cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Comorbid Oppositional Symptoms Predict ADHD Behavioral Treatment Outcomes

Parent management training (PMT) is considered a best-practice for treating childhood ADHD. However, the magnitude of change in response to PMT differs across individuals. This study examined comorbid oppositional symptoms as a predictor of ADHD treatment outcomes. We predicted children with more severe baseline oppositionality would exhibit greater improvements in externalizing behaviors overall, including core ADHD symptoms. Participants consisted of 67 children aged 7-10 diagnosed with ADHD-Combined Type. Participants and their families received a manualized ten-session intervention, Family Skills Training for ADHD-Related Symptoms (Family STARS), combining PMT with a simultaneously occurring child skills training intervention. Pre- and post-treatment parent and teacher rating scales were collected to assess changes in ADHD and oppositional symptoms. Results demonstrated that children with more severe ratings of oppositional behaviors achieved commensurate ADHD symptom outcomes compared to those with less severe oppositionality. Implications are discussed with regard to the utilization of ADHD impairment-specific treatment targets.
Sequential compression device compliance in pregnant women requiring antepartum admission.

A quality improvement study done at the Medical College of Wisconsin between 2014 and 2016 demonstrated that, at baseline, sequential compression devices (SCD) were ordered for 46.0% of admitted an...
Is online training in family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa feasible and can it improve fidelity to key components affecting outcome?

Abstract In order to evaluate the feasibility of conducting an online training focusing on two key treatment components (externalization and agnosticism) to improve fidelity to Family-based Treatment (FBT), we conducted a study that compared the training outcomes of therapists randomized to standard online training or enhanced online training with increased emphasis on the two key components of FBT. Forty-six therapists were randomized to: (1) standard online training, or (2) enhanced online training in FBT on key components. The main outcome was change in knowledge and skills related to the two key components that were targeted in the enhanced training condition. The study appeared feasible from a recruitment and retention perspective. We were able to recruit 57 therapists into the study, which was above our target of 46. Of the therapists who entered the study, 9 (19%) dropped out. Neither training approach significantly improved knowledge, with no differences within or between training groups. For behavioral skills assessment using videotapes of recorded therapeutic responses to clinical vignette/role plays, externalization significantly improved in both groups, but there was no difference between groups. However, agnosticism scores were significantly higher in the enhanced training group compared to the standard training group with a large effect size (1.069, 95% confidence interval [0.179,1.963]). It is feasible to conduct an RCT of therapists using online training in FBT addressing key components of fidelity.
Cookie Cutter Covenants: Regulation-Induced Homogeneity of Homeowners Associations

Several authors have argued that homeowners associations (HOAs) constitute an ideal institution for implementing Buchanan and Tullock's Calculus of Consent. HOAs provide collective goods and mitigate collective action problems. Developers offer constitutions ready-made, economizing on the decision-making costs which render unanimity infeasible. Competition will constrain real-estate developers to offer exactly those constitutions which consumers themselves would have crafted. However, critics of HOAs have voiced a variety of criticisms. For example, they allege that HOAs often suffer from a high degree of conflict and consumer dissatisfaction. I argue that government regulation – especially FHA mortgage underwriting – has homogenized HOAs, reducing the scope for competition and product differentiation. Developers often adopt legal boilerplate, lifting their HOA contracts from government handbooks. This reduced competition undercuts the economic justification of HOAs. To some degree, the flaws and shortcomings of HOAs may owe themselves to regulatory-induced homogeneity.
Fluid Balance Predicts Need for Intubation in Subjects With Respiratory Failure Initiated on High-Flow Nasal Cannula.

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has gained widespread use for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure on the basis of recent publications that demonstrated fewer intubations and perhaps lower mortality in certain situations. However, a subset of patients initiated on HFNC for respiratory failure ultimately do require intubation. Our goal was to identify patient-level features predictive of this outcome. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of subjects with hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with HFNC. Individuals were described as having succeeded (if weaned from HFNC) or failed (if they required intubation). A variety of easily measurable variables were evaluated for their ability to predict intubation risk, analyzed via a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of a total of 74 subjects, 42 succeeded and 32 failed. The mean ± SD net fluid balance in the first 24 h after HFNC initiation was significantly lower in the success group versus the failure group (–33 ± 80 mL/h vs 72 ± 117 mL/h; P CONCLUSIONS: A negative fluid balance while on HFNC discriminated well between those who required intubation versus those who were successfully weaned.
Impact of phase distortion and phase-insensitive speech enhancement on speech quality perceived by hearing-impaired listeners

Phase is important for speech since it contributes to the quality and intelligibility during speech perception. Many speech enhancement algorithms lack the ability to predict phase for speech reconstruction and apply the noisy phase instead. In this study, we investigated the influence of phase distortion on the speech-quality ratings of both normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners by applying different degrees of random phase on speech. In one set of conditions, the speech was embedded in babble noise at 4 different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from -5 to 10 dB, while in another set of conditions, the SNR was fixed at 10 dB and the speech and noise mixture was presented in simulated rooms with reverberation times ranged from 100 to 1000 ms. The speech level was kept at 65 dB SPL for NH listeners; while amplification was applied to ensure the audibility for HI listeners. Ideal ratio mask (IRM) was used for speech enhancement. Speech-quality ratings were collected following the MUSHRA procedure and compared to two objective evaluation metrics (i.e., PESQ and HASQI). Results suggest that phase distortion has negative impact on speech quality for both NH and HI listeners and this effect becomes dominant when speech enhancement was applied.
Calcium pyrophosphate crystal size and characteristics.

