cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The future of the orthopaedic clinician-scientist. Part I: The potential role of MD-PhD students considering orthopaedic surgery.

Background: The successful incorporation of research into the future careers of residents provides tremendous potential for increasing scientific orthopaedic inquiry and improving musculoskeletal care. Therefore, we sought to assess resident opinions regarding plans and incentives for future research and the opinions of academic chairs who must support them. Methods: Residents from sixteen departments were surveyed with a twenty-four-question online survey. Similar surveys were sent to chairs of all residency-sponsoring departments. Results: The response rate was 44% (183) for the residents and 60% (eighty-six) for the chairs. Forty-two percent of the residents felt certain or likely that they would perform research during their careers, and 28% were undecided. Ninety-nine percent thought that orthopaedic surgeons performing research is important to clinical orthopaedics. Ninety-three percent of the residents expressed the need for monetary incentives for research, but only 40% would help to provide it. Chairs similarly noted the importance of research subsidization (92%) and a willingness to support it (70%). Residents indicated that increased funding and protected time would provide the greatest incentives for research during residency; chairs agreed. After training, debt relief and salary support were most important for residents; chairs chose protected time and a chair who is supportive of research as most important. Primary authorship on a prior manuscript and past research experience were found to be associated with greater future research interest in univariate analyses; primary authorship maintained an independent association in multivariate analysis. Younger residents and women were more likely to be unsure of their research interest. Conclusions: Many orthopaedic residents in training have interest in integrating research into their future practice and support the research mission of orthopaedic surgeons. Our results may aid in identifying residents with high research interest (and those unsure) and help to guide the provision of incentives to actuate those interests. Clinical Relevance: Increasing the future research potential of residents will help to spur scientific investigation, which serves as the foundation for evidence-based clinical orthopaedic care.
Dystonia Associated With Mutation of the Neuronal Sodium Channel Scn8a and Identification of the Modifier Locus Scnm1 on Mouse Chromosome 3

The mouse mutant medJ contains a splice site mutation in the neuronal sodium channel Scn8a that results in a very low level of expression. On a C57BL/6J genetic background, medJ homozygotes exhibit progressive paralysis and juvenile lethality. The C3H genetic background has an ameliorating effect, producing viable adults with a novel dystonic phenotype. The dystonic mice exhibit movement-induced, sustained abnormal postures of the trunk and limbs. A dominant modifier locus responsible for the difference between strains was mapped to a 4.5 +/- 1.3 cM interval on mouse chromosome 3. Our findings establish a role for ion channels in dystonia and demonstrate the impact of genetic background on its severity and progression. This new model suggests that SCN8A on chromosome 12q13 and SCNM1 on chromosome 1p21-1q21 may contribute to human inherited dystonia.
Benzophenone-containing cholesterol surrogates: synthesis and biological evaluation

Eight analogs of cholesterol (1) containing a benzophenone group have been synthesized as prospective photoaffinity labels for studies in cellular sterol efflux and HDL formation. Six of these compounds (4-9) have the photophore replacing different portions of the cholesterol alkyl side chain, and two (10 and 11) have it attached via nitrogen at carbon 3. The suitability of these analogs as cholesterol surrogates was determined by examining their ability to replace [3H]1 in fibroblasts preequilibrated with [3H]1. All eight analogs were effective in replacing natural 1 in competition with [3H]1 for apolipoprotein A-I-induced efflux. These are the first compounds shown to replace cholesterol successfully in a complex pathway of multiple intracellular steps. The results suggest an unexpected tolerance of biological membranes regarding the incorporation of sterols of differing chemical structure.
PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONGST ADOLESCENT GIRLS

This review examines recent studies investigating physical activity interventions designed specifically for adolescent girls and makes recommendations for future research and practice. Results are organized using an adapted version of Pender's Health Promotion Model. Of the 12 interventions reviewed, three increased physical activity, two improved fitness, two decreased body fat, and six sought to improve psychosocial functioning in their participants. These interventions included a variety of components, including physical, cognitive, affective, and environmental. This research summary can aid adolescent health researchers, school nurses, and pediatric health care professionals in designing strategies to increase physical activity in adolescent girls. In addition to directly increasing physical activity, future interventions should also seek to influence physical activity-related cognition affect and environment in order to bring about lasting change.
Evaluation of droplet velocity and size from nasal spray devices using phase Doppler anemometry (PDA).

