cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progesterone-regulated secretion of the serpin-like proteins of the ovine and bovine uterus

The uterine milk (UTM) proteins are the major progesterone-regulated proteins secreted by the sheep uterus during pregnancy. Recently, proteins related to the UTM proteins have been identified in uterine secretions of the pregnant cow and sow. The present objective was to determine the time course for induction of the UTM proteins in sheep and cattle. Twelve ovariectomized ewes received subcutaneous injections of either vehicle for 10 days or 100 mg/d of progesterone for 10 days or 30 days. The presence of UTM proteins was examined by Western blotting of uterine flushings and by immunoabsorption of radiolabeled UTM proteins from conditioned medium of endometrial explant cultures performed with [35S]methionine precursor. Uterine milk proteins were present in slight amounts in uterine flushings and endometrial-conditioned culture medium of some ewes in the control group, but amounts of proteins were greatly enhanced by progesterone after 10 or 30 days of treatment. Prolonged exposure to progesterone (30 days versus 10 days) increased amounts of UTM proteins. Immunohistochemical analysis of endometrium indicated that the major site of UTM proteins was the glandular epithelium. In the second experiment, nine ovariectomized cows were treated daily with vehicle for 12 days or 750 mg progesterone for 12 or 30 days. Uterine flushings and conditioned endometrial culture medium were examined for UTM proteins by Western blotting. Uterine milk proteins were present to some degree in cows treated with vehicle, and an enhancement in amounts of UTM proteins was not observed until after 30 days of progesterone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Morphologic analysis of axo-glial membrane specializations in the demyelinated central nervous system

Axo-glial membrane specializations, occurring in demyelinated spinal cord lesions in guinea pigs with chronic, relapsing experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) and a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) between naked axons and scarring astrocytes, have been analyzed in transverse and longitudinal sections by transmission electron microscopy. The most common axo-glial specialization was of the desmosome-type and was plaque-like and punctate. It was not related to the region of subaxolemmal densification at the nodes of Ranvier. Synapse-like and gap junctions were also seen, but rarely, between naked axons and astrocytes in chronic EAE. In MS, only desmosome-like specializations were encountered between axons and glia and they were less extensive than in the guinea pig material. Surprisingly, similar chronically demyelinated lesions in the optic nerves of guinea pigs, failed to display axo-glial membrane specializations. It is speculated that their presence in spinal cord lesions is related to the proximity of gray matter and is of relevance to regeneration.
Estrogen-Inactivation by the Liver as Modified by Dietary Protein.∗

SummaryThe liver of rats maintained on a 50% casein diet retains its ability to inactivate estradiol in spite of avitaminosis B or inanition. However, animals on a 5 or 15% diet under the same conditions cannot inactivate estradiol.
Clinical response of myelodysplastic syndromes patients to treatment with coenzyme Q10

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a collection of hematopoietic disorders with varying degrees of mono- to trilineage cytopenias and bone marrow dysplasia. In recent years much progress has been made in the treatment of MDS and there are now several therapeutic compounds used with varying levels of success. These compounds typically cause side effects that make them unattractive for treatment of patients in the early stages of MDS. Naturally occurring compounds that are not toxic may provide a means to treat patients in the initial stages of disease. We conducted a pilot study to test the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) in MDS patients with low to intermediate-2 risk disease. A variety of responses were observed in 7 of 29 patients including two trilineage and two cytogenetic responses. Sequencing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from pretreatment bone marrows showed multiple mutations, some resulting in amino acid changes, in 3/5 nonresponders, 1/4 responders and in two control samples. We conclude that coQ10 may be of clinical benefit in a subset of MDS patients, but responders cannot be easily pre-selected on the basis of either the conventional clinical and pathologic characteristics or mtDNA mutations.
Serialism and locality in constraint-based metrical parsing*

This paper proposes a model of stress assignment in which metrical structure is built serially, one foot at a time, in a series of Optimality Theory (OT)-style evaluations. Iterative foot optimisation is made possible in the framework of Harmonic Serialism, which defines the path from an input to an output with a series of gradual changes in which each form improves harmony relative to a constraint ranking. Iterative foot optimisation makes the strong prediction that decisions about metrical structure are made locally, matching attested typology, while the standard theory of stress in parallel OT predicts in addition to local systems unattested stress systems with non-local interactions. The predictions of iterative foot optimisation and parallel OT are compared, focusing on the interactions of metrical parsing with syllable weight, vowel shortening and constraints on the edges of prosodic domains.
Aldosterone Antagonism Attenuates Obesity-Induced Hypertension and Glomerular Hyperfiltration

