cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining pre-service elementary mathematics teachers' reading of educative curriculum materials

Abstract Educative curriculum materials are intended to support teacher learning. An assumption underlying the design of educative curriculum, however, has been that teachers will read features that are designed to be educative in educative ways. This study investigated what text features 47 preservice teachers (PSTs) attended to in their reading of 5 mathematics lessons from Standards-based curriculum series and how they read those features. We found that PSTs tended to not read educative text feature in potentially educative ways and instead read them in other ways (e.g., descriptively). This study has significant implications for curriculum developers, researchers, and mathematics teacher educators.
High-resolution frequency estimation using generalized coprime sampling

The coprime sampling scheme allows signal frequency estimation through two sub-Nyquist samplers where the down-sampling rates M and N are coprime integers. By considering the difference set of this pair of O(M + N ) physical samples, O(MN ) consecutive virtual samples can be generated. In this paper, a generalized coprime sampling technique is proposed by using O(M + pN ) samples to generate O(pMN ) virtual samples, where p is an integer argument. As such, the existing coprime sampling techniques are represented as a special case of a much broader and generalized scheme. The analytical expressions of the number of virtual samples, frequency resolution and the corresponding latency time are derived. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified using simulation results.
Infinite-Dimensional Bilinear Realizations of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the infinite-dimensional bilinear realizations of nonlinear dynamical systems. The chapter provides an overview of the state of knowledge in the field, from the viewpoint of the Nachbin School of holomorphy, and provides suggestions for further research along the same lines. The chapter focuses on the linear function space realizations of a dynamical system characterized by a state vector x t , governed by the state evolution equation. The Fourier-Borel duality and bilinear realizations of control systems are described in the chapter. The chapter also discusses the analytic evolution equations in Banach spaces such as nuclear, Hilbert-Schmidt, compact and L P in the sense of Dwyer and Dineen, and to real-analytic functions. Finite-dimensional linear, bilinear and linearly controlled analytic systems have been studied.
Equality and Sharing: Views of Household Across the Iron Curtain

Before they reunified, the two Germanies provided a natural experiment in whether law could rectify what many have seen as injustice between men and women in the household. East German legislation mandated that equal hours of housework be contributed by husband and wife, while West Germany allowed the couple to reach any arrangement they chose. This paper explores the predicted and actual consequence of the two regimes for labor force participation, divorce, and equality within marriages.
Changing management in familial polyposis: Role of ileoanal endorectal pull-through

Total colectomy with ileoproctostomy was performed in 32 members of a family spanning three generations and ranging in age from 10 to 54 years. In seven of these patients (22 percent) carcinoma developed in the retained rectum over a median follow-up period of 14 years. This high incidence of rectal carcinoma has demanded reevaluation of treatment recommendations in patients with polyposis coli. Ten patients aged 7 to 30 years have undergone total abdominal colectomy with ileoanal endorectal pull-through since 1980. All were one stage procedures without reservoir construction. Within 3 months the patients all had good control with 5 to 10 semiformed stools daily and had resumed normal activities. Follow-up date shows adequate dilatation of the distal ileum and no evidence of polyps. Total colectomy and ileoanal endorectal pull-through are effective treatment for familial polyposis in patients of all ages. It should be considered the primary procedure in new patients and an excellent method of converting those patients who have ileoproctostomy to a safer situation.
Evidence for Biased IMFs

The accuracy of evolutionary models applied to starburst galaxies is estimated by comparing results from different groups; key parameters appear to be determined only to the factor of two level. Potential errors in the observational constraints for these models are also discussed. The evidence for an IMF biased toward high mass stars seems to be outside plausible errors in either models or observational constraints, at least for a small number of galaxies including M82, NGC 253, NGC 1614, and NGC 7552. Improvements in infrared spectrometers will advance our understanding of this behavior, for example by improving measures of the dynamical masses and by allowing use of Hel lines to constrain the temperatures of the hot stars.
Moving High School Students toward Physical Literacy.

This article addresses teaching for skill and knowledge competency in high school based on the National Standards and grade-level outcomes. The outcomes guide teachers away from a curriculum that emphasizes competition through team sports, which appeals to just the highly-skilled and competitive students, toward one that is inclusive of all skill levels. A mastery climate is essential for cultivating competency and is important for physical activity engagement. In addition, choice in the curriculum is important for high school students, whose developing self-awareness of abilities shapes their interests. When planning and implementing instruction, high school teachers need to incorporate an assessment cycle to ensure that students are progressing toward skill and knowledge mastery. In particular, high school students need opportunities to develop and implement different types of physical activity and fitness plans in consultation with the teacher in order to have the confidence to do so once they graduate...
Uncovering Fraud in Direct Marketing Data with a Fraud Auditing Case Builder

