cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVERYONE FEELS EMPOWERED: UNDERSTANDING FEMINIST SELF‐LABELING

Research findings raise questions about whether the feminist identity development model provides information about women's social identification as a feminist. Specifically, the penultimate stage, ...
Development and maintenance of connectivity in the visual system of the frog. I. The effects of eye rotation and visual deprivation.

Abstract Visual deprivation or disparity between the eyes was produced in frog embryos or larvae by occluding one eye with a skin graft or by rotating one eye. After metamorphosis, the projections from each eye to the ipsilateral and contralateral optic tectum were mapped electrophysiologically. After rotation of one eye in embryos or larvae, the projection from each eye to the ipsilateral tectum developed at the normal time during metamorphosis, but the ipsilateral and contralateral projections were incongruent. In some cases, surgical rotation of one eye in embryos resulted in growth of optic nerve fibers from either or both eyes directly to the ipsilateral optic tectum. The pattern of these anomalous retinotectal projections was determined by intrinsic developmental mechanisms and was not modified by visual stimulation. Skin grafts over one or both eyes did not alter the normal development of ipsilateral visuotectal projections during metamorphosis. However, long term monocular deprivation by a skin graft which covered an eye from before metamorphosis until 90–105 days after metamorphosis resulted in abnormally large ipsilateral visuotectal responsive fields of the normal eye as well as of the deprived eye. By contrast, no abnormality developed in monocular deprivation started after the onset of metamorphosis or if both eyes were occluded from before metamorphosis until 258 days after metamorphosis. These results show that neither patterned visual stimulation nor functional correspondence between the eyes is required for the initial development of ipsilatera visuotectal projections (which are subserved by intertectal connections) during metamorphosis. However, the maintenance of the ipsilateral projections requires symmetrical (but not patterned) stimulation of both eyes during the onset of metamorphosis.
Influence of substrate heating and thermal annealing on the surface crystallinity in single Si crystals implanted with high doses of 16O

The dependence of near-surface crystallinity on substrate heating during high dose O/sup +/ implantation into Si and post implantation annealing was studied. It is shown that the damage morphology in the crystalline region above the SiO/sub 2/ layer is very sensitive to substrate temperature and that, under optimum implant conditions which minimize damage conditons in the near surface, annealing does not improve the near surface crystallinity. Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectroscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the microstructure of the samples. 8 references, 5 figures.
How I do it: treatment of blood blister-like aneurysms of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery by extracranial-to-intracranial bypass and trapping

Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) pose a significant challenge to neurosurgeons and neuro-interventionalists. These fragile broad-based aneurysms have a propensity to rupture with minimal manipulation during surgical or endovascular explorations because, unlike saccular aneurysms, they lack all layers of the arterial wall. Aneurysm trapping with extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass is a safe and durable treatment for BBAs. We describe our technique and the guiding principles for surgical bypass and trapping of BBAs of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA). Treatment of BBAs of the supraclinoid ICA remains difficult. Aneurysm trapping with EC-IC bypass treats BBAs definitively by eliminating the diseased segment of the ICA. We have found the technique and principles described here to be safe and durable in our hands.
Juvenile Hyperthyroidism with Elevated Thyrotropin (TSH)and Normal 24 Hour FSH, LH, GH and Prolactin Secretory Patterns

An 11 year old boy was found to have hyperthyroidism and elevated serum TSH concentrations. Hyperthyroidism was first diagnosed at 4 years of age. After antithyroid drug therapy, a subtotal thyroidectomy was done when he was 7 years old. Goiter and hyperthyroidism gradually recurred, and an elevated serum TSH concentration (90 microU/ml) was found when first measured at age 12 years. There was no evidence of a pituitary tumor. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration resulted in a marked increase in serum TSH concentrations. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine and dexamethasone administration lowered the serum TSH concentration. There was diurnal variation in TSH secretion. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin responses to provocative stimuli and 24 h secretion patterns were normal. FSH and LH secretion was normal for age and stage of sexual development. The 24 h cortisol pattern demonstrated normal episodic secretion, although the mean 24 h concentration was high (10.5 microgram/dl). These data suggest that this patient's TSH hypersecretion is due to partial resistance of the thyrotrophs to the inhibitory action of thyroid hormone.
Preferred Information Sources of High School Students for Community Colleges and Universities.

