cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mutation in a heat-regulated hsp70 gene of Ustilago maydis.

Abstract Four genes (ums1, ums2, ums3 and ums4) representing an hsp70-related gene family were isolated from a genomic library of Ustilago maydis. All four genes are transcriptionally active during normal growth. Following a heat shock, the mRNA levels of ums1 and ums2 increase by approximately 5-fold, whereas the ums3 transcript becomes less abundant. The amount of ums4 mRNA remains relatively unchanged after heat treatment. The nucleotide sequence of the 5' non-coding and a portion of the ums2 coding region was determined. The sequence encoding the first 90 amino acids is 73% identical to corresponding regions of the Drosophila and yeast (SSA1) hsp70 genes. To investigate the effect of a mutation in ums2, a plasmid was constructed in which most of the transcriptional unit of ums2 was deleted and substituted with the Escherichia coli hygromycin B (hygB) phosphotransferase gene. Transcription of this gene is controlled by the ums2 promoter, allowing the expression of hygB resistance in Ustilago. The marker was introduced into diploid cells as a linear sequence with termini homologous to the 5' and 3' flanking regions of ums2. In approximately 50% of transformants examined, one of the two wild-type ums2 alleles had been replaced by the mutated sequence, demonstrating the feasibility of using one-step gene disruption to create heterozygous diploids in Ustilago. The ums2/ums2::hygBr heterozygote produced teliospores after injection into corn plants, but only cells carrying functional ums2 were found among their meiotic progeny. Therefore ums2::hygBr segregates as a recessive lethal, which strongly suggests that ums2 is essential for growth in Ustilago.
Cell membrane receptors for secretagogues on pancreatic acinar cells

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of cell membrane receptors for secretagogues on pancreatic acinar cells. The initial step in the mechanism of action of secretagogues on enzyme secretion from pancreatic acinar cells is reversible binding of the secretagogues to receptors located on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the pancreatic acinar cell. Binding of the secretagogue to its receptor is both necessary and sufficient to initiate the sequence of events that ultimately causes stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion. Several different classes of receptors have been identified for secretagogues that act on the pancreatic acinar cells. The various secretagogues that act on the pancreatic acinar cells stimulate enzyme secretion by activating one of two functionally distinct processes. One process involves binding of the secretagogue to its receptors, mobilization of cellular calcium, and after a series of presently undefined steps, stimulation of enzyme secretion. The other process involves binding of the secretagogue to its receptors, activation of adenylate cyclase, increased cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and after a series of presently undefined steps, stimulation of enzyme secretion. Secretagogues that cause mobilization of cellular calcium do not increase cyclic AMP, and secretagogues that increase cellular cyclic AMP do not cause mobilization of cellular calcium.
Securing traceability of ciphertexts: towards a secure software key escrow system

The Law Enforcement Agency Field (LEAF), which in Clipper is appended to the ciphertext, allows the Law Enforcement Agency to trace the sender and receiver. To prevent users of Clipper to delete the LEAF, the Clipper decryption box will not decrypt if the correct LEAF is not present. Such a solution requires the implementation to be tamperproof. In this paper we propose an alternative approach to achieve traceability. Our solution is based on the computational complexity of some well known problems in number theory. So, our scheme does not require a tamperproof implementation, nor a secret algorithm. Its applications extend beyond key escrow.
Catastrophic Risks: The need for new tools, financial instruments and institutions

We live in a world that is increasingly uncertain. For the first time in history humans dominate the planet and yet, paradoxically, the success of globalization hasincreased the risks we face.
Successive binary algebraic reconstruction technique: An algorithm for reconstruction from limited angle and limited number of projections decomposed into individual components

Relatively high radiation CT techniques are being widely used in diagnostic imaging raising the concerns about cancer risk especially for routine screening of asymptomatic populations. An important strategy for dose reduction is to reduce the number of projections, although doing so with high image quality is technically difficult. We developed an algorithm to reconstruct discrete (limited gray scale) images decomposed into individual tissue types from a small number of projections acquired over a limited view angle. The algorithm was tested using projection simulations from segmented CT scans of different cross sections including mid femur, distal femur and lower leg. It can provide high quality images from as low as 5-7 projections if the skin boundary of the cross section is used as prior information in the reconstruction process, and from 11-13 projections if the skin boundary is unknown.
Vitamin D receptor FokI gene polymorphisms may be associated with colorectal cancer among African American and Hispanic participants

BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a role in cancer tumorogenesis and acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Although African Americans have the lowest serum vitamin D levels, supplementation has not yielded a significant improvement in cancer. Gene polymorphisms in VDR may play a role. There is a dearth of information on VDR gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) among under-represented ethnic groups. In this study, the authors examined whether VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with CRC in predominately African American and Hispanic study participants. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 378 participants, including a group of 78 patients with CRC (cases), a group of 230 noncancer participants without polyps (controls without polyps), and a group of 70 noncancer participants with polyps (controls with polyps). The 4 polymorphic SNPs in VDR (FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI) were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS There was a significant association of the VDR-FokI FF genotype with CRC cases (odds ratio, 2.9; P = .036) compared with the controls without polyps. The most common VDR-FokI genotype in the overall study population was the FF genotype (46%). However, upon breakdown by ethnicity, the FF genotype was the most common in African American participants (61%), and the Ff genotype was the most common in Hispanic/Latino participants (49%). When the association was assessed in a multivariate model, there was no significant association with any VDR polymorphism and CRC cases (P > .05). The other 3 polymorphic variants of VDR (BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI) were not associated with CRC. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that genetic variation of the VDR-FokI SNPs may influence CRC risk, particularly in African American cohorts. Cancer 2014;120:1387–1393. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The effect of light history on the aspartate-isolated fast-PIII responses of the albino rat retina.

Purpose. To assess the effect of light-rearing history on the photon-capturing ability, amplitude, and kinetics of the fast-PIII response of the retina. Methods. Albino rats were raised on 12-hour light-12-hour dark cycles, with illumination at 3 lux or 200 lux, and killed at approximately 12 weeks. Retinal rhodopsin content was measured spectrophometrically. The morphology of the rod outer segments (ROS) and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer were determined histologically. Electroretinograms of isolated retinas to 3-/us flashes were recorded. The kinetics of fast PHI responses were assessed with a model of the phototransduction cascade. Results. Total rhodopsin of 200 lux animals was reduced to 60% that of 3 lux animals: 2.3 ± 0.2 versus 1.4 ± 0.1 nmol/eye (mean ± SD). Length of ROS of 200 lux animals was reduced to 68% of the length of that of 3 lux animals: 20.1 ± 1.2 versus 13.7 ± 0.5 pm. The saturated amplitude of fast PHI of 200 lux animals was reduced to 56% that of the 3 lux group: 134 ± 27 versus 239 ± 37 //V (T = 22°C). Fast PHI responses of both groups are well described by the kinetic model before slow PHI intrusion (up to 100 ms). Estimated kinetic parameters of the transduction cascade did not differ reliably between the two groups. Conclusions. Diminished saturated amplitude of fast PHI in 200 lux animals is accounted for by the hypothesis that fast PHI is direcdy proportional to the rod photocurrent and by the finding that the ROS of 200 lux animals are short compared to those of 3 lux animals. Similarity in estimated kinetic parameters of phototransduction suggests that the rods of the two groups differ little in the biochemistry underlying die activation phase of phototransduction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37:221-229.
Magnetic circular dichroism studies. XIX. Determination of the tyrosine: tryptophan ratio in proteins.

Abstract Recently (2), we reported the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) for the determination of tryptophan in intact proteins (1). We pointed out that, in comparison to other methods currently in use, MCD has the unique advantage of giving unambiguous results even in cases in which the tyrosine: tryptophan ratio is high, that conformational and environmental effects do not interfere with the accuracy of the method, and that only small amounts of sample are required. Here, we wish to report an important refinement in the procedure that enables the technique to be extended to samples which, due to the presence of unknown quantities of water or inorganic salts, are not of analytical purity. This modification makes use of the fact that, in contradistinction to tryptophan, the quantitative determination of tyrosine by the usual chromatographic procedure subsequent to hydrolytic cleavage of the protein does not present serious difficulties. Consequently, the spectroscopic determination of the tyrosine: tryptophan ratio has the advantage that, given knowledge of the tyrosine content, accurate values for the tryptophan content can be obtained with only rough knowledge of the protein concentration. Thus, tyrosine serves as an internal standard in the determination of tryptophan by the MCD technique. In addition to enabling tryptophan determinations to be made with increased accuracy, this modification illustrates the advantages inherent in a spectroscopic method in which signals may occur with either positive or negative sign.
OIV‐A‐1

