cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dust bags to backrubbers for control of horn flies and face flies on beef cattle in east-central South Dakota.

In 1970, a study was conducted in east-central South Dakota to compare effectiveness of dust bags to back rubbers in controlling horn flies. Haematobia irritans (L.), and face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer, on beef Cattle. These devices were placed in a self-applicatory situation. The dust hags were tilled with 1.816 kg of 3% crotoxyphos, and the back rubber contained a mixture of 0.946 liter toxaphene 6 EC to 18.925 liters used motor oil. Both self-applicatory devices provided excellent horn fly control on cows and calves throughout the test period, but face fly control was much less effective.
Influence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Bone Age and Body Height in Children

Objective To observe the effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone age(BA),body height and thyroid hormones in children.Methods Thirty children with subclinical hypothyroidism(subclinical hypothyroidism group) were recruited in the study.Meanwhile 30 healthy children were selected as healthy control group.The weight and height of each child were measured with the same platform scale.Greulich-Pyle atlas was used to evaluate the level of BA of posteroanterior radiograph about left wrist and finger joint.The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),free triiodothyronine(FT3) and free-thyroxine(FT4) were measured by using the Roche chemiluminescence immunity analyzer E170.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the datas.BA,body height and thyroid hormones levels were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis.Results The BA[(8.17±2.29) years],body height [(131.47±13.41) cm] in subclinical hypothyroi-dism group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group[(10.08±2.75) years,(141.05±15.12) cm](t=2.92,2.60,Pa0.05).The TSH[(5.93±1.77) mIU·L-1] in subclinical hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group[(2.66±1.28) mIU·L-1](t =8.17,P0.001).There were statistically positive correlation between BA and body height(r=0.940,P0.01),and negatively correlated to TSH(r=-0.450,P0.05) in subclinical hypothyroidism group.FT3[(5.43±1.37) pmol·L-1] and FT4[(17.29±2.03) pmol·L-1] in the subclinical hypothyroidism group had no statistical difference compared with those in healthy control group[(5.83±1.11) pmol·L-1,(17.22±1.96) pmol·L-1 ](t=1.24,0.14,Pa0.05).Conclusions Subclinical hypothyroidism in children may lead to the backward of BA and body height,and needs to be used the medicine to carry on the intervention treatment.
Predictors of faculty-student engagement for Black men in Urban Community Colleges: An Investigation of the Community College Survey of Men

This research focuses on factors predicting faculty–student engagement for Black male collegians. In this study, the authors investigated whether students’ perceptions of racial/gender stereotypes ...
An Automatic Meter Reading System Based on Integrated Carrier and Power Frequency Technology

Low-voltage power line carrier channel attenuation,interference and random dynamicity make the carrier communication can not satisfy automatic meter reading system whole collection and coverage construction requirements.TWACS also transmits signal by power line,and uses the 50Hz power frequency signal as its carrier frequency,which is not conflictive with the 3～500kHz carrier communication frequency range.Based on the long transmission distance,high communication reliability and low cost of TWACS,this paper realizes a mixing network composed of carrier and power frequency communication without any additional equipment.Then the system implementation of concentrator and acquisition terminal is discussed,aiming at the given networking scheme.The field test proved that the system effectively solves the carrier communication blind spot problem,with high reading success rate and good communication effect.
Ethnic differences in heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty

Aims We aimed to assess the influence of ethnicity on the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and Methods We studied the six-month post-operative anteroposterior radiographs of 1449 consecutive primary THAs (1324 patients) and retrospectively graded them for the presence of HO, using the Brooker Classification. Results Based on multivariate analysis, African-American ethnicity was an independent risk factor for HO formation following THA with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 5.2, p = 0.007) for severe HO and 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.7, p < 0.001) for any grade of HO. Conclusion Given the increased risk of HO formation, particularly high grade HO, and the potentially poorer outcomes associated with HO, it is important to consider using prophylaxis against HO in patients of African-American ethnicity undergoing THA. Take home message: African Americans are at an increased risk for developing heterotopic ossification and thus may benefit from HO prophylaxis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:761–6.
Development of a method of analysis for 46 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS) was developed for analysis of 46 pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The SFE procedure used 2 commercial instruments that trapped the extracts on solid-phase material. Silica gel chemically bound to octadecylsilane (ODS) collected the extracted pesticides efficiently, and elution of the trap with acetonitrile gave high recoveries. Extracts thus obtained were sufficiently clean for subsequent GC/ITMS analysis. The SFE conditions were 320 atm and 60 degrees C (0.85 g/mL CO2 density) and 1.6 mL/min CO2 flow rate for 6 extraction vessel volumes. Trapping on 1 mL ODS occurred at 10 degrees C, and a 0.4 mL/min flow rate of acetonitrile at 40 degrees-50 degrees C was used to elute the pesticides. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the 46 pesticides were performed simultaneously by GC/ITMS. Studies of fortified samples gave > 80% recoveries for 39 pesticides, and recoveries of > 50% for the other pesticides, except methamidophos and omethoate. Grapes, carrots, potatoes, and broccoli were used as samples during method development, and a blind experiment involving incurred and fortified samples was used to test the approach. Results of the blind study compared satisfactorily with results from 7 laboratories using traditional GC detectors and solvent-based extractions.
RigidBodyPoseEstimationbased on the Lagrange-d’AlembertPrinciple⋆

