cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-speed digital imaging of the larynx: recent advances.

Purpose of review This review presents recent advances in high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) of the larynx including data acquisition, data analysis, and clinical applicability. Recent findings Software designed to summarize the large amounts of data captured with HSDI makes it possible to quantitatively analyze recordings from patients, improving the accuracy of the methodology. The new software has been used in studies of normal individuals, increasing our knowledge of normal vocal fold vibratory behavior. HSDI has also been used in patient populations and shows promise in distinguishing various laryngeal conditions that are difficult to distinguish with other imaging modalities. Studies of postoperative patients with HSDI demonstrate the return of some vibratory characteristics but not others, potentially leading the way to improvements in surgical technique. Summary Recent advances in HSDI technology have increased the clinical usefulness of the imaging technology and recent studies demonstrate the clinical applicability of HSDI. However, challenges to widespread clinical use of HSDI remain.
On The Possibility Of Marx'S Moral Critique Of Capitalism

(1986). On The Possibility Of Marx'S Moral Critique Of Capitalism. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 130-144.
Modeling Lengthy Work-ups in Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Multiple procedures and medical devices are being used in a complex interplay to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model that helps in estimating the average number of procedures to be expected in the general management of gastrointestinal bleeding. The modeling process serves as an example of how mathematical analysis in general can be used to answer unresolved clinical questions, lead to a better understanding of the underlying influences in a disease process, and provide a starting point for future clinical trials. The analysis uses a Markov chain to model the transition probabilities among consecutive interventions used to find and treat a bleeding site. The results show that starting a work-up of gastrointestinal bleeding with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy will lead on average to 2.69 procedures per patient. Of these expected procedures, 1.46 will be esophagogastroduodenoscopies, 0.69 colonoscopies, 0.25 video capsule endoscopies, 0.14 double-balloon enteroscopies, and 0.14 procedures from interventional radiology. Management chains initiated with a colonoscopy result in similar outcomes. Among 10,000 simulated individual patients, the number of procedures varies between 1 and 16 consecutive procedures, with 95% of all patients undergoing 6 procedures or less. The outcomes of the model suggest that the published success rates of endoscopic and radiographic procedures are overly optimistic. The results also point to the need to generate clinical data through future studies that more reliably account for treatment failures and the interchange among various complementary diagnostic modalities.
Color Schlieren Imaging with Monochromatic Sources

Color, direction-indicating schlieren images are generated with a two-path system using monochromatic light. Two simultaneous views of physical processes are captured that can be combined into a single, synthesized color composite.
Dimensionality and size effects on the strength of fiber-reinforced composites

The tensile failure of fiber-reinforced composites in 2D (l-ply) and thin multi-ply samples has been studied numerically in order to assess the role of dimensionality on the absolute magnitude, reliability, and size scaling of composite strength. Single-ply tapes, often used in model calculations because of the simplifications attending the reduced dimensionality, and 2-ply tapes are shown to have (i) lower strengths than 4-ply specimens, with the latter approaching 'bulk' response, and (ii) broader failure probability distributions than 4-ply samples. These two effects together indicate that using a 1-ply or 2-ply geometry to investigate composite strength size effects and reliability, or to compare against real composites, is not quantitatively accurate. Calculations are also performed on the same systems but with fiber 'pull-out' loads, i.e. the residual load carrying capability of broken fibers in the composite, essentially eliminated. Such a model approximates the 'chain of bundles' models widely developed for prediction of composite failure. In the absence of fiber pull-out, the composite strength is much lower and again more broadly distributed. Overall, the present results suggest that simplified analytic and computational models based on a 2D tape geometry and/or neglecting fiber 'pull-out' must be viewed with caution in applications to real composite systems. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Temperature-induced synchrony and biochemical responses of Astasia longa grown on ethanol.

SYNOPSIS. Optimal growth of the colorless flagellate, Astasia longa, in terms of generation time occurred at 25–30 C. Above and below this interval, generation time increased. In contrast, length of the lag phase was constant over a wide temperature range, 18–32 C. At 13 C dry weight of Astasia was 15% greater than at 28.5. Alcohol-ether soluble material accounted for 72% of the dry weight increase at 13, while RNA and protein contents of the cells were the same at both temperatures. Rates of synthesis of dry weight, RNA, protein and lipid per μl oxygen consumed were all reduced at 13 C; however, lipid synthesis was the least affected. Cell division in Astasia was synchronized repetitively by cold (13–15 C) and warm (28.5 C) temperature cycles. Under best conditions, cell division began immediately at the onset of the warm period. Cellular preparations for cytokinesis apparently were at least partially completed in the cold, and raising the temperature released a block to cell division.
Wind power distribution over the ocean