Abstract Objective To describe the characteristics of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal size and morphology under compensated polarized light microscopy (CPLM). Secondarily, to describe CPP crystals seen only with digital enhancement of CPLM images, confirmed with advanced imaging techniques. Methods Clinical lab-identified CPP-positive synovial fluid samples were collected from 16 joint aspirates. Four raters used a standardized protocol to describe crystal shape, birefringence strength and color. A crystal expert confirmed CPLM-visualized crystal identification. For crystal measurement, a high-pass linear light filter was used to enhance resolution and line discrimination of digital images. This process identified additional enhanced crystals not seen by raters under CPLM. Single-shot computational polarized light microscopy (SCPLM) provided further confirmation of the enhanced crystals’ presence. Results Of 932 suspected crystals identified by CPLM, 569 met our inclusion criteria, and 293 (51%) were confirmed as CPP crystals. Of 175 unique confirmed crystals, 118 (67%) were rods (median area 3.6 ​μm2 [range, 1.0–22.9 ​μm2]), and 57 (33%) were rhomboids (median area 4.8 ​μm2 [range, 0.9–16.7 ​μm2]). Crystals visualized only after digital image enhancement were smaller and less birefringent than CPLM-identified crystals. Conclusions CPP crystals that are smaller and weakly birefringent are more difficult to identify. There is likely a population of smaller, less birefringent CPP crystals that routinely goes undetected by CPLM. Describing the characteristics of poorly visible crystals may be of use for future development of novel crystal identification methods.
A clinical prediction model to assess risk for pancreatic cancer among patients with prediabetes.

Background Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) may improve survival. We previously developed a clinical prediction model among patients with new-onset diabetes to help identify PDAs 6 months prior to the clinical diagnosis of the cancer. We developed and internally validated a new model to predict PDA risk among those newly diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) (1995-2013) from the UK. Eligible study patients had newly diagnosed IFG during follow-up in THIN. The outcome was incident PDA diagnosed within 3 years of IFG diagnosis. Candidate predictors were factors associated with PDA, glucose metabolism or both. Results Among the 138 232 eligible patients with initial IFG diagnosis, 245 (0.2%) were diagnosed with PDA within 3 years. The median time from IFG diagnosis to clinical PDA diagnosis was 326 days (IQR 120-588). The final prediction model included age, BMI, proton pump inhibitor use, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The model achieved good discrimination [area under the curve 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67-0.75)] and calibration (Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test P > 0.05 in 17 of the 20 imputed data sets) with optimism of 0.0012662 (95% CI, -0.00932 to 0.0108771). Conclusions We developed and internally validated a sequential PDA prediction model based on clinical information routinely available at the initial appearance of IFG. If externally validated, this model could significantly extend our ability to detect PDAs at an earlier stage.
Complex Opportunities for Improvement and Difficult Loop Closure

In this chapter, we discuss some of the more difficult PI problems to address and provide some strategies for you to use when faced with these issues. Nursing-related issues involve the nursing leadership of the hospital and multiple nursing managers and can be difficult to coordinate. Issues that involve resources and money can be vexing in that the trauma program has no control over other area’s budgets and cannot mandate spending from those budgets. Conflict with the hospital quality program can involve disagreement about disposition of opportunities, disparate corrective action plans, and problems with the trauma program gathering hospital PI documentation. The most difficult problem is a lack of hospital commitment to trauma care. This can be manifested through inadequate resources and lack of support for critical corrective action plans.
"This is Our Family": LGBTQ Family Narratives in Online NCAA D-I Coaching Biographies.

Intercollegiate sport in the US is known to be heteronormative, heterosexist, and often an unwelcoming space for LGBTQ individuals, including coaches. A decade ago, scholars documented the scarcity...
It's all in the name: Does nomenclature for indolent prostate cancer impact management and anxiety?