Stable estimation of rigid body pose and velocities from noisy measurements, without any knowledge of the dynamics model, is treated using the Lagrange-d’Alembert principle from variational mechanics. With body-fixed optical and inertial sensor measurements, a Lagrangian is obtained as the difference between a kinetic energy-like term that is quadratic in velocity estimation error and the sum of two artificial potential functions; one obtained from a generalization of Wahba’s function for attitude estimation and another which is quadratic in the position estimate error. An additional dissipation term that is linear in the velocity estimation error is introduced, and the Lagrange-d’Alembert principle is applied to the Lagrangian with this dissipation. A Lyapunov analysis shows that the state estimation scheme so obtained provides stable asymptotic convergence of state estimates to actual states in the absence of measurement noise, with an almost global domain of attraction. This estimation scheme is discretized for computer implementation using discrete variational mechanics, as a first order Lie group variational integrator. The continuous and discrete pose estimation schemes require optical measurements of at least three inertially fixed landmarks or beacons in order to estimate instantaneous pose. The discrete estimation scheme can also estimate velocities from such optical measurements. Moreover, all states can be estimated during time periods when measurements of only two inertial vectors, the angular velocity vector, and one feature point position vector are available in body frame. In the presence of bounded measurement noise in the vector measurements, numerical simulations show that the estimated states converge to a bounded neighborhood of the actual states.
Measuring tissue elastic properties using acoustic radiation force on laser-generated bubbles

We apply acoustic radiation force to bubbles generated by laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) to study the mechanical response of the surrounding medium. Optical breakdown occurs when sufficiently high threshold fluence is attained at the focus of femtosecond pulsed lasers, inducing plasma formation and bubble generation. LIOB bubbles are of particular interest because they can be generated at very precise locations and optical parameters can be varied to control size. In this investigation, femtosecond laser pulses are focused in the volume of gelatin phantoms of different concentrations to form bubbles. A two-element confocal ultrasonic transducer generates acoustic radiation force on individual bubbles while monitoring their displacement within an elastic medium. Single tone burst pushes of varying duration have been applied by the outer element at 1.5 MHz. The inner element receives pulse-echo recordings at 7.44 MHz before, during, and after the excitation bursts and cross-correlation processing is performed offline to monitor bubble position. Maximal bubble displacements of 293 /spl mu/m, 144 /spl mu/m, and 88 /spl mu/m have been measured in response to a single 6.7 ms ultrasound burst in 5%, 7.5%, and 10% gelatin phantoms, respectively. The time constants for bubble relaxation curves following the push bursts show a decreasing trend with increasing gel stiffness. These results demonstrate that bubble response to acoustic radiation force is directly related to gelatin concentration and, therefore, the viscoelasticity of the surrounding medium.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Opioid Use in Outpatients With Chronic Pain

Abstract The Weill Cornell Medical College Pain Registry database contains patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for a prospective cohort of 1,159 chronic pain patients who were seen at the Weill Cornell Medical College Pain Medicine outpatient clinic from July 8, 2011 to December 10, 2014. Patients aged 45 to 64 years comprised 43% followed by age ≥ 65 years at 37%. Fifty-eight percent were female. Average pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory) was reported as mild by 22.3% of patients, moderate by 34.7%, and severe by 43.0%. For each pain intensity category, patient's report of average percent pain relief and health state (EuroQOL 5 Dimensions) was inversely related to average pain intensity category, whereas measures of pain interference, number of worst pain locations, and physical and psychological distress were directly related to pain intensity category. Seventy-seven percent of patients received an opioid at 1 or more clinic encounters. Median daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents was 55 with a range from 2 to 1,145 morphine equivalents. Regression analysis revealed that being male was associated with greater likelihood of an opioid ordered and higher average dosage than being female. The registry can identify patient characteristics and treatments that provide new insights into chronic pain management. Perspective This article describes results of analyses of patient-reported outcomes and patient–related electronic health record data collected under standard of care from a prospective cohort of chronic pain outpatients at a New York City pain management clinic. The registry provides an opportunity to learn how to improve individualized chronic pain management.
Article 37 [Cooperation Between States Parties and the Committee]

The term “shall cooperate” contained in Article 37, para. 1, means that the two principal actors, the States Parties and the CRPD Committee, with separate roles and functions defined by the CRPD, shall “operate jointly” to pursue the Convention’s objectives. For this purpose, Article 37, para. 1, provides the obligation of States Parties to collaborate with the CRPD Committee and assist its members in order to undertake its mandate.
Bioelectrocatalytic NAD+/NADH inter-conversion: transformation of an enzymatic fuel cell into an enzymatic redox flow battery

