cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 54: Soluble FLT1 Gene Therapy Through Systemic Viral Delivery Reduces the Severity of Mouse Brain Arteriovenous Malformation

Background & Purpose: Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is a risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage. Current therapies are associated with high morbidities. We tested a minimally invasive gene therapy using an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV9) to intravenously (IV) deliver an anti-angiogenic agent, soluble FLT1 (sFLT1), to two bAVM mouse models. Method: Model 1 consists of SM22α Cre; Endoglin (Eng, a bAVM causative gene)-floxed mice, which have a 90% occurrence of spontaneous bAVM after 5 weeks and 50% mortality after 6 weeks. In Model 2, bAVM is induced in RosaCreER; Eng -floxed mice through tamoxifen-mediated Eng -deletion and AAV1-VEGF-induced brain angiogenesis. AAV9-sFLT1 or AAV9-GFP was IV injected to 4-week-old Model 1 mice, or Model 2 mice 8 weeks after model induction. Brain vasculature was analyzed 4 weeks later through vessel-casting and brain section staining with CD31 antibody. Potential toxicities were assessed by analyzing brain and liver histology, and measuring serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities as well as creatinine (CR) levels. Results: sFLT1-treatment increased Model 1 mice survival. BAVMs were detected in all GFP-treated, but only in 25% of sFLT1-treated mice. In Model 2, sFLT1 treatment reduced abnormal vessels. No neuronal death or lymphocyte was detected in the brain of sFLT1-treated mice. AAV9 treatment did not cause weight loss, or alter CR levels or ALP and ALT activities. Small clusters of inflammatory cells were detected in the liver of 58% of GFP- and 56% of sFLT1-treated mice. Conclusion: Systemic sFLT1 gene therapy reduces bAVM severity with minimal adverse effect. Future studies should consider restricting sFLT1 expression in the brain to reduce liver inflammation.
Religion and health in Europe: cultures, countries, context

Much of the research on the relationships between religious participation and health comes from the United States. Studies in other geographic regions or cultural contexts is more sparse. Evidence presented by Ahrenfelt et al., and that from other research studies, is reviewed concerning the associations between religion and health within Europe and world-wide. The evidence within Europe suggests protective associations between various forms of religious participation and lower depression, lower mortality, and better self-rated health. Methodological challenges in such research are reviewed, and discussion is given as to whether a person-culture-fit explanation suffices to account for the existing data and to what other mechanisms might be operative.
Gender and Intersectionality in Political Marketing

This chapter contributes an important yet overlooked aspect of gender and political marketing, which is intersectionality. The chapter starts with a theoretical understanding of intersectionality and its roots, as well as modern-day scholarship in marketing. Subsequently, an extended case analysis of Shirley Chisholm’s 1972 presidential bid helps provide an understanding of intersectionality in political marketing. Finally, the chapter focuses on four main aspects of intersectionality in political marketing, which are a) gender and race, b) ageism, c) fattism, and, d) sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression.
Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis of Gas Turbines and Air-breathing Propulsion Systems

Air-breathing propulsion systems include turbojet, turboprop, ducted fan, ramjet, ducted rocket, nuclear jet, pulse jet, and their many variations with intercooling, reheat, regeneration, afterburning, and water injection. These air-breathing propulsion systems can best be analyzed through thermodynamic cycle analysis. The fundamentals of thermodynamic cycle analysis were already described in detail in Chapter 1 through the various unit processes and through the two illustrative examples using the gas table. However, in order to provide clarity in certain special cases when such clarity is required, the application of the unit processes to such propulsion systems will be given here, although detailed procedures within each unit process will still be omitted (here readers should refer to Chapter 1).
Process Design for Environment Problems

Chemical process industries including petrochemicals, and plastics are major sources of hazardous wastes. Process simulation models and other design tools allow engineers to design, simulate, and optimize chemical processes. However, there is a critical need to incorporate more environmental considerations into the design of these processes. These environmental objectives have placed additional requirements on process data and models, as well as increased the need for sophisticated simulation technology to quantify the impact of pollution prevention options. Therefore, process design for environmental considerations calls for new methods and models to be incorporated in all phases of process engineering activities, ranging from conception to design to operation. This paper presents the integrated approach to process design for environmental considerations and analyzes the state-of-the-art methods and tools to address the problem of pollution prevention by design.
Lightweight Error Detection Architectures through Swapping the Shares for a Subset of S-boxes