To determine aerosol deposition during the inhalation drug delivery, it is important to understand the combination of velocity and droplet size together. In this study, phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) was used to simultaneously characterize the aerosol velocity and droplet size distribution (DSD) of three nasal spray pumps filled with water. Thirteen sampling positions were located in the horizontal cross-sectional area of the nasal spray plumes at a distance of 3 cm from the pump orifice. The results showed droplet velocities near the center of the spray plume were higher and more consistent than those near the edge. The pumps examined showed significant differences in their aerosol velocity at the center of the spray plume, which suggest that this metric might be used as a discriminating parameter for in vitro testing of nasal sprays. Droplet size measurements performed using PDA were compared with results from laser light scattering measurements. The ability of PDA to provide simultaneous measurements of aerosol velocity and size makes it a powerful tool for the detailed investigation of nasal spray plume characteristics.
The Convergence of Voting and Attitude Patterns at the United Nations

T his study examines the attitudes of United Nations delegates toward the major organs of the United Nations and attempts to ascertain what relations, if any, can be found between those attitudes and discernible voting patterns. It is basically a complement of another study focusing on delegate attitudes toward specific U.N. organs, entitled "National Attributes as Predictors of Delegate Attitudes at the United Nations."' The importance of delegate attitudes to the development of the United Nations has been stressed in the above study and will not be repeated here. In general, hovever, it is assumed that delegates possess "influence potential" because of the kind of role they play in the United Nations setting. Richard F. Pederson has pointed out:
Metallocene–methylaluminoxane catalysts for olefin polymerization. I. Trimethylaluminum as coactivator

Ethylene was polymerized by Cp2ZrCl2–methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts where a portion of the MAO was replaced with trimethyl aluminum (TMA). At a total Al to Zr ratio of 1070, there is neither appreciable loss of productivity nor change in polymerization profile for TMA/MAO ≤ 10. The productivity is reduced only by two- to three-fold for TMA/MAO ≤ 100 accompanied by a 10 min induction period. Aging of this catalyst did not affect the induction period, but improves its productivity. The kinetic isotope effect for radiolabeling with tritiated methanol is 2.0. About 40% of the Zr is active for the catalyst with {99 [TMA] + 1[MAO]} to Zr ratio of 100. The rate constants for propagation and chain transfer were obtained. The mechanisms for the mixed TMA and MAO cocatalyst system are discussed. The results of this work have important practical significance. MAO is a hazardous material to synthesize and only in low yields. The replacement of > 90% of MAO with TMA represents a substantial saving since as much as 0.1M of the former is commonly used for a polymerization.
Rapamycin antagonizes TNF induction of VCAM-1 on endothelial cells by inhibiting mTORC2

Recruitment of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues depends on adhesion molecules expressed by endothelial cells (ECs). Here we report that rapamycin pretreatment reduced the ability of TNF-treated ECs to capture T cells under conditions of venular flow. This functional change was caused by inhibition of TNF-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and could be mimicked by knockdown of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or rictor, but not raptor, implicating mTORC2 as the target of rapamycin for this effect. Mechanistically, mTORC2 acts through Akt to repress Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling, and inhibition of mTORC2 consequently results in hyperactivation of ERK1/2. Increased ERK1/2 activity antagonizes VCAM-1 expression by repressing TNF induction of the transcription factor IRF-1. Preventing activation of ERK1/2 reduced the ability of rapamycin to inhibit TNF-induced VCAM-1 expression. In vivo, rapamycin inhibited mTORC2 activity and potentiated activation of ERK1/2. These changes correlated with reduced endothelial expression of TNF-induced VCAM-1, which was restored via pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2. Functionally, rapamycin reduced infiltration of leukocytes into renal glomeruli, an effect which was partially reversed by inhibition of ERK1/2. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which rapamycin modulates the ability of vascular endothelium to mediate inflammation and identifies endothelial mTORC2 as a potential therapeutic target.
High-quality linear interpolation for demosaicing of Bayer-patterned color images

This paper introduces a new interpolation technique for demosaicing of color images produced by single-CCD digital cameras. We show that the proposed simple linear filter can lead to an improvement in PSNR of over 5.5 dB when compared to bilinear demosaicing, and about 0.7 dB improvement in R and B interpolation when compared to a recently introduced linear interpolator. The proposed filter also outperforms most nonlinear demosaicing algorithms, without the artifacts due to nonlinear processing, and a much reduced computational complexity.
A Bayesian Clustering Method for Tracking Neural Signals Over Successive Intervals

