cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-thymectomy autoimmune gastritis: fine specificity and pathogenicity of anti-H/K ATPase-reactive T cells.

, and I-A d restricted, and recognize distinct peptides from the H/K ATPase chain. One cell line secretes Th1 and the other Th2 cytokines, but both are equally potent in inducing gastri- tis with distinct profiles of cellular infiltration in nu/nu recipient animals. Neither of the cell lines induced disease in normal BALB/c recipients and transfer of disease to nu/nu recipi- ents was blocked by co-transfer of normal BALB/c spleen cells containing CD4 + CD25 + cells. Although CD4 + CD25 + T cells are thought to emigrate from the thymus after day 3 of life, they could be identified in LN of 2-day-old animals. The capacity of CD4 + CD25 + Tc ells to abro- gate the pathogenic activity in vivo of both activated Th1/Th2 lines strongly suggests that this suppressor T cell population may have a therapeutic role in other models of established autoimmunity. The availability of well-characterized lines of autoantigen-specific T cells should greatly facilitate the analysis of the mechanism of action and target of the CD4 + CD25 + immunoregulatory cells.
Effect of intravenous cocaine on uterine blood flow in the gravid baboon.

Cocaine abuse during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcome, believed to be a result of potent vasoconstrictive effects that cocaine has on the maternal cardiovascular system. The direct effect of cocaine on the pregnant, nonhuman primates' uterine vasculature in vivo has not been examined. We investigated the effects of intravenous cocaine on maternal arterial blood pressure, uterine blood flow, and uterine vascular resistance in four unanesthetized, chronically instrumented pregnant baboons. Baboons were instrumented during the latter half of pregnancy, placing an ultrasonic flow probe around one uterine artery and cathethers in the maternal inferior vena cava and aorta. Bolus intravenous cocaine hydrochloride doses of 0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.3 mg/kg by maternal weight were infused 30 minutes apart at least 5 days after surgical instrumentation. The maternal blood pressure rose 7.3% and 12.0% after the 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg cocaine infusions, respectively, and the uterine blood flow fell in a dose-dependent fashion 13.1% and 22.7%. Plasma norepinephrine levels rose in response to the 0.3 mg/kg cocaine infusion. These studies show that low doses of cocaine significantly reduce uterine blood flow in the pregnant baboon in a dose-dependent manner by increasing uterine vascular resistance.
Petrogenesis of voluminous mid-Tertiary ignimbrites of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Chihuahua, Mexico

The mid-Tertiary ignimbrites of the Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico constitute the largest continuous rhyolitic province in the world. The rhyolites appear to represent part of a continental magmatic arc that was emplaced when an eastward-dipping subduction zone was located beneath western Mexico.
Capillary columns-from London to London in 25 years

The paper presents an overview of the evolution of open tubular (capillary) columns introduced 25 years ago by M.J.E. Golay. This evolution is divided into five stages: the formulation of the theory and the basic work laying down the foundations for future work; learning the influence of the variables on column performance; development of columns with increased surface area; development of glass and fused-silica columns; and, finally, the introduction of open tubular columns in liquid chromatography. In each stage, the pioneering activities are summarized and the most important references given.
Advanced regenerative-cooling techniques for future space transportation systems

A review of regenerative-cooling techniques applicable to advanced planned engine designs for space booster and orbit transportation systems has developed the status of the key elements of this cooling mode. This work is presented in terms of gas side, coolant side, wall conduction heat transfer, and chamber life fatigue margin considerations. Described are preliminary heat transfer and trade analyses performed using developed techniques combining channel wall construction with advanced, high-strength, high-thermal-conductivity materials (NARloy-Z or Zr-Cu alloys) in high heat flux regions, combined with lightweight steel tubular nozzle wall construction. Advanced cooling techniques such as oxygen cooling and dual-mode hydrocarbon/hydrogen fuel operation and their limitations are indicated for the regenerative cooling approach.
Simultaneous Time-Frequency Control of Multi-Dimensional Micro-Milling Instability

A novel control concept is presented for the online control of a high-speed micro-milling model system in the time and frequency domains concurrently. Micro-milling response at high-speed is highly sensitive to machining condition and external perturbation, easily deteriorating from bifurcation to chaos. When losing stability, milling time response is no longer periodic and the frequency response becomes broadband, rendering aberrational tool chatter and probable tool damage. The controller effectively mitigates the nonlinear vibration of the tool in the time domain and at the same time confines the frequency response from expanding and becoming chaotically broadband. The simultaneous time-frequency control is achieved through manipulating wavelet coefficients, thus not limited by the increasing bandwidth of the chaotic system — a fundamental restraint that deprives contemporary controller designs of validity and effectiveness. The feedforward feature of the control concept prevents errors from re-entering the control loop and inadvertently perturbing the sensitive micro-milling system. Because neither closed-form nor linearization is required, the innate, genuine features of the micro-milling response are faithfully retained.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Luna 16 sample G36: Another crystalline product of an extremely mafic magma