Diaphorase and a benzylpropylviologen redox polymer were combined to create a bioelectrode that can both oxidize NADH and reduce NAD+. We demonstrate how bioelectrocatalytic NAD+/NADH inter-conversion can transform a glucose/O2 enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) with an open circuit potential (OCP) of 1.1 V into an enzymatic redox flow battery (ERFB), which can be rapidly recharged by operation as an EFC.
Review of The Marie Curie Sequence

A review of The Marie Curie Sequence (2017), a collection of poems by Michelle Reale exploring the life and work of Marie Curie.
Fast, irreversible modification of cysteines through strain releasing conjugate additions of cyclopropenyl ketones

A method of cysteine alkylation using cyclopropenyl ketones is described. Due to the significant release of cyclopropene strain energy, reactions of thiols with cyclopropenyl ketones are both fast and irreversible and give rise to stable conjugate addition adducts. The resulting cyclopropenyl ketones have a low molecular weight and allow for simple attachment of amides via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-esters. While cyclopropenyl ketones do display slow background reactivity toward water, labeling by thiols is much more rapid. The reaction of a cyclopropenyl ketone with glutathione (GSH) proceeds with a rate of 595 M−1 s−1 in PBS at pH 7.4, which is considerably faster than α-halocarbonyl labeling reagents, and competitive with maleimide/thiol couplings. The method has been demonstrated in protein conjugation, and an arylthiolate conjugate was shown to be stable upon prolonged incubation in either GSH or human plasma. Finally, cyclopropenyl ketones were used to create PEG-based hydrogels that are stable to prolonged incubation in a reducing environment.
The Madness of Madness in Hesse’s The Steppenwolf

The subtitle of the novel (for madmen only) is interesting since it is not by madmen only or on madmen only, but for madmen only; presumably only madmen will understand it and that brings up the notion of what it is to be mad. There is nothing in Haller’s records that would indicate “madness” in the sense of being out of “insane.” Haller is always in control, at least at the beginning. In addition, nothing in the way the voice of the discourse sounds or within the substance has altered. The only thing that is different is what the nephew says about himself and how that differs from Haller, but the voices are similar to Hesse’s own which in its own way comments on the notion of the madness of madness.
JOHN LOCKE AND THE POLITICS OF MONETARY DEPOLITICIZATION

During the Coinage Crisis of 1695, John Locke successfully advocated a full recoinage without devaluation by insisting on silver money's “intrinsick value.” The Great Recoinage has ever since been seen as a crucial step toward the Financial Revolution and it was long regarded as Locke's most consequential achievement. This article places Locke's intervention in the context of the postrevolutionary English state at war and reads his monetary pamphlets as an integral, if largely neglected, part of his political philosophy. Instead of taking Locke's insistence on “intrinsick value” itself at face value, I argue that it was precisely money's fragile conventionality that threatened its role as a societal bond of trust. In response to this fragility and corruptibility, Locke tied money by fiat to an initially arbitrary but unalterable quantity of metal. While Locke's argument contributed to the modern naturalization of money, it arose from a paradoxical political act of monetary depoliticization.
A Primer on Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Heart

As a biological pump the heart is a self-renewing engine serving the efficient conversion of chemical to mechanical energy. Among others, glucose, lactate and glycogen are providing substrates for the heart. Glucose homeostasis in the cardiomyocyte is tightly regulated by hemodynamic factors, neurohumoral factors, and oxygen availability. The efficiency of carbohydrates for oxidative mitochondrial ATP production is well recognized both in vivo and ex vivo. Glucose and glycogen also provide a small, but sometimes critical, amount of ATP through substrate level phosphorylation in the glycolytic pathway. Glucose, lactate and glycogen compete with fatty acids as substrates for oxidative metabolism and provide anaplerotic substrate for the Krebs cycle in the form of pyruvate carboxylation. The product of the first reaction in the glycolytic pathway, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) is also the substrate for phosphoglucomutase (the first step in glycogen synthesis), for the pentose phosphate pathway, and for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. G6P is also part of the nutrient signaling in the mTOR pathway. Collectively, carbohydrate metabolism is a highly regulated, integral part of energy transfer and metabolic signaling in heart muscle.
Segmentation of 3d Photogrammetric Point Cloud for 3d Building Modeling

Abstract. 3D city modeling has become important over the last decades as these models are being used in different studies including, energy evaluation, visibility analysis, 3D cadastre, urban planning, change detection, disaster management, etc. Segmentation and classification of photogrammetric or LiDAR data is important for 3D city models as these are the main data sources, and, these tasks are challenging due to their complexity. This study presents research in progress, which focuses on the segmentation and classification of 3D point clouds and orthoimages to generate 3D urban models. The aim is to classify photogrammetric-based point clouds (> 30 pts/sqm) in combination with aerial RGB orthoimages (~ 10 cm, RGB image) in order to name buildings, ground level objects (GLOs), trees, grass areas, and other regions. If on the one hand the classification of aerial orthoimages is foreseen to be a fast approach to get classes and then transfer them from the image to the point cloud space, on the other hand, segmenting a point cloud is expected to be much more time consuming but to provide significant segments from the analyzed scene. For this reason, the proposed method combines segmentation methods on the two geoinformation in order to achieve better results.
Proximal small intestinal mucosal injury. Maintenance of glucose and glucose polymer absorption, attenuation of disaccharide absorption.

