cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of Risk Preferences to Facilitate Customer-Portfolio Manager Interactions

The market for securities provides investors with opportunities to purchase a higher expected rate of return if and only if they are willing to assume more risk. The nature of this tradeoff is well documented in the literature; see Sharpe [4] for an explanation and other references. Institutions and customers are becoming aware that the selection of a portfolio is primarily the selection of a risk-return combination and that more of one necessarily means more of the other, Hence, taking account of the risk preferences of the customer by the portfolio manager becomes increasingly important.
Drosophila Models of Tauopathy

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer disease (AD), are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein Tau that leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie Tau pathophysiology is still incomplete. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged in the past decade as an excellent model for neurodegenerative diseases. Drosophila models of tauopathy display prominent features of the human disease, including compromised lifespan; impairments of learning, memory, and locomotor functions; and age-dependent neurodegeneration visible as vacuolization. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of tauopathy and the methodology of using Drosophila to model tauopathies. We discuss the findings from Drosophila models and the molecular insights into Tau toxicity that Drosophila studies have provided. We further present the value of Drosophila models in genetic and small-molecule screens to identify neuroprotective strategies against tauopathy.
Mixed spectral types for the one-frequency discrete quasi-periodic Schrödinger operator

We consider a family of one frequency discrete analytic quasi-periodic Schrodinger operators which appear in [Bjer]. We show that this family provides an example of coexistence of absolutely continuous and point spectrum for some parameters as well as coexistence of absolutely continuous and singular continuous spectrum for some other parameters.
“The misery of being exploited by capitalists is nothing compared to the misery of not being exploited at all”?: a predicament for applied anthropology

This article takes up a central predicament of applied anthropology: The development of adequate scientific explanatory theory and choosing to do so on behalf of disempowered groups that are themselves incorporated into the design of, and, indeed, the primary purpose of, the research in the first place that goes against traditional research standards. The dilemma, then, is how applied practitioners can remain true to scientific objectives while at the same time make their research relevant to and in the service of marginalized sectors of society. The article begins by considering Karl Marx as an applied theorist, then refers to well-known models of a Marx-inspired applied approach through praxis. A call by anthropologist Leigh Binford (Dialect. Anthropol., 2019) to abolish Temporary Foreign Worker Programs based on his study of Canada’s Seasonal Agriculture Worker Program is evaluated vis-a-vis how this approach theorizes structural determinants such as class formation and social reproduction, how it participates in a reciprocal process of dialog and mutual education with interlocutors and those interested parties affected by the program through research and teaching, and how it activates cooperatively designed revolutionary advocacy.
Emotionally valenced stimuli impact response inhibition in those with substance use disorder and co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms.

Abstract Background Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with impaired response inhibition. Given the deficits in emotion regulation associated with SUD, it is unclear if this impairment is exacerbated by emotionally valenced stimuli. Co-occurring conditions may further exacerbate these impairments as many co-occurring conditions further impact emotion regulation. It was hypothesized that negative stimuli may further impact response inhibition for this population. Methods The current study used the stop-signal task to examine response inhibition to negative, neutral and positive stimuli in a sample of those with a history of SUD and co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms. Results Response inhibition was poorer for negative stimuli relative to neutral stimuli. There was no difference between negative and positive stimuli. Depression severity moderated the difference between response inhibition for negative and neutral stimuli. At elevated depression, response inhibition was worse and there was no difference across emotional stimuli. At low depression, there was a significant difference between negative and neutral stimuli. This effect was not found for anxiety symptoms. Limitations Study participants presented with polysubstance use of varying duration and amount. It is unclear whether findings are attributed to specific substances, or substance use broadly. Additionally, happy, angry, and calm facial emotions were used to represent positive, negative, and neutral valences respectively. It is unclear whether these findings are generalizable to other emotional expressions. Conclusion Results suggested that emotionally valenced stimuli affected response inhibition among those with low symptom severity. At elevated symptom severity, response inhibition to all stimuli were impaired.
Rectoperineal Fistula Repair Through Perineal Approach, Martius Flap, and House Advancement Flap

A rectoperineal fistula (RPF) is a relatively rare, non-life-threatening form of anorectal malformation that nevertheless causes significant physical discomfort, and remains technically challenging for surgeons to treat. We present a case of a 72-year-old female with a history of a recurrent perianal fistula with multiple approaches including endorectal advancement flap previously attempted. Our procedure involved laparoscopic loop ileostomy with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, and RPF repair through the perineal approach with primary repair involving Martius flap and house advancement flaps. The patient tolerated the procedure well with no known peri-operative complications and resolution of stool incontinence at subsequent post-operative visits, the first within a month of the procedure. This case was used to demonstrate and highlight the surgical technique of the RPF repair by Martius flap. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for video recording for educational purposes.
The Future of RT/TR Education: Results from the ATRA Higher Education Task Force Study

