cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crustal Deformation in the Southcentral Alaska Subduction Zone

Abstract The study of crustal deformation in the subduction zone of the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake reveals a temporally and spatially complex pattern of surface motions and interplate coupling. This temporal–spatial pattern provides fundamental information on the elastic and inelastic processes associated with strain energy accumulation and release in the seismic cycle and development of geological structures in southcentral Alaska. Essential data on the crustal deformation comes from seismological, geological and geodetic observations. The most salient observed features are: (1) large along-strike variations in both the coseismic moment release and the postseismic and interseismic surface deformation and (2) a complicated history of postseismic and interseismic deformation characterized by both steady-state deformation and transient motion occurring over several time scales and involving different deformation mechanisms. Numerical models give insight into the relationship between the observed crustal motions and tectonic plate motion, fault zone processes, and the Earth's rheology.
Postural sway patterns of normal men and women and men with mental retardation during a two-legged stance test

Previous research has shown that in healthy subjects during a quiet two-legged stance, sagittal postural sway is greater than lateral postural sway with a ratio approximating 1.5. The purpose of this study was to examine the postural sway profiles of healthy men and women, and men with mental retardation (MR). Subjects consisted of 22 men (M), 22 women (W) and 22 men with MR. Postural sway characteristics were examined using a Kistler force platform. Each subject performed six trials, three with vision and three with vision occluded. Each trial was 15sec in duration, and the subject was instructed to stand motionless on the force platform. A custom-designed computer program sampled the lateral and sagittal sway characteristics for each trial, at a sample rate of 50Hz. Results indicated that the MR group exhibited significantly more lateral sway than the other two groups, and that the sagittal/lateral sway ratio was significantly lower in this group. Moreover, the MR group showed a greater amount of sway in the no-vision condition than either the M or W groups. Using the sagittal/lateral sway ratio, discriminant analyses indicated that group membership could be predicted in 75% to 82% of the cases in the vision condition, and 64% to 73% of the cases in the no-vision condition. It is concluded that the sagittal/lateral sway ratio provides a valid and objective assessment measure to determine the postural control/balance capacities of persons with MR. In addition, it is hypothesized that this ratio may prove useful in quantifying the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention programs on balance performance.
Random Lazy Random Walks on Arbitrary Finite Groups

This paper considers “lazy” random walks supported on a random subset of k elements of a finite group G with order n. If k=⌈a log2 n⌉ where a>1 is constant, then most such walks take no more than a multiple of log2 n steps to get close to uniformly distributed on G. If k=log2 n+f(n) where f(n)→∞ and f(n)/log2 n→0 as n→∞, then most such walks take no more than a multiple of (log2 n) ln(log2 n) steps to get close to uniformly distributed. To get these results, this paper extends techniques of Erdos and Renyi and of Pak.
Gastric glomus tumor; report of case and review of literature.

Summary The eighth instance of gastric glomus tumor is reported. Review of the literature discloses an apparent propensity of these tumors to occur in men over 40 and to be associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Other Carcinoma of the Thyroid

This chapter focuses on a group of thyroid cancers that were not specifically categorized. These include both relatively aggressive and relatively indolent varieties. As a group these malignancies are equally common across the United States and in Denmark. They occur among the members of different racial/ethnic groups equally, although they have occurred more often among the residents of a higher social class neighborhoods. Unlike papillary thyroid cancer, they are diagnosed more often later in life. In the county as a whole, incidence has decreased somewhat over time. The high-risk tract criteria are only met for females, and those few census tracts are scattered with no apparent pattern. Except for the apparent increased frequency among the affluent, which could be the result of very slow-growing tumors being discovered by more frequent screenings, or the erroneous inclusion of unrecognized papillary thyroid cancers among these cases reported to be of other histologies, no systematic pattern of occurrence is apparent, and therefore no local source of causation is proposed.
Bound-state operator in the Lee model

The form of the bound-state operator describing the V-θ composite state is investigated. A general class of operators having the quantum numbers of the composite state is constructed. By means of an asymptotic assumption and the reduction formula, the matrix elements for the V-θ composite state are calculated. It is shown that the physical properties of the composite state are independent of the form of its bound-state operator.
Translation kinetics in cultured mouse hepatoma cells. Regulation of albumin synthesis by amino acids.

