cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective detection and characterization of chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds in complex mixtures using microwave-induced plasma/chemical reaction interface mass spectrometry

In the environmental and pharmacological sciences, it is important to selectively detect chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds in complex mixtures. Currently, a new technique called microwave-induced plasma/chemical reaction interface mass spectrometry (MIP/CRIMS) is being used as a selective detector of elements and stable isotopes. This technique, which involves post-column reactions (a reaction interface), includes a low-pressure microwave-induced helium plasma (MIP) to which a reaction gas is added. Effluents of a chromatographic column that enter this reaction interface are converted into small stable neutrals. The mass spectra of these neutrals will identify and quantify the elements and isotopes of interest. Once the retention times of the peaks of interest are obtained, their full mass spectra can be acquired by repeating the experiment with the MIP off. This method combines the sensitivity of a halogen specific detector with the compound identification of mass spectrometry. In this study, SO2 has been found highly effective as a reaction gas for selective detection of chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds using GC/MIP/CRIMS. Detection limits of 10 pg and 1 ng, and dynamic range of at least four and two orders of magnitude, were achieved for chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds, respectively. The selective detection of chlorinated compounds in complex mixtures is demonstrated by using a mixture of non-chlorinated compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls, and by selective detection of triclopyr (a chlorinated herbicide) in extracts of leaves of garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Topcrop).
Pupillometric assessment of arousal to sexual stimuli: Novelty effects or preference?

The pupillary response of male and female subjects to various sexual stimuli was examined. Change in pupil size was compared using light and dark control slides and nude male and female, heterosexual, and homosexual stimulus slides. Attempts were made to control for the many confounds inherent in pupillometric research. Pupil size was measured using video-recording techniques that magnified pupils to an easily measured size. Greater pupil change was found when the stimulus slide was preceded by a relatively lighter control slide. In addition, pupil change was related to familiarity with the stimulus slide and the relative pupil response changed as subjects gained experience with the stimulus material. Explanations and implications for further research are discussed.
Measuring the process of role change during the transition to adulthood

Abstract Role changes are among the most significant changes that occur during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The role of student is left, and the roles of adult worker, spouse, and parent are entered. In this paper, event history data are used to examine alternative approaches to operationalizing the process of role change. Issues surrounding the measurement of particular role changes are considered in the context of analyzing gender differences in the timing, sequencing, and interrelationships among role changes for cohorts born in the United States during the early 1940s.
Changes in nasal epithelium in patients with severe chronic sinusitis: A clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study

Objective: Defective ciliary ultrastructure and impaired mucociliary clearance play an important role in the development of respiratory disease and sinusitis. Changes in the ciliary ultrastructure of the sinonasal epithelium have been documented in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. However, secondary ciliary dyskinesias and epithelial cytopathologic changes have been underappreciated as a consequence of respiratory dysfunction and chronic sinusitis. Study Design: Thirty-two patients with severe chronic sinusitis were evaluated for ciliary and epithelial abnormalities. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients (44%) were children who underwent full allergy, sweat, and immunologic workups. Eighteen patients (56%) were adults who had severe refractory sinusitis and had failed previous sinus surgery. All patients underwent nasal epithelium biopsies of the middle turbinate and evaluation by light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Ciliated cells were found in 23 patients (72%) with 9 patients (28%) having no cilia. Foci of normal ciliated epithelium were found in only 19% of the patients, often in epithelial invaginations. Variable numbers (usually a minor population) of cilia in 20 cases (87%) exhibited ultrastructural defects including compound cilia and microtubule and dynein arm defects. All of the patients showed variable loss of differentiated epithelial cells ranging from denuded epithelium to basal cell hyperplasia often associated with squamous metaplasia, secondary to chronic sinonasal disease. The lamina propria was often edematous with dilated capillaries, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and hyperplastic seromucous glands. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that ciliary dyskinesias are primarily the result rather than the cause of chronic sinusitis. Patients with chronic sinusitis of uncertain origin exhibit a prominent loss of differentiated epithelial cells, as well as ciliary defects, most of which are likely to be secondary to the chronic disease process. These changes slow down mucociliary clearance and lead to a vicious cycle leading to chronicity.
Two minor diterpenes related to dictyodial A from the brown alga Dictyota crenulata

4β-Hydroxydictyodial A and 18,O-dihydro-4β-hydroxydictyodial A 18-acetate are two minor aldehydic diterpenes in the brown alga Dictyota crenulata. 1H NMR and lanthanide-induced chemical shift studies indicate that the relative stereochemistry of both compounds is 2R*, 3R*, 4S*, 10S*.
Identifying the Professional Development Needs of Public School Principals Based on the Interstate School Leader Licensure Consortium Standards