This paper illustrates an automated system that replicates the investigative operation of human fraud auditors. Human fraud auditors often utilize fraud detection methods that exploit structure in database tables to uncover outliers that may be part of a fraud case. From the uncovered outliers, an auditor will build a case of fraud by searching data related to the outlier possibly across many different databases and tables within these different databases. This paper illustrates an industrial implementation of an adaptive fraud case building system that uses machine learning to conduct the search and decision-making process with an automated outlier detection component. This system was successfully applied to uncover fraud cases in real marketing data.
Safety of Infusing Ipilimumab Over 30 Minutes

Purpose The approved dose of ipilimumab is 3 mg/kg infused over 90 minutes; however, in clinical trials, 10 mg/kg has also been infused over 90 minutes. At this higher dose, patients receive 3 mg/kg within the first 27 minutes of treatment. We sought to determine whether the standard dose of 3 mg/kg could be safely infused over 30 minutes. Methods We reviewed retrospectively the incidence of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) to ipilimumab at our institution in patients receiving doses of either 3 or 10 mg/kg infused over 90 minutes. Our findings led to a change in institutional guidelines for ipilimumab infusion time from 90 minutes to 30 minutes. We reviewed the first 14 months of our prospective experience using a 30-minute infusion of ipilimumab. Results Between April 1, 2008, and June 30, 2013, 595 patients received 2,507 doses of ipilimumab infused at either 3 mg/kg (n = 457) or 10 mg/kg (n = 138) over 90 minutes. Although the 10 mg/kg group had a higher incidence of IRRs (4.3%) than the 3 mg/kg grou...
Design of a low-loss series-fed microstrip array antenna

The design and analysis of a series-fed, low-loss, inverted microstrip array antenna, operating at 1.413 GHz is presented. The array antenna is composed of two sub arrays. Each sub array consists of an equal number of microstrip patches all connected together through a series microstrip line. The first element of each sub array is coaxially fed but 180 degree out of phase. This approach ensures a symmetric radiation pattern. The design approach, is accomplished using the IE3D code that utilizes the method of moments. All experimental and simulated data are presented and discussed.
MUTANT OF LAMBDA BACTERIOPHAGE PRODUCING A THERMOLABILE ENDOLYSIN

Campbell, Allan (University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.) and Alice del Campillo-Campbell. Mutant of lambda bacteriophage producing a thermolabile endolysin. J. Bacteriol. 85:1202-1207. 1963.-Endolysin from lambda bacteriophage and a temperature-sensitive mutant thereof was partially purified. The mutant enzyme was distinguishable from the wild type by its greater rate of inactivation by high temperature and by urea. Lysogenic cells carrying the mutant phage did not lyse after induction if kept at 43 C, but, at times around 70 min after induction, rapid lysis occurred following transfer to lower temperatures. This lysis was not inhibited by cyanide or chloramphenicol and therefore probably resulted from enzyme already synthesized at the high temperature. Addition of these inhibitors to the culture at 43 C rapidly destroyed the ability to lyse after a subsequent temperature shift.
Secretin Promotes Osmotic Water Transport in Rat Cholangiocytes by Increasing Aquaporin-1 Water Channels in Plasma Membrane EVIDENCE FOR A SECRETIN-INDUCED VESICULAR TRANSLOCATION OF AQUAPORIN-1

Abstract Although secretin is known to stimulate ductal bile secretion by directly interacting with cholangiocytes, the precise cellular mechanisms accounting for this choleretic effect are unknown. We have previously shown that secretin stimulates exocytosis in cholangiocytes and that these cells transport water mainly via the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that secretin promotes osmotic water movement in cholangiocytes by inducing the exocytic insertion of AQP1 into plasma membranes. Exposure of highly purified isolated rat cholangiocytes to secretin caused significant, dose-dependent increases in osmotic membrane water permeability (P f) (e.g. increased by 60% with 10−7 m secretin), which was reversibly inhibited by the water channel blocker HgCl2. Immunoblotting analysis of cholangiocyte membrane fractions showed that secretin caused up to a 3-fold increase in the amount of AQP1 in plasma membranes and a proportional decrease in the amount of the water channel in microsomes, suggesting a secretin-induced redistribution of AQP1 from intracellular to plasma membranes. Both the secretin-induced increase in cholangiocyte P f and AQP1 redistribution were blocked by two perturbations that inhibit secretin-stimulated exocytosis in cholangiocytes, i.e. treatment with colchicine and exposure at low temperatures (20 and 4 °C). Our results demonstrate that secretin increases AQP1-mediatedP f in cholangiocytes. Moreover, our studies implicate the microtubule-dependent vesicular translocation of AQP1 water channels to the plasma membrane, a mechanism that appears to be essential for secretin-induced ductal bile secretion and suggests that AQP1 can be regulated by membrane trafficking.
The assay of pyruvate kinase activity in blood cells.

