cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small-scale variability of the cross-shelf flow over the outer shelf of the Ross Sea

[1] The importance of cross-shelf transport across the Ross Sea on local and remote processes has been well documented. In the Ross Sea, mid-water intrusions of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) are modified by shelf water near the shelf break to form Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW). In 2010–2011, we deployed multi-platform technologies focused on this MCDW intrusion in the vicinity of Mawson and Pennell Banks to better understand its role in ecosystem processes across the shelf. The high-resolution time and space sampling provided by an underwater glider, a short-term mooring, and a ship-based survey highlight the scales over which these critical cross-shelf transport processes occur. MCDW cores were observed as small-scale well-defined features over the western slopes of Pennell and Mawson Banks. The mean transport along Pennell Bank was estimated to be about 0.24 Sv but was highly variable in time (hours to days). The observations suggest that the core of MCDW is transported by a predominately barotropic flow that follows topography around the banks toward the south until the slope of the bank flattens and the warmer water moves up and over the bank. This pathway is shown to link the source MCDW with an area of high productivity over the shallows of Pennell Bank.
Cells from a cavitronic ultrasonic aspirator (CUSA) astrocytoma specimen formed pseudopodia and exhibited neuroectodermal features.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5145 The study of malignant astrocytomas in primary cell cultures is limited by the small size of surgically resected specimens that must be saved for diagnostic purposes as a priority. However, abundant numbers of brain tumor cells are routinely removed with the Cavitronic Ultrasonic Aspiration (CUSA) technique and discarded as medical waste. Although these tumor cells are exposed to the trauma of ultrasonic aspiration, saline and blood, and elevated temperatures, their viability has been documented in many previous studies. In this study, CUSA cells from a malignant astrocytoma demonstrated unstained morphology and immunoperoxidase staining results that were comparable to cells cultured from surgically dissected tissue from the same tumor. Almost all cells in both types of specimens stained positive for nestin indicating that they were of neuroectodermal lineage. A few cells with morphology resembling neurons demonstrated intense nestin staining. Some cells stained intensely for beta-III tubulin. Although each nucleus had 3-5 bright spots of Oct 3/4 staining, no homogenous staining of entire nuclei that would be characteristic of undifferentiated stem cells was identified in either type of specimen. Our recently described method for obtaining pseudopodia from tumor cells (Beckner et al., Lab Invest 85:316-27, 2005) was applied to the same fresh CUSA specimen. The procedure yielded numerous rounded pseudopodia that extended through 3 μm diameter pores of gelatin-coated filters in response to hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) and fetal bovine serum as chemoattractants at six hours. The CUSA pseudopodia retained their morphology following filter removal with homogeneous Diff Quik staining seen except for condensation of cytoplasm at the sites of pores. No nuclear material was identified. In separate chambers, entire cells (nuclei and cytoplasm) from the fresh CUSA specimen migrated through 8 μm pores during the same time span. Filtered conditioned media from several astrocytoma cell lines maintained the CUSA cells in culture for several weeks with consistent morphology and without overgrowth by fibroblasts. This study indicates that CUSA specimens are a source of primary tumor cells for functional studies, such as investigations of HGF’s downstream signaling effects. Studies of HGF’s targets in the pseudopodia of responsive cultured cell lines can now be applied to pseudopodia formed by fresh primary human tumor cells. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Nick Eric Wichman Foundation, Ellicott City, MD.
SATURN (Situational awareness tool for urban responder networks)

SATURN is a prototype system for the intelligent incorporation of output from surveillance camera networks into an enhanced situational awareness display. It is a web-based, service oriented, open standards platform designed to be accessible to any user with a common browser. SATURN fuses information from an array of sensors including real-time feeds from video cameras. The sensor data is displayed within an intuitive map-based view and is coupled with video analytics algorithms, a chat capability, and collaborative tools for annotation. A principal component of the system is the ability to conduct attribute-based searches for people within live video feeds and for vehicles within archived camera footage. This realtime cueing to events involving people or vehicles of interest provides a potential reduction in manpower and shortened response timeline. SATURN is applicable to a broad set of law enforcement, security, and counterterrorism missions typically addressed by urban responders.
Natural language query filtration in the Conceptual Query Language

Natural language (NL) interfaces for database query formulation have always been recognized as a much needed enhancement for end-users. Poor performances with earlier NL systems had led to a lull in research in this field. However, latter-day experiments and systems appear to be sufficiently more promising to warrant continued and further research in this area. This paper proposes an experimental query interface that filters NL query statements for search predicates that are derived from constructs on conceptual schemas, thereby avoiding the computational difficulty with full-fledged NL parsing. A prototype of the Conceptual Query Language (CQL) exists as a front-end to an Oracle relational DBMS.
Saccadic response latency of children and adults to a target signaled by nontarget stimulus offset

Saccadic response latency to a target signaled by the offset of a nontarget light was studied in children (mean age = 8.6 years) and adults. The independent variables investigated included the warning interval between the fixation light’s offset and the offset of a nontarget light (0,100, 300, 600, and 1,000 msec), nontarget eccentricity (5 and 15 deg), and target eccentricity (5 and 15 deg). Children and adults showed shorter saccade latencies under warning interval conditions, but children had longer response latencies than adults. Nontarget light eccentricity affected response latency, but this effect did not interact with age.
The aqueous geochemistry of REE.

