cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Other Proteins Interacting with XP Proteins

Genetic defects in Nucleotide excision repair (NER) lead to the clinical disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) in humans which is characterized by dramatically increased sensitivity to UV light and a predisposition to development of skin cancers.1,2 NER is a major mechanism of DNA repair in cells for the removal of a large variety of bulky DNA lesions induced by environmental genotoxic agents and chemicals. The molecular basis of XP has been attributed to mutations in any of the eight XP genes, XPA through G whose products are required for NER-mediated removal of DNA damage and XP-variant (XPV). The XP proteins involved in NER can be divided into three groups based on their activity in the NER process. XPA, XPC and XPE are required for sensing DNA damage and initiating the repair process. XPB and XPD, components of the basal transcription factor TFIIH, are helicases that create a DNA strand opening surrounding the adducted base(s) during NER. XPG and XPF are the endonucleases that perform the dual incisions to release the damaged strand and allow resynthesis using the nondamaged strand as a template.3, 4, 5 Protein-protein interactions are integral for the correct assembly of the pre-incision complex and for the positioning of the nucleases prior to incision. However, these proteins have been found to form complexes with other proteins not directly involved in the NER mechanism. This chapter describes these proteins and their interactions and discusses their effects on the XP proteins, DNA repair, and genome stability.
The Intersection Between Reality and Virtual Reality: An Interview with Professor Jeremy Bailenson

Professor Bailenson earned his B.A. Cum Laude in Cognitive Science from the University of Michigan in 1994. He went on to earn his M.S. and Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from Northwestern University in 1996 and 1999 respectively. After receiving his doctorate, he spent four years at the Research Center for Virtual Environments and Behavior at the University of California, Santa Barbara as a Post-Doctoral Fellow and then an Assistant Research Professor. Bailenson’s main interest revolves around the concept of digital human representation in the context of immersive virtual reality. Notably, he is the founding director of Stanford University’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab. Professor Bailenson is also the author of the book Infinite Reality: Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. In addition, Professor Bailenson’s findings have been published in over 90 academic papers in the fields of communication, computer science, education, law, political science, and psychology and the National Science Foundation has funded his research.Currently, Professor Bailenson is an Associate Professor at Stanford University’s Department of Communications and is the Director of Graduate Studies for Stanford’s Doctoral Program in Communications. In addition, he is the Associate Professor by courtesy in the Program in Symbolic Systems. Professor Bailenson is also a Senior Fellow in Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment.
Intellectual Property Litigation Clearinghouse: Data Overview

The Intellectual Property Litigation Clearinghouse (IPLC) will be a comprehensive online information source on IP lawsuits. Modeled on the renowned Stanford Securities Class Action Clearinghouse, the IPLC will host general statistical information, as well as text-searchable dockets, complaints, select motions, judicial opinions, and related data.
Factors affecting emulsion stability and quality of oil recovered from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of soybeans

The objectives of the present study were to assess how the stability of the emulsion recovered from aqueous extraction processing of soybeans was affected by characteristics of the starting material and extraction and demulsification conditions. Adding endopeptidase Protex 6L during enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of extruded soybean flakes was vital to obtaining emulsions that were easily demulsified with enzymes. Adding salt (up to 1.5 mM NaCl or MgCl(2)) during extraction and storing extruded flakes before extraction at 4 and 30 degrees C for up to 3 months did not affect the stabilities of emulsions recovered from EAEP of soy flour, flakes and extruded flakes. After demulsification, highest free oil yield was obtained with EAEP of extruded flakes, followed by flour and then flakes. The same protease used for the extraction step was used to demulsify the EAEP cream emulsion from extruded full-fat soy flakes at concentrations ranging from 0.03% to 2.50% w/w, incubation times ranging from 2 to 90 min, and temperatures of 25, 50 or 65 degrees C. Highest free oil recoveries were achieved at high enzyme concentrations, mild temperatures, and short incubation times. Both the nature of enzyme (i.e., protease and phospholipase), added alone or as a cocktail, concentration of enzymes (0.5% vs. 2.5%) and incubation time (1 vs. 3 h), use during the extraction step, and nature of enzyme added for demulsifying affected free oil yield. The free oil recovered from EAEP of extruded flakes contained less phosphorus compared with conventional hexane-extracted oil. The present study identified conditions rendering the emulsion less stable, which is critical to increasing free oil yield recovered during EAEP of soybeans, an environmentally friendly alternative processing method to hexane extraction.
Measuring Agglomerate Size Distribution and Dependence of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Absorbance on Gold Nanoparticle Agglomerate Size Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Agglomeration of nanoparticles during measurements in relevant biological and environmental media is a frequent problem in nanomaterial property characterization. The primary problem is typically that any changes to the size distribution can dramatically affect the potential nanotoxicity or other size-determined properties, such as the absorbance signal in a biosensor measurement. Herein we demonstrate analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as a powerful method for measuring two critical characteristics of nanoparticle (NP) agglomerates in situ in biological media: the NP agglomerate size distribution, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorbance spectrum of precise sizes of gold NP agglomerates. To characterize the size distribution, we present a theoretical framework for calculating the hydrodynamic diameter distribution of NP agglomerates from their sedimentation coefficient distribution. We measure sedimentation rates for monomers, dimers, and trimers, as well as for larger agglomerates with up to 600 NPs. The AUC size distributions were found generally to be broader than the size distributions estimated from dynamic light scattering and diffusion-limited colloidal aggregation theory, an alternative bulk measurement method that relies on several assumptions. In addition, the measured sedimentation coefficients can be used in nanotoxicity studies to predict how quickly the agglomerates sediment out of solution under normal gravitational forces, such as in the environment. We also calculate the absorbance spectra for monomer, dimer, trimer, and larger gold NP agglomerates up to 600 NPs, to enable a better understanding of LSPR biosensors. Finally, we validate a new method that uses these spectra to deconvolute the net absorbance spectrum of an unknown bulk sample and approximate the proportions of monomers, dimers, and trimers in a polydisperse sample of small agglomerates, so that every sample does not need to be measured by AUC. These results demonstrate the potential utility of AUC to characterize NP agglomeration and sedimentation for nanotoxicity and biosensor studies, as well as to characterize NP agglomerate size and absorbance to improve LSPR and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based biosensors.
Reactions of nucleophiles with cationic bridging alkylidyne complexes