Abstract The effect of the reagents used in the dilution and assay of pyruvate kinase (PK) activity in erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets is described. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is shown to influence the enzyme activity in all three blood components of humans and rats. However, this effect is far more pronounced in leukocytes, where a 15-fold stimulation of the PK activity is seen in contrast to the erythrocytes where the stimulation is only 1.3 fold. For platelets, there is an intermediate effect at 5-fold stimulation. Lymphocytes have about one-third the activity of the granulocytes under optimal assay conditions. It is suggested that the assay of erythrocytes should be performed in tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris)-HCl buffer without EDTA to minimize the activity contribution from contaminating leukocytes.
A metallographic study of solidification and segregation in cast aluminum-uranium alloys

Abstract The micromorphology and type of segregation in vacuum-cast ingots of aluminum-uranium alloys, ranging from 5 to 30 weight percent, were studied. The microstructural characteristics are similar to those of aluminum-silicon alloys of the same composition range, except that the aluminum-uranium eutectic was identified as having “chevron” and “rhombic spiral” types of morphology.
A note on maximum Z-scores for control charts for individuals

Control chart limits are often constructed retrospectively based on a sequence of individual measurements. It is shown that the usual control chart limits cannot be crossed for small numbers of measurements.
Bottlenecks and rescue effects in a fluctuating population of golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis)

Mammal species characterized by highly fluctuating populations often maintain genetic diversity in response to frequent demographic bottlenecks, suggesting the ameliorating influence of life history and behavioral factors. Immigration in particular is expected to promote genetic recovery and is hypothesized to be the most likely process maintaining genetic diversity in fluctuating mammal populations. Most demographic bottlenecks have been inferred retrospectively, and direct analysis of a natural population before, during, and after a bottleneck is rare. Using a continuous 10-year dataset detailing the complete demographic and genetic history of a fluctuating population of golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), we analyzed the genetic consequences of a 4-year demographic bottleneck that reduced the population to seven adult squirrels, and we evaluated the potential “rescue effect” of immigration. Analysis of six microsatellite loci revealed that, while a decline in allelic richness was observed during the bottleneck, there was no observed excess of heterozygosity, a characteristic bottleneck signature, and no evidence for heterozygote deficiency during the recovery phase. In addition, we found no evidence for inbreeding depression during or after the bottleneck. By identifying immigrants and analyzing their demographic and genetic contributions, we found that immigration promoted demographic recovery and countered the genetic effects of the bottleneck, especially the loss of allelic richness. Within 3 years both population size and genetic variation had recovered to pre-bottleneck levels, supporting the role of immigration in maintaining genetic variation during bottleneck events in fluctuating populations. Our analyses revealed considerable variation among analytical techniques in their ability to detect genetic bottlenecks, suggesting that caution is warranted when evaluating bottleneck events based on one technique.
Assessing drivers’ performance when automated driver support systems fail with different levels of automation:

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems and lane keeping (LK) systems are two automated driver support systems that serve as convenience systems by changing the role of the driver from a controller to an automation supervisor. These higher levels of automation might impair drivers' performance when the automated systems fail. This study examined how drivers' performance differed when an automated system fails in two different levels of automation; with only LK engaged (lower level automation) and with both ACC and LK engaged (higher level automation). Drivers' performance in conjunction with automated driving was compared in different road conditions (i.e., straight lane, curve lane, and in traffic). In addition, it was expected that drivers' characteristics and attitudes towards automation, such as their automation complacency, interpersonal trust, acceptance of the LK, and trust of the LK would also influence driving performance. RESULTS showed that participants had significantly longer response times to a system failure with a higher level of automation than with a lower level of automation. The higher level automation also led to significantly larger maximum lane deviation when a system failed. In addition, participants with higher level of interpersonal trust had significantly larger maximum lane deviation than participants with lower level of interpersonal trust. Thus, these results suggest that failures of higher levels of automation may lead to poorer driving performance during the detection and recovery from the failure and drivers' level of interpersonal trust affects their detection and recovery from system failures. Language: en
Secure sensor information management and mining

This article describes issues and challenges for secure sensor information management. In particular, we discuss data management for sensor information systems including stream data management, distributed data management for sensor data, sensor information management including mining sensor data, security for sensor databases, and dependable sensor information management such as tradeoffs between security, real-time processing, and fault tolerance. Finally we discuss object-based infrastructures for sensor systems as well as directions for sensor information management.
Hypercoagulability is most prevalent early after injury and in female patients

