cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cachexia and Brown Fat: A Burning Issue in Cancer

Cachexia, a progressive weight loss in cancer patients that results from tumor-induced energy wasting, is a serious problem that interferes with response to treatment and affects quality of life. Recent studies suggest that thermogenesis of adipose tissues is involved in energy wasting and also point to a link between the atrophy of fat and muscle. Tumor-derived PTHrP has emerged as a key molecule playing multiple roles in cachexia, from fat ‘browning' factor to potential therapeutic target.
Metal-coated glass microfiber for concentration detection in gas mixtures using the 3-Omega excitation method

Abstract The 3-Omega measurement technique was applied to a fabricated metal-coated glass fiber for the purpose of low power gas sensing. The sensor performance was evaluated for mixtures of CO 2 , Ar, He and CH 4 in N 2 in an isothermal chamber, where mass flow controllers precisely controlled concentrations. The metal-coated fiber was fabricated by depositing a thin layer of gold (∼150 nm) onto a glass fiber, using a custom designed deposition lathe installed in a standard sputtering system. A custom 3-Omega conditioning circuit controls the AC heating current and detection of the 3-Omega voltage signal. The amplitude and phase lag, and the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the 3-Omega voltage signal are presented for different gas mixtures and are related directly to their concentrations. Using this gas sensing technique, we have demonstrated the uncertainty in concentration ( i.e. , sensitivity) to be better than 50 ppm, and as low at 10 ppm for some gases. The dependence of the different 3-Omega signals on the thermophysical properties of the system is briefly described. The low power, high sensitivity nature of the sensor is also demonstrated as the metal-coated fiber sensor consumes ∼10% of the power consumed by conventional thermal conductivity detectors (TCDs), and unlike those, it operates at near room temperatures.
Sequencing and cloning of antigen-specific antibodies from mouse memory B cells

Methods to identify genes encoding immunoglobulin heavy and light chains from single B lymphocytes vary in efficiency, error rate and practicability. Here we describe a protocol to sequence and clone the variable antibody region of single antigen-specific mouse memory B cells for antibody production. After purification, antigen-specific mouse memory B cells are first single-cell-sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and V(D)J transcripts are amplified by RT-PCR. Fragments are then combined with linearized expression vectors, assembled in vitro as part of a sequence- and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC) reaction and then transformed into Escherichia coli. Purified vectors can then be used to produce monoclonal antibodies in HEK293E suspension cells. This protocol improves the amplification efficiency of antibody variable genes and accelerates the cloning workflow. Antibody sequences will be available in 3-4 d, and microgram to milligram amounts of antibodies are produced within 14 d. The new protocol should be useful for addressing fundamental questions about antigen-specific memory B cell responses, as well as for characterizing antigen-specific antibodies.
Trampoline Spinal Cord Injuries in Pediatrics

Cervical spine injuries from trampoline sport in children are second only to football injuries and result in paraplegia and tetraplegia in approximately 5 % of all trampoline injuries.
A Comparison of Carbon Isotopes and Cadmium in the Modern and Glacial Maximum Ocean: Can We Account for the Discrepancies?

Oceanic cadmium, carbon isotopes, phosphorus, and dissolved carbon dioxide are correlated on a global scale because of the dominance of the biological cycling of these elements. Some differences between the distributions of these properties are seen in the modern ocean, although these differences can be rationalized. In the glacial maximum (18K) ocean, the differences between benthic foraminiferal δ13C and Cd/Ca are much larger than in the modern ocean, suggesting quite different scenarios for the carbon system chemistry of the Southern Ocean, the northwest Pacific Ocean, and the intermediate waters of the Pacific. A reexamination of the modern distribution of δ13C and Cd suggests that one major factor which has not been addressed in detail is the role of gas exchange on δ13C, but it is not clear that this factor can reconcile the differences between the tracers during the glacial maximum. The modern oceanic Cd-P relationship is reassessed in light of three new data sets and found to be consistent with previous interpretations of deep ocean data. The issue of foraminiferal accuracy and precision for δ13C and Cd/Ca reconstructions is considered: more effort on living benthic foraminifera is clearly needed to resolve the uncertainties concerning foraminiferal response to bottom water properties.
The impacts of mining on livelihoods in the Andes: A critical overview

Abstract This review article synthesizes research findings which demonstrate that mining in the Andes is transforming local livelihoods by changing water quality and quantity and land tenure practices upon which traditional livelihoods depend, as well as by generating new employment opportunities in mining communities. I argue that research on livelihood change in Andean mining communities would be enriched by 1) a deeper attendance to the gendered, raced, and classed nature of these changes and 2) the disaggregation of different mining management regimes (e.g. state-run, privately-run, cooperative-run) to allow for comparisons of the livelihood impacts between them.
Comparison of the Effect of Sensory-Level and Conventional Motor-Level Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulations on Quadriceps Strength After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Single-Blind Trial