Abstract The reaction of the μ-methylidyne complex {[Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CH)}+ PF6− (1) with C6H5(CH3)2SiLi and CuI produced [Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CO)[μ-CHSi(CH3)2C6H5] (4). Reaction of p-tolyl carbyne complex {[Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CO)(μ-CC6H4-p-CH3)}+ BF4− (13) with nucleophiles NEt4+HFe(CO)4− and Li(CH3CuCN) gave μ-alkylidene complexes [Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CO)(μ-CHC6H4-p-CH3) (14) and [Cp(CO)Fe]2-(μ-CO)[μ-C(CH3)C6H4-p-CH3] (15), respectively. Treatment of ethylidyne complex {[Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CO)(μ-CCH3)}+ BF4− (7) with Li(CH3CuCN)·BF3 produced μ-alkylidene complex [Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CO)[μ-C(CH3)2] (17). Hydride abstraction from 17 by Ph3C+ PF6− produced the μ-alkenyl complex {[Cp(CO)Fe]2(μ-CO)[μ-η1,η2-C-(CH3)CH2]}+ PF6− (18).
Antihyperlipidemic activity of phthalimide analogues in rodents

Phthalimide analogues have been shown to effectively lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats and mice. The mode of action of these agents was not to suppress the appetite of animals, but rather to reduce the activities of key enzymes in the early synthesis of liver cholesterol and fatty acids in the triglyceride pathway. Phthalimide analogues were effective in accelerating biliary excretion of cholesterol and blocking its absorption from the gut. After 16 days dosing, it was evident that higher levels of lipids were being excreted than in control mice. The major serum lipoprotein fractions were reduced in cholesterol, triglyceride, and neutral lipid content, but not phospholipid content in rats after 14 days of administration.
Asymmetric partisan advantage and limited strategic calculation: Why Republican challengers appear unresponsive to national partisan trend

The notion that electorally experienced House challengers are guided by estimates of electoral prospects' influence on their probability of victory is now familiar (Jacobson and Kernell, 1983; Jacobson, 1987, 1989, 1990). Recently, Jacobson (1989, 1990) also uncovered a puzzling asymmetry in strategic behavior: experienced Democratic challengers are responsive to national performance indicators, but not Republican. It seems, however, highly unlikely that strategic behavior is asymmetric. I assume the increase national partisan trend gives to a candidate's electoral prospects is tied to district competitiveness; therefore, any competitive advantage should result in a greater boost in the electoral prospects for the advantaged party. It follows that a lopsided reward for partisan trend should also offer a greater incentive for electorally experienced candidates of the advantaged party to challenge House incumbents. I test, and the findings support, the hypothesis that Democrats enjoy this advantage. The results offer strong circumstantial evidence for the explanation of Jacobson's puzzle.
Fibrates: What Have We Learned in the Past 40 Years?

