cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Great Basin mammalian diversity through time

The Great Basin is a vast area of interior drainage including much of the expanse between the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains. The unique geomorphology of this region has resulted in high local and regional biodiversity. Today, the Great Basin is considered one of the most threatened bioregions in North America. In this Special Feature, we bring together a broad range of perspectives that highlight how Great Basin landscape dynamics from 30 million years ago to today, including modern anthropogenic impacts, have shaped mammalian diversity from individual populations and species to entire biomes.
Atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing liver transplantation-a single-center experience.

Abstract Background As the prevalence of atrial fibrillation rises with age and older patients increasingly receive transplants, the perioperative management of this common arrhythmia and its impact on outcomes in liver transplantation is of relevance. Methods Retrospective review of 757 recipients of liver transplantation from January 2002 through December 2011. Results Nineteen recipients (2.5%) had documented pre-transplantation atrial fibrillation. Sixteen patients underwent liver and 3 a combined liver-kidney transplantation. Three patients died within 30 days (84.2% 1-month survival) and another 3 within 1 year of transplantation (68.4% 1-year survival). Compared with patients without atrial fibrillation, the relative risk of death in the atrial fibrillation group was 5.29 at 1 month ( P = .0034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73–16.18) and 3.28 at 1 year ( P = .0008; 95% CI, 1.63–6.59). Time to extubation and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital readmissions were not different from the control cohort. Rapid ventricular response requiring treatment occurred in 4 patients during surgery and 7 after surgery, resulting in 3 ICU and 3 hospital readmissions. Conclusions The results suggest that patients with atrial fibrillation may be at increased risk of mortality after liver transplantation. Optimization of medical therapy may decrease ICU and hospital readmission due to rapid ventricular response.
Revision rates and cumulative financial burden in patients treated with hemiarthroplasty compared to cannulated screws after femoral neck fractures

Introduction This study compares re-operation rates and financial burden following the treatment of femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty compared to non-displaced femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated screws.
Aseptic Processing of Beef Particulates: Flavor Development/Stability and Texture

A laboratory thermal processing unit and reactor cell were adapted to aseptically process browned and unbrowned cubes from Choice an Utility Grade beef. Processing parameters of heating medium flow rate, time and temperature were established. Processed product was analyzed for changes in flavor and texture on day 0 and after 30 days refrigerated storage. Because sterility of each sample was not verified, sensory evaluation was only performed at day 0. Pre-browning improved flavor quality and did not reduce tenderness or yield. Low quality beef could be effectively utilized with proper processing parameters. Lipid oxidation and loss of sulfur compounds during storage were limiting factors in aseptically processing beef particulates.
Females Judged by Attractiveness of Partner

30 male and 30 female students rated a female photographed with either an attractive or an unattractive male on 8 bipolar adjective scales. The female was rated more positively when paired with an attractive male than when paired with an unattractive male on 6 of the 8 adjective scales. There were no significant differences between the ratings given by male and female subjects and no significant interactions.
Widely tunable 850-nm metal-filled asymmetric cladding distributed Bragg reflector lasers

Broadly tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers utilizing metal-filled surface-etched diffraction gratings were fabricated on a GaAs-unstrained quantum well with AlGaAs core and cladding layers. Devices with 200- and 400-mum gratings sections were fabricated. Single-mode devices are fabricated over a broad spectral range, exhibiting over 55 mW of single-facet output power. The optical properties of this structure are analyzed in terms of effective index step between the peak and valley of the grating and scattering loss in the DBR. Discrete devices were fabricated with lasing wavelengths between 846.6 and 862.9 nm at intervals of 1.44nm, representing a range of 16.3 nm. Wavelength tuning by current injection into the DBR section is explored, and a broad tuning range of over 18 nm is measured while single-mode performance is maintained. The spectral linewidth of these devices is measured. The temperature dependence of light versus current, threshold current values, and spectral characteristics are also examined
Immune Function in Patients Treated With Phenytoin

Multiple immunologic side effects have been ascribed to phenytoin. Numerous reports in the literature discuss the possible cellular and humoral abnormalities that appear to be present in patients given phenytoin. The most consistent finding is a reduction in serum IgA found in up to 20% of patients. To resolve some of the conflicting studies on cellular immune status, 191 patients taking phenytoin were evaluated initially with an serum IgA determination, and then further immune studies were done on the 11% with IgA values lower than two standard deviations below the mean. Data collected included total lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte population studies, and responses to in vitro mitogen stimulation. Only 2 of 191 patients had serum IgA values less than 5 mg/dL, which is an incidence not significantly different than that in the population at large. The patients with decreased serum IgA values did not have an increased incidence of autoimmune phenomena, allergic disorders, gastrointestinal manifestations, or recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Their cellular immune status showed no significant variations from control values. Thus it appears that routine monitoring of patients on phenytoin with serum IgA determinations is of limited value, and the immunologic side effects of phenytoin are not expressed as a cellular abnormality.
Kinesin has three nucleotide-dependent conformations. Implications for strain-dependent release.