[1] Probability distribution and power density of wind speed over global oceans are computed from eight years of QuikSCAT measurements. They describe the variation and higher moments of wind speed that are critical in relating the non-linear effects of wind on electric power generation capability, shipping hazard, and air-sea exchanges in heat, water, and greenhouse gases. The power density distribution confirms our general knowledge of atmospheric circulation related to mid-latitude storm tracks, trade winds, and monsoons. It also reveals regions of high wind power associated with flow distortion by land, wind channeled by land topography, and buoyancy effect on turbulent stress driven by ocean fronts.
A frequentistic and bayesian analysis of zellner's economic regression model under an informative prior

Vector-valued observations Y1,Y2,... arrive sequentially and satisfy the general linear model The Xi's are either random or known matrices and, given β and σ2, the are iid The parameter β is estimated by the Bayes estimator under the conjugate prior and subject to a loss structure that is the sum of the cost due to sampling and a predictive loss due to estimation error. We show that the myopic rule is asymptotically nondeficient in that the difference between its Bayes risk and the Bayes risk of the optimal procedure is of smaller order of magnitude than c, the cost of a single observation, as c → 0. The myopic stopping rule is also examined frequentistically through the use of nonlinear renewal theory.
Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance

Two Monte Carlo studies were conducted to examine the sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance at 3 commonly tested levels: factor loadings, intercepts, and residual variances. Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) appears to be more sensitive to lack of invariance in factor loadings than in intercepts or residual variances. Comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) appear to be equally sensitive to all 3 types of lack of invariance. The most intriguing finding is that changes in fit statistics are affected by the interaction between the pattern of invariance and the proportion of invariant items: when the pattern of lack of invariance is uniform, the relation is nonmonotonic, whereas when the pattern of lack of invariance is mixed, the relation is monotonic. Unequal sample sizes affect changes across all 3 levels of invariance: Changes are bigger when sample sizes are equal rather than when they are unequal. Cutoff points for t...
Rapid Transcription Fosters Coordinate snail Expression in the Drosophila Embryo

Transcription is commonly held to be a highly stochastic process, resulting in considerable heterogeneity of gene expression among the different cells in a population. Here, we employ quantitative in situ hybridization methods coupled with high-resolution imaging assays to measure the expression of snail, a developmental patterning gene necessary for coordinating the invagination of the mesoderm during gastrulation of the Drosophila embryo. Our measurements of steady-state mRNAs suggest that there is very little variation in snail expression across the different cells that make up the mesoderm and that synthesis approaches the kinetic limits of Pol II processivity. We propose that rapid transcription kinetics and negative autoregulation are responsible for the remarkable homogeneity of snail expression and the coordination of mesoderm invagination.
Chromospheric heating by acoustic shocks - A confrontation of GHRS observations of Alpha Tauri (K5 III) with ab initio calculations

We compare ab initio calculations of semiforbidden C II line profiles near 2325 A with recently published observations of the inactive red giant Alpha Tau (K5 III) obtained using the GHRS on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Our one-dimensional, time-dependent calculations assume that the chromosphere is heated by stochastic acoustic shocks generated by photospheric convection. We calculate various models using results from traditional (mixing length) convection zone calculations as input to hydrodynamical models. The semiforbidden C II line profiles and ratios provide sensitive diagnostics of chromospheric velocity fields, electron densities, and temperatures. We identify major differences between observed and computed line profiles which are related to basic gas dynamics and which are probably not due to technical modeling restrictions. If the GHRS observations are representative of chromospheric conditions at all epochs, then one (or more) of our model assumptions must be incorrect. Several possibilities are examined. We predict time variability of semiforbidden C II lines for comparison with observations. Based upon data from the IUE archives, we argue that photospheric motions associated with supergranulation or global pulsation modes are unimportant in heating the chromosphere of Alpha Tau.
Editorial [EIC Y. Taur steps down]

It has been a privilege to serve as the Editor-in- Chief of the IEEE Electron Device Letters (EDL) - a premier publication in the field of microelectronics, for the past 12 years. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the authors, editors, reviewers, and staff, and the EDS Publication Office, for their invaluable contributions which made the publication of EDL possible. I also wish the best of luck to the new Editor-in- Chief, Amitava Chatterjee. I have no doubt that this publication will continue to flourish under his leadership for years to come.
Recombination within the nonstructural genes of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) generates functional levels of wild-type NS1, which can be detected in the absence of selective pressure following transfection of nonreplicating plasmids.

