cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Popliteal artery aneurysm treated with implantation of a covered stent graft (fluency®) reinforced with a nitinol stent (S.M.A.R.T. ®)

A 60-year-old man was admitted for right knee pain provoked by an enlarging popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) after endovascular therapy for thromboembolism in the right popliteal artery. The PAA was treated with implantation of a covered stent graft (Fluency®); however, acute thromboembolism occurred 6 months after the intervention. Therefore, we implanted a nitinol stent (S.M.A.R.T.®) in the proximal part of the covered stent where the major hinge point existed in addition to a stent fracture. No vascular event occurred during 4.5 years of follow-up.
EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON STEROID-C14 METABOLISM IN THE RAT.

SummaryTissue cholesterol concentrations, sterol-C14 elimination rates, and fecal steroid-C14 time-patterns were determined in intact and hypophysectomized rats. Tissue cholesterol was slightly elevated in the hypophysectomized animals. The rate of tissue sterol-C14 elimination was greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomized rats excreted fecal steroid-C14 at one-half the rate of normal animals, with the greater reduction in the bile-acid-C14 fraction. The incorporation of mevalonic acid-2-C14 into tissue cholesterol at the end of one hour was about the same in both groups.
Treatment Completion in a Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Service for Problem Gamblers: Clinical Outcome Study

Increased access to gambling is proving to be a great burden on the individuals who partake, their families and society in general. Despite growing evidence for the use of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) with problem gamblers, important questions remain unanswered regarding those individuals who do not respond to CBT. This paper compares gamblers who are considered 1) treatment completers, 2) drop-out following an initial assessment and, 3) drop-out after commencing treatment from a specialized CBT service. The results indicate a number of differences between the groups in regard to gambling severity and behaviour, demographic profile and variations in overall psychopathology.
A survey of residency program directors in anesthesiology regarding mentorship of residents

Abstract Introduction Mentorship of residents has been extensively studied within many academic specialties, but not anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of formal mentorship programs among anesthesia residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in the United States by surveying residency directors. The secondary goals of the study are to describe the programs that exist and identify areas that residency directors think should be the focus of mentoring. Methods Our survey was designed based on previous surveys administered to residency program directors from other specialties. After determination of exempt status by our institutional review board, the survey was administered via e-mail to program directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited anesthesiology residencies. Results Response rate was 34% (45/131). The sample consisted of mainly university-based programs (93%). Most (88%) had a mentorship program in place. There was little consistency between methods of forming faculty-resident mentor pairs. Most mentors (84%) and mentees (79%) did not evaluate their programs. Nearly all program directors agree that mentorship is an important tool for resident development (90.6%) and that it is important to have a mentor during training (90.6%). Program directors identified the areas of career planning, professionalism, and achieving a balance between personal, career, and family demands to be the most valuable subjects to address in a mentoring relationship. Conclusion Anesthesiology is currently underrepresented in the trainee mentoring literature. There is significant support for mentorship during resident training; however, the low rates of training for faculty and minimal evaluation by residents and faculty raise the question as to the efficacy of the existing programs. There is a need for more investigation of anesthesia residents' goals and perceptions of mentorship, and a more detailed evaluation of existing mentorship programs to determine the ideal structure of a mentoring program.
Genetic factors in traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Outcome after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be quite variable and unpredictable. This suggests factors other than injury severity play important roles in outcome. Host genotype might be one such factor. This chapter reviews key concepts important to understanding genetic influences on the response to and recovery from TBI. As an organizing framework, four broad contexts in which individual differences could play an important role in outcome after trauma are presented: (1) genes that may modulate injury extent and serve to augment or dampen the impact of a given “dose” of neurotrauma, (2) genes that may play a role in repair and recovery from injury and thus impact the trajectory of recovery and ultimate functional outcome, (3) genes modulating preinjury traits (e.g., resilience), or cognition (cognitive reserve), (4) interactions between genetic vulnerabilities to neurobehavioral disorders and neurotrauma (i.e., role of comorbidities). Each of these four broad categories involve multiple components and thus are under complex polygenic control suggesting that functional outcome following TBI is best viewed as a complex polygenic phenotype. Although the individual contribution of a given allele might be small, the effects of multiple alleles could be quite significant.
The Effects of Perceived Ambient Temperature on Food Choices and Consumption Behavior

While eating at restaurants, retail outlets, or at home, ambient temperature is an omnipresent feature. In this research, we examine whether varying ambient temperature in restaurant, retail, or home environments might influence food choices and consumption behavior.
Impact of Income Inequality on the Nation's Health

