cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The life cycle of actin patches in mating yeast.

Actin patches are core components of the yeast actin cytoskeleton that undergo redistribution during establishment of cell polarity. Using 4D imaging, we observe the life cycle of actin patches in living yeast for the first time. We observe assembly of actin patches at sites of polarized growth, and disassembly of actin patches concomitant with movement away from those sites. The total lifetime of an actin patch is 10.9+/-4.2 seconds. These findings indicate that actin patches are labile structures, and that the localization of actin patches during establishment of cell polarity occurs by assembly of these structures at sites of polarized cell surface growth. These findings were confirmed and extended by analysis of myosin I proteins and their receptor, verprolin, proteins implicated in actin assembly in yeast. Deletion of type I myosins or their receptor has no effect on the velocity of actin patch movement. However, these mutants show a 65% reduction in number of patch movements and a three-fold increase in patch lifetime. Finally, the actin patch resident proteins Abp1p, fimbrin, and Arp2p show normal association with actin patches in myosin I and verprolin mutants. However, cofilin accumulates in abnormal ‘bars’ of G-actin in myo3(Δ),myo5(Δ) and vrp1(Δ) strains, and Las17p/Bee1p is not associated with actin patches in vrp1(Δ) strains. These findings imply a multi-step process for actin patch assembly. Early events in this process, including assembly of Abp1p, fimbrin and Arp2p with F-actin, can occur throughout the cell and do not require myosin I proteins or their receptor. Later events in this process are myosin I-dependent, and are required for assembly of actin patches at sites of polarized cell surface growth. http://www.biologists.com/JCS/movies/jcs1990.html
On the Use of "Theory" and the Usefulness of Theory

Deux des auteurs concernes repondent aux critiques de trois articles (1988) remettant en question les methodes proposees par Greenwald et al. (1966) pour reduire le biais de confirmation faisant obstacle au progres de la recherche
Distribution-free estimators of variance components for multivariate linear mixed models

Non-iterative, distribution-free, and unbiased estimators of variance components including minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimators and the method of moments estimators are derived for multivariate linear mixed models. A general inter-cluster variance matrix, a same-member only general inter-response variance matrix, and an uncorrelated intra-cluster error structure for each response are assumed. Some properties of the proposed estimators such as unbiasedness and existence are discussed, and related computational issues are addressed. A simulation study is conducted to compare the proposed estimators with Gaussian (restricted) maximum likelihood estimators in terms of bias and mean square error. An application of gene expression family study is presented to illustrate the proposed estimators.
Geriatric sexual experiences: The seniors tell all

Abstract Aim To gain insight into the aging sexual health experiences and concerns of older adults aged 60 years or older. Background Despite the prevalence of sexual activity among older adults and the documented health benefits, little is known about how sexual health changes as individuals age. Methods Participants for this study were recruited through a local senior center and qualitative interviews were conducted. Results Eight older adults ( six female, two male ) between the ages of 62 and 95 participated in this study. Some participants commented that expression of sexuality changed due to partner's health. Some identified less sexual frequency and spontaneity, while others stated that they were now more open with their sexual relationship. Participants stated that they wished their or their partner's physicians would discuss their sexual needs. Conclusions Sexual changes reported by participants in this study were consistent with the research relating sexual health to overall health. The finding that half the sample did not discuss sexual problems with anyone highlights the opportunity for nursing research to further explore this phenomenon.
Electrical Conductivity and Structure of Nanocrystalline CeO2 Thin Films

The results of structural and electrical measurements of nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films are presented. A correlation between the electrical conductivity and microstructure has been observed and discussed. The electrical properties of nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films are attributed to a dominant role of grain boundary phase.
Xeroradiographic determination of effective setting expansion of a cristobalite investment.

Previous studies of setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investments have not examined how wax patterns expand with time. The purpose of this study was to provide a method of measuring wax patterns during the setting reaction. Ten MOD inlay wax patterns were invested individually in plastic casting rings and imaged at specific intervals on a stage on which both the rings and xeroradiographic cassettes were fixed. Distances between the axiogingival proximal walls, axiopulpal proximal walls, and axial walls were measured at each interval. Reproducibility of measurements of xeroradiographic images was about 0.3%. After setting, the wax was burned out, and the rings were cooled to room temperature and cast in a Bi-Sn alloy that did not shrink upon solidification. The castings were measured and the means compared with the means of xeroradiographic measurements. There was no significant difference between the expansion means of the axiogingival or axiopulpal dimensions measured by casting or xeroradiographically (p > 0.05 two-tailed t test). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were seen between means of the axial expansion measured by casting and xeroradiographically, suggesting the formation of a void at the gingival walls of the wax patterns. All horizontal expansion occurred between tow and 22 min from the start of mix.
Cascading activation from phonological planning to articulatory processes: Evidence from tongue twisters