Recombination within the coding region of the nonstructural genes of minute virus of mice (MVM), which generates functional levels of wild-type NS1, was observed in the absence of selective pressure following cotransfection of nonreplicating plasmids. P38 activity was used as a measure of recombinant NS1 production, which, together with direct detection of recombinant-generated products by RT-PCR, allowed an estimation of recombination efficiency. In addition, we show that very low levels of wild-type NS1 were able to significantly transactivate P38. Given that recombination following cotransfection can generate NS1 at these levels, our observations have implications for the study of parvoviral genetics, the construction of recombinant parvoviral vectors for gene therapy applications, and perhaps other systems using cotransfection of plasmids that share homologous sequences.
A recursive technique for rendering parametric curves

Abstract A method is developed for recursively drawing parametric curves. The advantage of this method is that it avoids the problem of having to choose the subdivision of the parametric interval.
Massachusetts’ advertising against light cigarettes appears to change beliefs and behavior

Abstract Objectives: This study examined the effects of advertising directed against light cigarettes (lights). Methods: In a quasi-experimental post-test-only design, smokers and ex-smokers (≤1 year) in Massachusetts (MASS) ( N =500) and the continental United States (U.S.) ( N =501) took part in random-digit dialing telephone interviews. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to control for gender, education, and age effects. Results: Compared with the U.S., the MASS sample contained more, recent ex-smokers (10% vs. 7% in the U.S.) and more smokers of higher tar cigarettes (44% vs. 35% smokers of regular cigarettes); more U.S. respondents thought lights had at least a slim chance of reducing the risk of health problems (49% vs. 32%). Within MASS, smokers who saw anti-light ads were less likely to think lights decreased the risk of health problems (26% vs. 44%) and more likely to know of filter vents (64% vs. 47%). These effects remained statistically reliable after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: Amidst extensive anti-smoking efforts, the MASS campaign to counter-market light cigarettes appears to promote smoking cessation and to inform smokers of the risks of light cigarettes. Further counter-marketing efforts should be encouraged.
Agriculture and Energy Use in the Year 2000

Energy-use projections based on some of the forces shaping the agriculture industry are outlined, and it is recommended that policies allow the price mechanism to operate rather than let allocations and price controls discourage energy development investments. Basic fuel use and energy applications are expected to continue until 2000. A sectoral analysis of energy use by fuel type shows how various fuels are applied in the food system and suggests there are good reasons for each choice. Changes in the method of application before 2000 will occur if either the availability or relative prices of fuels is altered enough to cause fuel or product substitution. Fuel shortages due to distribution problems and population growth are seen to promote more substitution, although investments could be channeled toward fuel storage instead of alternative fuels. Some renewable fuels will be introduced as gas prices rise, but tested procedures will continue to avoid unknown risks. Consumer preference, which dictates the form and quality of food products, may give way to an emphasis on nutritional value. 10 references.
Opioid involvement in behavior modifications of mice infected with the parasitic nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Abstract Several studies have documented the opiate effects of parasitic infection on experimental animals. The current study examined the relationships between infection with the intestinal nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis with analgesia and activity levels. Male white mice infected with N. brasiliensis displayed a significant increase in thermal latency thresholds that rose through the duration of infection and subsided with its termination. Analgesia first became apparent on day three-post infection but did not reach statistical significance (p
Enhancement of RNA labeling in iris and lens by wounding cornea

Abstract Lentectomy of the newt eye leads to formation of the lens from the iris. The initial event which occurs in the iris after lentectomy is enhancement of uridine incorporation into RNA. The present data demonstrate that surgery on the cornea without lentectomy enhances uridine incorporation into iris RNA. However, the profile of incorporation after cornea surgery is different from that after lentectomy. Furthermore, cornea surgery fails to cause the high level of incorporation of thymidine into iris which occurs after lentectomy. Cornea surgery also causes enhancement of uridine incorporation into lens RNA with a profile different from that in iris RNA.
Rheology of Silica Dispersions in Organic Liquids: New Evidence for Solvation Forces Dictated by Hydrogen Bonding

Dispersions of hydrophilic fumed silica are investigated in a range of polar organic media. The silica forms stable, low-viscosity sols exhibiting shear thickening behavior in a host of liquids, including ethylene glycol and its oligomers and short-chain alcohols, such as n-propanol. In contrast, the silica flocculates into colloidal gels in other liquids, such as glycols with methyl end-caps and longer-chain alcohols. We suggest that there is a causal relationship between the hydrogen-bonding ability of the liquid and the colloidal microstructure observed. In strongly hydrogen-bonding liquids, a solvation layer is envisioned to form on the silica surface through hydrogen bonding between liquid molecules and surface silanol groups (Si−OH). This gives rise to short-range, non-DLVO repulsions (“solvation forces”) which stabilize the silica particles. In contrast, in the case of liquids with limited hydrogen-bonding ability, silanols on adjacent silica particles are envisioned to interact directly by hydroge...
Changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