Although crystallographic information is available on several nucleotide-induced states in myosin, little is known about the corresponding structural changes in kinesin, since a crystallographic model is only available for the kinesin:ADP complex. This makes it difficult to characterize at a molecular level the structural changes that occur in this motor through the course of its ATPase cycle. In this study, we report on the production of a series of single tryptophan mutants of a monomeric human kinesin motor domain, which demonstrate nucleotide-dependent changes in microtubule affinity that are similar to wild type. We have used these mutations to measure intramolecular distances in both strong and weak binding states, using florescence resonance energy transfer. This work provides direct evidence that movement of the switch II loop and helix are essential to mediate communication between the catalytic and microtubule binding sites, evidence that is supported as well by molecular modeling. Kinetic studies of fluorescent nucleotide binding to these mutants are consistent with these distance changes, and demonstrate as well that binding of ADP produces two structural transitions, neither of which are identical to that produced by the binding of ATP. This study provides a basis for understanding current structural models of the kinesin mechanochemical cycle.
Formation cross sections of various radionuclides from Ni, Fe, Si, Mg, O and C for protons of energies between 0·5 and 2·9 GeV

Abstract Formation cross sections of 56Co, 54Mn, 52Mn, 51Cr, 48Cr, 48V, 47Sc, 44mSc, 32P, 24Na, and 7Be from Fe; 56Co, 54Mn, 51Cr, 48V, 32P, 24Na and 7Be from Ni; 24Na, 22Na and 7Be from Si and Mg; and 7Be from C and O were measured for incident protons of energies 0·5, 0·8, 1·5, 2·2 and 2·9 GeV. The trends in measured cross sections were discussed. Some qualitative conclusions were drawn about the production of cosmogenic activities in meteorites.
The early history and future of the SEM

The basic principles of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were established in the 1930's and early 1940's by Knoll, and then by von Ardenne in Germany and by Zworykin, Hillier and others in America. The SEM was revived by Charles Oatley in a series of PhD projects in the Electrical Engineering Department of Cambridge University in England. The first industrial application followed from the early work of McMullan and Smith in Cambridge and was at the Pulp and Paper Institute in Canada. This was soon followed by the application of the SEM to integrated circuits at Westinghouse in America and by the availability of commercial SEMs in England and Japan. At the present time, the SEM and other microscopic and microanalytical techniques are in a worldwide state of development and are being applied in an increasing number of application areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candida kefyr, an uncommon but emerging fungal pathogen: Report of two cases

Although Candida species are present as normal microflora of the human host, alterations in host defenses can lead to development of disease. Candida infections, ranging from urinary tract infections to bloodstream infections, are common in patients in the intensive care unit. Infections with non-albicans Candida sp are becoming more frequent, and resistance among these isolates is concerning. Candida kefyr is an uncommonly documented fungal pathogen. We report two cases of infection resulting from C. kefyr in our institution. The two patients had underlying disease states and drug therapies that increased the likelihood of developing an immunocompromised state. The C. kefyr isolates obtained from both patients were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole. Both patients had resolution of infection, one after receiving treatment with amphotericin B and the other with voriconazole.
Models for the probability of concordance in cross-classification tables

For cross-classification tables having an ordinal response variable, logit and probit models are formulated for the probability that a pair of subjects is concordant. For multidimensional tables, generalized models are given for the probability that the response at one setting of explanatory variables exceeds the response at another setting. Related measures of association are discussed for two-way tables.
The Effect of Geonet Reinforcement on Bearing Capacity of Low-Compacted Soft Clay

In this paper, we studied if geonets, when used for drainage purposes, can also contribute to the bearing capacity of clay. For this purpose, extensive laboratory testing and numerical modeling were performed on various configurations to investigate the effect of geonet on the bearing capacity of low-compacted soft clay. Physical models built with four footing shapes (square, rectangular, and two circular) along with several configurations of the reinforcement layout (i.e., number, length, spacing, and depth of reinforcement layers) were tested in the laboratory. Moreover, finite element modeling was performed and the results were compared with those obtained from the laboratory tests. It was found the geonet reinforcement can improve the bearing capacity of low-compacted clay up to six times more than its natural condition. The results showed that the optimum reinforcement length for the single-layer model is 3B (where B is the width of footing) and beyond this length, no significant improvement was observed. However, for the two-layer and three-layer models, the optimum length of reinforcements was found to be 2B. To maximize the benefit of the reinforcement, it was found that the first, second, and third reinforcement layers should be placed at the depths of B/3, B/2, and B, respectively. Among different footing shapes which were tested, the square footing showed the highest bearing capacity improvement with a bearing capacity ratio of 7.6. Very good agreement was observed upon comparison of the results from the numerical modeling with the experimental tests.
Nicotinamide pharmacokinetics in patients

Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed on blood samples of 12 patients undergoing treatment with nicotinamide, hyperthermia and radiation therapy for a variety of recurrent/metastatic cancers. Escalating oral doses of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10 g of nicotinamide showed a linear relationship between maximum recorded plasma concentrations and the dose in grams (correlation coefficient, r = 0.91). Maximum plasma levels were observed by 30 min in most patients ingesting up to 6 g of nicotinamide. In marked contrast, five out of six patients ingesting 10 g of nicotinamide demonstrated increasing plasma levels at least up to 3 h post-ingestion. Doses up to 6 g were well tolerated and resulted in average maximum recorded plasma levels (mean +/- 1 SEM) of 156.4 +/- 33.6 micrograms/ml. Doses of 10 g were generally not well tolerated, but a high plasma level was maintained on average for at least 4 h. Plasma concentrations of the above order have been previously associated with maximal enhancement of radiation damage in mouse tumor models. This suggests that radiosensitization can be expected to occur in human tumors following oral administration of a safe and well tolerated dose of 6 g. However, at higher doses (i.e., 10 g), the pharmacokinetics, and perhaps radiosensitization, may differ markedly.
Supporting Home-and Community-Based Care: Views of Long-Term Care Specialists

A significant rebalancing of the long-term care system away from nursing homes toward home- and community-based services (HCBS) has occurred over the past two decades. This article reports the results of the Commonwealth Fund Long-Term Care Opinion Leader Survey (N = 1,147) on issues related to supporting HCBS. Respondents expressed strong enthusiasm for rebalancing of the long-term care system toward HCBS. In particular, respondents supported system-based approaches for this expansion, with the majority indicating that greater care coordination was the single most preferred approach for rebalancing the system, helping consumers make informed long-term care choices, and supporting caregivers. Building on the long-term care specialists' enthusiasm for system-based reforms, we encourage state policy makers to pursue HCBS models that are linked to Medicare, engage primary care physicians, and are based on rigorous evaluations.
Misorientation effects upon diffusion induced grain boundary migration in the copper-zinc system

Abstract Diffusion induced grain boundary migration has been studied as a function of misorientation. using initially symmetrical tilt grain boundaries in copper exposed to zinc vapor. The migration rate, solute penetration depth and the zinc concentration in the wake of the boundary are all strongly dependent on the grain boundary parameters. The studied processes occur at much lower rates when the diffusion direction is across rather than along the tilt axis, but the dependence upon misorientation persists. The morphology of the alloyed material also depends upon the initial grain boundary misorientation, and we present some data concerning the distribution of solute developed by the process.
Tc-99m red blood cell scintigraphy in acute intrahepatic hematoma.

A focal hot area on Tc-99m blood pool imaging of the liver is usually indicative of a cavernous hemangioma. This report illustrates the unusual finding of a neoplastic cold area with a coexisting hot area from acute intrahepatic hemorrhage
Conjugated fatty acids increase energy expenditure in part by increasing voluntary movement in mice.

Abstract Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated nonadecadienoic acid (CNA) have been previously shown to effectively reduce body fat. However, it is not clear if these effects persist with extended feeding, including potential mechanisms of increased energy expenditure. Thus the current investigation was conducted to determine the influence of dietary conjugated fatty acids on non-exercise form of voluntary movement and lipid and glucose metabolisms for 4–12 week feeding of male mice. CLA and CNA significantly reduced body weight and fat mass by increasing energy expenditure, in part by increasing voluntary movement. CLA and CNA significantly reduced serum leptin and tumour necrosis factor-α, while modulating the mRNA levels of genes associated with lipid and glucose metabolisms. The current results of increased physical activity along with modulation of lipid and glucose metabolisms by conjugated fatty acids will help contribute to future applications of these toward controlling obesity.
Comparison of the SMAC, PISO and iterative time-advancing schemes for unsteady flows

Calculations of unsteady flows using a simplified marker and cell (SMAC), a pressure implicit splitting of operators (PSIO), and an iterative time advancing scheme (ITA) are presented. A partial differential equation for incremental pressure is used in each time advancing scheme. Example flows considered are a polar cavity flow starting from rest and self-sustained oscillating flows over a circular and a square cylinder. For a large time step size, the SMAC and ITA are more strongly convergent and yield more accurate results than PSIO. The SMAC is the most efficient computationally. For a small time step size, the three time advancing schemes yield equally accurate Strouhal numbers. The capability of each time advancing scheme to accurately resolve unsteady flows is attributed to the use of new pressure correction algorithm that can strongly enforce the conservation of mass. The numerical results show that the low frequency of the vortex shedding is caused by the growth time of each vortex shed into the wake region.
Monitoring multivariate aviation safety data by data depth: control charts and threshold systems