The synthesis of albumin in the liver has been shown to correlate with the availability of essential amino acids in the diet. We have investigated this phenomenon in the highly differentiated mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa. Cells were grown for three days in complete medium with daily changes. The cells were then incubated for 22 h in media containing varying concentrations of individual essential amino acids. The deficient media were then changed; 1.5 h later the cells were labeled for 0.5 h with [3H]leucine. Albumin was immunoprecipitated and total protein was acid-precipitated from postribosomal supernatants of detergent-solubilized cells. With the exception of isoleucine, the relative rates of albumin synthesis decreased as a function of amino acid concentration from 4.3% in complete medium to 2.5% in totally deficient media. This specific reduction in albumin synthesis was confirmed by analysis of labeled Hepa proteins displayed on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. Essential amino acid limitation reduced total protein synthesis by 50%. This is the result of a decrease in the translation efficiency of total mRNA from 5 to 3 polypeptides/message min−1 and is consistent with a reduction in the initiation rate. In contrast, the 70% decrease in albumin synthesis was a result of a reduced number of functional albumin messages/cell. The translation efficiency of these albumin messages remained unchanged at 1.
2‐Ethoxyallyl Acetate

[76524-71-5] C7H12O3 (MW 144.17) InChI = 1S/C7H12O3/c1-4-9-6(2)5-10-7(3)8/h2,4-5H2,1,3H3 InChIKey = PLNQLUGDZHDPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (preparation of enol ethers via the corresponding allylpalladium complexes;1 cyclopentenone annulation1) Alternate Name: 3-acetoxy-2-ethoxy-1-propene. Preparative Methods: by reaction of α-lithioethyl vinyl ether with Paraformaldehyde (40–50%) followed by acetylation (Acetic Anhydride, Pyridine).1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use in a fume hood.
Enterprise-Wide Strategic Management: Strategic management framework and strategic analysis

Introduction The more specific and tangible aspects of enterprise-wide strategic management (ESM) involve the strategic management systems (SMSs) of business units. The strategic business units (SBUs) translate the vision and strategic direction of the company/corporation into executable missions, business strategies, action plans, and operating results. They focus on the market spaces, competitive landscapes, and specific business/product portfolios. Whereas corporate strategic leaders focus on crafting and implementing high-level, future-oriented grand strategies, SBU leaders manage the SMSs and concentrate on developing the game plans providing means and mechanisms necessary to take advantage of business opportunities and deal with challenges. They concentrate on achieving balanced and broad-based, near-term objectives and long-term sustainable success. SBU leaders play more specific roles in managing the affairs of the business units than corporate executives. They are responsibile for formulating and implementing business strategies and ensuring that functional and operational management performs in accordance with the strategic direction of the company and overall objectives. For some companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the corporate level management system and the SMS are merged into a single, embedded system. Here, corporate executives also function in the roles of SBU leaders with narrower perspectives, well-targeted market spaces, and definitive product portfolios. In such cases, there may still be distinctions between corporate roles and responsibilities and those of the SBU leaders as articulated in this chapter. It is imperative that business leaders understand the differences and act accordingly.
The composition of tobacco smoke.

Die Literatur uber die verschiedenen Bestandteile des Tabakrauchs ist kritisch gesichtet worden, und the kanzerogene Eigenschaft einzelner Verbindungen wurde angefuhrt.
Basal and glucagon-stimulated plasma C-peptide concentrations in healthy dogs, dogs with diabetes mellitus, and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

Serum glucose and plasma C-peptide response to i.v. glucagon administration was evaluated in 24 healthy dogs, 12 dogs with untreated diabetes mellitus, 30 dogs with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, and 8 dogs with naturally acquired hyperadrenocorticism. Serum insulin response also was evaluated in all dogs, except 20 insulin-treated diabetic dogs. Blood samples for serum glucose, serum insulin, and plasma C-peptide determinations were collected immediately before and 5, 10, 20, 30, and (for healthy dogs) 60 minutes after i.v. administration of 1 mg glucagon per dog. In healthy dogs, the patterns of glucagon-stimulated changes in plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations were identical, with single peaks in plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations observed approximately 15 minutes after i.v. glucagon administration. Mean plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations in untreated diabetic dogs, and mean plasma C-peptide concentration in insulin-treated diabetic dogs did not increase significantly after i.v. glucagon administration. The validity of serum insulin concentration results was questionable in 10 insulin-treated diabetic dogs, possibly because of anti-insulin antibody interference with the insulin radioimmunoassay. Plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations were significantly increased (P 0.29 pmol/mL) above the normal mean plasma C-peptide concentration; values that were significantly higher, compared with the results in healthy dogs (P < .001) and with the other 35 diabetic dogs (P < .001). In summary, measurement of plasma C-peptide concentration during glucagon stimulation testing allowed differentiation among healthy dogs, dogs with impaired beta-cell function (ie, diabetes mellitus), and dogs with increased beta-cell responsiveness to glucagon (ie, insulin resistance). Plasma C-peptide concentrations during glucagon stimulation testing were variable in diabetic dogs and may represent dogs with type-1 and type-2 diabetes or, more likely, differences in severity of beta-cell loss in dogs with type-1 diabetes.
The Role of Midtropospheric Winds in the Evolution and Maintenance of Low-Level Mesocyclones