Luna 16 sample G36 is a microbasalt containing skeletal olivine, plagioclase, ilmenite, and interstitial pyroxene. It apparently resulted from very rapid crystallization of a highly fractionated, totally liquid mafic magma. Although different in many details, G36 is generally similar to the ferromagnesian-rich Apollo 11 and 12 basalts. In this respect, it emphasizes the continuing problem of identifying a process on the moon which generated highly mafic magmas.
The Periodic Table Model of the Gender Transpositions: Part II. Limerent and Lusty Sexual Attractions and the Nature of Bisexuality

I propose a theory that puts the notion of two sexual attractions into a precise, testable form, and then I mesh it with the periodic table model of the gender transpositions described previously (Pillard & Weinrich, 1987). I define a limerent sexual attraction, active in eroticizing the physical and personality characteristics of a particular Limerent Object, and a lusty sexual attraction, active in producing erotic arousal when encountering a new Lusty Object. Three hypotheses then account for much of what we know about sexual orientation: (a) Limerence and lustiness are experienced by both men and women—but there is an average difference in the ease with which each can be elicited in a particular sex. Limerence is experienced by most women in our culture as an autonomously arising desire, whereas lustiness, when it occurs, is experienced mostly as a reaction to particular stimuli. Lustiness is experienced by most men in our culture as an autonomously arising desire, whereas limerence, when it occurs, i...
Trilinear equations, Bell polynomials, and resonant solutions

A class of trilinear differential operators is introduced through a technique of assigning signs to derivatives and used to create trilinear differential equations. The resulting trilinear differential operators and equations are characterized by the Bell polynomials, and the superposition principle is applied to the construction of resonant solutions of exponential waves. Two illustrative examples are made by an algorithm using weights of dependent variables.
Negative index materials with gain media for fast modulation

Negative index materials (NIM) enable subwavelength resolution and are promising for applications in integrated optical systems, since the mode volume is small. Most promising NIM systems essentially use noble metals (Ag, Au) with material losses much lower than in other metals, but still rather hefty, like in metal–dielectric–metal “fishnets”. Therefore, we perform extensive finite-difference time-domain modeling of NIM “fishnets” in combination with gain medium, InGaAsP multiple quantum wells in the present work. The signal recovery is weak, which is related to weak overlap between the radiation field and the gain medium. The signal modulation speed may be very large, in a picosecond range.
Measuring self-sustainability of economic development at the county level

Factors that affect self-sustainability of regional economic development are defined and analyzed in this paper. Extensive empirical testing shows that at the county level, the size of the regional economy and agglomeration effects are less important than its regional multiplier and its export base. Because the classic export-base model fails specification tests when estimated at the county level, a modified export-base model accounting for spatial effects is developed and analyzed. To validate the proposed spatial export-base model, a practical procedure for estimating parameters of the model is also developed and utilized in an empirical study. The paper concludes with a brief review of the applicability of the modified export-base model to the analysis of the self-sustainability of regional economies, its limitations, and its policy implications. In particular, it is suggested that regional economic development policies should focus on promoting patterns of self-reinforcing regional growth rather than on maintaining unsustainable economic initiatives. It is also demonstrated that the size of a county's economy is not directly related to its self-sustainability and growth rates.
The Use of the Mantoux Test in Identifying High Risk Groups in a Mental Institution

All patients in a mental institution were tested with three Tuberculin Units of the international standard of Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin. The geographic distribution of infection among patients in different buildings was calculated from the 2,157 test results which were available and compared to the geographic distribution of disease: 32 cases of bacterioiogically confirmed tuberculosis on the basis of diagnoses in the three years preceding the test program. The analysis of the data suggested that in populations with a high prevalence of tuberculous infection, a comparison of the observed and the expected prevalence of uninfected is a more sensitive method of identifying foci of recent transmission than a comparison of the observed and the expected prevalence of infected.
Make or buy: HMOs' contracting arrangements for mental health care

Many health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are contracting with external vendors for mental health care, rather than maintaining an internal mental health department. We develop a framework for analyzing HMOs' contracting choices, rooted in transaction cost economics. Applying this framework, external contracting seems most likely to appeal to smaller, newer HMOs and those located in areas with multiple vendors. Pressure from value-oriented buyers may make it harder for HMOs to provide mental health internally, without costly reforms to their product. HMO contracting arrangements deserve further study, given their implications for cost and the quality of care.
Glenohumeral Stability From Concavity-Compression: A Quantitative Analysis