The roles and responsibilities of principals are increasingly focused on instructional leadership. In many states, changes in the preparation and credentialing of future principals have been based ...
The Need for Routine Monitoring of Cardiac Function in Patients Receiving 5-Fluorouracil Infusion

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite that has become the cornerstone chemotherapeutic agent used to treat tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Although proven to be effective, 5-FU can cause cardiotoxicity, which can be life-threatening. Adverse cardiac-related events induced by 5-FU include angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, supraventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Nurses play a crucial role in the routine monitoring of cardiac function by identifying patients at high risk of developing 5-FU-related cardiotoxicity, monitoring patients during treatment, and then implementing specific interventions if 5-FU-related cardiotoxicity is identified or suspected. This article discusses the relevance of 5-FU-related cardiotoxicity, highlights the need for routine monitoring of cardiac function, and discusses methods of early detection and management.
Velocity Determination of Particles Ejected During Electron Beam Deposition

The velocity of particles ejected from electron beam evaporated source materials is measured for both hafnia and silica coatings.
Psychosocial conventionality, health orientation, and contraceptive use in adolescence

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine psychosocial and behavioral factors that are associated with variation in contraceptive use among adolescents. Because regular use of contraception may be seen both as a conventional behavior and as a health-protective behavior, analyses assess the association between psychosocial conventionality and health orientation, on the one hand, and variation in contraceptive use, on the other. Methods: Analyses are based on an urban sample of 971 white, African-American, and Hispanic male and female sexually active high school students. Study participants filled out a 38-page questionnaire that included a wide range of measures derived from Problem-Behavior Theory. Results: Correlational analysis and hierarchical regression analysis indicate that more regular contraceptive use is associated with greater psychosocial conventionality and also with greater orientation toward health for both male and female adolescents. These relationships hold when the sociodemographic characteristics of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, grade in school, family composition, and pregnancy experience are controlled. The linkages of psychosocial conventionality and health orientation to contraceptive behavior are stronger for African-American than for white and Hispanic adolescents. Conclusions: The present findings establish a more comprehensive and more distal set of influences on regularity of contraceptive use. In its negative relationship to problem behavior and its positive linkage with health behavior, contraceptive behavior may be seen as part of a larger, organized system of behavior in this stage of development (i.e., a more conventional adolescent lifestyle).
Hurricane effects on surface gulf stream currents

Abstract A 3-dimensional model methodology for predicting the upper ocean currents under the combined influence of Gulf Stream and hurricane is described. Predicted currents are highly dependent on the turbulence closure scheme and nonlinear interactions. New field data will be required to determine the appropriate formulation for turbulent momentum transfer. However, the model points out the importance of nonlinear terms in the equations of motions for preserving the jet-like structure of the Gulf Stream and for properly accounting for interaction between the Gulf Stream and a hurricane. A potentially worst case condition is obtained for the so-called resonant hurricane.
New route to dehydroannulenes by coupling linear polyynes using ruthenium carbonyl.

The reaction of FcC⋮CC⋮CC⋮CC⋮CFc, 1, with Ru3(CO)12 has yielded the novel cyclic polyyne [Ru2(CO)6{μ-(Fc)C4(Fc)C⋮CC⋮C}]2, 2, where Fc = (C5H5)Fe(C5H4) by a ruthenium-induced coupling of two molecules of 1 at both ends of the molecule. The molecule contains a planar cyclic tetrayne with two Ru2(CO)6 metallacycles. All four ferrocenyl groups lie on the same side of the ring. The differential pulse voltammogram of 2 shows two oxidation peaks separated by 47 mV.
Potential function for phosphorus pentafluoride

Abstract The normal coordinates of PF 5 are examined using the Coriolis zeta constants and mean vibrational amplitudes as additional constraints to the vibrational problem. The Coriolis coupling parameters, determined from gas-phase band contour measurements, satisfactorily limit the force constants for the E ′ symmetry species. An analysis of the potential energy distributions for the degenerate modes of PF 5 places the axial PF 2 bending deformation at a higher frequency than the in-plane PF 3 bending motion. A consideration of the E ′ modes for AsF 5 indicates an analogous assignment for the bending vibrations. In an attempt to limit the A ′ 1 and A ″ 2 force constants for PF 5 , the vibrational amplitudes were computed for a wide range of the F 12 and F 34 interaction force constants, while fixing the force field for the E ′ species from the zeta constant calculations. Comparisons between the experimental and calculated vibrational amplitudes indicate an insufficient sensitivity of these parameters to the potential function for limiting the interaction force constants as narrowly as the Coriolis data. The vibrational amplitude calculation, however, supports the assignment for the axial bending frequency occurring higher than the in-plane bending frequency.
Irradiation Alters MMP-2/TIMP-2 System and Collagen Type IV Degradation in Brain

