cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Morphology of Prey Ingestion by Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew Zoeae (Crustacea: Anomura: Lithodidae).

The relationship between the morphology and functions of the feeding appendages of first-stage zoeae of the lithodid crab Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew during ingestion is explored in this study. The preoral chambers of these zoeae are bordered on all sides, with the labrum and mandibles forming the anterior borders, the paragnaths and sternal projection together creating the posterior boundaries, and the maxillules forming the sides. The maxillules are the sole pair of appendages responsible for prey manipulation immediately preceding ingestion. Maxillules are capable of remarkable plasticity of movement, enabling them to grasp, control, and redirect violently struggling prey (Artemia sp. metanauplii). The asymmetrical mandibles tear and grind the prey, working against each other with rotating motions. Two separate ratchet-like coordinations of the appendages were seen, each of which enabled the zoea to maintain a firm grasp on the prey while renewing points of leverage for ingestion. The mandibles h...
A Large-Scale Synthesis of Spiro [Cyclopropane-1,9′- [9H] Fluorene] and Derivatives

Abstract Our studies of the conjugative properties of cyclopropanes required the synthesis of large quantities of spiro [cyclopropane-1,9′- [9H] fluorene] (1) and its derivatives.1 The method of Corey2 is suited for the preparation of modest (1–5 g) amounts of 1 in one step. This procedure has failed to produce the desired cyclopropane when applied to substituted fluorenones.3
GWU-HASP: Hybrid Arabic Spelling and Punctuation Corrector

In this paper, we describe our Hybrid Arabic Spelling and Punctuation Corrector (HASP). HASP was one of the systems participating in the QALB-2014 Shared Task on Arabic Error Correction. The system uses a CRF (Conditional Random Fields) classifier for correcting punctuation errors, an open-source dictionary (or word list) for detecting errors and generating and filtering candidates, an n-gram language model for selecting the best candidates, and a set of deterministic rules for text normalization (such as removing diacritics and kashida and converting Hindi numbers into Arabic numerals). We also experiment with word alignment for spelling correction at the character level and report some preliminary results.
Management of Candida Peritonitis with Intravenous Amphotericin: Peritoneal Fluid Antibiotic Levels

The child presented in this report received intravenous amphotericin B 0.5 mg/kg every 36 hours, for dialysis-associated Candida peritonitis. Just prior to her third dose of amphotericin B, the peritoneal fluid concentration of this drug was 0.1 mcg/ml, and the simultaneous serum level was 0.2 mcg/ml. An hour following the third amphotericin B dose, the peritoneal fluid and serum concentrations were 0.2 and 0.4 mcg/ml respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B for the C. albicans isolated from this patient was 0.05 mcg/ml, and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) was 0.1 mcg/ml. Treatment included concurrent 5-fluorocytosine, and catheter removal. This is the first time that measurements of concentrations of amphotericin B in the peritoneal fluid have been reported in a child with peritonitis.
Privacy transformations for databank systems

The term databank implies a centralized collection of data to which a number of users have access. A computerized databank system consists of the data files, the associated computer facility, a management structure, and a user community. Several classes of databank systems can be defined on the basis of the nature of the organization supported by the databank, and its activity; the nature of the data and its uses; and the structure of the associated computer facility. Such classifications have been discussed in detail elsewhere.
The Bible and the Zoo in Andrey Sinyavsky's The Trial Begins

Biblical imagery plays an integral stylistic and thematic role in Andrey Sinyavsky's The Trial Begins. Simplified Old and New Testament concepts are used as focal points of allegory to expose the theology of the Soviet system and the sanctified person of Stalin. Through the use of such Biblical analogues as a prophet, the Fall, the Atonement, the Mosaic Law, the New Testament Gospel, the Promised Land, the scapegoat, and the account of Abraham and Isaac, Sinyavsky vents his dissident spleen against the excesses of an absolutist system's pursuit of the Great Goal. The system perceives itself as deified but fails because it does not possess the attributes of deity and because it runs amuck of an “end justifies the means” approach to implementation. To amplify his discussion of gods, victims, and sacrifices, Sinyavsky also utilizes animal imagery and focusses on the scapegoat and the prison-like aura of the zoo. The Biblical conclusions of The Trial Begins indict the system from a New Testament perspective and expose the gospel, deities, and disciples as tragic imitations of ideal originals.
An efficient approach to reliability-based topology optimization for continua under material uncertainty

This contribution presents a computationally efficient method for reliability-based topology optimization for continuum domains under material properties uncertainty. Material Young's modulus is assumed to be lognormally distributed and correlated within the domain. The computational efficiency is achieved through estimating the response statistics with stochastic perturbation of second order, using these statistics to fit an appropriate distribution that follows the empirical distribution of the response, and employing an efficient gradient-based optimizer. Two widely-studied topology optimization problems are examined and the changes in the optimized topology is discussed for various levels of target reliability and correlation strength. Accuracy of the proposed algorithm is verified using Monte Carlo simulation.
Hall, Jr., Robert A. Stormy Petrel in Linguistics