Research into spoken word production has often focused on the interaction of lexical selection processes and phonological planning. Less attention has been given to the relationship between phonological planning and articulatory processes. The current study considers evidence from the tongue-twister paradigm to investigate such potential interactions. Acoustic analyses of various parameters of obstruents voicing in tongue twister productions show that errors induced in tongue twisters leave acoustic “traces” of the intended target. For example, the voice-onset time of “k”→[g] error tokens had a mean VOT that was longer than correctly produced “g”→[g] tokens, reflecting a trace of the voiceless [k] target. This effect is attributed to the cascade of partially activated phonological representations of the target consonant into articulatory processes. Consistent with this account, a post-hoc analysis revealed an additional influence of cascading activation from word-level processes; traces of the target were...
Development, Shake Table Testing, and Design of FRP Seismic Restrainers

The development and performance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) fabrics as an alternative to steel for restrainers to reduce bridge relative movements at hinges during earthquakes was explored. Glass, carbon, and hybrid (glass/carbon) restrainers were developed and tested on a representative in-span hinge using a shake table at the large-scale structures laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno. The components of the study presented in this article are: (1) the FRP restrainer development and testing; (2) comparisons among FRP, steel, and shape memory alloy restrainers; and (3) development and evaluation of a simple restrainer design method and a numerical example. Important findings of the study were that compared to steel restrainers, the FRP restrainers were effective in substantially reducing the relative hinge displacements and pounding at hinges. The method to develop the flexible portion of the FRP restrainers and the bond to superstructure was successful in accomplishing the target performance. The proposed restrainer design method provides a rational yet simple tool to design FRP or other types of restrainers.
216 cell microconcentrator module with moderate concentration, ±4° acceptance angle, and 13.3 mm focal length

We report on a demonstration prototype module created to explore the viability of using microscale solar cells combined with microlens array concentrators to create a thin, flat-plate concentrator module with a relatively large acceptance angle for use with coarse two-axis tracking systems designed for flat-plate, one-sun modules. The demonstration module was comprised of an array of 216 cell/microlens units and was manufactured using standard tools common to the integrated circuit, microelectromechanical system (MEMS), and electronics assembly industries. The module demonstrated an acceptance angle of ±4°, an optical concentration level of 36X, and a focal depth of 13.3 mm. The acceptance angle and focal depth of the system successfully demonstrated adequate performance for integration into a system using a coarse two-axis tracker for flat-plate modules. To fully take advantage of this system approach, significant future work is required to reduce optical losses, increase cell and module efficiency, reduce the focal length to approximately 5 mm, and increase the concentration level to greater than 100X while maintaining an acceptance angle of at least ±2°.
Applications of electrokymography based on a comparison with records from dimensional gauges in situ.

Abstract 1. 1. In order to clarify the range of usefulness of electrokymography, electrokymograms obtained with a Cambridge instrument have been compared with records obtained by installing recording devices measuring directly the dimensional changes of the left ventricle, the aorta, and the vena cava in intact dogs. The response of the electrokymograph to mechanically produced oscillations with fixed amplitude and varied frequency, and to sudden sustained displacement, was also recorded. 2. 2. With a simple electrokymographic recording system in which the design imposed certain frequency limitations, it was possible, nevertheless, to record accurately the dimensional changes reflected by in situ dimensional transducers. 3. 3. It is emphasized that the distortions imposed by this simple recording system are largely the results of its limited frequency range (1 to 7 cycles per second) and of the type of filtering circuit employed. A more elaborate electrokymographic system, now commercially available, eliminates these distorting factors. 4. 4. Finally, the little used densographic method of electrokymography was shown to be superior to border electrokymography in regard to reproduction of the actual dimensional change with minimal interference from positional change of the structure of interest.
Determination of the plutonium content in a spent fuel assembly by passive and active interrogation using a differential die-away instrument