Abstract Using a three-dimensional numerical model, supercell simulations initialized in environments characterized by hodographs with large curvature in the lowest 3 km and a range of linear midlevel shears are investigated. For low values of the midlevel shear (0.005 s−1), the storm develops a mesocyclone at the lowest model level within the first hour of the simulation. The gust front starts to move ahead of the main updraft and cuts off the inflow to the storm by approximately 2 h, resulting in decay of the initial storm and growth of a new rotating storm on the outflow. As the midlevel shear increases to approximately 0.010 s−1, the initial development of the low-level mesocyclone is delayed, but the mesocyclone that develops is more persistent, lasting for over 2 h. Further increases of the shear to 0.015 s−1 result in the suppression of any low-level mesocyclone, despite the presence of intense rotation at midlevels of the storm. We hypothesize that differences in the distribution of precipitation ...
Tissue Kallikrein in Rat Brain and Pituitary: Regional Distribution and Estrogen Induction in the Anterior Pituitary

We have detected tissue kallikrein and kallikrein mRNA in various brain regions with a kallikrein direct RIA and with nucleic acid hybridization using a kallikrein cDNA probe. In the direct RIA, rat urinary kallikrein-like activity was found in the pituitary and pineal glands, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Pituitary and pineal gland kallikrein concentrations were significantly higher than those in other regions. Only in pituitary was there a significant difference in tissue kallikrein concentration according to sex, with glands from female rats showing levels 4-fold higher than those from male rats. Kallikrein mRNAs were detected in all of the regions and were about 4-fold higher in female than in male pituitary gland. Northern blot analyses show sex dimorphism of pituitary kallikrein mRNA, similar in size to submandibular gland and kidney mRNA. In castrated male rats, whole pituitary kallikrein content was reduced to 50% of the control value and increased 1.7-fold with testosterone replacement and 18-fold with 17 beta-estradiol treatment. Neither T4 nor cortisol affected whole pituitary kallikrein levels in the castrated male rat, but testosterone decreased pituitary kallikrein in normal female rats by 35%. When anterior pituitary or neurointermediate lobe extracts were separately examined, immunoreactive kallikrein was 10.2- and 1.3-fold higher respectively, in female than in male rat lobes. Estradiol benzoate (30 micrograms/kg) administration increased kallikrein levels 90- and 22-fold, respectively, in the anterior pituitary of gonadectomized male and female rats, while it increased by only 40-50% kallikrein levels in the male and female neurointermediate lobe. In dot blot analysis, kallikrein mRNA levels were increased 5-fold by 17 beta-estradiol in the whole pituitary of castrated male rats. In the cytoplasmic dot hybridization analysis, estradiol benzoate treatment increased kallikrein mRNA levels 54-fold in the anterior pituitary of ovariectomized rats. The data show that a tissue kallikrein indistinguishable thus far from a urinary kallikrein is widely distributed in brain and pituitary and that levels of enzyme and mRNA are comparable in certain central sites. Kallikrein levels in the anterior and neurointermediate pituitaries are differentially regulated by estrogen.
Realization of a Bragg reflection filter wavemeter

We present the preliminary results of a metrological standard for fiber Bragg gratings. This device is based on well-established wavemeter concepts and allows for the a priori determination of Bragg resonances that are verifiable and accurate. Although the concept is demonstrated here with small-fringe-number samplings, the production and detection of images of 50,000 metering fringes was easily accomplished with a nonidealized imaging system. Thus, since the system is characteristically similar to a standard wavemeter, increased fringe counts produce accurate frequency counter ratios for the determination of Bragg resonances, allowing for its application as a universal metering tool for many holographic systems.
One-way functions and the nonisomorphism of NP-complete sets

Abstract The One-way Conjecture states that the existence of nonisomorphic NP-complete sets implies the existence of one-way functions. This paper gives a relativized counterexample to the conjecture by constructing a relativized world that has nonisomorphic NP-complete sets, but lacks one-way functions.
The effects of hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys

Controversy exists regarding the effects of estrogen and estrogen/progestin replacement therapies on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Also unknown are whether changes in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance with hormone therapy affect arterial glycation and atherosclerosis. We studied ovariectomized female monkeys fed a lipid-lowering diet and given either no hormone replacement therapy (n = 25) or conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) alone (n = 22) or combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate ([MPA] n = 21) for 30 months. Monkeys receiving combined hormone replacement had significantly higher fasting glucose and insulin levels and higher insulin responses to a glucose challenge compared with controls or those given estrogen alone. Monkeys given estrogen-only therapy had lower body weights, lower measures of abdominal adiposity, and decreased serum androgen concentrations. However, due to the effective dietary lipid decrease, there was no additional effect of hormone treatment on atherosclerosis. Also, there was no correlation between either arterial glycation or insulin levels and atherosclerosis extent. Thus, although there were adverse effects of combined hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism, we were unable to determine whether these effects altered the extent of atherosclerosis.
The Spanish American roots of William Carlos Williams