La autobiografio de Hall rakontas el persona vidpunkto la historion de la lingvistiko en Usono inter la tridekaj kaj sesdekaj jaroj de nia jarcento. Gi atestas la atakemon, batalemon de la universitata vivo, kiu neniel estas tiel ideala, kiel studento revas. Temas pri vivhistorio de interesa, sprita, humura lingvisto, kun carmaj, amuzaj, ofte tiklaj rakontoj kaj anekdotoj. Kontraue al sia propra aserto, per sia libro Hall ofte respondas al atakoj de profesiaj kontrauuloj, tiel ricevante la lastan vorton. Li montras la kve-relojn inter si kaj, ekzemple, Leo Spitzer; la sintenon de diversaj profesoroj, ankau liaj propraj, al siaj studentoj - do ankau al li, kiel studento. Oni ekkomprenas la reputacion de la lingvistoj kaj filologoj kiel ec plikverelemaj, ol la alifakaj kolegoj. Leginda, ofte humura libro.
Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes in Overdose With Acetaminophen Alone or With Combination Products: Results From the Acute Liver Failure Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the west. It is unknown if APAP overdose in combination with diphenhydramine or opioids confers a different clinical presentation or prognosis. Study objectives were to compare (1) baseline patient characteristics; (2) initial clinical presentation; and (3) clinical outcomes among patients with ALF due to APAP alone or in combination with diphenhydramine or opioids. METHODS: We analyzed 666 cases of APAP-related liver failure using the Acute Liver Failure Study Group database from 1998 to 2012. The database contains detailed demographic, laboratory, and clinical outcome data, including hemodialysis, transplantation, and death and in-hospital complications such as arrhythmia and infection. RESULTS: The final sample included 666 patients with APAP liver injury. A total 30.3% of patients were overdosed with APAP alone, 14.1% with APAP/diphenhydramine, and 56.6% with APAP/opioids. Patients taking APAP with opioids were older, had more comorbidities, and were more likely to have unintentional overdose (all PCONCLUSIONS: Most patients with APAP-induced ALF were taking APAP combination products. There were significant differences in patient characteristics and clinical presentation based on the type of product ingested, however, there were no differences noted in delayed hepatotoxicity or clinical outcomes. Language: en
Coupled Fluid-Chemical Computational Modeling of Anticoagulation Therapies in a Stented Artery

Stent thrombosis is a major complication that occurs after the placement of stents in the coronary artery through balloon angioplasty. The common treatment for stent thrombosis is to provide patients with anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy through the bloodstream. This study uses numerical modeling to compare two delivery methods of heparin anticoagulant to the arterial wall to reduce thrombus formation: through the flow and via a drug-eluting stent. A unique computational fluid dynamics model is developed that couples an incompressible flow solver with a convection-diffusion-reaction equation solver. The flow solver uses a sharp-interface immersed boundary method on a Cartesian grid to characterize pulsatile flow over the curved wires of the stent. Concurrently, the convection-diffusion-reaction equations are solved for the 19 coupled reactions that make up the coagulation cascade and heparin interactions, as well as reaction and transport equations for both active and inactive platelet species. The simulation is run with input boundary conditions of steady flow, pulsatile Poiseuille flow, and a Womersley flow profile. Results are collected for the bare metal stent case, anticoagulant delivered through the bloodstream, and anticoagulant delivered through a drug-eluting stent. The results generally find that the drug-eluting stent delivery of anticoagulant is more effective in reducing platelet activation and clotting, while also providing a more localized anticoagulant distribution.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Spinal Seizures After Metrizamide Myelography in a Patient with a Spinal Block

Since the introduction of the water-soluble contrast agent metrizamide, reports of side effects in man following myelography have been limited to the frequent occurrence of relatively minor symptoms such as headache and vomiting , and the occasional episode of grand mal convulsions [17]. Such convulsions may relate to an excessive quantity of the contrast agent spilling over the convexity of the brain and are sometimes facilitated by phenothiazine medication [8]. As a result , metrizamide has been considered safe for total myelography, c isternography , and ventriculography . We report a case of spinal seizures, in the form of prolonged myoclonic spasms of the trunk and lower extremities , occurring after metrizamide myelography in a patient with a myelographic block in the midthorac ic region.
Evaluation of blast resistance in different rice varieties in Southern Anhui

The blast resistance levels of 31 monogenic lines harboring different blast resistance(R) genes were analyzed in a disease nursery located at Shangshan Town in Xiuning county, Anhui province. According to the scoring data, varieties with 3 R genes, namely Pi-ta, Pi-ta2 and Pi-kp showed better resistance performance than the others. Moreover, among the 293 main varieties collected from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, 77 varieties continuously performed blast resistance in 2012 and 2013 and worth to be further evaluated in a large scale production. These varieties should have a potential value for disease resistance breeding in Anhui province.
Research of automation fuel conveyance system of biologic power plant based on Multi-Agent theory

With the improvement of preventing the pollution of the environment and saving energy, Biologic Power plant is becoming very important. Fuel conveyance is the key problem of affecting Biologic Power plant function. Applying Multi-Agent theory, this paper research an automation fuel conveyance system for Biologic Power plant. Every part of the system has been designed an Agent. All Agents use public information. On above method, the conveyance system can be assembled easily. The automation and reliability can be highly improved, it also reduce the running cost.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; a specific test for the disease based on the ability of thrombin to activate the hemolytic factor.