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which compression of the humeral head into the glenoid concavity stabilizes it against translating forces. Ten normal fresh-frozen cadaver glenohumeral joints in which the labrum was preserved were used. A compressive load of 50 N was applied to the humeral head in a direction perpendicular to the glenoid surface. Increasing tangential forces were then applied until the head dislocated over the glenoid lip. The tangential force at dislocation was examined for eight different directions, 45° apart around the glenoid. Concavity-compression stability was then examined for an increased compressive load of 100 N. Finally, the protocol with 50 and 100 N of compressive load was repeated after the glenoid labrum was excised. Concavity-compression of the humeral head into the glenoid is a most efficient stabilizing mechanism. With the labrum intact the humeral head resisted tangential forces of up to 60% of the compressive load. The degree of compression stabilization varied around the circumference of the glenoid with the greatest magnitude superiorly and inferiorly. This may be attributed to the greater glenoid depth in these directions. Resection of the glenoid labrum reduced the effectiveness of compression stabilization by approximately 20%. These results indicate that concavity-compression may be an important mechanism for providing stability in the mid-range of glenohumeral motion where the capsule and ligaments are lax. The effectiveness is enhanced by the presence of an intact glenoid labrum.
Directed colloidal assembly: Printing with magnets.

Planar patterns of colloidal microparticles have been manufactured with high yield over square centimetre areas by using magnetic-field microgradients in a paramagnetic fluid. This approach could evolve into technology capable of printing three-dimensional objects through programmable and reconfigurable 'magnetic pixels'.
High levels of acceptability of couples-based HIV testing among MSM in South Africa

The acceptability of couples-based voluntary HIV counseling and testing (CVCT) has not been previously investigated among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa. Using online advertisements, data were collected from 486 MSM, who were 18 years of age or older with a current residence in South Africa and had at least one male sex partner in the previous 12 months. The analysis examined associations between individual characteristics and willingness to utilize CVCT services. The willingness to utilize CVCT services was compellingly high (89%) among this sample of mostly White/European African (89%) and HIV-negative (83%) men. MSM who reported higher numbers of completed school years were less likely to report willingness to use CVCT. Willingness did not vary significantly across other individual demographic or behavioral characteristics. Our results show an overwhelmingly high acceptance of CVCT services. Future studies should survey a more heterogeneous population of MSM, explore the complex nature of same-sex male relationships, and why respondents would or would not use these HIV testing services.
Analysis of an in-situ fiber optic backscatter probe

Elastic Light Scattering is a powerful technique to probe the optical properties of particulate systems. In particular, multi-spectral extinction and multi-angular scattering based on Fraunhofer diffraction have been used with varying degrees of success to probe particulate polydispersions. However, multi-angle scattering methods require complex detector geometries while extinction methods suffer from errors due to forward scattering. In this paper, we examine the use of an in-situ multimode fiber optic backscatter probe to collect multi-spectral backscatter data supplemented by multi-spectral extinction data. To perform particle sizing, efficiency kernels must be constructed that determines the absolute backscatter signal as a function of the particle size parameter (q) for unit concentration. These efficiency kernels can then be used to invert calibrated multi-spectral data. Within this scheme, the extinction measurements act as an empirical correction factor to the backscatter measurement kernels.
Overinclusion and manic symptomatology in schizophrenics

Examined the relationship between overinclusion and manic symptomatology in 46 schizophrenics using a reliable, structured research interview to assess symptomatology, and research diagnostic criteria to identify a subgroup of schizophrenics with concurrent manic syndromes. Of the three measures of overinclusive thinking employed in the study, only one significantly differentiated the schizoaffective and schizophrenic groups. Similarly, only one overinclusion test was correlated with the number of manic symptoms that patients exhibited. Finally, overinclusive and nonoverinclusive schizophrenics did not differ on specific manic signs and symptoms. Overinclusion also was unrelated to patients' overall levels of schizophrenic symptomatology. These results indicate that overinclusive thinking is related only weakly to manic symptomatology in schizophrenics, which suggests that this factor cannot account fully for the prognostic and cognitive benefits associated with overinclusion.
Analysis and Comparison of Active Solar Desiccant and Absorption Cooling Systems: Part I—Model Description

A common framework based on psychrometric analysis has been developed to calculate the performance of the supply air cooling system for both cooling coil and dessicant cooling systems. Using a medium-sized building with a variable air volume system as a test case, electrical, thermal, and overall system performance at ARI outdoor design conditions have been calculated for several variations of vapour compression, absorption, and dessicant cooling systems.
The Big Questions in Geography

In noting his fondness for geography, John Noble Wilford, science correspondent for The New York Times, nevertheless challenged the discipline to articulate those big questions in our field, ones that would generate public interest, media attention, and the respect of policymakers. This article presents our collective judgments on those significant issues that warrant disciplinary research. We phrase these as a series of ten questions in the hopes of stimulating a dialogue and collective research agenda for the future and the next generation of geographic professionals.
Dye and calcium ascent in dogwood trees.