The effect of chronic intragastric infusion of hypertonic mannitol on small intestinal mucosal structure and function was studied in adult rats. Animals were gavagefed 20% mannitol (1300 mosm) at a dose of 5 ml/100 g body weight daily for seven days. Control animals were gavagefed tap water on the same schedule. On day 8, the animals were anesthetized, the duodenum cannulated, and a test sugar (glucose, glucose polymer, lactose, sucrose, or maltose) was infused at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight in 2.5 ml distilled water over less than 1 min. Portal vein glucose was measured at 30-min intervals from 0 to 120 min. Mannitol treatment resulted in histologic and biochemical alterations (reduced lactase, sucrase, maltase) limited to the proximal small intestine compared to the control group. The absorption of glucose and glucose polymers was similar in mannitoltreated and control animals. In contrast, digestion and absorption of lactose, sucrose, and maltose was significantly diminished in mannitol-treated animals when compared to controls. No changes in permeability to polyethylene glycol 4000 or Na+-coupled glucose transport were observed in mannitol-treated animals compared to controls. These data suggest that when the intestinal mucosa is exposed to hyperosmolar loads that the digestive capacity for disaccharides is suppressed more than its glucose absorptive capacities. Furthermore, glucose oligomers may be more readily digested and absorbed than disaccharides, in this setting, due, in part, to the proximal injury and less pronounced proximal-distal gradient for glucoamylase than other brushborder carbohydrases.
Making Sure You See the Real Me: The Role of Self-Esteem in Spontaneous Self-Expansion:

People alter their self-concepts by incorporating attributes of close others, such as desired romantic partners, into their own identity. The current research examined self-esteem as a moderator of...
LeapIO: Efficient and Portable Virtual NVMe Storage on ARM SoCs

Today's cloud storage stack is extremely resource hungry, burning 10-20% of datacenter x86 cores, a major "storage tax" that cloud providers must pay. Yet, the complex cloud storage stack is not completely offload-ready to today's IO accelerators. We present LeapIO, a new cloud storage stack that leverages ARM-based co-processors to offload complex storage services. LeapIO addresses many deployment challenges, such as hardware fungibility, software portability, virtualizability, composability, and efficiency. It uses a set of OS/software techniques and new hardware properties that provide a uni- form address space across the x86 and ARM cores and ex- pose virtual NVMe storage to unmodified guest VMs, at a performance that is competitive with bare-metal servers.
Chemical synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides: lacto-N-neohexaose (Galβ1 → 4GlcNAcβ1→)2 3,6Galβ1 → 4Glc

The first chemical synthesis of lacto-N-neohexaose (LNnH) has been completed using a convergent synthetic strategy. The reaction conditions and donor-acceptor combinations have been carefully refined to minimize side reactions and achieve high yields in all glycosylation steps. Lacto-N-neotetraose, another common human milk oligosaccharide, was also synthesized en route to the target LNnH.
Abstract A27: Heterotypic 3D bioprinted tissues to interrogate tumor-microenvironment crosstalk in cancer

The tumor microenvironment is composed of multiple cell types (e.g., fibroblast, vascular, and immune cells), extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and signaling molecules that critically influence tumor cell phenotypes. The study of isolated tumor cells in culture has contributed to the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that regulate oncogenic phenotypes. As tumors develop, however, cancer cells secrete factors that functionally reprogram the genetically “normal” stromal cells in their environment. These tumor-associated stromal cells then further alter the microenvironment, providing tumor-stromal cell and tumor-ECM interactions that critically regulate tumor behaviors such as early tumor initiation, metastatic progression, and response to therapies. We recently developed heterotypic, scaffold-free tissue models of advanced cancer using an extrusion-based bioprinter system. Multiple cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells can be incorporated into bioprinted tissues with defined architecture. We found that cells within these structures exhibit a tissue-like cellular density, proliferate, deposit ECM, migrate, and respond to extrinsic signals. Cells within these tissues self-organize to form complex structures, as indicated by nascent endothelial networks, and respond to extrinsic signals. We assessed intrinsic, extrinsic, and spatial tumorigenic phenotypes including cell survival, cell proliferation, differentiation state, ECM deposition, and cellular migration within these tissues in response to extrinsic signals or therapies. Together, this work demonstrates that bioprinted tumor tissue models recapitulate many aspects of in vivo neoplastic tissues. We are continuing to use 3D bioprinted tumor tissues, leveraging the manipulable nature of these models to interrogate the role of distinct tumor microenvironments on tumor cell phenotypes including proliferation, migration, and response to therapies. In pancreatic cancer models, we have printed tissues containing pancreatic stellate cells with and without knockdown of the prolyl isomerase PIN1, which we show inhibits stellate cell activation. We show that loss of PIN1 in the stellate cells surrounding the tumor has effects not only on activation markers of fibroblasts, but also on tumor, endothelial, and immune phenotypes within the tissues. Further work is focused on characterizing the signals that drive these changes. Citation Format: Ellen M. Langer, Isabel A. English, Megan A. Turnidge, Zinab O. Doha, Rosalie C. Sears. Heterotypic 3D bioprinted tissues to interrogate tumor-microenvironment crosstalk in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
Input-output signal processing plasticity of vagal motorneurons in response to cardiac ischemic injury