Abstract Objective To compare sensory-level neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and conventional motor-level NMES in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Design Prospective randomized single-blind trial. Setting Hospital total arthroplasty center: inpatients. Participants Patients with osteoarthritis (N=66; mean age, 73.5±6.3y; 85% women) were randomized to receive either sensory-level NMES applied to the quadriceps (the sensory-level NMES group), motor-level NMES (the motor-level NMES group), or no stimulation (the control group) in addition to a standard rehabilitation program. Interventions Each type of NMES was applied in 45-minute sessions, 5d/wk, for 2 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Data for the quadriceps maximum voluntary isometric contraction, the leg skeletal muscle mass determined using multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, the timed Up and Go test, the 2-minute walk test, the visual analog scale, and the range of motion of the knee were measured preoperatively and at 2 and 4 weeks after total knee arthroplasty. Results The motor-level NMES ( P =.001) and sensory-level NMES ( P =.028) groups achieved better maximum voluntary isometric contraction results than did the control group. The motor-level NMES ( P =.003) and sensory-level NMES ( P =.046) groups achieved better 2-minute walk test results than did the control group. Some patients in the motor-level NMES group dropped out of the experiment because of discomfort. Conclusions Motor-level NMES significantly improved muscle strength and functional performance more than did the standard program alone. Motor-level NMES was uncomfortable for some patients. Sensory-level NMES was comfortable and improved muscle strength and functional performance more than did the standard program alone.
The bioenergetic network of adenosine in hibernation, sleep, and thermoregulation

Adenosine is a homeostatic bioenergetic network regulator that plays a fundamental role in energy homeostasis through biochemical, bioenergetic, and receptor dependent processes. Hibernation, torpor, and sleep are integral to energy homeostasis. Here we review evidence that adenosine receptor dependent signaling as well as biochemical and bioenergetic influences of adenosine are essential to all three of these processes placing adenosine at the core of mammalian energy homeostasis. Central A1 adenosine receptor (A1R) dependent signaling is necessary for onset of hibernation and fasting-induced torpor in ground squirrels, hamsters, and mice. Activation of A1R within the central nervous system is sufficient to induce hibernation. A seasonally mediated change in sensitivity to central A1R stimulation is necessary for A1R agonist-induced hibernation in ground squirrels and may underlie the distinction between sleep and hibernation. One function of sleep is to restore brain energy homeostasis, while the primary function of hibernation and torpor is to restore or protect somatic energy homeostasis. Where in the brain A1R agonists act to induce torpor and how central A1R dependent signaling reduces metabolic rate to 1–2 % of resting metabolic rate in hibernating animals is a topic for further research. Understanding mechanisms of energy homeostasis may have implications for treatment of stroke, cardiac arrest, and other conditions where delivery of blood fails to meet demand.
HIV Testing Among Foreign-Born Men and Women in the United States: Results from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey

HIV disproportionately affects the foreign-born population in the United States. This analysis describes the prevalence of ever-testing for HIV among foreign-born individuals residing in the United States. Data from a national health survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population was used to describe prevalence of ever-testing for HIV among foreign-born individuals by birth place. Multivariate logistic-regression procedures were used to determine factors associated with ever-testing for HIV among foreign-born men and women. The prevalence of ever-testing for HIV among foreign-born individuals varied by region of birth ranging from 31 to 67%. Factors related to ever-testing for HIV varied by gender. Efforts need to continue in order to improve HIV testing rates among Asian foreign-born individuals, lower educated foreign-born and foreign-born gay/bisexual men. Health care providers can play an important role by counseling new arrivals regarding the importance of testing for HIV and practicing HIV risk reduction activities.
Fasoracetam in adolescents with ADHD and glutamatergic gene network variants disrupting mGluR neurotransmitter signaling.

The glutamatergic neurotransmitter system may play an important role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This 5-week, open-label, single-blind, placebo-controlled study reports the safety, pharmacokinetics and responsiveness of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activator fasoracetam (NFC-1), in 30 adolescents, age 12–17 years with ADHD, harboring mutations in mGluR network genes. Mutation status was double-blinded. A single-dose pharmacokinetic profiling from 50–800 mg was followed by a single-blind placebo at week 1 and subsequent symptom-driven dose advancement up to 400 mg BID for 4 weeks. NFC-1 treatment resulted in significant improvement. Mean Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) and Severity (CGI-S) scores were, respectively, 3.79 at baseline vs. 2.33 at week 5 (P < 0.001) and 4.83 at baseline vs. 3.86 at week 5 (P < 0.001). Parental Vanderbilt scores showed significant improvement for subjects with mGluR Tier 1 variants (P < 0.035). There were no differences in the incidence of adverse events between placebo week and weeks on active drug. The trial is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02286817 . Stimulant drugs are most commonly used to treat ADHD. Here, the authors demonstrate that in adolescents with ADHD who also have genetic variation in genes impacting metabotropic glutamate signaling, the non-stimulant mGluR activator fasoracetam is well tolerated and may be beneficial in alleviating symptoms of this disease.
Quantifying Healing Based on Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Theory in Fine Aggregate Asphalt Specimen

