cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polydispersity and backmixing effects in diffusion controlled mass transfer with irreversible chemical reaction: An analysis of liquid emulsion membrane processes

Abstract The effects of polydispersity and backmixing on diffusion-controlled mass transfer with irreversible chemical reaction in liquid emulsion membrane processes have been analysed in terms of the “Advancing Front” model. Separation-of-variables is used to decouple the drop size and axial dependence effects to reduce the problem to a numerically-manageable form. In column-type contactors, it is shown that for constant Sauter mean radius, polydispersity effects arise primarily through the changes in dispersed phase hold-up caused by the distribution in globule rise velocities. For constant hold-up, an increase in Sauter mean radius causes an increase in performance despite a lowered total interfacial area, which can be attributed to the non-linear interaction between the fractional utilization of the internal reagent, the diffusional resistance to transport, and bypassing and segregation phenomena associated with the larger globules. The nonlinear dependence of the transport processes on fractional utilization of internal reagent is also responsible for the development of characteristically convex, rather than concave, concentration profiles in countercurrent operations. Polydispersity effects are evident in batch and mixer-settler operations only at large residence times, although even then they are not significant.
Agro-Industrialization, Petrodollar Illusions and the Transformation of the Capitalist World Economy in the 1970s: The Latin American Experience

A transformation of world capitalism took place during the 1970s. Profitability decline in core countries was compounded by an increase in world oil prices connected to the rise of OPEC’s oil rent....
Subsampling quantile estimator majorization inequalities

Abstract A Lorenz partial order majorization inequality is obtained for the Kaigh—Lachenbruch (KL), Harrell—Davis (HD), and Kaigh—Cheng (KC) subsampling quantile estimators developed in Kaigh and Cheng (1991a,b). Bernstein polynomial approximation schemes yield continuous quantile function estimators which are also Lorenz ordered according to their respective inputs.
Genome analysis of several marine, magnetotactic bacterial strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

The genomic DNA of three strains of marine magnetotactic bacteria, including two facultatively anaerobic vibrios, strains MV-1 and MV-2, and the microaerophilic coccus, strain MC-1, was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Digestion of the genomic DNA of strain MV-1 by the restriction endonucleases AvrII, BamHI, HindIII, NheI, SalI, SfiI, SgfI, SgrAI, and XbaI resulted in a large number of fragments below 400 kb that were difficult to resolve by PFGE. Digestion of MV-1 DNA with NotI and RsrII resulted in no fragments. Treatment of genomic DNA of strains MV-1 and MV-2 with PacI, PmeI, and SpeI yielded a manageable number of fragments (ca. 20) that were relatively easily resolved with PFGE, while PacI and SpeI were effective for strain MC-1. There was no evidence for the presence of plasmids and linear chromosomes in any of the strains, and strains MV-1 and MV-2 appear to contain a single, circular chromosome. Genome sizes of strains MV-1, MV-2, and MC-1 were estimated to be between 3.6 and 3.9 Mb (mean ± SD; 3.7 ± 0.2), 3.3 and 3.7 Mb (3.6 ± 0.2), and 4.3 and 4.7 Mb (4.5 ± 0.3), respectively. The restriction fragment patterns of the vibrioid strains MV-1 and MV-2 were extremely similar, suggesting that the strains are closely related.
Total Synthesis of Kopsinine

The use of a powerful intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of an 1,3,4-oxadiazole in the divergent total synthesis of kopsinine (1), featuring an additional unique SmI2-promoted transannular cyclization reaction for formation of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane central to its hexacyclic ring system, is detailed.
Feedback decoupling of rotational disturbances for spherically constrained systems

In this paper, the problem of decoupling rotational disturbances, using (nonlinear) state feedback, from the output of a scalar system evolving on a sphere is posed and solved. The techniques employed require a further development of the emerging nonlinear generalization of the linear geometric control theory, pioneered by Basile-Marro and by Wonham-Morse. The existing nonlinear results concentrate on local issues and are valid under hypotheses requiring sufficient regularity in the problem data. The novel developments contained in this paper are required by the presence of local singularities in the problem data and by the global nature of the problem. Perhaps surprisingly, after a "resolution of singularities" of the appropriate foliations, the local singular problem is shown to be equivalent to a global nonsingular problem. These global problems are then solved using standard methods from algebraic and differential topology.
Simple mixed sensitivity optimal controllers

Abstract We consider the problem of determining whether frequency domain properties of a nominal system, specified by a fixed plant G and a given controller K 0 , can be improved by performing weighted mixed sensitivity H ∞ -optimization. The weighting functions for the mixed sensitivity problem are specified in terms of G and K 0 ; both assumed to be single-input, single-output, linear, and time-invariant. We show, by way of an inverse problem, that for a large class of plant/controller pairs, the nominal controller K 0 is optimal in that its sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions can not simultaneously be improved upon by H ∞ -optimization.
Growth volatility and the interaction between economic and political development

