cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Key management for long-lived sensor networks in hostile environments

Large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are highly vulnerable to attacks because they consist of numerous resource-constrained devices and communicate via wireless links. These vulnerabilities are exacerbated when WSNs have to operate unattended in a hostile environment, such as battlefields. In such an environment, an adversary poses a physical threat to all the sensor nodes, that is, an adversary may capture any node compromising critical security data including keys used for confidentiality and authentication. Consequently, it is necessary to provide security services to these networks to ensure their survival. We propose a novel self-organizing key management scheme for large-scale, and long-lived WSNs, called Survivable and Efficient Clustered Keying (SECK) that provides administrative services that ensures the survivability of the network. SECK is suitable for managing keys in a hierarchical WSN consisting of low-end sensor nodes clustered around more capable gateway nodes. Using cluster-based administrative keys, SECK provides five efficient security administration mechanisms: (1) clustering and key setup, (2) node addition, (3) key renewal, (4) recovery from multiple node captures, and (5) re-clustering. All of these mechanisms have been shown to localize the impact of attacks and considerably improve the efficiency of maintaining fresh session keys. Using simulation and analysis, we show that SECK is highly robust against node capture and key compromise while incurring low communication and storage overhead.
Anticholinergics improve fibreoptic intubating conditions during general anaesthesia.

Purpose To determine if anticholinergic agents improve fibreoptic intubating conditions and to compare the efficacy and side effects of glycopyrrolate and hyoscine.
Beam shaping and gain enhancement using a diffractive optical element (DOE) lens

Dielectric and metamaterial lenses have been designed for gain enhancement and beam shaping. The present work focuses on the design of a diffractive optical element (DOE) lens for the same purpose, the advantage being that it is much thinner lighter and easy to fabricate. Gain enhancement is illustrated by modeling the DOE lens in CST microwave studio and placing it in front of different antennas. The antennas consist of a horn, slotted waveguide, and microstrip patch array. Beam shaping and focusing is clearly illustrated. It is seen that the size of the lens is proportional to gain increase which can be as high as 18 dB enhancement for a 45-GHz horn antenna. The lens, which is made from rexolite, can be easily fabricated and experimental validation of simulated results is under progress.
Mosaic Analysis of a Drosophila Clock Mutant

Gynandromorphs that showed mosaicism for an X chromosome carrying a short-period (per s) circadian clock mutation and several visible mutations were produced by two different methods. A blastoderm fate map of cuticle markers as well as the focus of the clock mutation were constructed with the aid of a least-squares computer program. The focus location was consistent with a brain location for the clock. Some flies with mosaic heads had activity rhythms with both male and female components, suggesting that the oscillators in the two halves of the brain were of different genotype and could function independently.
A short history of geophysical radar at Arecibo Observatory

Abstract. As Arecibo Observatory (AO) approaches its 50th anniversary, it is appropriate to review the many radars and ionospheric heaters that have been deployed on or near the 305 m dish and to summarize some of the innovative radar-based geophysical research that has resulted. The reasons William E. (Bill) Gordon developed the 305 m Arecibo dish are well known but are briefly reviewed. The early and then more recent radar/feed designs are reviewed as geophysical uses of Arecibo have evolved and as the full potential of the dish and nearby facilities was and is being realized from HF through S-band frequencies. This history surely has some gaps and there are a few mysteries. The community is encouraged to fill these gaps and to help complete the history.
Heidegger on Existentiality, Constancy, and the Self

Abstract In Being and Time, Heidegger develops an account of the self in terms of his existential ontology. He contrasts his view to Cartesian and Kantian accounts, and seems to reject features that we take to be fundamental for a self, such as diachronic unity and being the subject of one's experiences. His positive account is obscured by the difficult vocabulary of authenticity and temporality. This paper traces Heidegger's argument, outlines his existential conception of the self, and shows how it fits the basic criteria for a self.
ODD parity donor levels of germanium in a magnetic field

Abstract The lowest three odd parity states of Ge donors are calculated in the effective mass approximation as functions of magnetic field strength for fields in the (111) and (100) directions. This extends our earlier calculations of 1s and 2s-like Ge donor states. No simplifying assumptions are introduced —we attempt to take explicitly into account the lack of cylindrical symmetry of the effective mass Hamiltonian in our choice of trial functions. Our results appear to agree reasonably well with measured transition energies of Nisida and Horii.
On matrix solutions of discretized Dirichlet and Neumann problems

Abstract An algorithm is described for solving block-tridiagonal systems of equations. If the block-dimension is q, then q systems, each the size of one block, are to be solved. For certain values of q, the Fast Fourier Transform may be employed to speed the work. Other simplifications and extensions to singular problems are discussed.
The Kiwi comedown