This paper introduces a new, unsupervised method for sorting and tracking the action potentials of individual neurons in multiunit extracellular recordings. Presuming the data are divided into short, sequential recording intervals, the core of our strategy relies upon an extension of a traditional mixture model approach that incorporates clustering results from the preceding interval in a Bayesian manner, while still allowing for signal nonstationarity and changing numbers of recorded neurons. As a natural byproduct of the sorting method, current and prior signal clusters can be matched over time in order to track persisting neurons. We also develop techniques to use prior data to appropriately seed the clustering algorithm and select the model class. We present results in a principal components space; however, the algorithm may be applied in any feature space where the distribution of a neuron's spikes may be modeled as Gaussian. Applications of this signal classification method to recordings from macaque parietal cortex show that it provides significantly more consistent clustering and tracking results than traditional methods based on expectation-maximization optimization of mixture models. This consistent tracking ability is crucial for intended applications of the method.
Real time object tracking based on dynamic feature grouping with background subtraction

Object detection and tracking has various application areas including intelligent transportation systems. We introduce an object detection and tracking approach that combines the background subtraction algorithm and the feature tracking and grouping algorithm. We first present an augmented background subtraction algorithm which uses a low-level feature tracking as a cue. The resulting background subtraction cues are used to improve the feature detection and grouping result. We then present a dynamic multi-level feature grouping approach that can be used in real time applications and also provides high-quality trajectories. Experimental results from video clips of a challenging transportation application are presented.
Characteristics of Cavotricuspid Isthmus–Dependent Atrial Flutter After Left Atrial Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Background— Patients who have previously undergone ablation of atrial fibrillation may experience cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter during follow-up. The effects of left atrial (LA) ablation on the characteristics of CTI-dependent flutter have not been described. Methods and Results— Fifteen patients underwent ablation of CTI-dependent flutter late after LA ablation of AF. The ECG, biatrial activation patterns, and LA voltage maps during flutter were analyzed. Thirty age- and gender-matched patients who underwent ablation of CTI-dependent flutter without prior LA ablation served as control subjects. Among the patients with prior LA ablation, mapping revealed counterclockwise activation around the tricuspid annulus in 12 of 15 patients (80%) and clockwise activation in 3 of 15 patients (20%). The flutter waves in the inferior leads were upright in 9 of the 15 patients (60%) with prior LA ablation and in none of the control subjects (P<0.001). The upright flutter waves in the inferior lea...
Higher Tacrolimus Concentrations Early Post-Transplant Reduce the Risk of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S355eS373 S369 be more economically responsible in a small group of patients will have a large impact on drug expenditures. As the price of thiotepa continues to rise and alternative regimens are utilized more frequently, there remains a responsibility for the practitioner to report and determine the most effective, safe, and economically responsible pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning regimen.
Inertial Response to Wind

The stress of the wind exerted over the sea surface is the prime driving force of circulation in the coastal ocean. Yet, as already pointed out in the previous chapter, wind action only affects directly through internal friction a surface layer usually much thinner than the total water column. To the rest of the water mass the effects of the wind are communicated through pressure forces, arising in the first instance from the presence of coasts which ‘dam up’ the water. The response to these forces is controlled essentially by the inertia of the water mass, with the Earth’s rotation playing an important role. In order to understand such effects it is necessary to study the pressure field which arises in response to forcing by wind. One would like to answer questions such as what the pattern of the pressure field is arising from given forcing by wind, by what precise physical mechanism it is established, how long the establishment takes and what quantitative parameters affect it.
A Classical Constitution: Ancient Roots of Our National Charter

The American Constitution was the creation of individuals who were well schooled in the classics, and who sought to incorporate the wisdom gained from ancient history and political philosophy. Professor Bonventre outlines the reliance of Adams, Madison, Wilson and other Founders on lessons learned from Greece and Rome. In preparation for the constitutional convention, in fact, several of the leaders engaged in intensive reviews of classical history and political thought. Not surprisingly, the frame of government established in the Constitution, as well as the nation's foundational ideas set forth in the Declaration of Independence, reflect the teachings of Aristotle, Cicero, and other ancient political theorists, as well as the experience of ancient republics.
Complement sensitivity of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria bone marrow cells.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired disorder in which erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets are defective, as shown by increased susceptibility of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets to complement- mediated lysis in vitro. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity to complement lysis of PNH and non-PNH erythroid and myeloid precursors using the release of 59Fe and myeloperoxidase as specific markers to monitor the lytic action of complement on erythroid and myeloid cell precursors, respectively. Erythroid cell precursors in four of four PNH patients demonstrated increased sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis. Myeloid cell precursors in four of five PNH patients also exhibited increased sensitivity to complement and antibody. In addition, CFU-c growth was below normal in the marrow of seven PNH patients. These findings support the hypothesis that the defect in PNH occurs at the level of the hematopoietic stem cell.
Pincer-Ligated Nickel Hydridoborate Complexes: the Dormant Species in Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Boranes