AIM We previously showed SLM reduces CPT-11 toxicity and improves activity at plasma levels ≥ 1200 ng/mL Se in animals. Our aim was to characterize SLM PK and design a dose regimen to achieve this target in pts. METHOD 13 refractory solid tumor pts enrolled in a Phase I trial of SLM (2200ug Se as SLM PO QD) started 1 wk before dose escalated CPT-11. Intensive plasma PK of Se on d8 of cycle 1 and troughs during therapy. CPT-11 and metabolite (SN38, SN38G) PK determined wks 1 and 4. PK analyzed by compartmental modeling. RESULTS Se accumulation was slow: 4–6 wks to achieve steady state. Mean (SD) CLt/F and T1/2 of Se after SLM was 0.12 (0.05) L/h and 183 (94)h. CPT-11 biliary index, BI=AUC(CPT11.SN38/SN38G), associated with GI toxicity, was 85% lower after 4 wks SLM vs. wk 1. Simulations were used to design regimens to achieve the 1200 ng/mL target within 7d, before CPT-11. These candidate SLM strategies are being formally tested in an ongoing Phase I trial of fixed dose CPT-11 and dose escalated SLM based on toxicity and[Se]. 16 pts have enrolled: 4/6 achieved the 1200 ng/mL target within 7d after a loading dose of 4000ug SLM BID x7d; 2/6 subjects were within 23 and 14% of the target. Maintenance doses of 3200ug QD maintained 5/6 patients > 1200 ng/mL for 3 – 4 months. CONCLUSION SLM demonstrated a long T1/2, significant and slow accumulation, and may reduce CPT-11 GI toxicity by altering BI. The use of modeling, simulation, and a ‘learn and confirm’ approach to the development of SLM as a therapeutic has improved the ability to evaluate this novel compound rapidly and efficiently. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P31–P31; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.114
Solving Dynamic Economic Models with Nonconvexities Due to Fixed Costs

An algorithm is developed for solving nonlinear dynamic models in which one of the control variables is discrete. This structure is particularly relevant to economic models with fixed costs. The methodology is a generalization of discrete state space Euler equation methods for solving dynamic models.
Outcomes of surgical and radiologic placed implantable central venous access ports

Abstract Background Recent literature suggests implantable central venous access ports (ICVAPs) can be placed by interventional radiologists with fewer complications and lower expenses when compared with surgeons. An analysis of outcomes and expenses of ICVAP placement by service was conducted. Methods Three hundred sixty-eight ICVAPs were placed over 3 years at a 230-bed community teaching hospital. A retrospective review of these procedures was conducted. Data recorded for each procedure included patient demographics, reason for placement, indwelling port days, complications, billed charges, and reimbursement. Results Two hundred seventy-six (75%) ICVAPs were placed by interventional radiologists, while surgeons placed the remaining 92 ports (25%). Short-term complications were identified in 7 interventional radiologist–placed ports (2.5%) and 1 surgically placed port (1.1%), P = .42. Billed charges were greater for interventional radiologist–placed ports ($5,301 vs $4,552, P = .0001). In contrast, reimbursement was greater for surgically placed ports: interventional radiologist 31.3% of charges, surgery 42.8%, P = .049. Conclusion Reimbursement and charges demonstrated significant differences between surgeons and interventional radiologists. Prior assertions that ports placed by interventional radiologists are less expensive with fewer complications may no longer be valid.
The maintained discharge of neurons in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus: Spectral analysis and computational modeling

The maintained discharge of neurons along the early visual pathway in mammals constitutes the "noise" from which the visual signal must be discriminated. The statistics of this background noise in cat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been shown to conform to that of a gamma-distributed renewal process (Kuffler et al., 1957; Barlow & Levick, 1969), and power spectrum analysis reveals that this property allows for low noise levels at the temporal-frequency range (0-10 Hz) most important for visual performance (Troy & Robson, 1992). In this study, we compare the statistics of the maintained discharge of cat lateral geniculate neurons with those of its RGC input by simultaneous recordings of spikes and S-potentials in single relay cells of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We demonstrate that, during primarily tonic spiking activity, the LGN maintained discharge preserves the renewal process statistics of its RGC input and also generates relatively little noise at the temporal frequencies important for vision. However, during burst spiking activity, the renewal process model breaks down and increased noise is generated at 2-10 Hz. This suggests that optimization of the visual signal0noise ratio is not a prime consideration in the behavioral states associated with bursting activity in the LGN. The occurrence of burst spikes in LGN relay cells is dependent on the activity of T-type calcium channels in their plasma membranes (Jahnsen & Llinas, 1984a,b). We show that a computational model of LGN relay cells that incorporates T-channel kinetics (Mukherjee & Kaplan, 1995) can correctly simulate LGN maintained discharge statistics during both tonic and bursty firing conditions, and indicates an essential role for this ion channel in determining the dynamic noise properties of the LGN. We also use the computational model to predict how the burstiness of the LGN maintained discharge is affected by the statistics of its RGC input.
Beta-amyloid toxicity and reversal in embryonic rat septal neurons.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized mainly by loss of neurons from the septal nucleus. In this study, neurons from the septal nucleus of the embryonic day 16 (E16) rat were grown in culture with a plane of astrocytes from the embryonic rat and in a defined medium in the absence of serum. Neurons were treated with beta-amyloid (Aβ: 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) on day in vitro (DIV) 1 and DIV 4 and fluorescent microscopy was used to measure survival and apoptosis following exposure of the treated cells on DIV 7. Reversal of neurotoxicity was studied using the potentially neuroprotective agents nerve growth factor (NGF, 100 ng/ml), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 5 ng/ml), insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IGF2, 10 ng/ml) and estrogen (10 nM), administered on DIV 4 and DIV 5, that is, subsequent to the Aβ (10 μM)-induced neurotoxicity. Aβ caused a significant decrease in survival at 10 μM, and a significant increase in apoptosis at 0.1 and 10 μM. IGF1, IGF2 and bFGF all caused a reversal of the Aβ-induced neurotoxic effect on survival while NGF and estrogen did not under these experimental conditions.
A Comparative Study of Natural Gas Liquids Recovery Methods