To effectively communicate with potential students, it is important to utilize their preferred information sources. Survey data were gathered from 716 high school students who planned to attend college. There were communication source differences based on race and intent to attend two-year vs. four-year institutions. Important information sources for potential community college and university students include media, social normative, and direct sources. Recruiting and marketing strategies are discussed.
An introduction to structural equation models

This paper provides an overview of structural equation models, and their potential for advancing neuropsychological theory and practice. Four topics are covered: (1) an overview of the various classes of models, and an introduction to the terminology and diagrams used to describe them, (2) an outline of the steps involved in applying structural equation modeling to any research problem, (3) an overview of the information used in assessing model fit, and a discussion of the role of significance tests in structural models, and (4) an outline of the advantages and disadvantages of structural equation models, and their potential contribution to neuropsychology. The paper is intended to help researchers (1) assess the relevance of these advanced statistical techniques to their own research, and (2) begin the process of successful application.
A synthesis formulation of explicit damping matrix for non-classically damped systems☆

In computing the dynamic response of a connected system with multiple components having dissimilar damping characteristics, often referred to as non-classically damped system such as nuclear power plant piping systems supported by stiff structures, one needs to define the system-level damping based upon the damping information of components. This paper presents a general formulation for computing rigorous explicit damping matrices for multiply connected, non-classically damped, coupled systems. The algorithm derived was based on a synthesis process developed by Hurty [AIAA J. 3 (4) (1965)], in which three different kinds of damping were utilized to describe the energy dissipation of the system. It was also shown that the system damping developed by the synthesis approach could reduce to damping formulations available in the literature such as those of Gupta et al. [Seismic response of non-classically damped systems. Nucl. Eng. Design, vol. 91, 1986] and Pajuhesh et al. [Determination of composite damping matrices. In: Proceedings on Fifth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, vol. 1, 1973] when the same assumptions were applied for the interface connectivity. The method presented in this paper was used in developing the rigorous system matrices for the BNL solution to a set of benchmark problems analyzed in the NRC-BNL benchmark program for the evaluation of the state-of-the-art methods and computer programs for non-classically damped systems [Benchmark Program for the Evaluation of Methods to Analyze Non-Classically Damped Coupled Systems (2000)]. The details of the NRC-BNL benchmark program are presented in a companion paper [A NRC-BNL Benchmark Evaluation of Seismic Analysis Methods for Non-Classically Damped Coupled Systems (in press)].
Isotopic analyses of nitrogenous compounds from the Murchison meteorite: ammonia, amines, amino acids, and polar hydrocarbons

The combined volatile bases (ammonia, aliphatic amines, and possibly other bases), ammonia, amino acids, and polar hydrocarbons were prepared from the Murchison meteorite for isotopic analyses. The volatile bases were obtained by cryogenic transfer after acid-hydrolysis of a hot-water extract and analyzed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The aliphatic amines present in this preparation comprise a mixture that includes both primary and secondary isomers through C5 at a total concentration of > or = 100 nmoles g-1. As commonly observed for meteoritic organic compounds, almost all isomers through C5 are present, and the concentrations within homologous series decrease with increasing chain length. Ammonia was chromatographically separated from the other volatile bases and found at a concentration of 1.1-1.3 micromoles g-1 meteorite. The ammonia analyzed includes contributions from ammonium salts and the hydrolysis of extractable organic compounds, e.g., carboxamides. Stable isotope analyses showed the volatile bases to be substantially enriched in the heavier isotopes, relative to comparable terrestrial compounds delta D 93%) can be inferred for the other bases, which include the amines. Solvent-extractable polar hydrocarbons obtained separately were found to be enriched in 15N (delta 15N = +104%). Total amino acids, prepared from a hydrolyzed hot-water extract by cation exchange chromatography, gave a delta 15N of +94%, a value in good agreement with that obtained previously. Nitrogen isotopic data are also given for amino acid fractions separated chromatographically. The delta 15N values of the Murchison soluble organic compounds analyzed to date fall within a rather narrow range (delta 15N = +94 +/- 8%), an observation consistent with their formation, or formation of their precursors, by interstellar chemistry.
Stretching, mode coupling, and the glass transition.

The mode-coupling theory (MCT) of the glass transition can exhibit stretching (nonexponential) behavior observed in the primary relaxation of supercooled liquids near the glass transition. Gotze first showed that MCT can exhibit this stretching behavior in the α-relaxation regime by phenomenologically introducing a linear term into the mode-coupling integral for the dynamic viscosity. We show in this paper how this linear term can be generated using fundamental considerations
Redefining Learning Disabilities as Inadequate Response to Instruction: The Promise and Potential Problems

In this introduction to the special issue, a response-to-instruction approach to learning disabilities (LD) identification is discussed. Then, an overview of the promise and the potential pitfalls of such an approach is provided. The potential benefits include identification of students based on risk rather than deficit, early identification and instruction, reduction of identification bias, and linkage of identification assessment with instructional planning. Questions concern the integrity of the LD concept, the need for validated interventions and assessment methods, the adequacy of response to instruction as the endpoint in identification, the appropriate instruction intensity, the need for adequately trained personnel, and due process. Finally, an overview of the articles constituting the special issue is provided.
Barriers and enablers to geothermal district heating system development in the United States