Abstract The solubility of ytterbium oxalate (Yb 2 Ox 3 · x H 2 O) in aqueous solution was measured as a function of temperature (40°C, 60°C and 80°C), ionic strength (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 m NaCl), and free oxalate concentration (10 −7 to 10 −2 molal). At high oxalate and/or NaCl concentration, the simple Yb–oxalate salt transforms into a double salt with the stoichiometry NaYb(Ox) 2 · y H 2 O. Our solubility data were used to obtain smoothed equilibrium constants ( I =0, P=SVP) for the solubility products of both solid phases, and for the stepwise and cumulative association complexes of the aqueous Yb(III)–oxalate complexes, between 25°C and 100°C. Whereas the solubility of the simple Yb–oxalate salt changes little in this temperature range, the Na–Yb oxalate salt becomes less stable and significantly more soluble with an increase in temperature. The ytterbium oxalate complexes are strong, and may predominate over inorganic Yb(III) complexes (e.g., carbonate, chloride, sulfate, and phosphate) at geologically realistic ligand concentrations. Our results are relevant to researchers interested in the transport of ytterbium and other rare earth elements (REE) in near-surface waters and sedimentary basin fluids, and may also have engineering applications with regards to the precipitation of oxalate salts as a means of removing actinides and radioactive REE from aqueous nuclear wastes.
Gesture-Speech Mismatch and Mechanisms of Learning: What the Hands Reveal about a Child's State of Mind.

Previous work has shown that, when asked to explain a concept they are acquiring, children often convey one procedure in speech and a different procedure in gesture. Such children, whom we label "discordant," have been shown to be in a transitional state in the sense that they are particularly receptive to instruction--indeed more receptive to instruction than "concordant" children, who convey the same procedure in speech and gesture. This study asks whether the discordant state is transitional, not only in the sense that it predicts receptivity to instruction, but also in the sense that it is both preceded and followed by a concordant state. To address this question, children were asked to solve and explain a series of problems instantiating the concept of mathematical equivalence. The relationship between gesture and speech in each explanation was monitored over the series. We found that the majority of children who learned to correctly solve equivalence problems did so by adhering to the hypothesized path: They first produced a single, incorrect procedure. They then entered a discordant state in which they produced different procedures--one in speech and another in gesture. Finally, they again produced a single procedure, but this time a correct one. These data support the notion that the transitional state is characterized by the concurrent activation of more than one procedure, and provide further evidence that gesture can be a powerful source of insight into the processes involved in cognitive development.
Sub-40nm high-volume manufacturing overlay uncorrectable error evaluation

Circuit layout and design rules have continued to shrink to the point where a few nanometers of pattern misalignment can negatively impact process capability and device yields. As wafer processes and film stacks have become more complex, overlay and alignment performance in high-volume manufacturing (HVM) have become increasingly sensitive to process and tool variations experienced by incoming wafers. Current HVM relies on overlay control via advanced process control (APC) feedback, single-exposure tool grid stability, scanner-to-scanner matching, correction models, sampling strategies, overlay mark design, and metrology. However, even with improvements to those methods, a large fraction of the uncorrectable errors (i.e., residuals) still remains. While lower residuals typically lead to increased yield performance, it is difficult to achieve in HVM due to the large combinations of wafer history in terms of prior tools, recipes, and ongoing process conversions. Hence, it is critical to understand the effect of residual errors on measurement sampling and model parameters to enable process control. In this study, we investigate the following: residual errors of sub-40nm processes as a function of correction models, sensitivity of the model parameters to residue, and the impact of data quality.
Risk and benefit of treatment of severe chronic neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

The Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR) was established in 1994 following four phase I/II and one phase III clinical trial on the use of filgrastim (recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [r-metHuG-CSF]) as a treatment for severe chronic neutropenia (SCN). A primary purpose of the SCNIR is to monitor SCN patients treated with filgrastim for adverse events that might occur over time. As of December 31, 2000, 832 patients with SCN (384 congenital, 160 cyclic, 288 idiopathic) were enrolled. Clinical trial and Registry data show that filgrastim is an effective treatment for SCN; more than 90% of patients treated respond with normalization of blood neutrophil counts. The SCNIR has collected data on bone pain, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, osteopenia/osteoporosis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, growth and development, pregnancy and fertility, leukemic transformation, and mortality. Analysis of data from patients who received filgrastim for up to 11 years did not identify any adverse events associated with increased duration of treatment.
Displaying brain atlases using a portable Java application: the antomist

Brain atlases are intended to provide a framework for the integration of structural, functional and clinical information. Template-based atlases (2-D and 3-D) consist of representative outlines obtained from the delineation of structural borders in anatomical images. The templates can be overlaid by other data such as statistical maps of activation or results from quantitative neuroanatomical studies. Much more information can be conveyed by simultaneously displaying correlated data sets than by cross-referencing individual images. We developed an application, the Anatomist, which was used to interactively display complex brain atlas images and provide access to correlated information that described the images. The Anatomist was implemented in Java using a portable imaging framework (the jViewbox) that provided the decoders for common medical image file formats and the image display and manipulation tools needed to implement an intuitive and interactive graphical user interface for manipulating brain atlas data. We also implemented functions to composite multiple structural and functional data sets and to present the data in axial, coronal and sagittal orientations. Each data set was either viewed individually or the transparency of each layer was adjusted so as to view multiple data sets simultaneously. The Anatomist is a user-friendly tool that facilitates the presentation of complex 3-D brain image atlases.
Defect characterization by admittance spectroscopy techniques based on temperature-rate duality

The behavior of charge trapping and detrapping by deep levels depends on both temperature and the rate at which the measurement (e.g., admittance spectroscopy) is conducted. We report recent advances in admittance spectroscopy based on the temperature-rate duality: the temperature derivative technique, and the 2D Arrhenius plot method. The first technique—temperature derivative admittance spectroscopy—can be used to directly determine the defect density of states just as the existing frequency derivative method, but it possesses certain key advantages. Within practical experimental limits, it allows a wider observation window of defect energies, avoiding possible detection failure, and facilitating simultaneous observation of multiple defects. For defect energies of most interest, it also yields more Arrhenius plot data points and therefore enables more accurate parameter extraction. In practice, the temperature derivative method can avoid system noise at low frequency and is more immune to baseline effects due to parasitic circuit effects. The second technique—the 2D Arrhenius plot method—can accurately and unambiguously solve the activation energy E a , the pre-exponential factor ν 0 , and their temperature dependence, especially if the trapping/detrapping process is non-Arrhenius. The 2D Arrhenius plot method measures E a and ν 0 at any temperature from matching the first and second moments of the data calculated with respect to temperature and rate in the 2D temperature-rate plane. Defects in GaAsN and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells are used as case studies for the above techniques. The latter exhibits a temperature-dependent behavior of E a and ν 0 obeying the Meyer-Neldel's rule.
A mass spectrometric study of positive ions produced in an experimental diode

Abstract A simple diode ion source has been developed for direct observation in a mass spectrometer of the positive ions created in an operating diode. The ionic species accelerated toward the cathode were identified. The shape of the peak displayed in the spectrum is related to the region of the diode in which the ions were formed. Variation of experimental parameters, including the composition of the background gases, indicated that the characteristic shapes of the peaks can be related to space charge in the diode. This is complicated by the tendency of some of the species to fragment and further work is indicated before a complete understanding of the relations is obtained. Alkali and halogen ions were observed when an emission current was drawn. These species are assumed to be present as anode impurities. Heavy bombardment of the cathode by alkali ions is associated with an apparent increase in cathode activity. Heating an oxide cathode to temperatures as high as, or higher than, previous processing temperatures led to a further release of CO2 from the cathode. This additional release was not observed with the conventional mass spectrometer ion source thereby indicating that important observations concerning the state of the cathode may be missed when the ions which are analyzed are not created within the operating diode.
Cloning and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a cDNA for swine PIT-1, a gene controlling growth hormone expression.

