cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Find this for me: mobile information retrieval on the open web

With all the information available on the web, there is a growing need to provide mobile access to this information for the large, growing population of mobile internet users. In this paper, we propose a solution to the problem of open web mobile information retrieval, by conducting a dialogue with the user over a simple text-based interface. Using techniques from NLP, web page analysis, and information extraction, our approach automatically navigates web sites on the user's behalf and extracts specific information from those sites to present to the user textually. Empirical evaluation shows that our approach to open web information retrieval is feasible, and a qualitative evaluation validates that such a system meets user needs for mobile information access.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

James V. Bono and Richard D. Scott, editors. New York: Springer; 2005. 292 pages. $199.00. Authors/editors Bono and Scott state in the preface of this book that their goal was to provide a “how-to” text for the diagnosis and management of the failed total knee arthroplasty. In determining whether the authors and editors of a book have achieved their stated goal, it is important to consider the reputations of those authors and editors. Indeed, as Roderick Turner points out in the second foreword, an important consideration is the high regard that Dr. Scott's peers have for his judgment …
Body size trends in the Ordovician to earliest Silurian of the Oslo Region

Abstract Body size is an important ecological parameter that can be understood in both evolutionary and environmental terms. We present a database of changes in overall body size in brachiopods and trilobites through the Ordovician and earliest Silurian of the Oslo Region, Norway. In contrast with global studies, the limited geographical extent of our data allows correlation with environmental parameters such as climate and water depth, and simplifies taxonomical standardization and stratigraphical correlation. In our data set there is a clear indication of increasing size both for brachiopods and trilobites during most of the Ordovician, although this could result from an unbiased random walk. The size increase is followed by a reduction in size during the latest Ordovician. Trilobites show a strong increase followed by a decrease in body size during the Middle Ordovician, while brachiopod body size peaks later, in the Late Ordovician. These changes are partly correlated with the changes in species diversity in the Oslo Region. We discuss the results in terms of two models for change in body size — Cope's rule and the Lilliput effect. Cope's rule is the theory of an increasing body size through geological time, while the Lilliput effect describes a decrease in body size in the aftermath of a mass extinction or a severe environmental disturbance. We find no clear correlations between body size and sea level.
Principal-Agent Analysis and International Delegation: Red Herrings, Theoretical Clarifications and Empirical Disputes

The principal-agent (PA) approach has recently become the dominant approach to the study of delegation in both comparative and international politics. Despite these purported benefits, a growing number of critics have taken exception to both the theoretical assumptions and the empirical claims of PA analysis. Such critiques, it is argued, fall into three groups. The first are the red herrings, the critiques that arise from a misunderstanding or misrepresentation of what PA approaches and their practitioners actually argue. The second and more interesting set of critiques raise the distinction between agents and trustees, questioning applicability of PA analysis to the latter - although it is argued that this distinction needlessly dichotomizes a continuum of agent discretion and a range of motivations for delegation, and strictly defined is of little relevance to the universe of empirical cases that scholars might seek to explain. The third and final group of critiques argue that PA approaches systematically fail to predict correctly either (a) the reasons and the conditions under which political principals delegate powers to agents, or (b) the conditions under which agents enjoy autonomy and influence in domestic and international politics.
Correctional counselor burnout: Examining burnout rates using the Counselor Burnout Inventory

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine the appropriateness of using the Counselor Burnout Inventory (CBI) with correctional counselors and to explore burnout rates as they relate to gender and the type of prison they work in (i.e., minimum security, medium security, maximum security, and inpatient). A total of 92 responses on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the CBI were obtained, with 86 fully completed surveys by correctional counselors. Results suggest that the CBI is an effective measure with correctional counselors and that gender and type of prison were not statistically significant in predicting burnout rates.
American Jewish Ethnicity: Its Relationship to Some Selected Aspects of Consumer Behavior:

The ethnicity literature within marketing has infrequently considered relevant subcultural norms in the derivation of hypotheses, the strength of ethnic identification in the grouping of subjects, ...
Formation of Hydroxyindenyl and Vinylidene Ligands by Reaction of Internal Alkynes with Cp*Fe(CO)(NCMe)Ph

The reactivity of Cp*Fe(CO)(NCMe)Ph (1) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with internal alkynes has been studied. Reactions of 1 with dihydrocarbyl-substituted alkynes result in the formation of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl hydroxyindenyl sandwich complexes. A divergent reaction pathway is observed in the case of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, where a neutral Fe vinylidene is isolated. The reactions of hydrocarbyl trimethylsilyl-substituted alkynes with complex 1 result in the formation of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl hydroxyindenyl sandwich complexes. This reactivity suggests the necessity of two trimethylsilyl groups for vinylidene formation.
Diminishing Incidence and Level of Salmonellae in Commercial Broiler Hatcheries