1. A simple and rapid test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is described. The test is based upon the activation by thrombin of the hemolytic factor in serum which destroys the red cells of this disease. 2. It is believed that the test is specific for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
SU-F-J-104: Weekly MRI for Dose Assessment of Organs at Risk During Treatment of HN Cancer of the Oropharynx

Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of using weekly MRI to assess dose to organs at risk utilizing deformable image registration. Methods: Sixteen H&N patients with oropharyngeal cancer were imaged on a 3T MR scanner using T2W and mDIXON sequence. Patients were imaged on a weekly basis in treatment position. Parotids (LP & RP), submandibular glands (LS, RS), and oral cavity (OC) were delineated on the weekly MR and reviewed by a board certified radiation oncologist. The original planning CT (pCT), RT-Dose, and RT-Structures were deformed and registered to each weekly MRIs. The deformed CTs and RT-Structures were imported to the treatment planning system (TPS) and rigidly registered to the pCT. Forward dose calculation of the original RT-Plan was used to estimate the delivered dose on the deformed CT. The dose volume histograms (DVH) statistics were performed to compare planned dose, deformed dose, and forward calculated dose. In addition, Dice similarity metric (DSM) was used to compare deformed and reference structures. Results: The average (min,max) DSM between deformed and reference structures was 0.71 (0.69,0.93); 0.70 (0.64,0.89); 0.65 (0.48,0.86); 0.63 (0.37,0.89); and 0.63 (0.58,0.87); for LP, RP, LS, RS, and OC respectively. The respective average relative structures volumes changed at a weekly rate of −4.99%; −4.40%; +3.45%; +1.46%; −1.39%, respectively. The percentage difference %(min,max) between estimated delivered dose and planned dose was +3.94 (−51.3,+30.5); +6.33 (−58.6,+82.7); +2.46 (−38.9,+37.6,); +2.38(−49.0,+28.9); +3.55(−17.0,+43.1). Conclusion: The recalculated dose based on weekly MRI deviated from planned dose for all OARs. Meanwhile, the deformed dose did not reflect the subtle changes in OARs as compared to the recalculated dose. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using weekly MRI to monitor volumetric changes which has important implications on actual delivered dose.
Treatment of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common parasomnia disorder affecting between 1 and 7 % of community-dwelling adults, most frequently older adults. RBD is characterized by nocturnal complex motor behavior and polysomnographic REM sleep without atonia. RBD is strongly associated with synucleinopathy neurodegeneration. The approach to RBD management is currently twofold: symptomatic treatment to prevent injury and prognostic counseling and longitudinal follow-up surveillance for phenoconversion toward overt neurodegenerative disorders. The focus of this review is symptomatic treatment for injury prevention. Injury occurs in up to 55 % of patients prior to treatment, even when most behaviors seem to be infrequent or minor, so patients with RBD should be treated promptly following diagnosis to prevent injury risk. A sound evidence basis for symptomatic treatment of RBD remains lacking, and randomized controlled treatment trials are needed. Traditional therapeutic mainstays with relatively robust retrospective case series level evidence include melatonin and clonazepam, which appear to be equally effective, although melatonin is more tolerable. Melatonin also has one small randomized controlled crossover trial supporting its use for RBD treatment. Melatonin dosed 3–12 mg at bedtime should be considered as the first-line therapy, followed by clonazepam 0.25–2.0 mg at bedtime if initial melatonin is judged ineffective or intolerable. However, neither agent is likely to completely stop dream enactment behaviors, so choosing a moderate target dosage of melatonin 6 mg or clonazepam 0.5 mg, or the highest tolerable dosage that reduces attack frequency and avoids adverse effects from overtreatment, is currently the most reasonable strategy. Alternative second- and third-line therapies with anecdotal efficacy include temazepam, lorazepam, zolpidem, zopiclone, pramipexole, donepezil, ramelteon, agomelatine, cannabinoids, and sodium oxybate. A novel non-pharmacological approach is a bed alarm system, although this may be most useful in patients who also report sleep walking or a history of leaving their bed during dream enactment episodes. The benefit of hypnosis, especially in those with psychiatric RBD, also requires further study. RBD is an attractive target for future neuroprotective treatment trials to prevent evolution of overt parkinsonism or memory decline, but currently, there are no known effective treatments and future trials will be necessary to determine if RBD is an actionable time point in the evolution of overt synucleinopathy.
An overview of synchrophasors and their applications in smart grids

