cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Negative Affect and Physiological Regulation in maternal attribution.

SYNOPSISObjective. Mothers who attribute child misbehaviors to children’s intentions, and not to situational causes, show more hostile parenting behaviors. Why are some mothers more likely than others to make more hostile attributions (i.e., high intentional attributions and low situational attributions) when confronted with child challenging behaviors? We examined the relation between mothers’ perception of child challenging behaviors and their hostile attributions of child misbehaviors, with an emphasis on how maternal negative affect and resting vagal activity moderated this relation. Design. One hundred sixty mothers of 3- to 7-year-old children reported their perceptions of child problem behaviors, their attributions regarding child misbehaviors, and their temperamental negative affect. Mothers’ respiratory sinus arrhythmia was measured during resting state. Results. Maternal perceptions of child challenging behaviors were positively related to hostile maternal attributions, and this relation was str...
METALINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE AT PLAY: USING COMMON CORE EN ESPAÑOL TO DEVELOP TEACHING-SPECIFIC SPANISH COMPETENCIES IN BILINGUAL TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE U.S.A.

The present article describes how “Common Core en Espanol” (CC-E) standards can be employed as didactic resources for facilitating the development of teaching-specific (professional) Spanish competencies in bilingual teacher education. After describing the U.S. context of CC-E, and addressing the language and metalinguistic demands these new standards denote for K-12 students and teachers, the author provides a description of a content-based and task-based instructional activity implemented in a bilingual teacher education course he designed and facilitated. The activity served to develop future bilingual teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge (difference between the Spanish “diptongo” and “hiato”) and functional teaching-specific Spanish competencies (explanation of the main differences between the metalinguistic concepts outlined). The article then focuses on the analysis of a written student response resulting from the activity. It concludes by outlining curricular and pedagogical implications for developing professional Spanish competencies in bilingual teacher education within a U.S. context.
Photon Beam Attenuation for a Patient Support Assembly During Arc Therapy for a Medical Linear Accelerator

Abstract Arc therapy is one of the treatment techniques for small, centrally located deep-seated tumors. However, care must be taken to remove any components that would interfere with the beam as the gantry rotates around the patient. One such component that may interfere with the beam is the patient support assembly (PSA) or treatment table. Beam attenuation factors due to the presence of the couch side-rails and the centerspine bar of the PSA are presented for both 6 MV and 18 MV photon beams of a Clinac 1800 during a 360° rotation. Dose perturbations arising from these obstructions are displayed using an Alderson Rando phantom. A method is described to calculate the start and stop angles for the largest unobstructed arc for a given field size (FS), centerspine bar to the isocenter height (H), centerspine bar width (W), and SAD. As an illustration, for an SAD of 100 cm and a W of 4 cm, the start and stop angles for arc therapy with a FS of 10 × 10 cm 2 and an H of 12.7 cm would be 29° and 331°.
Simultaneous T1 and T2 Brain Relaxometry in Asymptomatic Volunteers Using Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a method of image acquisition that produces multiple MR parametric maps from a single scan. Here, we describe the normal range and progression of MRF-derived relaxometry values with age in healthy individuals. 56 normal volunteers (ages 11-71 years, M:F 24:32) were scanned. Regions of interest were drawn on T1 and T2 maps in 38 areas, including lobar and deep white matter, deep gray nuclei, thalami and posterior fossa structures. Relaxometry differences were assessed using a forward stepwise selection of a baseline model including either gender, age, or both, where variables were included if they contributed significantly (p<0.05). Additionally, differences in regional anatomy, including comparisons between hemispheres and between anatomical subcomponents, were assessed by paired t-tests. Using this protocol, MRF-derived T1 and T2 in frontal WM regions were found to increase in with age, while occipital and temporal regions remained relatively stable. Deep gray nuclei, including substantia nigra, were found to have age-related decreases in relaxometry. Gender differences were observed in T1 and T2 of temporal regions, cerebellum and pons. Males were also found to have more rapid age-related changes in frontal and parietal WM. Regional differences were identified between hemispheres, between genu and splenium of corpus callosum, and between posteromedial and anterolateral thalami. In conclusion, MRF quantification can measure relaxometry trends in healthy individuals that are in agreement with current understanding of neuroanatomy and neurobiology, and has the ability to uncover additional patterns that have not yet been explored.
Behavior Therapy: Theoretical Bases

