cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Broadway: Art and Commerce on the Great White Way. By Steven Adler. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2004; pp. 250. $27 paper; $55 cloth; Our Musicals, Ourselves: A Social History of the American Musical Theatre. By John Bush Jones. Brandeis University Press, Waltham, MA (Lebanon, NH: UPNE), 2003; pp. 383. $29.95 cloth.

While few would argue that commercial theatre on Broadway today is the artistic heart of the American theatre, fascination with Broadway and its productions has not diminished, as witnessed by Steven Adler's thorough and thought-provoking study of contemporary producing, On Broadway: Art and Commerce on the Great White Way . Having interviewed sixty-six professionals in the field over a period of five years, Adler is able to cover his subject from many angles as he allows each person to offer opinions on everything from the corporate involvement in Broadway to the absence of scenes from nonmusicals on the annual Tony Awards broadcast.
Relationship of Pelvic and Thigh Motions During Unilateral and Bilateral Hip Flexion

We filmed the hip flexion movement with a 16-mm motion picture camera to determine if a synergistic relationship between the pelvis and thigh existed. Seventeen young subjects, whose pelvises and thighs were marked with tape, underwent active and passive, unilateral and bilateral hip flexion while in the supine position. Analysis of the film revealed that the hip flexion movement is composed of two components--pelvic rotation and flexion of the thigh on the pelvis. Between one fourth and one third of the hip flexion movement was the consequence of pelvic rotation. This rotation always occurred within the first 8 degrees of the hip flexion movement. When therapists evaluate and treat patients with disorders of the thigh, pelvis, or lumbar spine, they should be aware that these structures normally move in synergy with one another. We suggest that the pelvifemoral relationship be examined further in studies with a wide range of healthy subjects and patients with a variety of clinical disorders.
An electrically pulsed HCl laser

A pulsed electrical discharge in a flowing mixture of Cl 2 and HI produces laser action on the 3 → 2 and 2 → 1 vibrational transitions of HCl.
Mapping the world in 3-D

Summary form only given. Remember when the world was flat? Not any more. In February, 2000 NASA, using six astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor, spent 11 days gathering data for the first complete three-dimensional global map of the planet as part of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The 12 terabytes they collected will revolutionize knowledge of the Earth, and have applications in fields as disparate as geologic mapping and petroleum exploration, flight training and navigation, siting cell phone transmitters, water drainage modeling and disaster planning. The author describes how it was done!.
On the Effect of Continued Small Additions of Poisonous Substances on the Velocity of Gaseous Catalytic Reaction in Closed Vessels

The Langmuir-Frenkel theory of surface action has been shown to involve a simple relation between the partial pressure of the catalyst poison, and the reduction in reaction velocity which results. Very interesting observations have been made by Beebe showing that the heat of adsorption of carbon monoxide on a reduced copper catalyst falls considerably and reaches a limiting value as the surface approaches saturation. Pease and Stewart have shown that the presence of less than one percent, of the total carbon monoxide that a given copper catalyst can adsorb will reduce the reaction velocity of the combination of hydrogen and ethylene at the surface of the copper by 88 per cent.
Top-down approach to vestibular compensation: translational lessons from vestibular rehabilitation

This review examines vestibular compensation and vestibular rehabilitation from a unified translational research perspective. Laboratory studies illustrate neurobiological principles of vestibular compensation at the molecular, cellular and systems levels in animal models that inform vestibular rehabilitation practice. However, basic research has been hampered by an emphasis on ‘naturalistic’ recovery, with time after insult and drug interventions as primary dependent variables. The vestibular rehabilitation literature, on the other hand, provides information on how the degree of compensation can be shaped by specific activity regimens. The milestones of the early spontaneous static compensation mark the re-establishment of static gaze stability, which provides a common coordinate frame for the brain to interpret residual vestibular information in the context of visual, somatosensory and visceral signals that convey gravitoinertial information. Stabilization of the head orientation and the eye orientation (suppression of spontaneous nystagmus) appear to be necessary by not sufficient conditions for successful rehabilitation, and define a baseline for initiating retraining. The lessons from vestibular rehabilitation in animal models offer the possibility of shaping the recovery trajectory to identify molecular and genetic factors that can improve vestibular compensation.
Developmental expression of human hemoglobins mediated by maturation of their subunit interfaces

Different types of human hemoglobins (Hbs) consisting of various combinations of the embryonic, fetal, and adult Hb subunits are present at certain times during development representing a major paradigm of developmental biology that is still not understood and one which we address here. We show that the subunit interfaces of these Hbs have increasing bonding strengths as demonstrated by their distinct distribution of tetramers, dimers, and monomers during gel filtration at very low-Hb concentration. This maturation is mediated by competition between subunits for more favorable partners with stronger subunit interactions. Thus, the protein products of gene expression can themselves have a role in the developmental process due to their intrinsic properties.
Infrared and Microwave Effects on Skin Heating and Temperature Sensation