The ability of an asphalt mix to heal is an important property that influences the overall fatigue performance of the mix in the field. In this study, an experimental and analytical method based on viscoelastic continuum damage theory was developed to characterize the healing in an asphalt composite (fine aggregate matrix) as a function of the level of damage prior to the rest period and the duration of the rest period. Four different types of fine aggregate matrix (FAM) were tested to quantify overall healing at isothermal conditions. Two different verification tests were conducted to demonstrate that the percentage healing measured using the proposed method are independent of the sequence of loading or rest period. Results from the tests support the hypothesis that the healing characteristics determined using the proposed test method can be treated as a characteristic material property.
SUBSEQUENT CHANGES IN DOSING REQUIREMENTS TO PRODUCE THERAPEUTIC ANTICOAGULATION WITH INJECTABLE DIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS AFTER INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE TO THE ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME REAGENT

Injectable direct thrombin inhibitors (iDTI) argatroban and bivalirudin are useful in the management of patients with documented or suspected heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Management of iDTIs includes monitoring with the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and dose adjustment to a
Functional dissociation of temporal processing mechanisms during speech production and hand movement: An ERP study

Abstract Skilled motor actions are mediated by neural mechanisms that incorporate sensory feedback for driving or suppressing movement with remarkable temporal precision. The predictive coding model proposes that the brain performs this function by establishing an internal representation of timing to accelerate movement response time. However, it is unclear whether different neural mechanisms are involved in temporal processing of movement initiation and cessation. The present study examined how temporal information is encoded for initiation and cessation of speech and hand movement. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while young healthy subjects performed speech and hand movement initiation and cessation in response to temporally predictable and unpredictable visual stimuli. We found that predictable stimuli elicited faster movement in both speech and hand modalities, with shorter reaction times associated with movement cessation compared with initiation. Analysis of ERPs revealed that premotor neural activities were significantly attenuated before speech initiation and hand movement initiation and cessation for temporally predictable vs. unpredictable conditions, but an opposite pattern was observed for speech cessation. In addition, we observed that the premotor ERPs were significantly modulated during speech initiation vs. cessation, but no such effect was found during hand movement. Finally, we found that the premotor ERPs were strongly correlated with motor reaction time during movement initiation and cessation for speech and hand modalities only in response to temporally predictable stimuli. These findings indicate that premotor ERPs reflect a temporal predictive code for planning of movement initiation and cessation and highlight functional dissociation of temporal processing mechanisms in speech and hand motor systems.
Semirigid and Flexible Ureteroscopy

This chapter describes our technique of performing semirigid as well as flexible ureteroscopy for upper tract urothelial tumors. We review the steps involved in both procedures and point out the caveats to avoid complications during each part.
Determination of Kinetics Parameters Using Stochastic Methods in a 252Cf Driven System

Safety analysis and control system design of nuclear systems require the knowledge of neutron kinetics related parameters like effective delayed neutron fraction, neutron lifetime, time between neutron generations and subcriticality margins. Many methods, deterministic and stochastic, are being used, some since the beginning of nuclear power, to measure these important parameters. The method based on the use of the 252Cf neutron source has been under intense study at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, both experimentally1 and theoretically,2 during the last years. The increasing demand for this isotope in industrial and medical applications and new designs of advanced high flux reactors to produce it make the isotope available as neutron source (only few micrograms are necessary). A thin layer of 252Cf is deposited in one of the electrodes of a fission chamber which produces pulses each time the 252Cf disintegrates via α or spontaneous fission decay; the smaller pulses associated with the α decay can be easily discriminated with the important result that we know the time when v c neutrons are injected into the system (number of neutrons per fission of 252Cf). Thus, a small (few cm3) and nonintrusive device can be used as a random pulsed neutron source with known natural properties that do not depend on biases associated with more complex interrogating devices like accelerators. This paper presents a general formalism that relates the kinetics parameters with stochastic descriptors that naturally appear because of the random nature of the production and transport of neutrons.
Finite set statistics with applications to data fusion

Data fusion is concerned with the following general problem: Locate and identify objects of many different types on the basis of different kinds of evidence. The evidence is collected on an ongoing basis by many sensors having varying capabilities. Some evidence might be (i) probabilistic, e.g., estimated location with Gaussian distribution supplied by radar, (ii) incomplete probabilistic, e.g., partially specified location distribution supplied by sonar, (iii) linguistic, e.g., sighting by pilot (“sub is probably in region A but may also have been in region B”), (iv) conditional, e.g., if A is observed then B is observed with probability p(B∣A),etc.
ON THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE CORONAL ARTICULATOR