As David Ignatow's foreword notes, the time is ripe for a multicultural canonical modernist, and Marzan himself, a poet with Puerto Rican roots, has produced an insightful study of Williams' sometimes hidden, sometimes obvious debt to his Spanish American heritage. At the same time, Marzan raises serious questions about how 'ethnic' literature shapes the modern canon. --American Literature I have been waiting for some time for a study of Williams's Latin American roots, and this book fills that bill. . . . It's a significant addition to the Williams canon. --Paul Mariani, author of William Carlos Williams: A New World Naked William Carlos Williams wrote from an all-encompassing American vision that recalls the spirit of Walt Whitman. Paradoxically, though, this most-American poet sprang from foreign roots--a Puerto Rican mother and a father who was an English-born Caribbean islander. In this poetically evocative work, Julio Marzan explores the Latin American roots of Williams' poetry. In particular, he focuses on the dualities and contradictions between Williams' public, North American persona, Bill, and his private, poetically encrypted Latin persona, Carlos. He shows how Williams' poetry draws on Latin American and Spanish sources, particularly the poetry of Spaniard Luis de Gongora, to encode a Latin subtext in poems that ostensibly present a mainstream, Anglo vision. These explorations uncover a wealth of complexity in Williams and his poetry. Reflecting the experience of many immigrants, his life and work embody the unreconcilable desires to assimilate and win acceptance in a new land while remaining separate and immersed in the beloved culture of one'sbirth. A published poet, Julio Marzan is also editor of Inventing a Word: An Anthology of Twentieth-Century Puerto Rican Poetry.
The Genetic Basis of X-Ray Induced Recessive Lethal Mutations

to the proportion of such lethals associated with chromosomal breakage and the proportion produced independently of breakage. Although it is possible all three types of lethals occur at or near points on chromosomes that have been broken, only point mutation would seem to be capable of arising without chromosomal breakage as a prerequisite. LEA and CATCHESIDE (1945) and HERSKOWITZ (1946) have analyzed the available data and concluded that the great majority of recessive lethals occurred in association with the phenomenon of breakage. At that time it did not seem necessary to postulate any appreciable number of lethals were due to point mutation unassociated with breaks or to position effect. Since then, however, a number of inconsistencies have been noted in this hypothesis, chiefly by FANO (1947) and MULLER (1950), and accordingly, it seemed desirable to reexamine the problem at this time. Several studies with Drosophila melalzogaster have shown an intimate relationship between the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements and recessive lethals. MULLER and ALTENBURG (1930) found that many translocations were accompanied by a recessive lethal effect. OLIVER (1930, 1932) and HERSKOWITZ (1946) irradiated mature sperm of the Canton-S stock, detected lethals on the X chromosome, and subsequently tested them for association with gross chromosomal rearrangements. Using the same criteria, they found the percent of lethal cultures showing rearrangement increased with dosage and that, in almost all cases, it was impossible to separate the lethal from the rearrangement by crossing over. The same type of observation was made by DEMEREC (1937). After examining a number of lethal cultures for their association with chromosomal rearrangements, he found an increase with dosage in the percent of lethals which were associated with rearrangements. DEMEREC also found that in more than 90 percent of the cases the lethal was at or very close to a breakage point of the rearrangement. Other data relative to this a;e found in DEMEREC and FANO (1941). There are two ways a lethal associated with a chromosomal rearrangement might arise. Either it is produced directly or indirectly by the ionizing radiation that causes the break or it results when broken chromosome ends unite 1This study has been supported by a grant from the NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, X-RAY point mutation, deficiency, and position effect. The question arose as
Shattuck lecture--the health care priorities of the Bush administration.

The timing of this lecture is appropriate. The nation has a new president and a new secretary of health and human services. Therefore, it is important to articulate the direction of the Bush administration's health care policies. Because the quality and cost of health care have become more visible and complex national issues, the challenges and opportunities facing the Department of Health and Human Services deserve careful scrutiny as never before. In this lecture I would like to discuss five priorities of immediate concern. Undoubtedly, there are others of importance. But these five concerns present national health care challenges and . . .
The application of acid free antiscalant to mitigate scaling in reverse osmosis membranes

Abstract This study evaluated alternatives to the traditional sulfuric acid/sodium heaxametaphosphate (SHMP) chemical treatment program for use in reverse osmosis (RO) permeators. The aim was to find a simpler, safer (no acid), and more economical scale inhibition program. The study was conducted by using a pilot plant reverse osmosis skid. Three 4-inch B-9 hollow fine fiber (HFF) membranes were used in each test. These were arranged in a 2:1 array, whereby the supply water was fed into two parallel modules and the brine reject from these modules was combined and fed to a third module. Three different commerical antiscalants were evaluated. The paper discusses in some detail the fiber bundle autopsies of the membranes treated with different antiscalants. It also discusses the chemical analyses carried out and the detailed identification of the foulants found.
Equivalent binding of wild-type lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1, the endothelial cell LPL transporter