Simple masking has been traditionally used (especially in software) to protect against passive side-channel attacks, i.e., power analysis attacks. Threshold implementation (TI), a variant of masking, has been proven to be effective for thwarting such attacks mounted on the hardware implementations of cryptographic primitives. It is also noted that because the S-boxes within cryptographic algorithms are non-linear, their protected implementations on different hardware platforms have been center of research attention. In this paper, we propose reliable and error detection architectures for 4-bit and a subset of 8-bit strong S-boxes through swapping the shares. The latter are either superior to the known constructions from a cryptographic perspective or outperform all known constructions in terms of efficiency in the application of the TI concept. In proposing such efficient structures, we make sure that error detection is not a burden to the lightweight architectures of the respective structures. The proposed schemes open new venues in investigating combined error detection for TI lightweight architectures and can be combined with the schemes which are based on error detection through TI concepts and shares for predictors.
The p-Value Requires Context, Not a Threshold

It is widely recognized by statisticians, though not as widely by other researchers, that the p-value cannot be interpreted in isolation, but rather must be considered in the context of certain fea...
Elevated Levels of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Lipids Including Prostaglandins and Endocannabinoids Are Present Throughout ABHD12 Knockout Brains: Novel Insights Into the Neurodegenerative Phenotype

Derived from arachidonic acid (AA), the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is a substrate for α/β hydrolase domain-12 (ABHD12). Loss-of-function mutations of ABHD12 are associated with the neurodegenerative disorder polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract (PHARC). ABHD12 knockout (KO) mice show PHARC-like behaviors in older adulthood. Here, we test the hypothesis that ABHD12 deletion age-dependently regulates bioactive lipids in the CNS. Lipidomics analysis of the brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, striatum and thalamus from male young (3-4 months) and older (7 months) adult ABHD12 KO and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice was performed on over 80 lipids via HPLC/MS/MS, including eCBs, lipoamines, 2-acyl glycerols, free fatty acids, and prostaglandins (PGs). Aging and ABHD12 deletion drove widespread changes in the CNS lipidome; however, the effects of ABHD12 deletion were similar between old and young mice, meaning that many alterations in the lipidome precede PHARC-like symptoms. AA-derived lipids were particularly sensitive to ABHD12 deletion. 2-AG increased in the striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, midbrain, and brainstem, whereas the eCB N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA) increased in all 8 brain regions, along with at least 2-PGs. Aging also had a widespread effect on the lipidome and more age-related changes in bioactive lipids were found in ABHD12 KO mice than WT suggesting that ABHD12 deletion exacerbates the effects of age. The most robust effects of aging (independent of genotype) across the CNS were decreases in N-acyl GABAs and N-acyl glycines. In conclusion, levels of bioactive lipids are dynamic throughout adulthood and deleting ABHD12 disrupts the wider lipidome, modulating multiple AA-derived lipids with potential consequences for neuropathology.
Cognitive Style as an Antecedent to Adaptiveness, Customer Orientation, and Self-Perceived Selling Performance

Data from 396 real estate salespeople offer structural model evidence of the antecedence of salesperson cognitive style (Jung, 1971) to adaptive selling behavior, and to sales orientation-customer orientation and self-perceived selling performance. Four hypotheses were supported: Salespeople who prefer information intake by intuiting (rather than sensing) and information processing/decision-making by thinking (rather than feeling) were found to be more likely to practice adaptive selling; the more adaptive selling was practiced, the greater customer orientation became; and the greater the customer orientation, the better the self-perceived selling performance. Implications exist for salesperson training, management, and motivation research.
A pathogenic role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in autoimmunity and chronic viral infection

Following the discovery of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and of their extraordinary ability to produce type I IFNs (IFN-I) in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation, it is assumed that their main function is to participate in the antiviral response. There is increasing evidence suggesting that pDCs and/or IFN-I can also have a detrimental role in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in the context of chronic viral infections and in cancers. Whether these cells should be targeted in patients and how much of their biology is connected to IFN-I production remains unclear and is discussed here.
Snapping, pinning, liking or texting: Investigating social media in higher education beyond Facebook

Abstract Commercial social media are being increasingly adopted in formal learning settings even though they have not been conceived specifically for education. Whereas highly popular social services like Facebook and Twitter have been thoroughly investigated for their benefits for teaching and learning in higher education, other social media platforms which have been gaining considerable attention among youth have been largely overlooked in scholarly literature. The purpose of this study is to fill that vacuum by analyzing whether and how social media platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat and WhatsApp have become an integral component of teaching and learning in higher education. A total of 46 studies are analyzed in terms of what pedagogical affordances of these four platforms they identify (e.g., mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise, widening of the context of learning) and the benefits for learning that the authors go on to investigate. Results show that although the use of WhatsApp is well documented in a plethora of studies, there is a dearth of research about Instagram, Pinterest and Snapchat. While more than half of the studies are carried out in the Middle East and Asian areas and investigate mostly benefits for second and foreign language learning, the overall geographical distribution of studies examining learning via social media reflects the preferences expressed for these services on the part of the general population. Moreover, it is found that the pedagogical affordances of social media are still only being partially implemented and that diverse social media exploit affordances to different degrees.
Minimal change disease associated with balsalazide therapy for ulcerative colitis