Research on the effect of democracy on economic growth has not reached a definitive conclusion. Yet, research on the effect of democracy on economic growth volatility has consistently found that higher levels of democracy reduce volatility. Similarly, research has found that higher levels of economic development retard volatility. Using a novel empirical approach, this article presents evidence of an interactive effect between higher levels of democratization and economic development on growth volatility. Specifically, the marginal effect of political development on volatility is negative until countries reach per capita income levels of about $2,700, depending on the conditioning set. The marginal effect is insignificant for countries with higher levels of income. This implies that at a minimum, nearly 50% of the countries in our sample could enjoy less volatile economies with greater political development.
CD4+ T cells are sufficient to elicit allograft rejection and major histocompatibility complex class I molecule is required to induce recurrent autoimmune diabetes after pancreas transplantation in mice.

Background. We characterized the role of T cell subsets and major histocompatibility complex molecules in allograft rejection and recurrence of autoimmune diabetes. Methods. Adoptive cell transfer and vascularized segmental pancreas transplantation were performed in mice. Results. In an alloimmune response model, transfer of nondiabetic CD4 + , but not CD8 + T cells, elicited pancreas allograft rejection in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic NOD/scid mice. Pancreas allografts were acutely rejected in STZ-induced diabetic NOD/β2m -/- mice (confirmed the absence of major histocompatibility complex [MHC] \class I and CD8 + T cells) and permanently accepted in NOD/CIIT -/- mice (confirmed the absence of MHC class II and CD4 + T cells). The results suggest that rejection of pancreas allograft is CD4-dependent and MHC class I-independent. In the autoimmune diabetes model, whole spleen cells obtained from diabetic NOD mice induced autoimmune diabetes in NOD/scid and NOD/CIIT -/- mice, but the onset ofdiabetes was delayed in NOD/β2m -/- mice. However, the purified diabetic T cells failed to elicit autoimmune diabetes in NOD/β2m -/- mice. NOD/scid and NOD/CIIT -/- pancreas grafts were acutely destroyed whereas four of six NoD/β2m -/- pancreas grafts were permanently accepted in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice. Conclusion. CD4 + T cells are sufficient for the induction of allograft rejection, and MHC class I molecule is required to induce recurrent autoimmune diabetes after pancreas transplantation in mice.
Modeling Ignition of Catalytic Reactors with Detailed Surface Kinetics and Transport: Oxidation of H2/Air Mixtures over Platinum Surfaces

The catalytic ignition of H2/air mixtures over platinum is modeled using a stagnation-point flow model with detailed gas-phase, surface kinetics and transport using an arc-length continuation technique. Self-inhibition of the catalytic ignition of H2/air mixtures is observed in agreement with experiments. For compositions between ∼0.3 and ∼15% H2 in air at atmospheric pressure, hysteresis is created by site competition, while for mixtures with more than ∼15% H2 in air, thermal feedback is a prerequisite. It is found that the system shifts from a kinetics-limited regime on the extinguished branch to a transport-limited regime on the ignited branch. However, near ignition, the system tends toward a transport- and kinetics-limited regime. Sensitivity analysis on the reaction preexponentials shows that the competitive dissociative adsorption of H2 and O2 and the desorption of H* most affect the catalytic ignition temperature. Reaction path analysis reveals a change in dominant surface reaction paths as a func...
Driver adaptive and context aware active safety systems using CAN-bus signals

Increasing stress levels in drivers, along with their ability to multi task with infotainment systems cause the drivers to deviate their attention from the primary task of driving. With the rapid advancements in technology, along with the development of infotainment systems, much emphasis is being given to occupant safety. Modern vehicles are equipped with many sensors and ECUs (Embedded Control Units) and CAN-bus (Controller Area Network) plays a significant role in handling the entire communication between the sensors, ECUs and actuators. Most of the mechanical links are replaced by intelligent processing units (ECU) which take in signals from the sensors and provide measurements for proper functioning of engine and vehicle functionalities along with several active safety systems such as ABS (Anti-lock Brake System) and ESP (Electronic Stability program). Current active safety systems utilize the vehicle dynamics (using signals on CAN-bus) but are unaware of context and driver status, and do not adapt to the changing mental and physical conditions of the driver. The traditional engine and active safety systems use a very small time window (t<2sec) of the CAN-bus to operate. On the contrary, the implementation of driver adaptive and context aware systems require longer time windows and different methods for analysis. The long-term history and trends in the CAN-bus signals contain important information on driving patterns and driver characteristics. In this paper, a summary of systems that can be built on this type of analysis is presented. The CAN-bus signals are acquired and analyzed to recognize driving sub-tasks, maneuvers and routes. Driver inattention is assessed and an overall system which acquires, analyses and warns the driver in real-time while the driver is driving the car is presented showing that an optimal human-machine cooperative system can be designed to achieve improved overall safety.
Measurement of Young’s Modulus of Polyacrylamide Gel by Digital Holography