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel approach to estimating the total plutonium content in a spent fuel assembly (SFA) that is based on combining information from a passive measurement of the total neutron count rate (PN) of the assayed SFA and a measure of its multiplication. While PN can be measured essentially with any non-destructive assay (NDA) technique capable of neutron detection, the measure of multiplication is, in our approach, determined by means of active interrogation using an instrument based on the Differential Die-Away technique (DDA). The DDA is a NDA technique developed within the U.S. Department of Energy's Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) project focused on the utilization of NDA techniques to determine the elemental plutonium content in commercial nuclear SFA's [1] . This approach was adopted since DDA also allows determination of other SFA characteristics, such as burnup, initial enrichment, and cooling time, and also allows for detection of certain types of diversion of nuclear material. The quantification of total plutonium is obtained using an analytical correlation function in terms of the observed PN and active multiplication. Although somewhat similar approaches relating Pu content with PN have been adopted in the past, we demonstrate by extensive simulation of the fuel irradiation and NDA process that our analytical method is independent of explicit knowledge of the initial enrichment, burnup, and an absolute value of the SFA's reactivity (i.e. multiplication factor). We show that when tested with MCNPX™ simulations comprising the 64 SFA NGSI Spent Fuel Library-1 we were able to determine elemental plutonium content, using just a few calibration parameters, with an average variation in the prediction of around 1–2% across the wide dynamic range of irradiation history parameters used, namely initial enrichment (IE=2–5%), burnup (BU=15–60 GWd/tU) and cooling time (CT=1–80 y). In this paper we describe the basic approach and the success obtained against synthetic data. We recognize that our synthetic data may not fully capture the rich behavior of actual irradiated fuel and the uncertainties of the practical measurements. However, this design study is based on a rather complete nuclide inventory and the correlations for Pu seem robust to variation of input. Thus it is concluded that the proposed method is sufficiently promising that further experimentally based work is desirable.
Atorvastatin inhibits RhoC function and limits head and neck cancer metastasis.

Summary Objective RhoC oncogene is a well characterized marker of metastasis in a majority of invasive cancers, including HNSCC. Elevated RhoC expression has been found to be associated with distant metastasis. Statins are a class of drugs that are used to reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity which in turns prevents mevalonate synthesis, which is a precursor for synthesis of cholesterol and prenylation. Interestingly, the proper function of Rho proteins depends on prenylation. Significantly, it has been reported that metastasis in human melanoma can be reduced by atorvastatin which inhibits RhoC activity by preventing its geranylgeranylation. Given that RhoC is a key oncogene involved in metastasis, we hypothesized Atorvastatin can reduce head and neck metastasis by inhibiting RhoC activity. Methods In vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the ability of Atorvastatin to inhibit RhoC function and HNSCC metastasis. Cell motility, proliferation, cell invasion, and colony formation assays were performed according to the standard protocols. Results Atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced the active form of RhoC in vitro and diminished cell motility, invasion, proliferation and colony formation. Importantly, we observed a significant decrease in p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 in Atorvastatin treated cell lines. In vivo experiments revealed inhibition of angiogenesis and lung metastases with Atorvastatin therapy. Conclusions This study is the first of its kind to establish a potential role of Atorvastatin in head and neck cancer therapy. These findings suggest that Atorvastatin can be a potential low risk adjuvant therapy to minimize metastases in aggressive forms of HNSCC.
High-level debugging of distributed systems: The behavioral abstraction approach

Most extant debugging aids force their users to think about errors in programs from a low-level, unit-at-a-time perspective. Such a perspective is inadequate for debugging large complex systems, particularly distributed systems. In this paper, we present a high-level approach to debugging that offers an alternative to the traditional techniques. We describe a language, edl, developed to support this high-level approach to debugging and outline a set of tools that has been constructed to effect this approach. The paper includes an example illustrating the approach and discusses a number of problems encountered while developing these debugging tools.
Kinetic analysis of monocarboxylate uptake into perfused rat hearts.

To test a prediction that trans-sarcolemmal lactate movement is carrier mediated, 14 C-labelled lactate or pyruvate and 3 H-mannitol were transiently infused (2 min) into aerobically perfused rat hearts that had been depleted of intracellular monocarboxylates by a 30 min pre-perfusion in the absence of substrates. Uptake was calculated from the difference between the level of 14 C-substrate predicted from the extracellular distribution of 3 H-mannitol and the actual level (corrected for 14 CO 2 contamination) measured in successive 20 s samples of effluent perfusate. Computer optimization analysis of the initial influx revealed that monocarboxlyate transport is not simply a question of diffusion. On the contrary, saturation and cross-inhibition ( K i , lactate 0.14±0.04 m m ; K i , pyruvate 2.2±0.4 m m ; K i , acetoacetate 6.2±0.9 m m ; and K i , 3-hydroxybutyrate 20±6.0 m m ) suggest that trans-sarcolemmal monocarboxylate movements are reversibly mediated by a high activity ( V max 34±7 μmol/min/g wet wt), low affinity lactate ( K m 6±2 m m ) permease. Further, studies into the effects of pH indicate that transport requires prior protonation of the carrier (p K a 7.1) and that lactate movements are driven by the displacement of the trans-sarcolemmal lactate and proton gradient from the Donnan equilibrium.
Simultaneous Cavitation Susceptibility Meter and Holographic Measurements of Nuclei in Liquids

Cavitation Susceptibility Meter (CSM) and holographic measurements of cavitation nuclei distributions are compared. The CSM optically detects cavitation in water samples flowing through a venturi and relates the unstable nuclei concentration to the applied tension in the fluid. A ruby laser holographic system measures the nuclei size distribution directly. Microbubbles have been used as the dominant nuclei source. The data from the two detection schemes are correlated by accounting for the dynamic response of the cavities in the venturi throat
Kinetics and modeling of autotrophic thiocyanate biodegradation.