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have revolutionized power systems monitoring and control. By providing higher resolution measurements which provides better situational awareness, those time-synchronized measurements have enabled the development of better controls and operations for power systems. This paper discusses the basics of PMUs and their applications, mainly state estimation. The paper also presents a Kalman filter approach for state estimation. The NE 39-bus system is used under different circumstances to show the accuracy and robustness of the Kalman filter approach.
Invasive dreissenid mussels benefit invasive crayfish but not native crayfish in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Invasive ecosystem engineers, such as dreissenid mussels, may facilitate subsequent invaders. Despite their potential ecological importance, interactions between dreissenid mussels and crayfish in the Laurentian Great Lakes have received little research attention. Invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) have recently spread within the Great Lakes, and we hypothesized that food resources provided by invasive dreissenid mussels may have enhanced this spread. Dreissenid mussels may also benefit native crayfish such as the virile crayfish (O. virilis), but the distribution of virile species has not increased in the Great Lakes in recent years. We tested the interactive effects of dreissenid mussels and crayfish density on the growth, survival and activity of sympatric rusty and virile crayfish using a mesocosm experiment. We found that dreissenid mussels increased growth and activity of rusty crayfish while high crayfish densities negatively affected rusty crayfish growth. Dreissenid mussels did not affect growth or activity of virile crayfish, but high crayfish densities negatively affected their survival. The different responses of rusty and virile crayfish to mussels may be due to a greater ability of invasive crayfish to exploit mussel-associated food resources and/or to behavioral interactions between these species in sympatry. Our results suggest that dreissenid mussels may facilitate the establishment, spread, and potential impacts of invasive crayfish where these taxa co-occur.
Perforated Goblet Cell Carcinoid Tumors of the Appendix: Navigating the Management Conundrum

Appendix is the most common site of occurrence for a goblet cell carcinoid tumor. A diagnosis of an appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid is made in retrospect the majority of the time. These tumors are best treated with a right hemicolectomy and adjuvant therapies tailored according to the presence or absence of residual disease. Presentation as a perforated appendix is seen in 16% of these tumors. The natural history and the ideal management strategy in such a scenario are not well described. In those with peritoneal spread cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) offers the best disease-free and progression-free survival. Close follow-up with cross-sectional imaging helps in identifying recurrences at the earliest. Multimodality management involving patient participation in every aspect of care accomplishes high-value care in the treatment of these tumors.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity

Gonadal hormones play a key role in the establishment, activation, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. By influencing the response and sensitivity to releasing factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones, gonadal steroids help orchestrate the gain of the HPA axis to fine-tune the levels of stress hormones in the general circulation. From early life to adulthood, gonadal steroids can differentially affect the HPA axis, resulting in sex differences in the responsivity of this axis. The HPA axis influences many physiological functions making an organism's response to changes in the environment appropriate for its reproductive status. Although the acute HPA response to stressors is a beneficial response, constant activation of this circuitry by chronic or traumatic stressful episodes may lead to a dysregulation of the HPA axis and cause pathology. Compared to males, female mice and rats show a more robust HPA axis response, as a result of circulating estradiol levels which elevate stress hormone levels during non-threatening situations, and during and after stressors. Fluctuating levels of gonadal steroids in females across the estrous cycle are a major factor contributing to sex differences in the robustness of HPA activity in females compared to males. Moreover, gonadal steroids may also contribute to epigenetic and organizational influences on the HPA axis even before puberty. Correspondingly, crosstalk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and HPA axes could lead to abnormalities of stress responses. In humans, a dysregulated stress response is one of the most common symptoms seen across many neuropsychiatric disorders, and as a result, such interactions may exacerbate peripheral pathologies. In this review, we discuss the HPA and HPG axes and review how gonadal steroids interact with the HPA axis to regulate the stress circuitry during all stages in life.
The Association for Academic Surgery 2011-present: standing on the shoulders of giants

Abstract The Association for Academic Surgery (AAS), which is a society dedicated to inspiring and developing young academic surgeons, recently celebrated its 50th anniversary. Each decade since its inception has seen incredible growth. This most recent decade, from 2011 to present, has been characterized by: (1) reevaluation and clarification of the society's vision, mission, core values and organizational structure; (2) diversification of the membership and leadership; (3) support for international outreach and global surgery research; (4) expansion of its impact through social media; and (5) adaptability to a changing political climate.
The expansion of non-operating room anesthesia services