Background Income inequality in the United States has been increasing in recent decades. It is unclear whether income inequality has an independent effect on health outcomes, or whether it simply correlates with increasing levels of poverty. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether income inequality is significantly associated with US county health care expenditures and health care use. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of county health expenditure data from the Health Resources and Services Administration's Area Resources File, county income inequality measures (Gini coefficient) from the Census' American Community Survey, and estimates of potentially preventable admissions and potentially discretionary procedures from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1998 to 2011). Datasets were linked via county Federal Information Processing Standard codes. Multivariable linear and Poisson regression analyses were performed at the county level adjusting for county characteristics. Results A total of 1,237 counties (of 3,144) were included. Income inequality was associated with higher health care expenditures, with each 1 percentage-point increase in county Gini coefficient associated with a US$40,008 increase in annual county Medicare cost (p = 0.003), and an increase of 174.7 total county Medicare inpatient days per year (p Conclusions Income inequality is independently associated with higher health care expenditures and more health care use, with increases in both potentially discretionary procedures and in potentially preventable admissions.
Neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress in additively manufactured stainless steel

Abstract Charpy test specimens were additively manufactured (AM) on a single stainless steel plate from a 17–4 class stainless steel using a powder-bed, laser melting technique on an EOS M280 direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) machine. Cross-hatched mesh support structures for the Charpy test specimens were varied in strut width and density to parametrically study their influence on the build stability and accuracy as the DMLS process has been known to generate parts with large amounts of residual stress. Neutron diffraction was used to profile the residual stresses in several of the AM samples before and after the samples were removed from the support structure for the purpose of determining residual stresses. The residual stresses were found to depend very little on the properties of the support structure over the limited range studied here. The largest stress component was in the long direction of each of the samples studied and was roughly 2/3 of the yield stress of the material. The stress field was altered considerably when the specimen was removed from the support structure. It was noted in this study that a single Charpy specimen developed a significant tear between the growth plate and support structure. The presence of the tear in the support structure strongly affected the observed stress field: the asymmetric tear resulted in a significantly asymmetric stress field that propagated through removal of the sample from the base plate. The altered final residual stress state of the sample as well as its observed final shape indicates that the tear initiated during the build and developed without disrupting the fabrication process, suggesting a need for in-situ monitoring.
Interaction between excess folate and low vitamin B12 status

Current epidemiological evidence suggests that an imbalance of high folate status and low vitamin B12 status is associated with negative health outcomes in older adults and children. Such an imbalance during pregnancy also predisposes women to diabetes and their offspring to insulin resistance and adiposity and low birthweight. In older adults, vitamin B12 status can remain low despite adequate intake due to age-related decline in vitamin B12 absorption. Pregnant women are exposed to folic acid at varying doses depending on the prenatal care prescribed in different countries. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interaction between folate and vitamin B12 and the associated health outcomes.
Phenomenological Expressions for the Composition Dependence of Interatomic Spacings and Force Constants in Binary Alloys

Phenomenological equations have been used successfully to describe the composition dependence of some important physical properties, such as the lattice parameters and elastic constants, of single phase alloys. In these treatments there appear parameters which are interpreted as physical constants but which generally must be determined by experimental measurements on the composition dependence of the properties being investigated. Such a purely phenomenological approach, while providing a useful framework for applications of the properties, offers no mechanism for the a priori calculation of parameters interpreted as fundamental physical constants. Quantum mechanical models can be employed to calculate the composition dependence of many properties of alloys from first principles. Comparing the results of these calculations with appropriate phenomenological descriptions of experimental data provides a means of interpreting material parameters appearing in phenomenological equations in terms of these more fundamental calculations.
Pain: Acute and Chronic

The influence of brain imaging, primarily human brain imaging on the science of pain mechanisms, is discussed. Early studies emphasized the presence of a cortical signal associated with perception of pain, and extensive literature examined regional activity properties in the hope of identifying functional specializations for theoretical components that comprise pain. Recently, more sophisticated studies challenge these localizationist ideas. Another important advancement has been the incorporation of the clinical pain patient, especially those with chronic pain, into the studies of brain properties. This line of work has generated exciting new mechanistic ideas that promise to directly impact clinical practice.
The Ureteral Response to Bladder Filling

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the ureteral response to bladder filling. The pressure in bladder pressure is raised before and during micturition, the ureteral frequency increased and following micturition became readjusted to a normal rate or had a compensatory slowing. When the bladder pressure reaches the point at which the forces required to move urine through the ureterovesical orifice are great, the ureter appears to overcome this in two ways. The first is increased peristaltic frequency resulting from the stretch effect on the ureter from the collection of urine within the lumen. The second means of overcoming high vesical pressure is by summating contractions to create a greater force with a longer duration. This was evident in the dog experiments described in the chapter in which occasionally two or more closely spaced action potentials produced a summated muscular response of long duration.
Different Accessories, Main Applications and Handling Techniques