The biokinetic parameters for autotrophic systems are difficult to obtain and are often mistakenly determined because the size of the autotrophic population in mixed (i.e., heterotrophic and autotrophic) cultures cannot be accurately estimated. This article presents a systematic approach, combining bioenergetic calculations and experimental data, to obtain values of the biokinetic parameters pertinent to the aerobic, autotrophic biodegradation of thiocyanate. Nonlinear regression techniques were employed using both initial thiocyanate utilization rate data and single thiocyanate depletion curves. Both types of data were necessary to overcome the problems arising from the linear nature of the substrate depletion curves and the high correlation of the biokinetic model parameters inherent in nonlinear regression analysis. The aerobic biodegradation of thiocyanate followed a substrate inhibition pattern that was successfully described by the Haldane–Andrews model. Although regression analysis did not yield unique biokinetic parameter estimates, the following parameter value ranges were obtained: maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k), 0.26 to 0.44 mg SCN−/mg biomass h; half-saturation coefficient (Ks), 2.3 to 7.1 mg SCN−/L; and inhibition coefficient (Ki), 28 to 109 mg SCN−/L. Based on the estimated biokinetic parameter values, a design and operation diagram was constructed that depicts the steady-state thiocyanate concentration as a function of solids retention time for a completely mixed, continuous-flow reactor. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 1–11, 1999.
Localization in ad hoc and sensor wireless networks with bounded errors

With the proliferation of wireless networks and mobile computingdevices, providing location-aware technology and services to new applicationshas become important for developers. Our main contribution is an efficientlocation discovery algorithm that bounds the localization error. Providing anefficient localization technique is critical in resource-constrained environmentsthat include mobile devices and wireless networked sensors. Applicable incentralized and distributed environments, our algorithm, based on finding thesmallest circle enclosing the intersection of n disks, runs in O(n2) time. Wethen extend our work to the problem of finding the smallest disk that includesthe set of points common to n disks and excluded from the interiors of mother disks. Finally, we show performance results from the implementation ofour algorithms in which, under some conditions, localization estimates for 500nodes in a 500×500 ft region can be found with a mean error of one foot and atwo-foot error bound.
Organizations' Information Security Policy Compliance: Stick or Carrot Approach?

Companies' information security efforts are often threatened by employee negligence and insider breach. To deal with these insider issues, this study draws on the compliance theory and the general deterrence theory to propose a research model in which the relations among coercive control, which has been advocated by scholars and widely practiced by companies; remunerative control, which is generally missing in both research and practice; and certainty of control are studied. A Web-based field experiment involving real-world employees in their natural settings was used to empirically test the model. While lending further support to the general deterrence theory, our findings highlight that reward enforcement, a remunerative control mechanism in the information systems security context, could be an alternative for organizations where sanctions do not successfully prevent violation. The significant interactions between punishment and reward found in the study further indicate a need for a more comprehensive ...
Neutron scattering by liquid HCI

Abstract The rational time correlation function obtained from the infrared vibrational band shape has been used to calculate the intensity of neutrons inelastically scattered by liquid HCI at 183°K. The agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory.
Chimerism for three genetic systems in tetraparental mice.

Abstract Nine tetraparental mice were generated by fusing pairs of eight-cell stage embryos. Each pair consisted of one C57B1/10SNJ and one C3H/HeJ embryo. These strains differ at many genetic loci. In this first communication, we report that simultaneous chimerism is readily obtainable when using gamma globulin, hemoglobin, and coat color marker differences. The ratios of chimerism obtained for gamma globulin bear an interesting relation to those for hemoglobin in a given animal. The relevance of this finding to the stem cell origins of these two systems is discussed. Simultaneous chimerism for all three systems also permits the calculation of an average lower limit for the number of cells initially induced to form each system.
Treatment of Symptomatic Syringomyelia with a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A case report with magnetic resonance scan correlation

This report describes a patient with communicating syringomyelia associated with enlarged cerebral ventricles who was managed by placing a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. His clinical improvement was rapid and dramatic. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance scans documents shrinkage of the cervical syrinx.
The Rise of Anatolian Cities and the Failure of the Modernization Paradigm