Hailed as an alternative to the war on drugs, New Zealand's stalled attempt to end prohibition has lessons for the world, says Ross Bell
Truncation errors associated with the virial equation

Abstract The virial equation is useful and frequently applied because of its precise foundation in statistical mechanics. Unfortunately, the equation is an infinite series which requires truncation for practical applications. This paper contains generalized plots suggesting optimal truncation of the virial equation and other generalized plots which indicate probable errors associated with the most common truncations.
Quantitative Imaging of the Wake of a Cylinder in a Steady Current and Free-Surface Waves

The technique of high-image-density particle image velocimetry (PIV) can lead to instantaneous, global representations of the wake of a cylinder in a steady current and free-surface waves. Approaches to characterizing the complex patterns of the wake are described for several classes of experimental systems. Emphasis is on imaging in different planes, with the aim of providing insight into the quasi-two- and three-dimensional features of the near-wake.
Naïve nonparametric bootstrap model weights are biased.

(AIC) and R is the total number of candidate models (e.g., Burnham and Anderson, 2001). Recent work in statistical biology has suggested that model weights can also be obtained from the nonparametric bootstrap (e.g., Buckland, Burnham, and Augustin, 1997). The nonparametric bootstrap method samples, with replacement, n values from the observed data x = (x1, x2,..., xn) to obtain M bootstrap replications {x* (1),..., x *(M )}. After the competing models are fit to each of the M replications, the average weight method (e.g., Burnham and Anderson, 2002, p. 172) calculates AIC weights for each bootstrap sample and then takes the average of these weights. The selection frequency method (e.g., Buckland et al., 1997) constructs an AIC weight for model i by determining the proportion of M samples in which model i has the lowest (i.e., preferred) raw AIC value. Despite the recent popularity of nonparametric bootstrapping of goodness-of-fit criteria, it should be noted that both naive bootstrapping schemes are biased and can render misleading results. This is best illustrated by a simple example for which the correct sampling distribution is known.
Normal intraabdominal pressure in healthy adults

Background Intraabdominal pressure (IAP) has been considered responsible for adverse effects in trauma and other abdominal catastrophes as well as in formation and recurrence of hernias. To date, little information is available concerning IAP in normal persons. Our purpose in this study was to measure the normal range of IAP in healthy, nonobese adults and correlate these measurements with sex and body mass index (BMI). Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, 20 healthy young adults (≤30 years old) with no prior history of abdominal surgery were enrolled. Pressure readings were obtained through a transurethral bladder (Foley) catheter. Each subject performed 13 different tasks including standing, sitting, bending at the waist, bending at the knees, performing abdominal crunches, jumping, climbing stairs, bench-pressing 25 pounds, arm curling 10 pounds, and performing a Valsalva and coughing while sitting and also while standing. Data were analyzed by Student’s t -test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients Results Intraabdominal pressure was measured in 10 male and 10 female subjects. The mean age of the study group was 22.7 years (range, 18–30 years), and BMI averaged 24.6 kg/m 2 (range, 18.4–31.9 kg/m 2 ). Mean IAP for sitting and standing were 16.7 and 20 mm Hg. Coughing and jumping generated the highest IAP (107.6 and 171 mm Hg, respectively). Lifting 10-pound weights and bending at the knees did not generate excessive levels of pressure with the maximum average of 25.5 mm Hg. The mean pressures were not different when comparing males and females during each maneuver. There was a significant correlation between higher BMI and increased IAP in 5 of 13 exercises. Conclusion Normal IAP correlates with BMI but does not vary based on sex. The highest intraabdominal pressures in healthy patients are generated during coughing and jumping. Based on our observations, patients with higher BMI and chronic cough appear to generate significant elevation in IAP. Thus, this group of patients may potentially be at increased risk for abdominal wall hernia formation following surgery.
Chemical lasing in pendant droplets: lasing-spectra, emission-pattern, and cavity-lifetime measurements

We demonstrate lasing in liquid pendant droplets through a chemiluminescence process, which uniquely provides spatially uniform pumping throughout the sample. Pendant droplets of 2-mm equatorial radius are formed at the tip of a capillary tube through which the chemiluminescence material is injected. The chemiluminescence spectra along the highlighted rim of the droplet show redshifted intensity enhancement in the wavelength region where the absorption is low. The lasing threshold is found by addition of different amounts of absorbers. The observed nonuniform laser-emission intensity distribution along the droplet rim is caused by a spatially varying rate of diffractive-light leakage related to the droplet surface curvature. Using WKB approximation, we express the diffractive-light leakage rate on a curved surface as an exponentially decreasing function of angle of incidence. The standard laser rate equation with distributed leakage loss is employed to express the laser-emission output intensity from the pendant droplet. The light leakage from the surface was further investigated by localized perturbations formed by poking of the surface with a sharply tipped fiber. The Q of cavity modes as high as 3.5×108 in the pendant droplet was determined from the cavity-lifetime measurement.
Palliative Medicine The Short Version