The prominent use of fibric acid derivatives has lessened over the years because of unimpressive results in major clinical trials, safety concerns, and the emergence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). Clofibrate was widely used in the 1970s, but after publication of results from two major trials demonstrating only modest reductions in the rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) and concerns regarding an increase in the frequency of gallstones and overall mortality, its use subsided dramatically. With the introduction of gemfibrozil in the 1980s came a renewed interest in the class, which was also supported by the published results of the Helsinki Heart Study; however, despite a significant reduction in CHD events and a sound safety profile, overall mortality was comparable to that with placebo. Again, in the 1990s, awareness of the fibrates was heightened with the availability of fenofibrate and the findings of another major trial using gemfibrozil, the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial (VA-HIT), which demonstrated impressive results in reducing cardiovascular events. To further strengthen the VA-HIT results, numerous post hoc analyses were performed on the data of major trials of fibrate therapy among patients with mixed dyslipidemia, with similar findings. Recently, however, data from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study were published, indicating mixed results. Nearly 40 years after the introduction of the fibrates, practitioners are still contemplating the role of these agents in the treatment of CHD.
On a Birth‐and‐Death Process Induced Distribution

A type of distribution induced by the linear birth-and-death processes is useful in modeling certain biological phenomena. In addition to extending some existing results, new findings are presented concerning the mathematical properties of the distribution.
Histamine release by fire ant (Solenopsis) venom.

Abstract Venoms from the fire ants Solenopsis invicta and S. geminata were free of detectable histamine but caused histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. On a per ant basis, venom from S. invicta ( ed 50 = 0·12 venom reservoirs/ml ) was four times as potent as venom from S. geminata ( ed 50 = 0·54 venom reservoirs/ml ). Hexane extracts of venom and a synthetic piperidine were as effective as the venom itself in producing histamine release, indicating that the piperidines in the venom are responsible for most of the activity. Intradermal injection of venom from S. geminata into human subjects produced dose-dependent wheals and subjective responses (itch and/or pain). Ten nanograms of histamine produced effects approximately equivalent to the venom of a single ant and the antihistamine diphenhydramine significantly reduced the wheal and subjective responses to the venom. It was concluded that histamine release plays a major role in the action of fire ant venoms.
Childbearing women's perceptions of nursing care that promotes dignity.

Objective: To gain an understanding of the perceptions of childbearing women about the maintenance of dignity while laboring and giving birth. Design: Descriptive qualitative study. Setting A university community in the western United States. Patients/Participants: Twenty low‐risk primiparous women who had recently given birth to healthy term neonates. Main Outcome Measures: Semistructured audio‐taped interviews were conducted in the homes of participants using an interview guide. Results: The following themes were identified: (a) nurses played a pivotal role in preserving dignity during childbirth, (b) women appreciated feeling valued and respected, and (c) dignity was enhanced by nursing care that gave women their preferred level of control. Conclusion: Nursing behaviors that demonstrate valuing and respect of childbearing women are essential in preserving the quality of the birth experience.
INCOME AND PRICE ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND FOR WATER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

ABSTRACT: The income and proce elasticity of demand for domestic water is estimated for Penang Island, Malaysia. A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample of 1400 households indicated an income-elasticity of zero for low-income families (per capita income less than US$300) and an elasticity of 0.2-0.4 for higher-income families. A time-series analysis of a subsample of individuals of varying income levels suggests a short-run price elasticity of -0.1 to -0.2. The implications of these results for demand forecasting are discussed.
Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging: Use in Peripheral Laser‐Assisted Angioplasty

The proliferation of sophisticated endovascular interventions is mandating more definitive and comprehensive documentation of atherosclerotic lesions and the results of the interventional devices used in their removal. A technique with a potential to fulfill these goals, intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS), was evaluated against pressure gradients, arteriography, and femoral-radial indices in 11 patients with stenotic iliac lesions. The two-dimensional, real-time scans were useful in measuring pre-and posttreatment cross-sectional diameters and luminal areas for procedural assessment. Furthermore, the ultrasound scans clearly identified arterial wall calcifications, iliac veins, soft plague formations, dissections, synthetic graft anastomoses, and intravascular stents, often with definition superior to arteriography. The IVUS technique was useful in selecting interventional therapies, in particular, the need for stent implantation to control intimal flaps. Further, IVUS demonstrated its ability as a substitute for contrast arteriography in a twelfth patient with an iliac stent in whom a protocol-dictated follow-up arteriogram was contraindicated.
Photochemical Doping of an Adaptive Mix-Conducting p−n Junction

Existing photovoltaic junctions typically contain only electronic charge carriers, and they rely on the built-in electronic asymmetry between constituent materials to separate photogenerated electrons and holes. In this Letter, we report the observation of a photovoltaic response and photochemically induced near-infrared absorption from a mixed ionic−electronic junction constructed from two intrinsic polyacetylene ionomers with oppositely charged mobile counterions. We propose that the asymmetry in ionic charge carriers across the junction leads to the separation of photogenerated carriers and the in situ photochemical doping of both ionomers under illumination. Unlike purely electronic junctions, the doping level of mixed ionic−electronic junctions can change adaptively with light intensity due to the interaction between ionic and electronic carriers. The unique working mechanism of mix-conducting junctions could be used for designing solar cells and adaptive photoelectronic devices.
Normal left ventricular performance in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: a Doppler echocardiography study.