This study examined the importance of aldosterone (ALDO) in mediating changes in renal function and increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the development of dietary-induced obesity in chronically instrumented dogs. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were recorded 24 hours per day in lean dogs (n=7) before and after administration of an ALDO antagonist, eplerenone (EP) (10 mg/kg twice daily), for 10 days. After 10 days of EP treatment, the dogs (n=7) were given a supplement of cooked beef fat for 5 weeks while EP was continued. An untreated group (n=6) was fed a high fat diet for 5 weeks and used as control (C). In lean dogs, EP decreased MAP from 89+/-4 to 84+/-4 mm Hg and glomerular filtration rate from 67.4+/-6.8 to 53.2+/-4.9 mL/min while inducing a small negative Na+ balance (-42+/-12 mEq). Plasma renin activity increased from 0.4+/-0.1 to 2.7+/-0.7 ng AI/mL per hour and plasma K+ increased from 4.8+/-0.1 to 6.1+/-0.3 mEq/L. After 5 weeks of a high fat diet, body weight increased 45% to 53% in EP and C obese dogs. In C dogs, MAP increased by 16+/-3 mm Hg, compared with only 7+/-1 mm Hg in EPLE dogs. Compared with untreated dogs, the EP dogs had smaller increases in CO (18+/-4.6% versus 43+/-1.5%), HR (33+/-5% versus 60+/-3%), glomerular filtration rate (19+/-5% versus 38+/-6%), and cumulative Na+ balance (138+/-35 mEq versus 472+/-110 mEq) after 5 weeks of a high fat diet. Thus, EP markedly attenuated glomerular hyperfiltration, sodium retention, and hypertension associated with chronic dietary-induced obesity. These observations indicate that ALDO plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity hypertension.
Solutions to divergence form equations using the method of partial implicitization

Partial implicitization is well suited for use on vector-processing computers since the method is an explicit unconditionally stable numerical technique. So far equations cast in nondivergence form have been used, though equations cast in the divergence form would have inherently greater accuracy. Since the method of partial implicitization is applicable only to relaxing problems to their steady state and is not applicable to true transient problems, a simple mathematical manipulation can be carried out which will produce the desired partial implicitization solution to divergence form equations.
Outcome of percutaneous rupture of lumbar synovial cysts: a case series of 101 patients.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Lumbar facet joint synovial cysts are benign degenerative abnormalities of the lumbar spine. Previous reports have supported operative and nonoperative management. Facet joint steroid injection with cyst rupture is occasionally performed, but there has been no systematic evaluation of this treatment option. PURPOSE: To profile the role of facet joint steroid injections with cyst rupture in the treatment of lumbar facet joint synovial cysts. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective chart review and long-term follow-up of patients treated for lumbar facet joint synovial cysts. PATIENT SAMPLE: One hundred one patients treated for lumbar facet joint synovial cysts with fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid facet joint injection and attempted cyst rupture. OUTCOME MEASURES: Oswestry Disability Index and numeric rating scale score for back and leg pain. METHODS: A retrospective review and a subsequent interview were conducted to collect pretreatment and posttreatment pain and disability scores along with details of subsequent treatment interventions. Group differences in pain and disability scores were assessed using paired t test. Multiple clinical factors were analyzed in terms of risk for surgical intervention using logistic regression modeling and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Successful cyst rupture was confirmed fluoroscopically in 81% of cases. Fifty-five patients (54%) required subsequent surgery over a period averaging 8.4 months because of inadequate symptom relief. All patients reported significant improvement in back pain, leg pain, and disability at 3.2 years postinjection, regardless of their subsequent treatment course (p!.0001 in all groups). There was no significant difference in current pain between patients who received injections only and those who underwent subsequent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the largestclinical series of nonsurgical treatment for lumbar facetjointsynovialcysts.Lumbarfacetjointsteroidinjectionwithattemptedcystruptureiscorrelated withavoidingsubsequentsurgeryinhalfoftreatedpatients.Successfulcystrupturedoesnotappearto have added benefit, and it was associated with worse disability 3 years postinjection. Long-term outcomes are similar, regardless of subsequent surgery. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Examining bifurcations in resistance of collapsible blood vessels

A vessel segment was terminated with a section of artery subjected to near zero transmural pressure. The sinusoidal frequency response was determined by solving the resulting nonlinear differential equations. A bifurcation diagram shows that there are many different values of instantaneous resistance obtained. We suggest that the cause of this may be the observer's choice of steady state. A consistent definition for steady state in blood vessels could resolve this problem.
Neurons and ecdysteroids promote the proliferation of myogenic cells cultured from the developing adult legs of Manduca sexta