BACKGROUND Despite consensus guidelines, many men with low-grade prostate cancer are not managed with active surveillance. Patient perception of the nomenclature used to describe low-grade prostate cancers may partly explain this discrepancy. METHODS A randomized online survey was administered to men without a history of prostate cancer, presenting a hypothetical clinical scenario in which they are given a new diagnosis of low-grade prostate cancer. The authors determined whether diagnosis nomenclature was associated with management preference and diagnosis-related anxiety using ratings given on a scale from 1 to 100, adjusting for participant characteristics through multivariable linear regression. RESULTS The survey was completed by 718 men. Compared with Gleason 6 out of 10 prostate cancer, the term grade group 1 out of 5 prostate cancer was associated with lower preference for immediate treatment versus active surveillance (β = -9.3; 95% CI, -14.4, -4.2; P < .001), lower diagnosis-related anxiety (β = -8.3; 95% CI, -12.8, -3.8; P < .001), and lower perceived disease severity (β = -12.3; 95% CI, -16.5, -8.1; P < .001) at the time of initial diagnosis. Differences decreased as participants received more disease-specific education. Indolent lesion of epithelial origin, a suggested alternative term for indolent tumors, was not associated with differences in anxiety or preference for active surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Within a hypothetical clinical scenario, nomenclature for low-grade prostate cancer affects initial perception of the disease and may alter subsequent decision making, including preference for active surveillance. Disease-specific education reduces the differential impact of nomenclature use, reaffirming the importance of comprehensive counseling and clear communication between the clinician and patient.
From the ground up: Building predictions for how climate change will affect belowground mutualisms, floral traits, and bee behavior

Abstract Climate change affects species and their interactions, resulting in novel communities and modified ecosystem processes. Through shifts in phenology and distribution, climatic change can disrupt interactions, including those between mutualists. Mutualisms influence the structure and stability of communities and can link species to a common fate. However, research on climate change has focused on pairwise mutualisms, neglecting the higher-order interactions that can arise when species interact with multiple mutualists. We explore the effects of climate change on tripartite interactions involving belowground mutualists, namely soil bacteria and fungi, flowering plants, and pollinators. We outline how climate change is predicted to affect the phenology and distribution of these belowground mutualists, emphasizing the consequent effects on host plant floral traits, plant-pollinator interactions, and bee behavior. We find evidence that warming, advanced snowmelt, and drought are likely to cause phenological and distributional shifts in soil microbes, leading to diminished mutualistic interactions with plants and symbiont switching. Consequently, shifts in flowering phenology, smaller floral displays, and lower quality floral rewards are expected, increasing foraging time and energy demands for bees and altering their floral preferences. Such costs could translate into reduced fitness and novel selection pressures for bees and flowering plants in the short term. We highlight knowledge gaps and ways forward, urging studies on microbe dispersal and phenological cues, experiments that manipulate soil microbe-host plant interactions under simulated climate change conditions, and large-scale field studies across environmental gradients, all with the goal of understanding how climate change will affect soil microbe-plant-pollinator mutualisms.
Elevated levels of the cytokine LIGHT in Crohn’s disease

LIGHT, encoded by the TNFSF14 gene, is a cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Upon binding to its receptors, HVEM and LTBR, it activates inflammatory responses. We used a single-molecule immunoassay to determine the circulating levels of free LIGHT in plasma from pediatric patients with Crohn9s disease (N = 183) and a panel of healthy pediatric reference samples (N = 9). LIGHT levels were greatly elevated in Crohn9s disease (average of 305 pg/ml versus 57 pg/ml in controls, P
Statistical Assumptions in Orthopaedic Literature: Are Study Findings at Risk?

Background As orthopaedic surgery becomes more evidence-based, the need for rigorous research has increased. This results in more complex studies that employ more sophisticated statistical analysis, often some form of regression. These statistical techniques require the data to meet certain assumptions for the findings to be considered valid. The purpose of this study is to determine the common regression techniques employed in the orthopaedic surgery literature, and demonstrate how often the assumptions of regression analyses are met and reported. Methods Studies published in the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS) in 2017 and 2018 were reviewed. Commentaries, editorials, and systematic reviews were excluded. The statistical analyses performed in each study were documented. When regression analyses were utilized, the article was reviewed for evidence that the necessary assumptions underlying the statistical methodology were assessed and met. Results From the 470 studies that were reviewed, the most common statistical test reported was the independent-samples t-test (n=215, 45.7%). Also, 201 studies (42.8%) implemented some form of regression analysis. The most common regression was a logistic regression (n= 106). None of the 201 studies using regression analysis reported meeting all of the necessary assumptions to appropriately use a regression test. Conclusion Many recent studies published in JBJS depended on regression analyses to reach their conclusions, but none fully reported the necessary assumptions of these tests. Orthopaedic surgery journals should be more transparent in reporting the methodology of statistical tests, and readers must beware of possible gaps in statistical methodology and critically evaluate the studies' findings.
A Deep Learning Approach for Lane Detection