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the coronal articulator. While there is ample evidence in some languages that each of the subplace articulator nodes functions as a real phonological entity, such evidence is not only lacking in other languages but also the postulation of the articulator nodes makes incorrect predictions in defining certain natural classes of segments. One of the most crucial differences between the theory with the coronal articulator and the theory without it concerns the use of the feature [coronal]. The Universalist position, however, does not seem warranted when considering the organization of the Place node for two languages—Sanskrit and Korean. When confronted with two cases that seem to argue for two different structures, a universal structure internal to the Place node cannot be easily determined.
Introduction: Strategies for the Protection of the Environment

Although the contamination of our environment by industrial wastes has been recognized as a major problem since the 1960s, progress towards its resolution is very slow. Until recently hazardous wastes have been stored or dumped at landfills and waste-ponds, and into rivers, lakes, and oceans. There is increasing evidence that storage and disposal in land-fills is not an effective strategy, and that incineration has the potential to disperse a liquid/solid waste into the atmosphere. The Environmental Protection Agency has catalogued thousands of sites in the United States that are severely contaminated with hazardous materials (PCBs, heavy metals, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, and wastes from the petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, electronics, and manufacturing industries), and has convinced Congress to appropriate in excess of $100 billion for the remediation of these Superfund sites. To date these funds have been used mainly to investigate, to evaluate, and to litigate Superfund sites, rather than to remediate.
The Revival of Charisma: Experimental Evidence From Argentina and Venezuela:

Scholars have long claimed that political movements founded by charismatic leaders must undergo “routinization,” or depersonalization, to survive. Yet many such movements appear to have sustained t...
Salicylate toxicity after undetectable serum salicylate concentration: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Salicylates are usually rapidly absorbed and quickly measurable in serum. An undetectable serum salicylate concentration ([ASA]) may occur early after ingestion and may be interpreted a...
Bot Detection in Reddit Political Discussion

The existence of social media bots on political forums can muddle the perception of public opinion. Bot detection has been successful on platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Youtube. However, our research focuses on characterizing suspicious behavior on the social media platform Reddit; this platform structurally differs from its peers in that users subscribe to page topics and contribute to the discussion through comments or topical posts. We hypothesize that persons who intend to influence the public opinion would deploy paid users, or social media bots, to artificially amplify a political sentiment. We validate our hypothesis by using a network-based approach that reveals a fully connected band of users which includes users with the word "bot" in their name, as well as users who exhibit otherwise a bot type behavior.
Pattern and severity of transverse sinus stenosis in patients with pulsatile tinnitus associated with sigmoid sinus wall anomalies.

Objective Describe the location and severity of transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) in a consecutive series of patients with intraoperatively confirmed sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities (SSWA). Methods A retrospective review of imaging studies from patients undergoing sinus wall reconstruction for pulsatile tinnitus associated with SSWA "was performed." Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the TSS, including the side, type, location, extent, and severity, were performed and compared with normal controls and historical controls with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Results Twenty-six of 36 subjects had adequate imaging data. The majority of subjects had some degree of bilateral TSS, and the majority of stenoses involved the distal transverse sinus. Subjects with diverticulum were significantly more likely than those with dehiscence to have ipsilateral distal TSS (16 of 16 vs. 4 of 10, P = 0.009). The mean minimum transverse sinus diameter, stenosis severity grade, and overall posterior venous sinus outflow were significantly worse in the subjects as compared to normal controls (P = 0.002), although not as severe as the comparable values in historical controls with IIH (P Conclusion Subjects with SSWA have a high incidence of TSS, with patterns differing between those with dehiscence and diverticulum. Severity of TSS and overall posterior fossa venous outflow are worse as compared to normal controls but not as severe as in subjects with IIH. These findings have implications for the pathophysiology and management of SSWA. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1028-1033, 2020.
The 2016 Election in Iowa: An Introduction

In this chapter, I contextualize the 2016 presidential election in Iowa, including a description of the election results statewide. Focusing on the literature written about Iowa politics, this chapter introduces the reader to the roots of competitive elections, which leads to the state being identified as a swing state. This chapter also focuses on the significant shift in candidate preference between Barack Obama’s statewide victories in 2008 and 2012, and Donald Trump’s statewide victory in 2016. It concludes with an outline for the remainder of the book, accompanied by a description of the remaining chapters.
The Neglected Intelligence Course: Needs and Suggested Solutions

Intelligence is a well-studied construct in psychology that has correlational relationships with many educational, employment, and health outcomes. However, prior research indicates that incorrect ...
Oral contraceptives and depression.