Abstract The demand for non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) cases has been increasing over the past decade. Although operating room (OR) management literature has been well developed, the application of OR efficiency metrics to NORA has not been validated. Applying these metrics to NORA cases and analyzing the differences between OR cases may serve as the first step into understanding how to improve clinical productivity and efficiency of NORA workflows. In order to identify potential factors for these differences, this review looks at NORA distances, first case start delays/tardiness, equipment, and physician/scheduling efficiency. Anesthesiology groups, health care providers, and hospitalists will need to consider the strategic, operational, and tactical decisions involved in the management of NORA to appreciate this growing field.
Randomized, controlled, prospective clinical trial of autologous greater omentum free graft versus autogenous cancellous bone graft in radial and ulnar fractures in miniature breed dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of radiographic healing, complications, vascularization, and bone density after repair of radial and ulnar fractures in dogs <6 kg that were treated with an autogenous cancellous bone graft (BG) or free autologous omentum graft (OG). STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with owners/radiologists blinded to treatment. ANIMALS 25 dogs with naturally occurring traumatic radial/ulnar fractures. METHODS Fractures underwent plate fixation with OG or BG. Power Doppler ultrasonographic, computed tomographic (CT), and radiographic examinations of the affected antebrachium were performed preoperatively and every 3 weeks postoperatively until healed. Pressure-sensitive walkway gait analysis and owner and veterinarian assessments were obtained preoperatively (0 weeks) and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS Owner/veterinarian assessments improved postoperatively but did not differ significantly between groups. The improvement in peak vertical force/vertical impulse was greater in dogs with OG than in those with BG, beginning 3 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic healing occurred earlier in bones treated with OG (median, 9 weeks) than in those treated with BG (12 weeks). Cortical bone density derived from CT of the distal ulna was higher in bones with BG compared with bones with OG. Signal intensity and the number of vessels in the fracture callus declined over time in both groups, according to results of ultrasonography. However, bones retained more vessels and greater signal intensity when treated with OG compared with treatment with BG, according to multiple views at 6 and 9 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION Omental grafting was not associated with major complications, and it accelerated bone healing and return to weight bearing in dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Omental grafting should be considered as an adjunct to stabilization of antebrachial fractures in toy and small breed dogs.
Hydrogen-Bonding-Driven 3D Supramolecular Assembly of Peptidomimetic Zipper

Hydrogen-bonding-driven three-dimensional (3D) assembly of a peptidomimetic zipper has been established for the first time by using an α/AApeptide zipper that assembles into a de novo lattice arrangement through two layers of hydrogen-bonded linker-directed interactions. Via a covalently bridged 1D 413-helix, drastic enhancement in stability has been achieved in the formed 3D crystalline supramolecular architecture as evidenced by gas-sorption studies. As the first example of an unnatural peptidic zipper, the dimensional augmentation of the zipper differs from metal-coordinated strategies, and may have general implications for the preparation of peptidic functional materials for a variety of future applications.
Integrating Optimal Screening, Intervention, and Referral for Postpartum Depression in Adolescents

According to the World Health Organization, 10% to 13% of postpartum women develop a mental disorder, mainly depression. This number is higher in developing countries. This percentage increases in adolescents and symptoms in adolescents tend to be overlooked. These disorders can be treated successfully if detected early, which will in turn prevent more severe symptoms from developing. This article provides evidence-based clinical best practices for the assessment and early recognition of postpartum depression, specifically in adolescents. In addition, suggestions for integration into practice and recommendations for interprofessional collaboration are discussed.
Rapid development of speech translation using consecutive interpretation.

The development of a speech translation (ST) system is costly, largely because it is expensive to collect parallel data. A new language pair is typically only considered in the aftermath of an international crisis that incurs a major need of crosslingual communication. Urgency justifies the deployment of interpreters while data is being collected. In recent work, we have shown that audio recordings of interpreter-mediated communication can present a low-cost data resource for the rapid development of automatic text and speech translation. However, our previous experiments remain limited to English/Spanish simultaneous interpretation. In this work, we examine our approaches for exploiting interpretation audio as translation model training data in the context of English/Pashto consecutive interpretation. We show that our previously made findings remain valid, despite the more complex language pair and the additional challenges introduced by the strong resource-limitations of Pashto.
Ozone Transport in the Southern Hemisphere

We discuss the mechanism of tracer transport in the stratosphere, with emphasis on the effect of transport on ozone concentration in the Southern Hemisphere.
General Postionization of Sputtered and Desorbed Species by Intense Untuned Radiation

Since HONIG [1] first used electron bombardment ionization to examine the neutral material sputtered from a sample, there has been a general realization that detection of sputtered neutrals could and should be performed. Although the convenience of detecting sputtered or desorbed secondary ions led to a much more intense development of secondary ion detection techniques, the motivation for examining the neutrals is more than just the fundamental interest in the emission process and its ion-to-neutral branching ratios. A prime practical motivation is the difficulty in quantifying the secondary ion yields in SIMS and laser desorption mass spectrometry. Since the neutrals are generally the major component of the sputtered or desorbed material, their intensities are much less dependent on matrix effects that can vary the ionization fraction over a wide range.
Raman Spectroscopy of Oxides of GaAs Formed in Solution