Abstract Salmonellae can penetrate egg shells without causing decomposition of the egg. As these chicks hatch, reservoirs of salmonellae can take hold on the commercial hatchery. Our study in 1990 sampled eggshells from hatching trays, belt swabs, and paper pads from three commercial hatcheries and found 75.5%, 90.9% and 66.7% contamination, respectively. This study in 1995 repeated these samples, but found 22.5%, 52.2%, and 12.1% contamination, respectively. The decline in salmonellae contamination is both dramatic and encouraging, resulting from several important factors.
Tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in response to anti-CD3 antibody is diminished in old mice

Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblots were used to characterize phosphotyrosine-containing proteins (PY-PPNs) in anti-CD3 stimulated murine T lymphocytes. Activation led to increased phosphorylation of three PY-PPNs (MWs of 120, 80, and 40 kD) within 2 minutes, and maximal phosphoprotein levels were sustained for at least 30 min. There was a progressive decline with age in the responses of these three PY-PPNs to anti-CD3 stimulation, and some 20-23-month-old mice were virtually nonresponsive. A second group of PY-PPNs was present in unstimulated cells and not affected by anti-CD3 treatment or by age. Responses to Con A and to an antibody to the T-cell receptor were also found to be lower in old mice. Our data show that the pattern of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in normal murine T cells is similar but not identical to patterns previously defined in murine tumor T-cell lines, and that T cells in old mice have defects in tyrosine-specific phosphorylation that could contribute to their diminished responsiveness to mitogenic stimuli.
Exploring the Effect of Amphiphilic Polymer Architecture: Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of Both Cyclic and Linear Poly(ethylene gylcol)-b-polycaprolactone

While amphiphilic block copolymers have demonstrated their utility for a range of practical applications, the behavior of cyclic block copolymers remains largely unexplored due to limited synthetic access. To investigate their micelle formation, biocompatible cyclic amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone, c-(PEG-PCL), was synthesized by a combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and click chemistry. In addition, exactly analogous linear block copolymers have been prepared as a control sample to elucidate the role of polymer architecture in their self-assembly and acid-catalyzed degradation.
Young Children Prefer and Remember Satisfying Explanations

Research with preschool children has shown that explanations are important to them in that they actively seek explanations in their conversations with adults. But what sorts of explanations do they prefer, and what, if anything, do young children learn from the explanations they receive? Following a preliminary study with adults (N = 67) to establish materials for use with children, we addressed this question using a seminaturalistic methodology. Four- and 5-year-olds (N = 69) were dissatisfied when receiving nonexplanations to their explanatory questions, but they were satisfied when receiving explanations, and their satisfaction varied appropriately across several levels of explanatory information. Moreover, using recall as a measure of learning, whereas children typically failed to recall nonexplanations, their recall of explanatory information was consistently high and also varied appropriately across differing levels of information provided. These results confirm that children not only actively seek ...
Specialized primary feathers produce tonal sounds during flight in rock pigeons (Columba livia).

ABSTRACT For centuries, naturalists have suggested that the tonal elements of pigeon wing sounds may be sonations (non-vocal acoustic signals) of alarm. However, spurious tonal sounds may be produced passively as a result of aeroelastic flutter in the flight feathers of almost all birds. Using mechanistic criteria emerging from recent work on sonations, we sought to: (1) identify characteristics of rock pigeon flight feathers that might be adapted for sound production rather than flight, and (2) provide evidence that this morphology is necessary for in vivo sound production and is sufficient to replicate in vivo sounds. Pigeons produce tonal sounds (700±50 Hz) during the latter two-thirds of each downstroke during take-off. These tones are produced when a small region of long, curved barbs on the inner vane of the outermost primary feather (P10) aeroelastically flutters. Tones were silenced in live birds when we experimentally increased the stiffness of this region to prevent flutter. Isolated P10 feathers were sufficient to reproduce in vivo sounds when spun at the peak angular velocity of downstroke (53.9–60.3 rad s −1 ), but did not produce tones at average downstroke velocity (31.8 rad s −1 ), whereas P9 and P1 feathers never produced tones. P10 feathers had significantly lower coefficients of resultant aerodynamic force ( C R ) when spun at peak angular velocity than at average angular velocity, revealing that production of tonal sounds incurs an aerodynamic cost. P9 and P1 feathers did not show this difference in C R . These mechanistic results suggest that the tonal sounds produced by P10 feathers are not incidental and may function in communication.
Application of fuzzy mathematics in polymer optimization in Jiangsu Oilfield