There are two dominant approaches to explain the emergence of liberal Islamic discourse in Turkey: one sees it as a politically savvy reaction to undemocratic constraints imposed by the political e...
Parity and time reversal violation tests in nuclear β-decay

Abstract Recent results for semileptonic and leptonic β- and μ-decay are reviewed, and the reports of unitarity violation in the quark mixing matrix, tensor currents in π − → e − v γ and non-maximal parity violation in asymmetry parameter measurements are discussed. It is shown that the constraints on time reversal violating scalar and tensor currents are more stringent than typically assumed.
Devising and Using a Computerized Diet: An Exploratory Study

This paper reports on a study in which 60 volunteers used computerized diets for two weeks to experience how consumers react to drastic changes in eating practices. The diets for the experiment were developed by linear programming techniques to be as nutritious as the Thrifty Food Plan but substantially lower in cost. The results suggest this procedure could be used for devising dietary guides for consumers tempted to try a food plan assuring nutritious meals at low cost.
Effects of acute and daily cocaine administration on performance under a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure

Abstract Food deprived pigeons were trained under a procedure in which trials began with the transillumination of one of three keys by red or green light. Pecking this key extinguished the light behind it and, after a variable delay (0.05, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 sec), was followed by illumination of the two other keys, one by red light and one by green. Pecks on the key that was the same color as the previously illuminated key could produce access to food. High levels of accuracy were obtained at all delays. The acute and chronic effects of cocaine on performance generated by this procedure (delayed-matching-to-sample) were studied. Acutely, cocaine (0.56–10.0 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in accuracy and in rate of completing trials. Accuracy at the longest delay was more sensitive to cocaine's effects. Daily administration of a comparatively large dose (5.6 mg/kg) resulted in tolerance to the rate-reducing and accuracy-reducing effects of large doses.
Development and testing of CMC components for automotive gas turbine engines

Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials are currently being developed and evaluated for advanced gas turbine engine components because of their high specific strength and resistance to catastrophic failure. Components with 2D and 3D composite architectures have been successfully designed and fabricated. This is an overview of the test results for a backplate, combustor, and a rotor.
Effective neutralization and neutralization epitope masking signatures for four anti-V3 mAbs

Effective antibody-mediated HIV-1 neutralization may be significantly diminished by factors such as epitope masking. Epitopes on HIV's surface envelope glycoprotein (gp120) may be masked either intrinsically, by glycans, or by occlusion by other protein regions. Previously, we quantitatively assessed neutralization epitope masking on a panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses (psVs), with or without specific mAb epitopes, based on IC50 neutralization data and monoclonal antibody (mAb) epitope sequence motifs obtained from Hioe et al. (2010) and Cardozo et al. (2009), respectively.Here, we conducted a similar study using data from a novel and statistical neutralization analysis method: area under the neutralization titration curves (AUC), data from Hioe et al. (2010). Using the panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses with and without specific mAb epitopes from our previous study, we were able to determine the epitope masking signatures for four mAbs: 2219, 3074, 447-52D and 2557 based on this AUC neutralization data. We also estimated the effective neutralization potential (EN) for each mAb. The effective neutralization score was calculated as: EN = (global conservation percentage) x [(100%-masked percentage)/100]where "global conservation percentage" is the percentage of circulating viruses containing the mAb targeted epitope, as taken from Swetnam et al. (2010); and "masked percentage" is the percentage of viruses containing a mAb-targeted epitope that were not neutralized.As in our previous study, we found the epitope targeted by mAb 2219 is the least masked overall, with the highest EN. Although interestingly, the neutralization epitope masking signature for each of the four mAbs was different when plotted from the AUC-based neutralization data versus from the IC50 values.Not only do different mAbs targeted to the same region of gp120 have different patterns of epitope masking in addition to a different distribution of their epitopes across circulating HIV-1 viruses, but different methods of neutralization activity analysis can also provide a different picture of effective neutralization and epitope masking.
High-Temperature Acoustic Sensors for Boiling Detection