Abstract According to the US Energy Information Administration, space and hot water heating represented about 20% of total US energy demand in 2006. Given that most of this demand is met by burning natural gas, propane, and fuel oil, an enormous opportunity exists for directly utilizing indigenous geothermal energy as a cleaner, nearly emissions-free renewable alternative. Although the US is rich in geothermal energy resources, they have been frequently undervalued in America's portfolio of options as a means of offsetting fossil fuel emissions while providing a local, reliable energy source for communities. Currently, there are only 21 operating GDHS in the US with a capacity of about 100 MW thermal. Interviews with current US district heating operators were used to collect data on and analyze the development of these systems. This article presents the current structure of the US regulatory and market environment for GDHS along with a comparative study of district heating in Iceland where geothermal energy is extensively utilized. It goes on to review the barriers and enablers to utilizing geothermal district heating systems (GDHS) in the US for space and hot water heating and provides policy recommendations on how to advance this energy sector in the US.
Flavoenzymes reduce vanadium(V) and molecular oxygen and generate hydroxyl radical.

Abstract ESR spectroscopic evidence is presented for the formation of vanadium(IV) in the reduction of vanadium(V) by three typical, NADPH-dependent, flavoenzymes: glutathione reductase, lipoyl dehydrogenase, and ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase. The vanadium(V)-reduction mechanism appears to be an enzymatic one-electron reduction process. Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed that the generation of vanadium(IV) does not involve the superoxide (O2−) radical significantly. Measurements under anaerobic atmosphere showed, however, that the enzymes-vanadium-NADPH mixture can cause the reduction of molecular oxygen to generate H2O2. The H2O2 and vanadium(IV) thus formed react to generate hydroxyl (· OH) radical. The · OH formation is inhibited strongly by catalase and to a lesser degree by SOD, but it is enhanced by exogenous H2O2, suggesting the occurrence of a Fenton-like reaction. The inhibition of vanadium(IV) formation by N-ethylmaleimide indicates that the SH group on the flavoenzyme's cystine residueplays an important role in the enzyme's vanadium(V) reductase function. These results thus reveal a new property of the above-mentioned, NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes—their function as vanadium(V) reductases, as well as that as generators of · OH radical in the vanadium(V) reduction mechanism.
The Future of Health Education: The Knowledge to Practice Paradox

Abstract The challenge before us is to put into practice what the profession has known and professed for years. Regardless of our place of practice, our ability to identify and meet the needs of our local communities and neighborhoods is likely to be the measure that will determine our success as health educators. Social, demographic, political, and economic changes will force the way we deliver health education programming to change. Time, energy, and resources that are currently being directed to our site(s) of operation, i.e., schools, worksite, etc. are likely to diminish as the concept of “healthy communities” gains favor. With the establishment of national objectives, a professional credentialing process, and national standards, the profession is positioned to achieve great success. The collaborative efforts of our professional organizations have positioned the profession to move into the next century. In addition to these efforts, there is also a need to unify the profession to reduce the fragmenta...
The ontogeny of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.

Abstract The ontogeny of rat liver nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) was studied. AHH which was barely detectable in 18–20 day fetal rat liver nuclei increased rapidly post-partum reaching a value which was over 200 times greater than the fetal liver specific activity. Nuclear AHH was induced upon administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) to rats. The level of induction was dependent upon the age of the rat. Thus, the highest induced nuclear AHH specific activity was observed in the 3–4-week-old rat, i.e., 50–70 g in weight. The greatest fold increase in nuclear AHH after 3-MC administration was observed in the 6–8 g, or 1–2-day-old rat. Fetal rat liver nuclear AHH was also induced after 3-MC administration to the dam. The basal and induced levels of AHH were compared in nuclei and microsomes from 1–2 and 10–12-day-old rats. In the former, the ratio of the microsomal to nuclear AHH was 1.4 and 1.8 under basal and induced conditions, respectively.
Irradiation creep and swelling of AISI 316 to exposures of 130 dpa at 385–400°C

Abstract The creep and swelling of AISI 316 stainless steel have been studied at 385 to 400°C in EBR-II to doses of 130 dpa. Most creep capsules were operated at constant stress and temperature but mid-life changes in these variables were also made. This paper concentrates on the behavior of the 20% cold-worked condition but five other conditions were also studied. Swelling at ⩽ 400°C was found to lose the sensitivity to stress exhibited at higher temperatures while the creep rate was found to retain linear dependencies on both stress and swelling rate. The creep coefficients extracted at 400°C agree with those found in other experiments conducted at higher temperatures. In the temperature range of ⩽ 400°C, swelling is in the recombinationdominated regime and the swelling rate falls strongly away from the ~1%/dpa rate observed at higher temperatures. These lower rates of creep and swelling, coupled with the attainment of high damage levels without failure, encourage the use of AISI 316 in the construction of water-cooled fusion first walls operating at temperatures below 400°C.
Integrated modeling of distributed object-oriented systems