In order to improve polymer flooding in Jiangsu Oilfield, laboratory experiments have been conducted to measure the viscosifying capacity, stability, temperature tolerance, salt resistancy, shearing resistance, retention property, and rheological property of polymer solution in accordance with the characteristics of high temperature, high salinity and reservoir fluids in fault block reservoirs. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has been used to judge experiment results. The result indicates that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can evaluate the quality of different polymers under different conditions, thus providing a new method for choosing polymer.
Normal Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Tablets:Collaborative Study

A stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method is presented for determining sulfamethoxazole in tablets. The method uses a 10 micron silica column, an isooctane-methylene chloride-2-propanol-acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid (70 + 25 + 5 + 5 + 0.5) mobile phase, and photometric detection at 254 nm. Seven laboratories collaboratively studied this method on powdered composite samples prepared from commercial 500 and 1000 mg tablets and on an authentic tablet mixture containing 83.32% added sulfamethoxazole. Mean assay results for the 500 and 1000 mg tablets were 102.2 and 97.9% of declared, respectively (n = 4). The mean recovery value for the synthetic sample was 99.4% (n = 4). The pooled reproducibility standard deviation (SD) (coefficient of variation (CV)) and pooled repeatability SD (CV) were +/- 1.01 (1.01%) and +/- 0.96 (0.96%), respectively. These results were in good agreement with those obtained by the Associate Referee for the titration method of USP XX. The proposed method can also be used for monitoring the presence of sulfanilamide in sulfamethoxazole by increasing the proportions of both acetonitrile and 2-propanol in the mobile phase. The method has been adopted official first action.
Altered tissue contribution to interfacial bond strength with acid conditioned dentin.

PURPOSE To measure the shear bond strength of resin composite to dentin using three fourth generation bonding agents in combination with three different acid treatments. One such treatment was followed by sodium hypochlorite. The purpose was to determine the contribution which the collagen rich, demineralized zone made to bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups, representing (1) All Bond 2/BisFil, (2) Optibond Dual Cure/XRV and (3) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Z100, contained four sub-groups each comprised of 10 caries-free molar teeth whose dentin was exposed in a transverse mid-coronal plane. Dressed with 320 grit, wet silicon carbide paper, the dentin surface in each sub-group was conditioned with 10% maleic acid (15 seconds), 10% phosphoric acid (20 seconds), 2.5% nitric acid (60 seconds) and 10% phosphoric acid (20 seconds) followed by 5% sodium hypochlorite (120 seconds). The bonded resin composite assemblies were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and then subjected to shear force at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute until failure. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation values derived for the groups were not statistically different from each other (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the type of conditioning agent was not a factor in achieving optimal bond strength for the system tested. Furthermore, it was tentatively concluded that the collagen-rich zone offered no direct, quantitative contribution to the interfacial bond strength which is probably derived from complete resin diffusion into the porous, partially demineralized dentin below.
Acupuncture and traditional Chinese veterinary medicine for treatment of a mare with rectal paralysis

Summary An 8-year-old Appaloosa mare with rectal paralysis due to a cosmetic ethanol ‘tail block’ was treated with traditional Chinese veterinary medicine treatments including acupuncture and herbal medicine. Her rectal and tail tone gradually improved after the treatment. At 4 months after initial presentation, the mare was able to produce faecal piles on a regular basis, and manual evacuations were no longer needed. Significant improvement was within 30 days of beginning treatment. At 8 months, the owner indicated that the mare had normal defaecation, was able to swish the tail from side to side and lift the tail to urinate, and had no evidence of straining to defaecate or colic.
Models and algorithms for dynamic headway control

A formulation is given for train routing and scheduling with dynamic headway.A proposed velocity and headway control heuristics are developed.Simulation results show that using dynamic headway can reduce delay for trains. We consider the dynamic headway control problem under no-deadlock and no-collision constraints. Different speed limits are applied to different railway segments and junctions according to local geographic conditions. A mathematical programming formulation is given under the consideration of the trains' dynamics. Then a heuristic rule for train movement is proposed to reduce delay and guarantees a safety distance between trains. Simulation experiments are also conducted to show the efficiency of the dynamic headway model together with the proposed heuristics.
Speculation in Star Trek

While speculation is deemed central to humanity’s evolutionary process and humans’ authenticity, Star Trek makes the argument that the absolute operates as a progressive dialectic. Therefore, when we speculate and garner knowledge we are fulfilling the promise of the absolute, which is rational and leading humanity toward a classless society, free of gender/ethnic biases. We speculate and achieve this knowledge in spite of the risk of death. Therefore, analytic philosophy, and its fear of error, is misplaced because humans existentially fear lack of knowledge of the absolute more than they fear error and the death that can result from error.
Evaluation of a Social Norms Approach to a Suicide Prevention Campaign.