A system utilizing immersed acoustic noise detectors to detect boiling is one possible solution to the problem of detecting loss of cooling in a fuel channel of a liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactor. Two models of a symmetric drive sensor incorporating lithium niobate as the piezoelectric element have been fabricated and tested for acoustic response in water at room temperature and in an air furnace up to 600°C. Sensitivities of both models were 500pC/bar, with acoustic response to 100kHz when immersed in water. The sensors were not adversely affected by exposure in the furnace. Decreasing internal resistance with increasing temperature limits the useful range of present models to about 540°C.
Retrieval practice improves memory in survivors of severe traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Objective To investigate whether retrieval practice (RP) improves delayed recall after short and long delays in survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to massed restudy (MR) and spaced restudy (SR). Design 3(learning condition: MR, SR, RP)×2(delayed recall: 30min, 1wk) within-subject experiment. Setting Nonprofit medical rehabilitation research center. Participants Memory-impaired ( Intervention During RP, patients are quizzed on to-be-learned information shortly after it is presented, such that patients practice retrieval. MR consists of repeated restudy (ie, cramming). SR consists of restudy trials separated in time (ie, distributed learning). Main Outcome Measures Forty-eight verbal paired associates (VPAs) were equally divided across 3 learning conditions (16 per condition). Delayed recall for one half of the VPAs was assessed after 30 minutes (8 per condition) and for the other half after 1 week (8 per condition). Results There was a large effect of learning condition after the short delay ( P 2 =.72), with much better recall of VPAs studied through RP (46.3%) relative to MR (12.5%) and SR (15.0%). This large effect of learning condition remained after the long delay ( P =.001, η 2 =.56), as patients recalled 11.3% of the VPAs studied through RP, but nothing through MR (0.0%) and only 1.3% through SR. That is, RP was essentially the only learning condition to result in successful recall after 1 week, with most patients recalling at least 1 VPA. Conclusions The robust effect of RP among TBI survivors with severe memory impairment engenders confidence that this strategy would work outside the laboratory to improve memory in real-life settings. Future randomized controlled trials of RP training are needed.
Molecular collisions, from warm to ultracold

This introductory article contrasts molecular collisions, particularly reactive collisions, in the familiar “warm” domain with the ultracold regime where the relative deBroglie wavelengths become long compared with the range of interaction of the collision partners. Ultracold collisions have much greater sensitivity to entrance channel interactions, so offer the prospect of tuning by external fields to control onset of reaction. However, for ultracold collisions, kinematic constraints impose severe limitations on the observable dynamical properties. In the exit channel for appreciably exoergic reactions, the deBroglie wavelengths become short, so the exit dynamics are much like those for warm collisions. Reactions of alkali dimers, halides, and monoxide molecules are discussed that seem especially congenial for cold collision studies.
Predictors of Grades Assigned by Graduate Teaching Assistants in Physical Education

Summary.-To determine possible predictors of grades assigned by graduate teaching assistants in physical educarion service programs, average grade assignments of 20 assistants for one quarter, collected over 2 yr., were compared with demographic data, teaching experience, GRE scores, total score on the Tennessee Self-concept Scale, and teachers' ratings. Bivariace correlations indicated that the average grade assigned by assisrants was related significantly to sex, marital status, and global self-concepr; however, age, teaching experience in public schools, total GRE scores, and students' ratings of teachers' effectiveness were not related significantly to the mean grades assigned to students. At the university level, much concern has been expressed about distribution of grades, inflation of grades, and various other aspects of grading. Considerable research has been conducted on grading patterns of university instructors (Duke, 1983), but there appears to be a scarcity of studies on grades assigned by graduate teaching assistants in physical education. Prather and Smith (1976) investigated grading patterns of over 1,000 instructors at a large public university. They reported that inscmctors, parttime faculcy, and graduate teaching assistants showed a pattezn of giving higher grades to students than did permanent faculty members. They found that the personal characteristics of sex, marital status, and minority status were not systematically related to grades assigned. Courses with higher relative gradlog patterns were those in curriculum and methods, special education, child development, and physical education. Courses with lower grades were those in accounting, music, mathematics, career education, computer science, chemistry, and business mathematics. Duke (1983) reported reliable grading differences among colleges, disciplines, and selected sets of instructors. He found also that the level of education (lower division, junior, senior/graduate) was associated with grading practice. Williams (1971), in a study of full-time junior college instructors, reported little difference in grading patterns of male and female faculty members. In general, instructors under 35 yr. of age were low graders and those in the age range of 35 to 55 yr. were high graders. Instructors in fine arts, physical education and recreation, health-related courses, and vocational courses were more likely to be high than lorn graders. Instructors showing a prob
Synthesis of RNA and protein during mitosis in mammalian tissue culture cells.

Abstract Chinese hamster and HeLa tissue culture cells were incubated in 3H uridine or 3H histidine for a few minutes to 1 hr. 3H-uridine incorporation stopped completely during mitosis and 3H-histidine incorporation was severely depressed. RNA synthesis ceased before nucleolar disappearance and before nuclear membrane disintegration. At the time of nuclear membrane breakdown the nucleolus disappeared and a large amount of nuclear RNA was released to the cytoplasm. Cells arrested in metaphase with colchicine for several hours did not synthesize RNA. The capacity of these cells to incorporate 3H histidine appeared to decline as the duration of metaphase arrest increased. During interphase 3H uridine was incorporated only into nuclear RNA for the first 20 min. Radioactive RNA began to appear in the cytoplasm 10 min later. The transfer of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm was faster for the more rapidly growing hamster cells than for HeLa. The nucleolus of hamster cells incorporated very little 3H histidine into protein.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of a potent substrate analog inhibitor identified by scanning Ala/Phe mutagenesis, mimicking substrate co-evolution, against multidrug-resistant HIV-1 protease