A convenient technique is introduced for measuring the Young’s modulus of soft material (polyacrylamide gel) for cellular adhesion with the principles of digital holography.
Membrane Topology and Cell Surface Targeting of Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE TOPOLOGICAL ORIENTATIONS

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) is a bifunctional membrane protein that plays a central role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and in the hepatocyte uptake of bile acids. Numerous studies have established that this protein is expressed both in the endoplasmic reticulum and at the sinusoidal plasma membrane. Preliminary evidence has suggested that mEH is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane with two distinct topological orientations. To further characterize the membrane topology and targeting of this protein, an N-glycosylation site was engineered into mEH to serve as a topological probe for the elucidation of the cellular location of mEH domains. The cDNAs for mEH and this mEH derivative (mEHg) were then expressed in vitro and in COS-7 cells. Analysis of total expressed protein in these systems indicated that mEHg was largely unglycosylated, suggesting that expression in the ER was primarily of a type I orientation (Ccyt/Nexo). However, analysis, by biotin/avidin labeling procedures, of mEHg expressed at the surface of transfected COS-7 cells, showed it to be fully glycosylated, indicating that the topological form targeted to this site originally had a type II orientation (Cexo/Ncyt) in the ER. The surface expression of mEH was also confirmed by confocal fluorescence scanning microscopy. The sensitivity of mEH topology to the charge at the N-terminal domain was demonstrated by altering the net charge over a range of 0 to +3. The introduction of one positive charge led to a significant inversion in mEH topology based on glycosylation site analysis. A truncated form of mEH lacking the N-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain was also detected on the extracellular surface of transfected COS-7 cells, demonstrating the existence of at least one additional transmembrane segment. These results suggest that mEH may be integrated into the membrane with multiple transmembrane domains and is inserted into the ER membrane with two topological orientations, one of which is targeted to the plasma membrane where it mediates bile acid transport.
Promoting clean energy investment: : An empirical analysis of property assessed clean energy

Abstract From 2008 to 2010 a handful of Property-Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs offered property-secured loans to homeowners for residential clean energy investments. This analysis uses difference-in-differences models and synthetic counterfactual models to estimate the effect of three California PACE programs on residential photovoltaic installations. While PACE programs do not offer superior terms to other solar financing options, we find that PACE financing increases solar installations by approximately 3.8 watts per owner-occupied household per quarter, a 108% increase over the mean watts per owner-occupied household.
Red Flags in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain and Crohn's Disease–A Single Center Experience

Objective To compare history and symptoms at initial presentation of patients with chronic abdominal pain (CAP) and Crohn's disease (CD). Red flags are used to help determine which patients with CAP are likely to have an underlying disease such as CD. However, red flags have not been validated and pediatric studies are lacking. Study design Patients seen in the outpatient Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between 2005 and 2008 prospectively completed a demographic, history, and symptom questionnaire. Patients with abdominal pain for at least 1 month and no evidence of organic disease were compared with patients diagnosed with CD confirmed by mucosal biopsies. Results Data were collected on 606 patients (128 with CD and 478 with functional gastrointestinal disorders). Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders had more stressors ( P P P Conclusion The presence of anemia, hematochezia, and weight loss help identify patients with CAP who require further work-up and referral to a pediatric gastroenterologist. Furthermore, waking from sleep or joint pain occurred similarly between groups and should not be considered as "red flags."
Measurement of the spatial phase shift in high-gain photorefractive materials.

The correct determination of the spatial phase shift ϕp in photorefractive materials is crucial to the proper characterization of novel materials. It is shown that the grating translation techniques commonly used for the measurement of ϕp need to be reevaluated for high-gain materials. Strong energy and phase coupling leads to nonuniform slanted gratings, which result in an apparent dependence of the phase shift of the beam ratio and the optical polarization. A revised theory is presented, and analytical solutions are obtained for the special case of ϕp≅π/2. Numerical solutions for arbitrary ϕp are in good agreement with measurements in a photorefractive polymer.
A magnetic field based compliance matching sensor for high resolution, high compliance tactile sensing

A description is given of a general approach for producing high-resolution tactile sensors that are highly compliant. The approach is based on the idea of compliance matching, wherein the high compliance of the contacting element is matched to the low compliance of the sensing element. A prototype tactile sensor is proposed which uses magnetic fields as the matching medium. The author details the design of an important component of this device, 64*64 element array of magnetic field sensors. >
Integrating to learn and learning to integrate: A case study of an online master's program on science–mathematics integration for middle school teachers