Sir--Dr. Thakurdas (May 27 p. 1164) and Dr. McGregor (June 3 p. 1231) have mentioned their clinical impressions concerning the depression associated with the use of oral contraceptives. I disagree with Dr. McGregors observation that depression is more commonly associated with the oestrogen/progestogen combinations than with the sequential contraceptives. At a recent meeting this matter was discussed and an incidence of 1-2% of depressions was reported associated with the administration of either type of oral contraceptive. Chlormadinone acetate in a dosage of .5 mg. daily has been reported to be an effective contraceptive agent and so far there are no reports of depressions associated with its use. On the other hand there has been a report showing that the incidence of menstrually related depressions decreased after long-term administration of oral contraceptives and a more recent one emphasises both mood and behavioural changes associated with the use of oral contraceptives although one of the conclusions is that there is not enough evidence to clarify these effects. I believe that the depression and mood changes in general associated with the use of oral contraceptives could be better understood if we study central-nerv-ous-system effects of both oestrogens and progestogens. We are organizing a project in this area. We are also going to test chlormadinone acetate against other oral contraceptives to evaluate the reported lack of depression associated with its administration.(Full full text)
Insulin suppresses transcriptional activity of yes-associated protein in insulin target cells

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the main transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo pathway, integrates multiple inputs from different signaling cascades. Evidence implicates YAP in the control of cellular nutrient and energy status, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here we show that insulin modulates YAP transcriptional activity in classic insulin target cells, namely HepG2 and C2C12. Insulin increases YAP phosphorylation and significantly decreases YAP abundance in HepG2 cell nuclei. Proximity ligation assay analysis revealed a marked reduction in the interaction of YAP with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors in the nuclei of insulin-exposed cells. Consistent with these findings, insulin impaired both YAP/TEAD-mediated transcription and transcription of YAP target genes in HepG2 and C2C12 cells. Serum starvation abrogated the effect of insulin on YAP phosphorylation and YAP transcription. Both the expression of two gluconeogenesis genes, G6PC and PCK1, and the inhibitory effect of insulin on these genes were attenuated in YAP-deficient HepG2 cells. Our results identify insulin as a previously undescribed suppressor of YAP activity in insulin target cells and provide insight into cross-talk between the insulin and Hippo pathways.
The enhanced power factor of multi-walled carbon nanotube/stabilized polyacrylonitrile composites due to the partially conjugated structure

Abstract The studies of organic thermoelectric (TE) materials mainly focus on conductive polymers due to their conjugated molecular structures and high intrinsic electrical conductivity. When the conductive polymer is mixed with certain insulating polymers, the power factor was found enhanced. It is doubtful that the partially conjugated molecular structure is beneficial to the TE performance. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an insulating polymer with a non-conjugated structure in its backbone, however, it has a partially conjugated structure after thermal treatment. In this work, a composite of PAN and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was made and thermally treated in order to study the partially conjugated structure on the improvement of the power factor. By controlling the PAN content and the temperature of thermal treatments, a maximum power factor of 22 μW/mK2 was obtained from the MWCNT/PAN composite with 45% PAN content after thermally treated at 300 °C in air, which is 300% and 80% higher than that without PAN and before thermal treatment, respectively. It is demonstrated that the partially conjugated polymers play an important role in TE performance and they are promising candidates for high-efficient organic TE materials.
Sundance 2021 Introduction

[...]this did not slow things down: there were 14,092 submissions and 141 accepted projects, including 73 feature films and 50 short films, 44 countries represented, 39 first time feature filmmakers, and 68 feature world premieres. 35 of the feature filmmakers were women, and 32 were people of color. [...]the Festival has announced that they reached an audience 2.7 times larger than usual, with an estimate of some half a million viewers total. A refugee tells his story for the first time;nuns fight for their rights to speak and teach;stories of love, acceptance, truth and justice are presented in live action or animated form.
Undergraduate student interest in healthcare career in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectivesThe healthcare profession has been long considered an excellent career choice. Pre-medical experience is documented to be important in shaping future medical landscape. In the wake of the pandemic, there has been intense media spotlight on the healthcare profession and change in academic environment, necessitating analyses of student experience. This project aims to assess change in undergraduate student interest in healthcare career using cross-sectional survey study. MethodsThe project was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Voluntary survey collected data on demographics, socioeconomics, media exposure, academic environment, and change in interest in a healthcare profession. Survey was distributed through the university undergraduate pre-health listserv. Total of 297 responses were obtained. Descriptive statistics including Fishers exact test were applied in the analysis. ResultsMajority of the respondents were Asians (54.9%), second generation immigrants (52.2%), and female (73.4%). Large proportion of the respondents were negatively affected by the pandemic, with losing a job or internship personally (42.1%) or a family member or a friend (62.6%). Students had mixed response to online learning environment, with 27.3% of students noting no change, 40.4% students noting increased difficulty, and 32.3% students noting decreased difficulty of classes. During the pandemic, 47.5% of students noted increased interest in pursuing healthcare career. The change in interest in healthcare career was not associated with xdemographics, economic hardship, or online learning environment. DiscussionDespite the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic, students showed strong interest in pursuing healthcare careers.
Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve and optic sheath hemorrhages in child abuse