In 2016, the American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) Board of Directors created a task force within its Higher Education Committee to study the educational requirements for entry-level education in recreational therapy/therapeutic recreation (RT/TR) and make recommendations to the Board. From 2016-2018, the task force planned and implemented a multiphase mixed methods study with approximately 2,000 RT/ TR practitioners, educators, students, and credentialing and accrediting bodies from across the United States and Canada. During the first phase of the study, in-person focus groups were completed with 25 practitioner groups (N=257), 10 educator groups (N=49), and 17 student groups (N=222) at 19 state and regional conferences and meetings, as well as during four online focus groups using the Zoom videoconferencing platform. Interviews were conducted with board members of six RT/TR credentialing and accrediting bodies. During the second phase of the study, online surveys were completed by RT/TR practitioners (N=1,663), educators (N=141), and students (N=483). The central finding suggests the most current and pressing need in higher education is to improve the quality and consistency of the bachelor’s degree in RT/TR. Five mixed-method results supporting the central finding are presented, and data-driven recommendations to improve professional preparation in RT/TR are discussed. Subscribe to TRJ
Religion and Violence Against Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Cyclical Minority Stress Model

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) are at a heightened vulnerability for a range of adverse outcomes as a function of the bias and discrimination they face in their social environment. Many of these adverse outcomes, in turn, become added stressors for these individuals. The stressor-mediator-outcome model creates a visual representation of how many SGM persons find themselves embedded in a cycle of adversity. Religious experiences interweave into this cycle, often mediating the relationships between stressors and negative outcomes. The violence of discrimination and internalized stigma is mediated by the influences of religion/spirituality, which alleviate or exacerbate negative outcomes for SGM persons. A secondary cycle, employing the perspective of a parent, addresses the identification of an SGM child as a stressor. Religiosity carries the potential to mediate the resulting parental responses from rejection to acceptance. In the extreme case of child ejection, a sub-cycle of homelessness develops. Homelessness, in turn, becomes a stressor that often results in street violence and victimization for sexual and/or gender minorities. Implications for treatment and recommendations for future research are reviewed in each section of the chapter.
The Role of Vertebral Porosity and Implant Loading Mode on Bone-Tissue Stress in the Human Vertebral Body Following Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty.

STUDY DESIGN Micro-computed tomography- (micro-CT-) based finite element analysis of cadaveric human lumbar vertebrae virtually implanted with total disc arthroplasty (TDA) implants. OBJECTIVE (1) Assess the relationship between vertebral porosity and maximum levels of bone-tissue stress following TDA; (2) determine whether the implant's loading mode (axial compression vs. sagittal bending) alters the relationship between vertebral porosity and bone-tissue stress. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Implant subsidence may be related to the bone biomechanics in the underlying vertebral body, which are poorly understood. For example, it remains unclear how the stresses that develop in the supporting bone tissue depend on the implant's loading mode or on typical inter-individual variations in vertebral morphology. METHODS Data from micro-CT scans from 12 human lumbar vertebrae (8 males, 4 females; 51-89 years of age; bone volume fraction [BV/TV] = 0.060-0.145) were used to construct high-resolution finite element models (37 μm element edge length) comprising disc-vertebra-implant motion segments. Implants were loaded to 800 N of force in axial compression, flexion-, and extension-induced impingement. For comparison, the same net loads were applied via an intact disc without an implant. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between BV/TV, loading mode, and the specimen-specific change in stress caused by implantation. RESULTS The increase in maximum bone-tissue stress caused by implantation depended on loading mode (P < 0.001), increasing more in bending-induced impingement than axial compression (for the same applied force). The change in maximum stress was significantly associated with BV/TV (P = 0.002): higher porosity vertebrae experienced a disproportionate increase in stress compared with lower porosity vertebrae. There was a significant interaction between loading mode and BV/TV (P = 0.002), indicating that loading mode altered the relationship between BV/TV and the change in maximum bone-tissue stress. CONCLUSION Typically-sized TDA implants disproportionately increase the bone-tissue stress in more porous vertebrae; this affect is accentuated when the implant impinges in sagittal bending.Level of Evidence: N/A.
Communicating and Understanding Ecosystem Services Assessment With Coastal Stakeholders: Obstacles and Opportunities

This paper reports on insights and lessons learned from stakeholder engagement, particularly focus groups, conducted during a multi-year, NOAA-sponsored transdisciplinary project. A major project goal was to demonstrate and communicate benefits of natural and nature-based features (NNBFs) (e.g., barrier islands, dunes, and marshes) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico region through the lens of economic impacts and ecosystem services. Overall, the findings indicate economic impacts and ecosystem services can be challenging topics to communicate because of complexity in conceptualization and valuation. From our experiences, we recommend using “ecosystem services assessment” (ESA), a more encompassing, accurate, and understandable term to stakeholders. ESA recognizes the integrated human (or built) and natural ecosystem and holistic benefits provided by and to both. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research opportunities for improving ESA-oriented science and outreach.
Trends in COVID-19 School Related Inquiries Using 311 New York City Open Data.

