cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Compromises Innate and Adaptive T Cell Responses and Host Resistance to an Attenuated West Nile Virus Infection in Old Mice.

UNLABELLED The elderly are known to have enhanced susceptibility to infections and an impaired capacity to respond to vaccination. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has induced severe neurological symptoms, mostly in the elderly population. No vaccines are available for human use. Recent work showed that an attenuated WNV, a nonstructural (NS) 4B-P38G mutant, induced no lethality but strong immune responses in young (6- to 10-week-old) mice. While studying protective efficacy, we found unexpectedly that old (21- to 22-month) mice were susceptible to WNV NS4B-P38G mutant infection but were protected from subsequent lethal wild-type WNV challenge. Compared to responses in young mice, the NS4B-P38G mutant triggered higher inflammatory cytokine and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, a delayed γδ T cell expansion, and lower antibody and WNV-specific T cell responses in old mice. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is expressed on multiple types of cells. Impaired TLR7 signaling in old mice led to dendritic cell (DC) antigen-presenting function compromise and a reduced γδ T cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion during NS4B-P38G mutant infection. R848, a TLR7 agonist, decreased host vulnerability in NS4B-P38G-infected old mice by enhancing γδ T cell and Treg expansion and the antigen-presenting capacity of DCs, thereby promoting T cell responses. In summary, our results suggest that dysregulation of TLR7 partially contributes to impaired innate and adaptive T cell responses and an enhanced vulnerability in old mice during WNV NS4B-P38G mutant infection. R848 increases the safety and efficacy during immunization of old mice with the WNV NS4B-P38G mutant. IMPORTANCE The elderly are known to have enhanced susceptibility to infections and an impaired capacity to respond to vaccination. West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, has induced severe neurological symptoms more frequently in the elderly population. No vaccines are available for human use. Here, we used an aged mouse model to investigate the protective efficacy of an attenuated WNV, the nonstructural 4B-P38G mutant, which was previously shown to induce no lethality but strong immune responses in young adult mice. Studies that contribute to a mechanistic understanding of immune defects in the elderly will allow the development of strategies to improve responses to infectious diseases and to increase vaccine efficacy and safety in aging individuals.
VATER association. A unifying concept of multiple anomalies.

We believe that «lumping» several associated congenital anomalies into the concept of the VATER association will improve and simplify the understanding and care of children who have certain anomalies
An Intermetallic Precipitate Strengthened Materials for Cryogenic Applications

In high field magnets, most of the structural materials operate at very low temperatures (e.g. 1.8 K) and high magnetic fields (e.g. >20 T). Such an extreme environments ask for demanding properties from the materials. Austenite stainless steels have been used for such an application for decades and provide good combination of mechanical strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures. In the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, we have studied intermetallic precipitate strengthened alloys for high field magnet and cryogenic applications. An examination of the data from an intermetallic precipitate strengthened alloys shows that intermetallic precipitate strengthened alloys can be used at cryogenic temperatures and have some superior properties in extreme environments. Based on our experimental data, we developed a new alloy that has even better properties than the current intermetallic precipitate strengthened alloys.
Application of Fine Classified Management in Reducing the Amount Ratios of Antibacterial Drugs in Our Hospital

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the reasonable control of the amount ratios of antibacterial drugs in the medical institutions.METHODS:The fine classified management of antibacterial drugs was carried out in terms of reducing the price,strengthening the monitoring of bacterial resistance,strengthening the management of prescription rights,reducing the risks of adverse drug reactions,reforming information systems,and developing Sunshine Drug System Implementation Details.It was statistically analyzed that the amount ratios of antibacterial drugs and the amount ratios of antibacterial drugs of different prices 6 months before and after fine classified management.RESULTS:The average amount ratios of antibacterial drugs in our hospital were decreased from 26.31% to 16.30% after the fine classified management.The average amount ratios of antibacterial drugs of which prices were ≥0 yuan and 30 yuan,and ≥100 yuan were increased,while antibacterial drugs of which prices were ≥30 yuan and 100 yuan were decreased respectively.CONCLUSION:The fine classified management of antibacterial drugs can reduce the amount ratios of antibacterial drugs effectively.To increase the cheap non-restricted antibacterial drugs and to reduce the expensive non-restricted and the restricted antibacterial drugs can help to reduce amount ratios of antibacterial drugs.
Abstract B15: Semaphorin 7a exerts pleiotropic effects to promote breast tumor progression