To determine if chronic hypophosphatemia causes myocardial dysfunction, we explored one model for this metabolic derangement by prospectively investigating 11 patients (aged 5-18 years) with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) by M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography. Inorganic phosphate and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) treatment was withheld 72 h prior to study. None of the patients had cardiovascular symptoms. Fasting serum inorganic phosphate concentrations were subnormal in all: 2.6 + 0.5 mg/dl (SD). Serum total and ionized calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and creatine kinase myocardial fraction (CK-MB) levels were unremarkable. Electrocardiograms revealed early repolarization abnormalities in 3 of the 11 patients: 1 had significant QT prolongation (corrected for heart rate), and 2 had T wave abnormalities. Exaggerated U waves occurred in 4 subjects. Resting echocardiograms were normal in 9 patients. In 1 subject there was mitral valve prolapse, and 1 patient possibly had an atrial septal defect (these findings were considered unrelated to hypophosphatemia). All M-mode measurements were normal. The two-dimensionally derived end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes were 60.3 + 18.0 and 20.5 + 6.9 ml, respectively. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 66.1 + 4.7%, and the cardiac index by Doppler study was 4.1 + 0.8 liters/min per m2 (both values were within normal limits). Although the precise pathogenesis of XLH is unknown and our findings suggest that some electrocardiographic abnormalities may be common in this disorder, we found no evidence for left ventricular dysfunction in this human model of clinically significant long-standing hypophosphatemia.
Rituals and Beliefs Ingrained in World Language Pedagogy: Defining Deep Structure and Conventional Wisdom

Why are so many teachers still not using communicative methods or making communicative language teaching (CLT) a part of their daily instructional approach? Many world language teachers seem to posses certain beliefs about language teaching, and perform particular rituals, which emphasize rote grammar learning and translation. Teachers’ beliefs, based on their values and experiences, significantly influence their methods. Deep structure, molded by conventional wisdom shared by teachers, constitutes a barrier that inherently makes it difficult to change world language pedagogy. Teachers need support from inside and outside their classrooms to try new methods in order to break away from rituals and beliefs world language teachers have valued for centuries.
Impulsivity in adults: Motor inhibition and time-interval estimation.

There is a need for the development of behavioral measures of impusivity in order to elucidate the specific qualities of impulsive persons. The relationships between two behavioral measures of impulsivity and several personality inventories frequently used to assess inpulsivity were examined using 40 male Ss. The behavioral measures involved a motor-inhibition (MI) task and time-interval (TI) estimation. The personality measures included the Extraversion (E), Psychoticism (P) and Neuroticism (N) scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Barrat's Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and Gough's Socialization Scale (So). Significant relationships between MI scores and E, BIS and a proposed dimension of impulsivity obtained by the formation of E-P quadrants were found. In addition, performance on this task was related to So, P and E-N quadrants in the predicted directions. The consistency of these results supports the use of this task as a behavioral measure of impusivity in adults. Although personality inventory scores were not related to estimations, significant (negative) correlations were obtained between TI estimations and MI scores. The results indicate that TI estimation by itself is not an adequate measure of impulsivity, but does have implications for understanding impulsive behavior. Language: en
Theory of an atom laser

Superconductivity, superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and laser amplification are all examples of a general mechanism involving the stimulated transfer of bosons into a specific quantum state. When the occupation number of the state is large, this mechanism may generate a macroscopic coherence for the state amplitude. In this paper, we demonstrate that the stimulated transfer of bosonic atoms into a given state of an optical or a magnetic trap can give rise to a coherent atomic source in analogy with the photon laser and we present a general model for such a device.
Promoting ‘Epistemic Fissures’: Disability studies in teacher education

Historically, teacher education in special education has focused on identifying characteristics of various disabilities and promoting best practices for intervention and remediation. This article introduces a disability studies approach to teacher education in special education. Disability studies is an interdisciplinary area of study that utilizes the lenses from social sciences and humanities to view disability from personal, social, cultural, historical, critical, and literary perspectives. Pre‐service teachers who took such a course were interviewed with regard to their views on disability and inclusion. The results suggest: (1) the importance of providing a disability studies approach to future teachers; and (2) ways in which disability studies in teacher education can continue to be developed.
Quantitative materials characterization using air-coupled leaky Lamb waves

Air-coupled ultrasonic materials characterization has been accomplished in composite plates through accurate reconstruction of the transmission coefficient using leaky guided waves. The spatial and frequency dependencies of the transmitted leaky waves have been measured for a variety of composite plates including aluminum-aramid and graphite-epoxy. Furthermore, a general method has been introduced to reconstruct the transmission coefficient experimentally from a one-dimensional transducer position scan, obtaining a synthetic focused aperture by summing measured signals for many transmitter-receiver separations and transducer incident angles. These results have been employed to deduce, with high precision, the transmission coefficient of the plate over the frequency and angular bandwidths covered by the measurements. The high degree of accuracy in the measured transmission coefficient has been exploited to construct an efficient inversion algorithm to estimate the viscoelastic material propeties and/or sample thickness.
Real Time Curve Extrapolator for Fixtureless Inspection of Freeform Surfaces