Stable or initial phase—The patient experiences few symptoms and longevity ranges from years to months, as with dementia or motor neuron disease. Symptomatic phase—This phase is characterized by a worsening of the underlying disease, associated with frequent symptoms and a survival of months to weeks. Final or terminal phase—This is the end-of-life phase, during which survival is measured in weeks to days and the control of symptoms is more difficult.
Review: Alternative energy from food processing wastes

Food processes generate large amounts of various waste types. The environmental impact of these wastes is generally high if disposed untreated due to their high BOD and COD contents. By utilizing the high potential energy available in food processing wastes, sustainable energy can be obtained while reducing the waste disposal costs and impact on the environment. According to the unique compositions of various food processing wastes, proper conversion methods must be selected to optimize the economic and environmental benefits. In this review, food processing wastes are categorized in six groups, and various energy conversion technologies are addressed in association with them. Future direction for better utilizing food process wastes in alternative energy generation is also suggested. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Object programming for CAD

The use of object-oriented programming to simplify the design and implementation of CAD systems is discussed. The three features common to all languages that support object-oriented programming data abstraction, inheritance, and runtime-function determination are examined. Examples are given to illustrate the advantages of object-oriented methods. How to build an embryonic CAD framework and when to use an object-oriented language are addressed. Object-oriented databases are defined. >
Dynamical consequences of the K+-K0 mass difference

The possibility of using the observed K+-K0 mass difference for obtaining some information on the π+K interaction is investigated. The fraction of the total isotopic vector charge of the K-meson that resides in the two-pion cloud is the crucial parameter. It must have a value greater than unity in order to obtain a simple dynamical origin of the mass difference. Consistency requirements arising from the relation to π-K scattering imply that the fraction must have a value within the interval −2≲fK≲2.
Oscillations in arid alluvial-channel geometry

Arid alluvial channels on piedmonts and valley floors often exhibit an oscillating pattern of narrow, deeply incised reaches and wide, shallow reaches with a characteristic wavelength. How do these oscillations develop and what controls their wavelengths? To address these questions we developed a two-dimensional numerical model that couples erosion and deposition in a channel bed with cross-sectional widening and narrowing. This model is inherently unstable over a range of spatial scales dependent on the channel width, depth, and slope. In the initial phase of model evolution, wider-than-average channel reaches become zones of distributary flow that aggrade, lose stream power, and further widen in a positive feedback. Simultaneously, narrower-than-average reaches incise, gain stream power, and further narrow. In the second stage of model evolution, this instability is balanced by the diffusive nature of longitudinal profile evolution, and solitary topographic waves propagate in the upstream direction with a characteristic wavelength and amplitude. The model predicts a specific quantitative relationship between the oscillation wavelength and channel width, depth, and slope that is verified by a database of channel geometries in southern Arizona.
Smoking During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Effects, and Intervention Strategies

Smoking prevalence rates have been declining in the United States, but an estimated 25 percent of pregnant women continue to smoke. Smoking during pregnancy is considered one of the leading, preventable causes of low birthweight. Research attributes 21 to 39 percent of low birthweight to smoking during pregnancy, although the exact mechanism of the effect is not completely understood. Several well-designed studies have shown that pregnant smokers are more likely to stop smoking if they are provided with systematic interventions. This overview describes adverse consequences, prevalence, possible mechanisms of action, and prenatal smoking-cessation programs that have proved effective. A five-step approach is outlined for clinicians who want to counsel their prenatal clients.
Interrelationships between copper deficiency and dietary ascorbic acid in the rabbit.

1. Copper deficiency was induced in growing rabbits and the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation were studied.2. Signs of Cu deficiency, including reduced growth, achromotrichia and alopecia, anaemia, and gross alterations in the bones of the forelimbs, developed most rapidly in those animals fed ascorbic acid.3. Microscopic lesions in ossification centres were seen only in bones of rabbits which hadm received the vitamin.4. Calcium and phosphorus contents of ash from cortical bone were not changed.5. Compared with the controls, the concentration of liver Cu decreased and that of iron increased (> 50%) in Cu-deficient animals.6. Cytochrome oxidase activity was reduced in liver and heart in Cu-deficient animals; this effect was accentuated in heart preparations from animals fed ascorbic acid.
Neural mechanisms of bottom-up selection during visual search

Models of attention and saccade target selection propose that within the brain there is a topographic map of visual salience that selects, through a winner-take-all mechanism, locations for further processing. The results of a series of recent experiments in monkeys performing pop-out visual search tasks suggest that the frontal eye field (FEF) functions as a map of visual salience. FEF is located at the interface of sensory and motor processing and participates in the transformation of visual information into a command to move the eyes. Visually responsive neurons in FEF identify conspicuous objects in a search array regardless of the feature that renders conspicuousness. Furthermore, selection occurs at a constant interval following search array presentation and is dissociated from saccade production. The finding of a visual salience map in FEF validates models of visual selection and can serve to guide future empirical and theoretical investigations.
Object oriented visual interactive simulation