How calciuim imioves in the transpiration strean of plants is not fully uinderstood. Biddulph et al. (2) com.pared movemenllt of 4'Ca and tritiated water in bean plants and fotund that xylem operated essentially as an exchange coluimn for calciutm. After additional experiments, Bell and Biddiilph (1) concludifed that caleiuim movement in xylem occurred in 2 phases: a) After calciuim enteredl the transpiration stream, it xA as boundcl on exchanige sites and theni ascenlded with aid of the transpiratiOln streanm xx-heln it was replaced by other :o0ns: h) Calcilm was removed from exchange sites to more immol)ile positions dule to ioIn uitilizationi by metabolizing cells anid depositioni in calciuim oxalate crystals. Emmert (4) founiid this explanation satisfactory to interpret upwar(l movemenit of stronitiunm ini bean plants. NMorris,on and Heine (9) id nloit believe that this mechanism explaine(l movemient of all polyvalent catiolns, an,d O'Leary (10) foundi(i that the mass flow itheory could liOt be entirely discarded as an explaniationi forcalcilm ascenit in bean plants. As part of an investigation of cycling of calciuim by floxvering dogwood trees, experiments xvere condiucted tr) (letermine the pattern of the transptiration stream and the slhort-term distribuition of stem-inocilaited ca-ldciluTml.
Identification and characterization of the GC-rich and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-inducible promoter of the type II beta cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit gene.

A rat genomic clone containing 4.5 kilobases of 5'-flanking DNA and the first exon of the type II beta regulatory subunit (RII beta) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was isolated, restriction mapped, and sequenced. The proximal 400-basepair promoter region was GC rich, lacked TATA/CAAT box motifs, and initiated transcription at multiple sites. Bandshifting and DNase-I footprinting experiments using this region of the RII beta promoter detected several related specific DNA-protein complexes formed using crude and fractionated nuclear extracts from rat ovary, brain, adrenal gland, and liver. All binding in these experiments mapped to a domain within the same region found to confer cAMP inducibility to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene when transfected into primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. Although GC boxes (putative SP1-binding sites) and activator protein-2 (AP-2) elements were present in this functional region, and although expression vectors containing AP-2 sites conferred h...
The interfacial torque on a partially submerged sphere

For a heavy spherical particle floating at the surface of a liquid, we show that the resultant torque exerted on the particle about its center by the interfacial forces is always zero, regardless of the position and shape of the contact line, provided only that the interfacial tension and the contact angle are constant. Interfacial tension therefore cannot rotate a spherical particle about its center.
Single-Machine Scheduling of Unit-Time Jobs with Earliness and Tardiness Penalties

The problem of determining a schedule of jobs with unit-time lengths on a single machine that minimizes the total weighted earliness and tardiness penalties with respect to arbitrary rational due-dates is formulated as an integer programming problem. We show that if the penalties meet a certain criterion, called the Dominance Condition, then there exists an extremal optimal solution to the LP-relaxation that is integral, leading to a polynomial-time solution procedure. The general weighted symmetric penalty structure is one cost structure that satisfies the Dominance Condition; we point out other commonly found penalty structures that also fall into this category.
Anal and perianal malignant neoplasms: Pathology and treatment

The types of malignant anal and perianal neoplasms are reviewed. Factors affecting the choice of treatment and the survival in these cases include the type of malignant tumor, degree of anaplasia, stage of infiltration (including presence or absence of metastasis), and size and location of the lesion in relationship to the pectinate line. The final result in many cases may depend on the method of surgical treatment — radical or local excision—and, therefore, treatment should be selected with the pathologic findings in mind.
Sodium cholate extraction of rat liver nuclear xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.

DNA is the purported target of several carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. Nuclear enzymes which could generate or detoxify reactive metabolites are of major concern. Several such enzymes have been identified within nuclei, but obtaining samples with enriched content or activity is difficult, time- consuming, and uses harsh isolation techniques. Extraction of rat liver nuclear suspensions with cholate- containing buffer results in solubilization of 25-30% of the protein. Linear extraction was obtained for total protein and cytochromes P-450 and bs, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, NADH--cytochrome b5 reductase, DT-diaphorase, and microsomal-like epoxide hydrolase with specific activities comparable to values reported for isolated nuclear membrane, while the yield was five to ten times greater. Detergent extracts of rat liver nuclei were employed to study the comparative response of microsomal and nuclear enzymes to chemical treatment. While the responses to acute inductive (phenobarbital and 3- methylcholanthrene) and toxic (carbon tetrachloride and dibromochloropropane) treatments were qualitatively similar, an initiation-promotion protocol (diethylnitrosamine with phenobarbital promotion) resulted in divergent responses between the enzymes in the two subcellular fractions. Detergent extracts of nuclei offer an efficient means of recovering xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes from rat liver nuclei, and have been utilized to demonstrate a differential response of nuclear enzymes during preneoplastic development.
Measuring the Influence of Think Tanks