Abstract Behavior therapy has become a dominant approach to treating psychological conditions. The theories underlying this approach have been broadly defined by three conceptual frameworks, or ‘waves’. The first wave is based on classical and operant conditioning. The second wave is based on targeting cognitions, or dysfunctional beliefs, that are assumed to contribute to distressing emotional experiences and problematic behaviors. The third wave is based, broadly, on acceptance and mindfulness. Collectively, all three waves may be understood from a computational neuropsychology perspective that is based on connectionist neural network models.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy in Refractory Complex Partial Seizures

The outcome of 22 patients with onset of complex partial seizures (CPS) in early childhood and treated by anterior temporal lobectomy after intervals varying from three to 28 years, is reported from the Epilepsy Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Clinical Application of a Hybrid RapidArc Radiotherapy Technique for Locally Advanced Lung Cancer

Objective:Radiation treatment planning for locally advanced lung cancer can be technically challenging, as delivery of ≥60 Gy to large volumes with concurrent chemotherapy is often associated with ...
A Case for Software Specific Natural Language Techniques

For over two decades, software engineering (SE) researchers have been importing tools and techniques from information retrieval (IR). Initial results have been quite positive. For example, when applied to problems such as feature location or re-establishing traceability links, IR techniques work well on their own, and often even better in combination with more traditional source code analysis techniques such as static and dynamic analysis. However, recently there has been growing awareness among SE researchers that IR tools and techniques are designed to work under a different set of assumptions than those that hold for a software system. Thus it may be beneficial to consider IR inspired tools and techniques that are specifically designed to work with software. One aim of this work is to provide quantitative empirical evidence in support of this observation. To do so a new technique is introduced that captures the level of difficulty found in an information need, the true, often latent, information that a searcher desires to know. The new technique is used to compare two test collections: the natural language TREC 8 collection and the software engineering JabRef collection. Analysis of the data leads to three significant findings. First, the variation in difficulty of the SE information needs is much larger than that of the natural language information needs, second, the most challenging of the SE information needs is far easier than the least challenging of the natural language information needs, and finally, variations of the queries used to uncover a latent information need have far less impact in the natural language collection than in the software engineering collection.
Assessing National Discourse and Local Governance Framing of Climate Change for Adaptation in the United Kingdom

While many national governments struggle to maintain global climate change as a high priority issue, many local governments are taking action to fill the policy gaps. This study examines how local ...
Prolongation of Progression Free Survival In Mantle Cell Lymphoma After RHCVAD: ASCT Consolidation or Rituximab Maintenance

Abstract 3570 Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a small B cell lymphoma, incurable with standard chemo-immunotherapy. The best initial treatment regimen remains unclear. Although it is generally acknowledged that aggressive approaches using combination chemotherapy and/or high dose chemotherapy can prolong survival, consensus on upfront treatment strategies for advanced MCL is currently lacking without randomized controlled data to guide treatment decisions. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to describe and compare the survival experiences of MCL patients at the University of Pennsylvania treated in the first-line setting with R-HCVAD (N=43) with or without autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or Rituximab maintenance. The primary study endpoints were PFS and OS as assessed by chart review and confirmed by SSDI database. Median follow up for all pts was 3 years. The median age was 53.7, and 76.7 % (n=33) were stage IV at diagnosis. 15 patients underwent consolidative ASCT. 11 pts received Rituximab maintenance. Comparing patients treated with R-HCVAD vs R-HCVAD + R maintenance vs. R-HCVAD + ASCT, there were no statistical differences in terms of age, ECOG PS, LDH, WBC, beta-2microglobulin, BM or GI involvement, bulky disease or blastoid variant at baseline. Median PFS for all patients was 3.9 years: R-HCVAD alone 2.1 years vs. R-HCVAD+R 3.9 years (P=0.02, HR 3.51, 95%CI: 1.2–10.2) vs R-HCVAD + SCT not reached (p=0.017, HR 3.7, 95%CI: 1.26–10.63). PFS survival rates at 2 years were 50%, 88% and 70%; 33%, 71/% and 63% respectively at 3 years, and 0%, 33% and 33 % at 5 years. 3 year OS for all patients was 84% (95% CI: 65–94) with no significant differences among the three approaches. Notably, only 1/8 patients treated with R-HCVAD + SCT relapsed after 2 years, with a median follow up of 4.8 years for these patients. Our data suggest a further improved PFS when R-HCVAD is consolidated with either Rituximab maintenance or ASCT. While neither of the two consolidative approaches appears superior in our limited data set, both show significant PFS prolongation when compared to R-HCVAD alone. Further prospective investigation of consolidative approaches after RHCVAD in a randomized fashion is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Breast arterial calcification association with coronary artery calcium scoring and implications for cardiovascular risk assessment in women