The object-oriented programming rationale for discrete event simulation is discussed. An object oriented framework for developing VIS (visual interactive simulation) system is then described. The implementation of VIS concepts is illustrated with the SIMFLEX, an experimental object-oriented VIS system for simulation of flexible manufacturing systems. The blackboard problem solving model is used to support the decision making process. It allows for the existence of a set of knowledge sources for solving problems which require expert knowledge. VIS has been found to be a natural domain for application of the paradigm and graphical capabilities provided in Smalltalk-80. >
In the Zone or Zoning Out? Tracking Behavioral and Neural Fluctuations During Sustained Attention

Despite growing recognition that attention fluctuates from moment-to-moment during sustained performance, prevailing analysis strategies involve averaging data across multiple trials or time points, treating these fluctuations as noise. Here, using alternative approaches, we clarify the relationship between ongoing brain activity and performance fluctuations during sustained attention. We introduce a novel task (the gradual onset continuous performance task), along with innovative analysis procedures that probe the relationships between reaction time (RT) variability, attention lapses, and intrinsic brain activity. Our results highlight 2 attentional states-a stable, less error-prone state ("in the zone"), characterized by higher default mode network (DMN) activity but during which subjects are at risk of erring if DMN activity rises beyond intermediate levels, and a more effortful mode of processing ("out of the zone"), that is less optimal for sustained performance and relies on activity in dorsal attention network (DAN) regions. These findings motivate a new view of DMN and DAN functioning capable of integrating seemingly disparate reports of their role in goal-directed behavior. Further, they hold potential to reconcile conflicting theories of sustained attention, and represent an important step forward in linking intrinsic brain activity to behavioral phenomena.
Plasma prolactin concentrations and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia.

• Plasma prolactin concentrations in 17 drug-free chronic schizophrenic patients correlated inversely with ratings of their psychopathology. An inverse relationship between psychotic symptoms and plasma prolactin concentrations was particularly clear in patients with normal cerebral ventricular size as determined by computed tomography. The psychosis-prolactin relationship did not hold for schizophrenic patients with large ventricular size. These data suggest that the degree of psychosis is related to dopaminergic activity insofar as this is reflected by plasma prolactin concentrations, especially in schizophrenic patients with normal ventricular size. These findings lend further support to the hypothesis that ventricular size is a meaningful factor in subtyping chronic schizophrenic patients.
CEO blogs: credibility issues

The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework and examine critical factors that are likely to influence credibility of a CEO's blog. These factors are categorised not only in terms of the degree to which they are controllable or uncontrollable but also whether or not the CEO may have realistically perceived control over them. The proposed framework for assessment of CEO blog credibility is discussed and practical guidelines provided for top managers on how to assess which factors are pertinent for their circumstances. In the conclusion of this paper, a step-by-step programme for assessing credibility of a CEO's blog is outlined.
Theory of Longitudinal Instability for Bunched Electron and Proton Beams

We discuss an original approach for the treatment of the longitudinal stability of high-intensity proton and electron bunches. The general analysis is divided in three steps. First, we search for a stationary bunch distribution which is matched to the external RF forces as well as to the current dependent induced fields. We question the existence of such distribution. Second, we check the stability of the stationary solution by applying a small perturbation and observing whether this is initially damped or not. At this point a stability condition is derived in terms of current, surrounding impedance and bunch size. In the last step one should question what happens to the beam in case the stability condition is not satisfied. The problem here is the determination of the final bunch configuration. We will not deal much with this step. We observe that the "overshoot formula" which is derived from numerical calculation1 is usually applied to proton bunches2, whereas commonly the assumption is made an electron bunch matches always its size to the stability condition3. The originality of our approach stays in the combination of the three steps. All previous theories either consider only the first step4 or combine the second and third ones but disregard the first2,3,5. Sometimes, in the latter case, the modification of the potential well is introduced ad hoc3. Our theory applies to the case of a real frequency independent impedance.
Comparison of contrast enhanced color Doppler targeted biopsy with conventional systematic biopsy: impact on prostate cancer detection.