In order to study the physiological mechanisms of temperature sensation, the forehead area of seven subjects was exposed to controlled heating while the skin temperature was radiometrically measured and recorded. Continuous exposure to variations in far infrared radiation produced temperature sensations which could best be correlated with rates of change of skin temperature. Warmth threshold was accompanied by a rate of rise of skin temperature of 0.001°C/second; cool threshold was accompanied by a rate of fall of skin temperature of 0.005° to 0.006°C/second. Reports of temperature sensation continued to be given when no changes in skin temperature could be measured. Small, rapid fluctuations in skin temperature, exceeding the rates of rise and fall just given, evoked no reports of sensation. It was postulated that the temperature changes involved were confined to the most superficial layers of the skin, and therefore did not stimulate the cutaneous temperature receptors. The same sequence of sensation reports resulted from preliminarily heating up or cooling down the skin, and then allowing it to return spontaneously to its normal temperature level. Cool sensations accompanying rapidly rising skin temperature change rates were believed to be due to simultaneous inhibition of warmth receptors and excitation of cold receptors. Exposure of blackened and unblackened forehead skin to various pulse duration-intensity combinations of near infrared radiation sufficient to evoke threshold warmth sensation, permitted intracutaneous temperature changes to be calculated. All such changes producing a threshold warmth sensation caused a temperature rise of about 0.
Multimodal signalling: structural ultraviolet reflectance predicts male mating success better than pheromones in the butterfly Colias eurytheme L. (Pieridae)

In sexual selection, multimodal signals elicit mate choice when more than one sensory modality is activated. However, determining the relative use of each signal is difficult because it requires a comprehensive understanding of the mating system and how this system works under natural conditions. We examined the role of structural ultraviolet (UV) reflectance and pheromones in the butterfly Colias eurytheme. Both traits are important in mediating interspecific interactions and pheromones have been implicated in intraspecific mate choice. UV reflectance, which arises from the presence of a multilayer thin-film interference array, has potential as an honest indicator of male condition, viability and/or age. We investigated the relevance of these signal traits to courtship success by releasing virgin females in the path of free-flying males until each female had rejected and accepted at least one male. This design facilitated a within-subjects (females) analysis of mate choice, thus controlling for potentially confounding variation in intrinsic female receptivity. Principal component analysis indicated that variation across males in UV brightness and pheromones was essentially orthogonal. Females preferred younger males (as subjectively adjudged by wing wear), and while age covaried with UV brightness and almost all pheromone descriptors, UV brightness emerged as the best and most general predictor of male mating success. Our results suggest that this trait serves as an important intraspecific sexual signal in C. eurytheme, and they provide the clearest evidence to date regarding the functional relevance of structural coloration to female mate choice in butterflies. We discuss the preferential use of one secondary sexual characteristic (UV reflectance) over another (pheromones) with regard to evolutionary strategies.
The burden of childhood asthma

Paediatric asthma is a major clinical concern worldwide and represents a huge burden on family and society. It accounts for a large number of lost school days and may deprive the child of both academic achievement and social interaction. Childhood asthma also places strain on healthcare resources as a result of doctor and hospital visits and the cost of treatment. The prevalence of asthma varies worldwide, possibly because of different exposure to respiratory infection, indoor and outdoor pollution, and diet. Certain risk factors appear to predispose children to developing asthma and atopic disease, including incidence and severity of wheezing, atopy, maternal smoking, and number of fever episodes. This paper discusses the burden, prevalence, and risk factors associated with paediatric asthma.
Adaptive wavelet packet based image coding with optimal entropy-constrained lattice vector quantizer (ECLVQ)

In this work, wavelet basis and source coding are jointly optimized, while specifying the source coding strategy as entropy-constrained lattice vector quantizer (ECLVQ). The presented approach differs from previous works in which the choice of wavelet basis is quasioptimal, but the quantizer set is optimally chosen.
Mobility of RPA 201772 in Setaria faberi

Abstract Translocation and metabolism of radiolabeled RPA 201772 was studied in Setaria faberi. Tissue-killing heat girdles were used to determine the extent of RPA 201772 transport in the apoplast and symplast. In leaf uptake studies, girdling was performed above and below the treated area on the leaf. In root uptake studies, girdling was performed on the stem just above the crown. Girdling restricted translocation of 14C following both the root and leaf applications. However, translocation occurred past the girdles suggesting that both the symplast and apoplast are involved in translocation of 14C from RPA 201772. Translocation of 14C out of the treated leaf was reduced 85% with a girdle below the 14C spotting area. In root metabolism studies, 27, 40, and 33% of recovered 14C were identified as parent RPA 201772, diketonitrile, and other metabolites, respectively, 24 h after treatment (HAT). Conversion from parent RPA 201772 to diketonitrile was more extensive in leaf tissue than in roots with 10, 68, a...
Imaging the Effects of Systemic Metabolic Diseases on the Brain