State-of-the-art lane detection methods use a variety of deep learning techniques for lane feature extraction and prediction, demonstrating better performance than conventional lane detectors. However, deep learning approaches are computationally demanding and often fail to meet real-time requirements of autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a lane detection method using a light-weight convolutional neural network model as a feature extractor exploiting the potential of deep learning while meeting real-time needs. The developed model is trained with a dataset containing small image patches of dimension 16 × 64 pixels and a non-overlapping sliding window approach is employed to achieve fast inference. Then, the predictions are clustered and fitted with a polynomial to model the lane boundaries. The proposed method was tested on the KITTI and Caltech datasets and demonstrated an acceptable performance. We also integrated the detector into the localization and planning system of our autonomous vehicle and runs at 28 fps in a CPU on image resolution of 768 × 1024 meeting real-time requirements needed for self-driving cars.
Chapter 15: Transfections of Primary Muscle Cell Cultures with Plasmids Coding for GFP Linked to Full-Length and Truncated Muscle Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the results obtained with GFP (green fluorescent protein)-linked α-actinin, myosin light chain, and the Z-band portion of the titin molecule. During the assembly of a myofibril, filaments of actin and myosin, and the many proteins associated with them, become aligned with one another in a series of steps that have not yet been defined. Time-lapse observations in live muscle cells of the proteins involved would provide a framework for analyzing the process of myofibril assembly. Introduction of high levels of mutated or truncated forms of a protein could also provide evidence of the role of the protein in myofibril formation. Expression of fragments of a protein can indicate the region of the protein required for its proper localization in the myofibril. Transfection of muscle cells with plasmids expressing GFP-linked proteins provides the means for addressing such topics.
Elasmobranch carbonic anhydrase. Purification and properties of the enzyme from two species of shark.

Homogeneous carbonic anhydrase has been prepared from erythrocytes of the bull and tiger shark. Molecular and equivalence weight determinations indicate molecular weights in the range of 36,000 to 40,000 depending on the method employed. Amino acid compositions are similar to those reported for mammalian carbonic anhydrases with several notable exceptions. The bull and tiger shark enzymes contain ∼25 and 18 half-cystine residues per molecule, respectively. These residues are apparently present as disulfide cross-links, since neither the native nor denatured molecules react with sulfhydryl reagents, but do react after reduction with mercaptoethanol. There are high contents of glutamic and aspartic acid compatible with the very acidic nature of these proteins. The isoelectric point of the bull shark enzyme is ∼pH 4.5. The shark enzymes catalyze both the hydration of CO2 and the hydrolysis of certain aromatic esters. Maximal catalytic rates are comparable to the high activity forms of mammalian carbonic anhydrases. Aromatic sulfonamides are powerful inhibitors. Circular dichroic spectra in the ultraviolet region indicate the presence of many structural features similar to those found in the mammalian enzymes. The shark enzymes contain 1 g atom of zinc per mole of enzyme. A stable metal-free, inactive apoenzyme can be prepared which is completely reactivated by Zn(II) or Co(II) ions. The Co(II) derivatives have intense visible absorption maxima at 510, 555, 618, and 645 nm. These spectra, as well as the spectra of sulfonamide complexes of the Co(II) enzymes, are almost identical with those of the Co(II) derivatives of mammalian carbonic anhydrases, and suggest that similar coordination geometries exist at the active centers of the elasmobranch and mammalian enzymes. Since fossil morphological evidence suggests that present day shark species have not evolved much since the Devonian period, this particular type of metal complex would appear to have been a constant feature of carbonic anhydrase over 400 million years of animal evolution.
Resolving the percentage of component terrains within single resolution elements

An approximate maximum likelihood technique employing a widely available discriminant analysis program is discussed that has been developed for resolving the percentage of component terrains within single resolution elements. The method uses all four channels of Landsat data simultaneously and does not require prior knowledge of the percentage of components in mixed pixels. It was tested in five cases that were chosen to represent mixtures of outcrop, soil and vegetation which would typically be encountered in geologic studies with Landsat data. For all five cases, the method proved to be superior to single band weighted average and linear regression techniques and permitted an estimate of the total area occupied by component terrains to within plus or minus 6% of the true area covered. Its major drawback is a consistent overestimation of the pixel component percent of the darker materials (vegetation) and an underestimation of the pixel component percent of the brighter materials (sand).
Theory of Membrane in Heegaard Diagram Expansion

The vacuum amplitude of the closed membrane theory is investigated using the fact that any three-dimensional manifold has the corresponding Heegaard diagram (splitting) although it is not unique. We concentrate on the topological aspect with the geometry considered only perturbatively. In the simplest case where the action describes the free fields we find that the genus one amplitudes (lens space) are obtained from the S 3 amplitude by merely renormalizing the membrane tension. The amplitudes corresponding to the Heegaard diagram of genus two or higher can be calculated as the Coulomb amplitudes with arbitrary charge distributed on a knot or a link which corresponds to the set of branch points of a given regular or an irregular covering space. We also discuss the case of membrane instanton.
EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF HEALTH SHOCKS: THE ROLE OF FRINGE BENEFITS

This paper examines whether health shocks influence labour supply. Estimates rely on detailed health measures that not only are more homogeneous than commonly-used self-reported health measures, but they also can be interpreted as plausibly exogenous with respect to labour supply. Further, this paper investigates the unique role that certain fringe benefits, namely health insurance and paid sick leave, play in the link between health shocks and subsequent employment activity. Results show that, compared to commonly-used self-reported measures of health, health problems defined by the US government as ‘priority’ conditions correlate with smaller labour supply shifts, but non-work-related injuries lead to larger shifts. Second, the arrival of a health shock appears to reduce the probability of remaining employed full time, while also increasing the likelihood of quitting work. Relatively few full-time workers who acquire health problems switch to part-time employment. Third, in the event of a health shock, sick leave appears to facilitate reductions in employment activities, while employer-provided insurance appears to hinder such adjustments.
Direct and Inverse Unitary Eigenproblems in Signal Processing: An Overview