Nickel pincer complexes of the type [2,6-(R(2)PO)(2)C(6)H(3)]NiH (R = (t)Bu, 1a; R = (i)Pr, 1b; R = (c)Pe, 1c) react with BH(3)·THF to produce borohydride complexes [2,6-(R(2)PO)(2)C(6)H(3)]Ni(η(2)-BH(4)) (2a-c), as confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and elemental analysis. The reactions are irreversible at room temperature but reversible at 60 °C. Compound 1a exchanges its hydrogen on the nickel with the borane hydrogen of 9-BBN or HBcat, but does not form any observable adduct. The less bulky hydride complexes 1b and 1c, however, yield nickel dihydridoborate complexes reversibly at room temperature when mixed with 9-BBN and HBcat. The dihydridoborate ligand in these complexes adopts an η(2)-coordination mode, as suggested by IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Under the catalytic influence of 1a-c, reduction of CO(2) leads to the methoxide level when 9-BBN or HBcat is employed as the reducing agent. The best catalyst, 1a, involves bulky substituents on the phosphorus donor atoms. Catalytic reactions involving 1b and 1c are less efficient because of the formation of dihydridoborate complexes as the dormant species as well as partial decomposition of the catalysts by the boranes.
Security InjectionscTowson: Integrating Secure Coding into Introductory Computer Science Courses

Despite the critical societal importance of computer security, security is not well integrated into the undergraduate computing curriculum. Security classes and tracks treat security issues as separable topics as opposed to fundamental issues that pervade all aspects of software development. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on security as a cross-cutting concern across the computer science curriculum. The Security InjectionscTowson project provides resources and effective strategies to incorporate secure coding in the early programming classes. We describe the development, assessment, and dissemination of more than 40 lab-based security injection modules designed to be injected into courses with minimal impact on the curriculum. We include assessment results from 1,135 students across five diverse institutions demonstrating that the security injections help students retain, comprehend, and apply secure coding concepts in the introductory programming courses.
New directions for diabetes prevention and management in behavioral medicine

Accelerating diabetes rates have resulted in a global public health epidemic. Lifestyle change is a cornerstone of care, yet regimen demands may result in adherence difficulties. Distress, depression, and other psychosocial concerns are higher in those with diabetes. While interventions, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program appear to be effective, further research is needed to support the translation of interventions to prevent diabetes. Studies assessing optimal approaches to promoting effective decision making, coping and adherence are needed. More information is needed to evaluate the influence and potential of emerging technologies on intervention delivery and quality of life in children and adults with diabetes. Theoretically informed, interdisciplinary studies that consider ecological models are needed to develop a roadmap for policies and diabetes management recommendations. Reduction of diabetes-related health disparities is a critical area for future studies. Behavioral medicine scientists and practitioners are poised to address these and other proposed future research directions to advance diabetes prevention and management.
A Capacity Building Framework for Community-University Partnerships

With a focus on organizational capacity building, community-university (CU) partnerships have the potential to yield valuable resources for community nonprofits, which increasingly have to accomplish more with fewer resources. Although a growing body of literature documents the success of such arrangements, both community agencies and universities often face challenges in managing such partnerships. With a focus on student involvement, this paper describes a framework for conceptualizing CU partnerships around capacity building, with efforts designed to address particular program needs as related to the organization’s capacity goals. These needs can be viewed as involving five levels of capacity building: 1) monitoring and documenting program outcomes or processes, 2) enhancing staff skills, 3) modifying program processes, 4) supporting adaptation, and 5) developing infrastructure. Conceptualizing partnerships along these levels helps frame communication about the agency’s capacity building agenda, focuses efforts on addressing organizational needs, and establishes expectations for the scope of student work. Efforts to address these levels can take the form of internal or external models of partnership, varying in their degrees of student involvement and faculty supervision, and can leverage various mechanisms to compensate students for their work. Over time, opportunities for student involvement transform as the needs, goals, and resources of the agency evolve, and the potential of the university to influence the agency grows. Simultaneously, the opportunities open to students for professional development, competency building, and career networking continue to develop as they implement higher-level capacity building within an organization.
Ets transcription factor GABP controls T cell homeostasis and immunity

Peripheral T cells are maintained in the absence of vigorous stimuli, and respond to antigenic stimulation by initiating cell cycle progression and functional differentiation. Here we show that depletion of the Ets family transcription factor GA-binding protein (GABP) in T cells impairs T-cell homeostasis. In addition, GABP is critically required for antigen-stimulated T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome and genome-wide GABP-binding site analyses identify GABP direct targets encoding proteins involved in cellular redox balance and DNA replication, including the Mcm replicative helicases. These findings show that GABP has a nonredundant role in the control of T-cell homeostasis and immunity.
Reduced-order modeling of CO2 storage operations