In abusive head trauma victims, optic nerves and optic sheath hemorrhages are commonly associated with retinal hemorrhages. Until now, optic nerve and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages related to abusive head trauma have been identified by exenteration and soft-tissue sectioning during postmortem examination. In 2013, we proposed the use of tailored high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI sequences to depict retinal hemorrhages in lieu of the gold standard dilated fundus exam, in select patients, and in 2017 we showed how the same high-resolution sequences used in the coronal plane can depict ruptured bridging veins in abusive head trauma. This paper describes the new potential diagnostic application of high-resolution axial and coronal SWI in the diagnosis of optic nerve and optic sheath hemorrhages.
TAPIOCA: Topological Attention and Predictive Inference of Chromatin Arrangement Using Epigenetic Features

Chromatin conformation is an important characteristic of the genome which has been repeatedly demonstrated to play vital roles in many biological processes. Chromatin can be characterized by the presence or absence of structural motifs called topologically associated domains. The de facto strategy for determination of topologically associated domains within a cell line is the use of Hi-C sequencing data. However Hi-C sequencing data can be expensive or otherwise unavailable. Various epigenetic features have been hypothesized to contribute to the determination of chromatin conformation. Here we present TAPIOCA, a self-attention based deep learning transformer algorithm for the prediction of chromatin topology which circumvents the need for labeled Hi-C data and makes effective predictions of chromatin conformation organization using only epigenetic features. TAPIOCA outperforms prior art in established metrics of TAD prediction, while generalizing across cell lines beyond those used in training. Availabilitythe source code of TAPIOCA and training and test datasets are available at https://github.com/Max-Highsmith/TAPIOCA Author SummaryIn this paper we outline a machine learning approach for predicting the topological organization of chromosomes using epigenetic track data as features. By utilizing an architecture inspired by the sequence transduction transformer network we are able to effectively predict multiple metrics used to characterize topologically associated domains. Our experimental results demonstrate that once trained our algorithm can effectively predict topological organization on novel cell lines all without any exposure to original Hi-C data in test datasets.
Revisiting Secondary Information Related to Pharmacogenetic Testing

Incidental or secondary findings have been a major part of the discussion of genomic medicine research and clinical applications. For pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, secondary findings arise due to the pleiotropic effects of pharmacogenes, often related to their endogenous functions. Unlike the guidelines that have been developed for whole exome or genome sequencing applications for management of secondary findings (though slightly different from PGx testing in that these refer to detection of variants in multiple genes, some with clinical significance and actionability), no corresponding guidelines have been developed for PGx clinical laboratories. Nonetheless, patient and provider education will remain key components of any PGx testing program to minimize adverse responses related to secondary findings.
Traditional and Nontraditional Empirically Based Exercise Programs for Active Females

Girls and women are generally less active than boys and men. In order to help promote exercise as a tool for health, major organizations have set exercise guidelines to help people exercise safely, efficiently, and effectively. In order for anyone to continue to exercise, it must be enjoyable. Girls and women need to find either a traditional or nontraditional exercise program that they enjoy and will pursue willingly. An exercise regimen should include cardiovascular endurance, muscular strengthening, and flexibility exercises. Recommendations for cardiovascular fitness include at least 5 days•week−1 of moderate activity for at least 30 min each day, OR 3 or more days•week−1 of vigorous activity for at least 20 min, OR a combination of the two. Individuals should perform muscular strengthening at least 2 days•week−1 and implement flexibility routines a minimum of 2–3 days•week−1. Alternative exercises such as yoga, breathing, and mindfulness while exercising are also discussed in this chapter. Physical activity is key to long-term good health regardless of gender and age; however, it is especially important for girls and women to be active throughout their life span.
Modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in Raman fiber amplifiers

Summary from only given. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the interplay between cross phase modulation (XPM) and group velocity dispersion (GVD) in the presence of Raman amplification in two commercially available single-mode optical fibers.
Quand la folle se tait: La psychanalyse et la construction de la voix fÃÂ©minine dans Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein

Notre but dans cet article est de mettre en lumiAÂ¨re la rencontre entre le discours masculin et la construction de la voix fAÂ©minine dans Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein , de Marguerite Duras. Dans ce roman, le narrateur cherche AÂ dAÂ©voiler lA¢â¬â¢identitAÂ© de Lol, tout en (re)construisant la chute AÂ« psychique AÂ» de celle-ci. Ce faisant, le narrateur finit par laisser voir son privilAÂ¨ge AÂ©pistAÂ©mologique, ainsi que son incompAÂ©tence narrative en tant que sujet masculin. En rapprochant cette construction de la folie dite AÂ« fAÂ©minine AÂ» et lA¢â¬â¢AÂ©tude de Dora de Freud, nous tenterons de dAÂ©voiler lA¢â¬â¢incapacitAÂ© de la part du narrateur masculin de raconter la subjectivitAÂ© fAÂ©minine. Enfin, en examinant de prAÂ¨s le lien entre le discours masculin et la construction de la folie (fAÂ©minine), nous ferons intervenir HAÂ©lAÂ¨ne Cixous et la notion de lA¢â¬â¢AÂ©criture fAÂ©minine, afin de resituer la subjectivitAÂ© fAÂ©minine dans le cadre du discours psychanalytique et dans celui de lA¢â¬â¢AÂ©criture (autobiographique).
Inverse bond length/bond angle relationships: Part 6. An ab initio survey of behavioral types

Abstract The correlation between a bond angle and the length of an adjacent bond has been modeled in molecular mechanics programs by introduction of a simple negative stretch-bend interaction constant. We have investigated the validity of this approach by ab initio calculations at the Hartree-Fock 6-31G∗ level for 20 molecules of the following types: AH2X2 (A = C, Si; X = F, Cl), AX3 (A = N, P) and AX2 (A= O, S; X= H, CH3,F, Cl). The bond length/bond angle (A-X/ ∠ X-A-X) relationships found are of two different types: purely inverse and having a minimum. A set of experimental data (25 molecules) for the P-F/ ∠F-P-F case is in good agreement with our calculations performed for the PF3 molecule. Equilibrium structures of the molecules studied are compared with available experimental data.
"Yes! We're all individuals!": redundancy in neuronal circuits.

In the mouse olfactory bulb, cells with common input respond to odors with similar firing rates but with different timing. This suggests that such 'sister' cells make independent and unique connections with local interneurons.
The Rotation of the Ap Stars from the Point of View of the Rigid Rotator Model

Deutsch‘s period vs. line-width relation for the periodic Ap stars is re-examined from the point of view of the rigid rotator with the aid of recently determined values of v sin i for these objects. The agreement between computed rotational velocities and observed values of v sin i is satisfactory if the radii of the Ap stars are twice those of zero-age main sequence stars of the same color. The computed rotational velocities also agree with the mean rotational velocities of all Ap stars if suitable allowances are made for observational limitations. However, a difficulty arises in connection with the number of ‘long-period’ stars that have been discovered. Their small computed rotational velocities and their frequency are such that they cannot be regarded as part of any rotational distribution function that describes normal stars or even most Ap stars. It is concluded that if the periods of these objects are rotational periods, then a powerful rotational deceleration mechanism must be operative in at least some Ap stars, primarily those of the SrCrEu group.
Dynamic hydrologic and geochemical response in a perennial karst spring

[1] Storms induce rapid variations in the discharge, specific conductivity, and temperature of a perennial karst spring in eastern Missouri that are followed by gradual return to normal conditions. These dynamics reflect the varying relative proportions of “base flow” and “event water” components that have different δ18O signatures, solute concentrations, flow paths, and transport timescales, which combine with other transport impedances to govern the temporal behavior of water quality parameters. A new Darcian model accurately reproduces the hydrograph and its separated components, defines the time constants that govern their physical and geochemical responses, and affords a quantitative method to investigate these linked behaviors. Analysis of 58 storm events reveals an average pulse time constant of 0.4 ± 0.2 days that is much shorter than the ∼2 year residence time of water in the aquifer derived from long-term δ18O variations. For individual pulses this short time constant for total flow approximates that of the base flow component, but the time constant for the event water component is even shorter. The same model also approximates other storm-induced variations and indicates they are all triggered at the same time but respond according to different time constants of 1.6 ± 0.2 days for oxygen isotopes, 1.6 ± 0.9 days for temperature, and 3.4 ± 1.0 days for specific conductivity and major ion concentrations. The time constant for discharge decreases somewhat with greater peak flows, while the geochemical time constants increase.
Production and vertical flux of attached bacteria in the hudson river plume of the new york bight as studied with floating sediment traps.

We investigated the growth and vertical flux of attached bacteria with floating sediment traps in the Hudson River Plume of the New York Bight during the spring diatom blooms. Traps were floated at the base of the mixed layer (ca. 10 m) for 1-day periods. After recovery, we measured bacterial abundance and rates of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation in the trap samples. The vertical flux of attached bacteria was estimated with a model formulated to distinguish between bacterial accumulation in traps due to in situ growth and that due to vertical flux. Attached bacterial flux ranged from 0.6 × 1011 to 2.0 × 1011 cells m−2 day−1, and attached bacterial settling rates of 0.1 to 1.0 m day−1 were observed during periods of vertical particulate organic carbon flux ranging from 254 to 1,267 mg of C m−2 day−1. In situ growth of bacteria in sediment traps was unimportant as a source of bacterial increase when compared with vertical flux during our study. The vertical flux of attached bacteria removed 3 to 67% of the total daily bacterial production from the water column. Particulate organic carbon is not significantly mineralized by attached bacteria during its descent to the sea floor in the plume area during this period, when water temperature and grazing rates are at their annual minima.
MASS IMMUNIZATION AGAINST TYPHUS FEVER