Abstract During metamorphosis in the hawkmothManduca sexta,larval leg motoneurons survive the degeneration of their target muscles to innervate new muscles that form during the development of the adult legs. Observations of muscle developmentin vivosuggest that there are close interactions between motor terminals and the muscle precursor cells at the earliest stages of muscle formation and surgical denervation compromises further development of adult muscles. Here we describe a nerve/muscle coculture system that allows further exploration of this critical developmental interaction. Muscle precursor cells derived from the developing thoracic legs of early pupae and cultured in the presence of neurons assumed a spindle-like morphology and fused to form multinucleate contractile myotubes. Contractile fibers did not form in cultures of muscle precursor cells alone. In the presence of neurons the rate of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into myonuclei was significantly enhanced, suggesting that neurons promote the proliferation of myogenic cells. This effect was not unique to thoracic leg motoneurons of the early pupal stage, in that larval thoracic neurons as well as neurons from the pupal brain or abdominal ganglia were also effective at enhancing BrdU incorporation and the formation of contractile muscle fibers. Medium conditioned by neurons was ineffective at promoting BrdU incorporation, and in cocultures BrdU incorporation was enhanced only in regions of physical overlap between neurons and muscle precursor cells, suggesting that a very close-range interaction was involved. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive neuronal activity was not required for the effect on muscle development, but fixed neurons were ineffective. The insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone enhanced BrdU incorporation into the nuclei of myogenic cells in both the presence and the absence of neurons. The results suggest that both neurons and ecdysteroids play an important regulatory role in adult muscle development, at least in part by enhancing the proliferation of myogenic cells.
Visual psychophysics and medical imaging: nonparametric adaptive method for rapid threshold estimation in sensitivity experiments

The M-AFC (alternatively forced choice) transformed up-down adaptive method for the rapid determination of visual thresholds in medical images is described. The method is very efficient in obtaining thresholds to medical imaging parameters; in addition, it is free from criterion bias, an important concern in radiology, and it is free from parametric assumptions about the stimulus scale, which is often unknown due to the complexity of medical images. Issues of experimental design are presented that arise in the use of this method, and the psychological caveats which should be followed with human observers are noted. Two experiments are presented to demonstrate the method's efficacy in determining thresholds and psychometric functions in medical images. >
Networking for distributed virtual simulation

Abstract Distributed Virtual Simulation (DVS) is a new technology that extends Virtual Reality to the networked environment. It was developed for military training and is being used for civilian education and entertainment. Participants can interact over great distances in the virtual world if supported by a network that provides real-time, multicast packet communications with resource reservation for adequate performance, and satisfactory security. Requirements and techniques for real-time networking, internetted multicast, and resource reservations in support of DVS are described, and are used to define the set of missing Internet technologies that will be needed for DVS.
Testosterone and weight loss: the evidence.

Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to examine the contemporary data linking testosterone therapy in overweight and obese men with testosterone deficiency to increased lean body mass, decreased fat mass, improvement in overall body composition and sustained weight loss. This is of paramount importance because testosterone therapy in obese men with testosterone deficiency represents a novel and a timely therapeutic strategy for managing obesity in men with testosterone deficiency.
FT-Raman Spectroscopy with Fiber-Optic Probes and a Diode-Bar-Pumped Nd:YAG Laser

FT-Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a useful technique for measuring spectra in the absence of interfering fluorescence. Previous measurements have used conventional 90° or 180° sampling geometries, with the use of lenses or mirrors. In this paper, spectra have been measured with the use of a bifurcated fiber-optic bundle, which both delivers the laser excitation to the sample and collects the scattered light, delivering it to the spectrometer. The sampling is easy and routine, requiring almost no sample alignment, and provides a quick and convenient method of remote sampling. Additionally, a prototype diode-bar-pumped Nd: YAG laser was used as the excitation source. This compact laser provides more than adequate power to allow the acquisition of high-quality Raman data. A comparison between this laser and a more conventional flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser is made.
A Positive Youth Development Model for Students Considered At-Risk.

Children considered ‘at-risk’ for school failure and other adverse life outcomes have received increasing attention in multiple countries across the world. The research literature is replete with studies that emphasize specific detrimental factors that may make a child’s life more difficult upon entering adulthood. The traditional, negative perspective of first identifying deficits and pathology before offering aid contrasts sharply with resiliency research and the emerging positive youth development (PYD) model. The developmental assets framework is under the rubric of PYD and offers a strength-based approach to child development, prevention and intervention. This article reviews and integrates data which demonstrate how asset-building is beneficial to students considered at-risk. School psychologists are well-positioned to collaborate with teachers and other educators to play vital roles in implementing this proactive PYD model to help all students.
Powers of Hamiltonian paths in interval graphs

We give a simple proof that the obvious necessary conditions for a graph to contain the kth power of a Hamiltonian path are sufficient for the class of interval graphs. The proof is based on showing that a greedy algorithm tests for the existence of Hamiltonian path powers in interval graphs. We will also discuss covers by powers of paths and analogues of the Hamiltonian completion number. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 28: 31–38, 1998
The Timing of Pregnancy Testing in 131I Therapy