Background: Hypercoagulability after injury is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Recent studies indicate that there is a gender-specific risk in trauma patients. This study was performed to determine the course of coagulation after injury and to determine whether there is a gender difference. We hypothesized that hypercoagulability would occur early after injury and that there would be no difference between men and women. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria were admission to the intensive care unit, Injury Severity Score > 4, and the ability to obtain consent from the patient or a relative. A Thrombelastograph (TEG) analysis was performed and routine coagulation parameters and thrombin-antithrombin complexes were measured within 24 hours of injury and then daily for 4 days. Results: Sixty-five patients met criteria for entry into the study. Their mean age was 42 ± 17 years and their mean Injury Severity Score was 23 ± 12. Forty patients (62%) were men. The prevalence of a hypercoagulable state by TEG was 62% on day 1 and 26% on day 4 (p < 0.01). Women were significantly more hypercoagulable on day 1 than men as measured by the time to onset of clotting (women, 2.9 ± 0.7 minutes; men, 3.9 ± 1.5 minutes; p < 0.01; normal, 3.7-8.3 minutes). Mean platelet counts, international normalized ratios, and partial thromboplastin times were within normal limits throughout the study. Thrombin activation as measured by thrombin-antithrombin complexes decreased from 34 ± 15 μg/L on day 1 to 18 ± 8 μg/L (p < 0.01) on day 4, consistent with the prevalence of hypercoagulability by TEG. Conclusion: Hypercoagulability after injury is most prevalent during the first 24 hours. Women are more hypercoagulable than men early after injury. The TEG is more sensitive than routine coagulation assays for the detection of a hypercoagulable state.
The perils of unpalatable periphyton: Didymosphenia and other mucilaginous stalked diatoms as food for tadpoles

Proliferations of Didymosphenia geminata are becoming prevalent in rivers around the globe. In the Sierra Nevada of California, Didymosphenia and other taxa that produce mucopolysaccharide stalks (e.g., Gomphoneis, Cymbella) can dominate benthic environments, particularly in the altered hydrologic and thermal regimes downstream of dams. We compared the prevalence of stalked diatoms in paired reaches, one free-flowing and the other regulated, within two Sierran river systems, the American and Feather Rivers. In the regulated reaches, short-term power generation caused daily flow fluctuations and periphyton biovolume was dominated by either Didymosphenia (where hypolimnetic releases created cool summer temperatures) or other stalked diatom taxa (where temperatures were warm). Periphyton assemblages from the unregulated sites were significantly different from the regulated reaches based on biovolume, with Gomphonema being the genus at unregulated sites contributing to the dissimilarities after accounting for...
Numerical Simulations of Non-Newtonian Geophysical Flows Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method: A Rheological Analysis

This paper presents computational results for two-dimensional (2-D) simulations of geophysical flows using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The basic equations solved are the incompressible mass conservation and Navier-Stokes equations, and the discretization is carried out using the SPH method. The simulations are carried out for two problems. The first problem involved a 2-D dam-break problem with mud flow. The second problem involved non-Newtonian flow of deformable landslide on a mild slope. In both the simulations, the flow is assumed to be incompressible. In the present study, the mud flow materials are represented as non-Newtonian fluids with a Bingham model. The effects of the rheological formulation are assessed for the predicted mudflow shape. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data available in open literature. The velocity profiles and the free surface shape are in good agreement with the experimental data. To distinguish between the non-Newtonian model simulations and the Newtonian model, the dam-break simulations were also carried out using water and Newtonian models. The simulations reveal several distinctive flow features between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian approaches. The results of the simulations are of engineering interest in mitigation of natural hazards such as debris flows.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Fast Simulation of Complicated 3-D Structures Above Lossy Magnetic Media

A fast numerical method is presented for the simulation of complicated 3-D structures, such as inductors constructed from Litz or stranded wires, above or sandwiched between the planar lossy magnetic media. Making use of its smoothness, the quasi-static multilayer Green's function is numerically computed using finite differences, and its source height dependence is computed using an optimal Toeplitz-plus-Hankel decomposition. We show that a modified precorrected fast Fourier transform method can be applied to reduce the dense linear algebra problem to near-linear time, and that frequency-dependent setups can be avoided to result in a considerable speed-up. Experimental verifications are made for a 16-strand Litz wire coil realistically modeled down to each individual strand. Results are obtained in 2-3 h, showing an excellent agreement to measurements, and can be used to study the impact of transposition patterns in Litz wire construction.
Properties of Ge-doped GaAs and Al x Ga 1-x As, Sn-doped Al x Ga 1-x As and Si-Te-doped GaAs

In order to better understand the electrical and optical properties of GaAs and AlxGa1-x As used in making double heterojunction lasers, we have studied the Hall coefficient, resistivity and photoluminescence behavior of doped epitaxial samples of these materials. In particular, we report results on Ge-doped GaAs and Alx Ga1-x As, Sn-doped AlxGa1-x As and Si-Te-doped GaAs single crystal layers which were grown on GaAs substrates by the liquid phase epitaxial method. The effects of impurities in the solution on the carrier concentration, mobility, photoluminescence spectra and possible recombination processes in these layers are discussed.
A comparison of the effects of U.V. irradiation on 5-ribosyluracil with those on uridine and thymine.