Abstract Vagal stimulation is emerging as the next frontier in bioelectronic medicine to modulate peripheral organ health and treat disease. The neuronal molecular phenotypes in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) remain largely unexplored, limiting the potential for harnessing the DMV plasticity for therapeutic interventions. We developed a mesoscale single cell transcriptomics data from hundreds of DMV neurons under homeostasis and following physiological perturbations. Our results revealed that homeostatic DMV neuronal states can be organized into distinguishable input-output signal processing units. Remote ischemic preconditioning induced a distinctive shift in the neuronal states towards diminishing the role of inhibitory inputs, with concomitant changes in regulatory microRNAs miR-218a and miR-495. Chronic cardiac ischemic injury resulted in a dramatic shift in DMV neuronal states suggestive of enhanced neurosecretory function. We propose a DMV molecular network mechanism that integrates combinatorial neurotransmitter inputs from multiple brain regions and humoral signals to modulate cardiac health.
Being There: The Importance of Direct Observation in Resident Assessment.

There are many methods to assess resident competency. In this report the author describes an experience that strongly suggests the superiority of direct observation compared to other methods. Liter...
Use of Gloves to Examine Intermittent Palm Cooling's Impact on Rowing Ergometry.

O'Brien, IT, Kozerski, AE, Gray, WD, Chen, L, Vargas, LJ, McEnroe, CB, Vanhoover, AC, King, KM, Pantalos, GM, and Caruso, JF. Use of gloves to examine intermittent palm cooling's impact on rowing ergometry. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of this study was to examine the use of gloves on intermittent palm cooling's impact on rowing ergometry workouts. Our methods had subjects (n = 34) complete 3 rowing ergometer workouts of up to 8 2-minute stages separated by 45- or 60-second rests. They were randomized to one of the following treatments per workout: no palm cooling (NoPC), intermittent palm cooling as they rowed (PCex), or intermittent palm cooling as they rowed and post-exercise (PCex&post). Palm cooling entailed intermittent cold (initial temperature: 8.1° C) application and totaled 10 (PCex) and 20 (PCex&post) minutes, respectively. Workouts began with 8 minutes of rest after which pre-exercise data were obtained, followed by a ten-minute warm-up and the workout, and 20 minutes of post-exercise recovery. Numerous physiological and performance variables were collected before, during, and after workouts, and each was analyzed with either a two- or three-way analysis of variance. Our results include, with a 0.05 alpha and a simple effects post hoc, the distance rowed analysis produced a significant workout effect with PCex, PCex&post > NoPC. There were also significant interworkout differences for heart rate (HR) (NoPC > PCex) and blood lactate concentration (NoPC > PCex, PCex&post). We conclude that lower HRs and blood lactate concentrations from intermittent cooling caused subjects to experience less fatigue during those workouts and enabled more work to be performed. Continued research should identify optimal cooling characteristics to expedite body heat removal. Practical applications suggest that intermittent palm cooling administered with gloves enhance performance by abating physiological markers of fatigue.
Noble Metal Organometallic Complexes Display Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 as a devastating viral pathogen with no available preventative or treatment to control what led to the current global pandemic. The continued spread of the virus and increasing death toll necessitate the development of effective antiviral treatments to combat this virus. To this end, we evaluated a new class of organometallic complexes as potential antivirals. Our findings demonstrate that two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) rhodium piano stool complexes, Cp*Rh(1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene)Cl2 (complex 2) and Cp*Rh(dipivaloylmethanato)Cl (complex 4), have direct virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Subsequent in vitro testing suggests that complex 4 is the more stable and effective complex and demonstrates that both 2 and 4 have low toxicity in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. The results presented here highlight the potential application of organometallic complexes as antivirals and support further investigation into their activity.
Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on 82Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and coronary microvascular dysfunction, we measured myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with primary and secondary RP and controls. METHODS Patients with RP, patient controls, and healthy participants who underwent dynamic rest-stress 82-rubidium PET/CT were studied. Differences in heart rate-blood pressure product-corrected MFR and clinical predictors of reduced MFR (< 2.0) were determined. RESULTS Forty-nine patients with RP (80% female; aged 65 ± 11 yrs; 11 with primary RP, 18 with systemic sclerosis [SSc], and 20 with other autoimmune rheumatic diseases [AIRDs] including 6 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 6 with rheumatoid arthritis, 4 with overlap syndrome, 2 with Sjogren syndrome, and 2 with inflammatory arthritis), 49 matched patients without RP or AIRD (78% female; 64 ± 13 yrs), and 14 healthy participants (50% female; 35 ± 5 yrs) were studied. Patients with primary RP, matched patient controls, and healthy participants had comparable MFR. Patients with SSc-RP had significantly reduced MFR (1.62 ± 0.32) compared to matched patient controls (P = 0.03, 2.06 ± 0.61) and to healthy participants (P = 0.01, 2.22 ± 0.44). In multivariable logistic regression, SSc was an independent predictor of reduced MFR. We identified a correlation between time since AIRD diagnosis and MFR (r = -0.30, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.02, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that only secondary, not primary, RP is associated with reduced MFR, and that patients with SSc-RP have reduced MFR compared to those with primary RP and patients with other AIRDs. Larger prospective studies are warranted to fully elucidate the prognostic value of MFR in patients with secondary RP.
Заметки о надлежащем правовом процессе в еврейской Традиции и о еврейском отношении к «царице доказательств» (Notes on Jewish Traditional ‘Due Process of Law’ and Jewish Rebellion Against ‘Queen of Proofs’)