TO THE EDITOR: In the publication of the SNMMI guideline on 131I therapy ([1][1]), there appears a recommendation for a pregnancy test to be performed within 24 h of the administration of 131I for women of reproductive age who cannot provide written documentation of a hysterectomy or bilateral
The majority of in vitro macrophage activation exhibited by extracts of some immune enhancing botanicals is due to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides

We have identified potent monocyte/macrophage activating bacterial lipoproteins within commonly used immune enhancing botanicals such as Echinacea, American ginseng and alfalfa sprouts. These bacterial lipoproteins, along with lipopolysaccharides, were substantially more potent than other bacterially derived components when tested in in vitro monocyte/macrophage activation systems. In experiments using RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages the majority (85–98%) of the activity within extracts from eight immune enhancing botanicals was eradicated by treatment with agents (lipoprotein lipase and polymyxin B) known to target these two bacterial components. Alfalfa sprouts exhibited the highest activity of those botanicals tested but the appearance of this activity during the germination of surface sterilized seeds was abolished by the presence of antibiotics. These studies indicate that the majority of the in vitro macrophage activating properties in extracts from these botanicals can be attributed to the presence of lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides derived from bacteria and that bacterial endophytes may be a significant source of these components.
Determining the discrete-time reliability of a repairable 2-out-of-(N+1):F system

A discrete-time reliability analysis of a repairable 2-out-of-(N+1):F system with active redundancy is presented. Upon failure of any one unit, system failure is avoided if the failed unit is repaired prior to any other unit failures. Starting with a Markov chain model, a novel technique involving the use of semi-absorbing states and an auxiliary coefficient matrix allows the derivation of a reliability function for this system.
Overview: Pulmonary embolism mortality in relation to oral contraceptive use

Abstract United States mortality trends due to pulmonary embolism during the period 1960–1972 were analyzed to determine if death trends were consistent with the hypothesis that mortality would be reduced among females with a switch to the lower estrogen oral contraceptives during the end of the 1960s and early 1970s. Data were consistent with this hypothesis, but must be interpreted cautiously.
Pathogen-Based Models Favoring MHC Genetic Diversity

We present six models that are currently the most likely ways that pathogens might favor the evolution of MHC genetic diversity. Although each model makes one or more unique predictions, the current lack of crucial data prevents distinguishing the relative importance of each model. However, this first-time organization of these models should contribute to the design of critical experiments. This synthetic review yields at least three essentially new ideas. First, MHC-dependent immune recognition may be sufficiently redundant to render it essentially escape-proof by pathogens. Second, the four models based on pathogen escape do not work (or work weakly) for diversifying class II genes, unless class II-restricted cytotoxic T-cells are important, an idea that is controversial. Third, pathogen-escape events have traditionally been thought to result in only frequency-dependent selection but here we show that heterozygote advantage is an inevitable consequence of such pathogen evasion. Therefore, the controversy over the relative importance of these two forms of balancing selection is largely a false dichotomy.
Estrogens in Human Pregnancy Plasma I. Studies with Gas Chromatography

The concentration of the 3 classical estrogens, 17β-estradiol, estrone, and estriol, was determined in pooled pregnancy plasma by a combination of chemical extraction and gas chromatography. When pregnancy plasma was fractionated by gas chromatography, peaks representing the 3 estrogens were characterized by melting point determination, infrared analysis, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and formation of the acetate derivatives with subsequent gas chromatographic separation. The mean concentrations of estrogens per 100 ml. of pregnancy plasma were: estrone, 7.65 ± 1.60 µg.; 17β-estradiol, 3.39 ± 1.95 µg.; and estriol, 8.48 ± 2.34 µg.
On the magnetic scattering of low energy electrons from the surface of a ferromagnetic crystal

Abstract A simple theory of the magnetic scattering of low energy electrons from surfaces of ferromagnetic substances is presented. A phenomenological interaction between the incident election and the surface spins is employed. The nature of the scattering is discussed in two temperature regions. At temperatures low compared to the Curie temperature, the distribution in energy of elections scattered with fixed wave-vector transfer parallel to the surface yields valuable information on the dynamical properties of the surface spins. In particular, one should be able to observe scattering of elections by interaction with surface spin waves. This would enable the surface spin wave dispersion relation to be studied. The scattering from excitations of the semi-infinite crystal with energy in the bulk continuum is also greatly modified by the fact that surface spins are exchange-coupled to fewer neighbors than interior spins. The dependence of the cross section on wave vector transfer parallel to the surface is also examined for T >Tc, where Tc is the bulk Curie temperature. When T >Tc, measurement of the cross section allows determination of an important parameter of the theory. As Tc is approached from above, the scattering cross section is enhanced in the direction of the Bragg maxima, but no critical scattering occurs. A molecular field calculation indicates that spins in the surface layer order at the bulk Curie temperature.
Violence in contract work among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India