The S447X polymorphism in lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which shortens LPL by two amino acids, is associated with low plasma triglyceride levels and reduced risk for coronary heart disease. S447X carriers have higher LPL levels in the pre- and post-heparin plasma, raising the possibility that the S447X polymorphism leads to higher LPL levels within capillaries. One potential explanation for increased amounts of LPL in capillaries would be more avid binding of S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 (the protein that binds LPL dimers and shuttles them to the capillary lumen). This explanation seems plausible because sequences within the carboxyl terminus of LPL are known to mediate LPL binding to GPIHBP1. To assess the impact of the S447X polymorphism on LPL binding to GPIHBP1, we compared the ability of internally tagged versions of wild-type LPL (WT-LPL) and S447X-LPL to bind to GPIHBP1 in both cell-based and cell-free binding assays. In the cell-based assay, we compared the binding of WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 on the surface of cultured cells. This assay revealed no differences in the binding of WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1. In the cell-free assay, we compared the binding of internally tagged WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to soluble GPIHBP1 immobilized on agarose beads. Again, no differences in the binding of WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 were observed. We conclude that increased binding of S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 is unlikely to be the explanation for more efficient lipolysis and lower plasma triglyceride levels in S447X carriers.
Preliminary formulation development for aqueous surfactant-based soybean oil extraction

Abstract Soybean oils are increasingly being used for a range of non-food applications, including production of biofuels and oleochemicals. While most soybean oil is produced by hexane-based extraction methods, concern about environmental and health effects from hexane extraction has led to increased interest in development of aqueous extraction methods. Among aqueous methods, surfactant-based aqueous extraction of vegetable oils has shown particular promise as an alternative to hexane-based extraction methods. The objectives of this work were to explore the use of surfactant-based methods for the extraction of soybean oils, and to test whether the use of mixed anionic–cationic and anionic–cationic–nonionic surfactant mixtures could successfully be used to reduce the salinity requirements for surfactant-based extraction. All three formulations tested were capable of producing ultra-low (
‘UnSTEADy'ness in elderly: Unexplained syncope induced by tachycardia in elderly with AV nodal disease and LV diastolic dysfunction

Syncope is most often due to temporary and self-terminating global cerebral hypoperfusion with an increased incidence in patients older than 70 years of age [1]. Although the etiopathogenesis of syncope is largely ascribed to neurally mediated, cardiovascular and orthostatic mechanisms, around 18% of patients have multiple potential causes, sometimes overlapping or by hitherto unexplained mechanisms [2]. Herein, we present a case of unexplained syncope and elucidate a mechanism which could plausibly explain the etiopathogenesis in a subset of elderly population presenting with syncope. An 84-year old Caucasian woman was brought to our emergency department (ED) after she passed out while watching and cheering at a baseball game. The patient was apparently pulseless at that time according to a family friend cardiologist who was seated next to her and had performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the ED, her vital signs were stable with no orthostatic intolerance and the physical exam was unremarkable. Her past medical history included hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease and two recent episodes of
244 x 320 Schottky focal plane array

High performance thermal imagers, such a serial and parallel scanned FLIRs are now readily available. In these sensors an array of photo-conductive HgCdTe detectors is scanned over the infrared scene, using a combination of opto-mechanical components to generate a two dimensional display. The replacement of mechanically scanning with electronically addressed 'staring arrays' is very attractive since the all electronic approach allows the fabrication of small light-weight imagers. The performance of staring imagers is determined more by FPA charge handling capacity and residual nonuniformity after compensation and less by choice of detector material or spectral bands. Our analysis and measurements indicate that a 244 X 320 FPA based upon platinum silicide detectors is well suited to meet the requirements of small high performance thermal imagers.
Free recall of self-embedded english sentences

Subjects were given five trials to memorize 22-word sentences that varied in degree of self-embedding. Sentences with self-embedded phrase structure proved more difficult to learn, which is interpreted to mean that our capacity to deal with recursive interruptions may be extremely limited.
Operator bias characterizing stream substrates using Wolman pebble counts with a standard measurement template

This study characterizes the variability associated with using a standard measurement template to perform Wolman pebble counts of coarse stream substrates. Four 10-count and two 12-count replicate experiments were conducted by five operators at three sample sites within gravel-bed streams using a gravel template. Results show significant differences between different operators sampling the same location, as observed in previous studies conducted without a standard sampling template, as well as significant variability within each operator's replicate samples. Variability was highest in clast estimates larger than D50 suggesting that these metrics cannot be consistently derived from Wolman pebble count samples. Variability was also highest in the low order study site suggesting that the sedimentary characteristics of low order streams increase the chance for operator bias. In light of our findings, we suggest that traditional 100-particle Wolman counts be utilized with more caution than is the current norm.
The desire to be desired: magic spells, agency, and the politics of desire among the Petalangan people in Indonesia