Suicide is a leading cause of death for college-aged youth, and university counseling centers (UCC) strive to educate students about mental health issues and available campus services. The current research evaluates a college campus social norms campaign that used both peer and celebrity sources to promote help seeking among college students as a suicide prevention strategy. Postcampaign surveys of this quasi-experiment (n = 391) revealed that compared to students in the control neighborhood condition, students exposed to the campaign messages in the experimental neighborhood conditions were more likely to perceive students would refer a friend to the UCC and more likely to visit the UCC for a mental health concern. Students living in the intervention neighborhood with a peer message source reported a greater willingness to refer friends to the UCC compared to those who lived in the celebrity and control neighborhoods. Regardless of condition, students who reported seeing UCC messages reported greater eff...
Cranial thoracic stenotic spondylomyelopathy in a young Rottweiler

A four-month-old male entire Rottweiler presented for progressive pelvic limb ataxia. Neurological examination revealed non-ambulatory paraparesis with ataxia in pelvic limbs, absent pelvic limb postural reactions, clonic patellar reflexes, normal withdrawal reflexes in all limbs and hyperaesthesia on neck manipulation. Weight shifting and splaying of the thoracic limbs (representing either mild paresis or compensatory gait change) were also noted. Neurolocalisation was third thoracic to third lumbar spinal cord segments (Th3-L3), most likely within the cranial aspect of this region. MRI showed enlargement of the dorsal laminae and articular processes …
Designing a Micro-Moving Target IPv6 Defense for the Internet of Things

As the use of low-power and low resource embedded devices continues to increase dramatically with the introduction of new Internet of Things (IoT) devices, security techniques are necessary which are compatible with these devices. This research advances the knowledge in the area of cyber security for the IoT through the exploration of a moving target defense to apply for limiting the time attackers may conduct reconnaissance on embedded systems while considering the challenges presented from IoT devices such as resource and performance constraints. We introduce the design and optimizations for a Micro-Moving Target IPv6 Defense including a description of the modes of operation, needed protocols, and use of lightweight hash algorithms. We also detail the testing and validation possibilities including a Cooja simulation configuration, and describe the direction to further enhance and validate the security technique through large scale simulations and hardware testing followed by providing information on other future considerations.
DIFFERENCES IN ODONATA ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY IN PESTICIDE-FISHED, TRADITIONALLY-FISHED AND PROTECTED AREAS IN LAKE VICTORIA, EASTERN AFRICA (ANISOPTERA)

The growing use of pesticides for fishing is a current practice of concern for biodiversity in Eastern Africa. There is little information available, however, on the extent and effect of this practice on conspicuous indicator groups like dragonflies. Odon., especially during the larval stage, are particularly vulnerable to pesticides. This survey found significant differences in both dragonfly abundance and diversity in bays of Lake Victoria that had been fished using pesticides. Only 1-2 dragonfly spp. can be found in areas routinely pesticide fished in contrast with > 20 spp. in protected areas. This survey highlights the detrimental effect of pesticide fishing on invertebrates.
Taming Arbitration: States’ Men, Lawyers, and Peace Advocates from the Hague to the War

At the end of the nineteenth century, the states’-system saw off a challenge from international lawyers and peace advocates who sought saw arbitration as a means to constrain raison d’etat and state discretion over the decision to go to war. While there is no evidence that statesmen engaged in a vast conspiracy, the statements and actions of diplomats from all the great powers demonstrate a consistent pattern of opposition to arbitration, restricting its application prior to, at, and after the Hague Conferences. In so doing, they worked to create the appearance of meeting public demand for an alternative to war. It is no surprise, therefore, that arbitration was never a meaningful part of international relations and can hardly be blamed for the descent into war in 1914.
Correction to: Differential analysis between somatic mutation and germline variation profiles reveals cancer-related genes.

Due to an error introduced during copyediting of this article [1], reference [8] incorrectly reads
Stuttering and Speech Disorders

Stuttering has two components: the dysfluencies themselves —the blocks, repetitions, and other vocal characteristics; and the tension and anticipatory anxiety the patient experiences in a variety of speaking situations. An effective treatment program must deal with the dysfluent pattern of speech itself, the tension and anxiety which have become conditioned to speaking situations, and the lack of self-confidence and poor self-image which are commonly part of the total clinical picture.
Methylation Products of 6β- N-Heterocyclic Substituted Naltrexamine Derivatives as Potential Peripheral Opioid Receptor Modulators.