With the advent of the commercial FT-IR instruments, and computer techniques, it is now possible to record the infrared spectrum of almost any material regardless of its shape or form. A number of different sampling accessories are available for recording the infrared spectra. Some of these accessories such as ATR and specular reflectance have been used successfully with dispersive instruments, but the FT-IR instruments allow these accessories to be used more rapidly and with greater sensitivity. Most of the sample handling techniques have been reviewed in detail in the series of volumes on “Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy” edited by J.R. Ferraro and J.R. Basile (1). In this paper, some of these techniques will be reviewed with particular emphasis on reflectance techniques (ATR and diffuse) and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Further applications such as far-IR, diamond cell, the absorption subtraction methodology can be found in the article by Krishnan and Ferraro (2). Unless otherwise mentioned, all of the spectra shown in this paper were recorded using the Digilab FTS-IR instruments.
#NoBanNoWall: Borderlands Testimonios of a Chicano and a Falestinia for an education of love

In a trumping era, White nationalism has taken center political stage in the White House and Congressional leadership, infiltrating hatred and fear in community and school spaces. Thus, there is a ...
Gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms: A complication of pancreatitis causing spontaneous gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Aneurysmal degeneration of gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal arteries due to acute and chronic forms of pancreatitis is uncommon. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to these vascular lesions has been recognized in only 23 patients. Eight of these patients, including five with gastroduodenal and three with pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms, have been encountered at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Selective mesenteric arteriography provided the greatest diagnostic specificity. Computerized axial tomography was of discriminate diagnostic value in two patients. Seven of eight patients underwent surgical therapy: transcystic arterial ligation and external pancreatic pseudocyst drainage (four), arterial ligation with abscess drainage (two), and pancreaticoduodenectomy (one). Three patients died after operation from intraabdominal sepsis as well as delayed arterial hemorrhage. Earlier operative intervention, dictated by the patient's clinical status and relevant anatomic findings, may improve survival rates in this complex disease state.
Urinary Incontinence in a National Cohort of Older Women: Implications for Caregiving and Care Dependence.

Abstract Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) can interfere with older women's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), but little is known about factors that predispose incontinent w...
Bootstrap finance: the art of start-ups.

Entrepreneurship is more popular than ever: courses are full, policymakers emphasize new ventures, managers yearn to go off on their own. Would-be founders often misplace their energies, however. Believing in a "big money" model of entrepreneurship, they spend a lot of time trying to attract investors instead of using wits and hustle to get their ideas off the ground. A study of 100 of the 1989 Inc. "500" list of fastest growing U.S. start-ups attests to the value of bootstrapping. In fact, what it takes to start a business often conflicts with what venture capitalists require. Investors prefer solid plans, well-defined markets, and track records. Entrepreneurs are heavy on energy and enthusiasm but may be short on credentials. They thrive in rapidly changing environments where uncertain prospects may scare off established companies. Rolling with the punches is often more important than formal plans. Striving to adhere to investors' criteria can diminish the flexibility--the try-it, fix-it approach--an entrepreneur needs to make a new venture work. Seven principles are basic for successful start-ups: get operational fast; look for quick break-even, cash-generating projects; offer high-value products or services that can sustain direct personal selling; don't try to hire the crack team; keep growth in check; focus on cash; and cultivate banks early. Growth and change are the start-up's natural environment. But change is also the reward for success: just as ventures grow, their founders usually have to take a fresh look at everything again: roles, organization, even the very policies that got the business up and running.
Integrating Computational Thinking in School Curriculum

Computational thinking (CT) has received significant and growing attention from the computing industry, politicians, and STEM researchers and educators alike across the globe. The motivation to integrate CT into science and mathematics curriculum comes from the fact that computing concepts and practices have become an integral part of the work that professional scientists, mathematicians, and engineers do and is a necessary skill desired by twenty-first century economies. If implemented effectively, CT has the potential to significantly advance students’ problem-solving and analytical thinking skills and data analysis and modeling skills. Despite increasing interest in CT and the potential academic benefits of integration for students, integration of CT into school science and mathematics has proved to be problematic for schools and educators. The first section of this chapter provides an overview of developments that gave rise to the integration of computational thinking into K-12 education, an in-depth discussion of computational thinking, and its connection with professional science and mathematical practices. The second section of this chapter focuses on current issues around integration of CT into school curricula. These issues include curriculum, teacher education, and equity in computer science education. Then, we move into discussing the challenges STEM educators face in integrating CT into school curriculum and potential strategies to address these challenges. We then move onto discussing the place of CT in STEM curriculum and challenges of teaching CT in schools. Finally, we review programs designed to integrate CT into STEM curriculum. Next, we discuss and expand on pedagogy of CT and future directions by drawing from relevant literature. Finally, we discuss potential challenges for STEM education community and opportunities that we need to tap on.
Statistical Verification of PCTL Using Stratified Samples