Brain function depends on a consistent supply of oxygen and glucose. Many systemic disorders that interfere with the metabolism of these two substances result in neurological dysfunction. The brain is commonly affected by disorders primarily involving the heart, liver, kidneys, blood, and endocrine organs. Most cardiac disorders result in ischemic brain damage and are not addressed here. The most common liver disorders to affect the brain are those resulting in acute and chronic hepatic failure. The central nervous system (CNS) is also affected by disorders of the metabolism of elemental substances such as salts and metals. The most common disorders in this category involve those related to copper, sodium, and iron metabolism. CNS injuries may also result from extraneous substances, either toxic or those used as medications. Substances toxic to the CNS include carbon monoxide, glycol, lead, methanol, mercury, and toluene. In this paper, I also address miscellaneous disorders including hypoglycemia, anorexia nervosa, chronic fatigue syndrome, porphyria and amyloidosis and their effects on the CNS. CNS disorders may also be associated with gastrointestinal disorders.
Analysis of a Solar Updraft Tower Utilizing Compost Waste Heat

This paper presents the results for a feasibility study of a solar chimney which uses low-grade waste heat from compost in conjunction with solar energy transmitted via a transparent roof top. The feasibility study shows that the solar chimney’s turbine power increases with pressure ratio, the height of the chimney as well as the differential temperature in the chamber. This paper also outlines the thermodynamic modeling related to using waste heat from composting to increase the air temperature in the inlet chamber of a solar chimney. It is found that from this analysis that the average temperature in the chamber increases as a function of the chimney inlet chamber axial length. For a chimney 1150 ft (350 m) high and 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter processing 8000 tons of composting material it is found that a power output of 38 kW can be harnessed at the turbine.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein 120 alters sleep and induces cytokine mRNA expression in rats [published errata appear in Am J Physiol 1996 Aug;271(2 Pt 2):section R following table of contents and 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 3):section R following table of contents]

Sleep is altered during the course of viral infection, including that in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent. Alterations in the sleep of HIV-infected individuals occur early in the course of infection, prior to the onset of AIDS. The mechanisms for such alterations in sleep are not known. The HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) induces the synthesis and secretion of cytokines that enhance [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor] and suppress (e.g., IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist) sleep. We used a well-defined rat model to test the hypothesis that the HIV gp120 alters sleep. Recombinant HIV-1IIIB gp120 was injected intracerebroventricularly (20- 500 ng) into rats prior to dark onset. Sleep-wake behavior was not altered after the 20-ng dose, whereas both non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) were initially enhanced and subsequently suppressed after the 100-ng dose. NREMS was enhanced for 8 h after the 500-ng dose; REMS was not affected by this dose. Brain temperature was not altered by any of the gp120 doses used in this study. In addition, mRNA expression for IL-1 beta and IL-10 was induced in the hypothalamus by gp120; this brain region is crucial for the regulation of sleep. These new data support the hypothesis that altered cytokine concentrations within the central nervous system play a pivotal role in the complex alterations in sleep observed during HIV infection.
Acute and chronic effects of allergic airway inflammation on pulmonary nitric oxide production

Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be an important modulator of airway function in normal and inflamed airways. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of induced allergic airway inflammation on...
The effect of criminal convictions on real estate agent decisions in New York City

AbstractPrior research suggests that a felony conviction limits housing opportunities. This study used an experimental audit design to determine the effect of a felony conviction on real estate agent willingness to accept prospective clients. A male and a female ‘tester’ posing as apartment seekers called real estate agents in New York City to ask for assistance renting an apartment. Conviction type was manipulated such that testers posed as non-offenders (control) or as having a prior conviction for either drug trafficking, statutory rape, or child molestation (experimental groups) to measure the extent to which offense type influenced agent responses. Analyses indicated that a prior conviction was associated with a significant decrease in agent willingness to accept prospective clients, most notably for those with child molestation conviction. Agents were more willing to help prospective clients seeking more expensive apartments, although the time of year nullified the effect of cost. The results sugges...
Efficient Analysis of Systems Biology Markup Language Models of Cellular Populations Using Arrays.