Purpose Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the major consequences of radiation-induced normal tissue injury in the central nervous system. We examined the effects of whole-brain irradiation on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in the brain. Methods and Materials Animals received either whole-brain irradiation (a single dose of 10 Gy γ-rays or a fractionated dose of 40 Gy γ-rays, total) or sham-irradiation and were maintained for 4, 8, and 24 h following irradiation. mRNA expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs in the brain were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The functional activity of MMPs was measured by in situ zymography, and degradation of ECM was visualized by collagen type IV immunofluorescent staining. Results A significant increase in mRNA expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 was observed in irradiated brains compared to that in sham-irradiated controls. In situ zymography revealed a strong gelatinolytic activity in the brain 24 h postirradiation, and the enhanced gelatinolytic activity mediated by irradiation was significantly attenuated in the presence of anti-MMP-2 antibody. A significant reduction in collagen type IV immunoreactivity was also detected in the brain at 24 h after irradiation. In contrast, the levels of collagen type IV were not significantly changed at 4 and 8 h after irradiation compared with the sham-irradiated controls. Conclusions The present study demonstrates for the first time that radiation induces an imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels and suggests that degradation of collagen type IV, a major ECM component of BBB basement membrane, may have a role in the pathogenesis of brain injury.
Estimated post-Messinian sediment supply and sedimentation rates on the Ebro continental margin, Spain

Abstract Because of the extensive data base of seismic profiles, radiometric ages, and stratigraphic time markers such as the subaerial Messinian surface, sedimentation rates and Ebro River sediment discharge can be estimated for different periods and environments of the Ebro continental margin. New values for sediment discharge (i.e., 6.2 versus previous estimates of 2–3.5 million t/yr) for the Holocene highstand are more reliable but remain minimum estimates because a small proportion of Ebro sediment advected to the Balearic Rise and Abyssal Plain cannot be accounted for, especially during lowstands. The general highstand conditions of the Pliocene, which were similar to those of the Holocene, resulted in a low discharge of Ebro River sediment (ca. 6.5 million t/yr) and an even thickness of sediment across the margin that deposited at rates of about 24–40 cm/ky. In contrast, sediment supply increased two-three times during the Pleistocene, the margin prograded rapidly and deposition occurred at rates of 101–165 cm/ky on the outer shelf and slope, but basin floor rates remained anomalously low (21–26 cm/ky) because sediment was drained and broadly dispersed eastward in Valencia Trough. During the late Pleistocene rise of sea level, the main depocenters progressively shifted shoreward and sedimentation rates greatly decreased from 175 cm/ky on the upper slope during the early transgression to 106 cm/ky on the outer shelf and then to 63 cm/ky on the mid-shelf during the late transgression as the river sediment discharge dropped to half by Holocene time. Maximal sedimentation rates occurred in active depocenters of sediment dispersal such as the Holocene delta (370 cm/ky) or the youngest Pleistocene Oropesa channel-levee complex (705 cm/ky) where deposition rates increased by an order of magnitude or more compared to average Ebro shelf (38 cm/ky) or base-of-slope rates in the Pleistocene (21 cm/ky). The sedimentation rates verify the importance of sea-level control on the progressive change in location of depocenters and amount of sediment supply, but Pleistocene climatic change and deforestation alone can be observed to double river sediment discharge. The latter observation helps explain the anomalously high deposition rates in Pleistocene turbidite systems compared with older systems that may be controlled more by tectonic and sea-level changes alone. During the past 2000 years, in contrast, man has controlled deposition in the Ebro margin system, first by deforestation that more than doubled river sediment discharge and shelf deposition rates to equal those of Pleistocene time; and second by dam contruction that reduced sediment discharge to less than 5% of the normal Holocene discharge. Similar recent discharge reductions from the Nile and Rhone Rivers suggest that loss of the majority of the river sediment supply in the Mediterranean Sea may result in significant erosion of biologically and agriculturally important lobate delta areas.
Programming tool of context-aware applications for behavior change

While users often have goals related to developing better habits (e.g., eating more healthy food, exercising more frequently), they are typically not very effective at achieving those goals. We have been developing a toolkit that provides hardware and software for users who have no programming experience to easily invent and test context-aware applications that can help them make changes in their behaviors. We have found that this toolkit needs to balance simplicity of interaction with the facilitation of a wide range of user experiences. To address this issue, we identified key temporal rule patterns from a user-generated collection of behavior change applications, and created programming elements with which users can compose applications of those patterns.
Superfluid phases of 3He in a periodic confined geometry

