cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The semigroup associated with nonlinear age dependent population dynamics

Abstract The solutions of the equations of nonlinear age dependent population dynamics may be associated with a strongly continuous semigroup of nonlinear operators in the Banach space L 1 (0, ∞; R n ). The infinitesimal generator of this nonlinear semigroup is characterized and an exponential representation formula for the nonlinear semigroup is obtained in terms of the infinitesimal generator.
Quantitation of 5-fluorouracil incorporation into RNA by high-performance liquid chromatography without the use of radioactive precursors.

In this note we report the development of a method for identifying and quantitating 2',3'-FUMP (the 2' and 3' mixed isomers of fluorouridine monophosphate) in alkaline hydrolystates of murine tumor RNA using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV spectrophotometry
On the nomenclature of rotational and vibrational resonances in axially symmetric molecules

Abstract A nomenclature is proposed for the various resonances observed in rotation and rotation-vibration spectra.
Upper extremity salvage using the tensor fascia lata flap: Report of two cases

The tensor fascia lata pedicled flap was successfully used to salvage 3 severely injured upper extremities in 2 patients. Both patients had undergone 3 prior free tissue transfers without complete closure of their wounds. All 3 tensor fascia lata flaps (2 myocutaneous, 1 myofascial) survived entirely. We believe this flap offers a distinct advantage compared with the groin flap when pedicled flap coverage of the upper extremity is required.
A linear model for managing the risk of antimicrobial resistance originating in food animals

A linear population risk model used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) estimates the risk of human cases of campylobacteriosis caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter. Among the cases of campylobacteriosis attributed to domestically produced chicken, the fluoroquinolone resistance is assumed to result from the use of fluoroquinolones in poultry in the United States. Properties of the linear population risk model are contrasted with those of a farm-to-fork model commonly used for microbial risk assessments. The utility of the linear population model for the purpose for which it was used by CVM is discussed.
A role for the CRF-containing pathway from central nucleus of the amygdala to bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats.

Rationale: We reported previously that bilateral injection of a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-receptor antagonist, D-Phe CRF12–41, into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) blocks the reinstatement of cocaine seeking induced by footshock, whereas the injection of CRF into the same region induces reinstatement. One source of CRF in the BNST arises from a CRF-containing projection originating in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Objective: To determine whether the CRF-containing projection from the amygdala to the BNST is involved in the mediation of stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking by functionally interrupting the pathway. Methods: Rats trained to self-administer cocaine (1 mg/kg, IV, 9 days) were given extinction sessions after a 10- to 11-day drug-free period, followed by tests for stress-induced reinstatement (footshock: 15 min intermittent 0.8-mA footshocks given immediately before presentation of the previously active lever). Before the tests, animals were pretreated with either: (1) TTX (2.5 ng) in amygdala (including the CeA) in one hemisphere and D-Phe CRF12–41 (50 ng) in BNST in the other, (2) unilateral TTX, or (3) unilateral D-Phe. Results: Footshock reinstated cocaine seeking following unilateral injections of either TTX in amygdala or D-Phe in BNST, but following the injection of both TTX in amygdala and D-Phe in BNST the effects of footshock were greatly attenuated. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CRF-containing pathway from CeA to BNST is involved in mediating the effects of CRF and its receptor antagonist in the BNST on the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
Ascl1 (Mash1) lineage cells contribute to discrete cell populations in CNS architecture

Ascl1 (previously Mash1) is a bHLH transcription factor essential for neuronal differentiation and specification in the nervous system. Although it has been studied for its role in several neural lineages, the full complement of lineages arising from Ascl1 progenitor cells remains unknown. Using an inducible Cre-flox genetic fate-mapping strategy, Ascl1 lineages were determined throughout the brain. Ascl1 is present in proliferating progenitor cells but these cells are actively differentiating as evidenced by rapid migration out of germinal zones. Ascl1 lineage cells contribute to distinct cell types in each major brain division: the forebrain including the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, and thalamic nuclei, the midbrain including superior and inferior colliculi, and the hindbrain including Purkinje and deep cerebellar nuclei cells and cells in the trigeminal sensory system. Ascl1 progenitor cells at early stages in each CNS region preferentially become neurons, and at late stages they become oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, Ascl1-expressing progenitor cells in the brain give rise to multiple, but not all, neuronal subtypes and oligodendrocytes depending on the temporal and spatial context, consistent with a broad role in neural differentiation with some subtype specification.
Lagrangian chaos and multiphase processes in vortex flows

Abstract We discuss experimental and numerical studies of the effects of Lagrangian chaos (chaotic advection) on the stretching of a drop of an immiscible impurity in a flow. We argue that the standard capillary number used to describe this process is inadequate since it does not account for advection of a drop between regions of the flow with varying velocity gradient. Consequently, we propose a Lagrangian-generalized capillary number CL number based on finite-time Lyapunov exponents. We present preliminary tests of this formalism for the stretching of a single drop of oil in an oscillating vortex flow, which has been shown previously to exhibit Lagrangian chaos. Probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the stretching of this drop have features that are similar to PDFs of CL. We also discuss on-going experiments that we have begun on drop stretching in a blinking vortex flow.
A rapid procedure for the isolation and purification of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.