Background. Female sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to physical and sexual violence at work. This article examines the prevalence of recent physical and sexual violence victimization and associations of type of sex work among a large sample of young FSWs. Method. We used data from a cross-sectional survey on sex trafficking and sex work in southern India that included 1138 FSWs aged 18-25 years residing in 3 districts of Andhra Pradesh state. The independent variable was organization of sex work. FSWs on contract at sex work establishments outside their home district were classified as contract workers, as compared with women who worked autonomously within their home district. Using logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, we assessed the relation between contract/ non-contract sex work and various forms of violence experienced by FSWs. Results. Results indicate a high prevalence of work-related physical and sexual violence; 50% FSWs reported physical violence, and 77% reported sexual violence. FSWs performing contract work were at increased risk of physical and sexual violence at work, compared with women engaged in sex work in their home districts. Conclusions. The findings that contract work outside the home district increases the vulnerabilities faced by FSWs in India suggest that violence and disease prevention services aimed at FSWs would be more effective if organization of sex work-as contract or noncontract-is taken into account. Language: en
Dynamic Studies of Materials Using the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

Dynamic studies allow the observation of microscopical changes of materials over time as various factors alter an object. Using this methodology, processes important in art conservation and archaeology such as the wetting and drying of consolidated and unconsolidated building materials or the corrosion of metals from air pollutants can be studied in situ and in tempora. The development of the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope has made it possible to videotape these dynamic processes at nearly the same resolution limits as traditional SEM technologies without elaborate sample preparation. Experiments examining salt crystallization, shrinkage in adobe, and lead corrosion illustrate the value and applicability of the new E-SEM technology.
Anticipating complex network vulnerabilities through abstraction-based analysis

Large, complex networks are ubiquitous in nature and society, and there is great interest in developing rigorous, scalable methods for identifying and characterizing their vulnerabilities. This paper presents an approach for analyzing the dynamics of complex networks in which the network of interest is first abstracted to a much simpler, but mathematically equivalent, representation, the required analysis is performed on the abstraction, and analytic conclusions are then mapped back to the original network and interpreted there. We begin by identifying a broad and important class of complex networks which admit vulnerability-preserving, finite state abstractions, and develop efficient algorithms for computing these abstractions. We then propose a vulnerability analysis methodology which combines these finite state abstractions with formal analytics from theoretical computer science to yield a comprehensive vulnerability analysis process for networks of real-world scale and complexity. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated via case studies involving a realistic electric power grid, a gene regulatory network, and a general class of social network dynamics.
Alemtuzumab Use In Relapsed and Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A 62-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia [corrected] (CLL) who initially presented with lymphocytosis and 13q deletion in 1996 now presents to the clinic for recommendations regarding relapsed disease. The patient has received multiple prior therapies, including single-agent fludarabine, fludarabine and rituximab, and bendamustine and rituximab. She now has recurrent lymphocytosis with a WBC count that has increased from 13,000 2 months ago to 115,000 today and a platelet count of 55,000 but no lymphadenopathy. In addition, your evaluation finds that she has acquired a 17p deletion.
Le degré in-fini de l'écriture : la prose d'Éric Chevillard

Deleuze relevait chez Beckett des « disjonctions inclusives », soit des selections paradigmatiques logiquement incompatibles qu’une langue « begayante » fait cependant cohabiter. La prose d’Eric Chevillard travaille cette limite de la langue. Ainsi, le protagoniste de Palafox (1990) est a la fois papillon, reptile et elephant ; Crab ( Un fantome , 1995) se distingue a la fois par « sa laideur effrayante » et « la beaute irreguliere de ses traits ». Une taxinomie fantaisiste sur le plan des mots entraine une ontologie irreconciliable au niveau du monde-referent. Nous etudions ici les modalites par lesquelles ces corps irrationnels parasitent les structures du discours et, partant, celles du « reel ». Abstract Deleuze had noted Beckett’s “inclusive disjunctions”, that is, logically incompatible paradigmatic choices which could nonetheless coexist in a “stammering” language. Eric Chevillard’s prose works this limit of language. Thus the protagonist of Palafox (1990) is at the same time butterfly, reptile and elephant, Crab ( Un fantome , 1995) is distinguished both by his “frightening ugliness” and the “irregular beauty of his features”; a fantastical taxonomy of words engages an irreconcilable ontology on the level of world-referent. I reflect here on the modalities whereby such irrational bodies parasitically occupy the structures of discourse and, thereby, of the “real”.
The Proliferation of Publishing: Economic Rationality and Ritualized Productivity in a Neoliberal Era