Today the main drive of oil and gas industry is to increase the production of all hydrocarbons in an economical and environmentally friendly practice, and reducing the hydrocarbon dew point of natural gas has been an issue for pipeline transportation since large intrastate, interstate, and international pipelines were developed. The problems surrounding the processing and transportation of large quantities of natural gas are many and interconnected. This research provides a review of major natural gas liquids recovery methods including refrigeration methods, chemical methods, physical methods, and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. The advantages and the disadvantages of each method will be discussed.
Nasoseptal flap reconstruction of high flow intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leaks during endoscopic skull base surgery.

BackgroundOver the past 10 years, significant anatomic, technical, and instrumentation advances have facilitated the exposure and resection of intradural lesions via a fully endoscopic expanded end...
Heterogeneous and Correlated Risk Preferences in Commercial Fishermen: The Perfect Storm Dilemma

Commercial fishing involves both physical and financial risks. This combination questions whether fishermen are inherently risk-loving, whether physical and financial risk preferences are correlated, and how much preferences vary across fishermen. This paper addresses these questions with a panel data set of daily participation decisions in the California sea urchin dive fishery. Weather buoy data and the prevalence of great white sharks at a particular fishing site proxy for physical risk. Overall, urchin fishermen are not risk-loving on average, risk preferences are heterogeneous, and there is some evidence that risk preferences are positively correlated across physical and financial domains.
Salvage radical prostatectomy after failure of curative radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of prostate

Abstract Radical prostatectomy with curative intent was performed in 13 patients with prostate cancer after local failure of radiotherapy. Of these patients, 2 underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder neck involvement by the prostatic tumor. Local recurrence had been diagnosed twenty-one to one hundred sixty-eight months (mean 65.4 months) after completion of radiotherapy (6,000–7,000 cGy; mean 6,136 cGy). Three patients had radioactive implants. Rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was part of the indication for surgery in 5 patients. Complications included minor rectal injury (1 patient) and total incontinence ( 2 13 patients). Two patients had positive surgical margins and 6 13 patients had involvement of seminal vesicles, 2 of whom also had positive lymph nodes. The authors conclude that salvage prostatectomy is feasible after radiation failure. Transrectal ultrasound and careful monitoring of PSA after irradiation treatment may improve patient selection and minimize the risk of complications and incomplete excision.
Inclusion of previable infants: Impact on leading causes of death in African-American infants in Memphis/Shelby county, Tennessee 1999-2003

PERFORMANCE JEANNE-MARIE GUISE, SHAD DEERING, BARBARA KANKI, PATRICIA OSTERWEIL, HONG LI, SUSAN STANFORD, NANCY LOWE, Oregon Health & Science University, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Portland, Oregon, Madigan Army Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Tacoma, Washington, NASA Ames Research Center, Human Factors Research and Technology Division, Moffett Field, California, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Oregon Health & Science University, SON Primary Care, Portland, Oregon OBJECTIVE: A national alert issued by the JCAHO found that 71% of sentinel OB events are associated with communication errors and team issues. Team training (CRM) and emergency drills have been recommended to improve safety. Obstetricians, hospitals, and organizations need to be able to evaluate effectiveness and quality of OB team performance; yet, there are no user-friendly validated metrics published. STUDY DESIGN: We developed an easy to use tool that can be used in clinical and simulated settings to evaluate key concepts of teamwork. The tool contains 15 questions in 5 domains: communication, situational awareness/ resource management, decision making, leadership/role responsibility, and patient friendliness, and uses a likert scale ranging from 0-10 (not done to perfect). Components of each domain are further evaluated. For example in the communication domain, SBAR, direct communication, closed loop communication, and transparent thinking components are evaluated. The tool was tested by 3 trained CRM evaluators who independently viewed and evaluated videos of OB teams responding to OB emergencies and displaying poor to excellent teamwork. RESULTS: There was substantial agreement on the global assessment of teamwork (Spearman correlation coefficients O 0.87 among three evaluators, p!0.0001). In cases where teamwork was nearly perfect, there was greatest consistency among reviewers regarding which teamwork components were displayed and their ratings. When teamwork was less than perfect, discrepancy was greatest in the domain of leadership/role responsibility, whereas other domains (e.g. communication) were more consistent. CONCLUSION: Good team performance is critical to good outcomes in clinical emergencies. This tool is easy to use in the field, able to distinguish good from poor quality team performance and able to identify the elements responsible. We are in the process of further testing the tool across a diversity of clinical scenarios and testing its usefulness for untrained evaluators.
The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the midwestern United States