Aviation safety analysis is increasingly needed in regulating air traffic and safety, in light of the rapid growth in air traffic density. With the recent advances in computer technology, large amounts of multivariate aviation safety data are now routinely collected in databases. Many existing analysis methods prescribed in those databases and corresponding safety indictors are based on classical statistical analysis, and their applicability are considerably restricted by the requirement of normality. An alternative nonparametric methodology based on data depth is pursued in this paper. For a given multivariate sample, a data depth can be used to measure their depth or outlyingness with respect to the underlying distribution. The measure of depth leads to a center-outward ordering of the sample points. Derived from this ordering, Liu (1995) introduced a simple, yet effective, control chart for monitoring multivariate observations. The control chart is combined here with properly chosen false alarm rates to develop meaningful threshold systems for multivariate aviation safety data for both regulating and monitoring purposes. The developed procedure is applied to the aviation inspection results collected by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspection system. The threshold system serves as a standard for evaluating the performance of aircraft operators, and provides clear guidelines for identifying unexpected performances and for assigning appropriate corrective actions.
A rule network for efficient implementation of a mixed-initiative reasoning scheme

MIDST (Mixed Inferencing Dempster Shafer Tool) is a rule-based expert system shell that incorporates mixed-initiative reasoning and uncertain reasoning based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence combination scheme. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a rule network for MIDST that facilitates an efficient implementation of the mixed-initiative reasoning scheme.
Kernel energy method: Basis functions and quantum methods†

The kernel energy method (KEM) has been illustrated with peptides and has been shown to reduce the computational difficulty associated with obtaining ab initio quality quantum chemistry results for large biological compounds. In a recent paper, the method was illustrated by application to 15 different peptides, ranging in size from 4 to 19 amino acid residues, and was found to deliver accurate Hartree–Fock (HF) molecular energies within the model, using Slater-type orbital (STO)-3G basis functions. A question arises concerning whether the results obtained from the use of KEM are wholly dependent on the STO-3G basis functions that were employed, because of their relative simplicity, in the first applications. In the present work, it is shown that the accuracy of KEM does not depend on a particular choice of basis functions. This is done by calculating the ground-state energy of a representative peptide, ADPGV7B, containing seven amino acid residues, using seven different commonly employed basis function sets, ranging in size from small to medium to large. It is shown that the accuracy of the KEM does not vary in any systematic way with the size or mathematical completeness of the basis set used, and good accuracy is maintained over the entire variety of basis sets that have been tested. Both approximate HF and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are made. We conclude that the accuracy inherent in the KEM is not dependent on a particular choice of basis functions. The first application, to 15 different peptides mentioned above, employed only HF calculations. A second question that arises is whether the results obtained with the use of KEM will be accurate only within the HF approximation. Therefore, in the present work we also study whether KEM is applicable across a variety of quantum computational methods, characterized by differing levels of accuracy. The peptide, Zaib4, containing 74 atoms, was used to calculate its energy at seven different levels of accuracy. These include the semi-empirical methods, AM1 and PM5, a DFT B3LYP model, and ab initio HF, MP2, CID, and CCSD calculations. KEM was found to be widely applicable across the spectrum of quantum methods tested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Changing Perspectives on Basic Research in Adult Learning and Memory.

It is argued that whether the course of cognitive development is charac‐erized by growth, stability, or decline is less a matter of “fact” than a matter of the metamodel on which the theories and data are based. Such metamodels are representations of reality that are not empirically testable, but which determine the basic parameters of theory and research. Three, historical shifts in basic research on adult learning and memory are reviewed. The associative approach, dominant until the late 1950s, is rooted in the mechanistic metamodel. Within this approach, learning and memory are seen as the formation and dissolution of stimulus‐response bonds. The associative approach has projected an irreversible decrement view of aging and learning/memory performance in which the principle processes are interference and decay, and the principle antecedents are biological. The information processing approach, dominant from the early 1960s until the present is rooted in the organis‐mic metamodel. Within this approach, l...
Estimation of CO2 diffusion coefficient at 0–10 cm depth in undisturbed and tilled soils

Diffusion coefficients (D) of CO2 at 0–10 cm layers in undisturbed and tilled soil conditions were estimated using the Penman (Penman HL. 1940. Gas and vapor movement in soil, 1. The diffusion of vapours through porous solids. J Agric Sci. 30:437–463), Millington–Quirk (Millington RJ, Quirk JP. 1960. Transport in porous media. In: Van Baren FA, editor. Transactions of the 7th International Congress of Soil Science. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 97–106), Ridgwell et al. (Ridgwell AJ, Marshall SJ, Gregson K. 1999. Consumption of atmospheric methane by soils: A process-based model. Global Biogeochem Cy. 13:59–70), Troeh et al. (Troeh FR, Jabro JD, Kirkham D. 1982. Gaseous diffusion equations for porous materials. Geoderma. 27:239–258) and Moldrup et al. (Moldrup P, Kruse CW, Rolston DE, Yamaguchi T. 1996. Modeling diffusion and reaction in soils: III. Predicting gas diffusivity from the Campbell soil–water retention model. Soil Sci. 161:366–375) models. Soil bulk density and volumetric soil water content (...
Control-Oriented Dynamic Models for In-Cylinder Conditions of Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engines