Predictions and discoveries of new phases of superfluid 3He in confined geometries, as well as novel topological excitations confined to surfaces and edges of near a bounding surface of 3He, are driving the fields of superfluid 3He infused into porous media, as well as the fabrication of sub-micron to nano-scale devices for controlled studies of quantum fluids. In this report we consider superfluid 3He confined in a periodic geometry, specifically a two-dimensional lattice of square, sub-micron-scale boundaries (“posts”) with translational invariance in the third dimension. The equilibrium phase(s) are inhomogeneous and depend on the microscopic boundary conditions imposed by a periodic array of posts. We present results for the order parameter and phase diagram based on strong pair breaking at the boundaries. The ordered phases are obtained by numerically minimizing the Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional. We report results for the weak-coupling limit, appropriate at ambient pressure, as a function of temperature T, lattice spacing L, and post edge dimension, d. For all d in which a superfluid transition occurs, we find a transition from the normal state to a periodic, inhomogeneous “polar” phase with $T_{c_{1}} < T_{c}$ for bulk superfluid 3He. For fixed lattice spacing, L, there is a critical post dimension, d c , above which only the periodic polar phase is stable. For d<d c we find a second, low-temperature phase onsetting at $T_{c_{2}} < T_{c_{1}}$ from the polar phase to a periodic “B-like” phase. The low temperature phase is inhomogeneous, anisotropic and preserves time-reversal symmetry, but unlike the bulk B-phase has only $\mathtt{D}_{\text{4h}}^{\text{L}+\text{S}}$ point symmetry.
Serum testosterone concentration, efficiency of estrus detection and libido expression in androgenized beef cows

Abstract Twenty multiparous, cyclic, nonlactating beef cows were blocked by dominance rank and randomly and equally allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups: an untreated control group, a synovextreated group which received 8 Synovex-H® implants with no additional hormones, a testosterone-treated group which received 500 mg, im and 1500 mg, sc testosterone enanthate on Day 1 with additional 1000 mg, sc doses of testosterone enanthate every 14 d, and a synovex+testosterone-treated group which received 8 Synovex-H® implants with 500 mg, im and 1500 mg, sc testosterone enanthate on Day 1 only. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture once a week beginning 3 wk prior to start of treatment. In addition, samples were collected just prior to treatment; once a day for 1 wk after initiation of treatment; and then twice a week until 225 d after treatment. Efficiency of estrus detection was assessed 22 d prior to start of treatment and every 14 d thereafter for 98 d, using estrus detection trials with synchronized females or modified libido tests. Scores for estrus detection trials included total mounts in 1 h and the percentage of estrous cows detected. Libido was scored on a scale of 0 through 6. All testosterone treatments raised plasma testosterone concentrations above control and pretreatment levels (testosterone and synovex+testosterone>synovex>control; all P
Development of epoxy potting for high voltage insulation at SLAC

An extensive series of tests has been done at SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) to evaluate several loaded epoxy formulations for high-voltage potting applications. Mixing, degassing, transfer, cure, shrinkage, bubble and void formation, bond strength, and thermal cycles resistance were studied in a variety of mold types. Recommendations are presented for several classes of applications. >
O modelo de precificação de ativos de capital: teoria e evidências

Distante quatro decadas de seu aparecimento, o modelo de precificacao de ativos de capital proposto pelo Nobel William Sharpe e por John Lintner, conhecido como CAPM, e ainda o modelo mais amplamente utilizado na estimativa do custo de capital de empresas e na avaliacao de carteiras. O fato se deve as poderosas previsoes permitidas pelo modelo sobre a medida do risco e a relacao entre risco e retorno. O objetivo deste artigo e mostrar que o CAPM apresenta algumas falhas empiricas associadas a simplifi cacoes teoricas e difi culdades de implementacao de testes que sejam validos para o modelo. A conclusao do artigo e que as limitacoes do CAPM representam desafi os a serem explicados por modelos alternativos.
Simultaneous Adaptive Estimation and Decision Algorithm for Carrier Modulated Data Transmission Systems

The problems of sequence decision, sample timing, and carrier phase recovery in a class of linear modulation data transmission systems are treated from the viewpoint of multiparameter estimation theory. The structure of the maximumlikelihood estimator is first obtained, and a decision-directed receiver is then derived. These receivers are different from the conventional one in that the carrier phase is extracted from the signal components themselves in an adaptive fashion. The structure of this adaptive demodulator and detector is then extended to the case in which the channel characteristic is unknown, and the algorithm for adjusting the carrier phase and sample instant is discussed in combination with that of adaptive equalization.
The use, safety, and effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccination in individuals with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: a longitudinal observational study

Introduction Zostavax, a live attenuated vaccine, has been approved in the United States for use in older individuals to reduce the risk and severity of herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles. The vaccine is contraindicated in individuals taking anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) therapies or other biologics commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases because of the safety concern that zoster vaccine may be associated with a short-term HZ risk. The objective of the study was to examine the use, safety (short-term HZ risk after vaccination), and effectiveness of zoster vaccine in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and/or inflammatory bowel diseases.
Two-dimensional Epitaxial Growth of Strained InGaAs on GaAs (001)