It is difficult to present great conclusions about the influence of thinks tanks. The major think tanks have earned an important presence in the Washington policy community. In the words of one political scientist, “Power in Washington cannot be measured precisely, yet think tanks surely have a good deal for it …” The major think tanks are important sources of information to the media, the government, and to a host of interest groups involved in the public policy process. The result is a lively competition of ideas in the policy arena.
Role of template and infiltration technique on resulting morphology of polymer nanostructures

Abstract Polymer nanotubes are commonly fabricated using the template-assisted method. In the present study, polystyrene nanotubes were formed through a unique dipping technique that has not previously been reported. Anodized aluminum (AAO) templates were synthesized and infiltrated with polystyrene-tetrahydrofuran solutions. The effects of the template, polymer molecular weight and concentration on the final morphology were examined. The results indicate that stable nanotubes can be formed in homemade and commercial templates with polymer concentrations as low as 0.5 wt%. Nanotubes also resulted from a range of molecular weights indicating that the infiltration technique may be the primary factor enabling the formation of hollow structures.
Thyroxine stimulates transglutaminase activity in articular chondrocytes.

Abstract Objectives : Thyroid hormones induce features of the hypertrophic phenotype in mature articular chondrocytes as well as in growth plate chondrocytes. Hypertrophic chondrocytes are responsible for extracellular matrix mineralization, with formation of bone mineral in growth plate cartilage and pathologic calcium crystals in aging articular cartilage. Elevated activity levels of the two transglutaminase (Tgase) enzymes (type II Tgase and Factor XIIIA (FXIIIA)) have recently been described as additional features of hypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes. Because Tgases may participate in pathologic mineralization in aging cartilage, we explored the effects of thyroid hormones on Tgase activity in articular chondrocytes. Methods : Adult porcine articular chondrocytes were incubated with or without 250–750nM l-thyroxine (T4) or 10–100nM 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine (T3). Tgase activity was measured with a standard radiometric assay. The effects of thyroid hormones on protein and mRNA levels of type II Tgase and FXIIIA were determined. As Tgase activity can be stimulated by proteases, endoproteinase levels were also measured. The mechanisms of these effects were explored. Results : T4 (750nM) or T3 (100nM) stimulated Tgase activity by twofold in articular chondrocytes at 4h and increased the percentage of Tgase activity in the extracellular matrix. Chondrocytes rapidly converted T4 to T3, but the time course suggests similar mechanisms for T4 and T3. T4-induced Tgase activity was suppressed with cycloheximide and protein kinase C inhibitors. The effects of T4 on type II Tgase and FXIIIA levels were modest, but T4 strongly induced endoproteinase activity in chondrocytes. Conclusions : We report in this study that thyroid hormones increase Tgase activity in articular chondrocytes via a non-genomic mechanism, which may involve increased endoproteinase secretion.
Evaluation of a Stateful Transport Protocol for Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks

An effective transport protocol for a wireless mesh network (WMN) must fairly and efficiently allocate the limited network resources among multiple flows sharing the network while minimizing the performance overhead it incurs. While many transport protocols have been proposed specifically for multi-hop wireless networks, most of them refrain from keeping state in the intermediate network nodes. In this paper, we focus on the other extreme of the design space: stateful transport protocol, and study the research question of how much performance improvement is possible if intermediate network nodes could maintain as much state as needed. We present the design of a stateful transport protocol, named link-aware reliable transport protocol (LRTP), and examine how LRTP can fairly and efficiently allocate the network resources by accurately estimating the sending rate of each flow traversing the network using information about effective physical link capacity and the number of sharing flows. LRTP reduces the performance overhead associated with reliable packet delivery by leveraging the link-layer retransmission mechanism to eliminate per-packet end-to-end acknowledgments and unnecessary packet transmissions. Experiments conducted on an IEEE 802.1 la-based multi-channel wireless mesh network testbed as well as ns-2 simulations demonstrate that LRTP can achieve significant improvements in both overall network throughput and inter-flow fairness, especially on wireless networks with channel errors, when compared with the de facto Internet transport protocol TCP, and state-of-the-art MANET transport protocols such as ATP.
Revalidation of the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation

We have determined the energy of the J(pi) = 1/2(+), T = 3/2 resonance in 32S(p,p) to be E(p) = 3374.7+/-0.8 keV. This disagrees with the previously accepted value of E(p) = 3370+/-1 keV by Abbondanno et al. [Nuovo Cimento 70A, 391 (1970)] and solves a problem raised by recent observations of unexpected deviations from the isobaric multiplet mass equation. This resonance is also important in calibrating the beta-delayed proton spectra from 33Ar and 32Ar, and our findings may modify previous conclusions.
Multivariate sigmoidal neural network approximation