Abstract In this work, we propose a stratified sampling method to statistically check Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) formulas on discrete-time Markov chains with sequential probability ratio test. Distinct from previous statistical verification methods using independent Monte Carlo sampling, our algorithm uses stratified samples that are negatively correlated, thus give lower variance. The experiments demonstrate that the new algorithm uses a smaller number of samples for a given confidence level on several benchmark examples.
Decoupling Screen Size and Gesture Size for Wrist Worn Devices

Touch gestures on the screen of a wrist worn device are constrained by the size of the screen. Decoupling the gesture size from the screen size allows for larger gestures on smaller devices. Other approaches to decoupling screen size from gesture size on wrist worn devices support only a small set of gestures. We decouple screen size from gesture size by using an optical flow sensor. The user generates gestures by moving a finger over the optical flow sensor. Gestures can feasibly be detected through a small round window with a diameter of 3 mm. This window “dot” could be embedded in small wrist worn devices. A random forest trained on the EdgeWrite alphabet achieved 93% accuracy on 27 gestures generated using the optical flow sensor. We discuss the motivation for such a system and prove its feasibility using a prototype, noting that additional engineering work is needed to produce a small wrist-worn device based on a small optical flow sensor package.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Conservation Voltage Reduction Incorporated in Open Modeling Framework

Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is a well-tested technique for lowering energy consumption and reducing peak demand; however, planning the deployment of CVR is a time-consuming practice. In this work, we present a fast, highly automated process for cost-benefit analysis of CVR opportunities. Specifically, we present models that enable a utility to: (i) visualize feeders based on their suitability for CVR implementation, (ii) perform a detailed cash flow analysis of their return on investment from CVR for a particular feeder, and (iii) predict whether the end-of-line voltage on the feeder will stay within the permissible ANSI slandered band under expected load conditions. Results presented are from a distribution feeder at a Midwestern rural electric cooperative. The model is incorporated in the Open Modeling Framework (OMF), a modeling platform developed by National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. It provides capabilities for data conversion, model execution, visualization and collaboration via a web interface. Models built on this platform aim to solve engineering planning and cost-benefit analysis for emerging and hard-to-monetize distribution technologies such as CVR, distributed generation, energy storage, and demand response. One of the solvers that OMF integrates is GridLAB-D™, a software package that can perform powerflow solutions for distribution utility feeders with the capability of modeling a large variety of equipment not typically found in commercial engineering analysis tools. This paper provides an overview of the OMF platform and its efficacy in solving problems associated with planning CVR implementation.
Validation and reliability of a disease-specific quality-of-life measure in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Background Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a potentially disfiguring, chronic autoimmune disease with variable skin manifestations, negatively affecting patients' quality of life (QoL). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures assessing QoL in patients with CLE have been generic or developed without input from patients. Objectives To demonstrate the reliability and validity of a disease-specific QoL measure for CLE - the cutaneous lupus erythematosus quality of life (CLEQoL). Methods One hundred and one patients with CLE were recruited, and each patient was asked to complete the CLEQoL. Internal consistency was used as a measure of reliability. Validity was measured in two ways - structural validity via exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity via Spearman correlations between CLEQoL and the Short Form 36 (SF-36), visual analogue scales and clinical variables. Patient demographic and disease characteristics were collected. Results The mean ± SD age of patients with CLE was 48 ± 13 years, with discoid lupus (n = 72; 71.3%) being the most predominant CLE subtype. Patients were mostly female (n = 88; 87·1%) and African American/Black (n = 59; 58·4%). Internal consistency ranged from 0·67 to 0·97. Five domains (functioning, emotions, symptoms, body image/cosmetic effects and photosensitivity) were extracted with a total explained variance of 71·1%. CLEQoL-related domains correlated with SF-36 domains (r range -0·39 to -0·65). Conclusions The CLEQoL was found to be a valid and reliable PRO measure for assessing QoL in patients with CLE. Demonstrating that the CLEQoL has strong psychometric properties is an important step towards the development of a disease-specific PRO measure that future clinical trials can use.
A Review of Corneal Endotheliitis and Endotheliopathy: Differential Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment

The corneal endothelium plays an integral role in regulating corneal hydration and clarity. Endotheliitis, defined as inflammation of the corneal endothelium, may disrupt endothelial function and cause subsequent visual changes. Corneal endotheliitis is characterized by corneal edema, the presence of keratic precipitates, anterior chamber inflammation, and occasionally limbal injection, neovascularization, and co-existing or superimposed uveitis. The disorder is classified into four subgroups: linear, sectoral, disciform, and diffuse. Its etiology is extensive and, although commonly viral, may be medication-related, procedural, fungal, zoological, environmental, or systemic. Not all cases of endothelial dysfunction leading to corneal edema are inflammatory in nature. Therefore, it is imperative that practitioners consider a broad differential for patients presenting with possible endotheliitis, as well as familiarize themselves with appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Randomized controlled trial to improve primary care follow-up among emergency department patients.

Abstract Study objective Primary care (PC) follow-up for discharged emergency department (ED) patients provides patients with further medical attention. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to determine whether using a freely-available physician appointment-booking website results in higher self-reported PC follow-up. Methods We randomized discharged patients whom treating physicians determined PC follow-up was important and who possessed health insurance but had no PC provider to one of three groups: (1) a PC appointment booked through the booking website prior to ED discharge; (2) written information on how to use the booking website; or (3) usual care (i.e. standard follow-up instructions). We phoned subjects two weeks after the ED visit to determine whether they had completed a PC follow-up visit. We also asked subjects about their satisfaction with obtaining a PC appointment, satisfaction with the ED visit, symptom resolution and subsequent ED visits. The self-reported PCP follow-up rate was compared among the study groups by estimating the risk difference (RD) and 95% CI between usual care and each intervention group. Results 272 subjects were enrolled and randomized and 68% completed the two-week telephone follow-up interview. The self-reported PCP follow-up rate was higher (52%) among subjects whose appointment was booked on the website before ED discharge (RD = 16%; 95% CI -1%, 34%) and lower (25%) for subjects who received booking website information (RD = 13%; 95% CI -32%, 7%) compared to subjects (36%) in the usual care group. A higher percentage of subjects in the booking group were more likely to report being extremely or very satisfied with obtaining a PC appointment (78%) compared to those who received booking website information (54%) or usual care (40%). Conclusion Among ED patients that providers judged PC follow-up is important, using a booking website to schedule an appointment before ED discharge resulted in a higher but not statistically significant self-reported PC follow-up rate. This intervention warrants further investigation in a study with a larger sample size and objective follow-up visit data.
Mechanical design and 3D printing process of an exoskeleton used for elbow joint rehabilitation

This paper presents the design and 3D printing process of the components which form an exoskeleton robot used in elbow joint rehabilitation. In the first part of the paper are presented a series of exoskeleton models used to rehabilitate the upper limb (4 DOF and 7 DOF). The second part is entirely dedicated to the mechanical design process of the components which form the device. In the last part of the paper are presented a series of aspects related to the physical achievement of the device using rapid prototyping technology (3D printers, filaments of material, execution time, assembly of components etc.). In this case was chosen the natural PVA filament from Ultimaker that dissolves in water. The dissolving process of the support material was analysed over a 24 hours period, in which the pieces were immersed in an aquarium. This paper represents a part of a much wider project of designing, creating and testing a bio mechatronic device used in rehabilitation of elbow joint.
A Fever-Th17 Cell Immune Axis: Some SMADs Like It Hot

Fever has beneficial effects on immune responses; however, its impact on T cell polarization is poorly understood. In this issue of Immunity, Wang et al. show that fever acts through a T cell-intrinsic SMAD4-dependent mechanism that selectively drives Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity in autoimmunity.
Ending Forced Labor In ICE Detention Centers: A New Approach

Privately managed detention centers hold the majority of immigrant detainees in Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody. Coerced detainee labor in these for-profit facilities is commonplace. The practice contributes significantly to the financial viability of CoreCivic and GEO Group, the two corporations that manage ICE detention centers, but it violates the prohibition on forced labor contained in the 2000 Trafficking Victims Protection Act. This Article provides the first scholarly assessment of a wave of pending class action lawsuits challenging forced labor in privately managed ICE facilities under the TVPA. It concludes that given the breadth of the TVPA and facts revealed in discovery, these lawsuits are likely to succeed and may cause fundamental changes to the current system of mass immigration detention.
Self-Healing Data Streams Using Multiple Models of Analytical Redundancy