Breast arterial calcification (BAC) is a type of medial artery calcification that can be seen incidentally on mammography. Studies have suggested association of BAC with cardiovascular risk factors, coronary artery disease (CAD), and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently published studies have also suggested a modest correlation of BAC with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. Roughly 40 million mammograms are already performed annually in the United States with overlap in patients that undergo CAD screening via CAC scoring. Thus, identification of cardiovascular risk by demonstrating an association between BAC and CAC may enable an instrumental sex-specific methodology to identify asymptomatic women at risk for CAD. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of the literature for BAC and its association with CAC, to review contemporary breast cancer screening guidelines, and to discuss the clinical implications of these findings.
Ontological Separation in Aristotle’s Metaphysics

Ontological separation plays a key role in Aristotle’s metaphysical project: substances alone are ontologically χωριστόν. The standard view identifies Aristotelian ontological separation with ontological independence, so that ontological separation is a non-symmetric relation. I argue that there is strong textual evidence that Aristotle employs an asymmetric notion of separation in the Metaphysics —one that involves the dependence of other entities on the independent entity. I argue that this notion allows Aristotle to prevent the proliferation of substance-kinds and thus to secure the unity of his metaphysical system.
Laplace wavelet transform theory and applications

This study introduces the theory of the Laplace wavelet transform (LWT). The Laplace wavelets are a generalization of the second-order under damped linear time-invariant (SOULTI) wavelets to the co...
Prognostic factors and treatment-related outcomes in patients with uterine serous cancer (USC).

5099 Background: USC an uncommon (10%) but aggressive form of uterine cancer, causes 50% of uterine cancer deaths. The purpose of this study is to report a large single-institution experience with ...
Cicatricial ectropion in a patient treated with dupilumab.

Abstract Purpose To describe a case of bilateral conjunctivitis and cicatricial ectropion associated with dupilumab therapy for atopic dermatitis. Observations Severe hyperemia of the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, as well as cicatricial ectropion, began two months after starting weekly dupilumab injections for atopic dermatitis. The findings worsened over the next several months and improved after discontinuing dupilumab. Conclusions and importance Dupilumab is a promising intervention in the management of atopic dermatitis and asthma, however, little is known about its potential ocular adverse effects. We report the first case of dupilumab-associated ocular inflammation leading to cicatricial ectropion.
Control-Related Motivations and Information Security Policy Compliance: The Effect of Reflective and Reactive Autonomy

Employees’ failures to follow information security policy can be costly to organizations. Organizations implement security controls in order to motivate employees. Many control-related motivations have been explored in information security research (e.g., self-efficacy and behavioral control); however, self-determination has yet to receive attention. Selfdetermination theory is widely used in other fields to explain intrinsically driven performance. This paper examines the effect self-determination—conceptualized as reflective autonomy, and psychological reactance—conceptualized as reactive autonomy have on employees’ intentions to comply with security policy. Reflective and reactive autonomy offer complementary yet opposite conceptualizations of autonomy, offering a more holistic view of control-related motivation. We find that both reflective and reactive autonomy affect information security policy compliance intentions. Reflective autonomy increases and reactive autonomy decreases compliance intentions. Managers should become aware of the way employees view security controls in order to develop controls that maximize reflective autonomy and minimize reactive autonomy in employees.
Concurrent Scientific Computing

This text covers the fundamental issues of developing programs for scientific computation on concurrent computers. Its purpose is to construct a conceptual framework that is a basis for understanding the real issues of concurrency. The core problems are often buried by mountains of technical detail. The conceptual framework allows us to cut through non-issues. It is, therefore, a basis for developing new numerical methods and new software tools that solve the real problems. Anyone who wishes to use concurrent computers should benefit from this text. Because the book covers numerical algorithms, an elementary background of linear algebra and advanced calculus is required. A previous contact with structured programming techniques will be helpful. The level of the text is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers. The few sections that contain more advanced mathematical material can be omitted upon a first reading of the book. All algorithms are developed in detail, in a unified notation, and according to a coherent methodology. This is not an encyclopedia of recipes. Rather, the book stresses the methodology behind developing one's own concurrent programs for scientific computing. The approach is new because the text introduces formal program development to scientific computing. Readers can expect to cut down the time needed to develop concurrent programs. By following the same methodology, the user's programs will be easier to integrate into libraries, easier to use, and portable to a wide variety of concurrent computers.
Regional replication of association with refractive error on 15q14 and 15q25 in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study cohort.