Purpose: We performed a prospective study to determine whether a limited biopsy approach with contrast enhanced color Doppler ultrasound targeted biopsy of the prostate would detect cancer as well as gray scale US guided systematic biopsy with a larger number of biopsy cores.Materials and Methods: We examined 230 male screening volunteers with a total prostate specific antigen of 1.25 ng./ml. or greater and free-to-total prostate specific antigen less than 18%. Two independent examiners evaluated each subject and a single investigator performed 5 or fewer contrast enhanced targeted biopsies into hypervascular regions in the peripheral zone during intravenous infusion of the US contrast agent Levovist (Schering, Berlin, Germany). Subsequently another examiner performed 10 systematic prostate biopsies. The cancer detection rates of the 2 techniques were compared.Results: Cancer was detected in 69 of the 230 patients (30%), including 56 (24.4%) by contrast enhanced targeted biopsy and in 52 (22.6%) by system...
A measure of robustness against multiple kinds of perturbations

Parallel and distributed heterogeneous computing systems may operate in an environment that undergoes unpredictable changes causing certain system performance features to degrade. Such systems need robustness to guarantee limited degradation despite fluctuations in the behavior of its component parts or environment. Our previous work in this area presented a method for generating a measure of robustness for a given system. However, the focus of that approach was on a scenario where all perturbations were of the same kind, e.g., all perturbations were in message sizes or computation times, but not both message sizes and computation times. This paper gives an extended discussion of the case where perturbations could be of different kinds, and presents some new insights.
Chromaffin granule membranes contain at least three heme centers: direct evidence from EPR and absorption spectroscopy.

Abstract Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism and two-component redox titration have previously provided evidence for two different ascorbate-reducible heme centers in cytochrome b 561 present in chromaffin granule membranes. These species have now been observed by room and liquid nitrogen temperature absorption spectroscopy. The visualization of these heme centers becomes possible as a consequence of utilizing chromaffin granule membranes prepared by a mild procedure. Additionally, a new redox center, not reducible by ascorbate, was discovered by both EPR and absorption spectroscopy. It constitutes about 15% of the heme absorbance of chromaffin membranes at 561 nm and has EPR characteristics of a well-organized highly axial low-spin heme center (thus making it unlikely that it is a denatured species). This species is either an alternative form of one of the hemes of cytochrome b 561 that has a very low redox potential or a b -type cytochrome distinct from b 561 .
Closure of refractory perineal Crohn's lesion. Integration of hyperbaric oxygen into case management.

A case is reported in which a comprehensive program of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), surgical debridement and reconstruction, and continuing medical management resulted in complete and sustained closure of an extensive perineal Crohn's lesion refractory to conventional medical and surgical management. It is emphasized that in this case healing occurred in the setting of previous removal of all diseased intestinal tissue and only with the combined use of all three treatment modalities. HBO may be a useful adjunct in the therapy of large nonhealing perineal lesions postproctocolectomy in patients who are unresponsive to metronidazole or to immunosuppressant therapy or who experience limiting side effects from continued medical therapy.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A Quadrennium

▪ Abstract Consumer behavior continued to attract additional researchers and publication outlets from 1993 through 1996. Both general interest and domain-specific scholarly contributions are discussed, along with limitations and suggested areas for future research. A concluding section observes that the integrity of consumer research is unnecessarily compromised by the failure of the major scholarly association in the field to develop and adopt a code of researcher ethics.
False positive peaks in ChIP-seq and other sequencing-based functional assays caused by unannotated high copy number regions

Motivation: Sequencing-based assays such as ChIP-seq, DNase-seq and MNase-seq have become important tools for genome annotation. In these assays, short sequence reads enriched for loci of interest are mapped to a reference genome to determine their origin. Here, we consider whether false positive peak calls can be caused by particular type of error in the reference genome: multicopy sequences which have been incorrectly assembled and collapsed into a single copy. Results: Using sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we systematically scanned the human genome for regions of high sequencing depth. These regions are highly enriched for erroneously inferred transcription factor binding sites, positions of nucleosomes and regions of open chromatin. We suggest a simple masking procedure to remove these regions and reduce false positive calls. Availability: Files for masking out these regions are available at eqtl.uchicago.edu Contact:pickrell@uchicago.edu; dgaffney@uchicago.edu; gilad@uchicago.edu; pritch@uchicago.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Endothelial Acyl-CoA Synthetase 1 Is Not Required for Inflammatory and Apoptotic Effects of a Saturated Fatty Acid-Rich Environment

Objective— Saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic and stearic acid, cause detrimental effects in endothelial cells and have been suggested to contribute to macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue and the vascular wall, in states of obesity and insulin resistance. Long-chain fatty acids are believed to require conversion into acyl-CoA derivatives to exert most of their detrimental effects, a reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs). The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ACSL1, an ACSL isoform previously shown to mediate inflammatory effects in myeloid cells, in regulating endothelial cell responses to a saturated fatty acid-rich environment in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results— Saturated fatty acids caused increased inflammatory activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in mouse microvascular endothelial cells. Forced ACSL1 overexpression exacerbated the effects of saturated fatty acids on apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, endothelial ACSL1 deficiency did not protect against the effects of saturated fatty acids in vitro, nor did it protect insulin-resistant mice fed a saturated fatty acid-rich diet from macrophage adipose tissue accumulation or increased aortic adhesion molecule expression. Conclusion— Endothelial ACSL1 is not required for inflammatory and apoptotic effects of a saturated fatty acid-rich environment.
The Liang-Kleeman Information Flow: Theory and Applications