Abstract A POD-TPWL reduced-order modeling framework is developed to simulate and optimize the injection stage of CO2 storage operations. The method combines trajectory piecewise linearization (TPWL), where solutions with new sets of well controls are constructed based on linearization around previously simulated (training) solutions, and projection into a low-dimensional subspace using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The resulting representation is low-dimensional and linear, in contrast to the original nonlinear full-order flow simulations. Several new POD-TPWL treatments are introduced and demonstrated. These include the use of multiple derivatives, meaning that the linearizations are performed around different training solutions at different time steps, and the use of rate-controlled (rather than pressure-controlled) injection wells. Two example cases are presented, and the ability of the POD-TPWL model to accurately capture wellbore pressure, when time-varying CO2 injection rates are prescribed, is demonstrated. It is also shown that, for these examples, the reduced-order models can provide accurate estimates of CO2 molar fraction at particular locations in the domain. The POD-TPWL model is then incorporated into a mesh adaptive direct search optimization framework where the objective is to minimize the amount of CO2 reaching a target layer at the end of the injection period. The POD-TPWL model is shown to be well suited for this purpose and to provide optimization results that are comparable to those obtained using full-order simulations. The preprocessing computations needed to construct the POD-TPWL models entail a (serial) time equivalent of about 6.7 full-order simulations, though the resulting runtime speedups, relative to full-order simulation, are about 100–150 for the cases considered.
Cautions as Regulators Move to End Exclusive Reliance on Intention to Treat.

Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses of randomized trials have been favored because they alleviate concerns about baseline confounding, but ITT analyses estimate the effect of being assigned to an int...
Evaluation of morphine-like effects of the mixed mu/delta agonist morphine-6-O-sulfate in rats: Drug discrimination and physical dependence.

Morphine-6-O-sulfate (M6S) is as a mixed-action mu/delta (μ/δ) opioid receptor agonist with high potency and analgesic efficacy. These studies used assays of drug discrimination and schedule-controlled responding to assess abuse-liability, tolerance, and physical dependence as compared to morphine in rats. Attempts to train 0.3 mg/kg (IP) M6S from saline failed, but all rats rapidly acquired the discrimination when the training dose was changed to 3.0 mg/kg morphine, and substitution tests showed that morphine and fentanyl both fully substituted for the training dose, M6S and M3A6S (3-O-acetyl ester of M6S) only partially substituted, and salvinorin A did not elicit morphine-like effects. Tolerance to response rate-decreasing effects was studied in rats administered either 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg morphine or M6S before food-reinforced operant sessions. At both unit doses, tolerance to M6S-elicited rate suppression developed more slowly than tolerance to morphine-induced reductions in response rates. To assess dependence, rats were maintained on 1.0 mg/kg morphine or 1.0 mg/kg M6S until food-reinforced response rates were stable for at least 5 days. Rats were then administered saline or increasing doses of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) (0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) in order to determine antagonist-precipitated withdrawal. NTX precipitated withdrawal was similar in both morphine-maintained and M6S-maintained rats. In conclusion, the mixed μ/δ agonist activity of M6S failed to completely protect against the development of physical dependence, but delayed tolerance development to behavioral effects and resulted in decreased morphine-like subjective effects, perhaps implying a decreased abuse liability over μ agonists.
Pyloroplastik nach Finney

Diese pyloroplastik bietet sich an, um nach Vagotomie eine vollstandige Magendrainage zu gewahrleisten.
On Effect of Information Loss on Fuser Quality and Utility

We abstract the accuracy performance of any fuser into a fusion quality measure that is within the range [0, 1] and monotonically decreases with increasing errors. Although there are many possible ways to map the actual error to this quality measure, we adopt a mapping function consisting of both concave and convex regions and its parameters can be tuned based on system design requirements. The effect of communication loss over the links from the sensors, where estimates are generated, to the fuser is then considered, and based on the variations of the quality measure with loss, we define the overall fuser utility that characterizes the resilience of a fuser with increasingly adverse communication constraints. Tracking examples are shown to demonstrate the comparative quality and utility performances of several closed-form fusers.
Predictors for survival after radium-223 (R223) treatment for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer.

e16521Background: R223 has been shown to improve survival of patients with castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer. The purpose of our study is to identify factors that predict survival aft...
Reclaiming Our Time: A 21st-Century Response to Banks’ “Afro-American Scholars in the University”:

William Banks’ 1984 article “Afro-American Scholars in the University” situated Black faculty at predominantly White institutions in a milieu noting the uses and misuses of Black scholars, constitu...
Guidelines on Successfully Porting Non-Immersive Games to Virtual Reality: A Case Study in Minecraft