Abstract The ratio of deethylatrazine to atrazine (DAR) may be used to record the first major runoff of herbicides from non-point-source corn fields to surface water in the Midwestern United States. The DAR dramatically decreases from ∼0.5 to < 0.1 upon application of herbicide and the first major runoff event of a basin. The DAR then gradually increases to values of approximately 0.4–0.6 during the harvest season. Furthermore, the DAR may be used in studies of surface water movement to give a temporal indicator of water moving into reservoirs for possible storage of herbicides. It is hypothesized that deethylatrazine, which accounts for only 6% of the degradation of atrazine, becomes a significant metabolite in surface water (∼ 50% of parent compound) because of its selective removal from soil. This removal process may be an important concept for consideration in studies of herbicide contamination of rivers and reservoirs.
Trimethylaluminum: A Computer Study of the Condensed Phases and the Gas Dimer

Molecular dynamics simulations on trimethylaluminum, Al(CH3)3 (TMA), have been carried out to investigate the properties of the gas-phase dimer, the liquid, and the solid. An empirical potential model, suitable for classical simulations, has been developed. The empirical potential model captures the essential structural properties of TMA in the condensed phases and obtains fair agreement with experiments on the dimer vibrational properties. However, ab initio density functional theory based Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations, performed on the TMA dimer, provide a much better representation of structural and vibrational features than the empirical model.
Absence of donor T-cell–derived soluble TNF decreases graft-versus-host disease without impairing graft-versus-tumor activity

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). TNF can be expressed in a membrane-bound form (memTNF) and as a soluble (solTNF) molecule after being cleaved by the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). To study the contribution of donor T-cell–derived memTNF versus solTNF in GVHD and GVT, we used mice containing a noncleavable allele in place of endogenous TNF (memTNFΔ/Δ) as donors in murine BMT models. Recipients of memTNF T cells developed significantly less GVHD than recipients of wild-type (wt) T cells. In contrast, GVT activity mediated by memTNF T cells remained intact, and alloreactive memTNF T cells showed no defects in proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity. These data suggest that suppressing the secretion of solTNF by donor T cells significantly decreases GVHD without impairing GVT activity.
On the scaling theory of two-component aggregation

The behavior of a closed system undergoing irreversible aggregation and containing two distinct monomer types is considered. For large cluster sizes and at large times, the size-composition distribution is described by a two-parameter scaling law, which is valid for homogeneous non-gelling kernels. This scaling law is composed of the product of a normal distribution in particle composition and the one-parameter scaling function for the corresponding homogeneous aggregation problem. It is shown that this scaling law also applies to a kernel that depends linearly (and not simply as the total particle size) upon particle composition.
Erratum to: Is ambulatory blood pressure monitoring useful in patients with chronic autonomic failure?

Management of blood pressure (BP) abnormalities in patients with autonomic failure is usually based on office BP readings. It is uncertain whether office readings reflect actual BP’s during a typical day. Therefore, in 45 patients with autonomic failure we compared office BP values during a tilt test with those captured on a 24-h BP ambulatory monitor. Office BP values while supine predicted well the level of nighttime hypertension. However, in only 33 % of patients office values during tilt test accurately reflected hypotension during a typical day. Therefore, BP ambulatory monitoring is useful to gauge the true severity of hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.
Magneto-optic properties of evaporated Mn-Bi-Al films

Abstract Thin films of Mn 50 Bi x Al y were made using the co-evaporation method. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the presence of MnBi, and weak diffraction lines suggested the presence of a second phase, possibly the MnAl τ phase. Hysteresis loops obtained both from polar Kerr rotation measurements and magnetization measurements were found to be anomalous. These measurements showed that the magnetizations of the two phases are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the film surface, and that the signs of the Kerr rotation are opposite for the two phases. Further, the magnetizations of the two phases are not strongly coupled to one another. A simple model calculation which includes the anisotropy energy of each phase is able to reproduce the salient features of the experimental hysteresis loops.
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces mast cell secretion and protein kinase C activation.