Abstract A study of the comparative effects of u.v. irradiation on 5-ribosyluracil with those on uridine and thymine shows the behavior of 5-ribosyluracil to resemble that of thymine rather than uridine. Irradiation of ribonucleic acids which contain 5-ribosyluracil as a component results in the irreversible photolysis of the 5-ribosyluracil. Such irreversible change of 5-ribosyluracil may be responsible for the lethal and mutagenic effects of u.v. light in those systems involving the ribonucleic acids which contain 5-ribosyluracil. In view of the multiple effects of u.v. light on pyrimidines, certain studies on the influence of alkali have been conducted in order to find explanations for these effects.
Interaction of mammalian ribosomes with cellular and viral RNA's

Abstract Rapidly labeled cellular RNA, unlike RNA labeled under steady-state conditions, forms detectable complexes with mouse L cell ribosomes. Specific interactions at ~50S and ~100S are seen when the products are examined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. 2-Amino-adenosine and cycloheximide, potent inhibitors of protein biosynthesis, block these interactions. RNA from Mengo virus also enters into association with ribosomes, and a 5OS ribosome-RNA complex may also be demonstrated. These data suggest a selective affinity of natural messengers, both endogenous and viral, for the smaller subunit (~45S) of the animal cell ribosome.
The single server queue in discrete time-numerical analysis II

This paper deals with the stationary analysis of the finite, single server queue in discrete time. The following stntionary distributions and other quantities of practical interest are investigated: (1) the joint density of the queue length and the residual service time, (2) the queue length distribution and its mean, (3) the distribution of the residual service time and its mean, (4) the distribution and the expected value of the number of customers lost per unit of time due to saturation of the waiting capacity, (5) the distribution and the mean of the waiting time, (6) the asymptotic distribution of the queue length following departures The latter distribution is particularly noteworthy, in view of the substantial difference which exists, in general, between the distributions of the queue lengths at arbitrary points of time and those immediately following departures.
Fracture simulation for anisotropic materials using a virtual internal bond model

Abstract A virtual internal bond (VIB) model for isotropic materials has been recently proposed to describe material deformation and fracture under static and dynamic loading situations. Fracture simulation using an isotropic VIB model, is made possible by incorporating a cohesive type law, inspired by atomistic-level interaction among particles into a hyper-elastic framework at the continuum level. Thus, fracture is built directly into the constitutive formulation. The numerical implementation of the model into a finite element scheme and the determination of model material parameters was described in detail in [Eng. Fract. Mech. 71 (2004) 401]. In this paper, the isotropic model is extended for the fracture simulation of anisotropic materials. This is done by introducing a bond density function at the atomistic level, that can model a variety of anisotropic materials. The bond density function is modeled by spherical harmonics expansions. The derived anisotropic model is implemented as a material model subroutine in ABAQUS and used to perform fracture simulations in anisotropic materials. Simulations and results of comparisons with the isotropic model are presented in this paper.
Coupled eigenmode theory applied to thick mask modeling

Coupled eigenmode (CEM) theory is presented and applied to the 3D modeling of a line-space reticle. In this approach, the electric field inside a line-space reticle is described in terms of an orthogonal set of eigenmodes of Maxwell's equations. The diffraction of light by the reticle can then be expressed as a coherent sum of diffraction orders produced by each eigenmode independently. Fresnel transmission, overlap of eigenmodes with diffraction orders and propagation through the mask are shown to be the interactions that determine the complex amplitude of the diffraction orders produced by each mode. CEM is then applied to the cases of a binary mask and an att-PSM under dipole illumination. It is shown that the behavior of contrast with pitch and mask bias is primarily affected by the propagation loss of the eigenmodes, which increases for smaller trench widths. In the case of the binary mask, this attenuation causes one eigenmode to become dominant and the resultant image approaches the perfect imaging of a single eigenmode. In the case of att-PSM, this attenuation causes a detuning of the transmission and phase, and thus, the image contrast is degraded.
Existence Theorems II

Our main purpose in this chapter is to show that Theorems 6.36 and 6.37 remain true even if we replace the assumption of finite connectivity of the components of \( {mathbb{S}^2}\backslash C\,(F,\,\overline Y ) \) by the weaker assumption that each of these components be countably connected. We shall do this by an inductive method, starting with finite connectivity of a component Ω of \( {mathbb{S}^2}\backslash C\,(F,\,\overline Y ) \), and then allowing the family of components of \( {mathbb{S}^2}\backslash \,\Omega \) to become more and more complicated.
Cloning and analysis of fs(1) Ya, a maternal effect gene required for the initiation of Drosophila embryogenesis

The maternal effect locus fs(1) Ya is required for the fusion of the apposed sperm and egg pronuclei (syngamy) following fertilization in Drosophila. It is tightly linked to another complementation group, fs(1) Yb, needed for both oogenesis and embryogenesis. We have isolated a set of overlapping cloned sequences in the 3B4-6 region of the X chromosome encompassing the fs(1) Ya-fs(1) Yb region. A single 2.4 kb maternal transcript is encoded with-in this region, and an 8.5 kb DNA fragment that contains this transcript complements both fs(1) Ya and fs(1) Yb mutations. Northern and in situ hybridization analyses show that the maternal transcript is only present in nurse cells and oocytes beginning in previtellogenic stages, and is evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of 0–2 h syncytial embryos. The transcript is not detected in later stages of embryonic development. This expression pattern correlates closely with the genetic and developmental characteristics expected of the fs(1) Ya gene product.
Providing file storage & web space for students: which path to take?