Here we study the multivariate quantitative constructive approximation of real and complex valued continuous multivariate functions on a box or R^N, N@?N, by the multivariate quasi-interpolation sigmoidal neural network operators. The ''right'' operators for our goal are fully and precisely described. This approximation is derived by establishing multidimensional Jackson type inequalities involving the multivariate modulus of continuity of the engaged function or its high order partial derivatives. Our multivariate operators are defined by using a multidimensional density function induced by the logarithmic sigmoidal function. The approximations are pointwise and uniform. The related feed-forward neural network is with one hidden layer.
Displacement of retained pyridine by aqueous tetrahydrofuran from Illinois No. 6 coals

Abstract It has been found that repetitive washing of an Illinois No. 6 vitrain and O-methylated Illinois No. 6 vitrain containing 10.7 and 7.9 wt% pyridine, respectively, with a 5% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran in water solution followed by vacuum drying at 110 °C (18 h) effectively removes all of the retained pyridine. Experiments with 14C-labelled THF establish that tetrahydrofuran is not retained under these conditions in significant amounts (
Attachment, anger and anxiety of male sexual offenders.

Abstract Common factors underlie sexual and non-sexual aggression, and they co-occur at high rates. This study reports on whether Dutton et al.'s model of partner abuse (1994) also predicts sexual offender status. Incarcerated sexual offenders (n = 144) and non-sexual offenders (n = 34) completed a voluntary, anonymous survey of attachment, anger and anxiety measures. Sexual offenders produced significantly higher insecure attachment (p = 0.001), anger (p < 0.05) and generalized anxiety (p < 0.01) scores than non-sexual offenders. Intended multivariate analyses were prohibited by multicollinearity between predictors. Although insecure attachment, anxiety and anger distinguish sexual from non-sexual offenders, their predictive power in a multivariate model is yet to be determined. Awareness of the co-occurrence of sexual and non-sexual violence would improve assessment and treatment approaches for professionals in both arenas.
Variable selection methods for developing a biomarker panel for prediction of dengue hemorrhagic fever

Background: The choice of selection methods to identify important variables for binary classification modeling is critical to produce stable models that are interpretable, that generate accurate predictions and have minimum bias. This work is motivated by data on clinical and laboratory features of severe dengue infections (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) obtained from 51 individuals enrolled in a prospective observational study of acute human dengue infections. Results: We carry out a comprehensive performance comparison using several classification models for DHF over the dengue data set. We compared variable selection results by Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Learning Ensemble, Random Forest, Bayesian Moving Averaging, Stochastic Search Variable Selection, and Generalized Regularized Logistics Regression. Model averaging methods (bagging, boosting and ensemble learners) have higher accuracy, but the generalized regularized regression model has the highest predictive power because the linearity assumptions of candidate predictors are strongly satisfied via deviance chi-square testing procedures. Bootstrapping applications for evaluating predictive regression coefficients in regularized regression model are performed. Conclusions: Feature reduction methods introduce inherent biases and therefore are data-type dependent. We propose that these limitations can be overcome using an exhaustive approach for searching feature space. Using this approach, our results suggest that IL-10, platelet and lymphocyte counts are the major features for predicting dengue DHF on the basis of blood chemistries and cytokine measurements.
Indentation-induced deformation at ultramicroscopic and macroscopic contacts

Depth-sensing indentation at ultramicroscopic and macroscopic contacts (“nanoindentation” and “macroindentation,” respectively) was performed on four brittle materials (soda-lime glass, alumina titanium carbide, sapphire, and silicon) and the resulting load–displacement traces examined to provide insight to the elastic and plastic deformation scaling with contact size. The load–displacement traces are examined in terms of the unloading stiffness, the energies deposited during loading and recovered on unloading, and the effect of the indenter tip radius on the loading curve. The results of the analyses show that the elastic and plastic deformation during loading and unloading is invariant with the scale of the contact, and the unloading curve is best described by neither a conical tip nor a paraboloid of revolution, but of some compromise.
Multicritical behavior in an ising antiferromagnet with zero field splitting

Abstract We show that a fourth order critical point along with other critical points of lower order prevails in a simple Ising antiferromagnet with zero field splitting. The observation of the fourth criticality is also discussed.
YouTube as a Source of Information on Confined Space Safety

Safety professionals looking for information on confined space safety often use the Internet as a resource. YouTube is a popular website that may be used to supplement safety training or as a source of information pertaining to Confined Spaces (CS). YouTube was examined as a source of information on CS safety. YouTube was queried using key phrases “confined space,” “confined space entry,” and “confined space rescue.” Two safety experts reviewed each video and assigned scores for accuracy and view-ability. Of the 220 videos screened, 48 were found to have relevant information about CS safety and were selected for inclusion in the study. Approximately 70.8% of the videos were rated as inaccurate and 87.5% were rated as offering little value. Results of our study suggest that YouTube may currently be an inadequate source of information on CS safety. Safety professionals should verify YouTube video content against trusted agencies such as OSHA before using them as a resource for CS information. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5626 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 39-42
Developing an open source, reusable platform for distributed collaborative information management in the Early Detection Research Network