This study aimed to assess the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) school-related information New York City residents sought through the 311 Call Center. July to November inquiries were downloaded from the NYC Open Data website for 2018-2020. Calls were categorized as related to "Schools", "Access", "Food", "Hospitals", "Transportation", and "Unemployment". Overall call types, and among school-related calls, detailed call types, were compared over the years, using chi-squared tests. School-related inquiries increased by 71% from 2018 to 2020. During 2020, the most common (49%, n = 22,471) call description was "Coronavirus and Schools", encompassing calls about learning options, safety, and resources. Spikes in these calls corresponded to official announcements, including those about Fall reopening plans (August 31: n = 678; September 1: n = 624) and schedules and staffing (September 16th: n = 1043; September 17th: n = 713), and after the start of in-person learning (September 21: n = 680). This study demonstrates that as government officials updated NYC schooling plans for Fall 2020, there were increased concerns among NYC residents. Future COVID-19 schooling changes need to be conveyed clearly and disseminated effectively in order to avoid confusion about NYC's pandemic learning strategy and to address health and safety concerns.
Children with Neurogenetic Disorders Hospitalized with Community-acquired Pneumonia are at Increased Risk for Poor Outcomes (P1.6-042)

Objective: The objectives of this study were to list the most common neurogenetic disorders in pediatric patients hospitalized with CAP, and to compare clinical outcomes for patients with and without neurogenetic disorders. Background: Pediatric patients with neurogenetic disorders are at risk for multiple infections. There is limited data on the burden of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and outcomes in the pediatric population with neurogenetic disorders. Design/Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children aged 1 month to 18 years hospitalized with CAP at Norton Children’s Hospital in Louisville during a 6 month period. Clinical outcomes compared for patients with and without neurogenetic disorders were time to clinical stability (TCS) and length of hospital stay (LOS). Categorical variables were compared using chi-square tests and continuous variables were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: From a total of 126 pediatric patients hospitalized with CAP, the presence of neurogenetic disorders were identified in 18 (14%) patients. The list of neurogenetic disorders identified were as follows: Aicardi syndrome, Doose syndrome, Dravet syndrome, Lennox-gestuat syndrome, Myotonic Dystrophy, Noonan syndrome, Pallister-Killian syndrome, Spinal muscular atrophy, Trisomy 18, and VATER syndrome. The median time to clinical stability for patients with neurogenetic disorders was 4 days (IQR: 2–8) compared to 2 days (IQR: 2–3) in patients without neurogenetic disorders (p=0.027). The median length of stay was 10 days (IQR: 4–17) for neurogenetic disorder patients as opposed to 4 days (IQR: 2–5) for those without neurogenetic disorders (p=0.002). Conclusions: Patients with neurogenetic disorders have prolonged time to reach clinical improvement and longer duration of hospital stay. Since an association exists between neurogenetic disorders and lung development, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of pneumonia in these patients is necessary. Prevention of pneumonia in this vulnerable population is essential. Disclosure: Dr. Kolikonda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yeruva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Glick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramirez has nothing to disclose.
An Empirical Study of AAA Consumer Arbitrations

This Article presents the results from the first detailed empirical study of consumer arbitration as administered by the American Arbitration Association. Primarily using a sample of 301 AAA consumer arbitrations that resulted in an award between April and December 2007, it considers such issues as the costs incurred by consumers in arbitration, the speed of the arbitral process, and the outcomes of the cases - the very topics of most interest in the policy debate on consumer arbitration.
The capital shortage phenomenon: Its impact on the US mineral industries

Abstract After examining the concept of a capital shortage, the author analyses the impacts of sectoral shortages in the mineral industries. He analyses the future capital needs of certain segments of the mineral industries and the prospects open to them. Finally, the author discusses some policy proposals to stimulate investment. These include the reduction of corporate tax, increasing investment tax credit, changing depreciation allowances to allow for inflation, and changing the tax treatment of capital gains.
A low cost jitter separation and characterization method