The portion of the West Antarctic ice sheet that flows into the Ross Sea is thinning in some places and thickening in others. These changes are not caused by any current climatic change, but by the combination of a delayed response to the end of the last global glacial cycle and an internal instability. The near-future impact of the ice sheet on global sea level is largely due to processes internal to the movement of the ice sheet, and not so much to the threat of a possible greenhouse warming. Thus the near-term future of the ice sheet is already determined. However, too little of the ice sheet has been surveyed to predict its overall future behavior.
Periodic Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Quantum Well Oscillator

A small-signal and large-signal analysis of a traveling wave structure implemented by periodically loading a parallel-plate waveguide with QWITT diodes is presented. The analysis starts with a self-consistent, large-signal model for the diode. The diode model is then coupled to a model for the waveguide circuit and solved using the harmonic balance technique. The output power as a function of frequency for three harmonics for a QWITT oscillator is determined. Our results emphasize the importance of obtaining the ac voltage modulation self-consistently from the circuit when calculating the output power obtained from a QWITT oscillator. The oscillation frequency of the multiple-diode circuit is determined primarily by the periodicity of the structure. The physical dimensions of the waveguide facilitate monolithic fabrication of the oscillator circuit.
The sublimation thermodynamics of zinc(II) fluoride

The congruent sublimation of ZnF2 to the gaseous monomer has been studied by targetcollection Knudsen-effusion techniques over the temperature range 901 to 1125 K. The vapour pressures of solid ZnF2 may be represented by log 10 { p ( Zn F 2 ) / atm } = − ( 1318 5 ± 7 2 ) K / T + ( 8.43 7 ± 0.07 1 ) . At 1015 K, ΔHos = (60.33±0.33) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSos = (38.60±0.33) calthK−1 mol−1. Combination of these second-law results with estimated and measured heat capacities yields ΔHo(298.15 K) = (64.01±0.90) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSo(298.15 K) = (44.5±1.2) calth K−1 mol−1 for the sublimation reaction. At an extrapolated normal boiling temperature of (1695±50) K, ΔHov = (46.9±1.6) kcalth mol−1 and ΔSov = (27.7±1.2) calth K−1 mol−1. Third-law values were derived by use of thermal functions based on two models.
Proposed morphologic classification of prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation

On July 31, 2013, the Prostate Cancer Foundation assembled a working committee on the molecular biology and pathologic classification of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer. New clinical and molecular data emerging from prostate cancers treated by contemporary androgen deprivation
Use of thermodesorption technique for studying gas adsorption: Carbon monoxide on nickel

Abstract The adsorption of carbon monoxide on a nickel sample with {111} and {100} faces exposed has been studied by the thermodesorption technique. Both oxidation-reduction and argon-ion bombardment have been used to clean the surface. The effect of annealing after argon-ion bombardment has been determined. Thermo-desorption peaks for states with activation energies of desorption of 13, 27, and 39 kcal/mole were identified. The activation entropy of desorption was obtained and found to increase linearly with the square root of the activation energy. The presence of hydrogen during carbon monoxide adsorption at elevated temperatures gave rise to a new carbon monoxide state of higher desorption energy.
Delta mission planning in the Shuttle transition era

Delta mission planning is aimed at providing Shuttle transition era user support which is flexible, dependable, and reliable. The flexibility of support is being enhanced by the development of a new Delta vehicle model, the 3920, capable of providing backup compatible performance for Shuttle SSUS-D (solid spinning upper stage) users. Reliable interfaces, flexible scheduling policies, and new launch facilities will help satisfy increased user demand.
Frequent inactivation of the p16 gene in human pituitary tumors by gene methylation

Rodent models of pituitary tumorigenesis have implicated the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway in the development of pituitary tumors. Previously, we reported that loss of p16 expression rather than loss of Rb occurs in most human pituitary adenomas. This alteration in these tumors is not associated with p16 mutation or frequent homozygous p16 gene loss. Our laboratory has now demonstrated that in most human pituitary tumors, the 5' CpG island of the p16 gene is extensively methylated. The high frequency of p16 gene methylation in human pituitary tumors suggests that this alteration is an early and perhaps required event in pituitary cell transformation.
Analyzing Developmental Processes on an Individual Level Using Nonstationary Time Series Modeling.