We have created a highly declarative programming language called PILOTS that enables error detection and estimation of correct data streams based on analytical redundancy (i.e., algebraic relationship between data streams). Data scientists are able to express their analytical redundancy models with the domain specific grammar of PILOTS and test their models with erroneous data streams. PILOTS has the ability to express a single analytical redundancy, and it has been successfully applied to data from aircraft accidents such as Air France flight 447 and Tuninter flight 1153 where only one simultaneous sensor type failure was observed. In this work, we extend PILOTS to support multiple models of analytical redundancy and improve situational awareness for multiple simultaneous sensor type failures. Motivated by the two recent accidents involving the Boeing 737 Max 8, which was potentially caused by a faulty angle of attack sensor, we focus on recovering angle of attack data streams under multiple sensor type failure scenarios. The simulation results show that multiple models of analytical redundancy enable us to detect failure modes that are not detectable with a single model.
Petrochemical releases disproportionately affected socially vulnerable populations along the Texas Gulf Coast after Hurricane Harvey

Hurricane Harvey resulted in a natural-technological disaster in which flooding caused petrochemical facilities to release hazardous chemicals. Natural-technological disasters are rarely analyzed from an environmental justice (EJ) perspective. We calculated a Hurricane Harvey petrochemical hazard density index (PHDI) based on the locations of 42 facilities with reported releases along the Texas Gulf Coast. We used sociodemographic data from the American Community Survey to examine census tract-level social inequalities in PHDI (n = 1099 tracts). Results from generalized estimating equations indicate that tracts with higher proportions of Hispanic, disabled, or young residents had greater PHDI. PHDI was positively associated with tract poverty, with a slight downward curve at high poverty. Under conditions of higher Hispanic composition, the positive effect of poverty on PHDI was amplified. With more frequent storms predicted, regulatory agencies need to ensure that the petrochemical industry prepares for rapid shutdowns in order to protect residents from natural-technological disasters.
Parallax City: “Impossible” Meetings in Königsberg and Kaliningrad

Working with recent research on atmospheres, affects and urban spaces, the author here draws upon Freud’s essay, “The Uncanny” and the notion of parallax outlined by philosopher Slavoj Zizek to the...
COVID-19 and Mental Health

Exposure to disasters is associated with a variety of mental health disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder, (MDD), substance use, anxiety and panic disorders, phobias, and neuropsychiatric disorders 1 Prolonged isolation can increase the risk of domestic violence and child abuse 2 One literature review estimates the prevalence of PTSD to be 30% to 40% among people who are directly affected by disasters versus 10% to 20% among rescue workers and 5% to 10% in the general population 1 After PTSD, depressive disorders have been the second most studied postdisaster mental health disorder 1 It is estimated that 5% of the population affected by Hurricane Ike in 2008 and 10% of adults in New York City post-9/11 met criteria for MDD 1 month after the disaster 2 Research with postdisaster studies has shown that after a major traumatic event the rate of substance use disorders increases, especially the use of alcohol 3 Because physical contact was limited during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially during the initial months, a condition called “Touch Starvation” or “Touch Deprivation” was also seen, and in some cases we continue to see that condition 4 The COVID-19 pandemic has affected certain population groups more than others According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hispanic respondents reported a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, substance use, and suicidal ideation than non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Asian participants 5 Black respondents also had increased substance use and serious consideration of suicide than White and Asian participants 5 Another concern has been an increase in suicidality In 1920, an organization named Save-a-Life reported a 23% increase in suicide from 1920 to 1921 after that pandemic 5 Another study conducted after the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic in Hong Kong showed that during the outbreak, there was a significant increase in suicide deaths among people age 65 years and older 6 Physicians on the frontlines have seen exhausting increases in their workload;initial lack of access to proper personal protection equipment;dealing with sick and dying patients;trying to make sense of conflicting guidance on disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment;and social isolation causing breakdown of a community of colleagues just to name a few
Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries in the Galactic Center