Abstract iSMART (Integration of Science, Mathematics, and Reflective Teaching) Program is an online science and mathematics integrated graduate program for middle school teachers across the state of Texas. As part of a large design-based research project, this paper describes the initial stages of the design process of the iSMART program for its first cohort in the fall of 2010 with a focus on program development. The paper begins with our theoretical perspective and rationale for our use of design-based research methodology. We then provide a review of literature on the integration of science and mathematics and the design of online learning environments. Next, we report on the decisions made by science and mathematics teacher educators in the early process of iSMART design as well as the online design components. Finally, we provide our plan for the continuous implementation and redesign of the program with the first cohort of 25 iSMART teachers.
Differences in women presenting in latent and active phase of labor

PHASE OF LABOR JENNIFER BAILIT, LEROY DIERKER, BRIAN MERCER, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Cleveland, OH OBJECTIVE: Women presenting in latent phase are at increased risk for Cesarean (CD) than those presenting in active phase. We sought to evaluate patient, labor, management and outcome differences between those presenting in latent phase and active phase. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated all low-risk singleton, term women with vertex presentations, presenting in active phase (AP: contractions with or without ROM > = 4 cm) or latent phase (LP: contractions with or without ROM <4 cm or ROM only) delivering at MetroHealth Medical Center between January 1993 and June 2001. Women with a prior CD, or contraindication to labor or vaginal delivery were excluded, as were those with medical/obstetric complications or substance abuse. AP and LP gravidas were compared for baseline characteristics. Labor outcomes were assessed by logistic regression, controlling for parity. P < 0.01 considered significant. OR = Odds ratio. RESULTS: 11,176 of 25,998 singleton gestations (43%) met our strict inclusion criteria: 6,744 AP and 4,432 LP gravidas. LP women were more likely nulliparous (57 vs. 33%), had smaller infants (3316 vs 3365 g), had more private insurance (26 vs 23%), p < 0.0001 for each. Maternal race, age, weight, gestation at delivery were not different. LP women were at increased risk for CD (nulliparas: 15.7 vs 7.8%, multiparas; 3.7 vs 1.7, p < 0.0001 for each). LP women had more prolonged latent phase (OR = 5.6), active phase arrest (OR = 2.2), and had more oxytocin use (OR = 3.1) scalp pH (OR = 2.0), IUPC (OR = 2.5) and ECG (OR = 1.8) monitoring performed, p < 0.001 for each, but not more CDs for arrest of descent. LP women had more amnionitis (OR 2.6) and postpartum infection (OR = 2.0) but not operative vaginal delivery, postpartum hemorrhage or need for neonatal intubation. CONCLUSION: Arriving in latent phase may be a marker for labor abnormalities in active phase unrelated to maternal or fetal characteristics. Whether these labor abnormalities cause or result from early presentation or subsequent physician intervention remains unresolved.
Pleiotropy of FRIGIDA enhances the potential for multivariate adaptation

An evolutionary response to selection requires genetic variation; however, even if it exists, then the genetic details of the variation can constrain adaptation. In the simplest case, unlinked loci and uncorrelated phenotypes respond directly to multivariate selection and permit unrestricted paths to adaptive peaks. By contrast, 'antagonistic' pleiotropic loci may constrain adaptation by affecting variation of many traits and limiting the direction of trait correlations to vectors that are not favoured by selection. However, certain pleiotropic configurations may improve the conditions for adaptive evolution. Here, we present evidence that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene FRI (FRIGIDA) exhibits 'adaptive' pleiotropy, producing trait correlations along an axis that results in two adaptive strategies. Derived, low expression FRI alleles confer a 'drought escape' strategy owing to fast growth, low water use efficiency and early flowering. By contrast, a dehydration avoidance strategy is conferred by the ancestral phenotype of late flowering, slow growth and efficient water use during photosynthesis. The dehydration avoidant phenotype was recovered when genotypes with null FRI alleles were transformed with functional alleles. Our findings indicate that the well-documented effects of FRI on phenology result from differences in physiology, not only a simple developmental switch.
“Click Here” A Content Analysis of Internet Rape Sites