Clock jitter is a crucial factor in high speed and high performance application. Traditional jitter measurement method relies on precise and expensive instrumentations. This paper proposes a low cost jitter measurement and separation method. Instead of using traditional time internal analysis equipment, a simple Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is used as the jitter measurement device. The clock under test is applied as the sampling clock of an ADC while the ADC is sampling a full scale sine wave. The ADC output contains the information of the clock jitter. The algorithm will separately detect the effects of Periodic Jitter, Dual-Dirac Jitter and Random Jitter, and accurately compute the rms value of each jitter component. This method offers great potential for wide use in low cost applications and especially in on-chip or on-board jitter measurement applications. Simulation results demonstrate the functionality, accuracy and robustness of the proposed low-cost jitter measurement method.
Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation and Pathogen Phagocytosis by Surfactant Protein A

Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a pulmonary member of the collectin family of proteins, facilitates the rapid clearance of pathogens by upregulating immune cell functions in the lungs. SP-A binds to bacteria and targets them for rapid phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages, but the mechanism by which this stimulation occurs is not clear. To characterize the intracellular events that may be involved, we examined the roles of protein phosphorylation and cytoskeletal polymerization in SP-A-stimulated phagocytosis. In rat alveolar macrophages, SP-A stimulated rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The pattern of proteins that were phosphorylated in response to SP-A, as resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was similar to that observed for immunoglobulin G (IgG)-stimulated macrophages. Both SP-A and IgG stimulated increases in phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae above levels in the absence of added protein by 394% ± 81% and 200% ± 25%, respectively. Phagocytosis in both cases was dependent on tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C, and actin polymerization but not on microtubule activity. These studies show that SP-A utilizes pathways similar to those used by IgG to increase macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria.
Differentially private graphical degree sequences and synthetic graphs

We present an algorithm for releasing graphical degree sequences of simple undirected graphs under the framework of differential privacy. The algorithm is designed to provide utility for statistical inference in random graph models whose sufficient statistics are functions of degree sequences. Specifically, we focus on the tasks of existence of maximum likelihood estimates, parameter estimation and goodness-of-fit testing for the beta model of random graphs. We show the usefulness of our algorithm by evaluating it empirically on simulated and real-life datasets. As the released degree sequence is graphical, our algorithm can also be used to release synthetic graphs under the beta model.
The Assessment of Athletic Training Students' Knowledge and Behavior to Provide Culturally Competent Care

Context: Culturally competent knowledge and skills are critical for all healthcare professionals to possess in order to provide the most appropriate health care for their patients and clients. Obje...
Theoretical calculation of Penning-ionization cross sections for collisions of He(2(1),3S) with sodium atoms.

Cross sections have been calculated for the Penning ionization of ground-state sodium atoms in collisions with metastable He(2 $^{1}$,3S) atoms for the range of center-of-mass energies 0.01 eV \ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{\le}1.0 eV. The cross sections were calculated with use of optical-model potentials. The real parts of the relevant potential-energy curves were determined by carrying out a configuration-interaction (CI) calculation on the NaHe molecule. The potentials were adjusted to yield the correct asymptotic van der Waals form. The imaginary parts of the potentials correspond to autoionization rates and were obtained from a Stieltjes moment analysis of a discrete (${L}^{2}$) representation of the ${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$+${\mathrm{NaHe}}^{+}$ continuum, as represented by diffuse molecular orbitals generated by the CI procedure. The calculated cross section for He(2 $^{3}S$) on Na at E=0.04 eV is in good agreement with stationary-afterglow measurements at room temperature. The singlet-to-triplet ratio of cross sections is in good agreement with that measured by beam techniques. Elastic differential cross sections for He(2 $^{1}S$) scattered from Na have also been calculated. Satisfactory agreement is obtained with recent crossed-beam measurements.
On the Volterra-Lotka principle

The supplantation of one of two closely similar competing species by the other (Volterra-Lotka principle) is studied as an example, according to Volterra's general theory of population dynamics, of the decay of a biological association of an odd number 2n+1 of species into one with an even number 2n. The three-species association (n=1) is worked out in detail, with a demonstration of how a Volterra predator-prey cycle gets gradually deformed—when a slightly superior predator is introduced—into another new-predator-prey cycle, spelling a steady eclipse of the original predator. Whenn is made large, the close competitors being embedded in an association of many other species, a statistical treatment of the supplantation process can be given through the author's statistical-mechanical theory of Volterra's dynamics. The result is a probability law, changing systematically as time goes on, for the chance that the successful competitor's population has any given amplitude; explicitly time-dependent measures of mean amplitude and mean frequency of oscillation of all populations can then be worked out. Throughout, the simplifying assumption is made that the competitors differ only as regards intrinsic rate of self-growth. Two things are accomplished by viewing the competition as a decay of 2n+1 into 2n: the competitors are not abstracted from the rest of the biological world, and their population variations are always oscillatory (with long-term rises and falls of amplitude); this is in contrast to the original Volterra-Lotka analysis in which purely static, and therefore ecologically unrealistic, population levels of but two species eventuate.
Electron transfer processes between hydroquinone and iron oxides

