cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Tripartite Factors of Emotion in Children and Adolescents II: Concurrent Validity of the Affect and Arousal Scales for Children

The authors assessed the reliability and validity of the Affect and Arousal Scale for Children (AFARS; Chorpita, Daleiden, Moffitt, Yim, & Umemoto, 2000). The AFARS is a new measure of children's positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and physiological hyperarousal (PH). In the first study, 176 school children, 7 to 17 years of age, were administered measures of childhood worry, anxiety sensitivity, and autonomic arousal and their parents completed a child behavior problem checklist. In a second study, two groups of 100 and 114 school children, 8 to 18 years of age, were administered measures of childhood depression and anxiety, respectively, Also, 120 of these children took part in a 1-week retest administration of the AFARS. These studies provided preliminary evidence of acceptable 1-week test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity for the AFARS PA, NA, and PH scales. However, the predicted pattern of convergent and discriminant relations with parent-reported criterion only emerged for children over 11 years of age. Further, a consistent positive relation emerged between NA and PH, yet each of these scales accounted for unique variance in the prediction of criterion measures.
What doctors feel: How emotions affect the practice of medicine, by Ofri, D.

The introduction of Danielle Ofri’s What Doctors Feel is a case for further examination of the emotional side of medicine. Both positive and negative emotions are pervasive in medical care, both ca...
Pentacoordinate Ruthenium(II) Catecholthiolate and Mercaptophenolate Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: Anionic Ligand Exchange and Ease of Initiation

The investigations disclosed offer insight regarding several key features of Ru-based catecholthiolate olefin metathesis catalysts. Factors influencing the facility with which the two anionic ligands undergo exchange and those that affect the rates of catalyst release are elucidated by examination of more than a dozen new complexes. These studies shed light on how different chelating groups can influence Ru–S bond strength and, as a result, the facility of catecholthiolate rotation. The trans influence series ether < ester ≈ iodide < amine ≈ thioether ≈ olefin < isonitrile ≈ phosphite has been established through X-ray structural analysis and shown to correlate well with the barrier for catecholthiolate rotation (trans effect) determined by variable-temperature NMR experiments and computational studies (DFT). It is found that, apart from electronic factors, chelate geometry has a more notable effect on the rate of catalyst release (five- vs six-membered chelate ring and mono- vs bidentate ligand). Polytop...
Defective Lymphatics in Crohn's Disease: Tertiary Lymphoid Follicles Plug the Gap.

The gut-associated lymphoid tissues are the guardians of the enteric immune system and integrate dietary and microbial stimuli to maintain immunologic tolerance. However, during periods of persistent chronic inflammation, such as in Crohn’s disease (CD), a dysfunctional lymphatic system is a pathologic hallmark. Indeed, the predominant histopathologic features of CD are lymphocytic lymphangitis, occluded lymphatic vessels, and inflammatory granulomas. These trademark features of chronic disease are found in or around ectopic tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLT) in the inflamed lamina propria (Gut 2008;57:1-4). In addition, the presence of TLT at the base of aphthous ulcers is the earliest endoscopically evident lesion in CD and their appearance heralds recurrent disease within the neoterminal ileum after ilectomy (Gut 1984;25:665-672). To date, the function of intestinal TLT and their impact on the etiology and pathogenesis of CD remains enigmatic, with limited experimental evidence as to their role. How TLT integrate into the pathophysiology of CD remains a critical question, yet clinical investigation into their development and function remains limited. Randolph et al aimed to assess the integrity of mesenteric lymphatic vasculature in CD. First, they confirmed the previous findings generated from immunopathologic studies of intestinal mucosa, indicating defective lymphatic function during active disease. To achieve this, patent blue dye was injected into the serosa of ileal loops before surgical resection, highlighting afferent lymphatic vessels draining the lamina propria. This technique nicely demonstrated a deviation of normal lymphatic vessels in active CD, compared with non-CD counterparts and indicated a remodeling of the vasculature in the mesentery. Next, they used a 3-dimensional system to image whole mount sections from a patient cohort undergoing ilectomy for stricturing CD (to obtain cm3 tissue coverage). Surprisingly, this work revealed advanced remodeling of the lymphatic vascular tracks, with the presence of ectopic lymphoid follicles within the collecting vessel line. A border of adipocytes and no evident capsule, suggesting that these organized structures were not sentinel lymph nodes but TLT instead. The work by Randolph et al highlights that, although most studies have reported on lymphatic capillaries in the intestinal wall, where collecting vessels remove solutes and immune cells, the primary functional site of lymphatic dysfunction may be the larger vessels in the mesentery, which interface with sentinel lymph nodes.
Biofeedback: An Important but Often-Ignored Ingredient in Psychotherapy