Understanding what drives breast tumor progression is of utmost importance for blocking tumor metastasis. We have identified that semaphorin 7a is a potent driver of breast tumor progression. Semaphorin 7a is a GPI membrane anchored protein that promotes attachment and spreading in multiple cell types. We observe that increased expression of SEMA7A occurs in ~45%human breast cancers and its upregulation is associated with decreased overall and distant metastasis free survival. In both in vitro and in vivo models, shRNA mediated silencing reveals roles for semaphorin 7a in the promotion of breast cancer cell growth, motility, and invasion as well as in lymphangiogenesis. Our studies also uncover a relationship between COX-2 and semaphorin 7a expression, and suggest that semaphorin 7a promotes tumor cell invasion on collagen and lymphangiogenesis via activation of β1-integrin receptor. Our results suggest that semaphorin 7a, may be novel target for blocking breast tumor progression. Citation Format: Sarah Black, Andrew Nelson, Natalia Gurule, Bernard Futscher, Traci R. Lyons. Semaphorin 7a exerts pleiotropic effects to promote breast tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
Health care problems of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients.

About 10% of the population is lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.1,2 These people face health care risks that are often not addressed because of lack of knowledge of the patient's sexual orientation, ignorance of specific health care issues, or because the patient feels that the health care professional is homophobic. The goals of this article are to educate health care professionals on specific health care issues faced by this community. Only a limited amount of information is available on health care risks within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender population. Most studies do not address sexual orientation. Fear of stigmatization prevents many people from identifying themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. In addition, many do not seek health care (and are therefore excluded from health studies) because of prior negative experience. As many as two thirds of physicians never ask patients about their sexual orientation.3 Some health care professionals assume that their patients are heterosexual. Others may be homophobic and hostile and prefer to avoid the issue.
Validity of a food frequency questionnaire and a food diary in a short-term recall situation.

The purpose of this study was to compare intakes of eight nutrients computed from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and from 3-day food diaries with known values. Total food intake of 19 healthy adult volunteers (10 men and 9 women) was monitored for 2 weeks. Each week, subjects completed a 3-day diary and a 1-week FFQ. Subjects had previously completed one diary and one FFQ with respect to their usual diets. FFQs and diaries were analyzed for calories, protein, fat, cholesterol, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C. All nutrients were underestimated by the FFQ (all p less than .05). Subjects omitted foods from the FFQ and incorrectly reported consumption frequencies. Vitamin A (p less than .001) and calories (p less than .05) were underestimated by the food diary. It is concluded that factors such as frequency of eating, pairing of foods, and explicitness of FFQ items affect recall accuracy. Those factors could influence the choice of FFQ design and administration.
Transcranial High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Sonothrombolysis in Stroke

To use transcranial-HIFU for sonothrombolysis in stroke is an exciting new research field. The potential of ultrasound-induced thrombolysis within seconds, noninvasively and without the use of a thrombolytic agent, such as tPA, could open a new avenue of how stroke patients might be treated in the future. Especially if the use of tPA could be spared, the approach of transcranial-HIFU sonothrombolysis could provide a true therapeutic option for millions of stroke patients who are today not eligible for tPA or neurointerventional therapies. The first in vitro experiences using this new technology are very encouraging and raise the expectations that this approach might broaden the spectrum of efficient stroke therapies which are so sparse today. The translation into the animal model, however, dampened to some extent the enthusiasm, despite the fact that the amount of data acquired until today is minor and the animal model chosen for this purpose is still in a developmental stage. Besides the technical challenges we encountered during the translation from in vitro into in vivo, the latter reveals the high complexity of thrombolysis research in a live organism. With regard to the knowledge gained using the rabbit carotid artery model we are tempted to draw the following, early conclusions.
Design Engineering for Universal Access: Software and Cognitive Challenges in Computer Based Problem-Solving

Computer-supported problem solving has become ubiquitous in work and home environments. Within an educational context, specifically design engineering, this paper investigates a framework that integrates two aspects of these interactions that influence the outcome of computer based problem solving: software and mind-set involved in the interaction. The review indicates a number of research opportunities for interaction science to enhance problems-solving and is focused primarily on software tools and solutions that enhance cognitive performance for specialized user populations.
Acute Rejection of First-Set Allografts

It might be expected that a transplant of skin that becomes established and assured of adequate blood supply in a new recipient site is likely to survive intact and to resume its normal function. This expectation is only fulfilled under appropriate conditions.
Quantifying future changes in extreme precipitation events based on resolved synoptic atmospheric patterns

Xiang Gao has completed her Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Arizona and Postdoctoral studies from Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere (COLA) Studies. She is currently a research scientist at MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. She has been actively involved in the research projects of NASA EOS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS), and Global Soil Wetness Project Phase 2 (GSWP-2). She is also a member of the Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network Working Group. Quantifying future changes in extreme precipitation events based on resolved synoptic atmospheric patterns
MicroRNAs Associated with Shoulder Tendon Matrisome Disorganization in Glenohumeral Arthritis