Russian Abstract: Нормы еврейской традиции содержали основные требования надлежащего правового процесса – презумпцию невиновности, состязательность процесса и необходимость доказывать злой умысел в уголовном процессе за тысячу (или тысячи) лет до того, как эти нормы на некоторое время утвердились в цивилизованных странах. Отдельно разбирается проблемная норма «Заведения под свод», как будто игнорирующая эти требования и в связи с этим почти не упоминающийся в еврейской традиции суд царя (государственный суд – основа реально действующей судебной системы).. English Abstract: Jewish traditional Law (Halacha) contained all classical components of ‘Due Process of Law’ – presumption of innocence, competitive process with strong legal defense and duty of prosecutor to prove criminal intent in the cases of severe crimes - many centuries before modern legal practices in the Rule of Law countries. Special attention is paid on ‘Placing in a cell’ law ‘as if’ breaching the regular norms of Jewish legal process norms. Regarding this case the court of the King (state’s court system – the main structure of the really acting Judiciary) almost missed in the mainstream of Jewish tradition is discussed in the paper.
Why is AAV FVIII gene therapy not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration yet

The prospect of a clinical strategy using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for expression of therapeutic levels of factor VIII (FVIII) has been highly desirable. This was initially anticipated by promising data from clinical studies on AAV5-FVIII in men with severe hemophilia A. However, long-term follow-up showed a unique efficacy concern on the sustainability and durability derived from a continuous decline in the FVIII transgene levels starting 1 year after vector injection through year 5. Additional follow-up of early-phase studies and outcomes of an ongoing phase 3 study will likely provide evidence on the feasibility of this approach. Here, the potential underlying mechanisms of the FVIII declining levels, together with the revision of several unique early and late onset findings, are discussed. The lack of long-term preclinical studies in large animal models prevents the firm conclusion that FVIII levels decline was unexpected. It is possible that the combination of vector manufacturing platform and dose, accompanied with ectopic expression of supraphysiologic levels of FVIII at short-term follow-up, may all contribute to the sustainability and durability of the transgene levels. Notably, vector readministration to further improve the FVIII levels is not feasible at this time. Thus, the need of a one-and-done AAV strategy to achieve sustain FVIII levels of expression is sine qua non to impact favorably the disease phenotype.
Design and Analysis of Longitudinal Studies on Aging

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on ways to achieve an integrative understanding of aging-related changes. Comprehensive, developmental theories are sought that combine both between-person (BP) and within-person (WP) sources of information from results based on appropriate designs and tenable assumptions. These two general sources of variability cannot be expected to correspond. There is good evidence that BP differences are important modifiers of WP processes and that WP processes are important components of subsequent BP differences. It is also essential for continued understanding of change that the interpretations of results and theoretical developments be sensitive to different temporal sampling spans, as these will likely reflect different WP processes and influences. The study of WP change emphasizes the interplay among cognitive, emotional, and physiological characteristics in the development and changing contexts that occur over time, and thus is sensitive to the temporal sampling of the design. This requires many different levels of analysis that are each complementary and necessary perspectives on the dynamics of aging. It is only within the context of longitudinal studies on aging that the critical comparison of both BP differences and WP change processes can be evaluated in the same sample of aging individuals.
X-ray computed tomography of wood-adhesive bondlines: attenuation and phase-contrast effects