Article publication in the field of sociology has proliferated. Data are presented on change in the number of sociology journals over time, the patterns of publication productivity by faculty in differently ranked sociology programs, and the patterns of article output by faculty of different age cohorts located in top-, middle-, and bottom-ranked sociology departments in the United States. Data are inconsistent with findings from the sociology of science, which elaborate a pattern of generally low productivity, and which describe sharp differences in publication by the age and organizational location in which academics work. The reasons for proliferation, attributable to historic shifts that have affected the terms of academic work in the late 20th century, are discussed. Proliferation of publication is not unique to sociology, but neither are its effects on fields monolithic. Comparisons and contrasts to other fields are made throughout the discussion. The proliferation of publication poses significant implications for the status of sociology and sociologists. While increased output may be associated with the advancement of science and scholarship in some disciplines, it is both a consequence and cause of demise in others.
Department Chair Advice on Teaching and Research at U.S. Research Universities

Using data from a 2010 survey of academic chairs, this study reports on academic department chairs' recommended time allocations to new assistant professors. I contend that personal values about research and teaching influence the department chair's recommendations along with organizational characteristics. Multi-level modeling indicates that department chairs' own academic time allocations, promotion history, and desire for quality teaching as well as organizational characteristics such as research facilities, average teaching load, and research ranking influence the department chairs' advice. These results suggest that organizational characteristics do not dominate official, individual actions within the university setting as bureaucratic and neo-institutional theories might predict.
Cholinergic and Catecholaminergic Modification of the Hippocampal Lesion Syndrome

The primary motivation for our study of the effects of brain damage in animals is the hope that, through such research, principles of the brain’s response to damage can be established that will lead, ultimately, to the discovery of ways in which such effects can be alleviated or even eliminated. The destruction of the hippocampus has been considered a useful model for the study of intervention processes in general because so many of the behavioral consequences of this damage have been extensively studied (see Isaacson, 1974, 1982; O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978; Pribram, this volume). This is not to say that the behavioral functions of the hippocampus are well understood. The interpretation of the behavioral alterations are, and will very likely continue to be, resistant to adequate theoretical analysis until the functions of other parts of the brain are also understood (see Isaacson, 1980a). Trying to develop a theory of hippocampal function without knowledge of how cortical and subcortical systems enact their own complicated roles in our mental and behavioral lives is like trying to place a piece in a jigsaw puzzle that has the majority of the pieces missing. Will our knowledge of how all the pieces work ever be adequate? This is both a philosophical and an empirical question. In a clinical sense, we believe that enough will be understood about the brain to be of practical assistance to those with brain damage, stroke, and congenital deformations.
Biomedical Applications of In Vivo Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. It can be an oxidant and cause oxidative stress leading to progression of tissue injury. It can also be a secondary messenger triggering protective responses so as to enable the conditioned tissue to endure further injurious insults. Due to its important role in biology, a reliable technique to measure the generation and distribution is needed. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging technique has emerged as an important tool for characterizing and mapping of free radicals in biological systems. The EPR spectral characteristics including line-width, intensity, and lifetime, as well as spatial distribution of the radicals can provide vital information to enable the measurement of localized tissue redox status and oxygenation in disease models and even humans. In this brief review, a number of in vivo applications of EPR spectroscopy and imaging are discussed, including redox and oximetry spectroscopy, spatial and spectral-spatial imaging of organs and tissues.
The Effect of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 on Home Health Services

Home health care is intended to provide rehabilitation and post-acute care, returning patients to the best achievable levels of function. It is also intended to expedite hospital discharges, providing less expensive follow-on care. Before the BBA home care was paid on a fee for service basis. And, while home health care was not intended to provide an alternative to residential long term care, there were few or no disincentives to substitute home health for long term institutional care. The BBA was enacted to constrain the explosive growth in home health costs. After an interim system of reduced reimbursements, a prospective payment system was implemented. We estimate the effects of the BBA on home health care utilization and costs. We examine these effects in cancer patients because of their high utilization rates and because diagnosis dates allow us to define patient cohorts that can be followed and compared longitudinally. The data are drawn from the NCI's SEER tumor registry data linked to Medicare claims. Patients were excluded if they were enrolled in a Medicare HMO. We use a longitudinal database structure with patient-month units of observation. We include indicators for home health and hospice use, counts of home health visits and hospice days, home health and hospice payments, and total payments for Medicare services in each month. This allows us to compute Kaplan-Meyer sample averages for key variables of interest. Combining all cancers together, utilization rates for home health services in the first month subsequent to a cancer diagnosis fell from 17.4% for patients diagnosed in 1996 to 12.5% for those diagnosed in 2002, after the BBA was fully phased in. Similarly, for patients who died, home health utilization in the last month of life fell from 25.6% to 17.4% for those who died in 1996 and 2002, respectively. While home health utilization rates varied widely by cancer site and stage at diagnosis, the same patterns of declining utilization were observed, Between 1996 and 2002 home health utilization rates decreased by 24%, 30%, and 40%, respectively, in patients diagnosed with breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Unit costs of care, conditional on accessing home health services, also declined as the BBA was phased in, so that mean (KMSA) home health payments fell from $535 in 1996 to $367 in 2002 for the first six months after diagnosis and from $2,946 in 1996 to $1,400 in 2002 during the last six months of life for decedents. Total spending in the first six months after diagnosis fell from $10,694 in 1996 to $8,758 in 2000, then rose to $10,731 in 2002. For the terminally ill, total costs in the last six months fell continuously from $44,315 in 1996 to $31,784 in 2002. Thus, the BBA has been successful in limiting access to home health services, and the effects are greatest in those with the highest initial levels of utilization. This resulted cost savings for home health services, and a slow in the rate of increase for overall spending.
Icteric Index in the Newborn