Abstract The Petalangan people in Indonesia practice beauty and love spells to evoke others’ desire. This article explores (1) the linguistic features and devices that are available for Petalangans to represent and recognize specific attributes of desires and (2) the metalinguistic dimensions of the language practice. The analysis demonstrates that Petalangan notions of desire are not necessarily associated with sexuality, but rather with the differences in agency and power between subjects and objects of desire. I discuss how a performer of the spells acquires agency by denying one’s own power and intentions, thus critiquing the conventional Western ideas of agency that emphasize individual will and intentions.
Improved separation of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures using novel column combinations in GC × GC/ToF-MS.

Complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are difficult to resolve because of the high degree of overlap in compound vapor pressures, boiling points, and mass spectral fragmentation patterns. The objective of this research was to improve the separation of complex PAH mixtures (including 97 different parent, alkyl-, nitro-, oxy-, thio-, chloro-, bromo-, and high molecular weight PAHs) using GC × GC/ToF-MS by maximizing the orthogonality of different GC column combinations and improving the separation of PAHs from the sample matrix interferences, including unresolved complex mixtures (UCM). Four different combinations of nonpolar, polar, liquid crystal, and nanostationary phase columns were tested. Each column combination was optimized and evaluated for orthogonality using a method based on conditional entropy that considers the quantitative peak distribution in the entire 2D space. Finally, an atmospheric particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) sample from Beijing, China, a soil ...
MDMA ('ecstasy') and other 'club drugs'. The new epidemic.

Unfortunately, perceptions that the club drugs can be safe endure. Some groups, such as the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Study, continue to lobby for the legalization of MDMA for research purposes [76]. DanceSafe is an organization that seeks to educate the "nonaddicted" user to decrease the risks [82]. The DanceSafe Web site offers tips on the safe use of MDMA, such as attention to hydration status and ambient temperature. It also offers free testing of tablets submitted by mail and sells home testing kits to determine the content of pills sold as "ecstasy." Although much remains unknown about the long-term consequences of MDMA and the club drugs, there are clearly enough short-term dangers to prompt more aggressive education and surveillance for its use. Scare tactics and exaggerations often are ignored [53], while Web sites full of anecdotal or incomplete information may lead the unaware user to increased use [113]. Organizations such as DanceSafe imply that proper education decreases addiction and that only uneducated users or addicts suffer the life-altering consequences of drug use. The fallacy in the mission of educating "nonaddicted" users is evident. Peer-based education, with a focus on both he short-term dangers and long-term consequences, may be a more effective approach [9]. Both new and established drugs of abuse continue to plague teens and young adults. Pediatric, family practice, and Med-Peds physicians, and pediatric pharmacologists need to remain vigilant about patterns and trends of drug abuse. MDMA and the other "club drugs" are not benign. Their effects target the brain, alter neurochemistry, and possibly cause irreversible structural damage. What may seem like a harmless drug in a weekend dance club has the potential for major public health problems in years to come [109]. Effective education and timely intervention may prevent these addictive drugs from becoming a way of life, a lifestyle that may have a literal "dead end."
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A SEER Database Analysis

Small cell cancer (SCC) of the esophagus is an uncommon malignancy with perceived poor prognosis, but there are few data to guide therapeutic decisions. We examined the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify prognostic factors for survival. All patients with esophageal cancer in the SEER database between 1973 and 2009 were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in patients with and without SCC, examining the relationship of small cell histology, surgery, and other potential prognostic factors with overall survival (censored at 72 months). Of 64,799 esophageal cancer patients identified in the SEER database, 387 (0.6 %) had small cell histology. As compared with non-small cell histology, patients with small cell histology were similar in age and race but had a higher proportion of women (p < 0.001), had a higher stage at diagnosis (p < 0.001), and were less likely to undergo surgical resection (p < 0.01). Multivariate predictors associated with poor survival in the overall cohort included age, female gender, black race, and stage. In patients treated with surgery, multivariate predictors associated with poor survival included age, male gender, race, and stage but not small cell histology. In patients with small cell histology, both age and stage were associated with poor survival, but surgery and preoperative radiotherapy were associated with improved survival. SCC of the esophagus presents at an advanced stage and confers a poor prognosis. The survival benefit of surgery and radiotherapy suggests that all esophageal SCC patients should be considered for preoperative radiotherapy and surgery in a stage-appropriate fashion.
Long-lasting potentiation and depression by novel isoproterenol and cholecystokinin 8-S interactions in the dentate gyrus.