Abstract The definition of the requirements of a software system requires analysis of the problem domain from multiple views. The requirements definition that results from the analysis includes models from the different views. Methods to integrate information from multiple views are of current interest. We present an object-oriented methodology for distributed systems that includes input domain information from multiple views. It includes the conversion of the input information into an internal representation that is analyzable. The information from the input models is then synthesized, with the support of a knowledge base, to provide a set of object specification models that serve as an initial object-oriented specification.
Contributions to the global analysis of 3-D Lotka-Volterra equations: Dynamic boundedness and indirect interactions in the case of one predator and two prey

The concepts of dynamic boundedness and indirect interactions are used to analyze the global properties of the two prey, one predator classical Lotka-Volterra (LV) system. Based on a classification of limit points in the various two- and one-dimensional subspaces, 12 qualitatively distinct cases are generated. Of the 12 topologically possible cases, four are unfeasible under the assumptions of the classic LV equations, and only one of the 12 represents the situation of complete dynamic boundedness. Some biological interpretations of the various cases are provided, especially with regard to the role of indirect interactions in determining various cases.
A herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase mutation that specifically attenuates neurovirulence in mice.

Herpes simplex virus can infect the mammalian brain causing lethal encephalitis (neurovirulence). Previously, herpes simplex virus mutants that are attenuated for neurovirulence have exhibited defects in replication in brain and/or blocks to replication in neuronal cells. We investigated the attenuation of neurovirulence of mutant PAAr5, which exhibits resistance to antiviral drugs due to altered viral DNA polymerase. Following intracerebral inoculation of 7-week-old CD1 mice, PAAr5 was 30-fold attenuated for neurovirulence compared to its wild-type parent. A drug-sensitive virus derived by marker rescue with DNA polymerase gene sequences exhibited neurovirulence that was essentially indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus, demonstrating that attenuation was due to a polymerase mutation. PAAr5 replicated in brain similarly to wild-type virus unlike another polymerase mutant, 615.8, that exhibited a similar degree of attenuation. The attenuation of PAAr5 was not associated with altered particle to PFU ratios nor with any obvious reductions in viral antigen expression in neurons, spread, histopathology, or TUNEL staining suggestive of apoptotic cells. Thus PAAr5 differs from other mutants that are attenuated for neurovirulence. Understanding how a polymerase mutation specifically attenuates neurovirulence may shed light on how herpes simplex virus can cause lethal encephalitis.
Understanding selenoprotein function and regulation through the use of rodent models

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient. Its biological functions are associated with selenoproteins, which contain this trace element in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine. Genetic defects in selenocysteine insertion into proteins are associated with severe health issues. The consequences of selenoprotein deficiency are more variable, with several selenoproteins being essential, and several showing no clear phenotypes. Much of these functional studies benefited from the use of rodent models and diets employing variable levels of Se. This review summarizes the data obtained with these models, focusing on mouse models with targeted expression of individual selenoproteins and removal of individual, subsets or all selenoproteins in a systemic or organ-specific manner. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.
Bioassay of glucagon using the isolated perfused rat liver.

Increases in hepatic phosphorylase activity and glucose release were often observed when 5 ng of glucagon was added to 100–120 ml of blood perfusing an isolated liver, and regularly followed additions of 10 ng. Under the conditions of these experiments, maximal activation of phosphorylase was seen after glucagon additions of 80–100 ng and maximal hepatic glucose output, after additions of 250–500 ng. These effects of glucagon can be used for bioassay of the hormone. Because of the variability of responses recorded in different liver perfusions, such bioassay is semiquantitative rather than precise. However, if unknowns can be assayed in several liver perfusions, reasonably accurate mean values are obtained. The isolated perfused liver provides a considerably more sensitive and specific assay for glucagon than other methods based on biologic activity of the hormone, and discriminates between true glucagon and immunologic cross-reactants. If large samples are available, its sensitivity can approach that of ...
Now and then, in and out of the classroom: Teachers learning to teach through the experiences of their living curricula

Abstract How, when, and where do teachers learn to teach? Guided by this question, this article examines the relationships between teachers' living and teaching experiences. Through narrative inquiry, it stories “curricular currents” of three teachers from different teaching contexts, noting the continuity, interaction, and place of the experiences that comprise these currents. It argues that these teachers have learned to teach through their “living curricula,” across all times and places of their lives, not just classroom moments. It concludes by charging teacher education to attend closely to teachers' exploration and analysis of their lives' experiences, in and out of classrooms.
Behavioral and Emotional Problems of Students with Learning Disabilities, Serious Emotional Disturbance, or Both Conditions