Abstract A rapid purification procedure has been developed for the isolation of reaction centers From Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain R-26. The procedure takes about 7 h and results in yields of 60–75%. The ratio of the optical absorbances at 280 and 800 nm is between 1.4 and 1.5, and preparations can be made with either one or two quinones per reaction center. EPR spectra show a sharp g 1.83 signal for the ubisemiquinone. The substitution of lauryl maltoside for lauryldimethylamine oxide suppresses reaction-center degradation in solution.
Polymeric alkenoxy amino acid surfactants: III. Chiral separations of binaphthyl derivatives

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was investigated for the enantiomeric separations of three binaphthyl derivatives ((+/-)-1,1'-bi-(2-naphthol) (BOH), (+/-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogenphosphate (BNP), and (+/-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BNA)) using two recently synthesized chiral polymeric surfactants (polysodium N-undecenoxy carbonyl-L-leucinate (poly-L-SUCL) and polysodium N-undecenoxy carbonyl-L-isoleucinate (poly-L-SUCIL)) in our laboratory. Enantiomeric separation (resolution and selectivity) of the binaphthyl derivatives was influenced by polymerization concentration of the monomeric surfactant, pH, type and concentration of the background electrolyte (BGE) as well as concentration of the polymeric surfactant. Two BGEs (dibasic phosphate and Tris-borate) were compared for this study. The use of dibasic phosphate as BGE in poly-L-SUCL provides baseline resolution of (+/-) BOH and (+/-) BNP, however, no resolution and selectivity at all was observed for (+/-) BNA. A similar approach was adopted with Tris-borate-poly-L-SUCL system at fixed pH 10.1, which resulted in baseline resolution of all three binaphthyl derivatives. Although R(s) of binaphthyl derivatives was always higher and electroosmotic flow (EOF) was always lower using Tris-borate than with dibasic phosphate, the selectivity values for the two buffer systems did not differ significantly. In addition, it was found that poly-L-SUCL provided better enantiomeric resolution and selectivity for (+/-) BOH and (+/-) BNA, while poly-L-SUCIL provided enhanced enantiomeric resolution but similar enantioselectivity for (+/-) BNP. This indicates that the depth of analyte penetration into the palisade layer and the micellar core are responsible for chiral recognition of hydrophobic analyte (e.g., (+/-) BOH, and (+/-) BNA) whereas for moderately hydrophobic analyte (e.g., (+/-) BNP) interaction with the polar head group seems to dictate chiral recognition. Simultaneous enantioresolution of all three binaphthyl derivatives was possible in a single electrophoretic run using either poly-L-SUCL or poly-L-SUCIL. Further comparison of the two polymeric surfactants showed that poly-L-SUCL provided slightly longer analysis time than poly-L-SUCIL but the use of the former polymeric surfactant should be preferred due to its ability to provide complete baseline resolution and higher selectivity of all the three atropisomers with a wider chiral window.
SAMe and sexual functioning.

Abstract Background Sexual dysfunction is a known side effect of antidepressant treatment (ADT), affecting up to 58–73% of those who receive ADT, potentially affecting antidepressant adherence. Consequently, it is vital to develop novel treatments that target antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Methods We examined whether adjunctive S-adenosyl- l -methionine (SAMe) is associated with greater improvement in sexual functioning than adjunctive placebo by measuring changes in sexual functioning using the Massachusetts General Hospital–Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) during a 6-week, single-center, randomized, double-blind trial of SAMe augmentation for SSRI/SNRI- nonresponders. Results Controlling for the degree of arousal dysfunction at baseline as well as the degree of change in HDRS-17 scale scores during the course of the study, men treated with adjunctive SAMe demonstrated significantly lower arousal dysfunction at endpoint than those treated with adjunctive placebo. In addition, controlling for the degree of erectile dysfunction at baseline as well as the degree of change in HDRS-17 scale scores, men treated with adjunctive SAMe demonstrated significantly lower erectile dysfunction at endpoint than those treated with adjunctive placebo. Conclusions In the present study, we have observed that adjunctive SAMe can have positive benefit on male arousal and erectile dysfunction, independent of improvement in depressive symptoms. These findings are preliminary, and warrant replication. Clinical trials.gov identifier NCT00093847 ; titled ‘Optimizing the Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Treatment-Resistant Depression’, accessible at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00093847 .
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Oxygen Annealed Radio Frequency Sputter Deposited SiCN Thin Films