The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) has been widely used for modeling biological systems. Although SBML has been successful in representing a wide variety of biochemical models, the core standard lacks the structure for representing large complex regular systems in a standard way, such as whole-cell and cellular population models. These models require a large number of variables to represent certain aspects of these types of models, such as the chromosome in the whole-cell model and the many identical cell models in a cellular population. While SBML core is not designed to handle these types of models efficiently, the proposed SBML arrays package can represent such regular structures more easily. However, in order to take full advantage of the package, analysis needs to be aware of the arrays structure. When expanding the array constructs within a model, some of the advantages of using arrays are lost. This paper describes a more efficient way to simulate arrayed models. To illustrate the proposed ...
Effect of dilantin sodium on growth of human fibroblast-like cell cultures.

SummaryAddition of sodium diphenyl-hydantoinate (Dilantin Sodium) to tissue culture of human fibroblast-like cells resulted in stimulation of their proliferation. A similar but more limited stimulation to proliferation occurred with HeLa cells but there was no detectable effect on cells isolated from rat fibrosarcoma.
Expediting Assessment of Damaged Buildings during Disaster Response Using Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The complexity of planning after a catastrophic incident is significantly influenced by disruption of critical infrastructure like transportation and telecommunication systems, making it very difficult to achieve a credible common operating picture to respond to the disaster. To increase situational awareness, it is important for first responders to acquire and share building information like structural damage and probability of further collapse of buildings at the disaster site. Current paper-based communications take 24 to 48 hours (or longer) to reach command centers causing response activities to begin without an assessment of critical needs. This paper proposes a framework that allows structural engineers to seamlessly exchange critical information about affected buildings with first responders based on establishment of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). In a mobile wireless ad hoc network, computers (nodes) in the network cooperate to forward packets for each other, due to the limited wireless transmission range of each individual node. Since MANET do not require any communication infrastructure, they are ideal for communicating during disasters. Adopting such a framework will help planners prioritize search and rescue operations more effectively.
David versus Goliath: Risk and Weaker State Confrontation

Confronting a more powerful rival can be a risky proposition. This paper integrates prospect theory into the growing Neoclassical Realist (NCR) literature to identify the conditions under which decision makers are most likely to accept foreign policy risks. I argue that decision makers governing regimes with low levels of political counterframing are more likely to settle into a dominant loss frame when their external security environment erodes. This increases the probability that they will initiate disputes with more powerful adversaries. To assess this proposition, I conduct a test of weaker state confrontation grounded in a NCR framework that utilizes the insights from prospect theory. Data come from the postwar era and support my hypothesis. Loss frames exert influence over the decision to initiate risky foreign policy strategies in regimes in which political counterframing is absent.
The Life Curve and Peak Forcasting of China Steel Industry

This paper first introduce the theory of industry life cycle, using the demonstration of developed countries steel industry, then analyze the Chinese steel industry by analogism and S curve together, finally get the peak time and inflexion time, and analyze the result using different index. With the development of Chinas economy, Chinese steel production is rising, which has produced some problems. The estimation of peak is useful to continuable development of Chinese steel industry.
The Surveillance Of Antibody Levels Of Influenza A/H1N1 Virus And Evaluation Of The Effects Of Influenza A/H1N1 Vaccine In The Healthy Population Of Baohe District,Hefei City

Objective To study the antibody levels of influenza A /H1N1 Virus and the status of influenza A/H1N1 virus infection in healthy population of Bao-he district.Methods Using multi-level sampling method,638 subjects were selected randomly and surveyed.The serological specimens from 638 subjects were separated and detected using haemoglutinin inhibition(HI).ResultsAmong healthy population,the protective antibody level had significant difference between people accepted vaccine and people who were not inoculated.ConclusionInfluenza H1N1 vaccine was still one of the most effective ways to prevent the influenza pandemic.
How to miscompile programs with benign data races

Several prior research contributions [15, 9] have explored the problem of distinguishing "benign" and harmful data races to make it easier for programmers to focus on a subset of the output from a data race detector. Here we argue that, although such a distinction makes sense at the machine code level, it does not make sense at the C or C++ source code level. n one sense, this is obvious: The upcoming thread specifications for both languages [6, 7] treat all data races as errors, as does the current Posix threads specification. And experience has shown that it is difficult or impossible to specify anything else. [1, 2] Nonetheless many programmers clearly believe, along with [15] that certain kinds of data races can be safely ignored in practice because they will produce expected results with all reasonable implementations. Here we show that all kinds of C or C++ source-level "benign" races discussed in the literature can in fact lead to incorrect execution as a result of perfectly reasonable compiler transformations, or when the program is moved to a different hardware platform. Thus there is no reason to believe that a currently working program with "benign races" will continue to work when it is recompiled. Perhaps most surprisingly, this includes even the case of potentially concurrent writes of the same value by different threads.
Introduction: Defining Liberalism