Purpose Refractive error is a complex trait with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors, and is the most common cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The common nature of the trait suggests the presence of many genetic factors that individually may have modest effects. To achieve an adequate sample size to detect these common variants, large, international collaborations have formed. These consortia typically use meta-analysis to combine multiple studies from many different populations. This approach is robust to differences between populations; however, it does not compensate for the different haplotypes in each genetic background evidenced by different alleles in linkage disequilibrium with the causative variant. We used the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) cohort to replicate published significant associations at two loci on chromosome 15 from two genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibited association on chromosome 15 in the original studies did not show evidence of association with refractive error in the AREDS cohort. This paper seeks to determine whether the non-replication in this AREDS sample may be due to the limited number of SNPs chosen for replication. Methods We selected all SNPs genotyped on the Illumina Omni2.5v1_B array or custom TaqMan assays or imputed from the GWAS data, in the region surrounding the SNPs from the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia study. We analyzed the SNPs for association with refractive error using standard regression methods in PLINK. The effective number of tests was calculated using the Genetic Type I Error Calculator. Results Although use of the same SNPs used in the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia study did not show any evidence of association with refractive error in this AREDS sample, other SNPs within the candidate regions demonstrated an association with refractive error. Significant evidence of association was found using the hyperopia categorical trait, with the most significant SNPs rs1357179 on 15q14 (p=1.69×10⁻³) and rs7164400 on 15q25 (p=8.39×10⁻⁴), which passed the replication thresholds. Conclusions This study adds to the growing body of evidence that attempting to replicate the most significant SNPs found in one population may not be significant in another population due to differences in the linkage disequilibrium structure and/or allele frequency. This suggests that replication studies should include less significant SNPs in an associated region rather than only a few selected SNPs chosen by a significance threshold.
Examining the role of imageability and regularity in word reading accuracy and learning efficiency among first and second graders at risk for reading disabilities.

Abstract This study explored word reading accuracy and word learning efficiency in first- and second-grade students (N = 125). In two experiments, students participated in a short training exposing them to words that varied on orthographic regularity and imageability. In Experiment 1 the form of word feedback was manipulated (phonemic vs. whole word), whereas in Experiment 2 pretraining exposure was manipulated (training on meaning vs. imageability). Crossed random effects models were used to explore child- and item-level predictors related to number of exposures to mastery, posttest word reading performance, and maintenance performance after 1 week. Results from Experiment 1 indicate that imageability plays a role in irregular word learning. Results from Experiment 2 suggest that students who received imageability training required fewer exposures to reach mastery. There was a significant interaction between initial word reading skill and condition, with students with low word reading skills requiring fewer exposures for mastery if they were in the imageability condition. Overall, these findings suggest that word imageability significantly affects both word reading accuracy and rate of word learning.
The Major Causes of Death in Children and Adolescents in the United States.

The Causes of Death in Children and Adolescents This report details the 10 leading causes for the 20,360 deaths of children and adolescents in the United States in 2016. The analysis also includes ...
Conization pathologic features as a predictor of intermediate and high risk features on radical hysterectomy specimens in early stage cervical cancer.

Abstract Objective The impact of pathologic features of a cone biopsy on the management of women with early stage cervical cancer is understudied. Our objective was to evaluate the additive value of pathologic features of a cone biopsy toward identifying patients with high risk tumors for which adjuvant therapy may be indicated. Methods Patients with early stage cervical cancer undergoing a conization followed by radical hysterectomy from 1995 to 2016 were retrospectively identified. Clinical and pathologic data were abstracted from patient medical records. Results A total of 115 patients were identified. Based on final pathology, 70.5% were low risk, 10.4% intermediate risk, and 19.1% were high risk. The additive pathologic features of the conization specimen would have reclassified five patients from low into the intermediate risk group. Though depth of invasion did not correlate with final pathology results, when lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) was present in the conization specimen, 51.2% of patients were noted to meet intermediate/high risk; compared to only 9.5% without LVSI. Conclusions In women with early stage cervical cancer, additive pathology of the conization and hysterectomy specimen did not significantly impact risk stratification, only affecting 4.3% of patients. However, presence of LVSI in the conization was associated with intermediate risk criteria in 60% of cases and high risk criteria in 37% of cases. As patients with intermediate/high risk criteria would meet recommendations for adjuvant therapy, the evaluation of LVSI in conization specimens may influence the selection of primary treatment for women with cervical cancer.
Original Articles: OOF3D: An image-based finite element solver for materials science

Recent advances in experimental techniques (micro-CT scans, automated serial sectioning, electron back-scatter diffraction, and synchrotron radiation X-rays) have made it possible to characterize the full, three-dimensional structure of real materials. Such new experimental techniques have created a need for software tools that can model the response of these materials under various kinds of loads. OOF (Object Oriented Finite Elements) is a desktop software application for studying the relationship between the microstructure of a material and its overall mechanical, dielectric, or thermal properties using finite element models based on real or simulated micrographs. OOF provides methods for segmenting images, creating meshes of complex geometries, solving PDE's using finite element models, and visualizing 3D results. We discuss the challenges involved in implementing OOF in 3D and create a finite element mesh of trabecular bone as an illustrative example.
Re-examination of the Role of Latent Variables in Sequence Modeling