Electrochemical treatment of crystalline GaAs in 1 M HCl results in the formationof porous GaAs. As a by-product of the electrochemical dissolution process,small transparent crystals may grow on the porous GaAs skeleton under certainchemical conditions. These surface crystalline deposits have been investigatedby Raman scattering spectroscopy. From surface chemical analysis and byreference to the Raman spectra of appropriate chemical compounds, it was determinedthat the crystallites comprise As2O3 and Ga2O3.Their Raman spectra and that of As2O5 · xH2Oare presented here for the first time in detail.
Variable glyceryl dinitrate formation following infusions of glyceryl trinitrate at different vascular sites in the rat.

The availability of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and the differential formation of dinitrate metabolites (GDNs) in various organs as a function of routes of administration were investigated in the rat. GTN was infused at 2.0 µg/min via the left femoral vein (LFV), left external jugular vein (LJV), left femoral artery (LFA), and hepatic portal vein (HPV). Blood concentrations of GTN and GDNs were measured in femoral arterial samples. Different infusions yielded GTN steady-state concentrations in the following rank order: LJV ≥ LFV > LFA ≥ HPV. Furthermore, the GDN formation ratios (1,2-GDN/1,3-GDN) are different: LFV ≥ LJV > LFA > HPV. The availabilities of GTN through the leg, vein, and liver were derived. GTN is significantly extracted and metabolized in these organs, and the leg and the vein prefer 1,2-GDN formation, while the liver forms 1,3-GDN predominantly.
Amine functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals for acid–base organocatalysis: surface chemistry, cross-linking, and solvent effects

Sulfuric acid-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are investigated as an alternative support for bifunctional heterogeneous organocatalyst materials. CNC catalysts are developed through direct surface functionalization by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and subsequent EDC amide coupling with alkyl diamines, used to impart both acid and base character to CNC surfaces. Sulfate ester content is controlled by partial acid hydrolysis prior to chemical functionalization, optionally reducing the initial sulfur content by approximately 50%. The resultant acidic and basic catalytic moieties are analyzed qualitatively by FT-IR spectroscopy and quantitatively by conductometric titration and elemental analysis. Relatively high degrees of substitution with amine functionality are achieved with diamine loadings around 0.9 mmol/g. This synthesis partially cross-links the CNCs, the extent of which is analyzed by dynamic light scattering of materials functionalized with 2–6 carbon spacer alkyl diamines. These CNC materials are demonstrated to be effective acid–base catalysts for an aldol condensation test reaction in batch liquid phase kinetic experiments. Relatively slow reaction rates were achieved in water:acetone reaction mixtures, in which decreased sulfate ester content is shown to decrease catalytic activity. Significant rate improvements are achieved by elimination of rate limiting transport and miscibility issues by solvent exchange to organic-only acetonitrile:acetone co-solvent reaction mixtures. Cross-linking and limited acid–base cooperativity are shown to decrease activity in CNCs functionalized with too long and too short diamines, respectively. This study demonstrates CNCs as alternative supports for bifunctional heterogeneous organocatalysis with site-specific activity on the order of that of well-studied aminosilica organocatalysts.
Conclusion: The Functions of the Frontera in the Late Ancient Imagination

In the conclusion, I tie together themes from Anzaldua’s Borderlands/La Frontera that I have argued are present in hagiographical literature. I show how these larger themes reimagine important literature in the history of Christianity. Hagiographies are themselves liminal texts—part biography, part panegyric, part history, part novel—and therefore aptly describe hybrid or borderland space. The hybridity of the space is reflected in the hybridity of the Christian saint articulated in this literature. As such, scholars must reconcile with prior understandings of the ancient desert—often described either as literary and constructed or as a very “real” space. Arguing for both spaces as real and imagined rearticulates Christian subjectivity and thus redefines how the authors of these works attempted to articulate saintliness.
LILRB4 expression in CMML and MDS based on response to hypomethylating agents.

e18550Background: Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is expressed on M4 and M5 monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and leads to negative regulation of immune cell activatio...
Medical complications after pancreas transplantation

Abstract This chapter focuses primarily on nonimmunologic, medical complications after pancreas transplantation that are specifically attributable to the pancreas graft. Excluded are therefore: (i) generic perioperative medical complications (e.g., adverse cardiac events), (ii) early postoperative surgical complications (see Chapter 21 ), (iii) acute and chronic pancreas graft rejection (see Chapter 22 ), (iv) autoimmune recurrence of Type 1 diabetes (see Chapter 24 ), (v) complications of immunosuppression (e.g., infection, lymphoproliferative disease) (see Chapter 19 ), and (vi) posttransplant sequelae of preexisting secondary diabetic complications (e.g., worsening of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, macro- and microvascular disease; see Chapter 23 ).
SECTION 3 – Existence Theorems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the aspects of ordinary differential equations including theorems on existence, uniqueness of solutions, and the continuity and differentiability of solutions with respect to a parameter. If y' =f(x,y) is a system of differential equations where f satisfies a Lipschitz condition in y for a < x < b and all y ∈ En, then the solution y = y(x) is defined for a < x < b. The solutions of differential equations are continuous or differentiable with respect to a parameter if the initial conditions and f have the similar property. The chapter proves the differentiability of the solution in a parameter for the case where the parameter enters in the initial conditions.
Talk Radio’s America: How an Industry Took over a Political Party That Took over the United States: Rosenwald, Brian. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2019, 368 pp., $19.49 (hardcover).