Let H n denote the set of unitary upper Hessenberg matrices of order n with nonnegative sub diagonal elements. These matrices bear many similarities with real symmetric tridiagonal matrices, both in terms of their structure, their underlying connections with orthogonal polynomials, and the existence of efficient algorithms for solving eigenroblems for these matrices. The Schur parameterization of H n provides the means for the development of efficient algorithms for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrices. These algorithms include the Q R algorithm for unitary Hessenberg matrices [9], an algorithm for solving the orthogonal eigenproblem using two half-size singular value decompositions [1], a divide-and-conquer method [10, 5], an approach based on matrix pencils [6], and a unitary analog of the Sturm sequence method [7]. Aspects of inverse eigenproblems for unitary Hessenberg matrices are considered in [3] and efficient algorithms for constructing a unitary Hessenberg matrix from spectral data are presented in [13, 3].
Automated Essay Scoring: A Literature Review

In recent decades, large-scale English language proficiency testing and testing research have seen an increased interest in constructed-response essay-writing items (Aschbacher, 1991; Powers, Burstein, Chodorow, Fowles, & Kukich, 2001; Weigle, 2002). The TOEFL iBT, for example, includes two constructed-response writing tasks, one of which is an integrative task requiring the test-taker to write in response to information delivered both aurally and in written form (Educational Testing Service, n.d.). Similarly, the IELTS academic test requires test-takers to write in response to a question that relates to a chart or graph that the test-taker must read and interpret (International English Language Testing System, n.d.). Theoretical justification for the use of such integrative, constructed-response tasks (i.e., tasks which require the test-taker to draw upon information received through several modalities in support of a communicative function) date back to at least the early 1960’s.
Integrale Interdependenz – Komplexitätsmaximierung in den Gender Studies

Die Frage, wie das Verhaltnis von Gender zu weiteren sozialen Kategorisierungen zu konzeptualisieren ist, wird in den deutschsprachigen Gender Studies derzeit heis diskutiert. Der vorliegende Band stellt eine Intervention in diese Debatte dar und leistet dabei vor allem zweierlei: Zum einen liefern die Aufsatze interessante Zusammenfassungen verschiedener Diskussionsverlaufe und daraus hervorgehender Konzepte, zum anderen legen die Autorinnen selbst einen Entwurf vor, wie Kategorien sozialer Ungleichheit, Marginalisierung und Normalisierung in ihrer Komplexitat erfasst und analysiert werden konnen – indem namlich Gender selbst als inderdependente Kategorie gefasst wird.
Lecithin—Sphingomyelin Ratio in Amniotic Fluid, as Assessed by a Modified Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method in Which a Commercial Pre-Coated Plate Is Used

Commercially available pre-coated thin-layer chromatographic plates consisting of silica gel supported on aluminum sheets were used to determine the lecithinsphingomyelin ratio in samples of amniotic fluid. These lipids were separated in a chloroform-methanol-water (65:25:4 by vol) solvent system (lecithin, R F = 0.33; sphingomyelin, R F = 0.25), and the spots were made visible in 5-15 min by heating to 180 °C after spraying with a solution of copper acetate (30 g/liter) in aqueous phosphoric acid (80 g/liter). The lipids were measured densitometrically after "peeling off" the adsorbent containing the spots by using a transparent cellulose ("Scotch brand") adhesive tape. Virtues of the original Gluck procedure are retained without need to heat the plates to 280 °C after spraying with corrosive aqueous sulfuric acid (698 g/liter) to make the lipids visible. Resuits for synthetic mixtures in concentrations within the physiological range and with a ratio of 0.5 to 3.0 showed an accuracy of 99% ± 7% (SD).
The Metabolic Centroid Method for PET Brain Image Analysis

The method of centroids is an approach to the analysis of three-dimensional whole-brain positron emission tomography (PET) metabolic images. It utilizes the brain's geometric centroid and metabolic centroid so as to objectively characterize the central tendency of the distribution of metabolic activity in the brain. The method characterizes the three-dimensional PET metabolic image in terms of four parameters: the coordinates of the metabolic centroid and the mean metabolic rate of the whole brain. These parameters are not sensitive to spatially uniform random noise or to the position of the subject's head within a uniform PET camera field of view. The method has been applied to 40 normal subjects, 22 schizophrenics who were treated with neuroleptics, and 20 schizophrenics who were neuroleptic-free. The mean metabolic centroid of the normal subjects was found to be superior to the mean geometric centroid of the brain. The mean metabolic centroid of chronic schizophrenics is lower and more posterior to the...
An integrated monitor and warning system for the Jeremiah Morrow bridge