With latent variables, stochastic recurrent models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in modeling sound-wave sequence. However, opposite results are also observed in other domains, where standard recurrent networks often outperform stochastic models. To better understand this discrepancy, we re-examine the roles of latent variables in stochastic recurrent models for speech density estimation. Our analysis reveals that under the restriction of fully factorized output distribution in previous evaluations, the stochastic models were implicitly leveraging intra-step correlation but the standard recurrent baselines were prohibited to do so, resulting in an unfair comparison. To correct the unfairness, we remove such restriction in our re-examination, where all the models can explicitly leverage intra-step correlation with an auto-regressive structure. Over a diverse set of sequential data, including human speech, MIDI music, handwriting trajectory and frame-permuted speech, our results show that stochastic recurrent models fail to exhibit any practical advantage despite the claimed theoretical superiority. In contrast, standard recurrent models equipped with an auto-regressive output distribution consistently perform better, significantly advancing the state-of-the-art results on three speech datasets.
More Than Just Acetates: PhI(OAc)2 Enables C–H Halogenation of Arenes

In this issue of Chem, Nagib and co-workers report an operationally simple approach for direct C–H halogenation of arenes and (hetero)arenes through in situ activation of commercially available PhI(OAc)2. The resulting non-symmetrical iodanes offer chemists new tools for the mild halogenation of arene scaffolds with exquisite selectivity and tunability.
Unraveling the high strain-rate dynamic stiffening in select model polyurethanes − the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding

Abstract This study elucidates the influence of molecular attributes on the observed dynamic stiffening in select two-component polyurethanes upon high strain-rate impact. Unlike typical segmented elastomers, polyurethanes consisting of poly(tetramethylene oxide), PTMO, and a diisocyanate, but without a chain extender, are investigated. The hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI)-based polyurethane, HDI−PU, exhibits crystallinity and a much higher ambient storage modulus, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis at 1 Hz, than that of 4,4′-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate (MDI)-based polyurethane, MDI−PU. In contrast, MDI−PU exhibits a higher glass transition temperature than that of HDI−PU, and a greater dynamic stiffening against silica micro-particle impacts at strain rates between 107 and 108 s−1. The variation in dynamic stiffening corroborates well the observed dynamics at the molecular level, as determined via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The presence of a slower-dynamics component in MDI−PU, as evidenced in the 13C ssNMR dipolar dephasing time, is used to explain the observed enhanced dynamic stiffening response.
Hardware design considerations for smart electromagnetic flowmeter

This work is based on the conception and the realization of an intelligent electromagnetic flow meter which can be applied the domain of water distribution metering network and can be exploited by various industries on a national scale and international scale. The device to be realized is constituted mainly with two parts; the mechanical conception part of the device and the electronic detection part must. According to the specifications of this work, a fundamental principle of the Electromagnetic flow meter is presented by specifying its different components; after that the electronic chain for the signal processing is given and using few equations to calculate the speed of the flow rate in function with sensor dimensions and to be displayed by using a board STM 32 and to be transmitted to the distant collector data via wireless M Bus. Experimental tests of the flow meter prototype are also presented and validated.
A Climatology of Quasi-Linear Convective Systems and Their Hazards in the United States

AbstractThis research uses image classification and machine learning methods on radar reflectivity mosaics to segment, classify, and track quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) in the United Stat...
Larval Anatomy of the Bee Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell) (Meliponini); Further on the Larva of Melipona fallax Camargo and Pedro, with a Preliminary Characterization of Mature Larval Meliponini; and Analysis of Multipronged Spicules (Apoidea: Apidae)

The small (length less than 6 mm) postdefecating larva of Tetragonula (Tetragonula) sapiens (Cockerell) from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated, the first representation of the immature stage for any member of this genus of stingless bees. A reexamination of the recently described larva of Melipona fallax Camargo and Pedro using a new technique reveals valuable insights regarding its integumental microstructures. On the basis of these findings and previously published accounts of larval representatives of five other genera (Melipona, Nogueirapis, Partamona, Plebeia, and Trigonisca), a preliminary description of the mature larva of the tribe Meliponini is presented. Multipronged spicules, recently discovered in meliponines, are investigated.
Arthroscopic Hip Joint Assessment can Impact the Indications for PAO Surgery.