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides core support which is essential for the cell and tissue architectural development. The role of ECM in many pathological conditions has been well established and ECM-related abnormalities leading to serious consequences have been identified. Though much has been explored in regards to the role of ECM in soft tissue associated pathologies, very little is known about its role in inflammatory disorders in tendon. In this study, we performed microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis in the long head of the human shoulder biceps tendon to identify key genes whose expression was altered during inflammation in patients with glenohumeral arthritis. We identified differential regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that could be critical in collagen type replacement during tendinopathy. The miRNA profiling showed consistent results between the groups and revealed significant changes in the expression of seven different miRNAs in the inflamed tendons. Interestingly, all of these seven miRNAs were previously reported to have either a direct or indirect role in regulating the ECM organization in other pathological disorders. In addition, these miRNAs were also found to alter the expression levels of MMPs, which are the key matrix degrading enzymes associated with ECM-related abnormalities and pathologies. To our knowledge, this is the first report which identifies specific miRNAs associated with inflammation and the matrix reorganization in the tendons. Furthermore, the findings also support the potential role of these miRNAs in altering the collagen type ratio in the tendons during inflammation which is accompanied with differential expression of MMPs.
Serotonin System Gene Knockouts

To better understand the roles of individual serotonin receptor subtypes in modulating the neural circuitry of complex behavior, a number of groups have generated “knockout” mice lacking individual serotonin receptor subtypes over the last decade. Overall, 10 (at least 14) serotonin receptor subtypes have been knocked out in mice, as well as several genes that regulate the development and activity of serotonin neurons (e.g., Pet-1, the serotonin transporter, and tryptophan hydroxylase). We review these studies, discuss their relevance to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and close with a perspective on where the field may head in the future.
The Law, Policy, and Portrayal of Zero Tolerance School Discipline: Examining Prevalence and Characteristics Across Levels of Governance and School Districts

Reform of school zero tolerance discipline policies is complicated by a lack of systematic evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of such policies. Through document analysis, this study com...
The cell specificity of gene expression in the response to heat stress in corals

ABSTRACT Previous transcriptional studies in heat-stressed corals have shown that many genes are responsive to generalized heat stress whereas the expression patterns of specific gene networks after heat stress show strong correlations with variation in bleaching outcomes. However, where these specific genes are expressed is unknown. In this study, we employed in situ hybridization to identify patterns of spatial gene expression of genes previously predicted to be involved in general stress response and bleaching. We found that tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs), known to be strong responders to heat stress, were not expressed in gastrodermal symbiont-containing cells but were widely expressed in specific cells of the epidermal layer. The transcription factors AP-1 and FosB, implicated as early signals of heat stress, were widely expressed throughout the oral gastrodermis and epidermis. By contrast, a G protein-coupled receptor gene (GPCR) and a fructose bisphosphate aldolase C gene (aldolase), previously implicated in bleaching, were expressed in symbiont-containing gastrodermal cells and in the epidermal tissue. Finally, chordin-like/kielin (chordin-like), a gene highly correlated to bleaching, was expressed solely in the oral gastrodermis. From this study, we confirm that heat-responsive genes occur widely in coral tissues outside of symbiont-containing cells. Joint information about expression patterns in response to heat and cell specificity will allow greater dissection of the regulatory pathways and specific cell reactions that lead to coral bleaching.
The fixers. Devolution, development, and civil society in Newark, 1960-1990

In 1993, the legendary New Jersey-based hip hop group Naughty By Nature selected the abandoned Christopher Columbus Homes public housing high rise as the stark backdrop for a music video that detai...
Outcomes following indomethacin prophylaxis in extremely preterm infants in an all-referral NICU

We examined data from a contemporary cohort of extreme prematurity (EP) infants admitted to an all-referral Children’s Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to determine whether prophylactic indomethacin (PI) may continue to benefit these patients. An observational study utilizing the small baby ICU data registry that was queried for all EP infants admitted between 2005 and 2014 with documentation of PI use (671 total EP infants; 141 (21%) did not receive PI (control); 530 (79%) received PI (PI). This cohort of EP infants was born at outside hospitals and transferred to our level IV NICU with a mean age on admission of 13 days, well after the PI would have been administered. No difference existed between the control and PI groups in gestational age, birth weight, severity of illness, other in-hospital outcomes or developmental delay. PI infants had a significantly lower mortality rate (P=0.0004), lower relative risk (RR) for mortality 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.73, P=0.0001) and lower RR of developing the combined outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98, P=0.012) when compared with the control group. Notably, there was no significant effect of PI on incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or patent ductus arteriosus ligation. PI administration was associated with improved survival in EP infants referred to a level IV Children’s Hospital NICU.
A decomposition approach for stochastic reward net models