Although evidence supports the efficacy of biofeedback for treating a number of disorders and for enhancing performance, significant barriers block both needed research and payer support for this m...
Bioprinting Versus 3D Printing

A bioprinter is used to create liver tissue, which is one of the original experiments in bioprinting by the company. Spheroids of parenchymal (or fundamental) liver cells are loaded into a syringe. In another syringe, nonparenchymal liver cells and the hydrogel, which fuses together to create a bioink, is loaded. The bioink makes a mold in the cell dish, and the liver cells fill up the rest of the dish. When the cells are put in an incubator, they fuse together even more to form the full liver tissue. This type of 3D printing aims to allow scientists and medical researchers to build an organ, layer by layer, using scanners and printers traditionally reserved for auto design, model building, and product prototyping.
Close and Connected: The Effects of Proximity and Social Ties on Citizen Opposition to Electricity Transmission Lines

To meet reliability and renewable energy goals, new high-voltage transmission line (HVTL) projects are being built in the United States and worldwide. The siting of HVTLs, often considered a locall...
An energy-efficient method for direct-contact ultrasonic cloth drying

Abstract A novel ultrasonic transducer driving method, in which the power supply to the transducer is regulated by a binary modulating signal, is introduced for the first time for use in direct-contact ultrasonic drying of fabrics. First, the drying characteristics of different fabrics on two types of transducers are studied using continuous transducer driving mode. Then, the effects of duty cycle and frequency of modulating power signals on fabric drying characteristics are investigated. The energy efficiency of the proposed transducer driving method is compared with that of the continuous transducer driving mode. The results suggest that drying using a modulating signal consists of nonlinear and linear regimes similar to those of the continuous driving mode. The results also show that drying time of a fabric depends not only on the fabric type, but also on the duty cycle and the modulating frequency. However, there exists a critical duty cycle beyond which the drying time does not change. The proposed transducer driving method is more energy-efficient compared to continuous driving mode, consuming 7–16 times less energy. Higher energy efficiencies maybe achieved by operating the transducer at higher modulating frequencies and shorter duty cycles.
Intellectual humility and openness to the opposing view

AbstractStrong disagreements have stymied today’s political discourse. We investigate intellectual humility – recognizing the limits of one’s knowledge and appreciating others’ intellectual strengths – as one factor that can make disagreements more constructive. In Studies 1 and 2, participants with higher intellectual humility were more open to learning about the opposition’s views during imagined disagreements. In Study 3, those with higher intellectual humility exposed themselves to a greater proportion of opposing political perspectives. In Study 4, making salient a growth mindset of intelligence boosted intellectual humility, and, in turn, openness to opposing views. Results suggest that intellectual humility is associated with openness during disagreement, and that a growth mindset of intelligence may increase intellectual humility. Implications for current political polarization are discussed.
DISCONNECTED JULIA SETS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses disconnected Julia sets. The connectivity properties of the Julia set for a polynomial have an intimate relationship with the dynamical properties of the finite critical points. The chapter explains the way to construct symbolic codings for the components of the Julia set for a large class of cubic polynomials. These cubics can have one critical point that iterates to infinity and another whose orbit remains bounded. The chapter discusses two filled-in Julia sets for two different types of polynomials. The black regions are the filled-in Julia set and the shading of the stable manifold of infinity corresponds to levels of the rate of escape map. In the dynamics of high-degree polynomials and in transcendental functions, there are regions on which the dynamics is determined by a low-degree polynomial.
Der Stand der Sowjetforschung zur Soziologie komplexer Organisationen

Der Uberblick uber die sowjetischen Beitrage zur Soziologie komplexer Organisationen stellt grostenteils Arbeiter vor, die wahrend der letzten drei bis funf Jahre veroffentlicht worden sind. Die Fragen, die in den genannten Beitragen behandelt werden, sind in erster Linie Fragen der Leistungssteigerung, Fragen des output. Der von OSSIPOV und SZCZEPANSKI herausgegebene Band, Soziale Probleme von Arbeit und Produktion, ist unseres Wissens die nach Anzahl der untersuchten Fabrikanlagen und Arbeiter sowie nach Zeitaufwand am breitesten angelegte industriesoziologische Erhebung, die die Soziologie heute weltweit aufweist.
Meloidogyne incognita intensifies the severity of Fusarium wilt on watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum

Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is a devastating soil-borne disease in watermelon production. Race 1 and race 2 of the pathogen are widely distributed...
The Impact of Respiratory Exercises on Voice Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Summary Introduction The role of respiratory exercises in voice therapy remains unclear as many patients do not need extensive breath support to meet their voice demands. However, since these exercises are commonly used in clinical practice and ubiquitous in voice therapy textbooks, there is a need to determine the evidence for using respiratory exercises to improve vocal function. Objective The goal of the present review is to determine the state of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of respiratory interventions to improve respiratory and voice outcomes. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using three electronic databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and CINAHL. A search strategy was developed to highlight two main concepts: (1) voice and (2) respiratory exercises. Results Out of 650 articles identified through the search, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria, spanning nine types of respiratory exercises: (1) expiratory muscle strength training; (2) inspiratory muscle strength training; (3) incentive spirometry; (4) isocapnic hyperpnea; (5) respiratory effort treatment; (6) abdominal directives; (7) “easy breathing”; (8) stimulation training; and (9) vocalization with abdominal breath support. Respiratory improvements were reported in 12 articles. Nine of 12 articles also reported some voice improvements, although these were limited to subsets of participants. Conclusions The results of this review suggest that the evidence to support using respiratory exercises to improve vocal function is specific to a patient's respiratory and vocal needs. That is, current evidence does not support using respiratory exercises for all patients with voice disorders. Emerging evidence also indicates the importance of generalizing the outcomes of respiratory exercises to voice tasks. It is critical that the mechanism of action through which respiratory exercises can impact voice outcomes be thoroughly understood, and it is hoped that future research will help provide more information in this regard.
Resolution 1106 (2168/18) (OAS), Precautionary Measure No. 731–18, & Precautionary Measure No. 505-18 (IACHR)

In the spring of 2018, the White House and executive agencies issued a series of orders aimed at more aggressive enforcement against irregular entry of migrants at the southwest border. In analyzing the legal validity of the new U.S. immigration policy decisions, the Inter-American System questioned and strongly condemned the U.S. policy and practice of separating migrant families. On June 29, 2018, the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States (OAS) issued a resolution that rejected any migration policy that resulted in the separation of families. Specifically, it urged the U.S. government to implement measures to avoid the separation of families, to seek unification of children and parents already separated, and to promote the identification of migrants and refugee seekers in accordance with international law. After the issuance of the resolution, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) granted Precautionary Measure No. 731–18, Regarding Migrant Children Affected by the “Zero Tolerance” Policy Regarding the United States of America (the children's measure), and Precautionary Measure No. 505–18, Concerning Vilma Aracely Lopez Juc de Coc and Others Regarding the United States of America (the parents’ measure), both of which recognized that the rights to family life and personal integrity were at risk.
Integrated photonics for low transverse emittance, ultrafast negative electron affinity GaAs photoemitters

Photocathodes exhibiting simultaneous high quantum efficiency, low mean transverse energy (MTE), and fast temporal response are critical for next generation electron sources. Currently, caesiated negative electron affinity GaAs photocathodes have demonstrated good overall results [Bell and Spicer, Proc. IEEE 58, 1788 (1970); Pierce et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 670 (1975)]. However, due to the nature of the photoemission process and the details of the Cs surface structure, a tradeoff exists. A low mean transverse energy of ∼25 meV can be obtained by using photons with near bandgap energy, at the cost of an unacceptably high response time, or higher energy photons can be used with a mean transverse energy of ∼60 meV with acceptable response times of 2–5 ps [Karkare et al., J. Appl. Phys. 113, 104904 (2013); Honda et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 086401 (2013); Pastuszka et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2967 (1997)]. Here, it is shown through a calibrated simulation that a thin layer of caesiated GaAs on a waveguide can potentially exhibit photoemission with MTEs ∼30 meV, ultrafast response times of ∼0.2–1 ps, and quantum efficiency of 1%–10%, breaking the traditional tradeoffs associated with bulk negative electron affinity photoemitters.
Discharge Destination As a Marker of Mobility Impairment in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives:Discharge destination is a commonly used surrogate for long-term recovery in rehabilitation studies. We determined the accuracy of discharge destination as a surrogate marker for 6-month mobility impairment in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors.Design/Setting:Secondary analysis
Neural development of multisensory integration

Abstract The brain has many remarkable characteristics, one of which involves its ability to combine the information it derives from different senses into a multisensory product. This process of multisensory integration is ubiquitous and profoundly affects normal perception and behavior. The unisensory-multisensory transformation has been examined at the single neuron level in the superior colliculus (SC) of an animal model. Using this model, and the senses represented (vision, audition, somatosensation), it has been determined that multisensory integration capabilities are crafted during postnatal life as experience with these cross-modal cues is collected. This ensures that its operational features are adapted to the environment in which it will be used.
Revisiting Shugart and Carey’s Relation of Executive Powers and Democratic Breakdown:

This work reassesses the central thesis of Shugart and Carey’s Presidents and Assemblies, that weak presidencies make stronger, more lasting democracies. We argue that a thorough review of the lite...
FOXA1 upregulation promotes enhancer and transcriptional reprogramming in endocrine-resistant breast cancer

Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer factor that facilitates chromatin binding and function of lineage-specific and oncogenic transcription factors. Hyperactive FOXA1 signaling due to gene amplification or overexpression has been reported in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FOXA1 up-regulation promotes these processes and the key downstream targets of the FOXA1 oncogenic network remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that FOXA1 overexpression in ER+ breast cancer cells drives genome-wide enhancer reprogramming to activate prometastatic transcriptional programs. Up-regulated FOXA1 employs superenhancers (SEs) to synchronize transcriptional reprogramming in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, reflecting an early embryonic development process. We identify the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) as the top high FOXA1-induced SE target, mediating the impact of high FOXA1 in activating prometastatic gene sets and pathways associated with poor clinical outcome. Using clinical ER+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer datasets, we show that the aberrant FOXA1/HIF-2α transcriptional axis is largely nonconcurrent with the ESR1 mutations, suggesting different mechanisms of endocrine resistance and treatment strategies. We further demonstrate the selective efficacy of an HIF-2α antagonist, currently in clinical trials for advanced kidney cancer and recurrent glioblastoma, in reducing the clonogenicity, migration, and invasion of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells expressing high FOXA1. Our study has uncovered high FOXA1-induced enhancer reprogramming and HIF-2α–dependent transcriptional programs as vulnerable targets for treating endocrine-resistant and metastatic breast cancer.
Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the root zone of hop cultivars planted in a Florida field soil

In early 2016, hop plants were introduced into Florida. By late 2016, the hop plants were showing stunted growth and were heavily parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica. In this study, we determined host susceptibility of 14 hop cultivars to M. javanica in a greenhouse experiment and monitored population development of plant-parasitic nematode species in the root zone of 17 hop cultivars planted in three newly established hop yards in Florida. Plant-parasitic nematodes in the rooting zone soil of field grown hop plants included M. javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Paratrichodorus minor, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Xiphinema setariae/vulgare complex, Mesocriconema xenoplax, and Helicotylenchus dihystera; however, soil population densities of P. minor, B. longicaudatus, X. setariae/vulgare complex, M. xenoplax, and H. dihystera remained low through the study. Root galling, M. javanica egg production, and soil population densities of M. javanica were consistently large on the 'Canadian Red Vine', 'Centennial', 'Chinook', and 'Comet' cultivars, and small on the 'Galena' and 'Triple Perle' cultivars. No differences were observed in soil population densities of P. brachyurus among hop cultivars. Overall, our study provides the first report of plant-parasitic nematode population development in the root zone on hop cultivars planted in Florida. In early 2016, hop plants were introduced into Florida. By late 2016, the hop plants were showing stunted growth and were heavily parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica. In this study, we determined host susceptibility of 14 hop cultivars to M. javanica in a greenhouse experiment and monitored population development of plant-parasitic nematode species in the root zone of 17 hop cultivars planted in three newly established hop yards in Florida. Plant-parasitic nematodes in the rooting zone soil of field grown hop plants included M. javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Paratrichodorus minor, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Xiphinema setariae/vulgare complex, Mesocriconema xenoplax, and Helicotylenchus dihystera; however, soil population densities of P. minor, B. longicaudatus, X. setariae/vulgare complex, M. xenoplax, and H. dihystera remained low through the study. Root galling, M. javanica egg production, and soil population densities of M. javanica were consistently large on the ‘Canadian Red Vine’, ‘Centennial’, ‘Chinook’, and ‘Comet’ cultivars, and small on the ‘Galena’ and ‘Triple Perle’ cultivars. No differences were observed in soil population densities of P. brachyurus among hop cultivars. Overall, our study provides the first report of plant-parasitic nematode population development in the root zone on hop cultivars planted in Florida.
Reduction Mammoplasty: Intraoperative Weight Versus Pathology Weight and Its Implications.