Background The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical, radiographic and intraoperative disease characteristics of patients with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in which periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) was contraindicated due to advanced intraarticular findings at the time of disease staging hip arthroscopy (HA). Methods A prospective cohort was used to identify all patients who were scheduled for a PAO and concomitant hip arthroscopy for the treatment of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. From a total of 286 patients (286 hips), 11 patients (11 hips) were identified in whom the PAO was contraindicated due to the intraarticular findings of a disease-staging hip arthroscopy. Clinical characteristics, radiographic and intraoperative findings were analyzed and compared to those patients in whom the joint was judged to be appropriate for PAO surgery. Results 11 patients (11/286 or 4%), in whom a PAO was contraindicated after joint assessment with HA, were identified and included in this study. There were nine females and two males. All patients were potential candidates for PAO surgery. The PAO was contraindicated in these cases due to severe articular cartilage damage on both the femoral head and acetabulum. The patients when compared to those in which the PAO was performed, were significantly older (42.3 years (IQR, 38.1-46.8) vs. 24 years (IQR, 19-34)) (p<0.001) and had more severe dysplasia with a lower median lateral center-edge angle (LCEA, 12.9° vs. 17.7°, p=0.001) and lower anterior center-edge angle (ACE, 14.4° vs. 20.3°, p=0.021). Conclusions Patients in which the PAO was contraindicated, compared to those in which PAO was performed, were older and had significant more severe dysplasia. The main cause of intraoperative disqualification for PAO was advanced articular cartilage disease.Level of Evidence: IV.
Protein transmission in neurodegenerative disease

Most neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the intracellular or extracellular aggregation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson disease, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accumulating evidence from both human studies and disease models indicates that intercellular transmission and the subsequent templated amplification of these misfolded proteins are involved in the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. The misfolded proteins that are transferred between cells are referred to as ‘pathological seeds’. Recent studies have made exciting progress in identifying the characteristics of different pathological seeds, particularly those isolated from diseased brains. Advances have also been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transmission process, and the influence of the host cell on the conformation and properties of pathological seeds. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge of the cell-to-cell transmission of pathological proteins and to identify key questions for future investigation. In this Review, Peng et al. summarize the evidence for cell-to-cell transmission of pathological proteins in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, and identify key questions for future investigation.
Aircraft Observations for Improved Physical Parameterization for Seasonal Prediction

Abstract : The long-terms goals of our research are to understand and parameterize the physics of air-sea interaction and the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) over a wide spectrum of wind speeds, sea state and cloud coverage.
Health Factors, Sociability, and Academic Outcomes of Typically Developing Youth and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Latent Class Analysis Approach

To identify profiles of both typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on health indicators, and academic/social engagement. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify profiles of children from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health, based on physical activity, screen time, sleep, and academic/social engagement. A three-profile solution was the best fitting model, with children in profile 3 characterized as having excellent health, and academic/social outcomes, compared to profiles 1 and 2. Compared to TD youth, a greater percentage of youth with ASD fit into the poorer health profiles. Studies should examine whether health interventions for youth with ASD can improve factors, such as academic engagement and social interaction.
Windows of opportunity for daily physical activity.

Air pollution is a serious concern to people who want to engage in physical activities to improve and maintain their health. However, air quality data collected at the nearest monitoring site may not be the best source of information because the data may be incomplete (e.g., some pollutants are not monitored) or not representative. This paper puts forward a method that uses air quality data from a large area to derive a diurnal profile of air quality variation for that area and identify the time window in which the air quality is typically the best during a day. If people exercise in that time window then they can minimize their exposure to air pollution. Three years’ worth of air quality data in five California counties were analyzed to identify the general pattern of diurnal variation of air quality. The analysis shows the pattern of air quality variation is very similar among those five counties which represent diverse geographical and meteorological conditions. The analysis further reveals that in California air quality is generally the best in early mornings; as such, people should exercise in the early morning if their daily schedule allows it. A similar analysis can be performed for other areas to help people choose the best time window to exercise.
Charge transfer effects in a CCD with a single polysilicon gate structure