Summary1. The icteric index determined by the water and acetone methods gave equal values in a series of 49 normal cord bloods and 50 normal new-born infants. 2. Hyperbilirubinemia was present in all but one of the cord bloods and 2 of the new-born infants. 3. All specimens gave a negative direct van den Bergh reaction even when the sera showed marked hyperbilirubinemia. 4. In several cases of congenital hemolytic icterus the same findings were present: the direct van den Bergh was negative and the icteric index gave the same values by both the water and acetone methods. 5. These methods may be used to differentiate hemolytic icterus from other types of icterus. The results support the hemolytic theory of icterus neonatorum.
BEACH PROFILES AT TORREY PINES, CALIFORNIA

Beach profiles have been measured at Torrey Pines Beach, California for four years and correlated with tides and accurate spectral estimates of the incident wave field. Characteristic equilibrium beach profiles persist for time spans of up to at least two weeks in response to periods of uniform incident waves. These changes in the beach profiles are primarily due to on-offshore sediment transport which can be related to variations in wave characteristics and tidal phase. The most rapid readjustment of the beach profile occurs during high wave energy conditions coincident with spring tides. Alternatively, the highest berm building is associated with moderate to low waves that coincide with spring tides.
Extended action of FIX for improving the lifestyle of Hemophiliacs

S pharmaceutical companies are in the process of developing Factor IX (FIX) molecules with a longer half-life. The goal of this is to improve the lifestyle of patients with hemophilia by decreasing their frequency of injection of coagulation FIX. Biogen IDEC has developed a FIX molecule with a Fc terminal extension that is purported to be re-cycled vita the Fc receptor. NovoNordisk developed a new FIX that has had PEG added to one of its N-Glycosylation sites in its activation peptide. Behring has developed a longer lasting FIX molecule that has albumin added to its C-terminus. The albumin has a FXI cleavage site and is cleaved when FIX is activated. All of these molecules are considerably larger than normal FIXWT, and may not be distributed normally into the extravascular space where much of FIX normally resides. FIX has been shown to bind tightly and reversibly to type IV collagen which underlies all endothelial cells. This binding is correlated with the observation that much of FIX seems to be located extravascularly. We have recently shown that normal FIX can protect hemophilia B mice for up to 7 days after infusion, well after the FIX has disappeared from circulation. Therefore, extravascular FIX plays an important role in hemostasis and may be the most relevant compartment for coagulation. The distribution of these new longer lasting factor IX molecules needs to be established. Darrel W. Stafford, J Blood Disord Transfus 2013, 4:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9864.S1.004
Toxicities of Three Insecticides to Five Species of Grasshopper Nymphs

Techniques were developed to obtain toxicological data on 3 pyrethroid insecticides by determining mortality of 2nd and 3rd instars of 5 species of grasshoppers, by using both field plot and simultaneous laboratory studies. Field studies involved small plots with natural populations separated by metal walls; laboratory studies simulated field application rates per unit area in glass boxes. Permethrin produced virtually no mortality to Melanoplus bivittatus (Say), a substantially greater mortality to Boopedon auriventris McNeill and M. femurrubrum (De Geer), a still greater mortality to Orphulella speciosa (Scudder), and the highest mortality to Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder). Decamethrin produced a substantial mortality to all species but the greatest to A. deorum. SD 41706® (cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2,3,3,-tetramethyl-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester) produced substantial mortalities to all 5 species. There was virtually no difference in mortalities between 2nd and 3rd instars 72 h after insecticide application nor between field and laboratory individuals within a particular species.
Body experience differences of women with preterm labor.