Abstract We present a decomposition approach for the solution of large stochastic reward nets (SRNs) based on the concept of near-independence. The overall model consists of a set of submodels whose interactions are described by an import graph. Each node of the graph corresponds to a parametric SRN submodel and an arc from submodel A to submodel B corresponds to a parameter value that B must receive from A. The quantities exchanged between submodels are based on only three primitives. The import graph normally contains cycles, so the solution method is based on fixed point iteration. Any SRN containing one or more of the nearly-independent structures we present, commonly encountered in practice, can be analyzed using our approach. No other restriction on the SRN is required. We apply our technique to the analysis of a flexible manufacturing system.
Leadership and Workplace Bullying: Friend or Foe?

Bame examines if the Servant Leadership Model in creating positive change can counteract the development of a sub-culture of workplace bullying in organizations. The chapter focuses on the three perspectives of characteristics of the workplace bully, servant leadership implications from an employee perspective, and experiences of the victims of workplace bullying. It is possible to apply the Servant Leadership Model to organizations whose culture has developed cases of workplace bullying and effect positive changes to the culture through the attributes of accountability, respect, integrity, and community. More specifically, if organizations adopt the principles of servant leadership, such as ethical behavior, forming relationships, empowering, and helping their followers to grow and succeed, then leadership can create positive change in organizations.
Food Properties and Modeling Approaches of Importance in the Continuous Sterilization of Liquid-Particle Mixtures

Continuous sterilization and aseptic packaging of foods containing particulate matter is an item of considerable interest to the food industries in Europe and the United States. Although the technology has resulted in the marketing of particulate products in Europe, its acceptance in the United States has been limited by regulatory concerns regarding assurance of process safety. The approach to process design has been the development of reliable (and conservative) heat transfer models for process design followed by microbiological verification. Of course, mathematical models can be made as conservative as desired, and it is possible to use safety factors that are too large, that may render the product undesirable, and the process economically unviable. Realistic assumptions require reliable information on various properties, both for the liquid and solid media.
Structural Organization and Function of Polypeptide Subunits in Photosystem I

Photosystem I (PSI) is one of three multi-subunit complexes found in thylakoids of higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria.1 In conjunction with PSII and the cytochrome b 6 -f complex, electrons are transferred from H2O to NADP and accompanying this process, protons are translocated across the thylakoid membrane. This non-cyclic electron transfer system yields NADPH, O2 and a proton gradient, of which the latter is used for the synthesis of ATP. In the overall reaction from water to NADP, PSI catalyzes a light-dependent transfer of electrons between two mobile proteins, plastocyanin and ferredoxin.2,3 The PSI complex differs from PSII and most other photochemical reaction center complexes found in non-O2 evolving organisms in that PSI utilizes a bound electron complex which includes low-potential iron-sulfur centers.
Adolescent Romantic Relationship–Oriented Facebook Behaviors: Implications for Self-Esteem:

Despite the consistent, high use of Facebook among adolescents, few studies have examined how adolescents use Facebook when forming and maintaining romantic relationships. Based on the Internet-enh...
South Willapa Bay Conservation Area, Washington, United States of America

This chapter presents a collaborative public and private landscape forest management plan developed between The Nature Conservancy and the Willapa National Wildlife Refuge to pursue forested watershed restoration across their adjoining 14,161 acres (5,731 hectares) of forestland in southwestern Washington State. The current landscape primarily consists of young, conifer forests (10–60 years) that were historically managed intensively for timber production. Partners identified a mutual goal of restoring young forests to ecologically resemble and function similarly to late-seral forested landscapes of the region. A collaborative landscape management plan was completed in 2007 and included creation of management objectives, assessment of current forest, stream, and road network conditions, modeling of alternative restoration treatments, and a restoration framework. The management plan provided the foundation and structured framework that fostered open communication, effective coordination of activities, and sharing of resources across ownerships to achieve restoration objectives. We discuss the impact of legal, financial, and resource constraints on plan implementation as well as outcomes and lessons learned from planning and early implementation.
In Praise of Amateurs

One of the most appealing aspects of Martin Gardner’s column “Mathematical Games” is its presentation of mathematical problems designed to intrigue amateurs and encourage their personal efforts at solution. By his own insistence, Gardner is an amateur mathematician and gives no special deference to formal mathematical education—his column pays tribute to the efforts of the mathematical “great” and the mathematically unknown, names often appearing side by side with no titles to distinguish one from the other. Amateurs are his most avid followers and enjoy the challenge of matching their wits against others in solving problems. Amazingly, their lack of formal mathematical education is often an advantage rather than a hindrance and their ingenious solutions to problems sometimes top the efforts of the professionals.
Property-Based Resources: Franchise Locations, Stadiums, and Players