NASA is currently studying a mission concept called Lynx for the next generation X-ray telescope to follow up on highly successful Chandra observatory that has been in operation since 1999. Detector technology for the main instruments focal planes has not been selected at this time, with several different options under consideration (see1). Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) have been traditionally the detectors of choice for space X-ray instruments, and, while new technologies, such as CMOS image sensors and hybrid detectors made huge progress in recent years, CCDs still have a combination of features that make them difficult to replace as soft X-ray detectors. To enhance these advantages, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has in recent years designed several versions of a CCD with single level polysilicon gates which can be controlled by low voltages compatible with CMOS driving circuitry, and could be an attractive option for Lynx and other X-ray space missions due to its higher speed and lower power consumption. In this work we investigate their parameters at higher speed and lower voltage amplitudes and report some of the results of testing those new detectors. We describe new techniques that we developed to study physical mechanisms that limit device performance.
Patient Reported Outcomes of Long Head Biceps Tenodesis after Spontaneous Rupture.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing patient reported outcome measures (PROM) of biceps tenodesis after the rupture of proximal long head of the biceps tendon. Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients with complete proximal rupture of the long head of the biceps that underwent biceps tenodesis between 2002-2017. This yielded 42 patients, of which 23 (55%) completed the PROMIS Pain Interference, PROMIS Upper Extremity, Quick DASH, and a custom biceps tear questionnaire, at a median of 8.5 years (IQR:5.2-12) post-operatively. The median age of the respondents was 57 years (IQR: 43-61). The majority of patients (n=12, 52%) underwent tenodesis using suture anchor fixation, while the remaining underwent tenodesis with interference screw technique (n=6, 26%), key hole technique (n=1, 4.3%), or tunnel technique (n=1, 4.3%). A bivariate analysis was performed to evaluate factors influencing the PROMs. Results: Six patients (27%) reported persistent biceps cramping at a median of 8.2 years post-operatively, negatively impacting PROMs, and this was associated with older age. Six patients (27%) had post-operative complications, including infection, pain, stiffness, and re-rupture, of which four patients (17%) underwent reoperation. Patients with activity/sports-induced injury or those that underwent tenodesis using a suture anchor technique demonstrated better PROMs. Conclusion: Post-operative biceps cramping persists in almost one-third of patients and significantly impacts PROMs. Patient activity level and the use of suture anchor technique for tenodesis were independent predictors of improved biceps tenodesis outcome scores. Level of evidence: IV
Abstraction-Based Control Synthesis

Abstraction-based control synthesis is a three-step process to solve a control problem for continuous-state system (difference equation or differential equation), by first abstracting this system into a finite transition system, solving the control problem on the abstraction, and finally refining the obtained controller to apply it to the continuous system. This chapter first provides an overview of the three steps of abstraction-based approaches and on the key role played by reachability analysis in the first step to create the finite abstraction. This approach is then illustrated on a docking problem for a marine vessel corresponding to a reach-avoid specification (reach the docking area in finite time while avoiding obstacles). This example highlights how the forward reachability analysis methods presented in this book can be used within such abstraction-based approaches to solve backward reachability problems.
Platelet rich plasma for hallux sesamoid injuries: a case series

OBJECTIVE Hallux sesamoid injuries are well described and can be debilitating and chronically disabling. The role of orthobiologics such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in sesamoid injuries has not been reported. This study describes three cases of recalcitrant hallux sesamoid injuries in teenage athletes who returned to impact activities, pain free, following one treatment of PRP. METHODS This is a case-series study describing three teenage athletes presenting to a tertiary level pediatric sports medicine practice with chronic hallux sesamoid injuries. RESULTS The three patients (two female, one male) described in this case series were 13-, 16-, and 17-year-old athletes. Their primary sports were ballet, basketball, and Irish step dance, respectively. All three athletes received PRP: two received unilateral treatment (one tibial sesamoid, one fibular sesamoid) and one received treatment to bilateral tibial sesamoids. The average duration of symptoms prior to PRP was 52.5 weeks (14-128 weeks). The average time out of their primary sport was 48.7 weeks (20-78 weeks). Three of the 4 sesamoids treated with PRP were tibial sesamoids. Each site of injury was treated with one treatment of leukocyte-rich PRP. All three athletes were cleared to return to impact activities such as running and jumping at 6-9 weeks following PRP, specifically 9 weeks after the final PRP injection for the patient who underwent bilateral treatments. CONCLUSION In the three cases provided of sesamoid injuries treated with PRP, the time to return to impact activities was less than reported for athletes not treated with PRP. Acknowledging that other management factors likely contributed to return to impact activities, this case series sets the groundwork for future research investigating the role of PRP with needle fenestration in the treatment of sesamoid injuries.
Pastoral Aesthetics for Pediatric Bioethics

Pastoral theology carries the potential to refine the engagement between theology and a principlist approach to bioethics, as Nathan Carlin has argued in Pastoral Aesthetics, but it also provides a basis on which to specifically benefit pediatric bioethics by moving beyond simplistic renderings of children that reduce children to their nonautonomous status. Whereas principlist bioethics tends to regard children chiefly in relation to their lack of capacity to make autonomous decisions, pastoral theology’s interdisciplinary commitments and attention to relationality create possibilities for appreciating the subjectivity of children in the medical environment, respecting the moral weight of their healthcare experiences, and recognizing their agency to exert influence on the adults who make decisions and provide care for them.
Estimation of Fractional Photosynthetically Active Radiation From a Canopy 3D Model; Case Study: Almond Yield Prediction.