Binaries consisting of a pulsar and a black hole (BH) are a holy grail of astrophysics, both for their significance for stellar evolution and for their potential application as probes of strong gravity. In spite of extensive surveys of our Galaxy and its system of globular clusters, no pulsar-black hole (PSR-BH) binary has been found to date. Clues as to where such systems might exist are therefore highly desirable. We show that if the central parsec around Sgr A* harbors a cluster of ~25,000 stellar BHs (as predicted by mass segregation arguments) and if it is also rich in recycled pulsar binaries (by analogy with globular clusters), then 3-body exchange interactions should produce PSR-BHs in the Galactic center. Simple estimates of the formation rate and survival time of these binaries suggest that a few PSR-BHs should be present in the central parsec today. The proposed formation mechanism makes unique predictions for the PSR-BH properties: 1) the binary would reside within ~1 pc of Sgr A*; 2) the pulsar would be recycled, with a period of ~1 to a few tens of milliseconds, and a low magnetic field B ~3 AU. The potential discovery of a PSR-BH binary therefore provides a strong motivation for deep, high-frequency radio searches for recycled pulsars toward the Galactic center.
Retrospective analysis on predictive factors and timeline for early neurologic decline and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage following administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend that patients given intravenous tPA (IV tPA) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receive comprehensive stroke care for 24 hours post-treatment to monitor key physiologic variables. Early de-escalation of monitoring is likely feasible in a particular subset of patients, which may have implications in the post-COVID era. In this study, we examined when patients with AIS are susceptible to early neurologic decline (END) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after IV tPA and whether those at low clinical risk of neurologic deterioration may be suitable for earlier transition to lower level of care. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of AIS receiving IV tPA based on AHA/ASA guidelines. We included those that presented within 4.5 hours of last seen well (LSW) without large vessel occlusion (LVO) or flow-limiting stenosis (FLS) on non-invasive angiographic imaging. Outcomes included END (≥4-point worsening of NIHSS at 24 hours) from any cause, parenchymal hemorrhage (PH1 or PH2), and/ or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH;≥4-point NIHSS worsening with presence of hemorrhage). Results: 1238 patients were included from 1/2013 - 6/2019. END and ICH occurred in 7.4% (91) and 9.4% (116), respectively. 63.7% of patients with END did not have ICH within 24 hours. In those with NIHSS <12, 82% had END within 12 hours and most occurred within 5 hours. Predictive factors included older patients (72.6 ±16.1 vs 69.1 ±14.8, p=0.03), history of tobacco use (OR-2.1 [1.1-4.3], p = 0.04) and hyperlipidemia (OR-1.7 [1.1-2.8] p = 0.02). ICH occurred within 12 hours in 30% of patients, predictors included older age (74.6 ± 12.4 vs 68.8 ± 15.1, p ≤ 0.01), higher NIHSS (14.6 ±7.3 vs 10.8 ± 7.9, p ≤ 0.01), and higher presentation serum glucose levels (155.1 ± 87.5 vs 140.4 ±70.5, p = 0.04). Overall, only 2.7% (33) of patients developed sICH. There were no independentpredictive factors for delayed ICH (≥ 12 hours). Conclusion: In our selected post-IV tPA patients, a relatively small proportion suffered sICH andEND;most often within 12 hours of tPA administration. These findings may support earlier de-escalation of higher acuity monitoring for clinically stable post-IV tPA patients.
Community Boosts Immunity? Exploring the Relationship Between Social Capital and COVID-19 Social Distancing

The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic required a dramatic change in social practices, including distancing from social settings, to limit its spread. While social capital has considerable potential in facilitating the adoption of these norms, it also comes with considerable limitations that potentially undermine its effectiveness. We draw upon recently released mobility data from Google, network data from Facebook, and demographic data from the 2018 American Community Survey to determine how both organizational and networked measures of social capital relate to different forms of distancing. In addition, we employ geographically weighted regression to identify how these relationships vary across the nation. Findings indicate that while both forms of social capital can positively relate to distancing, the impacts are spatially inconsistent and, in some locations, social capital can discourage distancing. In sum, more policy efforts are needed to address not only low-social capital, but also unhelpful social capital.
Child Dehydration Management: A Health Literacy-Focused Resource Analysis

As children are at high dehydration risk, caregivers must have access to understandable and actionable educational resources.This study assessed usability, accessibility, complexity and readability...
A Review of Anna De Fina and Alexandra Georgakopoulou's Analyzing Narrative: Discourse and Sociolinguistic Perspectives from a Natural Storytelling Environment

It was rather serendipitous, not that I broke my wrist, but that I chose to bring Anna De Fina and Alexandra Georgakopoulou's 2012 book, Analyzing Narrative: Discourse and Sociolinguistic Perspectives, to my physical therapy appointments. Three times a week for several weeks, I read left-handed with my right arm trapped in a device that radiated extreme heat or numbing cold. I encourage anyone with an interest in narrative analysis to read this book, especially, if possible, in the company of people with stories to tell (but minus the temperature variations). There are six chapters and I recommend that it be read in thirds.
New intelligent magnet power supplies for LAMPF