The kinetics of hydroquinone oxidation by aqueous suspensions of pure hematite and goethite- ferrihydrite mixtures at pH 6.0, 7.4, and 9 was studied using an on-line analysis system. The electron transfer between hydroquinone and the Fe oxides was monitored by UV-visible and electron spin reso- nance spectroscopy. The adsorption of organics on the Fe oxide surface was detected by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. For different Fe oxides, a higher surface area was correlated with a greater oxidizing ability and greater adsorption of organics, suggesting that the oxidation reaction was a surface process. A reversal of the initially rapid redox reaction was found in this system, suggesting a delayed release of Fe E§ into solution as the reduction of the Fe oxide proceeded. Redox potential calculations confirmed the thermodynamic favorability of the reaction reversal. A distribution of the reduced state over neigh- boring Fe atoms on the oxide surface probably was responsible for the initial suppression of Fe 2+ release into the aqueous phase. Based upon these observations and detection of the semiquinone radical as an intermediate of hydroquinone oxidation, an inner-sphere one-electron transfer mechanism for the oxi- dation of hydroquinone at the oxide surface is proposed. itored the concentration ofp-benzosemiqui none anion radical, a suggested precursor of humic substances, by electron spin resonance of the solution phase through- out the reaction period. This radical, which is stable only at high pH, was found to persist in the Mn oxide suspensions at pH 6. The presence of the radical sug- gested that the reduction of the Mn oxide involved a one-electron transfer process. In the present work, the oxidation reaction of hydroquinone by Fe oxide is re- ported in the expectation that Fe oxides, while less powerful oxidizing agents than Mn oxides, are more important in a practical sense because of their wide- spread occurrence in soils.
Regional metabolic changes in the myocardium following coronary artery ligation in dogs.

Abstract Metabolic and hemodynamic changes were studied in dogs before and at 5 minute intervals following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. By placing catheters in the arterial (A), main coronary sinus (CS), and great cardiac vein (CV) positions, it was possible to collect simultaneous samples from the three sites and analyze the effluent for pH, Po 2 , potassium, glucose, pyruvate, and lactate. Following coronary ligation, there was a significant decrease in pH and glucose and an increase in lactate and potassium in the CV samples. The Po 2 value did not change significantly. The CS drainage exhibited minor changes and only when the changes in the CV samples were marked. The hemodynamic changes included a slight fall in blood pressure, an increase in isovolumetric contraction period, and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure following coronary ligation. The results and the technique are discussed with emphasis on metabolic alterations in regional venous drainage following coronary artery ligation.
Surface sequestration of chemical feeding deterrents in the Antarctic sponge Latrunculia apicalis as an optimal defense against sea star spongivory

Latrunculia apicalis is a spherically shaped demosponge that previous investigations have shown is rarely preyed upon by sea stars which are the dominant spongivores in antarctic benthic communities. Prior studies have also demonstrated that L. apicalis produces organic compounds that elicit a tube foot retraction response in the keystone spongivorous sea star Perknaster fuscus that can be used as a reliable assay for feeding deterrence. L. apicalis is known to contain discorhabdin alkaloids which serve, among other roles, as the source of its green coloration. To assess the defensive nature of the discorhabdin alkaloids toward P. fuscus, we have determined discorhabdin G concentrations in discrete sponge layers and evaluated those concentrations in the P. fuscus bioassay. In discorhabdin G-bearing sponges, we found a gradient of discorhabdin G that falls off rapidly toward the center of the sponge. On average, 52% of total discorhabdin G in a given sponge was found within 2 mm of the sponge surface. Tube foot retraction responses to extracts from the surface tissues (0–2 mm depth) of L. apicalis were compared to those of an inner layer (8–10 mm depth) and to a sample comprised of the same inner layer spiked with discorhabdin G at a concentration equivalent to that of the surface tissues. Tube foot retraction response times to extracts of the surface layers and the spiked inner layers were not statistically different, but were significantly greater than responses to the unaltered inner layer and controls. These results support the predictions of the optimal defense theory as L. apicalis sequesters its defensive chemistry (discorhabdin G) in its most vulnerable surface tissues, where the likelihood of predation from sea stars is highest. As antarctic sponges are generally preyed upon by extraoral feeding sea stars rather than deeper biting predators such as fish, surface sequestration may be uniquely adaptive in sessile macroinvertebrates occurring in antarctic marine benthic environments.
Determination of the intrinsic behavior of polymers using digital image correlation combined with video-monitored testing