Research on pornography has distinguished between its violent and nonviolent forms. Analyses of the content of violent pornography have largely focused on readily available soft-core images in adult films and magazines. However, current research has not adequately addressed pornography on the Internet. We show that discussions about violent pornography are incomplete without an understanding of the Internet as a unique and rapidly expanding medium for disseminating images of sexual violence against women. This article attempts to fill that gap by examining violent pornography using a sample of 31 free Internet sites. Each site was analyzed for its portrayal of women victims, male perpetrators, and its story of rape. Please be advised that the analysis contains graphic descriptions of violence toward women found on Internet rape sites.
Pleurectomy/decortication and adjuvant therapy for malignant mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon and usually fatal cancer, for which there is no standard treatment. However, surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment because of the inability to treat the entire hemithorax effectively with radiation and the lack of effective chemotherapy drugs. Extrapleural pneumonectomy is the only technically feasible operation for patients who have bulky local tumor and chronic entrapment of the lung, but pleurectomy/decortication is associated with a lower operative morbidity and mortality, and seems to lead to an equally good survival in patients who have early-stage disease. Because of the high risk of local recurrence after surgical resection by either extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication, efforts have been directed at developing effective adjuvant treatment
DISCRETE VARIANTS OF EVENING GROSBEAK FLIGHT CALLS

Abstract We describe four discrete variants of the frequency-modulated flight calls of Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) in the United States and southwestern Canada. Each call type is aurally and spectrographically distinct, and individual birds appear to produce only one call type. The observed geographic distributions of these call types are roughly concordant with described subspecies ranges. The long-term geographic distribution patterns of these vocal forms, and of genetic, morphological, and plumage correlates of vocalizations, warrant further study. Variantes Discretas de las Llamadas de Vuelo de Coccothraustes vespertinus Resumen. Describimos cuatro variantes discretas de las llamadas de vuelo de frecuencia modulada de Coccothraustes vespertinus en los Estados Unidos y el sudoeste de Canada. Cada tipo de llamada es auditiva y espectrograficamente distintivo, y un individuo dado parece emitir solo uno de ellos. La distribucion geografica observada de estos tipos de llamadas concuerda ...
A strategy for fine motion manipulation of robots using kinematic constraints

This paper examines the problem of controlling a manipulator near a surface. It is assumed that the manipulator must move near or along the surface without contacting the surface. The problem, therefore, incorporates fine motion control and obstacle avoidance. It can occur in applications, such as telerobotic manipulation in space and optical inspection of surfaces. The strategy uses the kinematic constraints that arise from formulating the kinematics and dynamics in the image space of dual quaternion coordinates. Through Lagrange multipliers the constraints are incorporated directly into the dynamics and used to force the manipulator end effector to follow a path along the desired surface. The constraints appear algebraically, and can, therefore, be manipulated directly when developing and implementing strategies for avoiding collisions with the surface. The dynamics are formulated in the operational image space of the manipulator. Thus, the results are easily extended to multiple robot configurations. >
Channel Aggregation in Cognitive Radio Networks with Practical Considerations

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, spectrum resource that can be shared by secondary users (SUs) is always restricted by primary users (PUs). Although channel aggregation (CA) enables each SU to access multiple channels at a time, whether it is beneficial is subject to the PU activity and radio capability. In this paper, we study the feasibility and efficiency of CA in consideration of various such practical constraints and costs. First, we propose a novel channel usage model to analyze the impact of both PU and SU behaviors on the availability of white spaces. This model is very general and can capture a wide range of user behaviors. Next, we model the costs in time for performing CA. User demands in both frequency and time domains are considered to evaluate the costs for making negotiation and renewing transmission. Further, an optimal CA strategy is defined to minimize the cumulative delay for transmitting a certain amount of data. Numerical and simulation results based on real data of PU activity show that user demands on both bandwidth and duration should be carefully chosen to achieve the optimal delay performance in practice.
Management of primary anterior shoulder dislocations using immobilization.

Reference/Citation: Paterson WH, Throckmorton TW, Koester M, Azar FM, Kuhn JE. Position and duration of immobilization after primary anterior shoulder dislocation: a systemic review and meta-analys...
Social Mainstreaming of Handicapped Students Facing an Unpleasant Reality

Integration and segregation of handicapped students are discussed in conjunction with the shortcomings of Public Law 94—142. Problems in measurement of social acceptance are presented, and sociometric status of various handicapped populations in regular classrooms is reviewed. The literature indicates that exceptional children are typically unpopular among their regular class peers, highlighting the need to consider social acceptance in appropriate education of handicapped students.
Regulation of calcium pump function in back inhibited vesicles by calcium-ATPase ligands