Virtual reality games have grown rapidly in popularity since the first consumer VR head-mounted displays were released in 2016, however comparatively little research has explored how this new medium impacts the experience of players. In this paper, we present a study exploring how user experience changes when playing Minecraft on the desktop and in immersive virtual reality. Fourteen players completed six 45 minute sessions, three played on the desktop and three in VR. The Gaming Experience Questionnaire, the i-Group presence questionnaire, and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire were administered after each session, and players were interviewed at the end of the experiment. Participants strongly preferred playing Minecraft in VR, despite frustrations with using teleporation as a travel technique and feelings of simulator sickness. Players enjoyed using motion controls, but still continued to use indirect input under certain circumstances. This did not appear to negatively impact feelings of presence. We conclude with four lessons for game developers interested in porting their games to virtual reality.
Soil physical properties following conversion of a reclaimed minesoil to bioenergy crop production

Abstract Land use, soil management and vegetation play important roles in restoration of reclaimed minesoils (RMS). There is a growing interest in converting marginal lands to bioenergy crop production instead of using highly fertile soils, which could jeopardize food security and soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess short-term changes of soil physical and hydrological properties after converting a RMS that was under meadow to miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) and corn (Zea mays L.) land-uses in Southeast Ohio. The study site was surface-mined for coal and lime, reclaimed and seeded with cool season grass and legume species mixture in 1986. The site remained under meadow land use until the establishment of this study in 2013. The results showed that bulk density (ρb) of the 0–10 cm soil depth (soil surface) under miscanthus and corn (1.28 and 1.25 Mg m−3) increased on average by 9% following conversion of meadow to miscanthus and corn land-uses, compared to the antecedent meadow (1.16 Mg m−3). There were no significant differences in ρb of soil below 20 cm depth, which was >1.5 Mg m−3. Decrease in soil aggregation was also observed at the soil surface after land-use change. The mean weight diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates was 2.00 mm under the meadow land use, which was significantly lower under the corn (1.45 mm) and miscanthus (0.96 mm) land uses. Subsequently, water infiltration rate decreased by 50% in the miscanthus and corn land-uses compared to the meadow (0.23 cm min−1). Additionally, plant-available water capacity (P-AWC) also decreased by 28% in the miscanthus and corn land-uses compared to the meadow (2.5 cm) at the top 10 cm depth. The data show significant changes in some sensitive soil physical properties within a short period of one year upon converting from reclaimed meadow to miscanthus and corn land-uses, suggesting that disturbances associated with land use change have negative impact on soil properties and soil quality.
Impact of increased atmospheric moisture on the precipitation depth caused by Hurricane Ivan (2004) over a target area.

Abstract In this article, numerical experiments are performed to investigate the effects of increasing atmospheric moisture on the precipitation depth (PD) produced by Hurricane Ivan (2004) over a target area, chosen as the drainage basin of the city of Asheville, NC. Atmospheric moisture was increased indirectly by increasing the sea surface temperature (SST) in the simulation initial conditions, and by letting the regional atmospheric model adjust the atmospheric fields to the SST perturbation. The SST was increased in two ways: 1) using spatially constant increments and 2) using a climate change perturbation field obtained from a climate projection. For each SST scenario, the PD over the target area was maximized by using a physically based storm transposition method. Although the mean PD, that was obtained by averaging over all shifting increments, increased with SST, the maximum PD was obtained for the case of no SST increase. It was found that, in the case of no SST increase, the worst-case tropical cyclone track was significantly different than in the SST increase scenarios. In particular, in this case, the storm spent a longer time in the simulation inner domain, thus spawning a larger PD over the target area.
Faculty Support for a Culture of Scholarship of Discovery: A Literature Review.

Abstract Background A review of the literature was completed answering the question: “What is known about the barriers to, and support of, the scholarship of discovery that faculty members in nursing and related health sciences (i.e., medical, dental, and pharmacy) whose time is used in both the academic setting and clinical setting encounter as they develop programs of research, engage in grant writing, and pursue scientific publication?” Methods Using a systematic approach, a total of 29 articles were included in this review. Results Four major themes were identified: (1) Organizational expectations (2) administrative support (3) mentorship and (4) barriers to scholarship in nursing and related health sciences faculty. Organizational expectations and administrative support were critical in developing and maintaining a culture of scholarship, various mentorship models improved faculty scholarship skills and productivity, while multiple barriers were found to inhibit faculty development and scholarly productivity. Conclusion The implementation of organizational, administrative, and faculty activities and interventions can promote a culture of scholarship. Further research is needed to determine which interventions are most helpful in developing health science faculty scholarship.
Oxygen and silicon point defects in Al 0.65 Ga 0.35 N