The inspection of free-form surfaces is an important task in manufacturing process control. This task motivated researchers to develop methodologies and technologies for fixtureless inspection. The motivation for performing fixtureless inspection rises from the fact that a datum or an exact fixture is not always available for free-form objects. When datum and fixtures are not present, the location and rotation of the object in space relative to the sensor coordinate system are unknown. Thus, scanning along a proper trajectory is not trivial especially when dealing with high precision sensors with small depth of field (DOF). In this paper we introduce a theoretical scheme for real time curve extrapolation. This scheme performs real time automatic adjustment to the sensor depth of field by smoothly changing the position of the sensor. The proposed scheme can handle local C1 discontinuity (C0 continuity). In the proposed scheme, the velocity of the motion stages can be controlled by the curvature of the extrapolated curve, thus controlling the density of the sampled data. Also, no knowledge of the surface orientation and location is needed nor any reference plane or other datum. The scheme was tested using computer simulation that was developed for this purpose. The robustness of the scheme is shown at the end of this paper through simulation results using high order polynomial surfaces as test cases.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Laboratory analysis of a naturally occurring gas hydrate from sediment of the Gulf of Mexico

Intact natural gas hydrate of structure II made up more than 80% of the water present in nearbottom core material recovered from the Gulf of Mexico. Solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance with magic-angle spinning gave resolved lines from ethane, propane and isobutane and apparently from methane in the two sizes of cage in the hydrate lattice. Low-temperature dielectric loss peaks were assigned to reorientation of encaged propane, isobutane, H2S and CO2 molecules.
Magnetic Properties of the Low-Lying Hadrons

It is proposed that the effective magnetic moment of quarks in hadrons should have an anomalous moment contribution because of the magnetic coupling of the photon to three or more gluons. We estimate this nonperturbative effect phenomenologically and find strong evidence for it from the measured decay rates $V\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the observed magnetic moments of baryons.
HMGB1 preconditioning: therapeutic application for a danger signal?

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor released extracellularly as a late mediator of lethality in sepsis and as an early mediator of inflammation following injury. In contrast to the proinflammatory role of HMGB1, recent evidence suggests beneficial applications of HMGB1 in injury states. One such application is the use of HMGB1 as a preconditioning stimulus. Preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby a low level of stressful stimuli confers protection against subsequent injury. Preconditioning has been demonstrated in multiple species, can be induced by various stimuli, and is applicable in different organ systems. Only with the recent introduction of the concept of endogenous molecules, such as HMGB 1, as signals and mediators for inflammation during injury states has the use of endogenous molecules been investigated for this use. This review will focus on the use of endogenous molecules, specifically HMGB1, as a preconditioning stimulus and its mechanism of protection, as well as other protective applications for HMGB1.
An optimized system for studies of EPO-dependent murine pro-erythroblast development.

Abstract Objective Objectives were to develop new means to isolate useful numbers of primary progenitor cells and to quantitatively assay the stepwise maturation of erythroblasts. Methods Approaches involved dosing mice with thiamphenicol (TAP) to yield staged cohorts of pro-erythroid cells; optimizing conditions for their EPO-dependent in vitro growth and survival; developing assays for CFU-E maturation; analyzing stage-specific transcript expression; and expressing a heterologous, erythroid-specific tag (EE372) in transgenic mice. Results Per TAP-treated mouse, 3 × 10 7 highly EPO-responsive erythroid progenitor cells were generated that represented up to 30% of total splenocytes and showed strict dependence on EPO for survival, growth, and immediate response gene expression. In this developing cohort, a tightly programmed sequence of gene expression was observed, and maximal expression of c-kit, EPO receptor, and β-globin transcripts occurred at 72, 96, and 120 hours post–TAP withdrawal, respectively. Also, the newly discovered erythroid-specific dual-specificity kinase, DYRK3, was revealed to be expressed at a late CFU-E stage. In vitro, these progenitor cells matured stepwise from high FALS Ter119 − cells (24-hour culture) to high FALS Ter119 + cells (24–36 hours) to low FALS Ter119 + maturing erythroblasts (40–48 hours) and sharp differences in their morphologies were observed. Finally, a MACS-based procedure for the purification of erythroid progenitor cells from TAP-treated EE372 transgenic mice also was developed. Conclusions A comprehensive new system for isolating large numbers of primary murine erythroid progenitor cells and quantitatively monitoring their development is established that should serve well in investigations of endogenous and pharmacological regulators of red blood cell development.
Synthesis and characterization of a 12. 6Å calcium silicate hydrate