New magnet power supplies are scheduled to be installed in the proton linac at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). The control and interface design of these power supplies represents a departure from all others on site. A high-level ASCII control protocol has been designed. The supplies have sophisticated microprocessor control onboard and communicate with the accelerator control system via RS-422 (serial communications). The low-level software used by the accelerator control system is currently being rewritten to accommodate these new devices. They communicate with the control system through a terminal server port connected to the statewide Ethernet backbone. This means that each supply will, for all intents and purposes, be a network object. Details of the design strategies for the analog and digital control for these supplies as well as the control protocol interface are presented. >
Predicting density-based spatial clusters over time

Most of existing clustering algorithms are designed to discover snapshot clusters that reflect only the current status of a database. Snapshot clusters do not reveal the fact that clusters may either persist over a period of time, or slowly fade away as other clusters may gradually develop. Predicting dynamic cluster evolutions and their occurring periods are important because this information can guide users to prepare appropriate actions toward the right areas during the right time for the most effective results. In this paper we developed a simple but effective approach in predicting the future distance among object pairs. Objects that will be close in distance over different periods of time are then processed to discover density-based clusters that may occur or change over time.
Growth in Hydra viridis

The dimensions of an epithelium such as gastrodermis of Hydra viridis may be governed by several different cellular activities. Changes in the total cell number of this epithelium and in the movements of markers placed within it by grafting show what roles cell division and cell loss play in determining the epithelium's length. A hydra's rate of lengthening is ten fold greater during its development as a bud than after it has detached from its parent. Changes in the rates of movement of gastrodermal cells onto developing buds, and of sloughing at tentacles or foot are, however, not correlated with this change in the rate of lengthening. Buds do not begin forming until at least two days after the rate of lengthening in the parent decreases. The rate at which the bud's gastrodermal cells move out onto developing tentacles is as great as the sum of the rates of movement of parental gastrodermal cells onto mature tentacles and toward the foot. The time at which the rate of lengthening of the animal changes is also not correlated with changes in the rate of growth of the gastrodermis. The combined rate at which a bud's gastrodermis accumulates cells from the parent's gastrodermis and grows within itself (intrinsic growth), is the same as the rate of gastrodermal growth in freshly detached animals which is entirely intrinsic. Furthermore, these rates are the same as that of the gastrodermis of budding parents, if the amount of growth replacing cells moving onto developing buds (cryptic growth) is added to the amount providing additional cells to the parent's gastrodermis. It seems that the gastrodermis of Hydra consists of four separate self-generating cell populations: The populations at the ends support the tentacles or foot. Between these are two more which meet at the lower edge of the budding region and support the development of buds. These more central populations can expand when the animal lengthens.
Hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin with β-chain synthesis in cis position ( G γ-β + -HPFH) in a negro family

HEREDITARY persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HPFH) is an uncommon condition described mainly in negroes and Greeks. Although this genetic disorder is rare, it has been very important in the study of the arrangement of human globin genes on chromosomes and in the investigation of the regulation of foetal haemoglobin synthesis. It is not always possible to distinguish clearly between HPFH and thalassaemia and there is considerable genetic heterogeneity in these conditions. A majority of patients with HPFH have an increased amount of foetal haemoglobin, normal or near normal red cell indices, Hb F in each red cell, an absence of clinical manifestations in the simple heterozygous state or in combination with Hb S, Hb C, or Hb E, and balanced globin synthesis1. Two different forms of γ chains are normally synthesised, with either glycine or alanine at the γ136 position. Although the majority of negro heterozygotes for HPFH have both glycine and alanine at γ136, several patients have had only glycine2–5. There was no synthesis of β or δ chains in the cis position to the HPFH gene in any of the appropriate negro cases reported previously. We describe here a negro family in which the proposita had Hb S-HPFH with β-chain synthesis in the cis position to the HPFH gene.
THE 2013 ANTIPODE RGS‐IBG LECTURE New Materialisms and Neoliberal Natures

The rise of non-deterministic understandings of nature, with their emphasis on intensive difference and non-linear processes, has occurred in conjunction with the neoliberalization of environmental governance, which at once emphasizes and financializes the inherent productivity of nature. This paper accepts the position that there is a link between the two, but argues that if we are to maintain a crucial ontological distinction between capital and non-capital, this link must be understood as contingent rather than necessary. Drawing upon Deleuze and Guattari's concept of “universal history”, I argue that the neoliberalization of nature must be understood, in part, as the strategic containment of the critical energies of new materialist thought, and that the role of critical historiography is to recognize within processes of containment the contents and qualities of more radical possibilities. If such critical efforts are to succeed they must continually distinguish between nature's innovative force and the mechanisms that seek to capture this force in the service of capital and state. In turn, if we are to remember the radical potential of these ideas, the neoliberalization of nature must be understood as a response to these critical energies, and not their origin.