Two 6β-N-heterocyclic naltrexamine derivatives, NAP and NMP, have been identified as peripherally selective mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists. To further enhance the peripheral selectivity of both compounds, the 17-amino group and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring in both NAP and NMP were methylated to obtain dMNAP and dMNMP, respectively. Compared with NAP and NMP, the binding affinities of dMNAP and dMNMP shifted to MOR and KOR (kappa opioid receptor) dual selective and they acted as moderate efficacy partial agonists. The results from radioligand binding studies were further confirmed by molecular docking studies. In vivo studies demonstrated that dMNAP and dMNMP did not produce antinociception nor did they antagonize morphine’s antinociceptive activity, indicating that these compounds did not act on the central nervous system. Meanwhile, both dMNAP and dMNMP significantly slowed down fecal excretion, which indicated that they were peripherally acting opioid receptor agonists. All together, the...
Ion Mobility/Time-of-Flight Analysis of Combinatorial Library Mixtures

Recent developments in combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening (HTS) have emphasized parallel strategies for the generation and characterization of large libraries of synthetic molecules. In the era following the sequencing of the human genome [1], proteomics has been developed as a high-throughput approach to the discovery of biological target molecules that are up- or downregulated in diseased cells [2]. The identification of such targets will certainly increase the demand for combinatorial libraries of potential binding ligands that are chemically diverse, well characterized, and appropriate for screening against multiple target molecules.
Immunoelectrophoresis: A Method with Many Faces

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) was the first practical method that combined electrophoresis and -immunoprecipitation for identifying and characterizing proteins within complex mixtures. Over the years, IEP has been extended to include a variety of techniques and, as a general name, has been applied to virtually any technique that involves electrophoresis and antigen-antibody precipitin reaction for proteins. Because of the diversity in technical details of different IEP versions, the method described here deals only with classic IEP. Although it requires some manual expertise, IEP is versatile, relatively easy to customize, and economical with no need for expensive instrumentation. Further, it can discern identity, partial identity, and nonidentity of the proteins. Any low-viscosity body fluid specimen or, possibly, culture fluid and tissue extract could be tested with IEP if proper antibodies are available. With these attributes, classic IEP remains a valuable tool for clinical diagnostic testing, purity checking of biochemical and pharmaceutical products, and research.
The Integument of Water-walking Arthropods: Form and Function

Abstract We develop a coherent view of the form and function of the integument of water-walking insects and spiders by reviewing biological work on the subject in light of recent advances in surface science. Particular attention is given to understanding the complex nature of the interaction between water-walking arthropods and the air–water surface. We begin with a discussion of the fundamental principles of surface tension and the wetting of a solid by a fluid. These basic concepts are applied to rationalize the form of various body parts of water-walking arthropods according to their function. Particular attention is given to the influence of surface roughness on water-repellency, a critical feature of water-walkers that enables them to avoid entrapment at the interface, survive the impact of raindrops and breathe if submerged. The dynamic roles of specific surface features in thrust generation, drag reduction and anchoring on the free surface are considered. New imaging techniques that promise important insights into this class of problems are discussed. Finally, we highlight the interplay between the biology, physics and engineering communities responsible for the rapid recent advances in the biomimetic design of smart, water-repellent surfaces.
Ecological and Demographic Dynamics in Encounters

Within sociology, ecology is the study of the relationship among social units and their bio-social-cultural-physical environments, whereas demography is the study of population size, density, migrations, and characteristics. Generally, ecological and demographic analyses are conducted at a more macro level, although meso-level analyses within specific fields, such as urban ecology and organizational ecology, remain highly prominent (e.g., Hannan and Freeman 1977, 1984, 1989; McPherson 1981; Carroll 1988; Berry and Kasarda 1977). The basic thrust of ecological and demographic analysis can also be brought down to the micro level; and since Erving Goffman’s pioneering work (1963, 1971), the theoretical insights to be gained from a concern with the ecology and demography of encounters has been all too evident.
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR NERVE POISON MODE OF ACTION

Abstract Several neurophysiological preparations exist that can be used to help clarify the site of action of insecticides. The cercal-giant synapse in American cockroach is probably one of the first and best known of these preparations, and appears to be a cholinergic synapse. The house fly flight motor preparation may be one of the most sophisticated of preparations in that the motor units involved can be unambiguously identified and the interaction between motor units in the central nervous system can be monitored from the intact house fly. The flight motor system can be used as a rapid assessment of actions on the central or peripheral nervous system, and can be used to measure intrinsic activity. The flight motor preparation also provides a neuromuscular junction which can be stimulated and recorded from during poisoning in the whole house fly. The maggot nerve-muscle preparation provides possibly the best nerve-muscle preparation in insects, certainly the simplest in looking at the putative neurotransmitters aspartate and glutamate. The grasshopper rhythmic leg motion provides a very simple preparation to monitor octopamine mimics such as chlordimeform, and is perhaps less technically difficult than the cockroach heart or fire fly light organ preparations. Examples of these preparations with limitations and drawbacks will be presented.
Durability Prediction and Measurement for Polymeric Biomaterials