This study investigates the behavioral and emotional problems of children with learning disabilities (LD), serious emotional disturbance (SED), and LD/SED, using the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The sample consisted of 217 students with LD, 72 with SED, and 68 with SED/LD, ages 6 to 18 (mean age = 11.5). The students with SED were rated more impaired than the students with LD on all TRF scales except Attention Problems, and on three of the eight CBCL syndrome scales. The children with LD differed from those with SED mainly in terms of severity of problems, not with respect to type of problem. It is concluded that students with co-morbid LD and SED are underidentified and underserved in special education systems.
Connected speech production in three variants of primary progressive aphasia.

Primary progressive aphasia is a clinical syndrome defined by progressive deficits isolated to speech and/or language, and can be classified into non-fluent, semantic and logopenic variants based on motor speech, linguistic and cognitive features. The connected speech of patients with primary progressive aphasia has often been dichotomized simply as ‘fluent’ or ‘non-fluent’, however fluency is a multidimensional construct that encompasses features such as speech rate, phrase length, articulatory agility and syntactic structure, which are not always impacted in parallel. In this study, our first objective was to improve the characterization of connected speech production in each variant of primary progressive aphasia, by quantifying speech output along a number of motor speech and linguistic dimensions simultaneously. Secondly, we aimed to determine the neuroanatomical correlates of changes along these different dimensions. We recorded, transcribed and analysed speech samples for 50 patients with primary progressive aphasia, along with neurodegenerative and normal control groups. Patients were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging, and voxel-based morphometry was used to identify regions where atrophy correlated significantly with motor speech and linguistic features. Speech samples in patients with the non-fluent variant were characterized by slow rate, distortions, syntactic errors and reduced complexity. In contrast, patients with the semantic variant exhibited normal rate and very few speech or syntactic errors, but showed increased proportions of closed class words, pronouns and verbs, and higher frequency nouns, reflecting lexical retrieval deficits. In patients with the logopenic variant, speech rate (a common proxy for fluency) was intermediate between the other two variants, but distortions and syntactic errors were less common than in the non-fluent variant, while lexical access was less impaired than in the semantic variant. Reduced speech rate was linked with atrophy to a wide range of both anterior and posterior language regions, but specific deficits had more circumscribed anatomical correlates. Frontal regions were associated with motor speech and syntactic processes, anterior and inferior temporal regions with lexical retrieval, and posterior temporal regions with phonological errors and several other types of disruptions to fluency. These findings demonstrate that a multidimensional quantification of connected speech production is necessary to characterize the differences between the speech patterns of each primary progressive aphasic variant adequately, and to reveal associations between particular aspects of connected speech and specific components of the neural network for speech production.
Parallel Parsing-Based Reverse Engineering

Parsing descriptive programming languages, such as eXtendable Markup Language (XML) and Unified Modeling Language (UML), has been an active area of research. Lam, Ding, and Liu claim that among all important phases of XML (e.g., parsing, access, modification, and serialization), parsing is the most time-consuming one. That motivates investigation of efficient parsing techniques with applications in many computer science areas, including reverse engineering.While there are many works on parsing XML, there is still room for research about UML parsing. UML parsing is still challenging because UML deals with graphical representations, such as class icons, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and not text representations that are input for traditional parsers. Reverse engineering is an important sub-area in software engineering and it basically means obtaining the UML specification from a source program described in an (object-oriented) programming language. This paper describes a new application of a non-traditional parallel parsing technique for a Uniform Petal Language (UPL) program. Our bidirectional parser takes as input a UPL program, that is, a text representation of a UML specification. The benefits of parsing a UPL program are checking the correctness of the UML specification and obtaining the productions that lead to that UPL program. Consequently, the UPL program can be generated from the associated set of productions. The set of productions associated to a correct UPL program is a very condensed way to store it. Keeping a specification as minimum as possible, but expressive, is an important concept of reverse engineering. We have implemented a bidirectional parser for context free languages, including UPL, in Java programming language, called Parsing Uniform petAl Language (PUPAL), and compare it with CUP, a state-of-the-art parser for Java designed by Hudson, Flannery, and Ananian. The experimental results considered several UPL programs and concluded that PUPAL performs better than CUP.
Electron spin resonance analysis of EP center interactions with H/sub 2/: evidence for a localized EP center structure

We report the first observation of a hydrogen complexed EP (E'/spl delta/) center. Analysis of EP/H and E'/sub /spl gamma///H electron spin resonance spectra show that they have quite similar doublet splitting, doubler linewidth, and doublet g-shift from the center line, providing the first evidence that EP (E'/spl delta/) centers do not have a delocalized structure.
Distinctive Feature Theory