For the past decade, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in collaboration with Dartmouth University has served as the center for informatics for the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). The EDRN is a multi-institution research effort funded by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) and tasked with identifying and validating biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. As the distributed network has grown, increasingly formal processes have been developed for the acquisition, curation, storage, and dissemination of heterogeneous research information assets, and an informatics infrastructure has emerged. In this paper we discuss the evolution of EDRN informatics, its success as a mechanism for distributed information integration, and the potential sustainability and reuse benefits of emerging efforts to make the platform components themselves open source. We describe our experience transitioning a large closed-source software system to a community-driven, open source project at the Apache Software Foundation, and point to lessons learned that will guide our present efforts to promote the reuse of the EDRN informatics infrastructure by a broader community.
321 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF INTRAUTERINE ISOXSUPRINE EXPOSURE

The ventricular septum has increased numbers of insulin receptors. Isoxsuprine (ISX) has been reported to cause increased cord blood insulin. To demonstrate whether an association between ISX exposure, hyperinsulemia and ASH occurred Echocardiography (EC) was performed on 30 infants who had ISX exposure and 25 control infants. Normal septal thickness is 3-4 mm. The control septal thickness was .38±.04. The ISX septal thickness was .55±.13. These are significantly different at p < .005. The ISX treated infants were larger, had thicker ventricular septae and had higher cord insulin levels than non or partially treated controls. ISX as a tocolytic agent may have a similar effect on the fetus as maternal diabetes.
An examination of option-implied s&p 500 futures price distributions

Expected S&P 500 futures price distributions are derived using no-arbitrage option pricing models. These distributions are parameterized both as the lognormal and as a less restrictive three-parameter Burr-XII distribution. The resulting option-based probability assessments display some evidence of miscalibration very near to expiration and far from expiration, but are accurate over intermediate time ranges. The means of the implied price distributions correspond closely to the contemporaneous futures prices for both distributions, although marginally better with the Burr-XII. The Burr-XII distribution also performs better than the lognormal based on calibration statistics, and hence, is used to recalibrate estimated distributions.
The role of estrogens on the proliferation of human breast tumor cells (MCF-7).

The cloned human breast tumor cell line C7MCF7-173 behaved as an estrogen-dependent tumor in the nude mice. In contrast, E2 added to serum-less media did not increase the multiplication rate of these cells over the values obtained in the control cultures. Media supplemented with charcoal-dextran stripped (CD) human female serum (FHS) resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent pattern (40% = 20% > 10% > 5% > 2.5%). E2 addition to all but the 2.5% CDFHS significantly increased the proliferation rate of these cells. The E2 concentration required to attain maximal proliferation rate increased as the serum concentration of the medium increased (e.g. 3 × 10−11M for 10% CDFHS, 3 × 10−10M for 40% CDFHS). E2 concentrations higher than the one needed to achieve maximal proliferation rate resulted in decreased cell yields (shut-off mechanism). Similar effects were obtained with synthetic and other natural estrogens. CD fetal bovine serum (FBS) also inhibited the proliferation of C7MCF7-173 cells: however, at similar concentration the inhibitory effect of CDFHS was more potent than the one obtained with CDFBS. The addition of “growth factors” (insulin. Epidermal Growth Factor and transferrin) and non-estrogenic steroids to 10% CDFHS failed to overcome the inhibitory effect of this serum. These results suggest that: (1) human and fetal bovine sera contain a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of E2-sensitive cells (estrocolyones), and (2) E2 promotes cell proliferation by neutralizing this inhibitor.
Intraoperative transdural functional mapping : technical note

✓ During craniotomy for supratentorial intraparenchymal space-occupying lesions, with the patient either under general anesthesia or awake, a smaller durotomy designed to expose only the region of resection may be desirable because of brain swelling. Similarly, during repeat craniotomy or craniotomy following cerebral injury or infection, pial-dural adhesions increase the risk of damage to essential cortex, making a limited dural opening desirable. Intraoperative transdural somatosensory evoked potentials and transdural cortical stimulation mapping permit localization of functional cortex prior to durotomy. These techniques can be combined with intraoperative transdural ultrasonography to identify topographical landmarks and borders of mass lesions.
Trafficking of endosomal Toll-like receptors

Over the past decade we have learned much about nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system and in particular by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These receptors localize to endosomal compartments where they are poised to recognize microbial nucleic acids. Multiple regulatory mechanisms function to limit responses to self DNA or RNA, and breakdowns in these mechanisms can contribute to autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the cell biology of TLRs involved in nucleic acid recognition and how localization and trafficking of these receptors regulates their function.
Acoustic-kinetic interactions in an irreversibly reacting medium