In many ways, Donald Trump and Rush Limbaugh resemble each other. The current president of the United States, and the nation’s most important talk radio host, are both talented broadcast performers...
AO Observations of Three Powerful Radio Galaxies

The host galaxies of powerful radio sources are ideal laboratories to study active galactic nuclei (AGN). The galaxies themselves are among the most massive systems in the universe, and are believed to harbor supermassive black holes (SMBH). If large galaxies are formed in a hierarchical way by multiple merger events, radio galaxies at low redshift represent the end-products of this process. However, it is not clear why some of these massive ellipticals have associated radio emission, while others do not. Both are thought to contain SMBHs, with masses proportional to the total luminous mass in the bulge. It either implies every SMBH has recurrent radio-loud phases, and the radio-quiet galaxies happen to be in the "low" state, or that the radio galaxy nuclei are physically different from radio-quiet ones, i.e. by having a more massive SMBH for a given bulge mass. Here we present the first results from our adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopy pilot program on three nearby powerful radio galaxies. Initiating a larger, more systematic AO survey of radio galaxies (preferentially with Laser Guide Star equipped AO systems) has the potential of furthering our understanding of the physical properties of radio sources, their triggering, and their subsequent evolution.
Tone Category Learning Should Serve Tone Word Learning: An Experiment of Integrating Pronunciation Teaching in the L2 Chinese Curriculum

Tones are the primary focus in teaching L2 Chinese pronunciation. Seemingly, less effort is made to integrate the tone category and tone word learning. The current study tested whether the use of (near) minimal pairs formed by monosyllabic and disyllabic words that the learners have previously learned can direct L2 Chinese learners’ attention to tonal contrast, thus, improve their tone production and memorization of the tone words. 66 beginner-level learners were assigned to a dictation only (traditional) group and a perception plus production training (experimental) group in which minimal and near-minimal pairs that included tonal contrasts were used as training stimuli. Both groups recorded the target words in a pretest, an immediately administered posttest, and a delayed posttest. Using native speakers’ comprehensibility judgment as assessment, we found that the experimental group had better comprehensibility than the traditional group in the immediate and delayed posttests. The comprehensibility ratings seemed to vary across words. Participants also had two dictations in the pretest and delayed posttest respectively. The words used in the recording tasks had a significantly higher dictation score than those not used in the recording tasks in the posttest. The pedagogical significance of these findings is discussed.
Nonuniform Proton Transfer and Strong Hydrogen Bonding within Cation, Anion, and Neutral Clusters of Ammonia and Hydrogen Fluoride.

Structural studies of ammonium halide nanoparticles can help to reveal fundamental information about the detailed nature of intermolecular forces. This study focuses on small ammonium fluoride clus...
0060 Social support, marginalization, and teen dating violence among New Mexico youth

Statement of purpose This study uses data from the 2015 New Mexico Youth Risk Behavior Survey to determine whether perceived support is associated with lower prevalence of teen dating violence among marginalized youths. Methods/Approach I conducted hierarchical linear regression to predict the effect of social support in three domains (at home, at school, and in community) on teen dating violence when controlling for the effects of marginalized identity, including sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, parent education, physical disability, nativity and homelessness. Results Marginalized identities predicted higher prevalence of dating violence, with girls, homeless students, students with disabilities or long-term health problems, students born outside the U.S.A. and LGB students and those unsure of their sexual orientation experiencing more dating violence than their peers. When evaluated independently, social support at home, at school, and in the community each significantly predicted lower prevalence of teen dating violence. In multi-variable modeling, however, only home support and community support remained significantly predictive of less dating violence when controlling for marginalized identities. Conclusion Social support in this study accounted for a small amount of the total variability in teen dating violence, while marginalization explained much more. Even so, these findings suggest that positive relationships with adults at home and in the community may help to protect marginalized young people from dating violence victimization.
Do readmissions and reoperations adversely affect patient-reported outcomes following complex adult spinal deformity surgery at a minimum 2 years postoperative?