Background: Despite the efficacy of reduction mammoplasty and demonstration that resection weight does not predict symptomatic relief of macromastia, many insurers still rely on the Schnur scale or predetermined resection weight for reimbursement. Insurers review pathology reports to determine reimbursement. Tissue desiccation and handling decrease specimen weight prior to pathology evaluation. Surgeons often make judgments based on intraoperative weight. Our goal was to determine whether (1) discrepancies exist between intraoperative and pathology weights, and (2) how differences may impact reimbursement and medical practice. Methods: Medical records review was performed on 25 reduction mammoplasty cases performed between 2007 and 2010, yielding 48 specimens. Tumescent was never used. Weight of each specimen from operative and pathology reports was reviewed and compared. The 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare sample weights. Results: Comparison of intraoperative versus pathology specimen weights revealed an average 7% weight decrease (range, +11% to -45%). Average and median specimen weight decrease from intraoperative to pathology weights was 48 g (SD = 71 g) and 31 g (interquartile range = 6.6-58 g), respectively. Average intraoperative specimen weight was 780.7 g (SD = 375.3 g; range, 290-2238 g). Average pathology specimen weight was 732.3 g (SD = 358.4 g; range, 265-2053.6 g) (P < .001) All but 2 samples weighed less in pathology. Conclusion: Desiccation and handling between intraoperative and pathology weighing decrease specimen weight. Weight discrepancies may have implications on coverage and reimbursement by insurers. Awareness of such discrepancies can help plastic surgeons and patients avoid unexpected coverage and reimbursement complications.
Abstract 3300: Association of molecular characteristics with survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of lung cancer therapy. However significant proportions of patients have primary or acquired resistance to ICIs. Molecular characterization is critical for patient selection and overcoming resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular characteristics associated with ICIs outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and methods: All advanced stage NSCLC patients at City of Hope who received ICIs (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab) were identified retrospectively. Overall survival (OS, from the start of the ICIs), Pathology and information on genomic alterations (GAs) including next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels were collected. Chi-square and Fisher9s exact test, Log-rank test were used for comparison of demographics, and survival curves respectively. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazards model was used for survival analysis. Results: 346 NSCLC patients were identified. Univariate and multivariate analysis found the association of OS with PD-L1 level ≥50% (Hazard ratio [HR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.59; P Conclusions: We described the clinical and molecular features of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. The association of GAs in TET2 with longer OS and its mutual exclusivity with FANCA GAs were insightful for developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve ICIs outcomes in NSCLC. Keywords: Lung cancer, molecular, next-generation sequencing (NGS), immune checkpoint inhibitors, TET2, FANCA, PD-L1, TMB, immunotherapy Citation Format: Dan Zhao, Isa Mambetsariev, Haiqing Li, Chen Chen, Jeremy Fricke, Patricia Fann, Prakash Kulkarni, Yan Xing, Peter Lee, Andrea Bild, Erminia Massarelli, Marianna Koczywas, Karen Reckamp, Ravi Salgia. Association of molecular characteristics with survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3300.
Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.

Importance Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting nearly 800 000 individuals annually. Observations Sudden neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain ischemia with imaging evidence of acute infarction defines acute ischemic stroke (AIS), while an ischemic episode with neurologic deficits but without acute infarction defines transient ischemic attack (TIA). An estimated 7.5% to 17.4% of patients with TIA will have a stroke in the next 3 months. Patients presenting with nondisabling AIS or high-risk TIA (defined as a score ≥4 on the age, blood pressure, clinical symptoms, duration, diabetes [ABCD2] instrument; range, 0-7 [7 indicating worst stroke risk]), who do not have severe carotid stenosis or atrial fibrillation, should receive dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidigrel within 24 hours of presentation. Subsequently, combined aspirin and clopidigrel for 3 weeks followed by single antiplatelet therapy reduces stroke risk from 7.8% to 5.2% (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.56-0.77]). Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis should receive carotid revascularization and single antiplatelet therapy, and those with atrial fibrillation should receive anticoagulation. In patients presenting with AIS and disabling deficits interfering with activities of daily living, intravenous alteplase improves the likelihood of minimal or no disability by 39% with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) vs 26% with placebo (odds ratio [OR], 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1-2.6]) when administered within 3 hours of presentation and by 35.3% with IV rtPA vs 30.1% with placebo (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1-1.5]) when administered within 3 to 4.5 hours of presentation. Patients with disabling AIS due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusions are more likely to be functionally independent when treated with mechanical thrombectomy within 6 hours of presentation vs medical therapy alone (46.0% vs 26.5%; OR, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.76-3.53]) or when treated within 6 to 24 hours after symptom onset if they have a large ratio of ischemic to infarcted tissue on brain magnetic resonance diffusion or computed tomography perfusion imaging (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2: 53% vs 18%; OR, 4.92 [95% CI, 2.87-8.44]). Conclusions and Relevance Dual antiplatelet therapy initiated within 24 hours of symptom onset and continued for 3 weeks reduces stroke risk in select patients with high-risk TIA and minor stroke. For select patients with disabling AIS, thrombolysis within 4.5 hours and mechanical thrombectomy within 24 hours after symptom onset improves functional outcomes.
Report - Labour Market Opportunities for School Leavers