The term ‘distinctive features’ is used in phonology to refer to the minimal units of sound that serve to distinguish the meaning of one word from another within a language. Distinctive features generally correspond to a specific articulatory or acoustic property of sound. Keywords: speech sound; distinctive feature; contrast; natural class; markedness; feature geometry
Involvement of a Rab8-like protein of Dictyostelium discoideum, Sas1, in the formation of membrane extensions, secretion and adhesion during development

Establishment of cell–cell adhesions, regulation of actin, and secretion are critical during development. Rab8-like GTPases have been shown to modulate these cellular events, suggesting an involvement in developmental processes. To further elucidate the function of Rab8-like GTPases in a developmental context, a Rab8-related protein (Sas1) of Dictyostelium discoideum was examined, the expression of which increases at the onset of development. Dictyostelium cell lines expressing inactive (N128I mutant) and constitutively active (Q74L mutant) Sas1 as green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Sas1 chimeras were generated. Cells expressing Sas1Q74L displayed numerous actin-rich membrane protrusions, increased secretion, and were unable to complete development. In particular, these cells demonstrated a reduction in adhesion as well as in the levels of a cell adhesion molecule, gp24 (DdCAD-1). In contrast, cells expressing Sas1N128I exhibited increased cell–cell adhesion and increased levels of gp24. Counting factor is a multisubunit signalling complex that is secreted in early development and controls aggregate size by negatively regulating the levels of cell adhesion molecules, including gp24. Interestingly, the Sas1Q74L mutant demonstrated increased levels of extracellular countin, a subunit of counting factor, suggesting that Sas1 may regulate trafficking of counting factor components. Together, the data suggest that Sas1 may be a key regulator of actin, adhesion and secretion during development.
Serum α-Fetoprotein in Patients with Massive Hepatic Necrosis

Serum concentrations of a-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 patients with massive hepatic necrosis, 11 of whom died. Levels were significantly elevated after the 8th day of illness in 8 of the 9 patients who died between the 10th and 60th day, and in the 1 patient who survived. All 9 patients with increased levels of serum AFP exhibited histological evidence of hepatic regeneration. These findings indicate that the rise in serum AFP in massive hepatic necrosis is related to the duration of survival after the onset of illness, but does not necessarily imply ultimate recovery. Because available evidence suggests that the serum AFP level reflects hepatic regenerative activity, it appears that the onset of regeneration in fulminant hepatitis is delayed until the 2nd week of illness.
2D Decision-Making for Multi-Criteria Design Optimization

The high dimensionality encountered in engineering design optimization due to large numbers of performance criteria and specifications leads to cumbersome and sometimes unachievable trade-off analyses. To facilitate those analyses and enhance decision-making and design selection, we propose to decompose the original problem by considering only pairs of criteria at a time, thereby making trade-off evaluation the simplest possible. For the final design integration, we develop a novel coordination mechanism that guarantees that the selected design is also preferred for the original problem. The solution of an overall large-scale problem is therefore reduced to solving a family of bicriteria subproblems and allows designers to effectively use decision-making in merely two dimensions for multicriteria design optimization.
Oxidation-induced control of self-assembly using a bis-dipyrromethyl substituted phenanthroline building block

Oxygenation of the meso-carbon atoms of the novel building block bis-dipyrromethyl substituted phenanthroline triggers a change in the hydrogen bond interactions from intramolecular to intermolecular.
Treating Family Relational Trauma: A Recursive Process Using a Decision Dialogue

This article describes a therapeutic process that combines individual and family sessions to maximize therapeutic opportunities to bring forward, understand, validate, and empower children's experience as equal participants in family therapy. The aim is to strengthen relational bonds within the family. Drawing from earlier work with families where incest had occurred, the authors present a recursive process that utilizes a "decision dialogue" to link individual and family sessions. Clinical examples are provided.
Impact of electrode placement and configuration on performance of morphological measures of intraventricular electrograms

The authors assess the effect of position of the catheter electrodes on morphology analysis is both unipolar and bipolar configuration. Unfiltered bipolar and unipolar intraventricular electrograms were recorded from an electrode catheter initially positioned in the right ventricular (RV) apex (site 1) of 13 patients during sinus rhythm and induced monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Sinus rhythm and the identical VT were recorded a second time after repositioning the same electrode catheter within the RV apex (site 2) 0.2-4.4 cm from its original site. Analysis of unipolar electrograms detected 10/10 VTs at both sites, whereas analysis of bipolar electrograms detected 8/10 VTs at site 1 and 9/10 VTs at site 2, but was successful in all ten using a choice of either site 1 or 2. Thus, unipolar electrogram analysis for VT detection is less affected than bipolar electrogram analysis by a change in electrode catheter position but bipolar electrograms can be equally effective with a careful and judicious choice of electrode placement. >
Rheumatic manifestations of parasitic diseases