Abstract Three methods for the determination of the large-strain behavior of ductile polymers are compared in both tension and compression. Each method relies on some (non-contact) measurement of the strain and some approximations in the calculation of stress. The strain measurement techniques include digital image correlation (DIC) and two techniques of video-based extensometry: marker tracking and area variation monitoring. Since the specimens are inevitably subject to structural plastic instabilities (necking in tension, barreling in compression) the strain and stress states are no longer uniform in the gauge section after the peak load. Under such circumstances, it is demonstrated that the three experimental methods can lead to significant differences. It is inferred from the comparative analysis that the method based on vertical marker tracking is not reliable. Validated by DIC, video-based area variation is shown to be a simple alternative way to obtain an excellent estimate of the intrinsic true stress–strain behavior of the polymer.
The Role of Spending in Physiocratic Theory

I. Production, 617. â€” II. Money, 618. â€” III. Consumption and spending, 621. â€” IV. Pattern, 623. â€” V. Agriculture, 627. â€” VI. Conclusion, 631.
Robotic-assisted nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision without intraoperative repositioning.

Objective To present surgical tips and describe a novel technique for successful performance of robotic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision (RNUBCE). We report a technique of RNUBCE without intraoperative patient repositioning or redocking of the robot. Materials and Methods Nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision is the standard management of high-grade or bulky upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Lymphadenectomy is performed when clinically indicated. Fifteen patients underwent RNUBCE between January 2009 and May 2010. Several key points to this operation contribute to its success. Ports are strategically placed to allow access to the kidney, ureter, and bladder. The ureter is clipped, though not divided, immediately after ligating the renal hilum to minimize the risk of tumor seeding resulting from manipulation of the kidney. In cases of ureteric tumors, wide dissection of the ureter is carried out to avoid a positive margin or entry into the ureter. Bladder stay sutures are placed lateral to the ureterovesical junction to prevent retraction of the bladder once the bladder cuff is excised. If desired, a partial excision of the cuff can be performed with the ureter acting as a bucket handle. Results All procedures were performed successfully without complications. Mean total operative time was 184 minutes, estimated blood loss was 103 mL, and mean hospital stay was 2.7 days. Short-term oncological outcomes have revealed no recurrences. Conclusions RNUBCE, with lymphadenectomy when clinically indicated, provides a viable treatment option for patients with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma.
Obesity-related dyslipidemia associated with FAAH, independent of insulin response, in multigenerational families of Northern European descent.

A more thorough understanding of the genetic architecture underlying obesity-related lipid disorders could someday facilitate cardiometabolic risk reduction through early clinical intervention based upon improved characterization of individual risk. In recent years, there has been tremendous interest in understanding the endocannabinoid system as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity-related dyslipidemia. Aims: N-arachidonylethanolamine activates G-protein-coupled receptors within the endocannabinoid system. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a primary catabolic regulator of N-acylethanolamines, including arachidonylethanolamine. Genetic variants in FAAH have inconsistently been associated with obesity. It is conceivable that genetic variability in FAAH directly influences lipid homeostasis. The current study characterizes the relationship between FAAH and obesity-related dyslipidemia, in one of the most rigorously-phenotyped obesity study cohorts in the USA. Materials & methods: Membe...
Single and Double Ionization of He by Fast Light Ions

The cross sections for single and double ionization of He by H, He, Li, B, C and O ions were measured. The ion velocity ranged from ~ 2 vo to ~ 10 vo. The Bethe-Born results of Gillespie and Inokuti are found to be in good agreement with the data for single ionization at low projectile charges. The breakdown of the perturbation region is discussed and in the strong interaction region the experimental single ionization data are compared with results of Bohr and Janev. The double ionization data are presented and a theoretical estimate based on an independent electron model is discussed.
Polystyrene-Graft-Acrylic Acid as Compatibilizer of Polystyrene/Nylon 6,6 Blends

Preliminary investigations to study the feasibility of using polystyrene grafted with acrylic acid to blend polystyrene (PS) and nylon 6,6 (N66) have been done. The graft copolymer (PS-g-AA) was synthesized by reacting polystyrene with acrylic acid in the presence of a free radical initiator using the solid phase graft copolymerization technique. Binary blends of N66/PS and N66/PS-g-AA were synthesized by melt mixing. The formation of a (PS-g-AA)-co-N66 copolymer during the blend preparation has been desired. The blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant reductions in the domain sizes of the dispersed minor phase were observed when PS-g-AA instead of PS was incorporated into the blend. The tensile properties of the blends were investigated. The belnds containing PS-g-AA were found to be stiffer (higher modulus) and stronger (higher tensile strength) as compared to the blends containing PS. These results are due to the better miscibility and adhesion between nylon 6,6 and the graft copolymer. The results of the rheological measurement of these blends further supports the above result and also indicates an increase in the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the blend when polystyrene was replaced by the graft copolymer. This increase in the MWD of the compatibilized blend can be attributed to above assumed copolymer formation between the graft copolymer and nylon 6,6 due to the reaction between the carbonyl group of the acrylic acid and the amide and the terminal amine groups of nylon 6,6.
Pricing a nontradeable asset and its derivatives