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of lattice mismatched In0.53Ga0.47As / GaAs(100) system is studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and reflection high energy electron diffraction. InGaAs layers with a thickness ranging up to 250 nm do not exhibit a smooth surface when grown under In-rich conditions. RHEED and STM confirm the well-ordered (4×2) reconstruction and mono-layer steps associated with this unique planar growth mode. Large STM scans reveal a characteristic morphology of rectangular shaped islands distributed on large flat terraces which are typically more than 300 nm width but only mono-layer steps.
Alignment of large image series using cubic B-splines tessellation: application to transmission electron microscopy data

3D reconstruction from serial 2D microscopy images depends on non-linear alignment of serial sections. For some structures, such as the neuronal circuitry of the brain, very large images at very high resolution are necessary to permit reconstruction. These very large images prevent the direct use of classical registration methods. We propose in this work a method to deal with the non-linear alignment of arbitrarily large 2D images using the finite support properties of cubic B-splines. After initial affine alignment, each large image is split into a grid of smaller overlapping sub-images, which are individually registered using cubic B-splines transformations. Inside the overlapping regions between neighboring sub-images, the coefficients of the knots controlling the B-splines deformations are blended, to create a virtual large grid of knots for the whole image. The sub-images are resampled individually, using the new coefficients, and assembled together into a final large aligned image. We evaluated the method on a series of large transmission electron microscopy images and our results indicate significant improvements compared to both manual and affine alignment.
Context restoration in multi-tasking dialogue

In this paper we conduct an exploratory experiment on context restoration in multi-tasking dialogue and report our preliminary findings. We examine a corpus of human-human dialogues, in which pairs of conversants, using speech, work on an ongoing task while occasionally completing real-time tasks. We investigate whether the conversants, when returning to the ongoing task, make any effort to restore the context. First, we identify two types of actions, utterance restatement and information review, as possible restorations. Second, from a statistical analysis, we find that these actions are used more often when returning to the ongoing task, and hence seem to play a role in context restoration. Our findings will help to build a foundation for future speech interfaces that support multi-tasking dialogue.
A Systematic Review of Telehealth in Palliative Care: Caregiver Outcomes.

Abstract Objective: Telehealth interventions have proven efficacy in healthcare, but little is known about the results of such interventions in palliative care. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate caregiver outcomes related to palliative telehealth interventions. Materials and Methods: We searched multiple databases for articles published between January 2003 and January 2015 related to telehealth in palliative care. Two hundred twenty-one articles were considered; nine of these met study inclusion criteria. Data on study design, population, interventions, methods, outcomes, conclusions, and methodological quality were extracted and evaluated by three investigators. Results: Of the nine studies, five measured caregiver quality of life, three measured caregiver anxiety, and two measured caregiver burden. All the studies measuring caregiver quality of life showed no significant difference after telehealth interventions. The caregiver anxiety score decreased after the intervention in two studies, an...
Convergence of a genetic algorithm for estimating cardiac material properties

In this paper we present the results of a detailed study of a systematic numerical scheme for estimating material parameters for ventricular myocardium. The numerical scheme combines a real encoded genetic algorithm with nonlinear finite element analysis. The primary objective of this study was to determine optimal population size for the genetic algorithm so as obtain rapid convergence to actual material parameter values. Optimal parameter settings for the genetic algorithm and interdependencies of material parameters were determined through multiple optimization runs.
Voluntary product standards: Linking technical criteria to marketing decisions

This article reports on research carried out to test some of the prevailing hypotheses on engineering standards. The “economic view” is that use of industry standards tends to introduce a higher level of price-based competition in the marketplace. An alternate conceptualization of voluntary product standards which actively factors in market considerations is presented. This conceptualization termed the “institutional approach” clearly acknowledges the interdependency technology creates in industrial markets. From this viewpoint industry standards tend to be coordinating mechanisms to organize and direct technological change, not change buyer behavior.
Syndeformational fluid trapping in quartz: determining the pressure-temperature conditions of deformation from fluid inclusions and the formation of pure CO2fluid inclusions during grain-boundary migration

Observations and microthermometric data on fluid inclusions from a terrane that underwent deformation following peak metamorphic conditions show that grain-boundary migration recrystallization favours the entrapment of carbonic inclusions whereas microfracturing during brittle deformation favours the infiltration and eventual entrapment of aqueous fluids. Our results imply that pure CO2 fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks are likely to be the residue of deformation-recrystallization process rather than representing a primary metamorphic fluid. Where the temperature of deformation can be deduced by other means, the densities of fluid inclusions trapped during recrystallization, which we call recrystallization-primary fluid inclusions, can be used to constrain the ambient pressure during deformation. Using these constraints, the data imply that the post-metamorphic Hercynian exhumation in Sardinia brought rocks at 300° C to within 3km of the surface. This conclusion is similar to that described for the rapidly uplifted Southern Alps in New Zealand.
The Hidden Life of Girls: Games of Stance, Status, and Exclusion