Summary A partial swine cDNA which encodes the functional domain of PIT-1 was isolated by the polymerse chain reaction (PCR). The swine PIT-1 cDNA clone is 95% identical at the protein level to the rat Pit-1 gene. Thus, Pit-l's known function in control of rat growth hormone and prolactin expression is likely to be conserved in swine. This swine cDNA clone was used to investigate genetic variability at PIT-1 in several American and Chinese breeds. Polymorphic BamIII fragments were found in pure-bred Meishan animals (n= 13), but only monomorphic fragments in five American breeds (n= 36).
Advances in comprehensive gyrokinetic simulations of transport in tokamaks

A continuum global gyrokinetic code GYRO has been developed to comprehensively simulate core turbulent transport in actual experimental profiles and enable direct quantitative comparisons to the experimental transport flows. GYRO treats not only the now standard ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode turbulence but also trapped and passing electrons with collisions and finite β, equilibrium E × B shear stabilization and all in real tokamak geometry. Most importantly, the code operates at finite relative gyroradius (ρ*) so as to treat the profile shear stabilization and nonlocal effects which can break gyroBohm scaling. The code operates in either a cyclic flux-tube limit (which allows only gyroBohm scaling) or globally with a physical profile variation. Bohm scaling of DIII-D L-mode has been simulated with power flows matching experiment within error bars on the ITG. Mechanisms for broken gyroBohm scaling, neoclassical ion flows embedded in turbulence, turbulent dynamos and profile corrugations, plasma pinches and impurity flow and simulations at fixed flow rather than fixed gradient are illustrated and discussed.
Quantitative trait loci involved in regulating seed oil composition in Arabidopsis thaliana and their evolutionary implications

Fatty acid composition is an important determinant of seed oil quality. Overall, 72 QTL for 12 fatty acid traits that control seed oil composition were identified in four recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (Ler-0 × Sha, Ler-0 × Col-4, Ler-2 × Cvi, Ler-0 × No-0) of Arabidopsis thaliana. The identified QTL explained 3.2–79.8% of the phenotypic variance; 33 of the 59 QTL identified in the Ler-0 × Sha and the Ler-0 × Col RIL populations co-located with several a priori candidate genes for seed oil composition. QTL for fatty acids 18:1, 18:2, 22:1, and fatty acids synthesized in plastids was identified in both Ler-0 × Sha and Ler-0 × Col-4 RIL populations, and QTL for 16:0 was identified in the Ler-0 × Sha and Ler-0 × No-0 RIL populations providing strong support for the importance of these QTL in determining seed oil composition. We identified melting point QTL in three RIL populations, and fatty acid QTL collocated with two of them, suggesting that the loci could be under selection for altering the melting point of seed oils to enhance adaptation and could be useful for breeding purposes. Nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions and epistasis were rare. Analysis of the genetic correlations between these loci and other fatty acids indicated that these correlations would tend to strongly enhance selection for desirable fatty acids.
Recombinant influenza H7 hemagglutinins induce lower neutralizing antibody titers in mice than do seasonal hemagglutinins.

Background Vaccines against avian influenza viruses often require high hemagglutinin (HA) doses or adjuvants to achieve serological titers associated with protection against disease. In particular, viruses of the H7 subtype frequently do not induce strong antibody responses following immunization. Objectives To evaluate whether poor immunogenicity of H7 viruses is an intrinsic property of the H7 hemagglutinin. Methods We compared the immunogenicity, in naive mice, of purified recombinant HA from two H7 viruses [A/Netherlands/219/2003(H7N7) and A/New York/107/2003(H7N2)] to that of HA from human pandemic [A/California/07/2009(H1N1pdm09)] and seasonal [A/Perth16/2009(H3N2)] viruses. Results After two intramuscular injections with purified hemagglutinin, mice produced antibodies to all HAs, but the response to the human virus HAs was greater than to H7 HAs. The difference was relatively minor when measured by ELISA, greater when measured by hemagglutination inhibition assays, and more marked still by microneutralization assays. H7 HAs induced little or no neutralizing antibody response in mice at either dose tested. Antibodies induced by H7 were of significantly lower avidity than for H3 or H1N1pdm09. Conclusions We conclude that H7 HAs may be intrinsically less immunogenic than HA from seasonal human influenza viruses.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging in isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency

Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the newborn that can be mistaken for neonatal asphyxia. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain demonstrates widespread diffusion restriction, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy shows an elevated lactate level, a decrease in the ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine, and a rise in the ratio of choline to creatine. This precedes severe cystic encephalomalacia and suggests that the energy failure associated with neuronal dysfunction and myelin disintegration occurs early in isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency.
Spore germination of Gigaspora margarita stimulated by volatiles of soil-isolated actinomycetes

Abstract Nineteen field isolates of actinomycetes and Streptomyces orientalis were evaluated for their production of volatile compounds that stimulate spore germination of Gigaspora margarita , an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Some actinomycetes enhanced spore germination, whereas others did not. When placed in a common headspace with actinomycetes, but physically separated in a divided Petri dish, spores showed germination rates up to 73%. In control treatments lacking actinomycetes, spores showed 23% germination by the final day of observation, day 11. Actinomycetes having straight spore-bearing hyphae stimulated germination more than did actinomycetes having spiral spore-bearing hyphae ( P ⩽ 0.01 on day 11). Other traits of the actinomycetes that related ( P ⩽ 0.05) to increased spore germination included late sporulation and possession of dark vegetative hyphae but lacking melanin or other water-soluble pigments. Amounts of the volatile 2-methylisoborneol produced by actinomycetes were well-correlated with spore germination.
Molecular basis for the insulinomimetic effects of C-peptide