Abstract Objectives: To consolidate the spectrum and frequency of parasite-related rheumatic syndromes, which have largely been regarded as exceedingly rare by the general medicine, infectious disease, and rheumatology literature. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for articles on rheumatic syndromes related to parasitic infections published from 1966 through December 2000. Identified articles included clinical and epidemiologic studies describing cases of rheumatic syndromes associated with verified parasitic infection. Results: Rheumatologic syndromes, including inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory myositis, and vasculitis, have been described among multiple different parasite infections of all parasitic divisions, including Protozoa, Nematoda, and Platyhelminthes. Individual parasitic divisions are often associated with particular rheumatic syndromes, such as reactive arthritis and spondyloarthropathy, inflammatory or infectious myositis, and reactive or parainfectious vasculitis. Conclusions and Relevance: Parasitic infection may underlie the clinical presentation of some rheumatic conditions. Given the continued and growing number of patients at risk for parasitosis by virtue of their country of origin, travel habits, and an immunocompromised state, potential parasitosis must be considered in patients undergoing evaluation for rheumatic complaints. Semin Arthritis Rheum 31:228-247. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Scheduling problems in master-slave model

We consider scheduling problems in the master slave model, which was introduced by Sahni in 1996. The goal is to minimize the makespan and the total completion time. It has been shown that the problem of minimizing makespan is NP-hard. Sahni and Vairaktarakis developed some approximation algorithms to generate schedules whose makespan is at most constant times the optimal. In this paper, we show that the problem of minimizing total completion time is NP-hard in the strong sense. Then we develop algorithms to generate schedules whose total completion time and makespan are both bounded by some constants times their optimal values.
Effect of Surface Tension on the Toughness of Glass

Mechanical stresses (i.e., surface tension) inherently exist on a general free surface because its atomic structure differs from its bulk counterpart. The effect of surface tension is amplified at a crack tip because of curvature enhancement. An integral equation describing this effect on the toughness of glass is derived and first-order approximations using a weight function technique were made. The qualitative results indicate that the geometry-induced toughening is linearly proportional to surface tension and crack tip curvature and to the square root of crack tip zone size. An illustrative example of a recently observed crack tip in SiO2 glass is given which shows that toughness is enhanced by ∼3 times the intrinsic K1C value.
Survival in Patients with Advanced Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Versus Cystic Fibrosis on the Waitlist for Lung Transplantation.

Survival in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis is not well studied. The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried from 1987 to 2013 to compare survival in adult patients with non-CF bronchiectasis to patients with CF listed for lung transplantation (LTx). Each subject was tracked from waitlist entry date until death or censoring to determine survival differences between the two groups. Of 2112 listed lung transplant candidates with bronchiectasis (180 non-CF, 1932 CF), 1617 were used for univariate Cox and Kaplan–Meier survival function analysis, 1173 for multivariate Cox models, and 182 for matched-pairs analysis based on propensity scores. Compared to CF, patients with non-CF bronchiectasis had a significantly lower mortality by univariate Cox analysis (HR 0.565; 95 % CI 0.424, 0.754; p < 0.001). Adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate Cox models identified a significant reduction in risk for death associated with non-CF bronchiectasis who were lung transplant candidates (HR 0.684; 95 % CI 0.475, 0.985; p = 0.041). Results were consistent in multivariate models adjusting for pulmonary hypertension and forced expiratory volume in one second. Non-CF bronchiectasis with advanced lung disease was associated with significantly lower mortality hazard compared to CF bronchiectasis on the waitlist for LTx. Separate referral and listing criteria for LTx in non-CF and CF populations should be considered.
Vision-Aided Inertial Navigation for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in GPS-Denied Environments

This paper presents a vision-aided inertial navigation system for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GPS-denied environments. During visual estimation, image features in consecutive frames are detected and matched to estimate the motion of the vehicle with a homography-based approach. Afterwards, the visual measurement is fused with the output of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) by an indirect extended Kalman filter (EKF). A delay-based approach for the measurement update is developed to introduce the visual measurement into the fusion without state augmentation. This method supposes that the estimated error state is stable and invariant during the second half of one visual calculation period. Simulation results indicate that delay-based navigation can reduce the computational complexity by about 20% compared with general augmented Vision/INS (inertial navigation system) navigation, with almost the same estimate accuracy. Real experiments were also carried out to test the performance of the proposed navigation system by comparison with the augmented filter method and a referential GPS/INS navigation.
The desires that were denied: (Re-) construction of sexual identity in middle adulthood.