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Marjorie Harness Goodwin Year: 2006 Pages: 320 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing ISBN: 0-631-23424-1 (hard cover). Prices: $62.95 USD(hard cover).
Staged protocol for resection, skeletal reconstruction, and oral rehabilitation of children with jaw tumors

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate a staged protocol for resection of jaw tumors and reconstruction including implants in pediatric patients. Patients and methods Nine children were evaluated retrospectively. Data included age at resection, tumor type, use of adjuvant therapy, type of bone graft, and number of implants. Occurrence of postoperative infection, tumor margins, recurrence, plate fractures, number of bone grafts, implants restored, and failures were recorded. Results Ages ranged from 3.5 to 16 years with 2 maxillary and 7 mandibular tumors. Diagnoses included giant cell lesion (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 2), myofibroma (n = 1), ossifying fibroma (n = 1), desmoplastic fibroma (n = 1), and ameloblastoma (n = 1). No patients experienced postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, or jaw instability after en bloc resection. One patient had recurrence of a giant cell lesion. To date (mean, 56 months; range, 24 to 93 months), there have been no additional recurrences. There was 1 plate fracture. Eight patients underwent iliac bone grafts (stage 2), and in 1 patient, the mandible regenerated. There were no graft infections or wound dehiscences. Three patients required additional bone grafting for implant placement. Twenty-three implants were placed in 7 patients without complications, and 21 implants have gone to second stage. One implant failed to osseointegrate. Six patients have had prostheses placed and loaded for a mean of 26 months (range, 5 to 64 months). One patient is scheduled for prosthetic restoration and 2 for implant placement. Conclusion Pediatric maxillofacial tumors can be successfully treated by resection, rigid fixation, and delayed reconstruction with minimal morbidity and a high success rate.
A first-principles calculation of the resistivity and thermopower in strong-scattering alloys

We investigate the concentration and short-range order dependence of the zero-temperature resistivity and thermopower for substitutionally ordered alloys from a first-principles approach. The alloy disorder is simulated by calculating the electronic structure of a large supercell (typically 200-250 atoms) with periodic boundary conditions. For the strong-scattering alloys we consider, the electron mean-free path is much less than the supercell dimension, causing artificial effects of periodicity to be negligible. In spite of strong scattering, there is no evidence for localized states near E/sub F/. The resistivity and thermopower are averaged over several configurations resulting in statistical error bounds of approximately +-10%. The concentration-dependent resistivity of substitutional V/sub 1-x/Al/sub x/ alloys agree well with Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR CPA) calculations. This confirms the accuracy of KKR CPA theory. 11 refs., 4 figs.
How much are patients willing to pay to avoid intraoperative awareness

Abstract Study objective To determine how much patients are willing to pay to avoid intraoperative awareness? Design Observational study Setting University-affiliated metropolitan hospital. Patients 60 patients who completed a questionnaire (39 F, 21 M). The mean age was 43 years and the median household income range of US$45,000 –$60,000. Interventions Patients completed an interactive computer-generated questionnaire on the value of preventing intraoperative awareness and their willingness to pay for a "depth of anesthesia" monitor. Their willingness to pay for the prevention of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, postoperative grogginess, and sleepiness was also determined as a means of comparison. Measurements and main results Patients were willing to pay (WTP) $34, $10 to $42 (median, interquartile range) for a monitor that would assist an anesthesia care provider assess the depth of anesthesia in an effort to avoid awareness. This increased to $43, $20 to $77 ( p Conclusion The incidence of intraoperative awareness and WTP value for monitoring awareness have a nonlinear relationship (a risk averse utility function), which suggests that patients assign an intrinsic base value for a rare or very rare possibility of an event. Other healthcare economic analyses (such as cost effectiveness) do not take this factor into account and assume a linear value relationship (i.e., if something occurs ten times less frequently, it has ten times less value). Implication The median value for patients' WTP for a monitor that might prevent awareness under anesthesia was $34 given an incidence of 5/1,000 cases. The incidence of awareness and WTP value have a nonlinear relationship suggesting that patients assign an intrinsic base value for the possibility of awareness.
Africa in Japanese Diplomatic Thought: An African Perspective

What is Africa’s place in Japanese diplomatic thought, and what are the driving forces of Japan’s African diplomacy in the new century? The need to maintain continuity in Japan’s post—Cold War Africa policy, leadership style, and priorities of Japan’s prime ministers, as well as broader considerations of the nation’s vital interests, are all relevant factors for understanding Japan’s diplomacy toward Africa in the new century.
Associations between housing instability and food insecurity with health care access in low-income children.