Since December 1996, Northwestern University has provided students, staff, and faculty with a small amount of online space for web development. Since that time, much has changed in the web-publishing world: most notably, users have become more web-savvy, and web pages have become more complex and graphics-heavy. Is providing members of the University community with 4 MB really a benefit anymore?.Northwestern has the perfect opportunity to reevaluate its "Pubweb" service because the current hardware machine will be ending its maintenance contract. In addition to web publishing space, the University has been evaluating the need for ubiquitous network file storage for its students, faculty and staff. This seems to be a service that would be valuable in a well-wired community.However, web hosting and network storage are both commodity services easily available on the Internet. Some of these services are still freely available, but unfortunately, several of the larger vendors in these areas haven been forced to abandon the idea of free storage and adopt a subscription-based model.Northwestern has therefore been faced with a two-fold dilemma: (1) should the University continue to provide web-publishing space? and (2) should the University expand its service to include file storage space? If so, what is the most stable, cost-effective solution for a mixed-platform computing environment? Perhaps even more importantly, how critical are such services in the pursuit of becoming a well-wired university?.Although Northwestern has not yet implemented a solution, the paper will evaluate the storage options under consideration (i.e., in-house solutions including Windows 2000 Server, UNIX, and NAS, as well as outsourcing solutions), and explore the greater issue of whether network storage is a valuable service for the University community.
Climate change and the insurance industry: the cost of increased risk and the impetus for action

Abstract A convincing economic argument for taking action to prevent or ameliorate climate change has not developed because of both uncertainty about the degree of change and its timing. Recent costly weather-related catastrophes with consequent negative impacts on the insurance industry has made the insurance industry a potential advocate for slowing what has been identified as a causal factor in climate change: emissions of greenhouse gases. However, rising costs of claims, without a longer-term trend of such catastrophic losses, will make it difficult to present a strong case for taking costly economic action. Using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model, it is shown that increasing levels of climate variability as embedded in the anticipated variability of damage to insured assets will have an immediate economic cost that could serve to bolster the argument for more immediate action. That cost is shown to be economically justified higher insurance premiums.
Positive Effects of SH2 Domain-containing Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 on Epidermal Growth Factor- and Interferon-γ-stimulated Activation of STAT Transcription Factors in HeLa Cells

SHP-1 (also known as PTP1C, SHPTP-1, SHP, and HCP) is an SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase. We have stably overexpressed the native form and a catalytically inactive cysteine to serine mutant of the enzyme, SHP-1-(Cys → Ser), in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Following stimulation of the cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interferon-γ (INF-γ), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) activity was analyzed by using two 32P-labeled DNA probes, namely hSIE which is derived from a high affinity mutant form of the serum-inducible element in the c-fos promotor and GAS which resembles the INF-γ activation site. EGF induced hSIE binding activity only, and the activity was suppressed by ∼70% when the inactive mutant form of SHP-1 was expressed but was essentially unaffected by expression of the native enzyme. INF-γ treatment resulted in appearance of both hSIE and GAS binding activities. While expression of the inactive mutant reduced the activities by 30–50%, the native enzyme caused a 20–30% increase. Consistent with effects on STAT activation, altered SHP-1 expression also affected EGF-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway; expression of SHP-1-(Cys → Ser) inhibited activity of MEK by ∼25%, whereas expression of SHP-1 resulted in a ∼25% increase. Further studies revealed that overexpression of SHP-1 caused decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and that EGF induced phosphorylation and recruitment of SHP-1. Together, the data suggest that SHP-1 is positively involved in EGF- and INF-γ-induced STAT activation in non-hematopoietic HeLa cells and that, in the EGF signaling system, SHP-1 functions at least partly by modulating tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor.
Tiling with sets of polyominoes

Abstract The definitions and lattice hierarchy previously established for tiling regions with individual polyominoes are extended to finite sets of polyominoes. The problem of tiling the infinite plane with replicas of a finite set of polyominoes is proved to be logically equivalent to Wang's “domino problem,” which is known to be algorithmically undecidable. Several different ways of extending the notion of rep-tility from single polyominoes to sets of polyominoes are discussed. Some related results of Ikeno regarding tiling with polyiamonds (shapes composed of equilateral triangles) are mentioned.
Characterization of the neisserial lipid-modified azurin bearing the H.8 epitope.