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolate-769, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protease (PDB ID: 1TW7), was shown to exhibit wide-open flaps and an expanded active site cavity, causing loss of contacts with protease inhibitors. In the current study, the expanded active site cavity of MDR769 HIV-1 protease was screened with a series of peptide-inhibitors that were designed to mimic the natural substrate cleavage site, capsid/p2. Scanning Ala/Phe chemical mutagenesis approach was incorporated into the design of the peptide series to mimic the substrate co-evolution. Among the peptides synthesized and evaluated, a lead peptide (6a) with potent activity (IC50: 4.4nM) was identified against the MDR769 HIV-1 protease. Isothermal titration calorimetry data showed favorable binding profile for 6a against both wild type and MDR769 HIV-1 protease variants. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of (15)N-labeled MDR769 HIV-1 protease in complex with 6a showed some major perturbations in chemical shift, supporting the peptide induced conformational changes in protease. Modeling analysis revealed multiple contacts between 6a and MDR769 HIV-1 protease. The lead peptide-inhibitor, 6a, with high potency and good binding profile can be used as the basis for developing potent small molecule inhibitors against MDR variants of HIV.
Glimpsing the Compositions of Sub-Neptune-Size Exoplanets

The growing number of transiting planets with mass constraints opens the possibility of applying a statistical approach to learn about the underlying population of planet compositions. We focus on the intriguing transition between rocky exoplanets and planets with voluminous gas layers, and explore how the current census of sub-Neptune-size exoplanets constrains the maximum radii of rocky planets. We outline a hierarchical Bayesian model approach to infer the fraction of planets that are dense enough to be rocky (as a function of planet radius). A preliminary analysis of the current sample of planets with mass and radius constraints reveals that most planets larger than 1.9 R ⊕ are too low density to be comprised of Fe and silicates alone.
Software development SRE needs

Today's software development environment requires tools and techniques for accurate, efficient evaluation of product reliability. To be successful, SRE must address the common, yet complex issues facing companies when assessing their product's reliability, such as the large number of customer usage scenarios, limited reliability evaluation times, and comparisons with competing products
Efficient light coupling between dielectric slot waveguide and plasmonic slot waveguide

An efficient coupler between a dielectric waveguide and a plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is proposed, modeled, fabricated, and characterized. Based on the platform of a silicon slot waveguide, a quasi-MIM plasmonic junction is formed via e-beam lithography and lift-off process. Coupling efficiency between the silicon slot waveguide and plasmonic waveguide up to 43% is obtained after normalizing to reference waveguides at 1550 nm. This coupling scheme can be potentially used for fast optical switching and small-footprint optical modulation.
Does a comprehensive rehydration regimen reduce neurologic complications associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

Does a comprehensive rehydration regimen reduce neurologic complications associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Effect of oil films on moisture vapor absorption on human hair

In this paper sorption and desorption of water vapor on hair fibers treated with various oils is investigated, using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) apparatus. Results show lower "equilibrium" sorption of moisture for various oil-treated samples compared to the untreated sample. Coconut oil-treated hair had a higher regain than mineral oil-treated hair. Although treating the hair samples with oil reduced moisture pickup, a considerable amount of moisture vapor was still able to penetrate into hair fibers. Calculated hysteresis plots show that the samples treated with different oils have slightly higher moisture retention at low relative humidities compared to that of the untreated sample, which suggests a beneficial effect. The calculated moisture diffusion coefficients for oil-treated samples were much lower compared to the untreated hair fibers, suggesting that surface oil films and penetrated oil molecules form a diffusion barrier. A moisture diffusion model is discussed in terms of the possible role of fiber swelling on restrictive narrowing of the cell membrane complexes (CMCs), which form the diffusion pathways in the fiber. The effect of film thickness on moisture absorption and the reverting of the sorption isotherm to that of the untreated hair after removal of the oil film shows that oil film is the main resistance to moisture diffusion. The lowering of the diffusion coefficient of water vapor by oil films will slow the loss of moisture, an effect similar to "moisturization" of hair.
Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures on the estimation of torsional effects in low-rise frame buildings

Abstract The capability of current nonlinear static procedures in capturing torsional effects was evaluated by comparing their estimates to the “exact” results, obtained from nonlinear response history analyses under a ground motion ensemble scaled to 3 different hazard levels. Two different types of eccentricities were considered. In the first case, the mass center of the floor of a symmetric plan structure was shifted in one direction to create a uni-directional eccentricity and in the other case a structure with a plan asymmetry in both horizontal directions was used. Results of numerical analyses show that far-fault and near-fault ground motions have similar influences on the displacement demand of structures as far as torsional effects are concerned. The recent nonlinear static procedures proposed for asymmetric buildings were found to be effective in capturing torsional effects whereas the classical nonlinear static procedure developed originally for planar systems significantly underestimates torsional rotation demands in structures.
Inhibition of growth and linoleate-enhanced metastasis of a transplantable mouse mammary tumor by indomethacin.