Thin films of amorphous silicon carbide nitride (a-SiC x N y ) were deposited in a rf magnetron sputtering system using a sintered SiC target. Films with various compositions were deposited onto silicon substrate by changing the N 2 /Ar gas ratios during sputtering. These films were annealed in dry oxygen ambient in the temperature range of 400-900°C. Subsequently these annealed films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the chemical composition and oxidation kinetics at each annealing temperature. The results indicated that the oxidation of films was more gradual for the samples deposited with no nitrogen compared to the ones deposited with nitrogen.
Caregiver Self-Rated Health in Alzheimer's Disease

Poorer self-rated physical health represents an important outcome of dementia caregiving. However, the impact of specific care-giver and patient factors on this variable remains unclear. This study...
Infrared radiation properties of nitric oxide at elevated temperatures

Abstract The spectral absorptivity of nitric oxide gas has been measured at low resolution using a furnace-absorption cell apparatus. These measurements were made at temperatures ranging from 300°K to 1200°K, while the optical pathlengths were such that the resulting data fell in the transition to strong absorbing regions. The results are correlated in terms of spectral mean (or narrow band) properties as well as wide-band properties. The spectral mean correlation is based on the Elsasser model in terms of the line-strength and line-shape parameters, while the exponential wide-band model is used for band absorptance correlation. A total emissivity chart for NO is constructed using the results of the band absorptance correlation.
In vitro elution of gentamicin, amikacin, and ceftiofur from polymethylmethacrylate and hydroxyapatite cement.

Objective To compare the elution characteristics of ceftiofur and liquid and powdered gentamicin and amikacin from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and from hydroxyapatite cement (HAC). Methods PMMA and HAC beads in triplicate were impregnated with various amounts and formulations of antibiotics. Beads were immersed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline that was replaced at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30 days. The eluent was stored at -70 degrees C until assayed within 2 weeks by microbiological assay (gentamicin and amikacin) or capillary electrophoresis (ceftiofur). Results Rate of elution for all beads was greatest within the first 24 hours. Cumulative release of total antibiotic dose from beads over 30 days was significantly greater from HAC than PMMA. Antibiotic elution was directly related to the amount of antibiotic incorporated into the cement. Powdered and liquid forms of gentamicin had similar elution rates from PMMA. Elution of amikacin from PMMA beads was greater when the powdered form was used compared with liquid amikacin. Eluent concentrations of ceftiofur were similar to those of the aminoglycosides during the first 3 to 7 days but then decreased precipitously by comparison. Conclusions Elution of antibiotics from HAC was greater than from PMMA. Gentamicin- and amikacin-impregnated PMMA and HAC released bactericidal concentrations of antibiotic for at least 30 days. Ceftiofur-impregnated PMMA or HAC is unlikely to provide long-term bactericidal concentrations. Clinical relevance Gentamicin and amikacin elute effectively from PMMA and HAC.
Mechanism of Suramin Toxicity in Stable Myelinating Dorsal Root Ganglion Cultures

Abstract Suramin is an experimental chemotherapeutic agent which produces a severe dose-related neuropathy. Suramin inhibits axonal growth from rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. This inhibition is dose dependent and reversed by increasing nerve growth factor concentrations. In this study, myelinating dorsal root ganglion cultures were exposed to various concentrations of suramin and nerve growth factor. Effects were assessed with quantitative light and electron microscopy. Using a systematic sampling technique, suramin was observed to produce dose and time-dependent myelinated fiber degeneration. With 9-day exposure, there was no effect with suramin concentrations of 100 μM or less. At 200 μM, 17% of the myelinated fibers were degenerating at 4 days and 53.3% by 9 days. At 300 μM, this increased to 24 and 84%, respectively. At 671 μM, 72.7% of the myelinated fibers and at 1316 μM, 88.7% of the myelinated fibers were degenerating at 4 days. It appeared that secondary demyelination was the major process. Large multilamellar inclusion bodies filled Schwann cells, particularly those investing unmyelinated fibers and dorsal root ganglia neuron cell bodies. The size and frequency of these inclusions increased with prolonged exposure to suramin (300 μM). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the inclusions were composed primarily of GM1 ganglioside. These effects were not influenced by increasing nerve growth factor up to 500 ng/ml. We conclude that suramin causes injury to both axons and Schwann cells that is not prevented by NGF and produces an experimental form of GM1 gangliosidosis.
An electron impact study of the appearance energies of positive ions from Asf3, AsCl3, AsBr3 and AsF5

Abstract A study of the appearance energies of the various positive ions formed by electron impact upon AsF3, AsCl3, AsBr3 and AsF5 has been made. The reactions forming most of the ions have been deduced and heats of formation of either the ions or their accompanying fragments have been determined. All appearance energies were evaluated by the extrapolated voltage difference method. In addition, the translational energies of the fragment ions from AsF3 were measured and were found to give a linear dependence upon electron energy. Extrapolation to the thermal energy of the ion gave the electron energy equivalent to the heat of the decomposition reaction. In two instances there was excellent agreement with the more conventional appearance energy, in one instance the heat of reaction was less than the conventional appearance energy, and in one the results were not comparable.
Selective deficiency of antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens in a child mosaic for partial trisomy 1 (46,XX,dir dup (1) (q12----q23)/46,XX).