Many men who entered adulthood in the 1970’s through 2000 experienced sexual desire for other men in their adolescence, but did not integrate this experience into their identities. After forming heterosexual identities and entering heterosexual marriages, some experience a re-emergence of same-sex desire in midlife. We examine posts to three online groups for such men in “mixed-orientation marriages” to describe the ways in which the inadequacies of available cultural scripts for sexual orientation impede their ability to re-integrate their samesex desire into their adult identities. We also suggest that the men who can make use of advanced forms of adult cognition are better equipped to transcend the limitations of cultural scripts and form a more coherent and inclusive adult identity.
A model of the T-type calcium current and the low-threshold spike in thalamic neurons

1. A model of the transient, low-threshold voltage-dependent (T-type) Ca2+ current is constructed using recent whole-cell voltage-clamp data from enzymatically isolated rat thalamocortical relay ne...
Universal Darwinism and process essentialism

Daniel Dennett has claimed that ‘nothing complicated enough to be really interesting could have an essence’. He and other universal Darwinists hold that Darwin’s theory undermined traditional essentialism in biology. This paper shows, first, that Dennett and other universal Darwinists are themselves committed to an essentialist view about historical processes, and second, that this process essentialism is optional. One can be a universal Darwinist without being a process essentialist.
The Influence of Resource Pressure on Medical Treatment Decisions

Due to rapidly increasing costs in the US health care system, there is pressure on physicians at all levels to minimize the cost of treating patients. There is a risk that these pressures may lead ...
"Strong medicine": Cambodian views of medicine and medical compliance.

Objective To identify important determinants of noncompliance among Cambodian refugees. Design Open-ended interviews. Setting University-affiliated ambulatory care clinic in an inner-city hospital. Participants Thirty adult Cambodian refugees (15 men and 15 women) who were regular utilizers of a refugee clinic. Measurements and main results Sixty-seven percent of the participants described being noncompliant with at least one of their medications. Four common causes of noncompliance were identified: 1) misunderstanding the intent of the medication; 2) side effects; 3) concern about the effect of medication on "internal strength"; and 4) Cambodian ideas about pharmacokinetics. Conclusions Noncompliance was commonly reported by the Cambodian respondents. Noncompliance was both intentional and unintentional; the unintended noncompliance derived from patients' attempting to comply with therapy according to Cambodian ideas about the body and Western medication. This article suggests clinical approaches to enhance compliance with prescribed regimens among recent Cambodian immigrants and refugees.
Engineered Material Gradients for Biologically Integrated Stretchable Electronics

Flexible and stretchable electronics have emerged in a pallet of new technologies for realizing smart sensors and actuators for biologically relevant applications. One of these application areas is skin sensors for measuring temperature, sweat, heart rate, and muscle activity. In order to get better functionality, these sensors should be attached on skin. Skin is soft and stretchable, and muscle contraction and expansion can generate huge strains on the surface of the skin, so sensors must tolerate high strains. Also, the material of these sensors must be compatible with the skin. A current solution for making these sensors is based on thinning the electronic sensors and then embedding them in soft polymers. However, thinning sensors and electronics is challenging while simultaneously maintaining high computational and low power capabilities. We are developing a new platform for stretchable electronics with capability of embedding thick electronic and sensing devices (50 µm). When the thickness of the embedded device increases, the risk of delamination from the polymer rises. This delamination issue is addressed by engineering polymer layers around the electronic part in order to gradually change material properties from a highly rigid material (Si) to a highly soft material (PDMS). We envision our approach being applicable to a range of biologically integrated applications.
Scientific and Practical Considerations Related to Revising Bulletin 17B: The Case for Improved Treatment of Historical Information and Low Outliers

Since 1982, Bulletin 17B (B17B) has provided guidelines for conducting flood frequency analyses in support of federal projects in the U.S. The stability and consistency of B17B is widely recognized as a virtue, but research during the past 25 years suggests that substantially more accu rate frequency estimates could be obtained if some of B17B's procedures were revised. Among other things, scientists and engineers have developed better methods for incorporating historical flood information into frequency analyses, and for addressing the problem of low outliers and zero flows, that take advantage of computational capabilities that were not available when B17B was published in 1982. Similarly, an additional 30 years of data are available to improve regional skew estimation. In this paper we consider both the technical aspects of proposed changes to B17B and some of the practical issues and implications related to altering procedures that have been in use for more than two decades.
Developmental Status of Hybrids

Fuel cells are emerging as a major new power generation technology that is particularly suitable for distributed power generation, high-efficiency, and low pollutant emission. An interesting combined cycle, the “HYBRID,” has recently been scoped “on paper” that portends the potential of ultra-high efficiency (approaching 80%) in which a gas turbine is synergistically combined with a fuel cell into a unique combined cycle. This paper introduces hybrid technology to the gas turbine community as a whole, and summarizes the current and projected activities associated with this emerging concept.© 1999 ASME