Individuals change over time, often in complex ways. Generally, studies of change over time have combined individuals into groups for analysis, which is inappropriate in most, if not all, studies of development. The authors explain how to identify appropriate levels of analysis (individual vs. group) and demonstrate how to estimate changes in developmental processes over time using a multivariate nonstationary time series model. They apply this model to describe the changing relationships between a biological son and father and a stepson and stepfather at the individual level. The authors also explain how to use an extended Kalman filter with iteration and smoothing estimator to capture how dynamics change over time. Finally, they suggest further applications of the multivariate nonstationary time series model and detail the next steps in the development of statistical models used to analyze individual-level data.
The association between body mass index and clinical outcomes in acute lung injury.

Abstract Background:The association between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in critically ill patients is unclear. Our objective was to determine the association between BMI and outcomes in a population-based cohort of patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Methods:In a prospective cohort study of all ICU patients in King County, Washington, with ALI in 1 year (1999 to 2000), 825 patients had a BMI recorded. Using multivariate analysis, patients in the abnormal BMI groups were compared to normal patients in the following areas: mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, duration of mechanical ventilation, and discharge disposition. Results:There was no mortality difference in any of the abnormal BMI groups compared to normal-weight patients. Severely obese patients had longer hospital LOS than normal-weight patients (mean increase, 10.5 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8 to 16.2 days; p Conclusions:BMI is not associated with mortality in patients with ALI, but severe obesity is associated with increased morbidity and resource utilization in the hospital and after discharge.
Rural hospital-based alcohol and chemical abuse services: availability and adoption, 1983-1988.

Data from a 1983-88 retrospective panel study of 797 rural (non-Metropolitan Statistical Area) U.S. hospitals revealed that less than one in five (18.7%) had any alcohol and chemical abuse (ACA) service. About one-third of both inpatient and outpatient services had been established during the study period, but few hospitals not offering these services planned to offer them in the immediate future. These findings support other studies that the availability of such services may not meet population need or demand, although non-hospital-sponsored services might partially fill the gap. Bivariate analysis showed that hospital locations in counties that were more densely populated, had higher per capita income and had more physicians per 1,000 population were positively associated with ACA services. Hospitals that were in the New England, Mid-Atlantic, East North Central census divisions, and were large according to number of beds, presence of psychiatric services, availability of psychiatrists and other nonphysician personnel, certain organizational arrangements and strategic management activities were positively associated with ACA services. Multivariable logistic regression suggested the presence of psychiatric services as a key correlate of ACA services, and the scarcity of psychiatric personnel in rural areas appears to have been a major reason for the infrequency of rural hospital-sponsored ACA services.
Water uptake profile in a model ion-exchange membrane: Conditions for water-rich channels

Ionic conductivity in a polymeric fuel cell requires water uptake. Previous theoretical studies of water uptake used idealized parameters. We report a parameter-free prediction of the water-swelling behavior of a model fuel cell membrane. The model polymers, poly(methyl-butylene)-block-poly(vinylbenzyl-trimethylamine), form lamellar domains that absorb water in humid air. We use the Scheutjens-Fleer methodology to predict the resulting change in lamellar structure and compare with x-ray scattering. The results suggest locally uniform water distributions. However, under conditions where a PVBTMA and water mixture phase-separate, the two phases arrange into stripes with a dilute stripe sandwiched between two concentrated stripes. A small amount of water enhances conductivity most when it is partitioned into such channels, improving fuel-cell performance.
Embryo-derived teratocarcinoma. IV. The role of immune factors in the regulation of teratocarcinogenesis.

Seven-day-old mouse embryos were transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic recipients which were either X-irradiated, treated with cyclophosphamide, splenectomized or immunized with teratocarcinoma cell lines prior to embryonic transplantation. The yield of malignant tumors was decreased in preirradiated, as well as in cyclophosphamide-pretreated animals, as compared with untreated hosts. The effect of the pre-treatment could be fully abrogated by allowing animals to spontaneously recover for 4 weeks or by adoptive transfer of thymus cells from untreated animals. Partial recovery was obtained by the adoptive transfer of spleen cells. Splenectomy at the time of embryonic transplantation did not affect the embryo-derived teratocarcinogenesis in C3H mice but reduced the yield of malignancy and the weight of tumors produced in C57BL/6 mice. Immunization of hosts with teratocarcinoma cells did not influence the subsequent embryo-derived teratocarcinogenesis. These data indicate that embryo-derived teratocarcinogenesis is regulated by X-ray and cyclophosphamide-sensitive cells residing in the thymus and the spleen. The permissiveness to teratocarcinogenesis seems to be a function of the total number of these regulatory cells in the host.
Molecular biology of prostate cancer

Carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) is a very prevalent tumor among men. However thus far, relatively little information is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the development, progression and metastasis of this disease. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of five selected molecular aspects of human CaP: tumor suppressor genes, metastasis suppressor genes and related biological events (allelic loss and DNA methylation), oncogenes (including growth factors and their receptors), the anti-apoptosis gene BCL2, and the human androgen receptor gene (hAR). Alterations of these genes in structure and expression as well as the frequencies of these molecular events are discussed to synthesize an understanding of documented genetic alterations that occur in CaP and their possible relation to the biology of the disease.
How tumours escape mass destruction

It is now well established that the immune system can control neoplastic development and growth in a process termed immunosurveillance. A link between host immunosurveillance and neoplastic progression is revealed in cases where the immune response becomes compromised due to genetic or other pathological conditions, resulting in a substantially increased incidence and rate of spontaneous tumour formation in both preclinical animal models and patients. It has also been demonstrated in tumour-bearing hosts that the tumorigenic process itself can promote a state of immunosuppression that, in turn, facilitates neoplastic progression. The ability of neoplastic populations to induce a hostile microenvironment through both cell contact-dependent and -independent immunosuppressive networks is a significant barrier to effective cell-mediated immunity and immunotherapy. Thus, a competent immune system is integral for the control of neoplastic disease, and dissecting the plethora of tumour escape mechanisms that disrupt this essential host defense capability is integral for the development of effective immunotherapeutic paradigms.
A molecular basis for genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Abstract HLA-DQ molecules, which mediate immune responsiveness, may specify susceptibility and resistance to the autoimmune disease insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A model describing the role of HLA-DQ gene products in disease pathogenesis and in protection against the onset of diabetes is presented.
A simple model for protection against environmental pollution in reactive coating films

Abstract A simple prototype model for protection against an environmental pollutant ( W ) in reactive coating films with an incorporated catalyst is studied. The model involves a coreactant (e.g., O 2 ) and the mechanism of reaction is assumed to be Cat + O 2 ⇄ k−1 k Cat-O 2 , Cat-O 2 → k2 products + Cat The system of dimensionless partial differential equations for this reaction-diffusion problem is derived. The unique steady state solutions are obtained analytically. The nonsteady states are studied numerically for the problem of sorption of W into the film and the desorption of W from a film which previously has achieved its steady state of sorption. Certain complicating features due to simple modifications of this mechanism (e.g., Langmuirian kinetics, catalyst poisoning, and a back reaction involving a product) are also briefly discussed.
On the inadequacy of sufficient conditions under ‘limited information’ identification

Abstract It is shown that the sufficiency conditions of Hausman and Taylor are misleading since their conditions, under ‘limited information’ could show an equation identified when, actually (under full information) it is not.
Involvement of glutathione enzymes in O2 tolerance development by diethyldithiocarbamate

Abstract Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in high doses (⩾ 250 mg/kg) accelerated the onset of death in adult rats exposed to 95% O2. At lower doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) no increase in O2 toxicity was seen. We observed that, at a level of 250 mg/kg, DDC accelerated the death of 26 per cent of the animals but a large number (50 per cent) developed resistance to the lethal effects of 95% O2. These animals also demonstrated an acceleration of the rate of increase in activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in response to O2, compared to untreated controls. No acceleration in the rate of increase of superoxide dismutase activity was seen. These data support a role of the glutathione-related enzymes in promoting O2 tolerance in rats.
The High Line. Nueva York, EE.UU.

The abandonment of built infrastructure has created deteriorated and sensitive urban zones. The High Line, the old elevated train line in Manhattan west, is ...
Frontal polymerization with monofunctional and difunctional ionic liquid monomers

For the first time, we studied frontal polymerization with ionic liquid monomers. We synthesized a series of compounds from the neutralization reaction between trialkylamines (tributylamine, trihexylamine, trioctylamine, and (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and acrylic or methacrylic acid. For the ionic liquids prepared from the unreactive amines, frontal polymerization could not be achieved without the addition of a diacrylate. With the addition of a diacrylate, the front velocities were slower than for dodecyl acrylate (with the diacrylate), a compound of comparable molecular weight. Monomers prepared from the (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate could support frontal polymerization alone but the front velocities were lower than dodecyl (meth)acrylate. These results are contrasted with recent results of Jimenez et al. for room temperature kinetics. Finally, the polymers prepared were comparable to those prepared by batch curing at 75 °C except for the monomethacrylate ionic liquid, which lost some tertiary amine by dissociation and evaporation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2745–2754, 2007
A model of fixed activation time scheduling