This report pertains to the opportunities available in the labor market for school leavers in the context of Pakistani society. This document covers the relationship of education (up to 12th grade with arts subjects i.e. Faculty of Arts - FA) with the labor market in terms of skills, knowledge, and attitude learned in the schools. In addition, this document highlights the importance of how to further equip school leavers with essential skills, knowledge, attitude according to the current workplace demands. Because the society has been transformed from an agrarian to industrialized and further is changing rapidly into digitization. In this connection, urbanization is going on and resultant socioeconomic aspects of the society are also altering accordingly. Consequently, careers, jobs, workplaces and labor markets are also being changed and modified from simple to complex and static to dynamic spheres. Resultant, workplaces for Pakistani school leaver especially those students who are studying arts subjects have become more demanding and challenging. Moreover, the document also discusses the importance of networking relating to providing job opportunities for school leavers.
How you name your Airbnb’s title matters: comparison of seven countries

In the fiercely competitive peer-to-peer accommodation business, it is critical that hosts advertise their homes effectively. This study aims to investigate, in a peer-to-peer accommodation context...
Joint Synchronization and Compressive Channel Estimation for Frequency-Selective Hybrid mmWave MIMO Systems

Synchronization is a fundamental procedure in cellular systems whereby user equipment (UE) acquires the time and frequency information required to decode the data transmitted by a base station (BS). Due to the small antenna aperture at millimeter wave (mmWave), large antenna arrays are used to compensate for the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. For this reason, synchronization is often performed jointly with beam training as in 5G New Radio (NR) to boost the receive SNR. However, if the mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel is to be estimated, then synchronization must be performed in the low SNR regime owing to the lack of directional beamforming during compressive channel estimation. Current mmWave channel estimation algorithms implicitly take synchronization for granted, which is a not practical assumption in the low SNR regime. To solve this problem, this work proposes the first synchronization framework for hybrid mmWave MIMO that is robust to carrier frequency offset (CFO) and phase noise (PHN) synchronization errors. We propose two novel multi-stage algorithms to jointly estimate the various unknown parameters, based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. By using the QuaDRiGa 5G NR channel simulator, we show that compressive channel estimation without prior synchronization is possible, and the proposed approaches outperform current solutions for joint beam training and synchronization currently considered in 5G NR.
Computation and Representation in Cognitive Translation Studies

A separation is recently being construed within cognitive translation studies (CTS) between translation process research (TPR) and cognitive translatology (CT), in which TPR is said to implement a computational approach, while CT endorses 4EA approaches. For Munoz (2017) TPR and CT represent “mutually exclusive views on human cognition,” and some research seems to adopt this view (Xiao and Munoz 2020; Halverson 2019, among others). Munoz’ statement stipulates that either TPR is incompatible with basic assumptions of 4EA or CT is not computational. We investigate various notions of “computation,” some of which rely on a specific meaning of representation. We contend that TPR has mainly developed methodologies for empirical research and has not, in general, made any particular theoretical or representational commitment. CT, in contrast, supports ontological (i.e., 4EA) views on cognition while being agnostic with respect to methodological issues. We conclude that TPR is compatible with at least some flavors of the CT ontological perspective and that a mechanistic view on computation may offer a more comprehensive prospective on CTS.
The Approach of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Regulating Certain Biotechnology Products

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency functions under a number of statutes to carry out its mission of protecting human health and the environment. While these statutes were not written specifically for biotechnology or products of biotechnology, there are tm which have been interpreted as investing EPA with the authority to do so. These are the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. (FIFRA) and the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
The purine nucleotide cycle. The production of ammonia from aspartate by extracts of rat skeletal muscle.

Abstract Extracts of rat skeletal muscle convert aspartate to ammonia and fumarate plus malate. The conversion is dependent on the presence of catalytic amounts of IMP, adenylosuccinate, or AMP. In addition, GTP is required as a source of energy. A GTP-regenerating system must be supplied since the accumulation of GDP inhibits the operation of the cycle. It is proposed that the purine nucleotide cycle accounts for the production of ammonia during muscular work.
Deleuzism: A Metacommentary

