cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The expression and potential function of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 in bovine trophectoderm

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were first described for their roles in bone formation, but they now also are known to possess additional activities, including those relating to embryogenesis. The objectives of this work were to 1) determine if peri-attachment bovine conceptuses and bovine trophoblast cells (CT1) contain transcripts for BMP2 and 4, an innate inhibitor noggin (NOG), and BMP2/4 receptors (BMPRII, ACVR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B), and 2) determine if BMP2 or 4 supplementation to CT1 cells affects cell proliferation, differentiation or trophoblast-specific gene expression. RNA was isolated from day 17 bovine conceptuses and CT1 cells. After RT-PCR, amplified products were cloned and sequenced. In other studies CT1 cells were treated with BMP2 or 4 at various concentrations and effects on cell viability, cell differentiation and abundance of IFNT and CSH1 mRNA were evaluated. Transcripts for BMP2 and 4 were detected in bovine conceptuses and CT1 cells. Also, transcripts for each BMP receptor were detected in conceptuses and CT1 cells. Transcripts for NOG were detected in conceptuses but not CT1 cells. Cell proliferation was reduced by BMP4 but not BMP2 supplementation. Both factors reduced IFNT mRNA abundance but had no effect on CSH1 mRNA abundance in CT1 cells. The BMP2/4 ligand and receptor system presides within bovine trophectoderm prior to uterine attachment. BMP4 negatively impacts CT1 cell growth and both BMPs affect IFNT mRNA abundance.
Standardization of test structure design

A plan for standardization of test structure design based on a high-level information model is presented. The plan's implementation has dramatically improved the productivity of test chip layout, test software generation, data analysis, and documentation. Design errors, parametric test software defects, and documentation defects have been reduced to negligible levels. >
Long-term effects of mental disorders on employment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up

Purpose Although significant negative associations of mental disorders with employment have been documented in epidemiological research, much of this research was based on cross-sectional samples and focused only on severe and persistent mental disorders. The present study examined the longitudinal associations of more common mental disorders with employment.
Labetalol and cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use.

We appreciate the thorough review of the cardiovascular complications of cocaine by Stankowski et al. [1]. However, their summary of a study investigating the effect of labetalol should be amended [2]. The authors write, “While use of drugs, such as labetalol with both alphaand beta-blocking activity has been proposed to avoid blocking the beta receptor alone, in a single clinical trial, labetalol was found to exacerbate cocaine-induced alpha-adrenergic stimulation and was ineffective at reducing cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction. Study authors speculated that this may be the result of predominant beta-adrenergic blocking activity when labetalol is given at standard doses.” As pointed out in the accompanying Editorial Commentary, Long and Carnes [3] correctly report the results of that study: “In a separate study in cocaine-naive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain, intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg) was given followed by either intravenous labetalol or saline. Labetalol mitigated cocaine-induced increases in mean arterial pressure but failed to alleviate cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction; however, labetalol did not potentiate cocaine's effects on the coronaries.” Long and Carnes also emphasize important differences between beta-blockers, and note that use of combined alphaand beta-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, may be advantageous in cocaine-positive patients. Several studies and case reports have confirmed the safety and efficacy of labetalol and carvedilol in cocaine-positive patients [4–8]. The most recent American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines include
Telling Miller's Tale

The case of United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939), is often cited in gun-control arguments and arguments over the meaning of the Second Amendment. In this Article, we take a close look at Miller, and the arguments made before the Supreme Court. When the decision is read closely and the arguments available (and not available) to the Court are taken into account, the decision is best understood as leaving open the opportunity for courts to adopt the Standard Model reading of the Second Amendment. What Miller plainly does not do is deny that an individual's right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendmentthe holding ascribed to it by most federal courts since 1939.
Juvenile-sex-offender registration: an impermissible life sentence

In a recent series of cases, the US Supreme Court has recognized that "children are different" from adults, concluding that these differences must inform how we treat children accused of serious crimes. If "children are different" when they are charged with homicide and face a possible sentence of life without parole, they are also "different" when they are charged with sex offenses and face the possibility of mandatory lifetime sex-offender registration. The same principles that have led the Court to categorically exempt youths from the death penalty, life without parole for nonhomicide crimes, and mandatory life-without-parole sentences should lead to the abolition of mandatory lifetime juvenile-sex-offender registration. This Essay argues that the Court's reasoning and analysis in recent juvenile-justice cases indicate that mandatory lifetime juvenile-sex-offender registration is ripe for successful challenge. Language: en
Vitamin D deficiency: a nontraditional risk factor in polycystic kidney disease?