Introduction: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds have been used in the management of ulcerative colitis for decades. Nephrotoxicity has been previously described in patients treated with 5-ASA compounds and usually manifests as interstitial nephritis, however a few cases of nephrotic syndrome have been reported. Balsalazide is a pro-drug composed of 5-ASA linked to an inert carrier. Case Presentation: Here we report the case of a 74-year-old man with a history of ulcerative proctosigmoiditis treated with balsalazide who presented to our clinic with bilateral lower extremity edema three months after initiation of balsalazide. Laboratory workup showed nephrotic range proteinuria without an apparent secondary etiology. Given worsening proteinuria and renal function despite cessation of balsalazide, the patient underwent renal biopsy that revealed minimal change disease. High dose steroids were started and complete remission of proteinuria was achieved one month into therapy which was slowly tapered over the next five months. Eventual resolution of edema and return of creatinine back to patient’s baseline level was achieved. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of nephrotic syndrome manifesting soon after initiation of balsalazide therapy. Our work highlights the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion for nephrotoxicity when using balsalazide.
The role of relationship proximity to witnessed community violence and youth outcomes.

Aims This study examines whether the relational proximity to the victim or perpetrator of witnessed community violence is associated with youth symptoms. Methods Data come from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, a national high-risk sample. The sample included 12-year-old youth (N = 720) who had witnessed violence in their lifetimes. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions tested whether relationship proximity differentiated youth functioning (social competency, withdrawal, anxiety/depression, delinquency, and aggression), and whether gender moderated these effects. Results Witnessing violence toward a parent was associated with greater withdrawal, delinquency, and aggression symptoms. Witnessing violence perpetrated by a stranger was associated with lower social competency, higher anxiety/depression, and higher delinquency. Two perpetrator associations differed by gender. Conclusion Findings suggest important differences in outcomes based on relational proximity to victims and perpetrators. The particularly widespread associations between witnessing violence against a parent and youth functioning underscore the importance of targeting interventions toward youth with parent victims.
Is globalization linked to low corruption in OECD countries

The current study examines the combinational effects of globalization, wealth, democracy, political stability, and legal efficiency on the perception of state corruption within 34 members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD) countries. Seminal academic literature clearly shows that all these factors can influence corruption within nations and this study focuses on the pathways through which globalization is mediated by unique combinations of other factors that work in tandem through the use of Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The analysis of conditions reveals that a high level of globalization is neither sufficient nor necessary condition on its own for low corruption but combines with other conditions in distinct pathways to be sufficient for either high corruption or low corruption among the research cases. Other internal factors appear more clearly associated with corruption, with low legal efficiency as a necessary condition for high corruption, while high democracy and high legal efficiency serving as important necessary conditions for low corruption.”
Rorke’s Drift and Isandlwana

On 22 January 1879, two of the most iconic battles in modern imperial history took place only ten miles apart in a remote region of contemporary KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. British troops, colonia...
Assessing Burnout and Associated Risk Factors in Medical Students

Abstract Purpose Our study aims to build on existing literature by assessing factors that may be associated with an increased risk of burnout amongst medical students, particularly students of color. Methods Our cross-sectional survey included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and additional de novo questions. Surveys were administered electronically in June 2017 using a convenience sampling method. Results A total of 162 survey results were recorded. Of those, 159 completed demographic information with 43% of respondents being non-White, 64% women, 50% reported not having a mentor in medicine, 30% having an immediate family member in medicine, and 71% being concerned about the financial burden associated with medical school. Black students were more likely to be the first in their family to attend college, not have a physician family member, and have financial concerns. The average CBI burnout scores (n = 138) indicated that overall students are not experiencing burnout. However, nearly 50% of students experience personal, 42% work, and 12% client related burnout based on their individual scores. Women were significantly more likely to experience work related burnout (p = 0. 028) and had significantly higher personal burnout scores (p = 0.017). Additionally, Black students have significantly higher personal burnout scores (p = 0.013) compared to all other reported races. Conclusion Although factors assessed during this study showed no significant effect, the data trends suggest that both women and Black students experienced higher rates of burnout. Further discussion regarding solutions to burnout is required in order to intervene early on in training for those at highest risk.
Cruising in the Research Field: Queer, Feminist, and Cyber Autoethnography:

This essay is based on a cyber autoethnographic research I have conducted on Hornet, a geosocial networking application (GNA) created for gay and bisexual men, without establishing a clear-cut dist...
Multimedia based education on bowel preparation improves adenoma detection rate: Systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer worldwide. Studies have shown a strong association between screening colonoscopy and a reduced risk of death from colorectal cancers. The incidence of poor bowel preparation has been reported in up to 25% cases. We conducted a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of patient education using multimedia platforms on adenoma detection rate and adequacy of bowel preparation. METHODS Multiple databases were searched through May 2020 for studies that reported the efficacy of multimedia education (smartphone app and online audio-visual aids) in improving quality of bowel preparation and its effect on adenoma detection rate (ADR). Meta-analysis was performed to determine whether multimedia based patient education (MM) helps improve ADR and bowel preparation quality as compared to controls (CT). RESULTS We included 13 randomized controlled trials with a total of 3754 patients. Eight studies reported outcomes on ADR and 12 reported on adequacy of bowel preparation. Overall ADR was higher in patients receiving multimedia based education as compared to CT (risk ratio (RR) 1.25, confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.56, P = 0.04). A higher proportion of patients receiving multimedia based education achieved adequate bowel preparation (RR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.3, P = 0.001). In patients with mean age over 50 years, ADR was better in MM cohort as compared to controls (RR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.6, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Pre-colonoscopy patient education using multimedia based platforms seems to improve ADR and the adequacy of bowel preparation.
Genetics of Circulating Resistin Level, a Biomarker for Cardiovascular Diseases, Is Informed by Mendelian Randomization and the Unique Characteristics of African Genomes.

Background: Resistin, a protein linked with inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases, is one of few proteins for which genome-wide association studies consistently report variants within and near ...
Type-II t -J model in superconducting nickelate Nd 1 -x Sr x NiO 2

This article presents a new type of t-J model for the recently observed superconducting nickelate. In contrast to the conventional t-J model, the doped hole in the new model is spin one because of a large Hund's coupling. The authors develop a three-fermion parton theory to analyze this and observe both d-wave superconductor and a fractional Fermi liquid phases
A Complex Network Framework for Validated Assessments of Systems of Systems Robustness

The complexity of modern systems of systems (SoS) requires the ability to quickly and effectively evaluate robustness in architecture alternatives. This article presents a framework for rapid, quantitative comparisons of robustness in SoS architectures that leverages complex network methods for assessing robustness and design of experiments (DoE) techniques for validating their use in the scenario of interest. We consider both single-layer and multilayer network representations of SoS and focus on algebraic connectivity, inverse average path length, and largest connected component size as measures of robustness. Two case studies are used to illustrate our framework and assess its utility: a command, control, communications, computer, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) simulation and a multilayer message-passing network simulation. We find that most of the considered network metrics capture expected robustness trends, though their ability to capture these trends is often affected by the scenario of interest. These results demonstrate the potential value of complex network methods for lightweight analysis of robustness in SoS architecture alternatives, when appropriately supported by DoE methods for understanding their limitations.
New Time-Dependent Risk-Return Tradeoffs from CBI Certified Municipal Bonds

Forced to address human-induced climate change, the world has embarked on the transition to a low-carbon economy, requiring massive amounts of financing. Municipalities in the US have begun to issue bonds that are third-party certified and registered with the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) to attract funding for much-needed climate-related infrastructure. As this market is developing, borrowers and lenders are assessing the potential for new risk-return tradeoffs over time. Variations in the pricing of CBI certified municipal bonds with different terms to maturity likely depend on the extent to which climate-related projects are expected to be prioritized in fund allocations to correspond to increases in public attention to the dynamics of climate change. As the pricing of time-dependent climate-related risks progresses, the market for CBI certified bonds promises to become an efficient funding mechanism for communities grappling with climate risks while expanding the menu of risk-return choices for investors.
Incorporating domain knowledge into neural-guided search.

Many AutoML problems involve optimizing discrete objects under a black-box reward. Neural-guided search provides a flexible means of searching these combinatorial spaces using an autoregressive recurrent neural network. A major benefit of this approach is that builds up objects sequentially--this provides an opportunity to incorporate domain knowledge into the search by directly modifying the logits emitted during sampling. In this work, we formalize a framework for incorporating such in situ priors and constraints into neural-guided search, and provide sufficient conditions for enforcing constraints. We integrate several priors and constraints from existing works into this framework, propose several new ones, and demonstrate their efficacy in informing the task of symbolic regression.
Frequency bin quantum photonics