Deleuze was a philosopher who offered sharp critiques of - as well as radical alternatives to -psychoanalysis, semiotics, all forms of structuralism and all forms of expressionism. While Deleuze was not a dialectician, as readers of him we must be. The conviction that Deleuze was doing something radically new in his work has accompanied a corresponding anxiety as to how to read it. In this work, Ian Buchanan takes up the challenge of answering the questions: how should we read Deleuze? And, how should we read with Deleuze? He shows us how Deleuze's philosophy works. He offers a clear delineation of Deleuze's way of thought, one that is inseparable from a conception of philosophy as a way of living. Buchanan ranges over the entire Deleuzian corpus engaging with elemental concepts in Deleuze -"the dark precursor", "desire", "flow", "nomad". "the image", "betrayal", becoming-woman" - and shows that despite Deluge's self-declared moratorium against dialectics he was a number of important respects a dialectician. Offering concrete Deleuzian readings of literary works such as "Wuthering Heights", films such as "Blade Runner", architectural structures such as the Bonaventure Hotel and popular cultural practices, including 80s pop music, Buchanan demonstrates the effectiveness of Deluzian analysis for interdisciplinary cultural critique. Deluzism is a work that should engage all those with an interest in the 20th century's most radical and original philosopher.
Neural recordings from a benzocyclobutene (BCB) based intra-cortical neural implant in an acute animal model

Multi-channel micro-electrode arrays provide unmatched spatio-temporal resolution for assessing the activity of populations of neurons. These neural implants provide a powerful tool for developing a better understanding of cortical processing, as well as provide an intimate interface for neuroprosthetic applications. Over the years, micro-wire based devices that are manufactured by hand, have allowed researchers to record for several months, and in rare cases up to a year or more. Devices based on microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMs) offer more controlled designs with the added benefit of batch fabrication. Polymer-based MEMs interfaces offer exciting promise over traditional silicon arrays due to their mechanical flexibility and excellent biocompatibility. In this paper we microfabricated a neural interface using a new class of polymer known as benzocyclobutene (BCB), developed for microelectronics under the trade name Cyclotene/spl trade/. This polymer has properties that we believe make it an attractive candidate for chronic implant applications. We provide for the first time a quantitative assessment of its recording capability in an acute animal model. Continuous recordings of neural signals (100 /spl mu/V) from barrel cortex of a rat were successfully demonstrated. These results are encouraging for further development of a long term implant based on BCB.
Astronomical CCD observing and reduction techniques

CCD instrumentation and techniques in observational astronomy are surveyed. The general topics addressed include: history of large array scientific CCD imagers; noise sources and reduction processes; basic photometry techniques; introduction to differential time-series astronomical photometry using CCDs; 2D imagery; point source spectroscopy; extended object spectrophotometry; introduction to CCD astrometry; solar system applications for CCDs; CCD data; observing with infrared arrays; image processing, data analysis software, and computer systems for CCD data reduction and analysis. (No individual items are abstracted in this volume)
Public child welfare staff knowledge, attitudes, and referral behaviors for an evidence based parenting program

Little is known about how the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the public child welfare work force influence implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) as most research has focused on the private workforce. This paper reports on public child welfare staff knowledge, attitudes, and practices in a state implementing the EBP, SafeCare®. A survey of public child welfare staff (N = 222) was conducted to assess knowledge, familiarity, and referral barriers and practices. Knowledge of and familiarity with SafeCarewere low, especially among front line staff (case managers). Attitudes toward SafeCare were fairly positive, but somewhat less so than attitudes toward a standard, non-evidenced based parenting program. Case managers were significantly less likely to have made a referral (15%) than other staff (46%). Job tenure had few effects on familiarity, knowledge, attitudes, or referrals. The strongest predictors of having made referrals were familiarity with SafeCare and job position.
Some effects of context on voice onset time in English stops.

Recent work has led us to the conclusion that the English stop categories /bdg/ and /ptk/ are distinguished by the timing of changes in glottal aperture relative to supra-glottal ariculation. In word-initial position, the environment of current interest to us, this is manifested acoustically by voice onset time, that is, the time interval between the burst that marks release of the stop closure and the onset of quasi-periodicity which reflects laryngeal vibration. For citation forms of words this measure of voice onset time completely separates the two phonemic categories. In running speech, however, the separation is less sharp ; there is some overlap along the dimension of voice onset time. We have examined running speech in some detail to discover the extent to which certain contextual features are responsible for this overlap. It is clear that the presence of a voiceless stop in a stressed syllable makes for a greater lag in the onset of voicing. In unstressed syllables, an environment of high context...
The Nexus of Female Capital and North–South Labor Migration in Ghana: A Potential Remedy from Microfinance

The phenomenon of female head-load portaging in the large commercial cities of Southern Ghana has become a social canker. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocat...
Object-Extending Class Transformations