polycystic kidney disease comprises a number of genetically disparate disorders including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP). These cystic disorders are characterized by the development and
Abstract 3515: Pathway convergent evolution underscores treatment response to MTOR inhibitors in kidney cancers.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Despite the established role of MTOR inhibitors (rapalogs) in treating advanced kidney cancer, therapeutic benefit varies and predictive biomarkers are lacking. Intratumor branching heterogeneity, a recently discovered hallmark of this disease, has raised concerns about the feasibility of developing genomic biomarkers for targeted agents in kidney cancer. We undertook an outlier approach to interrogate the genetic determinants underlying long-term therapeutic response (>20 months) to rapalogs in 6 patients. An integrated ultra-deep targeted-exome (∼500x) and standard whole-exome (∼100x) sequencing was performed. Additionally, to address intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity, spatially separated tumor specimens from the same individuals were analyzed whenever possible. Multiregional sequencing unveiled surprising MTOR pathway convergent evolution, manifested by MTOR pathway activation by means of distinct genomic events in spatially separate sites of disease within the same individual. Amongst the core components of the MTORC1 pathway, complete functional loss of TSC1 and TSC2, and a hyperactive MTOR mutant were discovered in 4 of 6 long-term responders. Mutations in MTOR Clustered at FAT and kinase domains confer hyperactivity and yet remain sensitive to rapamycin. Here, we affirm intratumor heterogeneity, identify genomic determinants of drug response, and discover pathway convergent evolution in the majority of long-term responders. We propose a “river” model in which intratumor and intertumor clonal heterogeneity in cancer patients evolves like a branching river that converges at critical nodes. These convergent points provide unique opportunities for the treatment of genetically diverged yet functionally converged cancers in any given patient. Citation Format: Martin H. Voss, A Ari Hakimi, Can G. Pham, A Rose Brannon, Ying-Bei Chen, Luis F. Cunha, Oguz Akin, Han Liu, Shugaku Takeda, Sasinya N. Scott, Nicholas D. Socci, Agnes Viale, Nikolaus Schultz, Chris Sander, Victor E. Reuter, Paul Russo, Emily H. Cheng, Robert J. Motzer, Michael F. Berger, James J. Hsieh. Pathway convergent evolution underscores treatment response to MTOR inhibitors in kidney cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3515. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3515
The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America

Americans of the mid-nineteenth century were untiring inventors of cultural and educational institutions. Among the most ubiquitous and important of the agencies they devised to satisfy their seemingly insatiable craving for "useful knowledge" was the public lecture, a form of instruction distinguished from the sermon, speech, and oration as well as from the treatise or essay, though it borrowed from them all. It would be difficult to exaggerate the scale and scope of public lecturing. In New York City there were more than 3,000 advertised lectures between 1840 and 1860, and in 1846 the citizens of Boston could choose from twenty-six different "courses" of lectures. But the lecture was not simply a phenomenon of the large cities. By the early 1840s there probably were between 3,500 and 4,000 communities that contained a society sponsoring public lectures. ' A lecture society was frequently among the first institutions established in a newly formed town. Davenport, Iowa, organized its first lyceum in 1839, for example, just three years after it had been plotted and the same year that it received its charter, held its first elections, and reached a population of about 250.2 Indeed, by the mid-1840s few northern towns of 1,000 or more people lacked at least one association sponsoring lectures. Moreover, the podium was encyclopedic in its range. Among other topics, the
Growth hormone releasing activity in the hypothalamus of rats subjected to prolonged heat stress.

SummaryThe experiment investigated the effect of a high ambient temperature (35.6°) of varying duration on the hypothalamic content of growth hormone releasing activity (GHRA). These experiments consisted of five treatment groups: one group of normals at 24°, one sham-treated group receiving only diluent in which hypothalami were extracted, and three groups, each heatexposed for 1, 24, or 168 hr, respectively. The GHRA was measured by in vivo depletion of pituitary growth hormone (GH) content in 30-day-old rats. Pituitaries of the recipient rats were assayed by the “tibia test” method for GH content. The standard assay was based on three doses of bovine growth hormone (NIH-GH-B12) with a threefold difference between consecutive levels. Growth hormone was evaluated by two parameters: (a) epiphyseal cartilage width, and (b) GH content of the unknown estimated from the response in terms of the reference standard. An exposure to heat for 1 or 24 hr resulted in an enhanced hypothalamic GHRA with a concomitant ...
Abstract 127: Hormonal and reproductive risk factors for fatal breast cancer.