Entanglement and encoding in discrete frequency bins – essentially a quantum analogue of wavelength-division multiplexing – represents a relatively new degree of freedom for quantum information with photons. In this talk I discuss biphoton frequency combs, generated either by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) from on-chip microring resonators or by spectral filtering of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in second order nonlinear crystals. Potential advantages include generation of high dimensional units of quantum information (qudits), which can carry multiple qubits per photon, robust transmission over fiber, frequency parallelism and routing, and compatibility with on-chip implementations, as well as hyperentanglement with other photonic degrees, e.g., time-frequency hyperentanglement. Since the initial experiments less than two years ago, frequency bin quantum photonics has been advancing rapidly [1-8]. In this talk I will discuss a method using pulse shapers and phase modulators in order to mix different frequencies and perform two photon interference experiments for characterization of the frequency-bin entanglement. Similar components (pulse shapers and phase modulators) may be used to manipulate the frequency-encoded quantum states; this will be described in another talk by our collaborators at Oak Ridge National Labs. I will also discuss the use of time bins and frequency bins as independent degrees of freedom in a quantum encoding fashion to realize what we believe to be the first deterministic two qudit gates. Finally, I comment briefly on potential applications and on prospects for realization of integrated frequency bin quantum photonics.
Enzyme replacement reverses abnormal cerebrovascular responses in Fabry disease

Background Fabry disease is a lysosomal X-linked enzyme deficiency of α-galactosidase A associated with an increased mortality and morbidity due to renal failure, cardiac disease and early onset stroke.
Abstract MP89: Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes within the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study (MSIS): A Population-Based Study of Stroke in the Middle East

BACKGROUND: Incidence and case fatality rates of ischemic stroke subtypes are unknown in the Middle-East due to the lack of community-based incidence stroke studies in this region. AIM: To characterize ischemic stroke subtypes in a Middle Eastern population. Methods: MSIS is a community-based study, that prospectively ascertained all cases of stroke among the 450 229 inhabitants of Mashhad, Iran between 2006-2007. Within this population, we identified 560 cases of first-ever ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke subtypes were classified according to the modified-TOAST criteria. Incidence rates were age standardized to the European population. The primary outcome of interest was all cause mortality at 1-year follow-up. Results: The proportion of stroke subtypes were distributed as follows: 53% large-artery disease (LAD), 14% cardioembolic, 23% small vessel disease (SVD), 6% undetermined and 5% other. The incidence rates (per 100 000) were 157 for LAD, 34 for cardioembolism, 66 for SVD, 16 for undetermined and 7...
Approaches to solving the rigid receptor problem by identifying a minimal set of flexible residues during ligand docking.

Abstract Background: Using fixed receptor sites derived from high-resolution crystal structures in structure-based drug design does not properly account for ligand-induced enzyme conformational change and imparts a bias into the discovery and design of novel ligands. We sought to facilitate the design of improved drug leads by defining residues most likely to change conformation, and then defining a minimal manifold of possible conformations of a target site for drug design based on a small number of identified flexible residues. Results: The crystal structure of thymidylate synthase from an important pathogenic target Pneumocystis carinii (PcTS) bound to its substrate and the inhibitor, BW1843U89, is reported here and reveals a new conformation with respect to the structure of PcTS bound to substrate and the more conventional antifolate inhibitor, CB3717. We developed an algorithm for determining which residues provide ‘soft spots' in the protein, regions where conformational adaptation suggests possible modifications for a drug lead that may yield higher affinity. Remodeling the active site of thymidylate synthase with new conformations for only three residues that were identified with this algorithm yields scores for ligands that are compatible with experimental kinetic data. Conclusions: Based on the examination of many protein/ligand complexes, we develop an algorithm (SOFTSPOTS) for identifying regions of a protein target that are more likely to accommodate plastically to regions of a drug molecule. Using these indicators we develop a second algorithm (PLASTIC) that provides a minimal manifold of possible conformations of a protein target for drug design, reducing the bias in structure-based drug design imparted by structures of enzymes co-crystallized with inhibitors.
A Gang-Scheduling System for ASCI Blue-Pacific

The ASCI Blue-Pacific machines are large parallel systems comprised of thousands of processors. We are currently developing and testing a gangscheduling job control system for these machines that exploits space-and time-sharing in the presence of dedicated communication devices. Our initial experience with this system indicates that, though applications pay a small overhead, overall system performance as measured by average job queue and response times improves significantly. This gang-scheduling system is planned for deployment into production mode during 1999 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Estimating the robustness of discovered knowledge