For the purposes of the analysis in this book, the RBT has some advantages over both the traditional economics approach and the public choice approach in that it allows one to more explicitly consider the possible role of managerial choice as a variable influencing competitiveness in the pro sport industry. Relatedly, it allows one to more directly consider the notion of resources and, more importantly, the inimitability of these resources, as a source of competitive advantage. While it is clear that, by the very nature of the issue, established leagues possess certain resources that rival leagues do not, it is less clear as to why rival leagues have had such difficulty in imitating these resources. The first task in the analysis is to delineate the set of resources that are critical to pro sports leagues.
Cultural identity and beef festivals: toward a ‘multiculturalism against caste’

Beef festivals are a dramatic and visible form of protest against the Indian government's ban on beef. These festivals are framed popularly as an assertion of Dalit ‘cultural rights’ and identity, ...
The 12 P’s of the Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic

The author presents the "12 P's of the prescription drug abuse epidemic" in the U.S., which include predatory promotion, profligate prescribing, physical pain, psychologic pathology, punishment policies, and pervasive poverty.
Perioperative mortality following radical cystectomy: the slippery slope of complications

The confluence of disease burden, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and an inherently morbid operation make patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer particularly vulnerable. In a recent study by Mossanen et al . (1), the authors explore the effect of complications on mortality following radical cystectomy. The study uses the Premier Hospital Database, a hospital discharge database, to identify patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and concludes that the timing, quantity, and nature of complications affect mortality following surgery.
An International Examination of Inclusion Behaviors, Engagement and Turnover

Organizations face an increasingly complex and dynamic environment that requires drawing upon the skills and knowledge of a diverse workforce to adapt and survive. This study extends existing resea...
Combining Individualized Instruction with the Traditional Lecture Method in a College Algebra Course

ticed an increase in the number of stu dent applicants who are underprepared in the basic skills of reading, writing, and mathematics. At Chapman College, a large percentage of freshmen have been required to take remedial courses in these subjects. Furthermore, many students were not per forming well in the remedial course in In termediate Algebra. To improve the success rate for students in this course, a method for teaching it was developed that com bined individualized instruction with the traditional lecture approach. The method was easy and inexpensive to implement, and it required a minimum of reorganiza tion.
Neoplastic pathology at the crossroads between neck imaging and cardiothoracic imaging

The thoracic inlet is located at the crossroads between imaging of the neck and the chest. Its location is an important anatomic landmark, serving as the central conducting pathway for many vital structures extending from the neck into the chest and vice versa. Many critical body systems, including the respiratory, lymphatic, neurologic, enteric, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and vascular systems, are located within this region. Neoplasms, both benign and malignant, can arise in any of the body systems located in this area. Due to the small size of this anatomic location, pathology is easily overlooked and imagers should be aware of the imaging appearance of these neoplasms, as well as which imaging modality is the most appropriate for neoplasm evaluation. This article will present an image rich, system-based discussion of the neoplastic pathology that can occur in this region. The anatomy of the thoracic inlet and the non-neoplastic pathology of the thoracic inlet have been covered in our companion article.
MRI-based assessment of proximal femur strength compared to mechanical testing

Abstract Half of the women who sustain a hip fracture would not qualify for osteoporosis treatment based on current DXA-estimated bone mineral density criteria. Therefore, a better approach is needed to determine if an individual is at risk of hip fracture from a fall. The objective of this study was to determine the association between radiation-free MRI-derived bone strength and strain simulations compared to results from direct mechanical testing of cadaveric femora. Imaging was conducted on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner using two sequences: one balanced steady-state free precession sequence with 300 μm isotropic voxel size and one spoiled gradient echo with anisotropic voxel size of 234 × 234 × 1500 μm. Femora were dissected free of soft-tissue and 4350-ohm strain-gauges were securely applied to surfaces at the femoral shaft, inferior neck, greater trochanter, and superior neck. Cadavers were mechanically tested with a hydraulic universal test frame to simulate loading in a sideways fall orientation. Sideways fall forces were simulated on MRI-based finite element meshes and bone stiffness, failure force, and force for plastic deformation were computed. Simulated bone strength metrics from the 300 μm isotropic sequence showed strong agreement with experimentally obtained values of bone strength, with stiffness (r = 0.88, p = 0.0002), plastic deformation point (r = 0.89, p
CONTROL OF INTRINSIC BRITTLENESS AND TOUGHNESS OF POLYMERS AND BLENDS BY CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

ABSTRACT The intrinsic brittle/ductile (craze/yield) behaviors of polymers and blends are controlled by two interrelated and complementary chain parameters: entanglement density and characteristic ratio. These chain parameters can be predicted from chemical structure by group additivity. Therefore, the intrinsic brittleness and toughness of polymerds and blends can be controlled by chemical structure.
A call for innovation in fetal monitoring during fetal surgery.