Introduction: Although survival from breast cancer is high (5-year survival: 88%), a subset of breast cancers are ultimately fatal. Pre-diagnosis lifestyle factors may influence which patients will die due to their disease. Examining the incidence of fatal breast cancer specifically is important for elucidating these factors, because most women with breast cancer do not die of the disease, and a specific effect on aggressiveness could be missed. Thus, in the Nurses’ Health Study cohorts (NHS and NHSII), we evaluated risk factors for fatal breast cancer. Methods: Any woman who died due to breast cancer at any time post-diagnosis was considered a fatal case. Hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with incidence of fatal breast cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. NHS and NHSII were combined using meta-analysis. Fatal and non-fatal cases were also compared for heterogeneity using competing risks analysis. For this analysis, we restricted to women who had had 15 years of post-diagnosis follow-up and defined a fatal case as any case for whom death due to breast cancer occurred within 15 years of diagnosis. Results: We documented 1,736 fatal cases of breast cancer over 30 years of follow-up in NHS and 275 cases over 20 years of follow-up in NHSII. Similar to incidence of total breast cancer, increasing parity, younger age at first birth, and older age at menarche, and younger age at menopause tended to be associated with decreased risk of fatal breast cancer (Table). Compared to non-fatal cases, increasing age, age at first birth, age at natural menopause and time since quitting smoking were more strongly associated with fatal breast cancer than with non-fatal breast cancer(p-heterogeneity Conclusion: Increasing age, age at first birth, and time since quitting smoking are more strongly associated with fatal breast cancer, suggesting that these factors may help predict which women are at risk of more aggressive breast cancers. Citation Format: Elizabeth M. Poole, A. Heather Eliassen, Susan E. Hankinson, Bernard A. Rosner, Walter C. Willett, Rulla M. Tamimi, Shelley S. Tworoger. Hormonal and reproductive risk factors for fatal breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-127
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COMMUNITY EVOLUTION I: THE RESPONSE TO SELECTION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL.

Coevolution generally refers to the process of two or more organisms adapting to each other as a result of individual selection. Another possibility, however, is that coevolution may result from selection acting directly at the community level. Certain types of multispecies associations, such as lichens, which are a symbiotic association between an alga and a fungus, are examples of simple two species communities that may be units of selection. The study presented here uses two species communities of Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum in an investigation of selection acting at the community level. Selection at the community level is performed on one trait measured in one species and correlated responses in other traits measured both within species and among species are monitored. I demonstrate that community selection, defined as the differential survival and or reproduction of communities, can result in significant changes in the phenotype of a community. The observed changes in the phenotype of a community as a result of community selection included changes in the trait under selection (direct effects of selection), as well as changes in traits that are not under selection (correlated responses to selection). Furthermore, two types of correlated responses to selection were observed. The first, within-species correlated responses to selection, are changes in a trait measured in one species as a result of community selection acting on another trait measured in the same species. The second, between-species correlated responses to selection, are changes in a trait measured in one species as a result of community selection acting on a trait measured in another species. Between species correlated responses to selection are of particular interest because they cannot be mediated by pathways of gene action that are internal to an individual, rather they can be mediated only through ecological pathways. In other words, between-species correlated responses to selection suggest that genetically based interactions among individuals are contributing to the response to community selection. These among species ecological pathways of gene action cannot contribute to a response to selection at a lower level; thus community selection may be able to bring about a response to selection that is qualitatively different from the response selection that would occur as a result of selection acting at a lower level.
Michael Sam: The Kiss, the Cake, and NFL Draft Day's Love Affair with the Male Body (Working Title)

This commentary explores the root of the virulent reactions to openly gay defensive end Michael Sam’s draft by the National Football League’s St. Louis Rams. Applauding his selection, the commentary offers a detailed analysis of the ESPN video that showed Michael Sam receiving the news with his male partner Vito Cammisano, their kisses, and cake smearing celebration. The essay then posits as a central thesis that it was the “cake play” which caused the most discomfit. In doing so, the essay examines Sam’s selection event through a lens of heteronormative constructs and explains how, for fans and the institution alike, the NFL and Draft Day are sites to perform, recreate, and reinforce masculine discourses. In surfacing the hypocrisy beneath those discourses, the essay also considers the ways in which Sam’s race and sexuality informed reactions to his draft. By integrating communication, interpersonal, and media theory frameworks with feminist and race critiques of masculinity, the commentary is a perspective on what was nothing less than a revolutionary event — the televised admission of an openly gay man into the NFL.
Prolonged disease-free survival in dogs with lymphoma after total-body irradiation and autologous marrow transplantation consolidation of combination-chemotherapy-induced remissions