In this paper, a methodology for integrating a monitor and its warning system with results from both truckload tests and structural analysis is presented for the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge. Wireless data collection system, data cleansing and archiving procedures, Eigen vector prediction model, and capacity rating based upon truckload test results for the instrumented members are detailed. The truckload test and monitored responses document the “normal” or expected behavior of the structure to traffic and environment, respectively. A warning system is then designed upon a threshold technique which minimizes the probabilities of false alarms and the missed detection of critical events based upon the capacity rating. Past results of the implemented system for the Jeremiah Morrow and other bridges are discussed. Alarm scenarios are reviewed based upon the collected historical data from the monitors and generated warnings.
Simplified PCR set-up using a frozen preformulated mix for the detection of cytomegalovirus

Abstract A simple PCR set-up for the detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimen was developed. All components of the PCR master mix including Taq DNA polymerase, uracil N -glycosilase, and primers were preformulated and stored frozen in aliquots. After thawing the master mix aliquots, the PCR was immediately started after the addition of sample DNA. This method gave excellent reproducible PCR-results without loss of enzyme activities following storage at −20°C for at least 4 months.
Rates of Reaction for Cyclopropane and Difluoromethoxydifluoromethane with Hydroxyl Radicals

The rates of reaction, Arrhenius preexponential factors, and activation energies of cyclopropane and difluoromethoxydifluoromethane, CHF2OCHF2 (HFOC-134), reacting with hydroxyl radical were measured by a relative method. Using ethane as the reference, eight measurements in the range from 25 to 186 °C yielded an Arrhenius fit of k = (6.82 ± 1.5) × 10-12e-(1335±90)/T cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the reaction of cyclopropane with hydroxyl radical. Measurements were repeated using CH3CHF2 (FC-152a) instead of ethane as the reference. Both measurements agreed within 3%. Nine measurements in the range from 0 to 191 °C were made of HFOC-134 using CF3CHF2 (FC-125) as the reference. The result was k = (1.29 ± 0.5) × 10-12e-(1895±100)/T cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for HFOC-134. Preexponential factors for these two reactions are shown to be consistent with values predicted from a wide range of observed values for OH abstraction reactions. The rate constant results are compared to previously published values for these same compoun...
Coulomb energy and gluon distribution in the presence of static sources

We compute the energy of the ground state and a low-lying excitation of the gluonic field in the presence of static quark-anti-quark (qq) sources. We show that for separation between the sources less then a few fm the gluonic ground state of the static qq system can be well described in terms of a mean field wave functional with the excited states corresponding to a single quasiparticle excitation of the gluon field. We also discuss the role of many particle excitations relevant for large separation between sources.
Proof of Dispersion Relations in Quantized Field Theories

12:008871 From a relatively operational causality assumption roughly to the effect that outgoing particles can be observed only when there have previously been incoming particles, dispersion relations for forward scattering of a scalar particle may be derived, in a manner that extends in principle to all types of scattering. (auth)
Laboratory Procedures for Potency Testing of Blastomycin, Histoplasmin, and Coccidioidin

SummaryWays to induce sensitization in guinea pigs for use in assays for histoplasmin, blastomycin and coccidioidin were investigated, using various combinations of spore preparations, skin reactive reagent and mycobacteria incorporated in water-in-oil emulsions. It was possible to induce high levels of sensitivity to the skin reactive reagents, but the level of sensitization varied widely, depending on the combination of ingredients in a sensitizing preparation. The addition of mycobacteria sometimes caused either a decrease or an increase in the level of sensitization.The authors are indebted to Mr. Clifford Maloney and Mrs. Arvilla Webb for the statistical analyses and to Mrs. Sally Hedrick and Mr. Rubin Marquina for excellent technical assistance.
Terrorism: A summary

Since these articles were written, we have attacked Iraq and have in place a temporary government. We do not know if Hussein is dead or alive, though many believe he is still alive. Rumors flow tha...
Evidence for aggregation of fibrin fragments D and E in soluble fibrin complex formation.

Abstract The capability of fibrin fragments D and E (Fb:D and Fb:E) to participate in soluble fibrin complex (SFC) formation was investigated by gel exclusion chromatography. Non-crosslinked fibrin extensively digested by plasmin and purified Fb:D and Fb:E did not form higher molecular weight aggregates upon incubation with thrombin and upon incubation with fibrinogen in the absence of thrombin. On the other hand, Fb:D-E mixtures, as well as purified Fb:D and purified Fb:E, upon incubation with fibrinogen and thrombin displayed moderate peak shifts toward a higher molecular weight range by agarose gel chromatography, suggesting the formation of complexes in the dimeric-size range. Fb:D and Fb:E differ in this respect from fibrinogen fragments D and E (Fg:D and Fg:E), which fail to form higher molecular weight aggregates under similar experimental circumstances (Smith, G. F. and Bang, N. U., Biochemistry, 11 :2958–2966, 1972).
A methodology for the multi-resolution simulation of grinding wheel surface