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of changes in substrate-product concentrations of the overall sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase reactions on calcium pump function with an emphasis on those factors that modify back inhibition of the pump by intrareticular free calcium. Methods: Sarcoplasmic reticular vesicles were isolated from the rabbit heart. Calcium uptake by the vesicles was measured with a calcium sensitive minielectrode and was related to ATPase activity, which was measured by the rate of inorganic phosphate (Pi) production or NADH oxidation. Back inhibition was varied by changing [oxalate]. Results: At the high level of back inhibition and low calcium transport efficiency, calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum was stimulated by pH decrease, hydrophobic compounds, dimethyl sulphoxide, and ATP regeneration. These factors apparently modify either calcium binding to the low affinity binding site of Ca2+-ATPase or the effect derived from the binding of calcium to these sites. Under conditions where back inhibition was avoided and calcium transport efficiency was high, the same factors had a depressive effect on calcium uptake. Inorganic phosphate had a dual effect on the rate of calcium uptake supported by low [oxalate]: Pi < 2–3 mM strongly inhibited calcium uptake while further increase in [Pi] reversed this inhibition. At the lower level of back inhibition higher [Pi] was required to inhibit calcium transport. Conclusions: Changes in [H+], [ADP], and [Pi] can significantly affect calcium pump function, but the effect is dependent on the extent of back inhibition of calcium transport. Changes in the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase environment which mimic those expected to take place at the start of reperfusion (pH increase to 7.0–7.1, high myoplasmic [Ca2+]) may have a depressive effect on the efficiency of calcium transport, provided that intrareticular free calcium is increased. Under those conditions factors able to decrease the inhibitory effect derived from the calcium binding to the low affinity binding sites are expected to improve the efficiency of calcium transport.
Synaptic proteins promote calcium-triggered fast transition from point contact to full fusion.

The molecular underpinnings of synaptic vesicle fusion for fast neurotransmitter release are still unclear. Here, we used a single vesicle-vesicle system with reconstituted SNARE and synaptotagmin-1 proteoliposomes to decipher the temporal sequence of membrane states upon Ca 2+ -injection at 250-500 μM on a 100-ms timescale. Furthermore, detailed membrane morphologies were imaged with cryo-electron microscopy before and after Ca 2+ -injection. We
Measurement optimization for near-infrared optical tomography

The image resolution and contrast in Near-Infrared (NIR) tomographic image reconstruction is in part affected by the number of available boundary measurements. In the presented study, singular-value decomposition (SVD) of the Jacobian has been used to find the benefit of the total number of measurements that can be obtained in a two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problem. Reconstructed images show an increase in improvement in the reconstructed images when the number of measurements are increased, with a central anomaly showing more improvement as compared to a more superficial one. It is also shown that given a 2D model of the domain, the increase in amount of useful data drops exponentially with an increase in total number of measurements. For 3D NIR tomography use of three fundamentally different data collection strategies are discussed and compared. It is shown that given a 3D NIR problem, using three planes of data gives more independent information compared to the single plane of data. Given a three planes of data collection fibers, it is shown that although more data can be collected in the out-of-plane data collection strategy as compared to the only in-plane case, the addition of new data does not increase image accuracy dramatically where as it increases the data collection and computation time.
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene expression and diversity of Lake Erie planktonic microorganisms.

Carbon dioxide fixation is carried out primarily through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham reductive pentose phosphate cycle, in which ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is the key enzyme. The primary structure of the large subunit of form I RubisCO is well conserved; however, four distinct types, A, B, C, and D, may be distinguished, with types A and B and types C and D more closely related to one another. To better understand the environmental regulation of RubisCO in Lake Erie phytoplanktonic microorganisms, we have isolated total RNA and DNA from four Lake Erie sampling sites. Probes prepared from RubisCO large-subunit genes (rbcL) of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC6301 (representative of type IB) and the diatom Cylindrotheca sp. strain N1 (representative of type ID) were hybridized to the isolated RNA and DNA. To quantitate rbcL gene expression for each sample, the amount of gene expression per gene dose (i.e., the amount of mRNA divided by the amount of target DNA) was determined. With a limited number of sampling sites, it appeared that type ID (diatom) rbcL gene expression per gene dose decreased as the sampling sites shifted toward open water. By contrast, a similar trend was not observed for cyanobacterial (type IB) rbcL gene expression per gene dose. Complementary DNA specific for rbcL was synthesized from Lake Erie RNA samples and used as a template for PCR amplification of portions of various rbcL genes. Thus far, a total of 21 clones of rbcL genes derived from mRNA have been obtained and completely sequenced from the Ballast Island site. For surface water samples, deduced amino acid sequences of five of six clones appeared to be representative of green algae. In contrast, six of nine sequenced rbcL clones from 10-m-deep samples were of chromophytic and rhodophytic lineages. At 5 m deep, the active CO2-fixing planktonic organisms represented a diverse group, including organisms related to Chlorella ellipsoidea, Cylindrotheca sp. strain N1, and Olisthodiscus luteus. Although many more samplings at diverse sites must be accomplished, the discovery of distinctly different sequences of rbcL mRNA at different water depths suggests that there is a stratification of active CO2-fixing organisms in western Lake Erie.
Cystic lung disease: systematic, stepwise diagnosis.