Microscale X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is discussed as a technique for identifying 3D adhesive distribution in wood-adhesive bondlines. Visualization and material segmentation of the adhesives from the surrounding cellular structures require sufficient gray-scale contrast in the reconstructed XCT data. Commercial wood-adhesive polymers have similar chemical characteristics and density to wood cell wall polymers and therefore do not provide good XCT attenuation contrast in their native form. Here, three different adhesive types, namely phenol formaldehyde, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and a hybrid polyvinyl acetate, are tagged with iodine such that they yield sufficient X-ray attenuation contrast. However, phase-contrast effects at material edges complicate image quality and segmentation in XCT data reconstructed with conventional filtered backprojection absorption contrast algorithms. A quantitative phase retrieval algorithm, which isolates and removes the phase-contrast effect, was demonstrated. The article discusses and illustrates the balance between material X-ray attenuation and phase-contrast effects in all quantitative XCT analyses of wood-adhesive bondlines.
Activation of Lipoprotein Lipase by Apolipoprotein Glutamic Acid FORMATION OF A STABLE SURFACE FILM

Abstract Surface monolayer techniques have been applied to the study of lipoprotein lipase from lipid-free bovine milk. Lipoprotein lipase activity was determined by measurement of the decrease in surface radioactivity as a result of enzymic hydrolysis of a glyceryl tri[1-14C]octanoate monolayer. The rate of hydrolysis was enhanced 5-fold by 10 nm apolipoprotein glutamic acid from human very low density lipoprotein. The activator protein and the enzymic activity were shown to associate as a stable surface film in the absence of lipid.
Active out-of-plane modes in 1A″(nπ∗)←S0 of benzaldehyde vapor

Abstract The vapor absorption spectra of 1 A″(nπ ∗ ) ← S 0 for benzaldehyde-h6, benzaldehyde-1-d, benzaldehyde-4-d, benzaldehyde-3,5-d2 and benzaldehyde-d6 have been obtained, and vibrational assignments made in the 3700–3400 A region. In all the spectra, the aldehyde torsional mode and the aldehyde out-of-plane mode show weak vibronic activity. In the 600–900 cm−1 region where ring hydrogen modes dominate, the strong band at 730 cm−1 in benzaldehyde-h6 and at 736 cm−1 in benzaldehyde-1-d is assigned as the ν11 benzene analog, and the weaker band at ∼860 cm−1 in both compounds to the ν17b analog. Ring deuteration changes the form of the normal coordinates so that the strong band at 708 cm−1 in benzaldehyde-4-d, 668 cm−1 in benzaldehyde-3,5-d2 more closely resemble the ν4 benzene analog. A second moderately strong band appears at 812 cm−1 in benzaldehyde-4-d, 854 cm−1 in benzaldehyde-3,5-d2- and in benzaldehyde-d6 at 724 cm−1, and is assigned to the ν17b benzene analog. The out-of, plane aldehyde hydrogen wag is not resolved in the vapor spectra indicating at the most, very weak activity. Two important conclusions arise from the vibronic assignments. Since the ring out-of-plane hydrogen modes are most effective in the vibronic intensification of the 1 A″ (nπ ∗ ) ← S 0 transition of benzaldehyde, there is considerable n-electron delocalization into the ring appropriate for describing the nπ ∗ state within the virtual orbital model. The highly active normal modes (ν4 in benzaldehyde-4-d, and -3,5-d2, ν11 in benzaldehyde-h6) involve substantial out-of-plane displacements of both the carbon and hydrogen atoms para to the aldehyde group. In contrast; in the very weakly active mode ν10a in benzaldehyde-h6 and -1-d these displacements either vanish or are very small supporting an n-electron density extending through the ring to the para position.
Conformational analysis—CX : Applications of the molecular mechanics method to organic halides

Abstract Available structural and thermochemical information concerning small halide molecules (fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides) has been fit to by an extension of the current hydrocarbon force field. It is found that the fit to structural information is good to approximately within experimental error, and predictions are made for many compounds. Heats of formation and energy differences between isomers, conformers, etc. are generally well calculated, but there are some small, though definite, systematic errors. These may be due to solvent effects. The calculations are then extended to dihalides, by inclusion of an electrostatic term and additional parameters involving halogen-halogen interactions. While dihalides and certain tetrahalides can be usually fit very well, the same parameters are not adequate for the treatment of other polyhalides.
Carbon Partitioning in Eelgrass (Regulation by Photosynthesis and the Response to Daily Light-Dark Cycles)

Diel variations in rates of C export, sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) activity, and C reserves were investigated in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) to elucidate the environmental regulation of sucrose formation and partitioning in this ecologically important species. Rates of C flux and SPS activity increased with leaf age, consistent with the ontogenic transition from sink to source status. Rates of C export and photosynthesis were low but quantitatively consistent with those of many terrestrial plant species. The Vmax activity of SPS approached that of maize, but substrate-limited rates were 20 to 25% of Vmax, indicating a large pool of inactive SPS. SPS was unresponsive to the day/night transition or to a 3-fold increase in photosynthesis generated by high [CO2] and showed little sensitivity to inorganic phosphate. Consequently, regulation of eelgrass SPS appeared similar to starch- rather than to sugar-accumulating species even though eelgrass accumulates sucrose. Leaf [sucrose] was constant and high throughout the diel cycle, which may contribute to the down-regulation of SPS. Root sucrose synthase activity was high but showed no response to nocturnal anoxia. Root [sucrose] also showed no diel cycle. The temporal stability of [sucrose] confers an ability for eelgrass to buffer the effects of prolonged light limitation that may be key to its survival and ecological success in environments subject to periods of extreme light limitation and chaotic daily variation in light availability.
Superfluidity of hadronic matter