Abstract The influence of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (IM), on the metastasis, development and prostaglandin E (PGE) levels of line 4526 mammary tumors grown in mice fed high fat (HF, 20%, w w ) diets containing various levels of linoleic acid (18:2) was investigated. Control mice that grew primary tumors and were fed HF diets containing 12% 18:2 ( w w ) had 2–3 times the number of lung metastases than mice fed 1%, 4%, or 8% 18:2. Chronic treatment of mice with 10 μg/ml IM in drinking water reduced metastasis in 1% and 4% 18:2-fed mice compared to controls and completely inhibited the increased metastasis of mice fed the 12% 18:2 diet. Treatment with IM also increased the latency and decreased the growth rates of primary 4526 tumors of all dietary groups. Treatment of mice with a higher dosage of IM (20 μg/ml), decreased tumor metastasis even further compared to controls, but did not decrease tumor growth rate compared to the lower dosage of IM (10 μg/ml). Tumor PGE levels, measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), were decreased by IM treatment. These data provide evidence that arachidonic acid metabolites such as PGE may be involved in the metastasis of 4526 mammary tumors.
The effect of information about strategy on a three‐person game

Abstract : An experiment was conducted to determine whether information about alternative strategies in a competitive game would result in a shift from outcomes determined by perception of strength to outcomes in line with strictly rational analysis of power conditions. It ran triads first through an extended learning session, followed by an identical information session. In one set of triads, one member was provided with information about both strategies; in a second, two members were informed; and in a third, all three members were informed. Conditions were similar to those employed previously. Results are: sex differences occurred, with males displaying a predominantly exploitative strategy and females a typically accommodative strategy. In the critical power-patterns, when two players were weaker than the third, there was little evidence for a significant shift to an equal incidence of the three possible coalitions. Bargaining increased in the information session, but reached significance only for the female triads under two of the information conditions. There was no evidence that the specially informed players differed from the uninformed players in their ability to enter into coalitions. There is evidence that the chief effect of the information conditions was to increase motivation to win.
Numerical solution of the neutron transport equation

Abstract An outline of a procedure for directly solving the singular integral form of the one-speed neutron transport equation is given. The procedure is illustrated by considering the Milne problem and a one-region critical problem. Examples of numerical results obtained for these two problems are presented.
A potential new data source for assessing the impacts of health reform: Evaluating the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index

Abstract Background Existing national health-related surveys take several months or years to become available. The Affordable Care Act will bring rapid changes to the health care system in 2014. We analyzed the Gallup-Healthways׳ Well-Being Index (WBI) in order to assess its ability to provide real-time estimates of the impact of the ACA on key health-related outcomes. Methods We compared the Gallup-Healthways WBI to established surveys on demographics, health insurance, access to care, and health. Data sources were the Gallup-Healthways WBI, the Current Population Survey, the American Community Survey, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Demographic measures included age, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Insurance outcomes were coverage rates by type, state, and year. Access measures included having a usual source of care and experiencing cost-related delays in care. Health measures were self-reported health and history of specific diagnoses. Results Most differences across surveys were statistically significant ( p Conclusions The Gallup-Healthways WBI is a valuable complement to existing data sources for health services research. The Gallup-Healthways WBI estimates for uninsured rates and access to care were similar to established national surveys and may allow for rapid estimates of the ACA׳s impact on the uninsured in 2014. Estimates of insurance type are less comparable, particularly for public coverage, which likely limits the utility of the Gallup-Healthways WBI for analyzing changes in particular types of coverage.
What do mathematicians do

Music, what's the point? Steven Pinker has called it useless, with no adaptive value. Oliver Sacks and Daniel Levitin beg to differ. In their respective books Musicophilia and This is Your Brain on Music, they cite courtship and cognitive development among its purposes. Laura Garwin, once Nature's North American editor but now to be found in the concert hall, reviews both books. And with Laura's roots in the physical sciences, it is Galileo's way with a tune that seems to impress most. Other topics covered in the Autumn Books package include the nature of the scientific process, how mathematicians think, toxicity, and lab-lit.