From the beginning, nineteenth-century European liberalism was defined by its contradictions. There were contradictions within liberal attitudes to the past, among liberal ideas about present-day tactics, and even in liberal projects for the future. This is why it has been so hard to define liberalism. Historians have even had trouble deciding whether liberalism should be considered a “left-wing” or a “right-wing” movement — as did nineteenth-century observers. Much depends on how left-wing and right-wing are defined, of course, but to give an example, when the nineteenth-century left and right are described as the confident vs the anxious, liberalism will forever remain in limbo, for the reason that liberals were, by definition, both.1 They were both the confident heirs of Voltaire and the frightened successors of Robespierre.
Effect of atropine in reducing plasma protein shedding by the canine oxyntic glandular mucosa induced by topical irrigation with histamine or cobra venom.

The shedding of plasma protein by the canine oxyntic glandular mucosa induced by topical irrigation of the mucosa with a solution of histamine after the gastric mucosal barrier is broken is reduced by intravenous administration of atropine. Plasma shedding induced by repeated irrigation of the normal mucosa with solutions of Naja naja venom is likewise reduced by intravenous atropine. The nature of atro- pine-sensitive component of plasma shedding is unknown.
Assessment of right ventricular function. Role of nuclear imaging techniques.

Nuclear imaging techniques are useful in studying right ventricular size, contractility, regional wall motion, and ejection fraction. These studies can be used to obtain relevant information about right ventricular function in various cardiopulmonary diseases.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency – from Discovery to Newborn Screening

Abstract Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) leads to life-threatening infections and early mortality unless the immune system can be restored through a bone marrow transplant, enzyme replacement or gene therapy. The great majority of infants with SCID who lack a family history have been diagnosed since the 1950s only after developing serious infections. The better outcomes of infants whose SCID was recognized and treated early led to efforts to institute population-based screening, an approach that was started for metabolic diseases and has also proven useful for other rare, treatable conditions that are not clinically evident at birth. The measurement of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in DNA obtained from dried blood spots used for routine newborn screening identifies infants with most forms of SCID and also additional infants with low T-lymphocyte numbers due to other conditions. As predicted in the 1990s, early identification of SCID through universal newborn screening, first undertaken in 2008 and now increasingly widely performed, makes possible life-saving intervention before infections occur. The institution of TREC screening has called for new definitions of T-lymphopenic disorders based on pre-symptomatic laboratory measurement of blood parameters and offers new potential to define the incidence, spectrum and underlying basis of these disorders as well as to optimize their treatments.
High-isolation multi-port millimetre-wave CMOS dual-band T/R switch with integrated band-pass filtering function

Fully integrated 0.18-µm CMOS dual-band band-pass filtering transmit/receive (T/R) switch operating in two frequency bands of 35.5–43.7 and 56.5–63 GHz is reported. The developed T/R switch consists of three single-pole double-throw switches, each designed based on a band-pass filter with shunt nMOS transistors performing the switching function. The measured insertion losses of the switch are 8.9/12.5 and 10/12.7 dB for receiving and transmitting operations at 40/60 GHz, respectively. The measured stop-band rejection ratio between 40 and 51 GHz is over 30/22 dB for two operations, respectively. The measured isolation is 56/51 and 57/51 dB for two operations at 40/60 GHz, respectively. The measured input 1-dB compression points of the switch are 23, 16.5 for single-tone 40-, 60-GHz input signal and 18/14 dBm at 40/60 GHz for concurrent dual-tone 40/60-GHz input signals for transmitting operation, respectively. The total chip size is 1840 µm × 860 µm excluding all the testing pads.
Towards interpretation of intermolecular paramagnetic relaxation enhancement outside the fast exchange limit

In an exchanging system between major and minor species, the transverse paramagnetic relaxation enhancement rate observed on the resonances of the major species (Γ 2 app ) is dependent upon the exchange regime between the species. Quantitative analysis of PRE data in such systems typically assumes that the overall exchange rate k ex between the species is fast on the PRE time scale (k ex ≫ Γ2). Recently, we have characterized the kinetics of binding of the model protein ubiquitin to large (LUV) and small (SUV) unilamellar lipid-based nanoparticles or liposomes (Ceccon A, Tugarinov V, Bax A, Clore GM (2016). J Am Chem Soc 138:5789–5792). Building upon these results and taking advantage of a strong paramagnetic agent with an isotropic g-tensor, Gd3+, we were able to measure intermolecular methyl carbon and proton PREs between paramagnetically-tagged liposomes and ubiquitin. In the limit of fast exchange (k ex ≫ Γ2) the ratio of the apparent proton to carbon methyl PREs, (1Hm–Γ 2 app )/(13Cm–Γ 2 app ), is equal to the square of the ratio of the gyromagnetic ratios of the two nuclei, (γΗ/γC)2. However, outside the fast exchange regime, under intermediate exchange conditions (e.g. when Γ2 is comparable in magnitude to k ex) the (1Hm–Γ 2 app )/(13Cm–Γ 2 app ) ratio provides a reliable measure of the ‘true’ methyl PREs.
Large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning using image-based state representation