This paper presents control-oriented models, describing the dynamics of the in-cylinder conditions (ICCs) at intake valve closing (IVC), for multi-cylinder Diesel engines. Such models are based on multi-cylinder Diesel engines equipped with dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. As the thermodynamic boundary conditions for Diesel engine combustion, ICCs at IVC play critical roles for controlling combustion, particularly advanced combustion modes whose sensitivities to ICCs are very high. Grounded in physical principles, control-oriented ICC dynamic models were developed to describe the multi-cylinder characteristic and the coupling effects among the ICC quantities (i.e. in-cylinder gas mass, gas temperature, and oxygen fraction at IVC). The effectiveness of the developed control-oriented model was validated by comparing with a high-fidelity, 1-D computational, GT-Power engine model.© 2010 ASME
Attention Reduction and Suppressed Direct-Current Potentials in the Human Brain

Distraction suppresses direct-current potentials (contingent negative variation) recorded from the human scalp. This reduction is accompanied by retarded reaction time. Contingent negative variation and reaction time appear to reflect a common process, attention.
Direct evidence for a release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of guinea pig small intestine by substance P.

Abstract Myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle strips from guinea pig small intestine were labeled with [ 3 H]choline while under continuous field stimulation. Release of newly synthesized [ 3 H]acetylcholine was studied in the presence of substance P afterwards. Substance P evoked release of [ 3 H]acetylcholine in a dose-related fashion. Both tetrodotoxin and [ d -Pro 2 , d -Phe 7 , d -Trp 9 ]substance P, a synthetic antagonist of substance P, completely blocked this release and provided evidence for a cholinergically mediated mechanism of substance P on enteric neurons.
PERSISTENT ANTIGENIC VARIATION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUSES AFTER INCOMPLETE NEUTRALIZATION IN OVO WITH HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNE SERUM

Antigenic variants of influenza A virus strains emerge on serial passage in ovo in the presence of immune serum against different but related strains. An old laboratory strain (PR8) which had been through hundreds of animal passages was as readily modified by this procedure as recently recovered strains. Such variants apparently can be obtained at will and show antigenic patterns which are reproducible and appear to be predictable in terms of the immune serum used for their selection. Variant strains retain their new antigenic patterns on serial passage in ovo in the absence of immune serum. Limited serial passage in ovo of strains in the absence of immune serum did not result in the emergence of antigenic variants. Similarly, serial passages of strains in ovo in the presence of immune serum against widely different strains, which failed to show significant cross-neutralization, did not lead to the appearance of antigenic variants.
Defining and redirecting a school-to-prison pipeline.

The school-to-prison pipeline needs to be better defined and redirected toward greater opportunities for all youth.
Eastern Gamagrass: Determining its Role in the Feeding of Lactating Cows

Abstract Cherney, D.J.R., Salon, P.R., Thompson, D. and Cherney, J.H. 2003. Eastern gamagrass: Determining its role in the feeding of lactating cows. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 81–92. Two production trials were conducted to determine the role of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.)L.) in the feeding of lactating cows. Two trials were conducted comparing eastern gamagrass total mixed ration (TMR) with corn silage TMR. At Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, a trial was conducted with 16 lactating Holstein cows (165.2±8.7 days in milk) milked three times daily. Twenty lactating Holstein cows milked twice daily were used at State University of New York (SUNY) Cobleskill. The Cornell University (CU) trial was a continuous trial with production parameters of the previous week used as a covariate. The SUNY Co leskill trial was a switchback design with 28d periods. Dry matter intake and milk production did not differ between the diets in either trial. Milk area nitrogen (MUN) was higher in the corn silage TMR ...
PROGNOSIS FOR THE NEWBORN WITH TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES

To determine the prognosis for the newborn with transposition of the great arteries, the clinical course of 112 consecutive neonates with dextrotransposition was reviewed. Patients were managed with balloon atrial septostomy at initial cardiac catheterization, palliative operation if needed in the 1st year of life and Mustard's intraatrial baffle repair. The 1st month of life was the period of greatest risk (8 percent mortality rate). Between balloon septostomy and baffle repair, 14 of 103 patients at risk (14 percent) either died or had a cerebrovascular accident. The mortality rate at baffle repair was 14 percent (10 deaths in 71 patients), and there were 3 late postoperative deaths. Actuarial analysis of the data indicates that with this plan of management, approximately 50 percent of newborns with transposition of the great arteries will survive 5 years with excellent function and an additional 15 to 20 percent will survive with one or more medical handicaps.
D.s.c. study of miscibility of polystyrene and poly(α-methylstyrene)