Objective Homelessness and hunger are associated with poor health care access among children. Housing instability and food insecurity represent milder and more prevalent forms of homelessness and hunger. The aim of this study was to determine the association between housing instability and food insecurity with children's health care access and acute health care utilization. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 12 746 children from low-income households included in the 2002 National Survey of America's Families (NSAF). In multivariate models controlling for important covariates, we measured the association between housing instability and food insecurity with 3 health care access measures: 1) no usual source of care, 2) postponed medical care, and 3) postponed medications. We also measured 3 health care utilization measures: 1) not receiving the recommended number of well-child care visits, 2) increased emergency department visits, and 3) hospitalizations. Results Our analysis showed that 29.5% of low-income children lived in households with housing instability and 39.0% with food insecurity. In multivariate logistic regression models, housing instability was independently associated with postponed medical care, postponed medications, and increased emergency department visits. Food insecurity was independently associated with no usual source of care, postponed medical care, postponed medications, and not receiving the recommended well-child care visits. Conclusion Families that experience housing instability and food insecurity, without necessarily experiencing homelessness or hunger, have compromised ability to receive adequate health care for their children. Policy makers should consider improving programs that decrease housing instability and food insecurity, and clinicians should consider screening for housing instability and food insecurity so as to provide comprehensive care.
Infection of the Laboratory Mouse with the Intracellular Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis

To determine the basis of susceptibility and resistance to human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice were infected with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and bacterial loads were measured by PCR and by immunohistochemistry. Immunocompetent (C. B-17 and C57BL/6) mice cleared the bacteria within 10 days, but immunocompromised SCID and SCID/BEIGE mice developed persistent infection in the spleen, liver, peritoneal cavity, brain, lung, and bone marrow and became moribund within 24 days. Both immunocompromised strains lack T and B lymphocytes, but the SCID/BEIGE strain is also deficient in natural killer (NK) cell function. During advanced stages of disease, the infections were associated with wasting, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, liver granulomas and necroses, intravascular coagulation, and granulomatous inflammation. Histochemical and immunohistochemical localization studies confirmed the presence of bacteria in tissues, and viable bacteria were cultured from infected animals. The data reveal that T and/or B cells play an essential role during resistance of immunocompetent mice to infection with E. chaffeensis and demonstrate the utility of immunocompromised mice as an experimental model for the study of HME.
A Study on Hygienic Practices of Fisherfolk in Kanyakumari District

A hygienic practice is a broader term that insists not only on cleanliness but also on hygienic culture in general. Hygienic culture arises from one’s own practices and way of life. When these practices become habits, they automatically become character.
The 1987 presidential address. Toward a profession of substance.

Colleagues, students, friends of physical therapy, and special guests, I welcome you to the official opening of the Sixty-Third Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association. The hospitality and friendliness of this beautiful city of San Antonio are exceptional and I want to thank the mayor and other city officials for giving us such a warm welcome. I also want to acknowledge others who directly or indirectly are very special to our Association. You met the members of the Board of Directors at the beginning of these opening ceremonies. As your President, I feel most fortunate to have these Board members as my colleagues. This Board is fully committed to the best interests of this profession and the Association and makes every effort to make decisions accordingly.…
Known-groups validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ® ) in adolescents and young adults with special healthcare needs

To examine known-groups validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Short Forms (SFs) for adolescents and young adults with special healthcare needs (SHCN) using data collected from the PROMIS Linking Study. In total, 292 adolescents aged 14–17.9 years and 300 young adults aged 18–20 years with SHCN from the PROMIS Linking Study were used for analyses. Presence of SHCN was classified into three categories (medication use, service use, and functional limitations). HRQoL was measured with the PROMIS Pediatric and Adult SFs. Differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) domain scores between SHCN sample and the norms of the PROMIS pediatric and adult calibration samples, respectively, were compared using t tests. Associations of HRQoL scores with the presence of individual SHCN categories were tested using linear regression. All HRQoL domain scores for the SHCN samples were significantly worse than the respective calibration samples. Adolescents and young adults with SHCN-related service use and functional limitations reported worse HRQoL than those without service use and functional limitations (p’s < 0.01). PROMIS Pediatric and Adult SFs possess satisfactory known-groups validity related to SHCN status.
Quantitative Assessment of Human Wind Speed Overestimation