The selective inabil i ty to mount ant ibody responses to polysaceharide ant igens occurs infrequently and usually is seen in association with other defects of the immune system, such as IgG subclass deficiency, funct ional asplenia, and Wiskot t -Aldr ich syndrome. 1 This report describes a selective deficiency of ant ipolysaccharide immuni ty in a child mosaic for part ial t r isomy 1. The association of these two extremely rare conditions in a single pat ient may suggest a role for a gene on chromosome 1 in the humora l immune response to polysaccharide antigens.
Tributylphosphate extraction behavior of bismuthate-oxidized americium.

Higher oxidation states of americium have long been known; however, options for their preparation in acidic solution are limited. The conventional choice, silver-catalyzed peroxydisulfate, is not useful at nitric acid concentrations above about 0.3 M. We investigated the use of sodium bismuthate as an oxidant for Am3+ in acidic solution. Room-temperature oxidation produced AmO22+ quantitatively, whereas oxidation at 80 °C produced AmO2+ quantitatively. The efficacy of the method for the production of oxidized americium was verified by fluoride precipitation and by spectroscopic absorbance measurements. We performed absorbance measurements using a conventional 1 cm cell for high americium concentrations and a 100 cm liquid waveguide capillary cell for low americium concentrations. Extinction coefficients for the absorbance of Am3+ at 503 nm, AmO2+ at 514 nm, and AmO22+ at 666 nm in 0.1 M nitric acid are reported. We also performed solvent extraction experiments with the hexavalent americium using the commo...
Responses to low phosphorus in high and low foliar anthocyanin coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) and maize (Zea mays).

Foliaranthocyaninproductionisfrequentlyinducedbyphosphorusdeficiency,buttheadaptivesignificanceof increasedanthocyaninproductionunderPstress,ifany,remainsunknown.Inthisstudywehypothesisedthatifanthocyanin expression is an adaptive response to mitigate the stress effects of P deficiency, genotypes with constitutive anthocyanin expressionwouldhavegreatertolerancetoPstressthanlowanthocyanin-producinggenotypes.Fourstudieswereconducted ingreenhouse,outdoorchamberand fieldconditionstocomparegeneticallysimilarmaizeandcoleusplantswithcontrasting anthocyanin accumulation (i.e. 'red-leafed' vs 'green-leafed'). In low-P treatments, anthocyanin production did not consistently result in greater photosynthesis or biomass. In coleus, red-leafed phenotypes showed lower chlorophyll a/b ratios suggesting photoprotection by anthocyanins against degradation of light harvesting complex proteins. However, the opposite trend was observed in maize, where red-leafed phenotypes showed greater chlorophyll a/b ratios and lower qP (oxidation state of PSII). Based on results from the various treatments and growth conditions of this study, it could not be concludedthathighfoliaranthocyaninproductionconfersageneralfunctionaladvantageunderlow-Pstress.Moreresearch comparing inducible vs constitutive production may help elucidate the role of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P deficiency responses.
SU(2) versus SU(2)/Z2 lattice gauge theory and the crossover from weak to strong coupling

Abstract We point out that, for weak coupling, the SU(2) lattice gauge theory can be shown to be dominated by an embedded SU(2)/Z2 theory. We propose that the behavior of the SU(2) model in the crossover region is a remnant of the activity of the underlying SU(2)/Z2 theory which shows a phase transition. Such behavior is related to the presence of Z2-monopoles in these theories. We emphasize that modifications of the lattice action, that are innocuous for s→∞, can appreciably change the detailed structure of the crossover region.
Presence and coexistence of putative neurotransmitters in carotid sinus baro- and chemoreceptor afferent neurons

The presence and coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and galanin (GAL) were studied in the petrosal and jugular neurons innervating the carotid body and carotid sinus of the rat. The retrograde labeling of the carotid sinus nerve with Fluoro-gold (FG) demonstrated that most (94.5%) FG-labeled ganglionic neurons were observed in the petrosal ganglion. Fewer (5.2%) FG-labeled neurons were seen in the jugular ganglion and very few (0.3%) were observed in the nodose ganglion. Immunohistochemistry revealed that subpopulations of TH-, VIP-, CGRP-, SP- and GAL-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the petrosal ganglion projected to the carotid sinus nerve. Approximately 4% of FG-labeled neurons contained TH-ir and were predominantly found in the caudal portion of the petrosal ganglion. Nearly 90% of total TH-ir neurons in the petrosal ganglion were labeled with FG. Less than 1% of FG-labeled neurons were immunoreactive for VIP in this ganglion. In the petrosal ganglion, 25% of FG-labeled neurons contained CGRP-ir, and 16.7% of FG-labeled neurons contained SP-ir. 30% of CGRP-ir or SP-ir neurons in the petrosal ganglion were labeled with FG. In the jugular ganglion, no TH- or VIP-ir neurons projected to the carotid sinus nerve and only small populations of CGRP- or SP-ir neurons projected to the carotid sinus nerve. Many FG-labeled and GAL-ir neurons were observed in the petrosal and jugular ganglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
U.S. computer export control policies: value conflicts and policy choices