Abstract Dogs with spontaneous lymphoma were treated with one of three aggressive treatment protocols: (1) combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, L-asparaginase, Oncovin®, and prednisone (CLOP); (2) combination chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, Oncovin®, prednisone, L-asparaginase, and 6-mercaptopurine (MOPA-6); or (3) MOPA-6 followed by total-body irradiation (TBI) and autologous marrow transplantation. Of 14 dogs treated with CLOP, 9 achieved complete remission, but median disease-free survival was only 38 days. Of 57 evaluable dogs treated with MOPA-6, 34 (60%) achieved complete remission. Twelve dogs in complete remission received no additional therapy; median disease-free survival was 73.5 days, and the longest duration of complete remission was 113 days. Seventeen dogs in complete remission received 1100 R TBI followed by infusion of fresh marrow aspirated immediately prior to irradiation. Median disease-free survival was 206 days and was significantly prolonged compared to dogs receiving MOPA-6 alone (p
Is Targeted Biopsy Applicable to Patients on Active Surveillance

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and targeted biopsy (TB) hold the promise of added precision in our approach to staging and classification of prostate cancer. In this issue of European Urology, Ma and colleagues [1] examine the utility of this diagnostic modality in the active surveillance (AS) population. They demonstrate that among patients enrolled in AS at their institution, addition of TB to systematic biopsy (SB) does not add significant benefit in terms of reclassifying patients on confirmatory biopsy or detecting higher-grade disease while on AS. Rather, SB resulted in identification of higher-grade disease more often than TB in the AS cohort: TB led to the diagnosis of Gleason score (GS) 7 in 7/103 patients (6.8%), while SB diagnosed GS 7 in 21/103 patients (20.4%). When combined, TB and SB diagnosed GS 7 in 25/103 patients (24.2%). Despite the lack of benefit in detecting highergrade disease in patients on AS, the authors did identify a number of patients with GS 7 disease detected by combining TB and SB as opposed to SB alone in patients undergoing confirmatory biopsy or presenting for initial biopsy (statistically significant): 3/54 patients (5.5%) in the confirmatory biopsy group and 12/73 patients in the diagnostic biopsy group (16.4%).
Increased depression and metabolic risk in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors

Objective Breast cancer survivors (BCS) are at high risk for the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. There is increasing interest in the association between depression and metabolic dysfunction, which is relevant in this population as depression is often present in the chronic phase of cancer recovery. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic risk in BCS with and without depression compared to non-cancer controls.
Methodology of MRS in Animal Models: Technical Challenges and Solutions

In vivo 1H MR spectroscopy is a unique technique, which is capable of providing neurochemical information from a selected volume of tissue noninvasively. However, the richness and reliability of neurochemical information gained by MRS depends heavily on the data acquisition and processing techniques utilized. What makes the use of MRS in neuroscience and medical research even more challenging is the fact that the most advanced MRS techniques developed in the last 15 years are not routinely provided by MR scanner vendors. This chapter provides an overview of the MRS methodology for studying animal models of human neurodegenerative diseases. The chapter’s subsections focus on MRS data acquisition, processing, and metabolite quantification. The data acquisition section outlines some basic hardware requirements, B0 shimming, water suppression, and localization techniques. The data processing section describes methods applied on acquired MRS data before metabolite quantification, such as frequency, phase, and eddy current correction. The quantification section focuses specifically on LCModel analysis. Finally, some examples, demonstrating the potentials of high-field 1H MRS for neurochemical profiling in mice, are presented.
RLC signal integrity analysis of high-speed global interconnects [CMOS]

Inductive and capacitive coupling effects for high-speed global interconnects are studied via simulation. The impact of inductive coupling on delay and noise is found to be comparable to capacitive effects in high-speed buses. The results indicate that current-return paths are not strictly bounded by wide VDD/GND lines, so that inductive coupling is only partially eliminated by using shield wires. Shielding strategies for noise- and delay-sensitive nets is proposed, considering worst-case switching patterns.
Improved Phase Stability of Formamidinium Lead Triiodide Perovskite by Strain Relaxation

Though formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) possesses a suitable band gap and good thermal stability, the phase transition from the pure black perovskite phase (α-phase) to the undesirable yellow nonperovskite polymorph (δ-phase) at room temperature, especially under humid air, hinders its practical application. Here, we investigate the intrinsic instability mechanism of the α-phase at ambient temperature and demonstrate the existence of an anisotropic strained lattice in the (111) plane that drives phase transformation into the δ-phase. Methylammonium bromide (MABr) alloying (or FAPbI3-MABr) was found to cause lattice contraction, thereby balancing the lattice strain. This led to dramatic improvement in the stability of α-FAPbI3. Solar cells fabricated using FAPbI3-MABr demonstrated significantly enhanced stability under the humid air.
Hysteresis and persistent long-term unemployment: the American Beveridge Curve of the Great Depression and World War II