PROBLEM To determine whether body changes described and evaluated by women with preterm labor differed from those of women with normal pregnancies. METHODS Experiences of weight, appetite, activity, and mood change experiences for four sequential time intervals of pregnancy from 41 women with preterm labor and 23 women with normal pregnancies were analyzed using log-linear procedures. FINDINGS The pregnancies of women with preterm labor were characterized by greater frequencies of worrisome body changes up until the 28th week. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Preterm labor was discussed as a problem of body image organization. Women with preterm labor have greater difficulty assimilating and accommodating to the body changes of pregnancy. A model of body change for preterm labor pregnancy was described. Study findings emphasized the importance of psychoemotional phenomena in preterm labor childbearing outcomes.
Geriatric hypertension therapy: A guide to cost-effectiveness

The traditional, stepped-care approach to the treatment of hypertension has been challenged by the introduction of new and more expensive medications. Because hypertensive patients include those who can least afford high-priced medication, such prescribing patterns may result in noncompliance and, further, may cause patients to switch to physicians or managed-care systems more considerate of their economic needs. Physicians should therefore consider cost-effectiveness in treatment of hypertensive patients.
The Political Novels: Which, Who, and What

It has been usual for some years now to group together Can You Forgive Her? (1864–5), Phineas Finn (1867–9), The Eustace Diamonds (1871–3), Phineas Redux (1873), The Prime Minister (1875–6), and The Duke’s Children (1879–80) under the heading of the Political or Parliamentary Novels — or, more recently, the Palliser Novels. And yet Trollope never made this grouping himself. Indeed, the promotion of the six into a separate category occurred long after his death. In Anthony Trollope: A Commentary (1927), Michael Sadleir listed the six together as the Political Novels. Although the division of the novels was largely his own, it derived in part from a compilation by Spencer Nichols in The Significance of Anthony Trollope (1925). Nichols, in turn, had accepted the classification made by Speare, who discussed the six novels together in his book on The Political Novel (1924). Speare, however, refused to accept Can You Forgive Her? as a genuine part of the series.1 He referred his reading T. H. S. Escott, who dealt with the novels together as political in tone and focus but never actually gave them any subsuming collective name. Nevertheless Dodd, Mead & Company reissued the six novels in various editions between 1893 and 1928 with the words “The Parliamentary Novels” on the spine. More recently, in an Introduction to Can You Forgive Her? Sadleir proposed that “Palliser Novels” would be a more appropriate term than any of the others; the term gained acceptance, so that when in 1950 the Oxford University Press began publishing its “Illustrated Trollope” edition it substituted the term “Palliser Novels” for the more usual “Parliamentary Novels.” The six have recently (1973) been reissued in paperback by Oxford once again as “The Palliser Novels.”
Real-time GPU-based timing channel detection using entropy

As line rates continue to grow, network security applications such as covert timing channel (CTC) detection must utilize new techniques for processing network flows in order to protect critical enterprise networks. GPU-based packet processing provides one means of scaling the detection of CTCs and other anomalies in network flows. In this paper, we implement a GPU-based detection tool, capable of detecting model-based covert timing channels (MBCTCs). The GPU's ability to process a large number of packets in parallel enables more complex detection tests, such as the corrected conditional entropy (CCE) test—a modified version of the conditional entropy measurement, which has a variety of applications outside of covert channel detection. In our experiments, we evaluate the CCE test's true and false positive detection rates, as well as the time required to perform the test on the GPU. Our results demonstrate that GPU packet processing can be applied successfully to perform real-time CTC detection at near 10 Gbps with high accuracy.
Differential Evolution and its Applications to Power Plant Control

Differential evolution has seen growing popularity as an effective yet simple evolutionary algorithm. Its main feature is that the difference between population members is used for the mutation process instead of randomly generated values. Its ease of use and implementation make it a more attractive approach to evolutionary algorithms as it is simpler to explain the choice of parameters to fit a given cost function. This paper provides a brief overview of differential evolution, and shows its uses in two applications. The first application is using differential evolution in a reference governor to generate optimal set points for the control of a power plant. The second application uses differential evolution as a gain tuning algorithm for the same power plant. Both applications include a comparison of multiple differential evolution strategies as well as a comparison with prominent particle swarm optimization techniques. Also included in this paper is a method of speeding up the convergence of differential evolution by combining it with aspects of standard evolutionary algorithms.
A Mobile Element in mutS Drives Hypermutation in a Marine Vibrio.

United States. Department of Energy. Office of Biological and Environmental Research (Award no. DE-SC0008743)
Molecular Genetics of Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents

There has been a steady incorporation of powerful new molecular tools into the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. With an increasing incidence of nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) being diagnosed in children and adolescents, oncogene data are providing insight into the clinical differences between pediatric and adult patients with histologically similar DTC. However, additional investment and efforts are needed to define the genomic landscape for pediatric DTC with the goal of improving preoperative diagnostic accuracy as well as stratifying treatment in an effort to reduce complications of therapy.