Abstract The miscibility behaviour of blends of polystyrene and poly(α-methylstyrene) was studied by means of the differential scanning calorimetry. Three pairs of samples differing in their molecular weights were utilized, of which pair no. 2 had been previously investigated by means of light scattering (cloud points measurement). It is demonstrated that the onset of phase separation can be detected by noting any shift in the beginning and ending temperature of the glass transition region. By means of this technique, the phase diagram of one of the blends was determined and was found to agree well with the binodal curve calculated on the basis of the light scattering results. Some preliminary results obtained on the kinetics of phase separation show that even at temperatures only 30° above the glass transition temperature, a substantial phase separation occurs in less than a minute.
Effect of Potassium on Conduction and Ectopic Rhythms in Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Digitalis

Intravenous administration of potassium to patients with atrial fibrillation treated with digitalis resulted in depression of conduction through the A-V node, appearance of complete A-V dissociation and in some abolition of ventricular ectopic beats. The presence or absence of ectopic ventricular beats as well as the degree of depression of A-V node could be controlled at will by varying the rate of infusion. Termination of infusion was paralleled by prompt reappearance of all arrhythmias present before infusion started.
Trithorax, Hox, and TALE-class homeodomain proteins ensure cell survival through repression of the BH3-only gene egl-1

Mutations that aberrantly activate trithorax-group proteins, Hox transcription factors and TALE-class Hox cofactors promote leukemogenesis, but their target genes critical for leukemogenesis remain largely unknown. Through genetic analyses in C. elegans, we find that the trithorax-group gene lin-59 and the TALE-class Hox cofactor unc-62 are required for survival of the VC motor neurons. With the goal of providing a model for how aberrantly active Hox complexes might promote leukemia, we elucidate the mechanism through which these new inhibitors of programmed cell death act: lin-59 maintains transcription of the Hox gene lin-39, while unc-62 promotes nuclear localization of the TALE-class Hox cofactor ceh-20. A LIN-39/CEH-20 complex binds the promoter of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only gene egl-1, repressing its transcription and ensuring survival of the VC neurons. In the absence of this regulatory mechanism, egl-1 is transcribed and the VC neurons die. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the Hox gene lin-39, as occurs for human Hox genes in leukemia, is sufficient to block death of some cells. This work identifies BH3-only pro-apoptotic genes as targets of Hox-mediated repression and suggests that aberrant activation of Hox networks may promote leukemia in part by inhibiting apoptosis.
Ultrastructural study of unencapsulated vertebrate mechanoreceptor terminals facilitated by double staining and resectioning of thick plastic sections

Abstract A set of techniques for localization of unencapsulated sensory receptor terminals in plastic-embedded tissue is described. The tissue is pinned flat in fixative and flat-embedded in a small amount of medium-soft Epon. Pieces of the specimen are remounted so that tangential thick sections (2–3 μm) can be cut. These sections are stained with a mixture of 15 ml of 0.5% toluidine blue, 1% sodium borate; 10 ml of 2% p -phenylenediamine, and 5 ml of acetone. Stained sections are examined with a light microscope and brown-stained sensory receptor regions are located. Sections to be examined in the electron microscope are remounted by inverting a capsule of medium-hard Epon over them, and polymerized blocks are removed from the slide after heating it. Thin sections cut from remounted thick sections are stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. This procedure has been used successfully to locate aortic baroreceptors and very small apparent nerve endings in the atrium of the rat as well as stretch receptors in dog trachealis muscle. All of these receptor endings stain brown and are surrounded by light blue collagen and darker blue Schwann cells.
Hall Viscosity and Electromagnetic Response

We show that, for Galilean invariant quantum Hall states, the Hall viscosity appears in the electromagnetic response at finite wave numbers $q$. In particular, the leading $q$ dependence of the Hall conductivity at small $q$ receives a contribution from the Hall viscosity. The coefficient of the ${q}^{2}$ term in the Hall conductivity is universal in the limit of strong magnetic field.
Projection Versus Prewhitening for EEG Interference Suppression

Suppression of strong, spatially correlated background interference is a challenge associated with electroencephalography (EEG) source localization problems. The most common way of dealing with such interference is through the use of a prewhitening transformation based on an estimate of the covariance of the interference plus noise. This approach is based on strong assumptions regarding temporal stationarity of the data, which do not commonly hold in EEG applications. In addition, prewhitening cannot typically be implemented directly due to ill conditioning of the covariance matrix, and ad hoc regularization is often necessary. Using both simulation examples and experiments involving real EEG data with auditory evoked responses, we demonstrate that a straightforward interference projection method is significantly more robust than prewhitening for EEG source localization.
Community Connections to Enhance Undergraduate International Business Education: An Example of Business Consulting Projects