The formation energies of oxygen and silicon impurities have been examined explicitly in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.35}\mathrm{N}$ using hybrid exchange-correlation density-functional theory simulations. Both impurities were initialized in on-site substitutional and off-site DX configurations in a range of charge states. The ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}^{+1}$ donor was found to always relax into an on-site configuration, and its formation energy is relatively independent of local chemistry (the configuration of Al and Ga atoms surrounding the defect). By contrast, the ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ acceptor almost always relaxes into a DX configuration, with a formation energy that is strongly dependent on local chemistry. The differences in formation energy of distinct ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ defect configurations are understood through the interplay of two qualitative trends in the types of nearest-neighbor bonds (O-Al or O-Ga), as well as the subtler influence of the lengths of the O-Al bonds. Knowledge of ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ formation energies as well as the relative frequencies of sites with different local chemistry allows one to compute the relative site occupancies of ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Because the thermodynamic transition levels associated with different defect configurations are unique, the ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ DX transition is associated with multiple defect levels. ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{III}}$, where III represents the group III cation of Al or Ga, provides an interesting counterexample. ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{III}}^{+1}$ is predicted to be the dominant charge state across the entire band gap of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.35}\mathrm{N}$, and little dependence of the formation energy on the composition of nearby cation sites was found. This is explained by the fact that the first-nearest neighbors are all of the same species (N), so the local environment is similar to a bulk III nitride, in which on-site ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{III}}^{+1}$ is stable across the same Fermi level range (i.e., below the band gap of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.35}\mathrm{N}$). Thus, the trends in the energetics of ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.35}\mathrm{N}$ are both determined by the chemistry of the four nearest-neighbor sites surrounding the defect site.
Interaction of maternal choline levels and prenatal Marijuana's effects on the offspring

BackgroundThis study investigated whether higher maternal choline levels mitigate effects of marijuana on fetal brain development. Choline transported into the amniotic fluid from the mother activates α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on fetal cerebro-cortical inhibitory neurons, whose development is impeded by cannabis blockade of their cannabinoid-1(CB1) receptors.MethodsMarijuana use was assessed during pregnancy from women who later brought their newborns for study. Mothers were informed about choline and other nutrients, but not specifically for marijuana use. Maternal serum choline was measured at 16 weeks gestation.ResultsMarijuana use for the first 10 weeks gestation or more by 15% of mothers decreased newborns' inhibition of evoked potentials to repeated sounds (d’ = 0.55, p < 0.05). This effect was ameliorated if women had higher gestational choline (rs = −0.50, p = 0.011). At 3 months of age, children whose mothers continued marijuana use through their 10th gestational week or more had poorer self-regulation (d’ = −0.79, p < 0.05). This effect was also ameliorated if mothers had higher gestational choline (rs = 0.54, p = 0.013). Maternal choline levels correlated with the children's improved duration of attention, cuddliness, and bonding with parents.ConclusionsPrenatal marijuana use adversely affects fetal brain development and subsequent behavioral self-regulation, a precursor to later, more serious problems in childhood. Stopping marijuana use before 10 weeks gestational age prevented these effects. Many mothers refuse to cease use because of familiarity with marijuana and belief in its safety. Higher maternal choline mitigates some of marijuana's adverse effects on the fetus.
The higher school of oncology: An educational program adopting the western oncology experience in Russia.

10512Background: Disparities in current global oncology care are a major concern for many societies. Two-year oncological training in Russia is deficient in evidence-based medicine (EBM) and effect...
Spatial Mapping of Complex Permittivity from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images

In this paper, a novel method to extract complex permittivity from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed. The principle of the proposed method is outlined, followed by electromagnetic simulations, which is then verified by measurements. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed method can accurately extract complex permittivity of a material-under-test (MUT), and generate high-resolution spatial map of this parameter. Measurement results also show that proposed method is capable of quantitatively resolving local inhomogeneity contrast. This makes the proposed approach a potential and good candidate for utilization in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications. The limitations of the proposed method are also discussed. Comparing to quantitative microwave and millimeter wave method based on inverse scattering techniques, this proposed method requires much less computational resources.
Sounds of seizures.