Summary The pathogenic Neisseria have multiple genes encoding proteins that bind monoclonal antibody (MAb) H.8. We previously reported the cloning and sequencing of a meningococcal gene (laz) encoding an H.8 Mab-binding protein with a consensus lipoprotein processing site, an N-terminal domain containing the epitope for H.8 MAb binding, and a C-terminal domain with extensive similarity to the sequences of azurins from other organisms. In the current study, we showed that the product of the cloned gene could be labelled with palmitic acid, that it was subject to globomycin-sensitive processing, and that it was immunologically cross-reactive with azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All neisserial species tested, both pathogens and commensals, produced a protein recognized by anti-azurin serum. Southern blots with oligonucleotide probes specific for the azurin domain of the gene showed that it was present in a single copy in the chromosome; it was highly conserved in gonococci and meningococci, and less conserved in commensal Neisseria species.
“Making History Go” at a Local Community Center: Popular Media and the Construction of Historical Knowledge among African American Youth

Abstract As a range of critical pedagogues have argued, the curricula that young people are exposed to today has broadened immeasurably, due to the ever-increasing prevalence of popular media texts and cultures. The implications for social studies educators here is far ranging though little explored. In this paper, I look at how historical knowledge is mediated to young people in popular culture, how young people choose to mobilize such knowledge, and the consequences they face therein. Focusing on the film Panther (1995) (about the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense), and drawing on a series of focus groups with African American adolescents at a local community center, I look closely at what popular texts young people resonate with as well as how they pick them up and deploy them to deal with historical contingencies, here a proposed march in town by the Ku Klux Klan. I stress, throughout, the importance of looking, in concrete and situated ways, at how young people make history relevant in the here an...
Time-resolved resonance raman spectra and decay kinetics of triplet anthracene in fluid media☆

Abstract Reported here are the time-resolved resonance Raman spectra and decay kinetics of the lowest triplet state ( 3 B 2u + ) of anthracene- h 10 and anthracene- d 10 molecules in fluid media at room temperature. The triplet population (≈3 × 10 −5 M) is observed to decay at microsecond times by triplet—triplet annihilation. Vibrational assignments for the observed Raman bands are proposed.
Horner syndrome associated with implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of Horner syndrome that occurred after implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 6-year-old female with cerebral dysgenesis and intractable partial seizures presented with Horner syndrome after vagus nerve stimulator implantation. CONCLUSION: Horner syndrome can occur as a result of the vagus nerve stimulator implant procedure and should be included as one of its possible surgical complications.
BEYOND THE PALE: JOHN CUSACKE AND THE LANGUAGE OF ABSOLUTISM IN EARLY STUART BRITAIN

John Cusacke, an Irish gentleman who was educated on the continent and worked on the fringes of the court of wards, constructed a striking re-reading of kingship, law, colonial government, and parliament in a series of tracts written between 1615 and 1647. His writings provide insight both into seventeenth-century colonial theory and early Stuart political thought. Shaped in the cauldron of Irish land struggles and continental political thought, Cusacke rejected Old English constitutionalism, arguing instead that Ireland was a colonial dependency of England. Further, to gain royal favour for various projects, Cusacke recast contemporary conceptions of parliament and common law, rejecting the centrality of custom, insisting that the king was the law maker and vigorously attacking Sir Edward Coke. Cusacke's writings reached the libraries of James I and Charles I, and their officials Sir Robert Naunton, master of the court of wards, and attorney-general Sir Robert Bankes. Cusacke's tracts graphically demonstrate the existence of an absolutist political discourse in early Stuart Britain applied not to issues of theology or of international law but to domestic politics.
Coronavirus HKU1 infection in the United States.

In 2005, a new human coronavirus, HCoV-HKU1, was identified in Hong Kong. We screened respiratory specimens collected from December 16, 2001, to December 15, 2002, from children <5 years of age who tested negative for respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, influenza virus, and adenovirus for HCoV-HKU1 by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Overall, 1,048 respiratory specimens from 851 children were tested, and 9 HCoV-HKU1–positive children (1%) were identified, 2 of whom had 2 positive specimens. Children who had HCoV-HKU1 infection had evidence of either upper or lower respiratory tract infection or both. Two patients had disease beyond the respiratory tract. HCoV-HKU1 was identified from December 2001 to February 2002. Sequence analyses suggest that a single strain was circulating. HCoV-HKU1 is therefore likely circulating in the United States and is associated with upper and lower respiratory tract disease.
Phase II study of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin (esorubicin) in advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