Abstract A new analysis method, multi-resolution analysis which is based on wavelet transform is proposed in the study of a grinding wheel surface. The main advantages of the wavelet transform over the traditional signal processing techniques are its space-frequency localization and multiscale view of the components of the signal. Using wavelet transformations, we can effectively eliminate the measurement noise in the wheel measurement process, and decompose the measured profile according to different scales. The wheel surface can be reconstructed from the multi-resolution profile using the combination of different scales according to practical needs, and particular to this paper, the characteristic wavelength of the wheel can be obtained from the multi-resolution study of the wheel. The characteristic wavelength associated with their characteristic grain can be used in the prediction of ground surface roughness. The wavelet transformation method can also be used in the data compression of the measurement data, which provides and efficient method for the modeling of the grinding wheel surfaces. The analysis and simulation results can be applied to the grinding process simulation and grinding process control.
The Commutant of Multiplication by z on the Closure of Polynomials in Lt(μ)

In this work μ represents a positive, compactly supported Borel measure in the plane, C. For each t in [1, ∞), the space Pt(μ) consists of the functions in Lt(μ) that belong to the (norm) closure of the (analytic) polynomials. Multiplication by z on Pt(μ) is a bounded operator, which we denote by Sμ. Throughout, we tacitly assume that Sμ is irreducible. J. Thomson in [T] has shown that the set of bounded point evaluations, bpe μ, for Pt(μ) is a nonempty simple connect region G having the following properties: (a) The spectrum of Sμ, denoted σ(Sμ), equals G; (b) The essential spectrum of Sμ, denoted σe(Sμ), equals ∂G; (c) The commutant of Sμ, identified in the customary way with Pt(μ) ∩ L∞(μ), is isometrically isomorphic to the bounded analytic functions on G, denoted by H∞(G). We let ∼: f → f signify this Banach algebra isometric isomorphism from H∞(G) to Pt(μ) ∩ L∞(μ). Let φ be a Riemann map from G to D where D denotes the open unit disc it follows that φ is in Pt(μ) ∩ L∞(μ). Now define a measure, ν, by setting ν = μ ∘ φ−1. A routine argument shows that Sν acting on Pt(ν) is irreducible with bpe ν = D. If ψ is the inverse of φ, then we also have that ψ is in Pt(ν) ∩ L∞(ν). In this paper, we prove: (1) The measure μ restricted to the boundary of G is absolutely continuous with respect to the harmonic measure on G; (2) The function ψ is (almost) a one-to-one map from a carrier of ν|∂D to a carrier of μ|∂G; (3) The space P2(μ) C(sptμ) = A(G) where C(sptμ) denotes the continuous functions on sptμ and A(G) denotes those functions continuous an G that are analytic on G. We give examples to show that a carrier of μ|∂G need not be the "nice boundary part" of G, and that properties (1) and (2) are not sufficient to guarantee that σe(Sμ) = ∂G. We also show that each f ∈ Pt(μ) ∩ L∞(μ) has nontangential limits; that is, f(ω) → f(z) as ω → z nontangentially a.e. μ|∂G.
Lateralization of olfactory perception in the surgically separated hemispheres of man

Abstract Five right-handed human subjects in whom the cerebral hemispheres had been surgically deconnected for alleviation of severe epileptic seizures were examined for lateralization of olfaction. As with vision and stereognosis, it was found that olfactory perception may be confined to a single hemisphere when the input is restricted to one side (i.e. to a single nostril). The fact that odors were recognized only in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the nostril stimulated was evidenced by the subject's ability to name odors from the left but not from the right nostril. Non-verbal tests demonstrated perceptual recognition of the right nostril odors in the non-speaking (right) hemisphere. The results were further substantiated in tasks that involved cross-modal olfacto-tactual matchings. Responses were successful when both the tactual and olfactory stimuli projected to the same hemisphere but not if they projected to opposite hemisphere.
A new heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5: A relative of the cuprates?

CeIrIn5 is a member of a new family of heavy-fermion compounds and has a Sommerfeld specific-heat coefficient of 720 mJ/molK2. It exhibits a bulk, thermodynamic transition to a superconducting state at Tc = 0.40 K, below which the specific heat decreases as T2 to a small residual T-linear value. Surprisingly, the electrical resistivity drops below instrumental resolution at a much higher temperature T0 = 1.2 K. These behaviors are highly reproducible and field-dependent studies indicate that T0 and Tc arise from the same underlying electronic structure. The layered crystal structure of CeIrIn5 suggests a possible analogy to the cuprates in which spin/charge pair correlations develop well above Tc.
Interspecific Resource Competition between the Invasive Round Goby and Three Native Species: Logperch, Slimy Sculpin, and Spoonhead Sculpin

Abstract The invasive round goby Apollonia melanostomus (formerly Neogobius melanostomus) has negatively affected benthic fish communities throughout the Great Lakes. In this study, we compared the sensory physiology and behavior of three native species—slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus, spoonhead sculpin C. ricei, and logperch Percina caprodes—with those of the round goby to determine the mechanisms that allow the round goby to dominate native fish. The reaction and strike distances of the four species were examined during predator-prey trials using natural amphipod prey Gammarus spp. under varying light intensities (0-130 lx) to compare input from the mechanosensory lateral line and visual systems. Trials in the dark (0 lx) indicated that the sculpins and the round goby had similar lateral line sensitivity. However, all three native species had a significant advantage in reaction and strike distance over the round goby at higher light intensities. Interspecific resource competition was assessed by pairing a...
STEREOSCOPIC FACILITATION OF SIGNAL DETECTION.