In the in vitro hippocampal slice, novel interactions of a β-adrenergic agonist (l-isoproterenol) and neuropeptide (cholecystokinin 8-S) differentially produce long-lasting modifications in the dentate gyrus. When co-applied, a low concentration of l-isoproterenol (50–75 nM) and cholecystokinin 8-S (1.0 μM) produce long-lasting depression of evoked action potentials (i.e., population spikes). In contrast, the same concentration of l-isoproterenol followed by a 30-min wash with artificial cerebrospinal fluid and application of cholecystokinin 8-S produces long-lasting potentiation of evoked action potentials. In neither condition are there corresponding modifications of excitatory post-synaptic potentials. These results indicate that l-isoproterenol and cholecystokinin 8-S temporally interact to differentially produce depression or potentiation of granule cell activation. In contrast to long-lasting modifications produced by continuous application of 1.0 μM l-isoproterenol, in which both evoked action potentials and excitatory post-synaptic potentials are affected, the present novel paradigm may modify an extra-synaptic locus.
Continuous-flow particle and cell separations in a serpentine microchannel via curvature-induced dielectrophoresis

Particle and cell separations are critical to chemical and biomedical analyses. This study demonstrates a continuous-flow electrokinetic separation of particles and cells in a serpentine microchannel through curvature-induced dielectrophoresis. The separation arises from the particle size-dependent cross-stream dielectrophoretic deflection that is generated by the inherent electric field gradients within channel turns. Through the use of a sheath flow to focus the particle mixture, we implement a continuous separation of 1 and 5 μm polystyrene particles in a serpentine microchannel under a 15 kV/m DC electric field. The effects of the applied DC voltages and the serpentine length on the separation performance are examined. The same channel is also demonstrated to separate yeast cells (range in diameter between 4 and 8 μm) from 3 μm particles under an electric field as low as 10 kV/m. The observed focusing and separation processes for particles and cells in the serpentine microchannel are reasonably predicted by a numerical model.
Elders, families, and illness

Abstract While it is clear that illness of an elderly family member affects the family in many ways, there are few models of the family-illness intermesh. This article presents conceptual approaches to the issue that are related to health of elders. They are based on assumptions of mutality in the family-illness encounter; i.e. that while illness affects the family unit the latter also affects the course of, and outcomes from, an illness episode. The first model that is introduced to conceptualize the family illness encounter at later life proposes a complex set of interactions. The second model builds upon the first and proposes, (a) a dyadic focus and, (b) diversity in family response patterns. The models were empirically tested among families dealing with heart problems of an elder. The tests verified mutuality in the family illness interface as well as showing the diversity of dyadic responses. They suggest a complex set of interactions that constitute the family illness encounter at later life.
Rheological properties of mixtures of molten polymer and fluorocarbon blowing agent. II. Mixtures of polystyrene and fluorocarbon blowing agent

The viscosities of mixtures of polystyrene and fluorocarbon blowing agent were determined, using the experimental technique described in Paper I of this series. For the study, three commercial grades of polystyrene were used, together with the following fluorocarbon blowing agents, trichlorofluoromethane (FC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (FC-12), and blends of FC-11 and FC-12. For each combination of polystyrene and blowing agent, blowing agent concentration and melt temperature were varied. We have found that, for all three polystyrenes used, a single correlation exists between the viscosity reduction factor (VRF) and the blowing agent concentration, in which VRF is defined as the ratio of the viscosity of polystyrene-blowing agent mixture to that of polystyrene homopolymer. The correlation was found to be independent of shear rate and temperature, and dependent upon only the type of fluorocarbon blowing agent. It was suggested that such a correlation be used in predicting the bulk viscosity of mixtures of polystyrene and fluorocarbon blowing agent, using information on the viscosity of polystyrene alone.
A model for friction in quasi-steady-state sliding part II. Numerical results and discussion

Abstract This paper presents numerical results and comparisons with some experimental data for a newly developed theoretical model for the prediction of the coefficient of friction for elasto-plastic surfaces in quasi-steady-state sliding. A companion paper presents the derivation of the model, which considers the separate effects of asperity interaction and deformation, debris interaction and plowing, and adhesion, with partitioning of normal load (and contact areas) between different contacting elements. In this paper the significance of various parameters which appear in the model is reviewed and suggested values are determined for use in cases where not all quantities are known. It is seen that mechanical properties, surface roughness characteristics and the size and quantity of entrapped debris are important factors, while adhesion is not. Finally, by comparing theoretical results with some experimental data from the literature, the overall predictive capability of the model is shown to be quite good.
The High Cost of Incompletely Funding the FSLIC Shortage of Explicit Capital