Abstract Purpose A phase I feasibility study to determine the accuracy of identifying seizures based on audio recordings. Methods We systematically generated 166 audio clips of 30 s duration from 83 patients admitted to an epilepsy monitoring unit between 1/2015 and 12/2016, with one clip during a seizure period and one clip during a non-seizure control period for each patient. Five epileptologists performed a blinded review of the audio clips and rated whether a seizure occurred or not, and indicated the confidence level (low or high) of their rating. The accuracy of individual and consensus ratings were calculated. Results The overall performance of the consensus rating between the five epileptologists showed a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.91 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.66. The performance improved when confidence was high (PPV of 0.96, NPV of 0.70). The agreement between the epileptologists was moderate with a kappa of 0.584. Hyperkinetic (PPV 0.92, NPV 0.86) and tonic-clonic (PPV and NPV 1.00) seizures were most accurately identified. Seizures with automatisms only and non-motor seizures could not be accurately identified. Specific seizure-related sounds associated with accurate identification included disordered breathing (PPV and NPV 1.00), rhythmic sounds (PPV 0.93, NPV 0.80), and ictal vocalizations (PPV 1.00, NPV 0.97). Conclusion This phase I feasibility study shows that epileptologists are able to accurately identify certain seizure types from audio recordings when the seizures produce sounds. This provides guidance for the development of audio-based seizure detection devices and demonstrate which seizure types could potentially be detected.
A purely 3-D geometrical solution to Mathematics Magazine Problem 2065

We proposed a purely 3-D geometrical solution to Mathematics Magazine Problem 2065. Let $\mathcal{Q}$ be a cube centered at the origin of $\mathbb{R}^3$. Choose a unit vector $(a,b,c)$ uniformly at random on the surface of the unit sphere $a^2+b^2+c^2=1$, and let $\Pi$ be the plane $ax+by+cz=0$ through the origin and normal to $(a,b,c)$. What is the probability that the intersection of $\Pi$ with $\mathcal{Q}$ is a hexagon?
Memorializing the Civil Rights Movement: African American Rhetorics and the International Civil Rights Center and Museum

Despite a tradition of theorizing rhetorical aspects that have only recently become popular in the field (for example, embodiment, materiality, spatiality, ecologies), African and African American ...
Thermal neutron scattering measurements and modeling of yttrium-hydrides for high temperature moderator applications

Abstract Thermal neutron scattering measurements of yttrium hydride from 5 to 1,200 K were conducted to determine the change in inelastic scattering as a function of temperature and to probe for anharmonic effects. Additionally, measurements on samples of YH x from x = 1.62 to 1.90 were done to determine the effects of varying hydrogen concentration on the inelastic spectra. Changes in temperature affected the inelastic spectra in unanticipated ways, indicating that there are anharmonic effects, whereas hydrogen concentration did not significantly affect the inelastic spectra. These measurements were compared against the ENDF/B-VIII.0 thermal scattering files of YH2, as well as new thermal scattering files created by using the stochastic temperature-dependent effective potential (s-TDEP). Both libraries were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, the s-TDEP method is better at predicting the experimentally observed softening of phonon modes in acoustic and optical regions.
Addressing regional relationships between white-tailed deer densities and land classes.

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations have recovered to about 30 million animals in the United States, but land cover has changed during the interval of recovery. To address the relationship between deer densities and current land cover at regional scales, I applied random forests and extreme gradient boosting classifiers to model low and high deer density classes, at two different thresholds (5.8 and 11.6 deer/km2), and land classes in three regions during approximately 2003. For low and high deer density classes divided at 5.8 deer/km2, deciduous broadleaf forest overall was the most influential and positive variable in the central east and central regions and crop and pasture were the most influential and negative variables in the southeast region. Deer density increased with area of deciduous and mixed forests, woody wetlands, and shrub in all regions. Deer density decreased with area of crop, developed open space, and developed low and medium residential density in all regions. For density classes divided at 11.6 deer/km2, deer density had the strongest relationship with woody wetlands in the central east region, mixed and deciduous forest in the southeast region, and woody wetlands and herbaceous vegetation in the central region. Deer density increased with deciduous and mixed forests, woody wetlands, and shrub in all regions. Conversely, deer density decreased with herbaceous vegetation, crop, and developed low residential densities in all regions. Therefore, at regional scales, deer overall occurred at greater densities in forests and woody wetlands and lower densities in agricultural and residential development, which did not appear to support more deer. Deer preference for forests does result in damage to forest products, but alternatively, some may consider that deer provide important socioeconomic and ecological services by reducing number of small trees, particularly in the absence of other disturbances that historically controlled tree biomass.
Influence of Borehole Imperfections on Pressuremeter

A pressuremeter is a device that applies a radical pressure to the walls of a borehole. Its use in determining the in-situ shear modulus has recently become the object of considerable research. In much of this research, a perfect borehole is assumed. Since the drilling of such a borehole may be prohibitively expensive or even impossible, knowledge of the responses of an imperfect borehole is of vital importance. Five common sources of error due to borehole imperfections are considered here: 1) Finite length of loading; 2) out-of-roundness; 3) variation in radius along the length of the hole; 4) wall-surface roughness; and 5) in homogeneity of materials near the borehole. These sources of error are not intended to be inclusive. There are other sources of error not related to borehole imperfection.