Once cystic lung disease is confirmed on computed tomography, one can arrive at the likely diagnosis in most cases by taking a systematic, stepwise approach based on the clinical and radiographic features. Here, we describe the features of cystic lung disease that point to lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, interstitial pneumonia, congenital cystic lung disease, pulmonary infection, and systemic disease.
Radiolocation with Multiple Directional Antennas

All radiolocation methods are concerned with the same problem: determining the direction of the Poynting vector of a radio wave at the point of observation. In this chapter, we will delve into our chosen method of amplitude-based radiolocation, but let us first draw some useful analogies with optical detectors and optical image formation.
Pain, Depression, and Anxiety in Cancer

The experience of pain is often associated with negative affect, such as anxiety and depression, and this relationship is evident in adult cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Adequate management of pain in cancer patients cannot be achieved without addressing co-occurring psychological factors (Psychological approaches to pain management, Guilford Press, New York, pp. 501–514, 2002). The aim of this chapter is to summarize knowledge about depression and anxiety as they relate to pain in adult cancer patients. We will briefly review the etiology and prevalence of pain before summarizing the existing knowledge about the relationship of depression and anxiety to pain in adult cancer patients. We will then provide an overview of the etiology, methods of assessment, prevalence, and management of depression and anxiety as it pertains to adult cancer patients. Examples of studies conducted with cancer patients with pain and palliative care patients will be discussed when relevant. Finally, we conclude with future directions for addressing depression and anxiety in cancer patients with pain.
The Double Cover of S3 Branched along a Link

Let L be an unsplittable link in S3 and let V denote the double cover of S3 branched along L. Starting with an arbitrary planar projection of L, it is shown how to construct a special presentation for the fundamental group π1V which encodes in a simple way geometric data from a (checkerboard) spanning surface obtained from the given projection, and which relates to the construction of Coxeter quotients of π1 (S3-L) previously studied by the author and Y. W. Lee.
Music, Art, Theater, and Physical Education

(1972). Music, Art, Theater, and Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 21-21.
Acidification of phagosomes in murine macrophages: blockage by Nocardia asteroides.

Most strains of Nocardia asteroides are susceptible to the detrimental effects of pH 5 when grown in buffered brain-heart infusion broth. Preventing phagosomal acidification may be a mechanism by which this organism survives the microbicidal activity of macrophages. Fluorescein isothiocyanate was conjugated to the surface of Nocardia and Saccharomyces to form pH-sensitive fluorescent probes. The fluorescent emission, and thus the pH, of this probe was quantitated within individual phagosomes by using a computerized cytospectrophotometer. When either live or dead cells of virulent N. asteroides strain GUH-2 were ingested, the phagosomal pH remained above pH 7 for 2 hr. A nonpathogenic soil isolate, N. asteroides strain 19247, only partially blocked acidification. In contrast, when Saccharomyces was used as a control for normal response, the pH decreased to approximately pH 5. Therefore, virulent N. asteroides blocks phagosomal acidification. Because killed Nocardia act in the same manner, this inhibition of acidification appears to be associated with cellular components. This capacity to prevent phagosomal acidification may be prerequisite to the survival of intracellular pathogens. Infections caused by Nocardia asteroides result from
Quantum Lithography Has a Reduced Multiphoton Absorption Rate

It is shown that, contrary to popular belief, the multiphoton absorption rate is reduced if entangled photons are used to reduce the feature size of multiphoton lithography.
Abstract 3035: Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through Smad2 and Smad3 to regulate cell migration and proliferation

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The TGF-β superfamily consists of a large number of growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration and apoptosis. TGF-β activates the transcription factors Smad2/3, as well as Smad1/5/8, while BMP stimulation results in the activation of Smad1/5/8. Unexpectedly, we have demonstrated that BMP family members, including BMP2, 3, 4, 7, 9 and GDF5 can also induce Smad2/3 phosphorylation and downstream gene transcription in ovarian, pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. BMP2-induced Smad2 phosphorylation can be attenuated by expression of dominant negative TβRII or shRNA-mediated knockdown of TβRII, while BMP2-induced Smad3 phosphorylation can be attenuated by expression of dominant negative BMPRII or shRNA-mediated knockdown of BMPRII, suggesting different mechanisms of BMP-mediated activation of Smad2 and Smad3. BMP2-induced Smad1, Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation increase cell invasion, migration and proliferation, respectively. BMP stimulated Smad2/3 phosphorylation suggests that BMP-mediated effects on cancer progression may be regulated, in part, through these novel signaling pathways. Current studies are focused on further elucidating the role of BMP-induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation on human cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3035. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3035
Facile Determination of the Spectra of Unstable Electrode Products Using Simultaneous Fiber-Optic Chronoabsorptometry and Chronoamperometry