Canopy-intercepted light, or photosynthetically active radiation, is fundamentally crucial for quantifying crop biomass development and yield potential. Fractional photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (fPAR) is conventionally obtained by measuring the PAR both below and above the canopy using a mobile lightbar platform to predict the potential yield of nut crops. This study proposed a feasible and low-cost method for accurately estimating the canopy fPAR using aerial photogrammetry-based canopy three-dimensional models. We tested up to eight different varieties in three experimental almond orchards, including California's leading variety of 'Nonpareil'. To extract various canopy profile features, such as canopy cover and canopy volume index, we developed a complete data collection and processing pipeline called Virtual Orchard (VO) in Python environment. Canopy fPAR estimated by VO throughout the season was compared against midday canopy fPAR measured by a mobile lightbar platform in midseason, achieving a strong correlation (R2) of 0.96. A low root mean square error (RMSE) of 2% for 'Nonpareil'. Furthermore, we developed regression models for predicting actual almond yield using both measures, where VO estimation of canopy fPAR, as a stronger indicator, achieved a much better prediction (R2 = 0.84 and RMSE = 195 lb acre-1) than the lightbar (R2 = 0.70 and RMSE = 266 lb acre-1) for 'Nonpareil'. Eight different new models for estimating potential yield were also developed using temporal analysis from May to August in 2019 by adjusting the ratio between fPAR and dry kernel yield previously found using a lightbar. Finally, we compared the two measures at two different spatial precision levels: per-row and per-block. fPAR estimated by VO at the per-tree level was also assessed. Results showed that VO estimated canopy fPAR performed better at each precision level than lightbar with up to 0.13 higher R2. The findings in this study serve as a fundamental link between aerial-based canopy fPAR and the actual yield of almonds.
The atrial fibrillation paradox -connecting hypertension to atrial disease and stroke.

A “double paradox” exists in the understanding of racial differences in the association between traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, the incidence and prevalence atrial fibrillation (AF), and the increased incidence of ischemic stroke. Simply stated, Black persons have an increased number of CV risk factors yet less AF. Despite lower incidence of AF, Black individuals have higher rates of stroke and systemic embolism. This important public health challenge is notable, given that, despite a significant decline in overall stroke mortality rates since the 1950s, age-adjusted stroke death rates have remained higher in Black versus White individuals through 2008.[2] The purpose of this review is to examine the risk of ischemic stroke in Black persons and provide a summary of options to improve the recognition of individual risk and reinforce preventive care. Consider the following concepts: • Black individuals have more traditional CV risk factors and higher rates of ischemic stroke, than their non-Hispanic White counterparts, yet a lower incidence and prevalence of AF. • The difference in the incidence of AF does not fully explain the differences in stroke risk • The explanation for these differences is likely complex and leads to the following questions. ○ Should researchers and clinicians reassess the way atrial disease and embolic risk are defined in specific populations? ○ Do traditional risk factors for AF account for increased stroke risk in select patient populations which also needs to be re-evaluated in the context of stroke reduction. As with prior work[1,17,18,19,21] which has addressed the “AF Paradox” this review supports the concept of atrial disease - including atrial fibrillation - as a continuum. There also appears to be a risk of stroke associated with this continuum in the absence of a diagnosis of AF.[1,18,21] These factors alone do not account for the differences in overall stroke rates in Black persons. In addition to a revision on the views of atrial disease, there should be a renewed emphasis early and aggressive blood pressure control – as well as other risk factor management – in Black individuals to affect the differences in stroke rates. The objective of this review is to re-examine the specific role of hypertension in atrial disease and perceptions on stroke risk, AF and possible differences between Black and White individuals.
Approach to Altered Mental Status and Inpatient Delirium

Altered mental status is a nonspecific diagnosis that encompasses a wide spectrum of disease and is frequently cited as a reason for both hospital admission and inpatient neurologic consultation. There are numerous etiologies of altered mental status, and so although many are facile with the workup of this potentially life-threatening entity, it can nevertheless be overwhelming. Our goal was to provide a practical framework embedded in a current, comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and management of undifferentiated altered mental status. We pay particular attention to the management of a critical yet underdiagnosed subtype of altered mental status: delirium.