Abstract A 12.6A calcium silicate hydrate was synthesized by reacting amorphous silica and calcium oxide in the presence of a large excess of NaOH at 80–98°C. This new synthetic phase was characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. These techniques showed that the above phase belongs to the tobermorite family. The 12.6A phase transformed to 10.6A phase by dehydration at room temperature and further dehydration at 100°C resulted in a 9.3A phase. The 12.6A phase exhibited a cation exchange capacity of 130 meq/100g but showed little or no Cs selectivity.
Two Paths to Peace: Contrasting George Mitchell in Northern Ireland with Richard Holbrooke in Bosnia–Herzegovina

At first glance, one might expect great similarities between the approaches of two U.S. third parties, both white male Democrats, who acted during the 1990s to resolve two ethnic and religious-based conflicts in Europe. Yet, although each man achieved a substantial measure of success, at least in the short to medium term, a closer comparison of their approaches along a number of strategic dimensions serves to illustrate dramatic differences in the ways and means of third party actions. This article details such a comparison, and in the process sharpens the existing literature on international mediation and calls into question easy generalizations about the determinants of success by third parties in these kinds of conflicts.
Current trends in psychological research on children with high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder.

Purpose of reviewThis review explores current trends in the literature during 2004 on psychological studies of children with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Studies are reviewed that examine diagnostic dilemmas and methodological concerns, cognitive and social deficits, and interventi
The dehydration of methylbutyraldehyde catalyzed by fluorine modified SmNa-Y zeolites

Na-Y zeolites exchanged with samarium (III) were modified with various loadings of fluorine using NH4F. These zeolites were found to be effective catalysts for the selective dehydration of methylbutyraldehyde to isoprene. These results are compared with other acid zeolite catalysts.
Inferior Mesenteric Vein: Gray-Scale and Doppler Sonographic Findings in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Portal Hypertension

he inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) drains venous outflow from the embryologic hindgut (i.e., distal transverse colon to proximal rectum) to the portal system. Whereas radiologists are familiar with the cross-sectional appearance of the IMV on CT and MRI [1– 3], I know of no report of the sonographic appearance of the IMV, despite descriptions of the sonographic features of the inferior mesenteric artery [4, 5]. In our practice, the IMV is routinely visualized on sonography when the pancreas is not obscured. Familiarity with the sonographic anatomy of the IMV minimizes the risk that this vessel will be mistakenly identified as the splenic vein and is useful in the evaluation of patients with portal hypertension. This article presents the sonographic appearance of the IMV in healthy subjects and in patients with portal hypertension.
Preventive Control of Pythium Root Dysfunction in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens and Sensitivity of Pythium volutum to Fungicides

ABSTRACT Pythium root dysfunction (PRD), caused by Pythium volutum, has been observed on golf course putting greens established with creeping bentgrass in the southeastern United States since 2002. To evaluate preventative strategies for management of this disease, a 3-year field experiment was conducted in Pinehurst, NC on a ‘G-2’ creeping bentgrass putting green. Fungicide treatments were applied twice in the fall (September and October) and three times in the spring (March, April, and May) in each of the 3 years. Applications of pyraclostrobin provided superior preventative control compared with the other fungicides tested. Azoxystrobin and cyazofamid provided moderate control of PRD in two of three seasons. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the disease suppression provided by pyraclostrobin was due to fungicidal activity or physiological effects on the host. In vitro sensitivity to pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, cyazofamid, mefenoxam, propamocarb, and fluopicolide was deter...
MALE AND FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY ABOUT STATISTICS ARE NOT REFLECTED IN PERFORMANCE

In two introductory statistics courses (consisting of 70 women and 28 men over-all), women indicated significantly more anxiety about taking the course than men, but performed as well as the men in both courses.
167 Algal Monitoring Studies on Remote Tropical Pacific Reefs

Coral reefs of US-held islands in the central Pacific Ocean are among the most pristine in the world and represent over 93% of the reef systems under United States jurisdiction. The remote location of many islands has limited past algal research, resulting in incomplete understanding of species diversity, quantity, and ecology. Starting in 2000, the Coral Reef Ecosystem Investigation (CREI) began rapid ecological assessments on many Pacific island reefs to monitor ecological changes in reef biota over time. During the past year, algal efforts have concentrated on the French Frigate Shoals (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands) where we have increased the number of algal species reported by 1000%. Additionally, species new to science, including Acrosymphyton brainardii and Scinaia huismanii, have been described. Quantitative field sampling using a photoquadrat method is revealing species of the green algae Halimeda and Microdicyton to be ecological dominants in many areas during late summer/early autumn. Preliminary analyses with Primer software show species composition and abundance of all benthic organisms to differ significantly between most field sites sampled. Additional benthic habitat mapping of Pacific island reefs by CREI researchers is breaking the long-held paradigm that macroalgal cover is minimal in healthy tropical reef systems. Videotape analyses of benthic communities often find over 50% algal cover from 1 to 20 meter depths in many locations. Common ratios of macroalgae, turf algae, and crustose coralline algae to corals, other benthic organisms and substrate types on US Pacific reefs are being calculated for the first time.
Variability in predator-prey experiments: simulation using a stochastic model