Practical project experience as a means of augmenting traditional classroom learning has long been viewed as a value adding curricular exercise. While students participating in the projects gain valuable skills that will enhance their personal marketability, successful projects also benefit the client companies involved and help enhance the image of the university. Substantial effort goes into planning and implementing such an experience and involves extensive coordination with multiple constituents. This article details how a project-based capstone experience was developed in partnership with the local business community and the College's Center for International Business as part of the degree requirements for a relatively new Bachelor of Science in International Business program.
Search for new particles or gauge bosons decaying into dileptons/dijets at the Tevatron

The existence of new particles decaying in a jet or lepton pair is probed with the Run II data collected by the Tevatron ${\rm{p}}\bar{\rm{p}}$ collider at $\sqrt{s}\!=\!1.96\,{\rm{TeV}}$ . Searches performed on both jet and lepton data collected by the CDF and DO detectors do not show signs of any new resonance within the considered mass range. The sensitivity achieved by these searches leads to 95% C.L. limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio for axigluons, flavour universal colorons, excited quarks, colour octet techni-ρ, E6 diquarks, new gauge bosons and Randall-Sundrum gravitons. Excluded mass regions for these models are also computed. PACS 13.85.Rm Limits – 14.80.-j Other gauge bosons – 14.70.Pw Other particles – 12.60.-i Models
Effects of a Televised Two-City Safer Sex Mass Media Campaign Targeting High-Sensation-Seeking and Impulsive-Decision-Making Young Adults

This study evaluates the ability of a safer sex televised public service announcement (PSA) campaign to increase safer sexual behavior among at-risk young adults. Independent, monthly random samples of 100 individuals were surveyed in each city for 21 months as part of an interrupted-time-series design with a control community. The 3-month high-audience-saturation campaign took place in Lexington, KY, with Knoxville, TN, as a comparison city. Messages were especially designed and selected for the target audience (those above the median on a composite sensation-seeking/impulsive-decision-making scale). Data indicate high campaign exposure among the target audience, with 85%-96% reporting viewing one or more PSAs. Analyses indicate significant 5-month increases in condom use, condom-use self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions among the target group in the campaign city with no changes in the comparison city. The results suggest that a carefully targeted, intensive mass media campaign using televised PSAs can change safer sexual behaviors.
Shelf-life and mechanisms of destabilization in dilute beverage emulsions

Mechanisms of destabilization and kinetic parameters of shelf-life in dilute beverage emulsions were investigated at six different temperatures. Close fit of the Arrhenius equation to emulsion breakage time indicated the occurrence of similar mechanisms throughout the temperature range and validated accelerated shelf-life tests at higher temperatures. Creaming increased by a factor of 10 between the lowest (4 °C) and highest (55 °C) temperatures. Ostwald ripening was highly significant and more important than coalescence in influencing emulsion stability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Critical Pedagogy of Ineffability: Identity, education and the secret life of whatever

AbstractIn this article I bring Giorgio Agamben’s notion of ‘whatever singularity’ into critical pedagogy. I take as my starting point the role of identity within critical pedagogy. I call upon Butler to sketch the debates around the mobilization of identity for political purposes and, conceding the contingent necessity of identity, then suggest that whatever singularity can be helpful in moving critical pedagogy from an emancipatory to a liberatory project (a distinction I take from Marx). To articulate whatever singularity I situate the concept within the work in which it appears, and then take a detour into Agamben’s general philosophical project. I propose that, for critical pedagogy to take whatever singularity seriously, it must uphold a respect for the ineffability of being, which entails in part the suspension of dialogue. To help flesh out what I mean by this proposal, I turn to a fragment of Lyotard’s philosophy and his critique of democracy. I conclude by addressing a pressing ontological criti...
Editorial: Neurologic pharmacists

We call ourselves the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists, but how many of us have the training or clinical experience to say we are truly experts in neurology? I definitely treat patients with neurologic issues, but my primary area of expertise is in treating psychiatric illnesses. I think this may be true for many of our members, which is why this issue of the MHC focuses on neurologic disease states. In order to increase our knowledge of Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and restless leg syndrome (RLS), I reached out to experts within CPNP, in addition to non-members, to educate us on those various disease states.
A chimeric protein comprised of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein D and bovine interleukin-6 is secreted by yeast and possesses biological activities of both molecules.