With its high-dimensional state and action space, large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a challenging problem. Centralized approximate RL is impractical to deal with this because the search cost grows exponentially with the number of agents. Further, traditional decentralized approaches require delicate model-specific decomposition and communication within multi-agent system (MAS). Recently, however, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been successfully integrated into perceptional RL with high-dimensional input images. If the information of a MAS can also be recorded by a stack of images, the spatial correlation would be naturally represented by ‘pixel’ positions and the kernel filter that allows for the multi-scale communications in MAS. Based on this observation, this paper proposes a new image-based representation for MARL by combining CNN for feature extraction and linear regression for Q-function approximation. Additionally, we perform decentralized search for the optimal action based on the structure of the learning model, and then propose a distributed fitted Q-iteration framework for general-purpose MARL. Initial experiments demonstrate that this CNN-enhanced RL agent has competitive performance when compared to the traditional ones, which learn from a manually designed flat feature representation. These encouraging results demonstrate that the image-based representation can provide promising opportunities to represent and analyze large-scale MARL using deep learning techniques.
Predicting Intent Using Activity Logs: How Goal Specificity and Temporal Range Affect User Behavior

People have different intents in using online platforms. They may be trying to accomplish specific, short-term goals, or less well-defined, longer-term goals. While understanding user intent is fundamental to the design and personalization of online platforms, little is known about how intent varies across individuals, or how it relates to their behavior. Here, we develop a framework for understanding intent in terms of goal specificity and temporal range. Our methodology combines survey-based methodology with an observational analysis of user activity. Applying this framework to Pinterest, we surveyed nearly 6000 users to quantify their intent, and then studied their subsequent behavior on the web site. We find that goal specificity is bimodal - users tend to be either strongly goal-specific or goal-nonspecific. Goal-specific users search more and consume less content in greater detail than goal-nonspecific users: they spend more time using Pinterest, but are less likely to return in the near future. Users with short-term goals are also more focused and more likely to refer to past saved content than users with long-term goals, but less likely to save content for the future. Further, intent can vary by demographic, and with the topic of interest. Last, we show that user's intent and activity are intimately related by building a model that can predict a user's intent for using Pinterest after observing their activity for only two minutes. Altogether, this work shows how intent can be predicted from user behavior.
Venous Hemodynamics After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparison Between Portable vs Stationary Pneumatic Compression Devices and the Effect of Body Position.

Abstract Background Improvements in device design have allowed for portable pneumatic compression devices (PPCDs). However, portability results in smaller pumps that move less blood. Additionally, although patients often stand when wearing PPCDs, few studies have evaluated the hemodynamic effects of PCDs while standing. Methods A crossover study was performed to compare a PPCD (ActiveCare+S.F.T.; Medical Compression Systems, Or Akiva, Israel) to a stationary pneumatic compression device (SPCD) (VenaFlow; DJO Global, Carlsbad, CA) on hemodynamics in supine and standing positions among 2 cohorts composed of 10 controls and 10 total hip arthroplasty patients. Differences in baseline peak venous velocity (PVV), PVV with each PCD, and delta PVV with each PCD were assessed. A multivariate analysis was performed to examine differences between cohorts, devices, and position. Results In both positions, the SPCD demonstrated a larger change in PVV when compared to the PPCD (P Conclusion The SPCD demonstrated a greater capacity to increase PPV in the supine and standing positions. The SPCD generated greater values of PVV and delta PVV in the standing position. Although these results demonstrate a difference between devices, it is important to establish the PVV necessary to prevent VTE before one is considered more effective.
Abstract 193: IV TPA Administration to Eligible Patients at Certified Primary Stroke Centers

Introduction: The use of IV TPA at Primary Stroke Centers (PSCs) is a key performance metric that can greatly impact patient outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Concerns remain about whether PSCs...
Focusing Microwaves in the Fresnel Zone With a Cavity-Backed Holographic Metasurface