Acoustic-kinetic coupling in a gaseous medium undergoing an exothermic irreversible reaction with Arrhenius kinetics is studied in both the quasi-steady and non-quasi-steady regimes. For the quasi-steady limit (high acoustic frequency or slow reaction) an approximate analytical solution employing a Sylvester expansion is obtained in terms of four normal modes which permits critical examination of the acoustic-kinetic coupling. The amplification or attenuation behaviors and the propagation speeds are characterized by analytical expressions for density, entropy, and concentration fluctuations. It is shown that non-acoustic oscillations are possible; the existence of a sound wave reflection effect is indicated; and acoustic wave instigation of chemical instability is predicted. The instantaneous amplitudes, phases, and speeds of propagation of density, velocity, and pressure fluctuations are studied numerically by means of a transformation for both the quasisteady and non-quasi-steady cases. In the quasi-steady case, all fluctuations have nearly equal phase and propagate at nearly the frozen isentropic speed of sound. However, their amplification characteristics are, in general, different due to the temporal variation in acoustic frequency and acoustic-kinetic interaction. In the non-quasi-steady case, the instantaneous amplitudes, phases, and speeds of propagation oscillate about base lines very close to their respective quasi-steady limit curves; an indication that frequency-dependent selective amplification and dispersion effects in wave packets are small. Furthermore, the instantaneous phases and speeds of propagation are different for the different fluctuating variables. The instantaneous amplification or attentuation of density fluctuations is shown to be dependent upon the velocity-density fluctuation phase difference. From an acoustic-energy study, the chemical reaction is accelerated by the presence of fluctuations for all exothermic reactions considered. Energy transport during reaction between mean sensible internal energy and mean kinetic energy is discussed.
Prohibition gene is overexpressed but not mutated in rat bladder carcinomas and cell lines

Abstract Prohibitin was isolated as a candidate antiproliferating gene in rat liver cells, and it has been suggested as a tumor suppressor gene in human breast cancer. We investigated the steady state level of prohibitin mRNA in rat bladder cell lines and in rat bladder carcinoma induced by N -[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) and sodium saccharin, as well as the protein level in rat bladder epithelial cells. We also examined the prohibitin gene for mutations using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing methods. All rat bladder tumors investigated and several cell lines had unexpectedly increased steady state levels of prohibitin mRNA compared with that of normal rat bladder or liver. The prohibitin protein was easily detected by Western blotting in all cell lines regardless of their malignant status or growth rate. However, PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing analysis showed no mutations in the prohibitin gene. These results indicate that prohibitin overexpression, but not mutations, may be involved in the early stage of rat bladder carcinogenesis.
High TCR Stimuli Prevent Induced Regulatory T Cell Differentiation in a NF-κB–Dependent Manner

The concentration of Ag or mitogenic stimuli is known to play an important role in controlling the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into different effector phenotypes. In particular, whereas TCR engagement at low Ag doses in the presence of TGF-β and IL-2 can promote differentiation of Foxp3-expressing induced regulatory T cells (iTregs), high levels of Ag have been shown in vitro and in vivo to prevent Foxp3 upregulation. This tight control of iTreg differentiation dictated by Ag dose most likely determines the quality and duration of an immune response. However, the molecular mechanism by which this high-dose inhibition of Foxp3 induction occurs is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that when cells are in the presence of CD28 costimulation, TCR-dependent NF-κB signaling is essential for Foxp3 inhibition at high doses of TCR engagement in mouse T cells. Prevention of Foxp3 induction depends on the production of NF-κB-dependent cytokines by the T cells themselves. Moreover, T cells that fail to upregulate Foxp3 under iTreg-differentiating conditions and high TCR stimulation acquire the capacity to make TNF and IFN-γ, as well as IL-17 and IL-9. Thus, NF-κB helps T cells control their differentiation fate in a cell-intrinsic manner and prevents peripheral iTreg development under conditions of high Ag load that may require more vigorous effector T cell responses.
The specific purpose Monte Carlo code McENL for simulating the response of epithermal neutron lifetime well logging tools

A new specific purpose Monte Carlo code called McENL for modeling the time response of epithermal neutron lifetime tools is described. The weight windows technique, employing splitting and Russian roulette, is used with an automated importance function based on the solution of an adjoint diffusion model to improve the code efficiency. Complete composition and density correlated sampling is also included in the code, and can be used to study the effect on tool response of small variations in the formation, borehole, or logging tool composition and density. An illustration of the latter application is given for the density of a thermal neutron filter. McENL was benchmarked against test-pit data for the Mobil pulsed neutron porosity tool and was found to be very accurate. Results of the experimental validation and details of code performance are presented. >