higher proportion of unemployment, and higher rates of cigarette smoking. Deaf participants had lower rates of substance use. Deaf women in this sample reported significantly more difficulty in managing their psychiatric symptoms than deaf men. Deaf people of color had lower levels of psychiatric dysfunction, lower resilience, and greater recovery compared to white participants, which was inconsistent with other studies of people of color. Younger participants had significantly more difficulty with psychiatric symptoms and functioning than those in the older groups. Those who were 31–55 years old had higher resilience than those who were older than 56 years old. The author offers several recommendations for further research of the mental health of deaf populations, especially round race, age, and gender.
A tale of two language ideologies: Discursive co-construction of L2 learner identity in Japanese CMC interactions

This study investigates the relationship between learner perception, ideology, discourse, and identity in computer-mediated communication (CMC) interactions between an advanced L2 Japanese learner and native Japanese speakers. Study findings show that, despite an invested identity as a proficient user of Japanese, the learner struggled to enact this identity in the face of two divergent language ideologies: one that promoted Japanese native speaker discourse as the goal of L2 learning and use, and one that promoted a particular Western “foreigner” discourse for non-native speakers of Japanese. Furthermore, a third discourse—that of the CMC platform—also affected her discursive practices, both in terms of interaction and performance of multiple identities. These results reveal the complex, sometimes problematic, nature of CMC for L2 learning and use, while offering a unique perspective into the issue of the native speaker standard in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), particularly as it pertains to advanced learners.
Discrimination, Depression, and Dyads: Experiences of Discrimination Influence the Partner Relationship

This study examined the link between discrimination, experiences of anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts among a clinical sample of adult couple dyads (N = 49). Using an actor-partner interde...