Information flow, or information transfer as it may be referred to, is a fundamental notion in general physics which has wide applications in scientific disciplines. Recently, a rigorous formalism has been established with respect to both deterministic and stochastic systems, with flow measures explicitly obtained. These measures possess some important properties, among which is flow or transfer asymmetry. The formalism has been validated and put to application with a variety of benchmark systems, such as the baker transformation, Hnon map, truncated Burgers-Hopf system, Langevin equation, etc. In the chaotic Burgers-Hopf system, all the transfers, save for one, are essentially zero, indicating that the processes underlying a dynamical phenomenon, albeit complex, could be simple. (Truth is simple.) In the Langevin equation case, it is found that there could be no information flowing from one certain time series to another series, though the two are highly correlated. Information flow/transfer provides a potential measure of the cause-effect relation between dynamical events, a relation usually hidden behind the correlation in a traditional sense.
Use of Data Mining to Reveal Body Mass Index (BMI): Patterns Among Pennsylvania Schoolchildren, Pre‐K to Grade 12

BACKGROUND Health eTools for Schools was developed to assist school nurses with routine entries, including height and weight, on student health records, thus providing a readily accessible data base. Data-mining techniques were applied to this database to determine if clinically significant results could be generated. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) data collected and entered in eTools by school nurses from 657,068 students attending 1156 schools in 49 of 67 Pennsylvania counties during 2005-2009 were analyzed. Students in each BMI category were sorted; regression was used to model mean and percentage trends. A chi-square test of individually matched BMI percentages was computed and migration across normal, overweight, and obese states determined. RESULTS The highest percentage of obese students occured in middle school. The mean trends for obesity and overweight had increasing slopes of 0.189 and 0.227, respectively; with regression slope for overweight >59%. Within groups, substantial percentages of individually matched BMIs changed significantly (p < .0001) over 2 years, migrating between normal weight, overweight, and obese. A comparison of 2009 measured BMI for grades 9-12 from eTools with 2009 Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior Survey self-reported BMI yielded substantial diferences. CONCLUSION A pattern of increasing BMI for elementary students with a corresponding decrease among middle and high school students emerged. The means trends for both overweight and obesity were greater in 2009 than in 2005, increasing steadily to 2008 and slightly declining to 2009. The dominant overall pattern flows from overweight to obese. If continued unabated, percentage of students who are obese will dominate over time.
Ten Tapas for a Career in the Humanities

The purpose of this essay is to advance collective wisdom about a productive career in the Humanities with a special focus on the field traditionally called languages, literatures, and linguistics. Between the two of us, we estimate that we have taught more than 7,500 students over 74 years, helped repopulate our chosen profession with 150 language teachers and professors, written 70 published papers and book chapters, delivered at least 225 presentations, co-authored nine books and been honored with 24 awards.
Isolated Singularities and Laurent Series

It is often important to consider a function that is holomorphic on a punctured open set U ∖ {P} ⊂ ℂ. Refer to Figure 4.1.
Abdominoplasty with Scarpa's Fascia Advancement Flap to Enhance the Waistline

Abdominoplasty for body contouring has evolved from focusing primarily on modification of the skin flap and underlying rectus diastasis repair, to the association of liposuction and limited undermining techniques. While plication of the midline diastasis reliably improves anterior posterior dimensions, it has a more limited effect on the waist contour. Nahas suggested that increasing the width of the plication of the anterior rectus sheath may be responsible for displacement of the contours of the abdomen, yielding unnatural results.1 In an attempt to achieve reliable waist modification, different techniques have been published. L-shaped external oblique muscle plication, multidirectional abdominal wall plication, and advancement of the external oblique muscle flaps have been described.2 Plication of the external obliques demonstrates limited mobility and the creation of widely undermined external oblique flaps is typically beyond the scope of the standard outpatient procedure. It has been suggested that the preservation of Scarpa's fascia during abdominoplasty may lead to a decrease in postoperative complications.3,4 Friedman et al suggested that up to 17% of the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall is maintained if dissection is performed above Scarpa's fascia.5 The use of Scarpa's fascia to enhance the waist line definition during abdominoplasty has been limited. Mossaad et al used a medial directional pull on Scarpa's fascia in an effort to define the waistline as a modification of the lipoabdominoplasty technique described by Saldanha et al.6-9 Mossaad's technique removes a full thickness midline strip of subcutaneous tissue below the umbilicus down to the rectus sheath, extending approximately 4 cm lateral to the midline on each side. Tissue advancement was achieved only through lipo-mobilization using standard liposuction techniques with o undermining above the umbilicus other than the midline. Mallucci presented a refinement to traditional abdominoplasty using a superficial fascial …
Solvent-Triggered Self-Assembly of CdTe Quantum Dots into Flat Ribbons