The formulation of a balanced and effective export control policy for computer products and know-how has been an important and difficult task for both the U.S. Government and the computing community. External pressures force national security concerns to conflict with the values and interests of private enterprise and academic freedom. This paper has two primary objectives: the first is to present the computing community with a reasonably equitable and detailed perspective on this important public policy problem; the second is to present and analyze a range of policy choices.
Memristor macromodel and its application to neuronal spike generation

This paper introduces a memristor-based neuronal spike event generator, in which the memristor models the nonlinear behavior of opening and closing of sodium and potassium ion channels. The neuronal action potential describing both the integrate-and-fire spiking events and the refractory period of nerve membrane cells is enabled by utilizing dual time-constants offered by the bistable resistance state of practical memristive devices. A memristor macromodel which is capable of representing both the threshold effects and boundary assurance is also presented.
The chief executive officer and corporate social performance: An interdisciplinary examination

This paper attempts to cross the disciplinary boundaries of strategic management and social issues management to demonstrate the relationship between managerial characteristics and corporate social performance (CSP). Drawing on studies in strategic leadership research we develop and test hypotheses about linkages between top management attributes and different levels of CSP. Our results add credence to the argument that organizations are a reflection of their top managers, and encourage further systematic research of the influence of key executives in developing and implementing socially responsible policies and programs.
DC Josephson effect in dirty SNS junctions: Numerical study

Abstract A method is developed to calculate the DC Josephson current for a lattice model for dirty SNS junctions. Mesoscopic fluctuations of the critical current due to impurity scattering are simulated as a function of chemical potential. The effects of an applied magnetic field are briefly discussed.
Allosteric properties of a phosphorylase a-glutamic-pyruvic transminase complex

Abstract A phosphorylase a (EC 2.4.1.1)-glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) enzyme complex was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex gel chromatography. Substrate inhibition studies indicated that the substrates of one enzyme induced conformational changes on the other enzyme in the complex. Iodoacetate alkylation and methylene blue photooxidative destruction as well as substrate protection against these protein modifications provided additional evidence for this. The allosteric effector AMP induces changes in the protein structure of phosphorylase a , which in turn affected the transaminase activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in the enzyme complex. The AMP effect on the transaminase activity was abolished by raising the temperature of the system or by the addition of urea. It is believed that the substrate or AMP induced changes in enzymic activity are a result of protein-protein interactions manifesting themselves in a conformational change of phosphorylase a which is communicated to the transaminase enzyme in the complex.
Reactions of Ph(ClCH2)SiH2 with fluoride ion sources: Formation of fluorine‐terminated siloxanes

The fluoride ion-induced rearrangement of Ph(ClCH2)SiH2 was expected to provide either PhMeSiHF (migration of hydride) or (PhCH2)SiH2F (migration of phenyl). However, when Bu4N+F− (commercial TBAF) is added to Ph(ClCH2)SiH2, a mixture of fluorine-terminated siloxanes, FPhMeSiO(PhMeSiO)xSiMePhF, is obtained. The presence of the Me group suggests a rapid anion-induced migration of hydride to produce PhMeSiHF which reacts further with water present in TBAF samples. When the reaction mixture is cooled to 0°C or is monitored at the early stage of the reaction, the major products are PhMeSiF2, PhMeSi(OH)F, PhMeSi(OH)2, and FPhMeSiOSiMePhF which are proposed as the building blocks for the siloxanes. When dried CsF in CH3CN is used, the major products are PhMeSiF2 and PhMeSiH2 which are assumed to form from the fluoride ion-induced disproportionation of PhMeSiHF. The reaction chemistry is rationalized in terms of hypervalent intermediates. The fluoride ion-induced reactions of PhMeSiH2 and PhMeSiCl2 are also described and compared to those of Ph(ClCH2)SiH2.
Riding the crimson tide: mobile terrestrial consumers track phenological variation in spawning of an anadromous fish.