We present the design and experimental demonstration of a cavity-backed, holographic metasurface capable of focusing microwaves in the Fresnel zone. The circular cavity consists of two stacked plates: microwaves are injected into the bottom plate via a coaxial connector, which forms the feed layer, and are coupled to the top holographic metasurface layer via an annular ring on the periphery of the cavity. This coupling results in an inward traveling cylindrical wave in the top layer, which serves as the reference wave for the hologram. A sparse array of slots, patterned into the upper plate, constitutes the hologram that produces the focal spot. To mitigate high sidelobe levels and improve performance, a tapered design, facilitated by varying the slot size, is also introduced. The proposed designs—which have a 10-cm diameter, operate at 20 GHz, and form a focal spot at a distance of 10 cm—are validated using full-wave simulations as well as measurements of fabricated samples. The proposed focusing metasurface may find application as a compact source for Fresnel zone wireless power transfer and remote sensing schemes.
Using Social Network Analysis to Evaluate Academic Assistance Networks in a Holistic Education Secondary School

One goal of Erdkinder schools is for students and teachers to provide academic assistance to their peers, particularly to less-knowledgeable ones. However, traditional educational evaluations do not provide a means to investigate the exchange of academic help. This study piloted the use of social network analysis to describe academic assistance relationships within a Montessori secondary school. Using a network survey, social network data concerning the exchange of academic help were collected from 23 students and 8 teachers. The results show that while students provide help to both fellow students and teachers, teachers are the main source of assistance for students. In some subjects, a few students and teachers neither provided nor received assistance, indicating another area for improvement. The results of a multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (multiple regression-QAP) show that for most subjects, their willingness to help others was not significantly influenced by their own personal level of knowledge. Thus, more-knowledgeable individuals do not provide more assistance to less-knowledgeable peers. To adhere to Erdkinder principles, this school should encourage more-knowledgeable students to recognize their responsibility to help others and to actually help those who need support. This pilot yielded valuable information, and social network analysis warrants further study within holistic education.
Management of metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: FIGO stages II-IV: risk factor score > or = 7.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment of metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), including durable complete response rates to chemotherapy, factors affecting response to therapy, and overall survival. STUDY DESIGN: Forty women with metastatic high-risk GTN (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stages II―IV, score ≥ 7) completed treatment between 1986 (when EMA-CO became the standard chemotherapy for high-risk disease) and 2009, including 26 who were treated primarily and 14 who were treated secondarily. Patients who had incomplete responses or developed resistance to EMA-CO or other methotrexate-containing regimens were treated with drug combinations employing etoposide and a platinum agent with or without bleomycin or ifosfamide. Adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery were used in selected patients. Clinical response and survival as well as factors affecting outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 90% (36 of 40): 92% (24/26) for primary treatment and 86% (12/14) for secondary treatment. Twenty-one patients (53%) had durable complete clinical responses to initial treatment, 15 patients (37%) developed resistance to initial chemotherapy but were subsequently placed into lasting remission with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without surgery and 4 patients (10%) died of widespread metastatic disease. Durable complete clinical response to initial chemotherapy was significantly influenced by FIGO stage (II and III, 63%, vs. IV, 31%, p = 0.05) and risk factor score (< 12, 71 %, vs. ≥ 12, 32%, p < 0.02). Survival was also significantly associated with both FIGO stage (II and III, 100%, vs. IV, 69%, p < 0.01) and score (< 12, 100%, vs. ≥ 12, 79%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of EMA-CO chemotherapy as primary treatment and platinum-based chemotherapy along with surgical excision of resistant disease as secondary treatment for patients with metastatic high-risk GTN resulted in a survival rate of 90%. All patients who died had FIGO stage IV and risk factors scores ≥ 12.
Chapter 3 Physical Chemistry of Formation of Carbonates

Summary Modern, unconsolidated, carbonate sediments are composed predominantly of metastable carbonate minerals, whereas ancient carbonate rocks are made up of calcite and dolomite. If ancient carbonates were predominantly metastable prior to lithification, then in order to preserve the original textures solid-state recrystallization must have been operative instead of solution-reprecipitation of aragonite to calcite. Aragonite in contact with distilled water completely recrystallizes to calcite in approximately 100 days at 23°C. Recrystallization rate of aragonite to calcite increases with increasing concentration of calcium ions and increasing temperature. Magnesium, on the other hand, retards recrystallization of aragonite to calcite if the weight ratio of aragonite to magnesium is 804 or less.
Ocean Color Calculations

A matrix operator method (Plass et al, 1973a, 1973b; Kattawar et al, 1980) has been developed which calculates accurately the radiance and irradiance based on an atmosphere-ocean model. The reflection and refraction of the radiation at the ocean surface is taken into account. The distribution of scattering and absorbing centers may vary within the atmosphere and ocean, while the scattering is represented by Mie phase functions. A bottom surface to the ocean with any desired albedo may also be introduced into the model.
Arrangements and Their Applications