Diluting an aqueous colloid containing purified CdTe quantum dots (QD) by injecting into common organic solvents triggered self-assembly into a variety of structures. Nanoribbons formed in methanol...
Six-month pharmacy technician training program at a community college

A six-month pharmacy technician training program at a community college is discussed. Establishment of the program, recruitment and screening of applicants, and the curriculum are described. Also discussed are the advantages of community college training, the program's pharmacist advisory committee, contracts with hospitals that provide practical experience, reaction of state pharmacy organizations to the program, and the employment record of graduates. It is suggested that short, effective pharmacy technician training programs should be established in community colleges to supply high quality supportive personnel to hospital pharmacies. A national testing and certification program for pharmacy technicians is recommended.
Characterization of arteriovenous malformation feeding vessels by carbon dioxide reactivity.

PURPOSE To characterize cerebral hemodynamics in patients immediately before microsurgical resection of moderate to large arteriovenous malformations during isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS In angiographically defined arteriovenous malformation feeding and nonfeeding arteries, transcranial Doppler studies were performed in 25 surgeries on 22 patients. The mean blood flow velocity and pulsatility index were recorded in the middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries. Transcranial Doppler velocities were measured at end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions (PetCO2) of about 25 and 35 mm Hg. Carbon dioxide reactivity was calculated as percentage mean blood flow velocity change per mm Hg PetCO2 change. RESULTS Patient demographic and clinical data for the arteriovenous malformation group followed the expected strata of a large arteriovenous malformation population. All patients were neurologically stable before surgery. A total of 43 feeding arteries and 55 nonfeeding arteries were studied. Compared with nonfeeders, feeders exhibited higher mean blood flow velocity (68 +/- 5 vs 31 +/- 3 cm/sec, P CONCLUSIONS Quantitative transcranial Doppler studies are technically feasible in the operating room or interventional suite during anesthesia. Hemodynamic assessment using physiologic challenges of arteriovenous malformation feeders as well as angiographically uninvolved vessels may be useful as criteria in the assessment of malformations and arteriovenous malformation patients may exhibit abnormal vasoreactivity in distant uninvolved perfusion territories, suggesting a deranged neural control mechanism.
Changing Patterns in Papago Subsistence Strategies: Archaeology and Ethnohistory Compared

ABSTRACTTwenty-eight historic Papago archaeological sites were examined in an attempt to evaluate the utility of the ethnographic record as a predictor of archaeological manifestations. Relatively large sites, believed to be the remains of saguaro harvest base camps, were specifically analyzed. In general, it was found that the behavior described in the ethnographies could be discerned archaeologically, although several discrepancies were noted. In addition, when the historic sites were contrasted with prehistoric sites in the same area, it was observed that saguaro camps were proportionately much more numerous in the historic record. Several propositions were examined in an attempt to “explain” this difference. The most tenable alternative involved a brief examination of Papago culture history from the time of first Spanish contact to the present. It was suggested that saguaro procurement activities by the Papago are not actually greater than they were prehistorically. Instead, it was proposed that while...
Finite Element Analysis of Rail-End Bolt Hole and Fillet Stress on Bolted Rail Joints

A rail joint typically is one of the weakest elements of a track superstructure, primarily because of discontinuities in its geometric and mechanical properties and the high-impact loads induced by these discontinuities. The development of continuously welded rail has significantly reduced the number of rail joints, but many bolted joints remain installed in rail transit systems. Because of the unique loading environment of a rail transit system (especially high-frequency, high-repetition loads), defects related to bolted rail joints (e.g., joint bar failures, bolt hole cracks, and cracks in the upper fillet) continue to cause service failures and can pose derailment risks. Recent research in the Rail Transportation and Engineering Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign has focused on investigating crack initiation in the bolt hole and fillet areas of bolted rail joints. Stress distribution was investigated at the rail-end bolt hole and upper fillet areas of standard, longer, and thicker...
Patient Preferences for Discussing Childhood Trauma in Primary Care.