A useful parallel can be drawn between the Alaskan oil spill of 1989 and the flood of red ink spilled in recent years by U.S. thrift institutions (savings and loan associations and savings banks). In each case, initial damage from the spill was severely compounded by delaying and mishandling the clean-up required. For more than a decade, federal officials refused to acknowledge that the thrift ink spill had compromised the integrity of the supporting deposit-insurance fund. Instead of promptly shoring up the finances of this fund, officials used accounting smoke and mirrors to cover up the fund's secularly increasing capital shortage. This prolonged refusal to face up to the magnitude of the underfunding imposed enormous costs on society as a whole.
Insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-37) appears not to augment insulin-mediated glucose uptake in young men during euglycemia.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal insulinotropic hormone that augments insulin secretion in response to meals and lowers blood glucose levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects. It has been proposed that a substantial component of the glucose-lowering effects of GLP-1 occurs via insulin-independent mechanisms. However, the interpretations of the studies have been controversial. This study was conducted to examine whether glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) has an insulin-like effect during euglycemia. Nine young lean men (age, 25 +/- 1.4 yr; body mass index, 24.0 +/- 0.7 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in two euglycemic clamp studies (n = 18 clamps) for 120 min. The initial clamp was performed with a primed continuous infusion of GLP-1 at a final rate of 1.5 pmol/kg.min from 0-60 min. At 60 min, the GLP-1 infusion was terminated, and euglycemia was maintained from 60-120 min. After the GLP-1 study, each individual's plasma insulin level was measured. A second study was performed that was identical to the first, with the infusion of regular insulin in place of GLP-1. Insulin infusion rates were designed in each individual to simulate plasma insulin levels produced during the GLP-1 infusion. The rate of disappearance of glucose was calculated for each subject. Basal plasma insulin levels were similar between studies and averaged 49 +/- 5 pmol/L. Basal GLP-1 levels were also similar (6.0 +/- 1.0 pmol/L). In response to the GLP-1 infusion, although basal plasma glucose levels were clamped, significant increases in insulin occurred in all subjects (P < 0.001). With the nearly identical plasma insulin levels during the two studies (30-60 min levels: GLP-1 study, 151 +/- 48; insulin study, 146 +/- 31 pmol/L), the rate of disappearance of glucose progressively increased in response to both GLP-1 and insulin infusions, but was not significantly different between the studies. The design of the study necessitated conducting the GLP-1 study first, which may have been accompanied by a greater stress than the second study. We, therefore, measured cortisol levels. Basal cortisol (and ACTH) levels were not different. However, cortisol levels significantly increased during the GLP-1 infusions, and this was preceded by an increase in ACTH levels. Somatostatin levels were not different either basally or during the clamps. We conclude that in the euglycemic state, an acute infusion of GLP-1 does not have insulin-like effects in lean nondiabetic men. Intravenous administration of GLP-1 activates hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons.
The Role of Liposome Composition on the Stabilization of Ancitabine

AbstractReduction in the ancitabine hydrolysis rate in an alkaline medium was achieved by liposome encapsulation of stable ancitabine solutions. The degree of success was gauged using stabilization ratios which compare rates of hydrolysis of free and encapsulated ancitabine under identical conditions. Stabilization ratios as high as 22 were observed when the phase transition temperature (PTT) values were 16 to 26°C higher than the storage temperature. Liposomes composed of phospholipids with PTT values below storage temperatures were ineffective. Increased liposome permeability was evidenced by rapid, nearly complete, release of encapsulated ancitabine at temperatures above the PTT. The inclusion of cholesterol in the liposomes reduced the maximum stabilization ratios from 22 to 4.
Gestures and conceptual integration in mathematical talk

Spontaneous gesture produced in conjunction with speech is considered as both a source of data about mathematical thinking, and as an integral modality in communication and cognition. The analysis draws on a corpus of more than 200 gestures collected during 3 h of interviews with prospective elementary school teachers on the topic of fractions. The analysis examines how gestures express meaning, utilizing the framework of cognitive linguistics to argue that gestures are both composed of, and provide inputs to, conceptual blends for mathematical ideas, and a standard typology drawn from gesture studies is extended to address the function of gestures within mathematics more appropriately.
The inductive effect of piperonyl butoxide on microsomal demethylase activity

Abstract A dose dependent increase in rat hepatic microsomal demethylase activities associated with an increase in relative liver weight was found after repeated i.p. injections of piperonyl butoxide. Type I substrates were used (see Materials and Methods). The degree of induction was similar to that seen after treatment with DDT. An increase in demethylase activities was not found in preparations from brain, kidney, lung and small intestine. Inhibition following a single injection of piperonyl butoxide could not be demonstrated. The apparent discrepancy of this result with the known inhibitory effect of piperonyl butoxide on microsomal preparations from insects, and experiments reported with mice, is discussed.
The diffraction of x-rays by stearates of calcium, barium and magnesium

1. Pure calcium, barium, and magnesium stearates have been prepared. 2. X-ray diffraction powder diagrams of these metallic soaps have been obtained as standard references for analysis. 3. The probability of the non-existence of basic alkaline earth and mixed acid soaps were shown. 4. The probable course of reactions taking place during the production of greases at high temperatures involving the presence of excess base is outlined.