Reorganisation and evolution of class hierarchies is important for object-oriented system development and has received considerable attention in the literature. The contributions of this paper are: (1) a formal study of a set of extension relations and transformations on class hierarchies; (2) a presentation of a small set of primitive transformations which form a minimal and complete basis for the extension relations; and (3) an analysis of the impact of these transformations at the object level.
Response of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Abstract Autonomic motoneurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX) were recorded intracellularly in an vitro in slice preparation of the guinea pig brainstem. Bath-applied thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) (1–10 μM) induced a reversible depolarization of neurons that was typically accompanied by an increase in the spontaneous firing of the cells. In some cells, TRH induced rhythmic bursting activity. The TRH-induced depolarization occurred also in the presence of reduced Ca 2+ and TTX. The response was dose-dependent over TRH concentrations of 0.1–10 μM. The TRH-induced depolarization was accompanied by an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential of this effect corresponded to that of K + . Our results indicate that TRH increases the excitability of DMX neurons by reducing a resting K + conductance.
Reversible one-electron electro-reduction of O2 to produce a stable superoxide (O2-) catalyzed by adsorbed Co(II) hexadecafluoro-phthalocyanine in aqueous alkaline solution

Abstract A reversible one-electron reduction of O2 to produce the stable superoxide ion ( O 2 - ) was observed in an aqueous solution of 1 M NaOH. This electro-reduction of O2 was catalyzed by Cobalt(II) 1,2,3,4, 8,9,10,11, 15,16,17,18, 22,23,24,25-hexadecafluoro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (abbreviated as CoIIHFPC) adsorbed on a graphite electrode. The OH− concentration has a very strong effect on the reduction process. Higher OH− concentration could stabilize O 2 - ion.
A multinomial clustering model for fast simulation of computer architecture designs

Computer architects utilize simulation tools to evaluate the merits of a new design feature. The time needed to adequately evaluate the tradeoffs associated with adding any new feature has become a critical issue. Recent work has found that by identifying execution phases present in common workloads used in simulation studies, we can apply clustering algorithms to significantly reduce the amount of time needed to complete the simulation. Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate the value of this approach when applied to the set of industry-standard benchmarks most commonly used in computer architecture studies. We also look to improve upon prior work by applying more appropriate clustering algorithms to identify phases, and to further reduce simulation time.We find that the phase clustering in computer architecture simulation has many similarities to text clustering. In prior work on clustering techniques to reduce simulation time, K-means clustering was used to identify representative program phases. In this paper we apply a mixture of multinomials to the clustering problem and show its advantages over using K-means on simulation data. We have implemented these two clustering algorithms and evaluate how well they can characterize program behavior. By adopting a mixture of multinomials model, we find that we can maintain simulation result fidelity, while greatly reducing overall simulation time. We report results for a range of applications taken from the SPEC2000 benchmark suite.
Fatigue and fracture toughness of epoxy nanocomposites

The fatigue and failure mechanisms of epoxy composites have been researched extensively because of their commercial importance in fields demanding materials with high specific strength. Particulate, sheets, short and long fibers with dimensions in the micrometer and nanometer range are the major fillers which have been studied for enhancing the fatigue resistance of epoxies. The nano and micro scale dimensions of the fillers give rise to unexpected and fascinating mechanical properties, often superior to the matrix including fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation resistance. Such properties are dependent on each other (e.g., the fatigue properties of the polymer composites have been found to be strongly influenced by its toughness). This article is a review of the various developments in this field and the underlying mechanisms which are responsible for performance improvements in such composites.
Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of square pin fin enhanced microgaps in single phase microfluidic cooling

Three dimensional (3D) stacking of semiconductor chips has the advantages of high electrical performance, including improved bandwidth, reduced wire interconnection lengths, low cost, and heterogeneous integration. However, the power density increases sharply within the stack and the thermal management challenges become major bottlenecks. Inter-tier microfluidic cooling with microgaps with surface area enhancements such as pin fins can potentially achieve superior thermal performance. As such, the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of this configuration over parametric ranges of practical interest are important. A lot of work has been done on circular cross-section pin fins, with only limited work on square pin fins. In this work, a parametric study was conducted for the first time to investigate the effect of all pin fin dimensions, including diameter(D h ), transversal (S T ) and longitudinal (S L ) spacing, height (H p ), and Re on Pressure drop (ΔP) in terms of friction factor (f) and Heat Transfer coefficient (HTC) in terms of Colburn j factor. Correlations of f and Colburn j factor were proposed for Re<;100. The performance of circular and square micro pin fin were compared. The comparison results show that the circular micro pin fin array has better thermal performance under same pumping power.