Aims/hypothesis: C-peptide, released by the beta-cells of pancreatic islets, elicits salutary responses in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus but the molecular mechanisms behind these effects are not known. We assessed whether synthetic rat C-peptide stimulates insulin-like cellular effects in a classic insulin target tissue.
Differentiation of BHV-1 isolates from vaccine virus by high-resolution melting analysis

An efficacious bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) vaccine has been used for many years. However, in the past few years, abortion and respiratory diseases have occurred after administration of the modified live vaccine. To investigate whether BHV-1 isolates from disease outbreaks are identical to those of the vaccines used, selected regions of the BHV-1 genome were investigated by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and PCR-DNA sequencing. When a target region within the thymidine kinase (TK) gene was examined by HRM analysis, 6 out of the 11 isolates from abortion cases and 22 out of the 25 isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) cases had different melting curves compared to the vaccine virus. Surprisingly, when a conserved region within the US6 gene that encodes glycoprotein D (gD) was examined by HRM analysis, 5 out of the 11 abortion isolates and 18 out of the 23 BRD isolates had different melting curves from the vaccine virus. To determine whether SNPs within the coding regions of glycoprotein E (gE) and TK genes can be used to differentiate the isolates from the vaccine virus, PCR-DNA sequencing was used to examine these SNPs in all the isolates. This revealed that only 1 out of 11 of the abortion isolates and 4 out of 24 of the BRD isolates are different in the target region of gE from the vaccine virus, while 5 out of 11 abortion isolates and 4 out of 22 BRD isolates are different in the target region of TK from the vaccine virus. No DNA sequence differences were observed in glycoprotein G (gG) region between disease and vaccine isolates. Our study demonstrated that many disease isolates had genetic differences from the vaccine virus in regions examined by HRM and PCR-DNA sequencing analysis. In addition, many isolates contained more than one type of mutation and were composed of mixed variants. Our study suggests that a mixture of variants were present in isolates collected post-vaccination. HRM is a rapid diagnostic method that can be used for rapid differentiation of clinical isolates from vaccine strains.
Use of the esophageal pill electrode for pacing inhibition of bipolar VVI pacemakers.

Abstract Inhibition of pacing is often needed to analyze the underlying cardiac rhythm and to interpret the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) under various conditions, including acute myocardial ischemia or suspected infarction. Permanent bipolar demand pacemakers are generally more difficult to inhibit than unipolar demand pacemakers using the chest wall stimulation technique. 1 Chest wall twitching and pain may occur at higher stimulation currents and pulse widths. Recently, an easy to swallow pill electrode has become available to record atrial activities to assist in the diagnosis of complex cardiac arrhythmias, in which P waves are not discernible on the surface ECG. 2–4 The pill electrode has been further used for transesophageal atrial pacing with a high current output (≥25 mA). 5 We explored the possibility of using the esophageal pill electrode to deliver stimuli at a lower current (≤20 mA) and pulse width (≤10 ms) to inhibit permanent bipolar VVI pacemakers.
Development of a Semester-Long, Inquiry-Based Laboratory Course in Upper-Level Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

A semester-long laboratory course was designed and implemented to familiarize students with modern biochemistry and molecular biology techniques. The designed format involved active student participation, evaluation of data, and critical thinking, and guided students to become independent researchers. The first part of the course focused on introducing students to common biochemical techniques through a series of open-ended experiments, and the latter part culminated in an original research project. Students defined a problem from a list of suggested projects or one suggested by students, if appropriate. The course was designed to incorporate elements of hypothesis development, project design, teamwork, and communication skills. Each group of students performed experiments under different sets of conditions and all student groups shared results at the end of the lab exercise. A novel aspect of the course was the post-lab presentation and discussion session (PDS) later in the week. During PDS, students pre...
The casparian strip as a barrier to the movement of lanthanum in corn roots

The effectiveness of the Casparian strip as a barrier to apoplastic movement of solutes from cortex to stele of corn roots was investigated by using lanthanum in combination with electron microscopy. Lanthanum deposits were found only in cell walls and on the outside of the plasma membrane of epidermal, cortical, and endodermal cells up to the Casparian strip. Lanthanum was completely absent from the stele, indicating that the Casparian strip provides an effective barrier to apoplastic movement of solutes. Inhibitory effects of trivalent lanthanum ions on the absorption of potassium ions are discussed in relation to the nature of the lanthanum ion binding site on membranes.
Central idempotent measures on a nilmanifold

Abstract A characterization of the central idempotent measures on a nilmanifold which generalizes the results of Rudin and Cohen for locally compact Abelian groups is proved. The result is closely analogous to results of Rider, Ragozin, and Greenleaf, Moskositz, and Rothschild for non-Abelian groups.
Ultrastructural effects of acute tetraethyllead poisoning on nerve cells of the rabbit brain.