Simulation of several actual predator-prey experiments was carried out, using a stochastic version of the Lotka-Volterra equations. Great variability was found from run to run, with occasional extinction of either predator or prey with the same parameters. It is suggested that single experimental runs are very unreliable for parameter estimation, multiple replicates of experiments being necessary. It was not found necessary to postulate such mechanisms as hiding places for most experimental results, the discrete stochastic equations being adequate for this purpose.
Hemodynamic effects of nitrous oxide administered during cardiac catheterization

To assess the effects of nitrous oxide on hemodynamics and left ventricular function in man, 30 patients (24 of whom had coronary artery disease) were studied at the time of cardiac catheterization. Left ventricular peak-systolic pressure and end-diastolic volume showed no significant change during nitrous oxide inhalation. The maximum rate of pressure rise declined slightly, but left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ejection fraction were unchanged. Heart rate and cardiac index declined modestly. The pressure-rate product and left ventricular minute work index decreased, suggesting a decline in myocardial oxygen requirements. These data suggest that nitrous oxide inhalation does not produce important depression of left ventricular performance. The consistent decrease in the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand suggests that use of this analgesic agent may be helpful in patients with coronary heart disease. (JAMA243:1440-1443, 1980)
Rotational behavior of the main-sequence stars and its plausible consequences concerning formation of planetary system. II.

Statistical models based on truncated Maxwell distributions of original stellar angular momenta, discussing main sequence star rotational behavior and planetary system formation
Least-squares fit to some NMR functions☆

Abstract A general method for least-squares fitting of data to a known function of two or three variables is reviewed. Its application to certain functions important in NMR spectroscopy is presented.
A comparison of evolutionary rates of the two major kinds of superoxide dismutase

Phylogenetic trees were constructed for 25 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases and 31 Mn/Fe superoxide dismutases. The latter set includes seven new sequences that we determined in an effort to make the two phylogenies equally representative. We analyzed all pairwise differences in each set in an attempt to estimate rates of change. As reported by others, the Cu-Zn enzyme has experienced significant changes in its evolutionary rate. In contrast, the clock for the Mn/Fe enzyme is ticking quite regularly. The comparison of these two independently evolved superoxide dismutases that catalyze the same reaction and occur together throughout much of the biological world suggests that adaptation to environmental stress is not the basis for the erratic rate of change observed in the Cu-Zn enzyme.
Life threatening complications of endometriosis

Abstract Endometriosis affects 5–20% of menstruating women and occurs primarily within the pelvis. Although histologically benign, ectopic endometrial tissue possesses the ability to grow, infiltrate and disseminate with life threatening results/consequences. This is illustrated by a case of asymptomatic endometriosis involving the ureters and rectum. The importance of evaluating the integrity of the urinary tract in endometriosis, especially cases involving the uterosacral ligaments, is stressed. Appropriate therapy followed by periodic surveillance for progression of the disease is discussed.
Differences in norepinephrine clearance in cerebellar slices from low-alcohol-sensitive and high-alcohol-sensitive rats.

Abstract High-alcohol-sensitive (HAS) and low-alcohol-sensitive (LAS) rats were bred for sensitivity and insensitivity, respectively, to the sedative/hypnotic effects of ethanol. These rats also display differential sensitivity to the depressant effects of locally applied ethanol on cerebellar Purkinje neurons in vivo. We have found that LAS animals exhibit a greater influence of endogenous β–adrenergic activity on neuronal responses to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ethanol than do HAS animals. In the current study, we investigated the possibility that the regulation of synaptic norepinephrine levels by norepinephrine transporters could contribute to a differential β–adrenergic influence on GABA and ethanol sensitivity between HAS and LAS rats. We locally applied norepinephrine from a glass micropipette into the various layers of cerebellar brain slices prepared from LAS and HAS rats, and recorded the levels of norepinephrine clearance by using Nafion-coated carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Norepinephrine clearance was significantly faster by ∼64% in the Purkinje cell layer of HAS rats. No differences in norepinephrine clearance were found in the molecular or the granule layer between LAS and HAS rats. The catecholamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine reduced norepinephrine clearance in both rat lines. These findings support the hypothesis that regulation of synaptic norepinephrine levels by norepinephrine transporter activity in the Purkinje cell layer may contribute to the differential sensitivity of Purkinje neurons to ethanol and GABA in LAS and HAS rats.
Market structuring by sequential cluster analysis