Abstract The arrangement of a finite collection of geometric objects is the decomposition of the space into connected cells induced by them. We survey combinatorial and algorithmic properties of arrangements of arcs in the plane and of surface patches in higher dimensions. We present many applications of arrangements to problems in motion planning, visualization, range searching, molecular modeling, and geometric optimization. Some results involving planar arrangements of arcs have been presented in Chapter 1 of this Handbook, and are extended in this chapter to higher dimensions.
Association of preoperative spinal drain placement with spinal cord ischemia among patients undergoing thoracic and thoracoabdominal endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is among the most devastating complications of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Spinal fluid drainage has been proposed as a viable means to reduce SCI, but few data exist to support its routine use. This study investigated the association of preoperative spinal fluid drainage with the risk of SCI after TEVAR. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative TEVAR module was queried for adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing TEVAR (coverage of zones 0-5) between September 2014 and March 2018 (inclusive). Patients with preoperative spinal malperfusion, aortic rupture on presentation, and connective tissue disorders were excluded. One-to-one propensity matching was used to balance patients on 44 separate dimensions by the nearest neighbor principle to compare those with vs those without preoperative spinal drainage. The primary end point was SCI still present at the time of discharge. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and prolonged intensive care unit stay (>7 days). Results Among 4287 patients who underwent TEVAR (mean age, 67.1 [standard deviation, 13.7] years; 1665 [38.8%] women and 2622 [61.2%] men), 2076 had a spinal drain placed. Propensity matching yielded 1292 pairs with adequate covariate balance (all 44 absolute standardized differences Conclusions Among patients undergoing thoracic and thoracoabdominal endovascular aortic repair, preoperative placement of a spinal drain, compared with no drain, was associated with reduced risk of SCI. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage as a rescue measure does not provide the same protection offered by routine preoperative placement. Further investigation, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to more definitively determine the role for spinal drainage in TEVAR.
The Role of Coping Strategies in Understanding the Effects of Institutional Racism on Mental Health Outcomes for African American Men

The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies as moderators of the effects of institutional racism on psychological outcomes for a sample of 283 self-identified African American men. W...
Examining the Correlation Between Altmetric Score and Citations in the Urology Literature.

Abstract Objective To determine if article Altmetric scores correlate with journal impact factor and citation count in the urologic literature. Methods We identified the top 10 most-cited articles for the 15 urology journals with the highest impact factor in 2013 and 2016. Citation count and Altmetric scores were recorded for each of the articles. The journal impact factor and date of Twitter account development were recorded for each of the journals. The variables were analyzed in Microsoft excel using Pearson's correlation testing. Results A total of 300 articles were analyzed. In 2013, Altmetric scores and citation number showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.164, P = .045), although Altmetric scores did not correlate with journal impact factor (r = 0.005, P = .957). In 2016, there was significant positive correlation between Altmetric scores and citation number (r = 0.268, P = .0009), as well as between Altmetric scores and journal impact factor (r = 0.201, P = .014). The total citation count decreased from 15,235 in 2013 to 8622 in 2016 while the total Altmetric score increased from 1135 in 2013 to 2563 in 2016. Older Twitter accounts were not associated with increasing correlations between Altmetric score and bibliometrics in either 2013 (r = 0.221, P = .54) or 2016 (r = 0.083, P = .819). Conclusion At this point in time, Altmetric score is only weakly correlated with citation counts in the urology literature. Altmetrics and traditional bibliometrics should be viewed as complements to one another rather than surrogates when determining research dissemination and impact.
Comments on Gideon Yaffe, The Age of Culpability: Children and the Nature of Criminal Responsibility (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018)

Gideon Yaffe argues that children should be treated as less culpable by the criminal justice system because children have little political say over the law. I analyze several elements of Yaffe’s argument and express qualified agreement with his thesis. Though I reject the role he assigns to the notions of desert and legal reasons, I agree that people who lack political power are less accountable to the criminal justice system’s legal authorities.
EHBP1 and EHD2 Regulate Dll4 Caveolin-Mediated Endocytosis During Blood Vessel Development

ABSTRACT Despite the absolute requirement of Delta/Notch signaling to activate lateral inhibition during early blood vessel development, many mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify EHD2 and EHBP1 as novel regulators of Notch activation in endothelial cells through controlling endocytosis of Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4). Knockout of EHBP1 and EHD2 in zebrafish produced a significant increase in ectopic sprouts in zebrafish intersomitic vessels during development and a reduction in downstream Notch signaling. In vitro, EHBP1 and EHD2 localized to plasma membrane-bound Dll4 and actin independently of clathrin. Disruption of caveolin endocytosis resulted in EHBP1 and EHD2 failing to organize around Dll4 as well as loss of Dll4 internalization in endothelial cells. Overall, we demonstrate that EHBP1 and EHD2 regulate Dll4 endocytosis by anchoring caveolar endocytic pits to the actin cytoskeleton.