This paper extends the Black-Scholes methodology to payoffs that are functions of a stochastically varying variable that can be observed but not traded. The stochastic price process proposed in this paper satisfies a partial differential equation that is an extension of the Black-Scholes equation. The resulting price process is based on projection onto the marketed space, and it is universal in the sense that all risk-averse investors will find that, when priced according to the process, the asset cannot improve portfolio performance relative to other assets in the market. The development of the equation and its properties is facilitated by the introduction of an operational calculus for pricing. The results can be put in risk-neutral form. Perfect replication is not generally possible for these derivatives, but the approximation of minimum expected squared error is determined by another partial differential equation.
Multinuclear NMR investigation of the formation of aluminosilicate anions

The structure of simple aluminosilicate anions formed by the reaction of silicate and aluminate anions was investigated by {sup 29}Si and {sup 27}Al NMR spectroscopy. The extent of aluminosilicate formation was found to increase with increasing silicate ratio and increasing cation size. The first of these trends is attributed to the redistribution of Si with increasing silicate ratio to more acidic anions. The second trend is attributed to the formation of cation-anion pairs.
Two-photon excitation of atomic oxygen using a Raman-shifted ArF-excimer laser

A novel method for exciting the two-photon 2p 3 3p 3 P ←2p 4 3 P atomic oxygen transition is reported. The transition energy is provided by the combined photon energies of the second and third Stokes orders of a deuterium-filled Raman shifter pumped by an ArF-excimer laser. The ArF-excimer-pumped Raman shifter performance is characterized and the approach is demonstrated in an atomic oxygen population created by molecular oxygen absorption and predissociation in room air.
A mechanism to convert uniform rotation to linear sinusoidal motion

Abstract The mechanism to be discussed here does the same thing as a Scoth yoke, but in a different manner. The only slider of this mechanism moves in the line of hte linear sinusidal motion. Consequently, when the mechanism transmits forces of appreciable magnitudes, it is not affected as much by wear and the resulting slap as is the transverse slider of a Scoth yoke.
Laboratory Experiments on Form and Structure of Offshore Bars and Beaches: ABSTRACT

Beaches and bars have been formed during experiments conducted in a 45-foot wave tank at the Sedimentation Laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey in Denver. By changing one variable at a time, factors responsible for major differences in primary structure and in shape of sand body have been determined. These factors are: depth of water, intensity of wave action, and supply of sand. Stages in the development of the bars and beaches were marked with dark layers of magnetite and cross sections were preserved on masonite boards coated with liquid rubber, thus making a record of cross-stratification patterns and sand-body shapes. Offshore bars develop at the point of wave break. Where this occurs in very shallow water an emergent bar commonly forms; where it is in somewhat deeper water a submarine bar is built; where still deeper no bar develops. Increase in intensity of waves tends to build a bar forward toward, and even onto the beach. Weaker waves build upward to form barriers with lagoons to shoreward. Abundant sand furnished on the seaward side of a developing bar, simultating conditions developed by some longshore currents, causes gently sloping, seaward-dipping beds to form. In contrast, shoreward-dipping strata of steeper angle are characteristic of bars developed where the sand supply is limited. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1253------------
Cosmology at a Crossroads

A fundamental question in cosmology is, “How did the universe begin?” The two pivotal ideas of inflation and cold dark matter (CDM), combined with extensive observational results, including the unpredicted accelerated expansion of the universe, underpin a new standard model of cosmology.
Light Scatter Characteristics of Erythroid Precursor Cells Studied in Flow Analysis

SummaryLight scatter (LS) differences among cells of rabbit marrow was studied by flow analysis using a Coulter two-parameter cell sorter. A preliminary fractionation of the marrow into samples enriched with cells of varying degrees of maturation was accomplished in Ficoll/Hypaque density gradients. Subsequent study of each of these cell samples in flow analysis demonstrated unique LS profiles which distinguished erythrocytes from nucleated erythroid precursors and granulocyte precursors. The combined separation procedures made it possible to sort fractions of erythroid precursors with as high as 90% erythroid cells, two-thirds of which were nucleated precursors.
Selective labeling of embryonic neurons cultured on astrocyte monolayers with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA)