Understanding the structure or composition of a market has long been acknowledged as a prerequisite to any successful marketing strategy [11, 12]. Although market structuring is conceptually very simple--partition the market for a product into n subsets such that all subsets are as internally homogeneous as possible and as externally heterogeneous as possible with regard to certain predefined variables--there have been serious difficulties associateA wi!h its implementation. Most attempts at market structuring have employed the same framework: select a relevant criterion variable (e.go, product usage) and relate this to relevant independent variables (e.g., psychographics) in such a manner as to elicit viable market segments. Two common techniques will serve to illustrate this approach. Regression analysis is a technique by which a number o~ independent variables~ acting in concert, can be related to a criterion variable. Once the relationship has been determined, it is possible to compute a p r e d i c t e d (composite) criterion value for each consumer and array v ll consumers according to their predicted values. Consumers can then be aggregated into segments such that the re. :~ulting market structure is optimal given the regression technique used. However, due to certain deficiencies (e.g., the resulting strue, ture is typically linear), an alternative technique has recently come into favor ~ 1 ]. This technique, automatic interaction detection (AID), also groups consumers into segments a,,~ a function of a criterion variable, but does so without the imposition of a linear model. Such techniques are suitable for ma~y situations, especially when the independent.dependent variable relationships are well under. stood or prior research is being validsted, but they share a common deficiency with respect to the initial structuring of an unknown market they all impose an art i f ical structure upon the market, o hen by means of a linear model Thi~ is because all market segments are defined in ~terms of a criterion variable or variables. In other words,
Interactions of prostaglandins with subpopulations of ovine luteal cells. II. Inhibitory effects of PGF2α and protection by PGE2

Abstract Purified preparations of ovine large luteal cells were utilized in a series of experiments to test the effects of prostaglandins (PG) E2 abd F2α on cell morphology, viability and secretion of progesterone. Luteal cells were allowed to attach to culture dishes overnight before experiments. In the first series of experiments incubation of large steroidogenic cells with PGF2α for 6 hr resulted in morphological changes including a retraction of the cell cytoplasm and apparent extrusion of cytoplasmic components which became more pronounced after 12 hr. In a second series of experiments, PGF2α decreased and PGE2 increased progesterone accumulation in media after 6 hr when media were not replaced during the incubation period, while progesterone accumulation was not different than that observed in control dishes when both prostaglandins were present. Hourly replacement of the media negated the inhibitory effects of PGF2α but had no effect on the stimulated secretion of progesterone induced by PGE2. Finally, in incubations without media replacement, PGF2α induced a dose-dependent decrease in progesterone accumulation while PGE2 elicited a biphasic response with progesterone secretion increasing from 0.1 ng/ml to maximal levels at 10 ng/ml followed by a dose-dependent decrease at 100 and 1000 ng/ml. These data are compatible with the hypotheses that: 1) luteolysis is initiated, at least in part, by an action of PGF2α on large luteal cells; and 2) the embryonic signal from the pregnant uterus which rescues the ovine corpus luteum may be PGE2.
The ‘Renationalization’ of Western European Defense

Earlier versions of this article were presented at a conference sponsored by the Dutch Ministry of Defense and the Institute for East-West Security Studies in The Hague on 1 October 1991 and at the...
The effect of indium contamination and Nb contact layers on the structure of Ag/NiFe GMR spin valves

Ag/NiFe/Ag/NiFe/FeMn giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valves (SVs), sputtered either on to a Nb superconducting contact or directly on to a Si substrate, were examined using conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HREDS). When sputtered on a superconducting Nb contact, the SV displayed columnar, polycrystalline grains, which grew on the close packed planes (i.e. {110} planes for the bcc Nb contacts and {111} planes for the fcc Ag, NiFe and FeMn spin valve components). When grown directly on the Si substrate, two different SV morphologies were observed. In most cases, the spin valves appeared polycrystalline, similar to those grown on Nb. However, in one case, the first Ag layer grew as an epitaxial single crystal throughout the entire observed area of the cross-sectional sample. The subsequently deposited layers displayed polycrystalline columnar morphology of the equilibrium phases. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of HRTEM images indicated that this single crystal Ag layer existed in an unusual crystal structure. HREDS of the spin valve grown directly on the Si substrate showed little mixing of the expected spin valve layers. However, analysis of the single crystal Ag layer in this area revealed the presence of an indium contaminant, which may be responsible for the epitaxial growth of this layer.
Photodissociation of NH3 at 106–200 nm

The absorption and fluorescence cross sections for NH3 are measured in the 106-200 nm region using synchrotron radiation as the light source. The threshold wavelengths for the production of the NH (b to X) and NH (c to a) emissions from NH3 dissociation are measured and compared with previous measurements. The heat of formation of NH determined from these thresholds agrees well with the value determined from thermochemical data. The process of dissociation of NH3 into NH2(2AL) and H2(S) has a significant quantum yield whose maximum at 134 nm is about twice the NH(c) production yield. All the vibronic levels of the B and C states produce the NH2(2A1) emission, contrary to previous theoretical interpretations.