Abstract The ultrastructural effects on nerve cell components of selected brain areas (frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus) were studied after exposure of rabbits to tetraethyllead (TEL). A single dose of 100 mg/kg of TEL leads, after a latency period of 12 to 18 hours, to neurological disorders such as convulsions, and produces significant lesions of components of pyramidal cells and astroglial cells. These develop before the onset of major neurological signs of toxic manifestation. In general two types of degenerative cell changes are identified: cellular pyknosis and cellular hydrops, each specific to certain cell layers of selected brain areas. The subcellular manifestation of nerve cells undergoing hydropic degeneration exhibit a distinct pattern. The following sequence of appearance of structural alterations was determined: (1) folding of the nuclear membrane, (2) swelling and severe lesions of mitochondria, (3) hypertrophy of Golgi complexes and (4) patchy chromatolysis of the ergastoplasm. Progressive hypertrophy of Golgi saccules and vacuolization of ergastoplasm areas lead to a vacuolar hydropic degeneration of affected nerve cells. The cytopathogenesis is discussed in regard to recent findings concerning the subcellular mechanism of tetraethyllead intoxication.
Force synergies for multifingered grasping: effect of predictability in object center of mass and handedness

To grasp with five digits of the hand requires an efficient parceling of contact forces in order to maintain static equilibrium as an object is lifted and held. In a previous study, subjects were asked to reach, grasp and lift a five-digit grip apparatus whose center of mass (CM) location was changed for each block of trials. Despite a modulation of force sharing patterns among the digits as a function of center of mass location, consistent in-phase and out-of-phase relationships between normal forces were found in the frequency domain. In the present study, we have used the same task to assess the effect of (a) predictability of an object’s CM location (random vs blocked presentation) and (b) handedness (dominant vs non-dominant hand). Contrary to our original expectations, we found a similar modulation of normal forces to CM location during the hold phase across all conditions. Specifically, the force sharing pattern, i.e., the rank order of force contributed by each digit, emerged very early in the grasp sequence, remaining relatively stable throughout the duration of the lift and hold. Nevertheless, the extent to which force sharing patterns could be discriminated as a function of CM location was lower in the random than in the blocked conditions. Lastly, normal forces exerted by pairs of digits tended to be synchronized, both in-phase (thumb and fingers) and out-of-phase (pairs of digits) across a large proportion of the functional frequency range (up to 10 Hz) in all conditions. The composite of these findings suggests that the central nervous system uses stereotyped control strategies for coordinating multiple grip forces during grasping. Specific aspects of these schemes appear to be affected by predictability of object CM location, but not by hand dominance.
Reticence: Pathology of the normal speaker

(1968). Reticence: Pathology of the normal speaker. Speech Monographs: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 39-49.
The unveiling of Ellis bell: Gender and the reception of wuthering heights

(1995). The unveiling of Ellis bell: Gender and the reception of wuthering heights. Women's Studies: Vol. 24, Studies in Nineteenth-Century British Art and Literature, pp. 341-367.
Historical consciousness and a 'prise de conscience' in genocidal Rwanda

This paper utilizes Professor Terence Ranger's approach to the study of consciousness to explore an instance of resistance to genocide in Rwanda in 1994, in which a communal mayor and his staff experienced a 'prise de conscience,' an awakening about the genocidal conspiracy that was occurring, and acted decisively to neutralize the forces that elsewhere led to the decimation of most 'Tutsi' and opponents of the ruling regime. Professor Ranger's long-standing interest in peasant consciousness and resistance to colonialism in Southern Africa has provided a method for the exploration of other topics. Ranger has studied the emergence of identity in performance groups in late colonial urban settings and mining communities, the common consciousness of the afflicted, the cultural and ideological foundations of the guerrilla war in Rhodesia, and the role of cults, shrines, and Christianity in the shaping of African political consciousness. Ranger's approach offers useful guidelines for the the study of consciousn...
Organic geochemistry of sediments from the continental margin off southern New England, U.S.A.--Part I. Amino acids, carbohydrates and lignin