Abstract Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), a natural product of phospholipase A 2 activity, induced the secretion of both granule-associated β-hexosaminidase and newly generated leukotriene C 4 from mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Micromolar concentrations of lyso-PC potentiated the release of β-hexosaminidase induced by specific antigen but not the calcium ionophore, A23187. Exogenous adenosine was relatively ineffective in enhancing β-hexosaminidase release from cells challenged with lyso PC. Lyso-PC caused a marked increase in intracellular free-calcium levels and induced the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). These effects could not be abrogated by a prolonged preincubation with pertussis toxin. Staurosporine, an inhibitor of PKC, partially inhibited the abilities of antigen and A23187 to induce β-hexosaminidase release but was ineffective when lyso-PC was the secretagogue. Lyso-PC appears to activate mast cell PKC, but its ability to stimulate mast cell mediator release appears to be related to its ability to elevate intracellular free calcium concentrations.
Purification of Deoxyhypusine Synthase from Neurospora crassa to Homogeneity by Substrate Elution Affinity Chromatography

Abstract Deoxyhypusine synthase is an NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of deoxyhypusine residue on the eIF-5A precursor by using spermidine as the substrate. Deoxyhypusine synthase bound tightly to 1,12-diaminododecane-agarose and could be eluted selectively by spermidine. This finding enabled us to develop a simple two-column procedure to purify deoxyhypusine synthase from Neurospora crassa to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 130,000 units/mg of protein, representing a 64,000-fold purification from cell extracts. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the native enzyme had a molecular mass of 180 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the pure enzyme showed a single band at the 40-kDa position, suggesting that Neurospora deoxyhypusine synthase is a homotetramer. Deoxyhypusine synthase appeared to be hydrophobic and required non-ionic detergent such as Tween 20 to stabilize the activity. Treatment of the enzyme with sulfhydryl reagents resulted in a complete loss of activity. Inclusion of NAD reduced the inactivation rate by manyfold, indicating the presence of -SH groups at or near the active site. Partial amino acid sequences of four peptide fragments that cover about one quarter of the enzyme were obtained for cDNA and genomic cloning work.
Visual acuity with a motion detection target compared to Landolt Rings

Support was provided by the Vision Performance Institute, Pacific University Oregon. DyopsTM were provided by Allan Hytowitz of Animated Vision Associates, www.dyop.org. Subjects Visual acuity measures are a vital component in an optometric practice, as well as having many uses in a research setting. Many accepted methods of assessing visual acuity (VA) exist. Indeed, a VA test is an ubiquitous component of many visual or medical exams. Most rely upon an individual making judgments about the nature of a specific visual target (optotype) (e.g. orientation, letter identity, etc). This study aims to evaluate a novel optotype for its reliability as a visual acuity measure.
Temporal effects of LH, hCG, FSH and dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP upon luteinization of rhesus monkey granulosa cells in culture.

In order to examine the temporal regulation of granulosa cell luteinization in monkey granulosa cell cultures, LH, FSH, hCG and dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP (dbcAMP) have been added and removed after various time periods and their effects upon morphological luteinization and progestin secretion examined. Granulosa cells were obtained from 15 normal preovulatory monkeys, 9 normal monkeys in the midfollicular phase, 14 human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-treated monkeys and 12 pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMS)-treated monkeys. In cultures of granulosa Cells obtained from all types of monkey follicles to which LH or dbcAMP was added for a 2-day period, from days 0–2 or 2–4 of culture, and subsequently removed from the culture media, morphological luteinization and progestin secretion were stimulated. Progestin secretion declined and morphological characteristics of luteinization were lost 4–6 days after removal of the tropic agents. If the tropic agents were present throughout a 14–20-day culture period ...
Milk as a Beverage Increased Tapeworm Infestation in Poultry

Abstract One of the experimental rations fed a flock of Leghorn pullets at Kansas State College the past year consisted of whole grain (yellow corn and wheat), green alfalfa hay, liquid skimmilk and crushed lime stone. This was designated as an “all-farm” ration since it was composed of those ingredients already available on many farms. The pullets were confined in an open front 10×20 foot house for the duration of the experiment, November 1st to September 3rd. The birds received no water and no vitamin D other than ultraviolet light from the direct and indirect sun rays. During the summer months flies were present around the milk vessel in large numbers. Since flies are an intermediate host of the common avian tapeworms, this flock of pullets had an excellent opportunity to become heavily infested. In order to determine the degree of infestation the intestines of all birds completing the experimental period . . .
Catalytic hydrodechlorination over Pd supported on amorphous and structured carbon