Synthetic polymer biomaterials are often asked to perform under conditions of large cyclic deformations for long lifetimes. Typical of such applications are Left Ventricular Assist (LVA) pump bladders, heart valve components, and vascular grafts. In designing with these materials and eventually qualifying them for clinical usage, it is necessary to be able to predict the fatigue lifetimes accurately and reliably. To be sure, these materials must be biologically compatible; but even the most perfectly biocompatible material will not be qualified for structural use in humans unless its mechanical longevity can be proven from an accurate data base.
P-010 Reproducibility of in-vivo sub-millimetric 4D flow mr measurements obtained from small intracerebral aneurysms at 7 tesla in upscaled 3D printed replicas

Introduction Blood velocity and quantitative parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS) can be investigated non-invasively with 4D Flow MRI, and a comparison of these parameters between patients with ruptured and un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has been suggested to be useful in the differentiation between aneurysms at risk for rupture and stable aneurysms. In this context, although ruptured IAs cannot be easily scanned with 4 D flow MRI in-vivo, these, like un-ruptured IAs, can be modeled and 3D printed. The upscaled 3 D printed flow phantoms can then be scanned with 4D Flow MR at unsurpassed conspicuity. Herein, we investigate the feasibility of measuring detailed blood flow information in small IAs in-vivo (less than 7 mm in size) and comparing the data with data obtained from scanning in-vitro scaled-up and 3D printed models of the same IAs. Methods Four patients presenting with one, and one patient presenting two incidentally discovered small aneurysm(s) were scanned with 4D flow sequences at 7Twith a resolution of 0.76 × 0.76 × 0.8 mm3. Based on non-invasive imaging studies, the same aneurysms were numerically modelled, upscaled, 3D printed and assembled in an MR-compatible, dynamic flow circuit filled with a fluid chosen for its Reynolds and Womersley numbers. 4D Flow MR data were then acquired at 3T with this setting. Results In the patient with two IAs, one was missed (positioning error) while the other proved to be too small ( Conclusion We successfully obtained sub-millimetric in-vivo 4D Flow scans in small IAs at 7T. 4D Flow at 3T of aneurysm-specific 3D printed replicas yielded flow patterns comparable to those obtained in-vivo. These findings suggest that a larger comparative study of upscaled 3D printed of ruptured and unruptured small IAs could provide useful insight into the role of hemodynamics in rupture of small IAs. Disclosures B. Jagadeesan: 1; C; Microvention, Medtronic. 2; C; Microvention, CvRx. M. Toloui: None. O. Amili: None. S. Schmitter: None. S. Moen: None. K. Ugurbil: None. A. Grande: None. F. Coletti: None. P. Van de Moortele: None.
Analytical modeling and analysis of rhombus-type amplifier based on beam flexures

Abstract In order to accurately reveal the kinematic characteristics, the nonlinearities of load-equilibrium equations associated with the deflection of the flexible elements cannot be neglected, especially for the distributed-compliance compliant mechanisms. The object of this paper is to present a nonlinear analytical model of rhombus-type amplifier based on the beam flexures and to evaluate the effect of forces so as to offer helpful for initial parametric design studies. Based on the beam constraint model (BCM), the nonlinear analytical models of the one-stage and two-stage rhombus-type amplifiers are established respectively with some permissible approximations. Then, the input stiffness and off-axis stiffness models are formulated respectively, and the stiffness characteristic analysis is also carried out. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to evaluate responses of the model with various parameters under the action of different forces. Finally, experimental studies of the performances are carried out, and the experimental results are compared with the theoretical models and FEA results. The nonlinear behaviors in the displacement, amplification ratio and input stiffness are revealed accurately, and the reason why the amplification ratio of the two-stage amplifier is different from the expected value is explained.
Improving Seismic Data Resolution With Deep Generative Networks

Noisy traces, gaps in coverage, or irregular/inadequate trace spacing are common problems in both land and marine surveys, possibly hindering the geological interpretation of an area of interest. This problem has been typically addressed in the literature using prestack data; however, prestack data are not always available. As an alternative, poststack interpolations may aid the geological interpretation by increasing the spatial density of a seismic section and can also be used to reconstruct entire sections by interpolating neighboring traces, reducing field costs. In this letter, we evaluate the performance of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) as an interpolation tool for improving seismic data resolution on a public poststack seismic data set and compare our results with the traditional cubic interpolation. To perform the comparisons, we used structural similarity (SSIM), mean squared error (mse), and local binary patterns (LBPs) texture descriptor. The results show that cGANs outperform traditional algorithms by up to 72% and that the texture descriptor was able to better capture image similarities, producing results more coherent with the visual perception.
Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