Unplanned readmissions and reoperations are known to be associated with undesirable costs and potentially inferior outcomes in complex adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. A paucity of literature exists on the impact of readmissions/reoperations on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in this population. Consecutively treated adult patients who underwent complex ASD surgery at a single institution from 2015–2018 and minimum 2-year follow-up were studied. Demographics/comorbidities, operative factors, inpatient complications, and postoperative clinical and patient-reported outcomes (SRS-22r, ODI) were assessed for those with and without readmission/reoperation. 175 patients (72% female, mean age 52.6 ± 16.4) were included. Mean total instrumented/fused levels was 13.3 ± 4.1, range 6–25. The readmission and reoperation rates were 16.6% and 12%, respectively. The two most common causes of reoperation were pseudarthrosis (5.1%) and PJK (4.0%). Predictors for readmission within 2 years following surgery included pulmonary, cardiac, depression and gastrointestinal comorbidities, along with performance of a VCR, and TLIF. At 2 years postoperatively, those who required a readmission/reoperation had significant increases in SRS and reductions in ODI compared to 1-year and preoperative values. Inpatient complications did not negatively impact 2-year PRO’s. The 2-year MCID in PROs was not significantly different between those with and without readmission/reoperation. Complex ASD surgery carries risk, but the vast majority can achieve MCID (SRS-86.4%, ODI-68.2%) in PROs by 2 years. Importantly, even those with inpatient complications and those who required unplanned readmission/reoperation can improve PROs by 2-year follow-up compared to preoperative baseline and 1-year follow-up and achieve similar improvements compared to those who did not require a readmission. III.
Randomized pilot study of a special education advocacy program for Latinx/minority parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study reports on a randomized controlled pilot intervention study examining the effectiveness and feasibility of a low-intensity (i.e. three sessions), low-cost, parent advocacy intervention. ...
A Systematic Review of Environmental Sustainability in Veterinary Practice

A transition toward environmentally conscious business practices is underway in many sectors. For healthcare, the topic is both concerning and tragically ironic as hospitals have substantial environmental footprints, which are now known to contribute to significant health problems that the system itself was designed to treat. The human medical field has been proactive in taking steps to reduce waste and carbon emissions by identifying best practices to minimize such impacts. Characterization of needs and gaps has been addressed through reviews of the literature regarding environmental sustainability in the context of human hospitals. Our objective was to replicate methods used in a recent review of environmental sustainability in human hospitals to summarize information available to clinical veterinarians. Two search algorithms were used across 8 databases, however only 3 peer-reviewed opinion articles specific to veterinary medicine were identified. These papers included 1 on anesthesia and 2 on production animals. Interestingly, all articles were written by United Kingdom-based authors and none were specific to companion animal practice, the largest sector in the veterinary industry in the United States. Results of this review highlight need for research and communication that supports veterinary clinics in adopting more environmentally sustainable practices. Proposed starting points informed from research in other sectors, including 5 physical themes of energy efficiency, water, waste, sustainable procurement, and transportation, and human behavior changes on the individual, group, and organizational levels, are discussed. Additional work is needed to support veterinarians and other animal health professionals to practice medicine in a way that upholds the veterinary profession's oath to promote the health of animals, the public, and the environment we all share.
Thematic Analysis of Challenges of Care Coordination for Underinsured and Uninsured Cancer Survivors With Chronic Conditions.

Importance Although a majority of underinsured and uninsured patients with cancer have multiple comorbidities, many lack consistent connections with a primary care team to manage chronic conditions during and after cancer treatment. This presents a major challenge to delivering high-quality comprehensive and coordinated care. Objective To describe challenges and opportunities for coordinating care in an integrated safety-net system for patients with both cancer and other chronic conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants This multimodal qualitative study was conducted from May 2016 to July 2019 at a county-funded, vertically integrated safety-net health system including ambulatory oncology, urgent care, primary care, and specialty care. Participants were 93 health system stakeholders (clinicians, leaders, clinical, and administrative staff) strategically and snowball sampled for semistructured interviews and observation during meetings and daily processes of care. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively using a grounded theory approach, followed by systematic thematic analysis to organize data, review, and interpret comprehensive findings. Data were analyzed from March 2019 to March 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Multilevel factors associated with experiences of coordinating care for patients with cancer and chronic conditions among oncology and primary care stakeholders. Results Among interviews and observation of 93 health system stakeholders, system-level factors identified as being associated with care coordination included challenges to accessing primary care, lack of communication between oncology and primary care clinicians, and leadership awareness of care coordination challenges. Clinician-level factors included unclear role delineation and lack of clinician knowledge and preparedness to manage the effects of cancer and chronic conditions. Conclusions and Relevance Primary care may play a critical role in delivering coordinated care for patients with cancer and chronic diseases. This study’s findings suggest a need for care delivery strategies that bridge oncology and primary care by enhancing communication, better delineating roles and responsibilities across care teams, and improving clinician knowledge and preparedness to care for patients with cancer and chronic conditions. Expanding timely access to primary care is also key, albeit challenging in resource-limited safety-net settings.