When resources are spatially and temporally variable, consumers can increase their foraging success by moving to track ephemeral feeding opportunities as these shift across the landscape; the best examples derive from herbivore– plant systems, where grazers migrate to capitalize on the seasonal waves of vegetation growth. We evaluated whether analogous processes occur in watersheds supporting spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), asking whetherseasonalactivitiesofpredatorsandscavengersshiftspatialdistributions to capitalize on asynchronous spawning among populations of salmon. Both glaucous-winged gulls and coastal brown bears showed distinct shifts in their spatial distributions over the course of the summer, reflecting the shifting distribution of spawning sockeye salmon, which was associated with variation in water temperature among spawning sites. By tracking the spatial and temporal variation in the phenology of their principal prey, consumers substantially extendedtheir foragingopportunityon a superabundant, yet locallyephemeral, resource. Ecosystem-based fishery management efforts that seek to balance trade-offs between fisheries and ecosystem processes supported by salmon should, therefore, assess the importance of life-history variation, particularly in phenological traits, for maintaining important ecosystem functions, such as providing marine-derived resources for terrestrial predators and scavengers.
Product Packaging and Product Evaluation: An Individual Difference Approach1

In Study I, with actual product quality held constant high self-monitors, compared to low self-monitors, more favorably evaluated products that they believed came from attractive packages. In Study 2, high and low self-monitors evaluated a perfume sample that came from a rather attractive bottle or from a significantly less attractive bottle. In addition, for some, the perfume was quite pleasant smelling; for others, it was less pleasant smelling. Regardless of its actual fragrance, high self-monitors evaluated the perfumes from the attractive bottle more favorably than the perfumes from the less attractive bottle. Low self-monitors evaluated the pleasant-smelling perfume more favorably than the less pleasant-smelling perfume, regardless of from which bottle it came.
Misocyclone Characteristics along Florida Gust Fronts during CaPE

Abstract Multiple-Doppler radar and rawinsonde data are used to examine misocyclone characteristics along gust fronts observed during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) project in Florida. The objective of this study is to investigate the observational representativeness of previous numerical simulations of misocyclones by employing a consistent analysis strategy to 11 gust fronts observed in the same region. The investigation focuses on the intensity range of misocyclones and their organization along gust fronts; the relationship between misocyclone intensity and horizontal wind shear, vertical wind shear, and static stability; and the relationship between misocyclones and convection initiation. The intensity of misocyclones, as indicated by the maximum values of vertical vorticity, varied from 2.8 × 10−3 to 13.9 × 10−3 s−1, although all but one case exhibited values less than 6.4 × 10−3 s−1. Organized misocyclone patterns were only found along small segments of gust fronts. Within t...
Sagittal cresting in the South African australopithecines

The evidence for sagittal cresting, and more generally the position of the temporal lines is reviewed in the South African australopithecine sample. The position of the lines is dependent on both the allometric relation of the masticatory apparatus to cranial size and on individual variation. In the Swartkrans specimens, with generally bigger body size, the influence of allometry predominates, actually overshadowing the influence of individual variation. At Sterkfontein and Makapansgat with generally smaller body size and a resulting smaller allometric ratio, individual variation has a greater influence. Of the eleven adult South African specimens, the four largest are crested. The one smaller crested specimen comes from Sterkfontein. The crested Makapan specimen is intermediate in size. The pattern of australopithecine cresting is somewhat different from other hominoids, and is part of a total morphological pattern suggesting adaptation to a diet requiring powerful crushing during mastication.
Rash Decisions: Lyme Disease, or Not?

porting, ∼20,000 cases are now recorded annually in the United States [4]; much larger numbers of patients are treated presumptively for the disease, often with only tenuous support for the diagnosis. Diagnostic uncertainties can result because of the complex natural history Lyme disease, its varied and often nonspecific manifestations, and difficulties in obtaining laboratory confirmation in the early stages of infection, when most patients first seek medical attention. The decision to treat is, therefore, most often made empirically on the basis of clinical presentation and epidemiological or ecological context [5, 6]. Ready confirmation or rejection of diagnosis by routine laboratory testing is still problematic during the early stages of infection, when most patients seek medical attention, and the decision to treat is most often made empirically on the basis of clinical presentation and epidemiological and/or ecological context.
Radiation effects in advanced microelectronics technologies

The pace of device scaling has increased rapidly in recent years. Experimental CMOS devices have been produced with feature sizes below 0.1 /spl mu/m, demonstrating that devices with feature sizes between 0.1 and 0.25 /spl mu/m will likely be available in mainstream technologies after the year 2000. This paper discusses how the anticipated changes in device dimensions and design are likely to affect their radiation response in space environments. Traditional problems, such as total dose effects, SEU and latchup are discussed, along with new phenomena. The latter include hard errors from heavy ions (microdose and gate-rupture errors), and complex failure modes related to advanced circuit architecture. The main focus of the paper is on commercial devices, which are displacing hardened device technologies in many space applications. However, the impact of device scaling on hardened devices is also discussed.
High-Tc superconducting magnetic sensor for detection of subsurface structures