4 ′-deoxydoxorubicin (DxDx) was administered to 17 patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days. 15 eligible patients with a Karnofsky performance status of 50% or better (median: 70%) received at least one course of treatment; a median of 2 courses of DxDx was delivered (range 1 to 13). The median dose per treatment course was 26 mg/m2 (range 8.5 mg/m2 to 53 mg/m2). 69% of patients required dose reduction following the first course of therapy due to grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression, primarily neutropenia. The principal side effects included anemia, mild gastrointestinal toxicities, and alopecia; one patient experienced a 10% decrease in cardiac ejection fraction without clinical cardiac toxicity. Of the 15 patients assessable for response and toxicities, 1 patient had a partial response lasting 2.5 months. The median survival from the time of the first treatment was 3.3 months. We conclude that DxDx has only limited activity in the treatment of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma.
Pyrochemical separation of lanthanide and actinide metals.

Abstract A highly efficient group separation of lanthanide and actinide metals can be effected by molten salt extraction of the lanthanide fraction(s) from a solution of actinide and lanthanide metals dissolved in molten copper-magnesium alloy. The extraction salt used for this separation is 50 m/o MgCl 2 , 30 m/o NaCl and 20 m/o KCl, and the composition of the solvent metal alloy is approximately 20 to 30 mass-percent magnesium in copper. At 800 °C, the distribution coefficient (K d ) for +3 laanthanide chlorides varies from 150 to 70 while the distribution coefficient for the +3 actinide varies from 4.5 to 6.0. At 20 mass percent magnesium, the ratio of K d is about 30 between Cerium (150) and Americium (4.5). With these large differences in K d , a simple batch extraction can be used to separate Cerium from Americium. The lanthanide elements are extracted into molten salt phase as the +3 chloride salt and the equivalent mass of magnesium metal is deposited in the immiscible metal alloy phase. After separation of phases which can be performed mechanically after cooling, or be decantation at elevated temperature, the pure lanthanide metal can be recovered from the salt phase by reduction with calcium metal at 800 °C. The lanthanide metal is formed as a high-density-powder bottom-phase, which can be converted to a molten liquid by the addition of zinc. After retorting, the pure lanthanide metals are recovered as metallic sponge.
understanding and counseling transgender clients

Because transgender individuals experience widespread employment discrimination, counselors need to understand and be able to work with members of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities. The aim of this article is to help counselors become more transgender literate by (a) defining gender dysphoric disorder and related terms; (b) discussing the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of gender dysphoria; (c) highlighting career realities faced by transgender employees; (d) touching upon legal issues pertaining to transgender workers; and (e) offering a few suggestions to counselors working with transgender clients.
Estimation of isolation times of the island species in the Drosophila simulans complex from multilocus DNA sequence data.

BACKGROUND The Drosophila simulans species complex continues to serve as an important model system for the study of new species formation. The complex is comprised of the cosmopolitan species, D. simulans, and two island endemics, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. A substantial amount of effort has gone into reconstructing the natural history of the complex, in part to infer the context in which functional divergence among the species has arisen. In this regard, a key parameter to be estimated is the initial isolation time (t) of each island species. Loci in regions of low recombination have lower divergence within the complex than do other loci, yet divergence from D. melanogaster is similar for both classes. This might reflect gene flow of the low-recombination loci subsequent to initial isolation, but it might also reflect differential effects of changing population size on the two recombination classes of loci when the low-recombination loci are subject to genetic hitchhiking or pseudohitchhiking METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS New DNA sequence variation data for 17 loci corroborate the prior observation from 13 loci that DNA sequence divergence is reduced in genes of low recombination. Two models are presented to estimate t and other relevant parameters (substitution rate correction factors in lineages leading to the island species and, in the case of the 4-parameter model, the ratio of ancestral to extant effective population size) from the multilocus DNA sequence data. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In general, it appears that both island species were isolated at about the same time, here estimated at approximately 250,000 years ago. It also appears that the difference in divergence patterns of genes in regions of low and higher recombination can be reconciled by allowing a modestly larger effective population size for the ancestral population than for extant D. simulans.
Accessibility of American University Special Education Departments' Web sites

In the last 20 years, the World Wide Web (Web) has gone from being the means of disseminating information for a few scientists to a universal means of disseminating information across the globe. While the Web provides an unprecedented level of access to information for many, if not properly designed, Web sites can actually create a number of barriers to information access to persons with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility of home pages of University Departments of Special Education. A total of 51 Special Education departmental Web sites were located using a popular online search engine and evaluated for accessibility. Two Web site evaluation programs were used to determine whether the Web sites meet minimum accessibility guidelines, and one of them was used to quantify the number of accessibility errors on each site. The results indicated that most (97 %) of the pages evaluated had accessibility problems, many (39 %) of which were severe and should be given a high priority for correcting. The good news is the majority of errors can easily be corrected. The work reflects a need for Departments of Special Education to examine the accessibility of their home pages. Direction for improving accessibility is provided.