Long-term unemployment plagued the American economy of the Great Depression. The stigma of a long unemployment spell made reentering employment difficult even during the brisk economic recovery, which lead to unemployment hysteresis and persistently high joblessness. Unemployment figures disaggregated by duration confirm the importance of hysteresis for the Great Depression, as the long-term unemployed were less likely to return to gainful employment until the war. Using the theoretical framework of the Beveridge Curve, I find that hysteresis was a significant problem during the 1930s, but that the essentially unlimited labor demand during the World War II provided jobs even to the long-term unemployed. As a result, labor market conditions in the 1950s resembled those of the 1920s prior to the Depression and so the labor market scars of the Great Depression were healed.
Socio-Technical Drivers for Community Renewable Energy Systems – Analysis of Case Studies from India

Renewable energy sector of India has the potential to be a credible alternative for households and communities. The sector accounts for approximately 13 per cent of the national energy capacity, including technologies such as solar grid/ off – grid generation, wind power, small hydro power, biomass/ biogas, and waste to energy. Statistics related to implementation illustrate the scope of tapping the renewable energy sector comprehensively, esp. for decentralized, household and community level applications. This paper analyses on – ground case studies and projects from various renewable energy categories, specifically the socio – technical and community aspects that play a significant role in successful Renewable Energy Technologies (henceforth RET) implementation. The distilled positive and negative drivers include technical, economic considerations, policy and regulatory, environmental aspects, market/ business models, and social/ community linked aspects. Case studies describe the need for a system based and stakeholder engagement approach where all possible stakeholders and their issues are envisaged and taken into account. Use of an evaluating framework is suggested to ensure successful community models of RETs and mass adoption of renewable technologies.
Pediatric rotational inertial brain injury: the relative influence of brain size and mechanical properties

Head injury is the most common cause of death and acquired disability in childhood. The authors seek to determine the influence of brain mechanical properties on inertial pediatric brain injury. Large deformation material properties of porcine pediatric and adult brain tissue were measured and represented by a first order Ogden hyperelastic viscoelastic constitutive model. A 3-D finite element mesh was created of a mid-coronal slice of the brain and skull of a human adult and child (2 weeks old). Three finite element models were constructed: (1) a pediatric mesh with pediatric brain properties, (2) a pediatric mesh with adult tissue properties, and (3) an adult mesh with adult tissue properties. The skull was modeled as a rigid solid and an angular acceleration was applied in the coronal plane with center at C4/C5. The brain is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. A fourth simulation was analyzed using the adult mesh and adult material properties with a reduced load as proposed by Ommaya (Ommaya et al.1967). Peak maximum principal logarithmic strains (LEP3) were determined in each of the simulations. Overall, brain size and material properties both affected the intracranial tissue deformation field, with brain size having the greater influence. On average, strains in pediatric and adult models produced by loads scaled using Ommaya's relationship (1967) were similar, when material properties were assumed to remain constant. When experimentally obtained material properties of adult and pediatric brain tissue were used in the simulations, the scaled loads produced larger strains in the adult model than the pediatric model.
Basic Concepts and Definitions

For our purposes, three topics within underwater acoustics are of primary interest: the acoustic environment, theories for wave propagation in sediments, and models derived from these theories. This chapter will give an introductory account of each of these topics, giving concepts and definitions essential to later chapters. The intent is to provide more-or-less immediate access to later chapters with minimal introductory reading.
Quality of Service Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

With the continuing advances in computing and wireless technologies, Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) are expected to become an indispensable part of the computing environment in the near future. Wireless devices are constantly growing in computing speed, memory, communication capabilities and features, while shrinking in weight and size. With this growth and the proliferation of these devices in every aspect of society, the need for such devices to communicate in a seamless manner is becoming increasingly essential. Multiple routing protocols have been developed for MANETs [29]. As MANETs gain popularity, their need to support real time and multimedia applications is growing as well. Such applications have stringent quality of service requirements such as bandwidth, delay, and delay jitter. Design and development of routing algorithms with QoS support is experiencing increased research interest. Several approaches which propose various routing algorithms with QoS support for MANETs have been presented in the research. This chapter discusses the issues and challenges of QoS routing in MANETS. Furthermore, a classification of these QoS routing algorithms is presented. The protocols are classified according to the most closely related best effort algorithm, as well as the model and environment they assume, and the communication layer within which they operate.
Abstract 022: Proteasome Inhibition Prevents Renal Inflammation and Hypertension by Abrogation of Dendritic Cell Autoantigen Presentation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be important mediators of hypertension. Isolevuglandins (isoLG) are oxidation products of fatty acids that adduct to lysine residues of proteins. Ou...
Detecting anomalies in longitudinal elevation of track geometry using train dynamic responses via a variational autoencoder