This paper introduces a new measurement, robustness, to measure the quality of machine-discovered knowledge from real-world databases that change over time. A piece of knowledge is robust if it is unlikely to become inconsistent with new database states. Robustness is different from predictive accuracy in that by the latter, the system considers only the consistency of a rule with unseen data, while by the former, the consistency after deletions and updates of existing data is also considered. Combining robustness with other utility measurements, a system can make intelligent decisions in learning and maintenance of knowledge learned from changing databases. This paper defines robustness, then presents an estimation approach for the robustness of Horn-clause rules learned from a relational database. The estimation approach applies the Laplace law of succession, which can be efficiently computed. The estimation is based on database schemas and transaction logs. No domain-specific information is required. However, if it is available, the approach can exploit it.
Outdoor Leadership Training

(1978). Outdoor Leadership Training. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, Including Leisure Today, pp. 42-43.
Uncertainty and forecasting local health professional shortages

We used a utilization-based scenario-forecasting model to assess the evidence for current and future imbalances between health professional supply and demand in Memphis- Shelby County, Tennessee. The scenario-forecasting model, based on qualitative information collected from local health industry leaders, was shaped and limited by the types of current local area data available. This paper discusses methods that may prove useful to applied demographers making forecasts, given uncertain system change and poor data.
The historical origin of job ladders in the US canning industry and their effects on the gender division of labour

Studies of the emergence of internal job ladders have usually focused on capital intensive industries employing predominantly male workers. Work on the occupational crowding of women has generally looked at the gender-based occupational structure across industries. In the following case study of the American canning industry, the emergence of job ladders is studied in relation to the exclusion of women from these job ladders within a seasonal, labour-intensive industry. The emergence of job ladders and the consequent crowding out of women is presented within the dynamic context of a growing canned goods market, rapid firm entry, growth in firm size and the mechanis ation of production. We argue that mechanisation created both the need for and the opportunity to construct cannery job ladders as a training device and as a mechanism to generate internal reserves of replacement labour. Women were excluded from machine operative tasks through the effects of statistical discrimination reinforced by the opposition of in-place male workers and the hesitancy of the employers to unify the male and female segments of the cannery workforce through cross-gender job-promotion arrangements.1
Representation and the Text: Reframing the Narrative Voice

Representation and the Text: Reframing the Narrative Voice. William G. Tierney and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. 321 pp.
1H NMR Investigations of Triphenylporphyrin Metal Complexes and Electronic Interactions in Iron(III) Complexes of meso−meso-Linked 5,5‘-Bis(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin)

The 1H NMR spectra of iron(III) complexes of dimeric 5,5‘-bis(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) [(TrPPH2)2], 5,5‘-bis(10,15,20-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin) [(Tr(p-MeOP)PH2)2], and hybrid (TrPPH2)(Tr(...
Botulinum Toxin Urethral Sphincter Injection to Restore Bladder Emptying in a Woman With Multiple Sclerosis

We expand the clinical utility of botulinum toxin in the external urethral sphincter in a 31-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis and significant neurogenic bladder. Encouraging improvement without complications has been seen during more than two years' follow-up. (Int J MS Care. 2002; 4:70–72)
Seasonality of the northern hemisphere circumpolar vortex

In previous research, Rohli et al. (2005) identified long-term features of the northern hemispheric circumpolar vortex (NHCPV) in January. This research provides a seasonal analysis using December and February to augment the previously analyzed January data in representing winter, along with April, July, and October data to represent spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. A representative 500 hPa geopotential height contour was selected to delineate the NHCPV in each of the five months. The area, shape, and centroid of the monthly December, February, April, July, and October NHCPV are computed for 1959–2001 to supplement the previously identified January properties. These geometrical features of the NHCPV reveal relationships between hemispheric-scale circulation and temperature anomalies throughout the year. A circularity ratio (Rohli et al., 2005) is used to characterize the shape of the hemispheric-scale circulation. Results suggest that only October exhibit long-term trends in either area or circularity, with July being the most variable month in area and October being the most variable month in circularity. Centroids tend to be skewed toward the Pacific basin, except in spring, but few systematic temporal shifts in centroid position were noted for any month. The NHCPV is correlated with atmospheric teleconnection patterns in several months. For example, as was the case for January (Rohli et al., 2005), the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is associated with the area of the December, February, and April NHCPV, while in December the circularity is positively correlated to the AO Index. Also, the Pacific-North American index is correlated with the area of the December and February NHCPV and with the shape of the December and October NHCPV. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Price and return models

Abstract Return models (returns regressed on scaled earnings variables) are commonly preferred to price models (stock price regressed on earnings per share). We provide a framework for choosing between these models. An economically intuitive rationale suggests that price models are better specified in that the estimated slope coefficients from price models, but not return models, are unbiased. Our empirical results confirm that price models' earnings response coefficients are less biased. However, return models have less serious econometric problems than price models. In some research contexts the combined use of both price and return models may be useful.
Measuring user experience through future use and emotion