Abstract Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) engenders mucosal and systemic immunity and protects cattle from viral infection. Chimerization of cytokines with gD is being explored to confer intrinsic adjuvanticity on gD. Addition of the appropriate cytokine may convert gD into an antigen that specifically engenders protective mucosal immunity. Here DNA coding for the mature bovine interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein was fused through a synthetic glycine linker to the 3′ end of DNA coding for the mature BHV-1 gD (tgD) external domain. It was cloned behind the yeast alpha prepro signal sequence and transfected into Pichia pastoris which secreted the chimeric protein (tgD-IL-6) as a 100 kDa molecule. This chimera combined the immunogenic properties of native gD and the in vitro biological activity of bovine IL-6 based on the following observations. A panel of BHV-1 gD-specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing five neutralizing epitopes on native gD reacted with tgD-IL-6. Sera from yeast tgD-IL-6-immunized mice neutralized BHV-1 infection in vitro . The chimeric protein enhanced total bovine immunoglobulin production 16-fold above tgD alone in pokeweed-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P
Scanning electron microscope-based stereo analysis

In this paper we present a novel technique to analyze stereo images generated from a SEM. The two main features of this technique are that it uses a binary linear programming approach to set up and solve the correspondence problem and that it uses constraints based on the physics of SEM image formation. Binary linear programming is a powerful tool with which to tackle constrained optimization problems, especially in cases that involve matching between one data set and another. We have also analyzed the process of SEM image formation, and present constraints that are useful in solving the stereo correspondence problem. This technique has been tested on many images. Results for a few wafers are included here.
Influence of a passive sonic irrigation system on the elimination of bacteria from root canal systems: a clinical study.

Abstract Introduction The present investigation evaluated the ability of a new passive sonic irrigation (sonic group) system (EndoActivator) to eliminate cultivable bacteria from root canals in vivo and compared it with that of standard syringe irrigation (control group). Methods Data were obtained by using bacteriologic sampling of root canals treated by endodontic residents. Sampling results from 1 session of treatment were then compared with results obtained after intervisit calcium hydroxide disinfection and a second session of treatment. Results There was no significant difference in the ability of sonic group and control group to eliminate cultivable bacteria from root canals ( P > .05). A second session and intervisit calcium hydroxide disinfection were able to eliminate cultivable bacteria from significantly more teeth than a single session of treatment ( P Conclusions These in vivo results strengthen the case for a multi-visit approach to the treatment of apical periodontitis.
Feasibility of recruiting peer educators for an online social networking-based health intervention

Objective:This study aims to determine the feasibility of recruiting peer leaders to deliver a community-based health intervention using social media.Method:We recruited 16 African American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) as peer leaders for either an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention or general health intervention using social media. Inclusion criteria required that peer leaders were African American or Latino MSM health communication experts experienced using social media. To receive certification, peer leaders attended three training sessions on using social media for public health. Questionnaires asking about health knowledge and comfort using social media to discuss health-related topics were provided at baseline and post-training to ensure that peer leaders were qualified post-training. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) models and χ2 tests tested for differences in peer leader knowledge and comfort using social media pre- and post-training.Results:After training, ...
Performance evaluation of L-pulse-position modulation on non-directed indoor infrared channels

We examine the performance of high-speed non-directed infrared links using L-pulse-position modulation (L-PPM). When used with intensity modulation and direct detection, L-PPM leads to high average-power efficiency, because of its high peak-to-average power ratio. We derive an expression for the BER of an L-PPM link on an ISI channel. Using the measured characteristics of multipath indoor infrared channels, we calculate BER curves and ISI power penalties for 2-, 4-, 8- and 16-PPM links operating at 10 and 30 Mb/s. Our results indicate that L-PPM is a very promising modulation technique for high-speed non-directed infrared communication. >
Methods for the measurement of infiltration

The measurement of infiltration has, in recent years, assumed increasing importance as a means of estimating the relative absorptive capacities of soils under different vegetal types or kinds of land-use. The utility of infiltration-criteria rests partly on the assumption that surface-runoff in any appreciable volume is deleterious and that it results in movement of soil and in excessive peak-rates of stream-flow. Based on this assumption, a land-use providing maximum infiltration-capacities may be considered optimum for retention and storage of precipitation. In hydrologic investigations, too, a knowledge of relative infiltration-indices may assist greatly in the synthesis of hydrographs, or in the estimation of expected rates of flood-flow in streams. In watershed-management studies. Infiltration-indices obtained for soils under several types of plant-cover and land-use are helpful in providing a basis for judgment as to optimum watershed-conditions for water-yield and erosion-control.
Amnesic H. M. exhibits parallel deficits and sparing in language and memory: Systems versus binding theory accounts.

This study examines sentence-level language abilities of amnesic H.M. to test competing theoretical conceptions of relations between language and memory. We present 11 new sources of experimental evidence indicating deficits in H.M's comprehension and production of non-cliche sentences. Contrary to recent claims that H.M.'s comprehension is unimpaired at grammatical levels, H.M. performed 2–6 standard deviations worse than controls matched for age, IQ and education in seven tasks: detecting grammatical errors, repairing sentences identified as containing an error, answering questions about who did what to whom in sentences, multiple-choice recognition of possible versus impossible interpretations of sentences containing ambiguities and figurative speech, discrimination between grammatical versus ungrammatical sentences, and describing the meanings of ambiguous sentences, phrases, and words. However, H.M.'s deficits were selective, e.g., sparing comprehension of familiar but not unfamiliar phrases. Paralle...