A widely applicable fiber-optic UV-vis method to determine the spectra of in situ generated redox products and intermediates at or near an electrode surface is described mathematically and implemented experimentally. The quantitative spectral information obtained gives extinction coefficients (absorptivities) as a function of wavelength, requires no arbitrary subtraction of the spectrum of the starting material, and is relatively insensitive to path length and concentration during the spectroelectrochemical measurements. We demonstrate proof-of-concept of this methodology by reproducing the expected spectrum of the ferrocenium ion from electrooxidation of ferrocene in MeCN, and by reproducing the spectrum that reveals π-radical cation formation from the electrooxidation of (T(p-OMe)PP)Co(NO) ((T(p-OMe)PP = 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinato dianion). Importantly, we demonstrate its use for the facile detection of unstable redox products not previously detected by current spectroelectrochemical methods. We obtain, for the first time, the experimental UV-vis spectrum of the short-lived fac-[(dppe)Mn(CO)(3)Br](+) cation, a hitherto uncharacterized intermediate that forms during the archetypal redox-induced fac-to-mer isomerization of (dppe)Mn(CO)(3)Br (dppe = diphenylphosphinoethane). Spectral features of the Mn-containing species have been verified by comparison to theoretical spectra calculated by time-dependent density functional theory methods.
Partial Duplication of the Male Urethra

AbstractA case of partial duplication of the male urethra (bifid urethra) is presented. This case is unusual because of the late presentation with incontinence, the normality of the primary urethra and the markedly lateral course of the accessory urethra. An anatomic and embryological classification is presented.
Abstract 2659: A novel isoform of TET1 that lacks a CXXC domain is overexpressed in cancer

TET1 is a DNA demethylase that regulates DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation and gene expression patterns. It has a catalytic domain that oxidizes methylated cytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and can then be further oxidized or converted to un-methylated cytosine. TET1 has a CXXC domain that allows it to recognize and bind to long stretches of CpG dinucleotides, known as CpG islands (CGIs). Our previous work found TET1 to protect CGIs from aberrant methylation and that the CXXC domain limits its ability to regulate genes outside of CGIs. However, many of the methylation changes in cancer are outside CGIs. To determine if TET1 could possibly play a role in this hypomethylation, we searched for alternatively spliced forms of the protein. We identified a novel isoform of TET1 (TET1 ALT ) that lacks the CXXC domain but retains the demethylase domain. TET1 ALT has a unique transcription start site from a strong alternate promoter upstream of exon 3, yielding a protein with a unique translation start site. We confirmed promoter activity using Luciferase constructs, and confirmed TET1 ALT translation and function through overexpression experiments. Gene expression analyses by qPCR found that TET1 ALT is silenced in mESCs but becomes activated in select embryonic and adult tissues while full length TET1 is favored in mESCs, but is repressed in adult tissues. Thus, there is an isoform switch during differentiation and TET1 ALT is the major isoform expressed in adult cells. TET1 ALT is over expressed in several cancer cell lines, including breast cancer. In conclusion, we have identified a novel isoform of TET1 that has the potential to regulate DNA methylation outside of CGIs and is the predominant isoform expressed in adult cells. We are investigating the hypothesis that TET1 ALT may contribute to the methylation changes observed in cancer outside of CGIs, such as in gene bodies and in enhancers. Citation Format: Charly R. Good, Jozef Madzo, Shinji Maegawa, Nora Engel, Jaroslav Jelinek, Jean-Pierre Issa. A novel isoform of TET1 that lacks a CXXC domain is overexpressed in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2659.
On the utility of combining production data and perceptual data to investigate regional linguistic variation: The case of Spanish experiential gustar ‘to like, to please’ on Twitter and in an online survey

The use of both production and perceptual data has the potential to provide a more complete picture of linguistic phenomena than would otherwise be the case, including when exploring regional linguistic variation. Utilizing the social networking platform Twitter and an online survey, this paper reports on a descriptive analysis of the geographic distribution of a less-commonly used syntactic form of the Spanish verb gustar ‘to like, to please’, referred to as experiential gustar (e.g., cuando gustes ‘when you’d like’). The results from the analysis of 6,686 tweets together with the responses of 81 native Spanish-speaking participants in an online survey suggest that experiential gustar is produced and is perceived to be produced most often in Mexican Spanish, despite not being exclusive to that country. The paper contributes to the literature depicting the benefit of using both production and perceptual data in the study of dialectal variation, as well as to the literature documenting language variation in Spanish.
Feminist Literary Criticism

Feminist literary criticism is a method for the analysis and interpretation of literary texts and other cultural productions through the lens of feminist theories. Just as the feminist movement is often categorized into first, second, and third waves, feminist literary criticism is organized into several categories. Considering the numerous points of view and movements within feminist literary criticism, there is not a singular form of feminist literary theory. Instead, feminist literary critics continue to explore diverse directions in how gender has a role in epistemological practices and representations. Keywords: critical theory; feminisms; gender discourse; literature; literary criticism