The gas phase catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorobenzene has been studied (T=423 KT=423 K) over Pd (8±1wt%8±1wt%) supported on activated carbon (Pd/AC), graphite (Pd/graphite), and graphitic carbon nanofiber (Pd/GNF). The activated carbon (875 m2 g−1) and graphite (11 m2 g−1) substrates were obtained from a commercial source, but the carbon nanofibers (74 m2 g−1) were synthesized by ethylene decomposition over unsupported Ni to yield a mean fiber diameter of 225 nm. Under identical reaction conditions, the following initial HDC activity sequence was established: Pd/GNF ≈ Pd/AC > Pd/graphite. HDC activity declined with time-on-stream (four reaction cycles were considered), where Pd/GNF maintained a significantly higher fractional HDC and Pd/AC activity decreased continually to converge with Pd/graphite at a common residual conversion. The prereaction and postreaction catalyst samples were characterized by BET area/pore size analysis, temperature-programmed reduction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, H2 chemisorption/temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and acid/base titration. Pd size distribution is given in each case where surface area-weighted Pd diameter increased in the order: Pd/graphite < Pd/GNF < Pd/AC. The spent catalysts exhibited lower H2 uptake with a disruption to the TPD profiles. Pd on each support adopted (on the basis of XRD analysis) an exclusive cubic geometry, but whereas the particles on AC were globular in nature, faceted Pd particles predominated on the graphite and (to a lesser extent) GNF supports. HDC activity and temporal behavior is rationalized on the basis of metal–support interactions, Pd particle size, and H2 uptake/release characteristics.
Application of linear logic to simulation

Linear logic, since its introduction by Girard in 1987 has proven expressive and powerful. Linear logic has provided natural encodings of Turing machines, Petri nets and other computational models. Linear logic is also capable of naturally modeling resource dependent aspects of reasoning. The distinguishing characteristic of linear logic is that it accounts for resources; two instances of the same variable are considered differently from a single instance. Linear logic thus must obey a form of the linear superposition principle. A proportion can be reasoned with only once, unless a special operator is applied. Informally, linear logic distinguishes two kinds of conjunction, two kinds of disjunction, and also introduces a modal storage operator that explicitly indicates propositions that can be reused. This paper discuses the application of linear logic to simulation. A wide variety of logics have been developed; in addition to classical logic, there are fuzzy logics, affine logics, quantum logics, etc. All of these have found application in simulations of one sort or another. The special characteristics of linear logic and its benefits for simulation will be discussed. Of particular interest is a connection that can be made between linear logic and simulated dynamics by using the concept of Lie algebras and Lie groups. Lie groups provide the connection between the exponential modal storage operators of linear logic and the eigen functions of dynamic differential operators. Particularly suggestive are possible relations between complexity result for linear logic and non-computability results for dynamical systems.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Study of Teaching by Michael J. Dunkin and Bruce Biddle. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. 490 pp

(1975). The Study of Teaching by Michael J. Dunkin and Bruce Biddle. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. 490 pp. The Educational Forum: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 363-365.
Managing the knowledge asset: America's competitive challenge

The American Economy may still be ridiag on economic legacies that are either outmoded or ill-suited to affect the contemporary competitive environment. One legacy is the managerial dependence of scientific management principles; another is a continued belief in the linear concept of science-driven technology. A second theme discussed in this article is the belief that firms must conceptualize outcomes of their operations. Achieving them will then better focus technological research agendas as well as the need to treat management itself as a technology. Finally, the article suggests that the phenomenon of consortia may be one of the most important economic experiments of the latter part of the century. The potential and pragmatic influence of the consortia is considered and its potential is suggested as problematic.
Social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans is modulated by antipsychotic drugs and calmodulin and may serve as a protophenotype for asociality.

Abstract Here, we define a protophenotype as an endophenotype that has been conserved during evolution. Social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans may be an example of a protophenotype related to asociality in schizophrenia. It is regulated by the highly conserved neuropeptide Y receptor, NPR-1, and we speculated that social feeding should be affected by antipsychotic drugs. The social feeding strain, npr-1(g320), was exposed to antipsychotic drugs, dopamine or calmodulin antagonists on plates with bacterial lawns, and the number of aggregates on the plates was counted as a measure of social feeding. First-generation antipsychotics, chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, and haloperidol, and the second-generation drug, olanzapine, inhibited social feeding. Dopamine accelerated aggregation, whereas selective D2 dopamine receptor antagonists, sulpiride and raclopride, were inhibitory. Calmodulin antagonists effectively inhibited social feeding, as did RNAi knockdown of calmodulin (cmd-1) expression. In addition, gap junction inhibitors prevented aggregation, which is consistent with the hub-and-spoke arrangement of neurons that regulate social feeding via functional gap junctions. The studies described here revealed novel connections between dopaminergic signaling, the NPY receptor, calmodulin, and gap junctions in the regulation of social behavior in C. elegans. These pathways are evolutionarily-conserved, and have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
A Unique Interprofessional and Multi-Institutional Education Series