Magnetic detection offers one approach to complement optical, infrared, radar, and acoustic sensing for wide-area detection, localization and classification applicable for a large class of subsurface structures. Sensors incorporating Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) provide a promising approach for such wide-area searches. A SQUID- based sensor developed in the 1980s demonstrated an effective capability to detect, localize, and classify underwater magnetic targets such as sea mines and unexploded ordnance. This sensor incorporated low critical temperature (low Tc) superconducting components cooled by liquid helium to a temperature of 4 degrees Kelvin (K). In the late 1980s, a new class of 'high Tc' superconductors was discovered with critical temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K). Nitrogen refrigeration offers new opportunities for this superconducting sensor technology, including significant reduction in the size of sensor packages and reduction in the requirements for cryogenic support and logistics. As a result of this breakthrough, a high-Tc sensor cryocooled by liquid nitrogen has been developed and is being evaluated for mobile operation. In this paper, opportunities and approaches using magnetic sensors for subsurface structure detection will be addressed. Results from evaluation of this high-Tc SQUID sensor will be presented and its capability for these applications will be discussed.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Explaining Patterns of Offending across the Life Course: Comments on Interactional Theory and Recent Tests Based on the RYDS-RIS Data

This article assesses “interactional theory” and recent developmental research based on that theory. The author argues that the unique contributions of interactional theory would be enhanced by greater formalization of the theory and comparisons of the theory's hypotheses to other developmental and criminological theories. Patterns of offending across the life course would be better understood if more longitudinal data sets were made accessible to investigators with other perspectives and areas of expertise.
Debenzylation of N-Benzylamino Derivatives by Catalytic Transfer Hydrtyation With Ammonium Formate

Abstract A method for deprotection of several N-benzyl derivatives of amines to the corresponding amino derivatives with ammonium formate and 10% Pd-C is reported.
De/reconstructing critical psychological jurisprudence: strategies of resistance and struggles for justice

The development of an integrated critical psychological jurisprudence (PJ) continues to elude researchers in theoretical and applied contexts. Indeed, the radical potential of a synthetic PJ that furthers the political aims of social change, collective good and citizen justice has yet to be sufficiently problematised or systematically reviewed in the extant literature. This article begins to address this deficiency. First, the social philosophy that informs and underscores radicalised PJ is described. This includes commentary on its underlying symbolic, linguistic, material and cultural footing. Second, several well-rehearsed theoretical strains of critical PJ are summarily presented. These strains consist of anarchism, critical legal studies, feminist jurisprudence and complex systems science. Third, a conceptual integration is undertaken that links radicalised PJ’s grounding in social philosophy with its established theoretical variants. This synthesis demonstrates the probing political project of critical PJ, especially as a humanising strategy of resistance and an evolving struggle for justice. This is a political project that seeks to de/reconstruct the images (aesthetic), narratives (epistemology), embodiments (ethic) and reproductions (ontology) at the core of its nascent critique.
Axial Coding and the Grounded Theory Controversy

The purpose of this article is to describe the similarities and differences between two approaches to grounded theory research: grounded theory as espoused by Glaser and grounded theory as espoused by Strauss and Corbin. The focus of the article is the controversy surrounding the use of axial coding. The author proposes a resolution to the controversy by suggesting that one does not need to view either approach as right or wrong; rather, the qualitative and grounded theory researcher can choose an approach, and that choice is based on the goal of the researcher’s study. Examples of both approaches, from the author’s research study on the experiences of living in a family with a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are provided.
The Intersubjective Life of Cassava among the Waiwai

Summary Most accounts of cassava cultivation in Amazonia interpret the indigenous assertion that “plants are persons” at a purely symbolic or metaphoric level. On the basis of my fieldwork with the Waiwai of Southern Guyana, this article offers an alternative interpretation, namely that Waiwai womanhood and cassava can be seen as fractal images and divergent embodied forms of a common intersubjective being, one that is holistically represented in the mythic figure of Cassava Mother. In this interpretive stance, it is argued that womanhood and cassava acquire their meaningful specificity within Waiwai sociality through their aligned capacities, affects, and perspectives, as much as through their differences in scale and form. This foregrounding of modes of alignment and fractal similitude provides an analytic space for considering the embodiment of intersubjectivity across the ontological divide we frequently insist on between “human” and “nonhuman” realms. Waiwai mythic narrative and agricultural practice suggest that, while differences in scale and form are significant, they are often eclipsed by an emphasis on aligned capacities and affective stances that are self-similar across scales and forms.
What drives consumption booms