Purpose: A growing number of fetal procedures are performed at specialized fetal care centers for congenital problems that classically would have poor outcomes despite advanced postnatal management. Consistent fetal monitoring is integral to the safety of these challenging and innovative surgeries. However, standardization of fetal monitoring during various forms of fetal surgery has yet to be established.Materials and methods: We searched all articles on literature platforms until August 2019 using the terms "fetal surgery," "fetal monitoring," and "fetal interventions." Titles and abstracts were screened by our coauthors to determine the type of fetal monitoring used in these cases.Results: The search identified 1,625 citations, of which the 50 citations considered most pertinent were included in this review.Conclusions: Fetal monitoring during in utero fetal surgeries continues to be challenging because of limited physical fetal access and technological aspects. Innovations in fetal cardiac monitoring during fetal surgeries have the potential for continuous and high-fidelity hemodynamic and physiologic monitoring, with the goal of early detection and treatment of fetal compromise.
Relations Between Maternal Coping Socialization, Adolescents’ Coping, and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

This study examined the associations among maternal socialization of coping, adolescents’ coping, and adolescents’ symptoms of anxiety and depression. A sample of 120 adolescents (45% female; M = 12.27; 66.7% White, 25% African American, 2.5% Asian American, 5.8% Latino or Hispanic American) and their mothers completed a series of questionnaires in a cross-sectional, multi-informant study. Findings indicate that maternal coping suggestions and adolescents’ coping were both related to adolescents’ anxiety/depression symptoms. Specifically, maternal socialization of secondary control coping messages was negatively correlated with adolescents’ symptoms of depression and anxiety. Adolescents’ use of secondary control coping emerged as the most robust correlate of symptoms, such that the use of secondary control coping was associated with fewer symptoms. The relationship between adolescents’ coping strategies and their symptoms of anxiety/depression was associated with the extent to which mothers encouraged specific types of coping. Specifically, when mothers’ socialization of secondary control coping was low, there was a negative association between adolescents’ use of secondary control coping and symptoms. Furthermore, exploratory analyses suggest that specifically encouraging females to use secondary control coping strategies is adaptive, but how much daughters use secondary control coping has the strongest association with reduced internalizing symptoms. Collectively, the current findings indicate that there is an association between maternal coping suggestions and adolescents’ symptoms of anxiety and depression, and there is a stronger association with adolescents’ coping. Findings emphasize a need for researchers to further clarify the association of maternal coping suggestions with youth coping and adjustment as they navigate interpersonal stressors encountered during adolescence.
Forward and Backward Emission of Two-Photon Laser Induced Fluorescence

Two-photon laser induced fluorescence (TPLIF) in Kr is studied using femtosecond pump-probe technique. Forward and backward radiations have shown different behaviors, which implicate the different physical process for TPLIF in forward and backward direction.
Acute Proteomic Changes in Non-human Primate Kidney after Partial-body Radiation with Minimal Bone Marrow Sparing.

ABSTRACT Near total body exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation results in organ-specific sequelae, including acute radiation syndromes and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. Among these sequelae are acute kidney injury and chronic kidney injury. Reports that neither oxidative stress nor inflammation are dominant mechanisms defining radiation nephropathy inspired an unbiased, discovery-based proteomic interrogation in order to identify mechanistic pathways of injury. We quantitatively profiled the proteome of kidney from non-human primates following 12 Gy partial body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing over a time period of 3 wk. Kidney was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Out of the 3,432 unique proteins that were identified, we found that 265 proteins showed significant and consistent responses across at least three time points post-irradiation, of which 230 proteins showed strong upregulation while 35 proteins showed downregulation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant pathway and upstream regulator perturbations post-high dose irradiation and shed light on underlying mechanisms of radiation damage. These data will be useful for a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of injury in well-characterized animal models of partial body irradiation with minimal bone marrow sparing. These data may be potentially useful in the future development of medical countermeasures.
Nanocrack Detection in Vibrating Nanowires

Crystalline boron (B) nanowires (NWs) have been synthesized by the CVD method with preformed metal catalyst particles. We have experimentally investigated their dynamical resonance (i) and mechanical strength (ii). Both the two independent methods suggest the possible presence of nanocracks in the tested B NWs. Nanocrack detection can in principle be achieved by analytical calculations quantifying crack position and depth.
Implementation and evaluation of an Exercise is Medicine™ on campus week