The mesons in the nucleon are associated with a Bose system with an energy excitation spectrum e(p), wherep is the corresponding momentum. This spectrum can be investigated by studying the nucleon recoil in one-meson production processes. It turns out that\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{p \to 0} (\varepsilon /p) \ne 0\). This is the Landau criterion for superfluidity. Herefrom we infer that hadronic matter is superfluid. Possible manifestations of this phenomenon in strong interactions are a bootstrap relation between the masses of mesonic and baryonic resonances, the shift of the δ-resonance in nuclei, the existence of a maximum resonance mass equivalent to an ionization point and the existence of a critical temperature of hadronic matter instead of a maximum temperature.
Small-gap undulator experiment on the NSLS X-ray ring

We report results of an on-going experiment being carried out in the X13 straight section of the NSLS X-ray Ring which explores the limits of the operation of small-gap undulators. In particular, we discuss measurements of stored electron beam lifetime as a function of the vertical aperture presented by a 4-jaw scraper or a variable-aperture vacuum vessel. At an electron beam current of 300 mA the variable-aperture vacuum chamber was dosed to an inner aperture of 3.8 mm with no effect on the electron beam lifetime. Measurements of the output radiation spectrum of a 16 mm period undulator at a magnet gap of 7.5 mm are also described.
Observations on the fetal heart rate.

Abstract Observations of the fetal heart rate at various stages of gestation in normal patients are presented. The fetal heart rate is noted to vary almost constantly, and four types of heart rate change are described. The administration of oxygen or 5 per cent carbon dioxide in air to the mothers does not change the fetal heart rate pattern.
Ni-Ci oxygen evolution catalyst integrated BiVO4 photoanodes for solar induced water oxidation

A nickel-based oxygen evolution catalyst, nickel-bicarbonate (Ni-Ci), was electrochemically deposited for varying intervals on the surface of W-doped BiVO4 in a 0.1 M bicarbonate electrolyte at neutral pH conditions. Optimally deposited Ni-Ci successfully catalyzed the photoelectrochemical water oxidation of W-doped BiVO4 photoelectrodes under benign pH conditions as evidenced by an enhanced photocurrent during photocurrent–potential characterizations. Efficient charge-transfer at the electrode–electrolyte interface in the presence of the Ni-Ci catalyst improved the kinetics of the W-doped BiVO4 photoanodes. The W-doped BiVO4 photoanodes integrated with a Ni-Ci oxygen evolution catalyst exhibited a large cathodic shift (∼371 mV) in the onset potential for water oxidation and maintained a stable photocurrent.
Geographical and seasonal gradients in hatching failure in Eastern Bluebirds Sialia sialis reinforce clutch size trends

Eggs untended during the laying phase can lose viability if exposed to high temperatures, such as those common at lower latitudes and late in the nesting season. The egg-viability hypothesis states that constraints on viability during the laying phase could account for latitudinal and seasonal gradients in clutch size. We used 7 years’ worth of data collected by volunteers (The Birdhouse Network, co-ordinated by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology) to look simultaneously at populations across the temperate breeding range of Eastern Bluebirds Sialia sialis in order to test three predictions of the egg-viability hypothesis: the probability of hatching failure decreases at higher latitude and increases later in the season, and that these trends are strongest among large clutches. The overall average number of unhatched eggs relative to the total number of eggs laid was similar to that found by other studies (7.8%; range 6.8‐8.9% annually; n = 32 567 eggs from 7231 nests from 530 study sites). Using generalized linear mixed models that controlled for the non-independence of eggs within a clutch, we found that the ‘per-egg’ probability of hatching failure was highest late in the season, highest at lower latitudes, and highest for both small (three-egg) and large (six-egg) clutches. The seasonal and geographical gradients in egg hatching failure reinforce documented seasonal and geographical trends in clutch size. Loss of egg viability prior to incubation currently provides the most parsimonious and consistent explanation of the observed patterns of hatching failure. However, alternative explanations for large-scale patterns, particularly those not consistent with the egg-viability hypothesis, warrant further research into other causes of hatching failure, such as microbes and infertility (related to extra-pair mating). Our results demonstrate that investigating causes of variation in demography among local populations across a geographical gradient provides a potential means of identifying selection pressures on life-history traits. Stoleson and Beissinger (1999) hypothesized that the relationship between ambient temperature and egg viability may constrain latitudinal and seasonal trends in clutch size. As in other passerines, our study species, the Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis , generally initiates incubation with the laying of the penultimate or ultimate egg (Deeming 2002). Eggs laid first in the sequence therefore have prolonged exposure to ambient environmental conditions prior to incubation. At temperatures below physiological zero (the temperature that triggers some embryonic development), unattended eggs in the pre-incubation phase can remain viable for extended periods (Dhondt