Abstract A model for the fixed activation time scheduling of events is presented. Activation time is defined as the time needed for an event to regain dominance in the stream of events measured from the point in time at which it lost dominance. The fixed activation time scheduling rule states that some event must be ongoing at all times, that an ongoing event will continue until interrupted by another event, that every event has a predetermined activation time and that fulfilling the activation time requirement is the necessary and sufficient condition for an event to interrupt an ongoing event. The last condition sets this rule apart from those employed in quequeing theory since it does not allow events to be completed or queues to form. Derivations from the model concerning the dynamic organization of the stream of events, written in terms of the frequency and duration of events and the transitions between pairs of events, are given. Special attention is paid to issues that arise in deciding on the coding of events. It is suggested that the fixed activation time scheduling rule will apply to a wide variety of settings, environmental and behavioral, and this is illustrated by a detailed application of the model to observations on the stream of free behavior.
Differences in land ownership, fire management objectives and source data matter: a reply to Hanson and Odion (2014)

We respond to Hanson and Odion (2014), who claim in this journal (vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–8) that their reanalysis of fire severity patterns in and around the Sierra Nevada refutes earlier work showing increases in fire severity in certain forest types over the last 3 decades. Hanson and Odion base their reanalysis on a highly inaccurate, very coarse-scale, and geographically misregistered vegetation map. Also, in contrast to the previous work, which was restricted to wildfires on Forest Service lands in forest types differentiated by their fire regimes, Hanson and Odion combine all types of fires on lands of all jurisdictions and stratify by very broad, unorthodox vegetation types that conjoin very different fire regimes. As such, their work does not constitute a test of the previous work. We present analyses that demonstrate sources of error associated with Hanson and Odion’s data and the analyses they perform, and explore how that error might confound their results. Fundamental and compounded problems in Hanson and Odion (2014) cast strong doubt on their conclusions.
Josephson current in proximity junction

The thickness and temperature dependence of the maximum dc Josephson current in the presence of proximity system is investigated. The method of thermodynamic Green's function is applied. The effect of strong coupling is taken into account.
Successful prevention may not be enough: A case study of how managing a threat triggers a threat

Abstract This case study examines student perceptions of a university's management of an alleged threat against their campus that was posted on Facebook. The timeline of events describes how the university's threat prevention response triggered a rumor crisis due to incomplete and poorly timed official information dissemination. A convenience sample of students completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of informal and formal communication about the alleged threat, satisfaction with threat prevention, and perceptions of the emergency text message system. Satisfaction with the university's response varied by students’ feelings of information adequacy. Some students resisted registering for the emergency notification system.
Release of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Binding Protein Activity into Serum-Free Medium of Cultured Human Fibroblasts

We have studied insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins released by human fibroblasts. Conditioned medium was obtained after incubation of 2 × 106 cells in 2 ml serum-free medium for 72 h. IGF binding protein was identified in aliquots of conditioned medium at 4 C for 16 h with [125]IGF II after charcoal separation. After gel filtration in neutral phosphate buffer through Sephadex G-150, the binding activity eluted with an apparent size greater than 100,000 daltons. After gel filtration through Bio-Rad P-100 in 1 m acetic acid, binding activity had a molecular size of about 50,000 daltons. When [125I]IGF-II bound to conditioned medium binding protein was cross-linked with disuccimidyl suberate and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the complex had an estimated molecular size of 67,000 daltons. Competitive binding studies with labeled and unlabeled IGF-I and IGF-II showed that IGF-II was preferentially bound by fibroblast binding protein. The above f...
Serum gonadotropin concentrations in intact and castrated neonatal rats.

Serum concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin were measured in neonatal rats. Intact male pups consistently showed low levels of FSH and LH, but serum levels of both these hormones were increased several-fold one day after castration. The response to castration was greater in 5- to 10-day-old males as compared to younger animals. Indeed, the gonadotropin levels in 5- to 10-day-old castrates were about as high as those seen in adult males which had been castrated for one day. Female pups displayed variable serum LH levels, but both LH and FSH levels were considerably higher than those observed either in males of the same ages or in adult diestrous females. Serum prolactin levels were low in pups of both sexes as compared to adult rats. (Endocrinology 88: 771, 1971)
Career Stage Analysis of Women Civil Engineering Faculty Perceptions of Job Satisfaction