This work-in-progress shows a relationship between future use of technology and emotional experience and describes how this relationship can be used as a measurement of the user experience. We found a consistent relationship between future use of technology and emotional experience under different contextual scenarios in two studies of the interruptive notification user experience. Implications for research and future work are also discussed.
Adaptive Sinusoidal Disturbance Rejection in Linear Discrete- Time Systems— Part II: Experiments

The problem of adaptive noise cancellation in an acoustic duct is discussed. An adaptive controller design approach based on parametrizing the set of stabilizing controllers using the Youla parametrization and tuning the Youla parameter to achieve regulation was presented in a companion paper [3], Three controller adaptation algorithms are imple­ mented to solve the noise cancellation problem in an acoustic duct. The experimental results indicate a mixed performance for each of the adaptation algorithms, with good performances observed only in some frequency ranges. The discrepancy between the expected and the observed performances is attributed to unmodeled nonlinearities in the speakers.
Nature and origin of authigenic K-feldspar in Precambrian basement rocks of the North American midcontinent

Authigenic K-feldspar occurs in alteration profiles in uppermost Precambrian igneous and metamorphic basement rocks of the midcontinent. The K-feldspar is widespread and has been identified in six states. The profiles occur directly below the Cambrian-Precambrian unconformity and range from about <1 to 8 m in thickness. Authigenic K-feldspar occurs throughout the profile. The K-feldspar is monoclinic or triclinic by X-ray diffraction, of end-member composition, and may compose 63% of rock volume. Much of the K-feldspar formed by replacement of primary feldspar. A sample of wholly authigenic K-feldspar from altered basement in southern Illinois gives a K/Ar data of 549 {plus minus} 18 Ma (Early Cambrian). This data is in agreement with Early Cambrian Rb/Sr dates for potassic alteration of uppermost Precambrian basement in Ohio. Dated authigenic K-feldspars from both Ohio and Illinois give identical {delta}{sup 18}O values of 17.5, suggesting formation from a very similar fluid. Concordancy of both dates and {delta}{sup 18}O values suggests that the K-feldspar formed during an episode of potassic alteration during Early Cambrian time that affected much of midcontinent North America. The dates and {delta}{sup 18}O values for K-feldspar, when considered together, do not fit any of the hypotheses presented here.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced sFlt-1 and Oxidative Stress in Placental Villi through Its Metabolic Products CO and Bilirubin

One of the most prevalent complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder which is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and premature birth with no effective pharmacological intervention. While the underlying cause is unclear, it is believed that placental ischemia/hypoxia induces the release of factors into the maternal vasculature and lead to widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. Recently, HO-1 has been shown to downregulate two of these factors, reactive oxygen species and sFlt-1, and we have reported that HO-1 induction attenuates many of the pathological factors of placental ischemia experimentally. Here, we have examined the direct effect of HO-1 and its bioactive metabolites on hypoxia-induced changes in superoxide and sFlt-1 in placental vascular explants and showed that HO-1 and its metabolites attenuate the production of both factors in this system. These findings suggest that the HO-1 pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of preeclampsia.
Interpretation of net and excess adsorption isotherms in microporous adsorbents

Abstract Adsorption data are routinely reported as net or excess amounts adsorbed; although measuring techniques are nowadays well established, the interpretation and further use of these two measures is limited by the uncertainty on the estimated internal pore volume of the material and, accordingly, the volume (or density) of the adsorbed fluid. In this study, adsorption data are presented that have been measured with CO2 on 13X zeolite in both crystal and pellet forms at 50 °C and in the pressure range 0.02–14 MPa by using a magnetic suspension balance. The adsorbents’ structural parameters have been obtained through a combination of independent measuring techniques, including low-pressure adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry, and a methodology is presented where both net and excess adsorption isotherms are simultaneously evaluated through a graphical method. While providing additional insights on the meaning of these two different frameworks, the application of such an integrated approach allows for a more consistent interpretation of the obtained adsorption data. It is shown that for both materials the adsorption process is entirely controlled by the filling of the micropores and that the adsorbent’s volume is overestimated when helium is used as a probing gas. The statistical adsorption isotherm model proposed by Ruthven is applied to describe the measured adsorption isotherms and provides a much better fit than the Langmuir model. For both crystals and pellets, and over the whole pressure range, CO2 adsorbs as a dense liquid with density values starting from the critical density of the fluid and reaching ∼ 27 mol/L (i.e. 15 molecules/cage) at the highest pressure of the experiment.
Processing of endoplasmic reticulum luminal antigens associated with halothane hepatitis in rat hepatocytes