AbstractHuman wind reports are a vital supplement to the relatively sparse network of automated weather stations in the United States, especially for localized convective winds. In this study, human wind estimates recorded in Storm Data between 1996 and 2013 were compared with instrumentally observed wind speeds from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). Nonconvective wind events in areas of flat terrain within the continental United States served as the basis for this analysis because of the relative spatial homogeneity of wind fields in these meteorological and geographic settings. The distribution of 6801 GHCN-measured gust factors (GF), defined here as the ratio of the daily maximum gust to the daily average wind, provided the reference upon which human gust reports were judged. GFs were also calculated for each human estimate by dividing the estimated gust by the GHCN average wind speed on that day. Human-reported GFs were disproportionately located in the upper tail of the observed GF di...
High Accuracy Automatic Verification Device for Turn Ratio and Group Transformer Tester

A higher accuracy and automatic transformer's turn ratio group tester verification equipment has been introduced.It can solve the problems of little number variable ratio,the accuracy can not reach the requirements in turn ratio detection,complex operation and the low work efficiency.In this equipment,a dual core structure internal voltage transformer is applied,the precision of measurement has achieved 0.01%,which is the leading level of similar products;the instrument can provide 1 to 10000 variable ratios in verification,meeting JJG970-2002 Verification Regulation of Transformers Turn Ratio Test Sets;the control part use C8051F023 and CPLD as platform,a kind of popular touch screen design is also used in display,and the electrical circuit uses relays for automatic switch over,which improves the efficiency of detection greatly.
Digital Cameras and Photography: Everyone’s a Documentary Maker

Digital cameras developed in 1975 and had an enormous impact and were very popular, but their very existence is now threatened by smartphones, such as the iPhone, which has a very good camera and has led many people to use their smartphones to take pictures rather than their digital cameras. I offer statistics that show that the sale of digital cameras dropped by 42% in 2014, with entry-level digital cameras suffering the biggest loss of popularity. Next I discuss the relationship between photographs and reality and the role photographs play in our image-centric world. This is followed by a discussion of a device, the narrative clip, that takes a photograph every thirty seconds and sends them to a computer for editing. I suggest that at the unconscious level, this device reflects an attempt we make to assert that our lives are important and have meaning. The chapter ends with a discussion of Google’s Glass device.
Hydroxylamines With Organic-Based Leaving Groups as HNO Donors

Due to its inherent reactivity, HNO (azanone, nitroxyl) must be generated in situ through the use of donor compounds. One of the most fruitful strategies for the development of new HNO donors has been the use of hydroxylamines modified with good leaving groups. Classic examples of this strategy are Piloty’s acid and its derivatives, with sulfinate leaving groups, and N -hydroxycyanamide, with a carbon-bound leaving group (cyanide). More recently, alternative N -substituted hydroxylamines with carbon-bound leaving groups based on Meldrum’s acid, barbituric acid, and pyrazolone scaffolds have been synthesized and examined. These donors are capable of releasing HNO quantitatively without enzymatic activation under physiological conditions with half-lives ranging from minutes to hours.
Respiratory and Bronchitic Symptoms Predict Intention to Quit Smoking among Current Smokers with, and at Risk for, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Rationale: Smoking cessation is the most important intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What leads smokers with COPD to quit smoking remains unknown.Objectives: We sought to examine the association between respiratory symptoms and other markers of COPD severity with intention to quit smoking among a cohort of patients with probable COPD.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of subjects with COPD or fixed airflow obstruction clinically diagnosed on the basis of pulmonary function testing. The subjects were identified in the COPD Outcomes-based Network for Clinical Effectiveness and Research Translation multicenter registry. The primary outcome was the intention to quit smoking within the next 30 days (yes or no), which was examined using model building with multivariable logistic regression, clustered by study site.Measurements and Main Results: We identified 338 current smokers with COPD via the registry. Of these subjects, 57.4% (n = 194) had confirmed airf...
Linking the Process and Outcomes of Parent Involvement Policy to the Parent Involvement Gap.

This study compares what schools are doing to engage parents and analyzes the efficacy of these initiatives across predominantly Black, Latino, and White schools. Using the National Center for Educ...
Adiabatic Compression of 3-D Plasma Magnetic Field Configuration

The work in this paper describes the formulation and computation of the adiabatic compression of a plasma in a realistic geometry such as a finite length θ-pinch or imploding liner device. The assumption of cylindrical symmetry allows us to make use of the techniques originated by H. Grad and coworkers for treating the resulting generalized differential equations. The nonlinear equilibrium equations are volume averaged over a flux surface and converted from PDE’s to ODE’s. This allows the adiabatic boundary conditions arising from the law of flux conservation to be taken into account. Calculations are presented for a field-reversed plasma configuration confined in either a finite length θ-pinch or liner device. Compression is obtained by increasing the external confining coil current (flux compression) and thereby increasing the pinching field or by collapsing the external wall (liner) under the assumption of constant flux. In both cases it is assumed that compression occurs on a time scale which is longer than the pressure equilibration time. Results of radial and accompanying axial contraction are presented for a series of initial plasma profiles and beta under varying compression schemes.