Track geometry is one of the most important health indices in the maintenance of rail tracks. Visual inspection and inspection using a track-geometry car are two common approaches to inspect track geometry. Presently, using accelerations from in-service trains has become a popular track inspection approach, because it is a low-cost way to monitor the rail tracks more frequently. However, due to the noise presented in the collected accelerations, detecting anomalies using manually designed features often results in many false alarms. In this paper, we propose a learning-based anomaly detection approach for monitoring the longitude elevation of track geometry from the dynamic response of an in-service train. We consider the track geometry with a sudden change as an anomaly, measured by the signal energy of slopes of the track geometry. The proposed approach uses a variational autoencoder (VAE) to detect the anomaly. The VAE takes accelerations as input and learns a mapping from the frequency-domain representation of acceleration signals to a low-dimensional latent space that represents the distribution of the observed data. The reconstruction probability, which measures the variability of the distribution of the input data, is used as an anomaly score for indicating how well the input follows the normal pattern. Compared to distance- and density-based anomaly detection methods, such as K-nearest neighbor and clustering, the VAE-based anomaly detection is robust to measurement noise and prevents overfitting because it captures the underlying distribution of the data in a low-dimensional space. Furthermore, the VAE-based method does not require model-specific thresholds for detecting anomalies because it uses a probabilistic measurement instead of reconstruction error as the anomaly score. We validate the proposed VAE-based approach on the vibration dataset from an in-service train. We show that this approach outperforms a baseline model (an autoencoder-based anomaly detection method) in terms of recall, precision, and F1-score. The proposed method also successfully addresses the overfitting problem presenting in recurrent neural network-based methods. The results make the proposed approach a strong candidate for low-cost and frequent track geometry inspection.
Actictis binturong (Binturong)

One pair of small submetacentric autosomes bears a secondary constriction on the short arm. The morphology of this chromosome pair is very similar to that of chromosomes El of domestic cat. Identification of the X is unequivocal.
Donor-Specific Antibodies in the Absence of Rejection Are Not a Risk Factor for Allograft Failure.

Introduction Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are considered an important risk factor for graft injury and failure. However, there is limited information on long-term outcomes for kidney transplant recipients with positive DSAs in the absence of rejection on biopsy. Methods We evaluated all patients at the University of Wisconsin who underwent a kidney allograft biopsy between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. All patients with clinical indication or protocol biopsies that were negative for acute rejection and lacked significant acute pathological features were included in the study and divided into 2 groups based on DSAs at the time of biopsy. There were a total of 1102 kidney biopsies during the study period of which 587 fulfilled our selection criteria (DSA+, n = 192, and DSA−, n = 395). The incidence of subsequent rejection and death-censored graft failure (DCGF) were outcomes of interest. Results There was no difference in acute (i + t + v + c4d + ptc + g = 0 in both groups) or chronic (ci + ct + cv + cg = 2.4 ± 2.2 vs. 2.7 ± 2.4; cg = 0.12 ± 0.48 vs. 0.13 ± 0.48) Banff scores in the index biopsy. Patients were followed for a mean of 33.1 ± 16.8 months. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated a higher incidence of DCGF in DSA− group (n = 83) but this was not observed for subsequent rejection (n = 76). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, the interval from transplant to biopsy, de novo DSA, and younger age remained independently associated with increased risk of subsequent rejection. Notably, there was no association between subsequent rejection or DSA (pretransplant, de novo, persistant, Class I/II, MFIsum, or MFImax) and graft failure. Conclusion This study suggests that in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection and acute inflammation, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DSAs are not associated with increased risk of graft failure.
An NIR emitting styryl dye with large Stokes shift to enable co-staining study on zebrafish neuromast hair cells.

Abstract Hearing loss is a significant public health problem, and the “loss of sensory hair cells” is one of two leading causes in humans. Advanced imaging reagents are desirable for understanding the role of the surrounding support cells in the loss or regeneration of the hair cells. A styryl dye was found to exhibit NIR emission (λem ≈ 684 nm) with a very large Stokes shift (Δν ≈ 9190 cm−1), due to the incorporation of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism. When used to stain live zebrafish embryos, the probe was found to exhibit good selectivity in targeting neuromasts, which are sensory organs on the surface of the fish’s body. The finding was verified by direct comparison with the known neuromast-labeling reagent, 4-Di-2-ASP. In contrast to the existing styryl dyes that label neuromast hair cells, the new probe labeled both neuromast hair cells and the surrounding support cells, while giving discernable signals. The study thus illustrated a useful tool to aid the developmental study of two closely related cell types on the mechanosensory sensory organ of zebrafish, which is a powerful animal model for hearing loss research.
Pubertal Maturation and Trajectories of Depression During Early Adolescence.