Total organic carbon (TOC), lignin, amino acids, sugars and amino sugars were measured in recent sediments for the continental margin off southern New England. The various organic carbon fractions decreased in concentration with increasing distance from shore. The fraction of the TOC that was accounted for by these major components also decreased with increasing distance from shore. The concentration of lignin indicated that only about 3-5% of the organic carbon in the nearshore sediment was of terrestrial origin. The various fractions were highly correlated, which was consistent with a simple linear mixing model of shelf organic matter with material form the slope and rise and indicated a significant transport of sediment from the continental shelf to the continental slope and rise.
Evaluating the impact of an urban comprehensive school reform: An illustration of the need for mixed methods

Abstract An abundance of comprehensive school reform (CSR) literature exists illustrating CSRs are effective in improving student outcomes. However, much of this research reports on top-down reforms, focuses on academic outcomes, and uses quantitative methods alone. Many educational researchers have argued for the use of mixed methods for providing a holistic understanding of a CSR's impact on student outcomes. While mixed methods evaluations are frequently implemented, additional examples exemplifying “how” and “why” they should be used are needed. This study reports on the impact of an eight-year bottom-up CSR initiative on academic and non-academic student outcomes in an urban junior high school, and illustrates how the use of mixed methods was essential in providing a holistic evaluation of the program's impact.
Age-dependent leukemia produced in thymectomized AKR mice by antiserum to leukemic cells.

Abstract Thymectomized AKR mice, which have a low incidence of leukemia, show a high incidence when treated with rabbit antiserum against leukemic cells. The leukemia-promoting effect of normal rabbit serum and antiserum against non-leukemic cells is less than that of anti-leukemic cell serum. No clear leukemia-producing effect of antiserum was observed in mice over 500 days old. Antisera given to non-thymectomized mice, which have a high incidence of leukemia over a characteristic age-range, did not affect age of leukemia development. Anti-serum against leukemic cells reacted with purified Gross leukemia virus. It is suggested that leukemic transformation represents a response to immunological attack on the virus or against viral-associated cellular antigens, and that an additional age-dependent factor is required for leukemogenesis.
REPORTING EFFECT SIZES: THE ROLES OF EDITORS, TEXTBOOK AUTHORS, AND PUBLICATION MANUALS

In writing this article, I wear four relevant hats. I have served as a journal editor; I am the author of two undergraduate textbooks (Hyde, 1991; Hyde & DeLamater, 2000); I am chair of the Publications and Communications Board of the American Psychological Association, which supervises the revision of the Publication Manual; and I am a meta-analyst (e.g., Hyde, Fennema, & Lamon, 1990; Jaffee & Hyde, 2000; Kling, Hyde, Showers, & Buswell, 1999). I should begin by stating my personal position on the surprisingly controversial issue of effect size reporting. I believe that researchers should report the results of appropriate significance tests, such as F, and should report the effect sizes associated with each significance test (Wilkinson & APA Task Force on Statistical Inference, 1999). Each of these numbers carries somewhat different information, and readers have a right to all that information. Readers have a right to know, for example, how large an effect is, and researchers need to know the size of the effect if they are planning a follow-up study to decide on an appropriate sample size. I believe that such reporting is a minimum scientific standard. From this perspective, then, a discussion of who should lead the movement is not entirely sensible. It is simply a question of “doing the right thing,” and all constituencies should collaborate in maintaining a minimum scientific standard. From this perspective, too, the leading should come from graduate departments of psychology and other disciplines as they train the next generation of scientists in data-analytic techniques.
Quark effects in nuclear longitudinal response functions.

We calculate the longitudinal response function for (e,e') reactions on /sup 40/Ca and /sup 56/Fe at Vertical BarqVertical Bar = 550 MeV/c and show that a large discrepancy between theory and experiment found in the impulse approximation can be resolved by using the medium-modified nucleon electromagnetic form factors we have calculated in an earlier work.
Reservoir Simulation With History-Dependent Saturation Functions

A history-dependent model for saturation functions, combined with a three-dimensional, three-phase, semi-implicit reservoir simulator, has been developed. In water-coning simulations with variable rates, for waterflooding in the presence of free gas saturations, and for gas-cap shrinkage, use of hysteresis in saturation functions shows results significantly different from those obtained by conventional methods. To some extent, the model is based upon remembering the saturation history of the reservoir. In doing this, smooth transitions of both relative permeabilities and capillary pressures from drainage-to-imbibition or imbibition-to-drainage states are allowed. In addition, the effect of trapped gas or oil saturations on relative permeabilities and capillary pressures is accounted for. Tests of the model indicate that simulation with hysteresis is a stable procedure requiring little more computation time and storage than normal simulations. In addition, results of these tests agree qualitatively with experimental and field results.
Information management services provided by the joint battlespace infosphere (JBI) mercury initiative