In this study we have investigated the mechanism of the processing of trifluoroacetylated liver microsomal protein antigens associated with halothane hepatitis to learn how the immune system might come in contact with these proteins to form antibodies directed against them. Rats were treated with halothane and parenchymal (PC) and non-parenchymal cells (NPC) were isolated 16 hours later. Immunoblotting of the cell lysates with antisera directed against the trifluoroacetyl hapten showed the presence of high levels of trifluoroacetylated proteins in parenchymal cells, whereas none of these proteins were detected in endothelial or Kupffer cells that were isolated by centrifugal elutriation. The half-lives of 100-, 82-, 80-, 63-, 59-, 58-, and 57-kd trifluoroacetylated and native carrier proteins of the trifluoroacetyl hapten in cultures of rat primary parenchymal cells were approximately 1 day. The turnovers of all of these trifluoroacetylated proteins, except for that of the trifluoroacetylated 100-kd protein, were inhibited by treatment of the cells with ammonium chloride, leupeptin, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride, or 3-methyladenine (3-MA). These results indicate that, in liver, the major source of the formation of trifluoroacetylated antigens associated with halothane hepatitis is the parenchymal cells. It appears that most of the trifluoroacetylated antigens and possibly the native carrier protein of the trifluoroacetyl haptens are transferred from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to an acidic compartment of PCs, where they are enzymatically degraded. The processing of the trifluoroacetylated proteins by this pathway may be a protective mechanism that prevents these covalently altered proteins from inducing an antibody response in most patients who are administered halothane.
Aero-Optic Distortion in Transonic and Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary Layers

A two-dimensional Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor is used to study aero-optic distortion in turbulent boundary layers at transonic and hypersonic speeds, with and without gas injection. The large-scale motions in the outer layer, of the order of the boundary-layer thickness in size, are shown to dominate the aero-optic distortion. Gas injection always reduced the Strehl ratio, with helium injection generally giving lower Strehl ratios than nitrogen injection. The large aperture approximation is shown to be accurate for a wide variety of aberrations regardless of Mach number and gas injection. A new scaling argument for the root-mean-square phase distortion is proposed that appears to collapse the data better than previous models.
Teaching Job Interviewing Skills With the Help of Television Shows

Because of its potential for humor and drama, job interviewing is frequently portrayed on television. This article discusses how scenes from popular television series such as Everybody Loves Raymond, Friends, and The Mary Tyler Moore Show can be used to teach effective job interview skills in business communication courses. Television episodes may be used to examine in detail topics commonly covered in textbook discussions of job interviewing, such as attire, behavior, and interview questions; they may also be used to explore topics not typically addressed, such as gender issues and involvement of family members. The use of appropriate television scenes can enhance the job interviewing unit by attracting the students’ attention and generating productive class discussion. The article also provides an overview of the relevant U.S. legality issues.
Too Many Cooks in the Foreign Policy Kitchen: Confused British Signaling and the Falklands War

Both Schelling’s pioneering work on signaling credibility and Fearon’s more recent work on this topic posit that democratic states should be able to more credibly threaten their opponents than nondemocratic states. Recent criticism of the democratic credibility thesis has highlighted shortcomings of the theory but has not offered a coherent theory explaining why democracies fail to signal clearly. Using the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War as a case study, this article introduces a new theory on governmental divisions to explain the role that failed British signaling played in the conflict. Divisions within Thatcher’s foreign policy group simultaneously signaled an inability to effectively negotiate and an unwillingness to credibly deter the Argentines.
Technical desiderata for the integration of genomic data with clinical decision support

Display Omitted Whole genome sequencing information will require clinical decision support (CDS).A desiderata is necessary to guide development of CDS for whole genome information.A panel of genome and CDS experts developed a desiderata with seven requirements.The proposed requirements were all found to be important by a community of experts. The ease with which whole genome sequence (WGS) information can be obtained is rapidly approaching the point where it can become useful for routine clinical care. However, significant barriers will inhibit widespread adoption unless clinicians are able to effectively integrate this information into patient care and decision-making. Electronic health records (EHR) and clinical decision support (CDS) systems may play a critical role in this integration. A previously published technical desiderata focused primarily on the integration of genomic data into the EHR. This manuscript extends the previous desiderata by specifically addressing needs related to the integration of genomic information with CDS. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a guiding set of technical desiderata for supporting the clinical use of WGS through CDS. A panel of domain experts in genomics and CDS developed a proposed set of seven additional requirements. These desiderata were reviewed by 63 experts in genomics and CDS through an online survey and refined based on the experts' comments. These additional desiderata provide important guiding principles for the technical development of CDS capabilities for the clinical use of WGS information.