Excerpt In the control of typhus fever we are faced with a problem presented by a disease which is transmitted in nature by two arthropod vectors of different genera. The epidemiological picture, b...
ASIC design of a generalized covariance matrix processor for DOA algorithms

A generalized covariance matrix computation processor has been designed. The covariance matrix is the first processing step for the computation of the direction of arrival (DOA) algorithms. This covariance processor is useful for computing the covariance matrix for various DOA algorithms. In this work three DOA algorithms namely MUSIC algorithm for narrowband signal and BASS-ALE & bilinear transformation algorithms for wideband signals have been considered. The processor has been implemented using 0.8 micron CMOS technology and is suitable for real time processing. >
EQUILIBRIUM STRIKES OUT

In relativistic collisions of lead nuclei at 160-A·GeV, measurements at CERN suggest that a system has been created with an energy density approaching 3 GeV per fm3. Due to the relativistic contraction of incoming nuclei and the semi-transparent nature of the stopping, the thermalized system is initially pancake-shaped and rapidly expanding along the beam axis. During the first five fm/c, the energy density falls to of the order of 500 MeV/fm3, approximately the energy density of the interior of a single hadron, cooling from a range where quarks and gluons are appropriate degrees of freedom to conditions where a hadronic vocabulary is justified.
Psychophysical modeling of manual materials-handling capacities using isoinertial strength variables

Strength testing has been used to determine a worker's physical capacity as well as to screen an individual for placement in future employment. A comparison is made of the relationships between two types of strenght tests (isometric and isoinertial) and the manual materials-handling (MMH) capacities of individuals. Four MMH activities were evaluated: lifting from floor to knuckle height, lifting from knuckle to shoulder height, lowering from knuckle to floor height, and carrying for a 4.3-m distance. Psychophysical capacities were determined under three frequency conditions: one-time maximum, 1 lift/min, and 6 lifts/min. I soinertial 1.83-m maximum strength (Tl), tested on the incremental weight-lifting machine, proved to be the most highly correlated strength test to the capacities for MMH activities. Second-order polynomial regression models for MMH capacities were developed using T1as a predictor. The isoinertial strength test T1 is recommended as the most promising single screening test because of its...
Large deformation diffeomorphic registration of diffusion-weighted images

Registration of Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data emerges as an important topic in magnetic resonance (MR) image analysis. As existing methods are often designed for specific diffusion models, it is difficult to fit to the registered data different models other than the one used for registration. In this paper we describe a diffeomorphic registration algorithm for DWI data in a large deformation setting. Our method generates spatially normalized DWI data and it is thus possible to fit various diffusion models after registration for comparison purposes. Our algorithm includes (1) a reorientation component, where each diffusion profile (DWI signal as a function on a unit sphere) is decomposed, reoriented and recomposed to form the orientation-corrected DWI profile, and (2) a large deformation diffeomorphic registration component to ensure one-to-one mapping in a large-structural-variation scenario. In addition our algorithm uses a geodesic shooting mechanism to avoid the huge computational resources that are needed to register high-dimensional vector-valued data. We also incorporate into our algorithm a multi-kernel strategy where anatomical structures at different scales are considered simultaneously during registration. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method using in vivo data.
Using Simultaneous Structures to Cope With Uncertainty

The article discusses a study pertaining the corporate use of simultaneous structures in work units to cope with uncertainty. A work unit in this context refers to a supervisor and their subordinat...
Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic

1. The Experience of Anxiety: Shadow of Intelligence or Specter of Death? 2. Fear, Anxiety, and Theories of Emotion 3. The Nature of Anxious Apprehension 4. The Phenomenon of Panic 5. Provoking Panic in the Laboratory 6. Biological Aspects of Anxiety and Panic 7. True Alarms, False Alarms, and Learned (Conditioned) Anxiety: The Origins of Panic and Phobia 8. The Origins of Anxious Apprehension, Anxiety Disorders, and Related Emotional Disorders: Triple Vulnerabilities 9. Classification of Anxiety Disorders Timothy A. Brown, David H. Barlow 10. Panic Disorder Kamila S. White, David H. Barlow 11. Specific Phobias Martin M. Antony, David H. Barlow 12. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Terence M. Keane, David H. Barlow 13. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) Stefan G. Hofmann, David H. Barlow 14. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Lizabeth Roemer, Susan M. Orsillo, David H. Barlow 15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Gail Steketee, David H. Barlow