Beginning at puberty, prevalence of depression in females rises dramatically. The physical changes of puberty coincide with a period of social flux, during which relationships become less stable and more prone to conflict. While this social upheaval is normatively distressing for girls, it may be especially so for girls with cognitive styles that leave them more susceptible to depression. The present study investigated depressive symptoms at two time points during early pubertal maturation. N = 110 girls (Mage = 11.57, SD = 0.98) reported on depressive symptomology, pubertal maturation, ruminative coping style, frequency of peer conflict, and rejection sensitivity. Multivariate analyses suggest more advanced pubertal development and greater rejection sensitivity at Time 1 predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms at Time 2, after accounting for baseline levels of depressive symptoms and all other social and cognitive correlates of depression. This effect was also found in early maturing girls. Menarche status was not significant. Since menarche occurs toward the end of puberty, results suggest that risk for worsening depression is not associated with completing puberty, or with menstruation itself. Rather, increases in depressive symptoms seem to be associated with physical changes that emerge early in the pubertal transition, especially for early maturing girls, paired with anticipatory concerns about social rejection.
Thermal conductivity characterization of in-situ fabricated polysilicon nanowires for uncooled thermoelectric infrared detectors

A microstructure along with a robust fabrication process is developed for measuring the thermal conductivity (K) of nanowires and thin films. The thermal conductivity of a thin-film material plays a significant role in the thermoelectric efficiency of the film and is usually considered the most difficult thermoelectric property to measure. The lower the K, the higher is the thermoelectric efficiency and hence a higher detectivity can be attained if utilized for infrared detection. We have previously shown high responsivity uncooled thermoelectric IR detectors [1] that utilize polysilicon as the thermoelectric material. To further improve the performance of these devices, it is required to understand how the wire dimensions and different deposition parameters affect the thermal conductivity of polysilicon. The nanowires of this work are formed by patterning a thin layer of low-pressure chemical vapor deposited polysilicon using e-beam lithography. Consequently, the common pick-an-place process followed by deposition of metallic contacts is avoided. As a result a significant source of error in calculating the thermal conductivity is eliminated. Additionally, several serpentine nanowires are fabricated between the two thermally-isolated membranes so that a greater amount of heat, comparable to heat loss through the arms, is transported through the nanowires for a more accurate measurement while the serpentine shape of the wires improves their structural integrity. The K of polysilicon nanowires are measured for the first time and it is shown that for nanowires with a cross section of ~60nmx100nm, the K is ~3.5 W/m.K (a 10X reduction compared to the bulk value of ~30W/m.K [2]).
Wang Jianlin and Chinese investment in global sport

Wang Jianlin, a successful Chinese businessman, is famous in China and around the world. He established Wanda as a real estate company, has served as the chairman of Dalian Wanda Group, and made hi...
Effects of oral administration of 5 immunosuppressive agents on activated T-cell cytokine expression in healthy dogs.

BACKGROUND Dogs are often adminstered >1 immunosuppressive medication when treating immune-mediated diseases, and determining whether these different medications affect IL-2 expression would be useful when performing pharmacodynamic monitoring during cyclosporine therapy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of 5 medications (prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and leflunomide) on activated T-cell expression of the cytokines IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). ANIMALS Eight healthy dogs. METHODS Randomized, cross-over study comparing values before and after treatment, and comparing values after treatment among drugs. Dogs were administered each drug at standard oral doses for 1 week, with a washout of at least 21 days. Activated T-cell expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Blood drug concentrations were measured for cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and leflunomide metabolites. RESULTS Least squares means (with 95% confidence interval) before treatment for IL-2 (2.91 [2.32-3.50] ΔCt) and IFN-γ (2.33 [1.66-3.00 ΔCt]) values were significantly lower (both P < .001) than values after treatment (10.75 [10.16-11.34] and 10.79 [10.11-11.46] ΔCt, respectively) with cyclosporine. Similarly, least squares means before treatment for IL-2 (1.55 [1.07-2.02] ΔCt) and IFN-γ (2.62 [2.32-2.92] ΔCt) values were significantly lower (both P < .001) than values after treatment (3.55 [3.06-4.00] and 5.22 [4.92-5.52] ΔCt, respectively) with prednisone. Comparing delta cycle threshold values after treatment among drugs, cyclosporine was significantly different than prednisone (IL-2 and IFN-γ both P < .001), with cyclosporine more suppressive than prednisone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Prednisone and cyclosporine both affected expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ, suggesting that both have the ability to influence results when utilizing pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine treatment.
Modifying quantum Grover’s algorithm for dynamic multi-pattern search on reconfigurable hardware