Summary.-A small depth enhancement in tracking high acceleration targets (0.6 g) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.0 db was observed for increased intensity disparity between the eyes. Parametric study is needed. Recent research reported in this Jo~irnal (Siege1 8: Robinson, 19633, b) has investigated the effects of noise and signal motion upon human signal detection. Techniques for enhancing performance are currently being assessed. Prominent among these is stereoscopic cueing. The differential filtering of the eyes while viewing a laterally moving signal will give rise to the appearance of an elliptical trajectory. This Pulfrich phenomenon has been extensively investigated and discussed theoretically by Lit (1949), and the ability co create the effect oscilloscopically has been recently reported by Efron ( 1963). A pilot study has been completed in which Ss were required to track high acceleration targets (0.6 g) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.0 db. The effects of differentially filtering the eyes are presented graphically in Fig. 1. The filter disparity berween inputs to the two eyes is expressed in log units along the
Millimicrosecond pulsing — Its application and technique

Abstract A terminal pulsed Van de Graaff Generator is capable of delivering 500 μA and more peak currents in bursts 2–10 millimicrosecond time duration at arbitrary repetition rates. It is shown how millimicrosecond intervals of time relative to these bursts can be measured and recorded. Applications of such measurements to nuclear physics are given. Some of the problems encountered in producing bursts of ions at the terminal of a Van de Graaff are outlined by considering the application of a simple sinusoidally varying voltage to obtain bursts. It is shown that existing techniques can be improved substantially in a number of ways.
Etropus crossotus, an annual flatfish species; age and growth of the fringed flounder in South Carolina

Abstract Fringed flounder, Etropus crossotus , a small flatfish common along the southeastern coast of the US, were collected along the South Carolina coast in the fall of 1992, and in the North Inlet estuary from August 1992 until July 1994. Standard length was 82% of total length and the relationship between standard length and wet weight showed near-isometric growth with no significant differences between males and females. Dry weight was 21% of wet weight and ash-free dry weight 14% of wet weight with no significant differences between sexes. Daily increments in the sagittal otoliths were used for age determination. No annual structures could be identified. The maximum age was about 14.5 months. Age-at-length was not different between the sexes. The relationship between age and length was exponential, with age (in days) equalling an e power of 4.242 + 0.135 × standard length (in cm). Back-calculated hatch dates and catches of early juveniles indicated a spawning season that lasted from March to October. Females started to be sexually mature at 7 to 7.5 cm standard length, but 50% maturity was reached at 8 to 8.5 cm. Females could grow to that size within one spawning season. Individuals hatched early in the spawning season could produce eggs in the latter portion of that season's spawning period.
Electrochemical reduction of ethoxysulfonium ions radical intermediates in electrode processes

Abstract The electrochemical reductions of three ethoxysulfonium ions, diphenylethoxysulfonium (1), methylphenylethoxysulfonium (2), and dibenzylethoxysulfonium (3) hexafluorophosphate, have been studied in acetonitrile solutions in the presence of both tetraethylammonium (TEAP) and sodium perchlorate electrolytes. These salts are reduced to a mixture of the corresponding sulfide and sulfoxide in an overall one-electron process. For (1) and (2) an equimolar mixture of sulfide and sulfoxide is obtained in NaClO 4 solutions, while the yield of sulfide is larger than the sulfoxide yield in TEAP electrolytes. Electrolytic spin trapping experiments with α-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone have implicated radical intermediates in these electrolyses. Electrode reactions consistent with the e.s.r. spectra of the spin adducts and electrolysis products are proposed.
Mathematical model of a ground surface profile with the grinding process as a feedback system

Abstract The grinding process is formulated as a linear stochastic feedback system, leading to the characterization of the ground surface profile as its output. A graphical illustration shows the generation of the profile by such a system. A discrete representation of the uniformly sampled profile is used to obtain characterizing parameters from the profile measurements. The physical meaning of the parameters in the context of the feedback system is explained by the experimental results of four surface profiles ground with different wheels and at different speeds.
A repeated dose study of the toxicity of inhaled 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) aerosol in three species of laboratory animal.

The repeated dose inhalation toxicity of 2-chlorobenzylidene maloninitrile (CS) was investigated in male mice, rats, and guinea-pigs. Exposure was 1 h · day−1 for 120 days surviving animals being killed approximately 1 year after the start of exposure. Excess mortality was noted in the high dose groups of all three species but at exposure concentrations below 30 μg · 1−1 mortality varied little between the control and test groups. Death during the experiment was related to concentration of exposure rather than total dose (Ct). No case of a dose-response relationship between tumours in a particular site, and total dose of CS was noted.