Consumption booms have been common in both industrial and developing countries, and several explanations have been offered for their occurrence. These include economy wide wealth effects associated with favorable movements in the terms of trade or euphoric expectations triggered by macroeconomic reforms, Ricardian effects associated with fiscal stabilization, lending booms following financial liberalization, and a variety of distortions in inter-temporal relative prices. Using a large cross-country sample of booms, this article assesses how widely applicable these explanations are. The key finding is that wealth effects linked to favorable movements in the terms of trade and anticipated improvements in macroeconomic performance seem to have been more important empirically than explanations relying primarily on fiscal phenomena or distortions in inter-temporal relative prices.
Winter Hardiness, Root Physiology, and Gene Expression in Successive Fall Dormancy Selections from ‘Mesilla’ and ‘CUF 101’ Alfalfa

area expansion and mass per shoot (Volenec, 1985), factors known to be correlated with high forage yield Fall dormancy is positively associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa (Volenec et al., 1987). L.) winter survival, but the physiological bases for this association are not understood. Our objective was to determine how incremental The major constraint preventing widespread use of changes in fall dormancy due to genetic selection influenced autumn nondormant alfalfas in temperate regions is their poor height and winter survival, root physiology, and expression of a cold winter hardiness. Sheaffer et al. (1992) examined in acclimation responsive gene family. Seed from each of three cycles spring-planted alfalfa the interactions between seedingof selection for contrasting (greater or less) fall dormancy using ‘Mes- year harvest management, fall dormancy, and winter illa’ and ‘CUF 101’ as parents were planted in rows in the field (Starks- survival in Minnesota. They reported that fall dormancy Fincastle, fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf) in West Lafa- influenced alfalfa winter hardiness more than any other yette, IN, in May 1997 and 1998. Plant height was measured in October feature they measured. Nondormant alfalfa cultivars and roots were sampled in December. Plant survival was determined died during winter irrespective of harvest management in March of the year following seeding. Fall dormancy (reduction in or location, whereas fall-dormant cultivars had good shoot height in October) increased in a linear manner over the three cycles of selection for both Mesilla and CUF 101. A positive linear winter survival. These findings are supported by other relationship was observed between fall height and winter injury in studies (Smith, 1961; Barnes et al., 1979; Stout, 1985; both years. Root sugar and protein concentrations increased as fall Stout and Hall, 1989), and have resulted in fall dormancy dormancy increased in populations derived from both Mesilla and routinely being used to predict alfalfa winter hardiness. CUF 101. Expression of the cold acclimation-responsive gene, The mechanisms controlling the close positive associRootCAR1, was positively associated with winter survival, and may ation between fall dormancy and winter hardiness are be useful as a molecular marker for identifying winter hardy plants not clearly understood. Genetic differences in alfalfa among semi-dormant or nondormant alfalfa germplasm in December winter survival have been associated with several physiof the seeding year. ological changes in overwintering organs. Accumulation of starch and sugar in taproots has been positively associated with alfalfa winter survival (Graber et al., 1927;
Observed Interannual Variability in the Hadley Circulation and Its Connection to ENSO

Abstract Based on a 26-yr set of daily global upper-air wind data for the period January 1964–December 1989, the interannual variability in the strength of the tropical Hadley cells is investigated. Although several measures of the intensity of the zonal-mean cells are discussed, the main focus is on the maximum in the streamfunction in the northern and southern Tropics. The streamfunction was computed from observed monthly mean latitude versus pressure cross sections of the zonal-mean meridional wind component. Significant seasonal variations are found in the strength, latitude, and height of the maximum streamfunction for both Hadley cells. Significant correlations are also observed between the Hadley cells and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation phenomenon. During the extreme seasons, only one “winter” Hadley cell dominates the Tropics, with the rising branch in the summer hemisphere and the sinking branch in the winter hemisphere. Superimposed on this “normal” one-cell winter Hadley circulation in the Tr...
Status Epilepticus Convulsive

A 23-year-old male with a history of localization-related epilepsy was taking Carbamazepine, 400 mg PO BID. His epilepsy would manifest as recurrent focal seizures that intermittently progressed to convulsions. He was seizure-free as long as he remained compliant with his AED. He was reported to have recently been away on a camping trip with several of his friends. While he was away, he was sleep-deprived due to staying up until late hours of the early morning. Shortly after midnight he developed a “grand mal” seizure. This repeated two more times and his friends called 911 for help. He was transported to the nearest hospital and had persistent impairment of his consciousness. In the Emergency Department (ED), he did not answer questions and was “just staring at the nurses”. A brain CT was unrevealing. Laboratory evaluation did not demonstrate any abnormalities in his electrolytes or complete blood count with differential. A toxicology screen was negative for illicit substances and alcohol. A carbamazepine level was non-detectable.
Flocking Mobility Models

We have introduced the flocking/swarming mobility model including the distributed flocking algorithms for multi-agent dynamic systems. Both cases of flocking in free space and presence of obstacles are explained. The α-lattices and quasi-α-lattices that are point sets with important geometric and graph theoretic properties are introduced for they have a crucial role in construction of collective potential functions for explaining flocking with obstacle avoidance. Both split/rejoin maneuver and squeezing maneuver are discussed using the obstacle-avoidance algorithm. Simulation experimental results are provided verifying analytical models of flocking/swarming.