CONTEXT Exposure to traumatic events is common in primary care patients, yet health care professionals may be hesitant to assess and address the impact of childhood trauma in their patients. OBJECTIVE To assess patient preferences for discussing traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with clinicians in underserved, predominantly Latino primary care patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We evaluated patients with a questionnaire assessing comfort to discuss trauma exposure and symptoms using the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study questionnaire and the Primary Care-PTSD screen. The questionnaire also assessed patients' confidence in their clinicians' ability to help with trauma-related issues. Surveys were collected at an integrated medical and behavioral health care clinic. RESULTS Of 178 adult patients asked, 152 (83%) agreed to participate. Among participants, 37% screened positive for PTSD, 42% reported 4 or more ACEs, and 26% had elevated scores on both measures. Primary Care-PTSD and ACE scores were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Most patients agreed they were comfortable being asked about trauma directly or through screening questionnaires and did not oppose the inclusion of trauma-related information in their medical record. In addition, most patients perceived their clinician as comfortable asking questions about childhood trauma and able to address trauma-related problems. CONCLUSION Screening is acceptable to most primary care patients regardless of trauma exposure or positive PTSD screening. Findings may aid primary care clinicians to consider screening regularly for ACEs and PTSD to better serve the health care needs of trauma-exposed patients.
Development of the Azaborine Isostere

Geraint Davies is currently a senior graduate student in the research group of Prof. Gary Molander at the University of Pennsylvania. His dissertation research centers on developing methods for the synthesis and subsequent functionalization of azaborine isosteres, as well as computational modeling aiming toward understanding these molecular systems. Earlier in his academic carrier, Geraint completed his bachelor's degree at Emory University, where he performed undergraduate research in the laboratory of Prof. Simon Blakey. Upon completion of his PhD in the spring of 2017, he will join Celgene's medicinal chemistry team in Cambridge, MA. Geraint also serves as a member of Chem 's Next-Generation Advisory Board.
48-V Voltage Regulator Module With PCB Winding Matrix Transformer for Future Data Centers

Efficient power delivery architecture is gaining more attention in the design of future generations of data centers in order to minimize the ever increasing trend of power consumption. Silicon-based power delivery architectures and designs have already reached a level of maturity in terms of efficiency and density. Recent studies indicate that 48-V voltage regulator modules (VRMs), instead of 12-V VRMs, are deemed a more efficient and cost effective architecture. In this paper a Gallium Nitride (GaN) based design of a two-stage solution is proposed. The first stage is a 48 V/12 V-250 W LLC converter with a matrix transformer design operating at 1.6 MHz with a peak efficiency of 97.3% and a power density of 870 W/in3. The second stage is a 12/1.8 V multiphase buck converter which can be either a conventional silicon-based or a GaN-based design with a higher operating frequency and power density. Furthermore, in this proposed two-stage architecture, a novel light load improvement mechanism is proposed by dynamically changing the bus voltage from 12 to 6 V during light load by which the system can achieve a more than 8% efficiency improvement.
Revision and New Species of Vasotrema Stunkard, 1926 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea): Turtle Blood Flukes of North American Softshell Turtles (Testudines: Trionychidae: Apalone spp.)

Abstract Gulf Coast spiny softshell turtles, Apalone spinifera aspera (Agassiz, 1857) (Testudines: Trionychidae) from Canoe Lake (33°47′56.16″N, 86°29′25.02″W; Springville, Alabama) and Round Lake (32°41′50.91″N, 87°14′30.39″W; Perry Lakes State Park, Marion, Alabama), were infected by V. robustum Stunkard, 1928, Vasotrema longitestis Byrd, 1939, and Vasotrema rileyae n. sp. The new species differs from its congeners by having papillate suckers, a short testis, an ovary dextral to the oviduct, and a pre-ovarian genital pore that is lateral to the ventral sucker. We studied the newly collected specimens and museum specimens of all congeners to revise the diagnosis of Vasotrema Stunkard, 1926 and redescribe and provide an updated dichotomous key to all species of the genus.
Acute Post-Tracheostomy Clinical Decompensations in Infants-Are There Predictive Markers?

Objective To report on the population of infants receiving a tracheostomy, identify acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations, and seek predictive markers associated with acute complications following the placement of a tracheostomy. Study Design Retrospective deidentified clinical data was provided by the Infant Pulmonary Data Repository at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City. Data from infants undergoing tracheostomy from January 1, 2008 through September 30, 2016 were divided into one of two study groups based on clinical correlations: (1) no acute decompensations within 72 hours post-tracheostomy or (2) acute clinical decompensation defined as sustained escalation of respiratory care within the 72 hours following tracheostomy. Results Thirty-four percent of infants undergoing tracheostomy during this period developed acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations. Elevated pre-tracheostomy positive end expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, and echocardiogram findings suggestive of pulmonary hypertension (PH) or ventricular dysfunction were associated with acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations. Additionally acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensation was associated with higher rate of death prior to discharge. Conclusion Infants requiring higher respiratory support and infants with PH or ventricular dysfunction are at risk of acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensation, thus identifying these patients may lead to better pre-tracheostomy counseling and potentially targeted treatments to decrease this risk.