The role of human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/HEV) in severe lower respiratory tract infections remains unclear. We characterized the respiratory status of children admitted to a large academic pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) who tested positive for only HRV/HEV. One hundred and fifty-five children met inclusion criteria with 62% requiring positive pressure respiratory support of 5 cm of water pressure or more within the first 24 hours of admission. Among them, 34% had SaO2 to FiO2 ratios of 264 or less with 22 patients (14%) meeting criteria for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. HRV/HEV is associated with significant respiratory disease in children admitted to the PICU.
Children’s Gender and Investments from Nonresident Fathers

Evidence suggests that fathers have stronger ties to sons than daughters, which may result in differential investments in their children. This paper investigated whether girls’ gender restricts their access to fathers’ contributions if they do not live together. The data used were the 1994–2008 March/April Match Current Population Survey Child Support Supplements, a large, nationally representative sample which identifies child support eligible mothers of all marital statuses and collects information on nonresident fathers’ financial and social investments in their children. Results for court-mediated outcomes such as the existence and amounts of child support orders showed that courts do not allocate child support differentially by child gender. Small but suggestive effects of child gender were found on fathers’ post-dissolution investments, but these effects disadvantaged boys rather than girls.
Sex change as a survival strategy

Sequential hermaphroditism (sex change) is understood to be a strategy that maximizes lifetime reproduction in systems where one sex confers highest fitness early in life, and the other later in life. This strategy is evolutionarily stable despite costs to growth, survival, or current reproduction. Few studies have examined advantages of sex change outside of reproduction. The mangrove rivulus fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, presents a unique system in which to study non-reproductive consequences of sex change because reproductive opportunity decreases significantly with sex change. In natural conditions, individuals develop as self-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodites. Some individuals change sex to male at various points after sexual maturity, even in isolation, essentially foregoing future reproductive assurance. In a large-scale experiment that examined fitness differences among individuals exposed to ecologically relevant environmental challenges, we found that individuals that change sex from hermaphrodite to male had overwhelmingly greater chances of survival compared to those that remained hermaphrodite. Furthermore, hermaphrodites derived from lineages with higher propensities to change sex experienced greater survival advantages by changing sex. Our results indicate that sex change may be a survival strategy, one with genotype-dependent consequences.
Robots That Use Language

This article surveys the use of natural language in robotics from a robotics point of view. To use human language, robots must map words to aspects of the physical world, mediated by the robot's se...
Limit-periodic Schrödinger operators with a discontinuous Lyapunov exponent

Abstract We construct a limit-periodic Schrodinger operator for which the Lyapunov exponent has a positive measure set of discontinuities. We also show that the limit-periodic potentials for which the Lyapunov exponent is discontinuous are dense in the space of limit-periodic potentials.
Isothermal inactivation of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 in peanut butter, powder infant formula, and wheat flour

Abstract Pathogens in low water activity foods are an important emerging food safety concern due to notable survival and thermotolerance. Limited but growing data are publicly available to compare the thermotolerance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 (a Salmonella surrogate). The aims of this study were to determine and assess bacterial thermal inactivation rates of two pathogens and a well-established surrogate across three different low-moisture food matrices containing different levels of fat using a dry inoculation method. Three low-moisture foods (0.11 aw, 45% fat peanut butter; 0.20 aw, 27% fat powder infant formula; and 0.45 aw, peanut butter > wheat flour for the vast majority of the comparable D-values. While Salmonella is the primary pathogen of concern in low-moisture foods due to survival and outbreaks, these results indicate L. monocytogenes can exhibit similar thermotolerances in low-water activity food matrices including peanut butter and powder infant formula.
Effects of filling, strain, and electric field on the Néel vector in antiferromagnetic CrSb

CrSb is a layered antiferromagnet (AFM) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, a high N\'eel temperature, and large spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which makes it interesting for AFM spintronic applications. To elucidate the various mechanisms of N\'eel vector control, the effects of strain, band filling, and electric field on the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of bulk and thin-film CrSb are determined and analyzed using density functional theory. The MAE of the bulk crystal is large (1.2 meV per unit cell). Due to the significant ionic nature of the Cr-Sb bond, finite slabs are strongly affected by end termination. Truncation of the bulk crystal to a thin film with one surface terminated with Cr and the other surface terminated with Sb breaks inversion symmetry, creates a large charge dipole and average electric field across the film, and breaks spin degeneracy, such that the thin film becomes a ferrimagnet. The MAE is reduced such that its sign can be switched with realistic strain, and the large SOC gives rise to an intrinsic voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy. A slab terminated on both faces with Cr remains a compensated AFM, but with the compensation occurring nonlocally between mirror-symmetric Cr pairs. In-plane alignment of the moments is preferred, the magnitude of the MAE remains large, similar to that of the bulk, and it is relatively insensitive to filling.
Cooperative Emergent Swarming Through Deep Reinforcement Learning