AbstractIn the past several decades, women have entered the engineering profession in larger numbers across the United States. Concurrently, a larger percentage of women have entered engineering academia, although they are still greatly outnumbered by male faculty. Although the numbers and progress of women in engineering academia are the subject of ongoing study, there was a lack of detailed analysis specifically of woman civil engineering faculty. One of the objectives of this study was to examine the perceptions of job satisfaction by woman civil engineering faculty relating to issues specific to academia to assess whether perceptions vary across the different academic ranks. Data were collected by designing a survey and distributing it to all woman civil engineering faculty from universities with ABET accredited civil engineering programs within the United States. The data collected included demographic variables, and perceptions of job satisfaction, available mentoring, academic climate, and sense of...
Comparing anisotropic displacement parameters in protein structures

The increasingly widespread use of synchrotron-radiation sources and cryo-preparation of samples in macromolecular crystallography has led to a dramatic increase in the number of macromolecular structures determined at atomic or near-atomic resolution. This permits expansion of the structural model to include anisotropic displacement parameters Uij for individual atoms. In order to explore the physical significance of these parameters in protein structures, it is useful to be able to compare quantitatively the electron-density distribution described by the refined Uij values associated with corresponding crystallographically independent atoms. This paper presents the derivation of an easily calculated correlation coefficient in real space between two atoms modeled with anisotropic displacement parameters. This measure is used to investigate the degree of similarity between chemically equivalent but crystallographically independent atoms in the set of protein structural models currently available from the Protein Data Bank.
A Longitudinal Study of Patients with Severe Developmental Disorders of Language Learning

Longitudinal data on 28 children diagnosed during the past decade as aphasic are reported. These subjects have been involved in a series of studies on the biological, psychological, social, and linguistic correlates of neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. Results reveal that half this group of children with severe language deficits evidence some features similar to autism. Progress in language and behavioral areas is generally modest at best, although a few subjects make great gains. Children with and without autistic characteristics who have some strengths in the comprehension of language tend to make gains in social engagement, even if social skills were very poor to begin with. The implications of these; findings for research into the natural history of developmental language disorders are discussed.
Self-handicapping following learned helplessness treatment and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern.

Abstract This investigation examined the choice of either a performance enhancing or a performance inhibiting drug among coronary-prone (Type A) and non-coronary-prone (Type B) men after contingent feedback (success) or non-contingent feedback (failure) on a task. All subjects expected to work on a similar task under the influence of the drug. Type A's in the failure condition chose the performance inhibiting drug significantly more often than Type A's in the success condition or Type B's in either condition. The results were discussed in terms of differences in attributional strategies among Type A's and B's, which could possibly mediate the relationship between Type A, helplessness and heart disease.
Engineering Virtual Studio Online context and community for underclassmen engineers

Myopia on foundations early in undergraduate work is pandemic throughout STEM undergraduate training. This “sink or swim” foundational approach begets attrition and reduced motivation, engagement, and performance for those rugged students who stay in the major. Current approaches to alleviating this myopia, including integrative curricula and extracurricula, provide some context and community, but require great faculty and staff effort, and often requires onerous changes to the base curriculum, while leaving students stranded segueing into the sophomore year. Here we introduce and report on an initial pilot of an online alternative. Our one-credit, pass/fail course, Engineering Virtual Studio (EVS), provides explicit connections between foundational courses and real-world products and problems. The course also fosters both scholarly and pre-professional identity building as constant processes. We report on the course design, work in progress in our pilot year, and opportunity for improvement.
Hearing versus experiencing: The impact of a short-term study abroad experience in China on students perceptions regarding globalization and cultural awareness

Abstract This study examined the impact on learning outcomes of 15 agricultural students participating in a two-part course entitled China: Globalization, Agriculture and Environment. The first part of the course was taken in the classroom in March–April 2008 and the second part was a 16-day study abroad course in China in May 2008. An identical questionnaire of 46 questions was completed by the students at the end of each part of the course and the outcomes, in terms of the changes in the knowledge and attitudes of the students, were determined by analyzing changes in their responses on the two occasions. Paired data two-tail T-tests were used to determine the significance of changes between the classroom and study abroad activities. We found that the experience contributed minimally to the students’ knowledge of Chinese agriculture and environmental issues or to their understanding of the general nature of the global economy, above and beyond the classroom part of the course. In contrast, the study abroad experience profoundly altered the students’ cultural self awareness and outlook on global political issues. The study experience in China consolidated our theme areas of study, but the most tangible learning outcomes were not in the realms of globalization, agriculture or the environment, but in the cultural and personal development of students. We conclude, therefore, that the specific subject studied during study abroad experiences may be less important than the very fact that study is undertaken abroad. We also conclude that significant personal development can be achieved even on very short study abroad experiences.