Abstract Exercise is Medicine™ (EiM) on campus targets physical activity (PA) participation on college campuses. Limited research has addressed how PA initiatives can be operationalized on college campuses. Purpose To describe the implementation of EiM on a large U.S. university campus and present preliminary outcomes on participation and awareness. Methods EiM week was implemented on a large university campus. Exercise stations were set-up at campus locations to encourage brief bouts of PA and educate about the benefits of PA. Evaluation included observations of participation, surveys, and intercept surveys to assess awareness and reach. Results EiM week was implemented during Fall 2013. Exercise stations elicited 1771 exercise bouts from participants. Surveys indicated widespread reach across the university (13 of 17 colleges); most students (50.8%) became aware of the EiM campaign by passing by the exercise stations. Campus intercept surveys 1-week post-event indicated 54% students had heard about EiM, of which 39% had heard/seen the event through messages encouraging exercise. Conclusion The current study was successful in engaging a large, diverse population on a college campus. Lessons learned from the development, implementation, and evaluation of EiM on campus activities provide insight for university campuses looking to target student health and PA participation.
Super-resolution optical nanolithography: Beyond the far-field diffraction limit

We report on overcoming the far-field diffraction limit using an approach that we call Absorbance Modulation Optical Lithography (AMOL).
Ray Traced Virtual Reality

One of the goals of Virtual Reality (VR) has always been the pursuit of more realistic display of virtual worlds. Many algorithms have been developed to add effects to rasterization-based rendering systems, but for many effects ray tracing is still the only method that can accurately simulate them. Algorithmic advances and the power of computer systems in recent years has made ray tracing a feasible alternative to rasterization. This work describes the integration of the real-time ray tracing system Manta into the VR framework system VR Juggler. The results show that it is possible to create ray traced Virtual Environments (VE) running at interactive rates with latencies around 100 msec. This is made possible by using compute clusters, parallelization, high-speed image compression and dynamic scaling of image quality to the desired update rates.
Abnormal orientation bias of LGN neurons in strabismic cats

The reduced visual sensitivity of strabismic amblyopes is often accentuated when they view vertical as opposed to horizontal gratings ("vertical effect"). Earlier attempts to show neurophysiological correlates of the vertical effect in strabismic cats have yielded controversial findings. We now report the results of experiments in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) that clearly demonstrate the reduced sensitivity of X-cells in strabismic cats to vertical gratings as compared to horizontal ones. We conclude that the neural basis for the vertical effect is present at least at the level of the LGN.
Pb-206+n resonances for E=25-600 keV: s-, p-, and d-wave doorway states and M-1 ground-state radiative strength in Pb-207

High resolution neutron transmission and differential scattering measurements have been performed on $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ and the results for $E=25\ensuremath{-}600$ keV are presented. Data analyses were performed utilizing multilevel $R$-matrix codes. Resonance parameters (i.e., $E$, 1, $J$, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$) were deduced for a large fraction of the 223 resonances observed. In addition to the previously known doorway in the $s$-wave channel, the $p$-wave neutron strength function exhibits significant changes near 40 and 145 keV indicative of doorway states in the ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and ${p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ channels, respectively. These results are in good agreement with those observed in a study of the $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$+$n$ reaction. It is suggested that these doorway states arise from a (${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$, ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) particle-core excitation. The $d$-wave strength function shows indications of a doorway at about $E=425$ keV. The latter represents doorway resonances in the ${d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and ${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ channels which probably arise from a recoupling of the particle-core excitation that has been used to explain the $s$-wave doorway. A cumulative plot of the number of $s$-wave resonances vs $E$ shows considerable curvature which indicates an increase of about 12% in the level density per 100 keV of excitation. These data were analyzed in terms of a constant temperature model with a nuclear temperature of about 0.9 MeV. The model reproduced the cumulative plot of $d$-wave resonances reasonably well up to $E\ensuremath{\approx}500$ keV, but underestimated the number of $p$-wave resonances. This indicates a parity dependence of the level density formula for this nucleus. Many of the resonances which had previously been thought to contribute to the ground-state $M1$ radiative strength are in fact formed by $s$ and $d$ waves, and hence, decay by $E1$ radiation. We deduce a considerably smaller amount of $M1$ radiation for ${E}_{x}=6738\ensuremath{-}7340$ keV in $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ than had been reported earlier.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}(n)$, ($n$,$n$), $E=25\ensuremath{-}600$ keV; measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}(E)$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E,\ensuremath{\theta})$. $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ deduced doorway states, resonance parameters, ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}$, neutron strength functions, level densities, $M1$ ground-state radiative strength.
Encapsidation of Sendai virus genome RNAs by purified NP protein during in vitro replication.