This paper studies the problem of designing a decentralized controller that is able to induce a desired emergent behavior in robot swarms. We consider a robot swarm composing of agents that have identical dynamics and sensors and are unable to communicate among each other. Our proposed approach leverages deep reinforcement learning methods to search for an appropriate control policy that achieves our desired group behavior. We show that our method is able to capture targets in a predator-prey case-study. Simulation and experimental results using an autonomous blimp research platform are also provided.
The Use of Smart Home Speakers by the Elderly: Exploratory Analyses and Potential for Big Data

Abstract Contemporary smart home speakers (Amazon Echo™, Google Nest™) represent an opportunity to capture streams of big data that represent user interactions. Once captured, these data streams may be analyzed to understand use patterns for different demographics. In this research, we focus on one demographic, the aging-at-home elderly. We describe how such data streams may be captured with appropriate safeguards from smart home speakers deployed in the homes of the elderly individuals. We analyze the data to develop visual representations and sonifications to discover several patterns about aggregate use, use intensity, use progression over time, and types of use. Based on these, we draw tentative conclusions about the aging-at-home elderly make use of smart speakers at home, identify some problems, and describe how the empirical findings may be used to discover new voice skills that can contribute to the quality of life for the elderly. The paper concludes with a discussion of possibilities for applying the approach we have demonstrated for larger data sets.
A model of the evolution of equitable offers in n-person dictator games with interbirth intervals.

People are often generous even when it is not in their apparent self-interest to do so as demonstrated by numerous experiments using the dictator game (DG). More recent research using DGs has varied the number of dictators and recipients and used these games to investigate the bystander effect and congestible altruism. These studies have found that people are less generous when there are others who could be generous (the bystander effect) and also less generous when there are multiple recipients (congestible altruism) though the sum of their generosity to all recipients increases. A working hypothesis is proposed that the context-sensitive generosity observed in n-person DGs can be explained as equitable behavior. From an evolutionary perspective, explaining the evolution of equitable behavior is challenging at best. To provide an evolutionary explanation, a second working hypothesis is proposed: equitable offers evolve because they reduce resource deficits produced by variability in the accumulation of resources and thereby minimize the length of interbirth intervals (IBIs) and increase fitness. Based on this working hypothesis, an evolutionary model was developed for n-person DGs to investigate the evolution of equitable offers as a resource allocation problem when reproduction is constrained by IBIs. Simulations demonstrated that equitable offers could evolve in group-structured populations when there is a cost (i.e., longer IBIs) to running resource deficits. Mean evolved offers also varied as a function of the number of dictators and recipients in patterns consistent with the bystander effect and congestible altruism. Equitable offers evolved because they reduced resource variability among group members and thereby reduced resource deficits, which insured higher average rates of reproduction for more equitable groups of agents. Implications of these results are discussed.
The association of insurance status and race with the procedural volume of traumatic brain injury patients

Abstract Introduction The influence of non-medical factors on the volume of procedures undergone by TBI patients remains an issue of debate. We investigated the association of lack of insurance and African-American race with the procedural volume of TBI patients. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study involving TBI patients, who were registered in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) between 2009 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression with mixed effects to control for clustering at the hospital level was used to investigate the association of insurance status and race with high volume of procedures for TBI patients. Results Of the 392,292 TBI patients, who were registered in NTDB and met the inclusion criteria, 9850 (3.8%) underwent high procedural volume, defined as 2 or more procedures during hospitalization (2 standard deviations over the mean). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association of uninsured patients with decreased possibility of high procedural volume (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.63–0.73). This persisted after using a mixed effects model to control for clustering at the hospital level (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61–0.71). In stratified samples, uninsured patients demonstrated similar associations even for GCS below 8 (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.64–0.75), or ISS above 15 (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69–0.79). Multivariable logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate an association of African Americans with procedural volume (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86–1.02). Conclusions During the hospitalization of TBI patients, lack of insurance was associated with lower procedural volume. When controlling for insurance status, we did not observe any race associated disparities in procedural volume.
Hip-Hop and the Study of Religion: Diagnoses and Possibilities

This book review essay examines the practices and unconscious tendencies in the study of religion and hip-hop through a critical investigation of Monica Miller’s Religion and Hip-Hop. Miller’s work both analyzes the problematic analytics associated with the “religion as a source” method in the study of religion and illuminates alternative approaches for re-describing “the religious” in the study of hip-hop through a postmodern vocabulary. While Miller’s book makes a significant contribution to the study of religion through her study of hip-hop, it falls short of making an equally powerful contribution to the study of hip-hop generally considered.