A method for selectively labeling cultured neurons using the vital dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), is described. This non-fluorescent membrane-permeant dye is cleaved by cytosolic esterases into the fluorescent anion, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF). Both astrocytes and neurons exhibit brilliant fluorochromasia within minutes of CFDA loading. However, following a brief rinse in buffered saline in the absence of CFDA, the astrocytes rapidly lose their cellular fluorescence while the neurons retain the dye for several hours. The fluorochromasia is uniformly distributed throughout the soma and processes which greatly facilitates the morphological identification of viable neurons. In addition, this protocol can be used to conveniently quantify neuronal survival in assays of the activities of neurotrophic or neurotoxic substances.
Variance-component modeling in the analysis of receiver operating characteristic index estimates

Rationale and Objectives. The authors performed this study to clarify and systematize the large number of variances and correlations observable with variance-component models of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) index estimates. Materials and Methods. The authors present a variance-component model for ROC index estimates (and for differences between estimates) and show correspondences between the method of experimental replication and the random components in the model. The authors introduce a notation that identifies both the method of replication and, when examining estimate differences, the estimate pairing scheme. Results. For models with three factors (modality, reader, case sample), the authors delineated four methods of replication and eight pairing schemes for generating estimate differences. For each of the resulting 32 replication-pairing combinations, the authors gave expressions for the variance of the difference and for the correlation between the two ROC index estimates. Conclusion. The variance-component approach is a useful statistical tool for modeling different sources of variation that contribute to the overall variance of ROC data and index estimates derived from those data.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome: a neuropathological study

Introduction: Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which belongs to the DNA repair disorders. It is characterized by microcephaly, typical facial appearance, immunodeficiency, X-ray hypersensitivity and predisposition of cancer. Material and methods: Neuropathological examination of the brain was performed on a male NBS patient with moderate mental retardation, who was successfully treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the age of 19 years. He died at the age of 31 years as a result of carcinomatous peritonitis. Results: Severe microcephaly (> 3SD< mean) especially pronounced in the frontal lobe was observed. There was a very simplified gyral pattern with reduction of the tertiary gyri. A myelinated bundle 6 × 3.5 mm thick considered to be a large remnant of the striae longitudinales mediales and laterales was found over the whole length on top of the corpus callosum. There was an incomplete enrolling of the hippocampus and hypoplasia of the inferior vermis. Conclusions: The neuropathological findings in this patient are concurrent with radiological findings in NBS patients and with limited earlier neuropathological studies. These findings suggest a role for a DNA-repair gene in corticogenesis in man as has already been suggested in animal studies of other DNA-repair genes before.
Pilot randomized trial on mindfulness training for smokers in young adult binge drinkers

We report results of a pilot study designed to test a novel smoking cessation intervention, Mindfulness Training for Smokers (MTS), in smokers age 18-29 years with regular episodes of binge drinking. Mindfulness is a cognitive skill of applying close moment-to-moment attention to experience with a mental posture of acceptance and non-reactivity. The MTS intervention consisted of six weekly classes that provided instruction on how to use mindfulness to manage known precursors of smoking relapse including smoking triggers, strong emotions, stressful situations, addictive thoughts, urges, and withdrawal symptoms. The MTS intervention was compared to Interactive Learning for Smokers (ILS), a time/intensity matched control group using daily non-directed walking instead of mindfulness meditation. Recruitment was conducted primarily at local technical colleges. Primary outcome measures included biochemically-confirmed smoking abstinence and reduction in alcohol use at the end of treatment (2-weeks post-quit attempt). The sample (N = 55) was 70.9% male, with a mean age of 21.9 years, and a mean of 11.76 alcoholic drinks consumed per week. Intent-to-treat analysis showed biochemically-confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at 2-weeks post-quit for MTS = 20.0% and ILS = 4.0%, p = .08. Secondary analysis showed number of drinks per week in the first 2-weeks post-quit correlated with smoking relapse at 2-weeks post-quit (p < .01). This pilot study demonstrated that Mindfulness Training for Smokers shows promise for smoking cessation and alcohol use reduction in treating young adult smokers with alcohol abuse. Results suggest the need for a study with larger sample size and methods that reduce attrition. ClnicalTrial.gov, NCT01679236
Hearsay Testimony in Elder Abuse Cases: A Gray Area at Best

A surge in the number of older adults in the population has given rise to an increase in reported elder abuse cases. Because some courts perceive alleged victims who are older adults to have unique needs, special accommodations are being made for them in the courtroom, including the use of hearsay testimony. A hearsay witness is someone who testifies to out-of-court statements made by another person, usually the alleged victim. The hearsay witness may testify in lieu of the declarant's testifying in open court due to unavailability. The use of hearsay witnesses can be troubling given the research that exists on the questionable reliability of the declarant and the hearsay witness, the lack of accuracy, and the unnecessary bias that can occur when evaluating the credibility of the witness. This commentary elaborates on the reasons why the use of hearsay, especially as a special protection for older adults, should be limited.