Abstract The ability of the Sendai virus major nucleocapsid protein, NP, to support the in vitro synthesis and encapsidation of viral genome RNA during Sendai virus RNA replication was studied. NP protein was purified from viral nucleocapsids isolated from Sendai virus-infected BHK cells and shown to be a soluble monomer under the reaction conditions used for RNA synthesis. The purified NP protein alone was necessary and sufficient for in vitro genome RNA synthesis and encapsidation from preinitiated intracellular Sendai virus defective interfering particle (DI-H) nucleocapsid templates. The amount of DI-H RNA replication increased linearly with the addition of increasing amounts of NP protein. With purified detergent-disrupted DI-H virions as the template, however, there was no genome RNA synthesis in either the absence or presence of the NP protein. Furthermore, addition of the soluble protein fraction of uninfected cells alone or in the presence of purified NP protein also did not support DI-H genome RNA synthesis from purified DI-H. Another viral component in addition to the NP protein appears to be required for the initiation of encapsidation, since the soluble protein fraction of infected but not uninfected cells did support DI-H genome replication from purified DI-H.
A time-domain approach to the measurement of K-factor [transformer derating]

The paper presents a new method for computing the transformer derating or K-factor for a nonsinusoidal load. Based on the time-domain approach, the K-factor is calculated from the ratio of the square of two RMS current measurements. The new algorithm results in much less computational effort than the conventional frequency-domain approach but the accuracy is maintained. >
Finding distractors in images

We propose a new computer vision task we call “distractor prediction.” Distractors are the regions of an image that draw attention away from the main subjects and reduce the overall image quality. Removing distractors—for example, using in-painting — can improve the composition of an image. In this work we created two datasets of images with user annotations to identify the characteristics of distractors. We use these datasets to train an algorithm to predict distractor maps. Finally, we use our predictor to automatically enhance images.
Fouling-release Coatings for Warships

The International Maritime Organisation, a unit of the United Nations, has approved a resolution to phase out and eventually prohibit the worldwide use of toxic organotin antifouling paints. Thus, there is a compelling need to develop, test, and market eco-friendly hull coatings, which effectively keep ships free of fouling. The replacement for tin coatings will likely be lowtoxicity copper-based paints, and various toxin-free fouling-release coatings. This paper reviews the composition and mechanism of action of these coatings and gives the strengths and weaknesses of eacb coating, with the aim of clarifying the impact of these coatings on the operation of warships.
Cell-ELISA using β-galactosidase conjugated antibodies

Cell-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cell-ELISA) is a technique for the rapid, convenient, and quantitative detection of molecules expressed on the cell surface. Here we present an evaluation of beta-galactosidase as an antibody-tag for cell-ELISA. In contrast to substrates for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase, murine splenocytes do not hydrolyze the beta-galactosidase substrate chlorophenolred-beta-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG). beta-Galactosidase-antibody conjugates show much lower background binding to murine T cells than conjugates with HRP or alkaline phosphatase. We describe step-by-step procedures for direct and indirect beta-galactosidase based cell-ELISA to quantitate the expression of molecules on the surface of unfixed, live cells. Variations of the basic protocol are suitable for adherent and non-adherent cells, large scale screening for expression of cell surface molecules, and the screening of hybridomas for production of antibodies to cell surface epitopes. Since relatively few beta-galactosidase conjugated antibodies are commercially available, we describe an efficient method to couple beta-galactosidase to antibodies using a novel water soluble heterobifunctional crosslinker, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC). We demonstrate the utility of this method by conjugating F(ab')(2) fragments of an anti-B7-2 antibody, and using this conjugate to assay B7-2 on Fc-receptor bearing cells.
Implanted Antennas in Medical Wireless Communications

One of the main objectives of this lecture is to summarize the results of recent research activities of the authors on the subject of implanted antennas for medical wireless communication systems. It is anticipated that ever sophisticated medical devices will be implanted inside the human body for medical telemetry and telemedicine. To establish effective and efficient wireless links with these devices, it is pivotal to give special attention to the antenna designs that are required to be low profile, small, safe and cost effective. In this book, it is demonstrated how advanced electromagnetic numerical techniques can be utilized to design these antennas inside as realistic human body environment as possible. Also it is shown how simplified models can assist the initial designs of these antennas in an efficient manner.
Controlled Trial in Dental and Medical Insurance

Medical as well as dental data have been collected from more than 7,000 people in this three-year and five-year controlled trial of cost sharing in dental and medical insurance plans. Demographic information and usage rates are recorded, as is the health status of participants in six US cities.