Interprofessional health education has received increased attention from educators and health care institutions over the past decades. In the Institute of Medicine’s The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report, the necessity of nursing professionals becoming full partners with other health care professionals is described. In 2011, a group of faculty members in northeast Indiana formed an interprofessional education (IPE) consortium, which included faculty from several universities. The members were from a larger community group who met monthly and realized they shared a common interest in developing an IPE program. The purpose of this article is to describe the unique interprofessional and multi-institutional educational series that has been off ered as a result of the collaborative eff orts of this consortium. The initiative is continuous and now enters the second phase of the IPE learning series. This initiative may help others make the necessary changes in health care education. [J Nurs Educ. 2014;53(7):415-420.]
Influence of formaldehyde-treated soybean and commercial nutrient supplementation on mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) yield and in-vitro dry matter digestibility of spent substrate

Pleurotus sajor-caju 537 was grown on chopped, pasteurized wheat straw non-supplemented and supplemented with formaldehyde-treated soybean, commercial delayed-release nutrient (SpawnMate II SE) or vegetable oil. Yield was 2.1-fold higher for substrate supplemented (12% dry wt) with low-volume formaldehyde-treated soybean as compared to non-supplemented substrate. Mushroom yield from substrate supplemented with commercial nutrient was 1.7-fold higher than yield from non-supplemented substrate. As the supplement level increased, the mushroom yield response increased. The yield ranged from 3.56 kg/m2 for non-supplemented substrate to 7.36 kg/m2 for substrate supplemented (12% dry wt) with formaldehyde-treated soybean. The type of supplement affected in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of spent substrate; commercial supplement resulted in higher IVDMD compared to formaldehyde-treated substrate. An opportunity exists for commercial development of a nutrient(s) specifically designed for Pleurotus cultivation.
High-rate decremental-strain-rate test

A modified torsional split-Hopkinson bar is intoduced and used to study material response associated with a sudden reduction of stain rate during high-rate plastic deformation. In tests on 1100-0 aluminum iniial deformation at a strain rate of approximately 2400 s−1 is reduced by a factor of 15 after 200 μs of high-rate deformation. After the reduction, the deformation continues at the low rate for additional 550 μs. The change in the strain rate is obtained by using a stepped input bar. The results for 1100-0 aluminum show a decrease in the flow stress following the reduction in the strain rate. A short delay exists between the beginning of the strain-rate reduction and the response of the stress. The magnitude of the drop in the stress agrees with the difference in flow stress expected in constant-strain-rate tests in the corresponding high- and low-strain rates. Following the stress reduction. The stress remains essentially constant with no hardening during the subsequent deformation at the low rate.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CLIMATE AND A VIE MODEL FOR WORK MOTIVATION1

The present study examined relationships between psychological climate and components of a valence-instrumentality-expectancy model. Data were obtained from 504 managerial employees of a large health care company. A principal component analysis of responses to 35 composites representing perceptions of the job, leadership, workgroup, and organization yielded six psychological climate components. Similar analyses were conducted separately for 20 valence items and 20 instrumentality items. Considerable similarity was found among the instrumentality and valence components, with one component in each area representing intrinsic outcomes, one component representing organizationally-mediated extrinsic outcomes, one representing negative or neutral outcomes, and one representing leader and workgroup-mediated extrinsic outcomes. Relationships among psychological climate and valence-instrumentality-expectancy components were significant and supported several hypotheses proposed in the literature.
In vivo studies of parainfluenza I (6/94) virus: mononuclear cell interactions.

Adsorption to and penetration of migratory mononuclear cellsin vivo by Para-influenza I (6/94) virus were documented by electron microscopy during the acute phase of an experimental meningoencephalitis in ICR mice. Phagocytosis of virions was the apparent and predominant mode of viral entry into these cells. Penetration by fusion was also seen. Nucleocapsids were replicated by the mononuclear cells which became a potential reservoir for the further spread of virus.
A simple modification of the NRTL equation

Abstract A simple modification of the NRTL equation is proposed which consists of inserting the ratio of the molar volumes of the pure compounds as a multiplying factor of the binary parameters Gij and Gji. The suitability of this modification is evaluated by following two procedures in order to correlate or to predict the VLE of several binary systems taken from the literature ranged according their non-ideality degree, namely • the prediction of the VLE data assuming the geometric mean gij=(gii·gjj)0.5 for the energy interaction parameter related to the i–j interactions; • the correlation of the above data according to the NRTL equation written in the one-parameter form, as suggested by Tassios. The modified NRTL equation appears significantly more reliable than the NRTL in its classical form in both cases. As a rule, the improvement is more relevant the higher is the non-ideality of the considered system.
Effects of confinement stress on episodic secretion of LH in ovariectomized sheep.

Episodic secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovariectomized ewes was evaluated before and during acute confinement and during several days of habituation to the same confinement. Plasma concentra