Grover’s quantum search algorithm is a highly studied quantum algorithm that has potential applications in unstructured data search, achieving quadratic speedup over existing classical search algorithms. In this work, we propose a modified quantum circuit for multi-pattern quantum Grover’s search algorithm. Our proposed modification simplifies the conventional Grover’s algorithm circuit and makes it capable of processing dynamically changing input patterns. The proposed techniques are demonstrated using reconfigurable hardware architectures that are designed for cost-effective, scalable, high-precision and high-throughput emulation of quantum algorithms. We experimentally evaluate the modified algorithm using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware and provide analysis of experimental results in terms of hardware resource utilization and emulation time. Our results demonstrate successful emulation of multi-pattern Grover’s algorithm using up to 22 quantum bits on a single FPGA, which is the highest and most efficient among existing work. Hardware implementations were performed for up to 32 qubits, and emulation time results of up to 32 qubits were projected using a performance estimation model.
Defining Upcycled Food Products

A Delphi study analyzing responses from food manufacturers affiliated with the Upcycled Food Association (UFA) was used to develop a definition for upcycled food products. Interviews and surveys of...
Meta-analysis comparing temperature on arrival at the referral hospital of newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy cooled with a servo-controlled device versus no device during transport.

BACKGROUND Therapeutic hypothermia reduces mortality and neurological injury for neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate use of servo-controlled devices during transport to the referral hospital. METHODS PubMed and Medline (Ovid) searches were used to identify studies comparing HIE patients' temperatures on arrival at the referral hospital for those cooled with servo-controlled devices versus no device during transport. Random effects models were used to conduct a meta-analysis comparing the two groups' proportion of patients arriving in the target temperature range as well as the mean and variability in body temperature on arrival. Studies' level of evidence and risk of bias were also assessed. RESULTS Eight published studies with total of 573 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a "B" grade of recommendation overall. A significantly higher proportion of infants cooled with a servo-controlled device arrived in the target temperature range (pooled relative risk = 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.46-4.17, p < 0.001). The arrival temperature in the device cooled group was on average 0.82°C lower (95% CI: 0.29-1.35°C, p = 0.002) with an 82% lower temperature variance. CONCLUSIONS Although the predominance of observational studies and presence of some risks of bias somewhat limits the strength of recommendation, the existing research consistently indicates that using a servo-controlled device during transport of neonates with HIE increases the probability of arriving at the referral hospital in the target temperature range, with a lower body temperature and less variability. Future research is needed to investigate differences in mortality and neurological impairment.
Abstract 13670: Single versus Serial Measurements of Cardiac Troponin in the Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Chest pain is among the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) presentations. However, most patients are low risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with low cardiac adverse...
Cephalopod Muscle Structure and Other Musings

Have you ever thought about the muscle structure of cephaplopods and how it differs from other fish and their terrestrial counterparts? I have from a consumer perspective, but I have to admit I hav...
Supersymmetric Microlaser Arrays in Two Dimensions and Beyond

We present a general formalism to apply supersymmetry (SUSY) transformation to two-and higher-dimensional arrays. With such formalism we experimentally demonstrate SUSY-based mode selection and single-fundamental-supermode lasing in evanescently coupled two-dimensional microring laser arrays. Vortex beam from such coherent arrays is also demonstrated.
Investigating Integrated Access and Backhaul on the Aether 5G Testbed

The envisioned dense deployment of millimeter wave small cells threatens to require expensive and potentially disruptive installation of fiber backhaul from each cell location to a Mobile Network Operator’s (MNO) nearest point-of-presence. Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) uses part of the wireless spectrum in lieu of fiber for the backhaul connection, promising to reduce the cost of fiber deployments. But IAB architectures also introduce design challenges and open research questions at multiple protocol layers, ranging from wireless self-interference to multi-hop topology management. To explore these issues we construct a replicable research testbed to investigate systems level architectural and performance issues in multi-hop IAB settings. We show how the Open Networking Foundation’s (ONF) Aether™ platform can be used to emulate alternative wireless backhaul architectures across a range of topologies and radio technologies. Using commercially available Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) radios and small cells, we evaluate the performance of a UE communicating over a multi-hop topology.1