The revolution of network centric operations will be achieved incrementally. Information Management is centric to this seamless transition of warfighter capabilities across enclaves, services, and platforms. Air Force Research Lab has teamed with industry, defense, and academic leaders to research and develop technologies to solve the information management needs of the DoD. Joint Battlespace Infosphere Mercury is an AFRL initiative to develop information management software using the best of breed commercial technologies. This session describes (1) the capabilities and goals of JBI Mercury, (2) design highlights and lessons learned, and (3) how to obtain a license-cost free copy of JBI Mercury and collaborate with the JBI community. JBI Mercury provides information management services for publish, subscribe, and query for XML/Binary information across a local or wide area network using Java, C#, and web services bindings. Multiple, dynamic messaging connectors and discovery technologies are mediated by a www.openwings.org compliant framework. The JBI Mercury services are dynamically connectable (dynamic plug-and-play connectors), dynamically configurable to meet mission requirements (context policies), and dynamically replaceable (technology change). Flexibility and reliability are provided by the ability to achieve ad-hoc integration of new users and new service components as they enter or leave the network.
A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and active and inert biomass.

Abstract We present a critical review of the relationships among three microbial products: extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), soluble microbial products (SMP), and inert biomass. Up to now, two different “schools” of researchers have treated these products separately. The “EPS school” has considered active biomass and EPS, while the “SMP school” has considered active biomass, SMP, and inert biomass. Here, we provide a critical review of each of the microbial products. Then, we develop a unified theory that couples them and reconciles apparent contradictions. In our unified theory, cells use electrons from the electron-donor substrate to build active biomass, and they also produce bound EPS and utilization-associated products (UAP) at the same time and in proportion to substrate utilization. Bound EPS are hydrolyzed to biomass-associated products (BAP), while active biomass undergoes endogenous decay to form residual dead cells. Finally, UAP and BAP, being biodegradable, are utilized by active biomass as recycled electron-donors substrates. Our unified theory shows that the apparently distinct products from the SMP and EPS schools overlap each other. Soluble EPS is actually SMP, or the sum of UAP and BAP. Furthermore, active biomass, as defined by the SMP school, includes bound EPS, while inert biomass includes bound EPS and the residual dead cells.
Present status in the field of internal gas counting

Abstract The gas-counting equipment at the National Bureau of Standards has been recently modified and reconstructed. The preparation of various radioactivity gaseous standards will be described. In some cases purity is assured by a prior separation in the isotope separator.
Substrate specificity of deubiquitinating enzymes: ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases.

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCH) are deubiquitinating enzymes which hydrolyze C-terminal esters and amides of ubiquitin. Here we report the processing of a number of ubiquitin derivatives by two human UCH isozymes (isozymes L1 and L3) and find that these enzymes show little discrimination based on the P1‘ amino acid, except that proline is cleaved slowly. Ubiquitinyllysine derivatives linked by the α- or e-amino group are hydrolyzed at identical rates. Isozyme-specific hydrolytic preferences are only evident when the leaving group is large. The ubiquitin gene products can be cotranslationally processed by one or both of these UCH isozymes, and purified UbCEP52 can be hydrolyzed by UCH isozyme L3. Binding of nucleic acid by UbCEP52 converts it to a form resistant to processing by these enzymes, apparently because of the formation of a larger, more tightly folded substrate. Consistent with this postulate is the observation that these enzymes do not hydrolyze large ubiquitin derivatives such as Ne-ubiqu...
Biochemical studies of the effects of 1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (IQ-1) in escherichia coli B

Abstract 1-Formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (IQ-1) was inhibitory to the growth of Escherichia coli B. Growth inhibition was readily reversed either by washing or by the addition of ferrous or ferric ions. The biosynthesis of RNA was the most sensitive to IQ-1 of the metabolic processes measured; DNA synthesis was also inhibited, but was less susceptible, and the formation of protein and cell respiration were unaffected by growth-inhibitory concentrations of IQ-1. The incorporation of 14C-uracil into RNA and DNA was depressed to a greater degree than was the utilization of 14C-adenine for the formation of these macromolecules, suggesting the presence of two sites of action for IQ-1 in this organism, one site resulting in general blockade of RNA synthesis, and the other interferring specifically with the metabolic utilization of uracil. Results of structure-activity relationships suggest that blockade of the biosynthesis of RNA by IQ-1 is at least in part related to the growth-inhibitory potency of this agent. The findings indicate that the mechanism of action of IQ-1 in E. coli B is different from that occurring in neoplastic cells, which primarily involves inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Colon cancer treatment in rural North and South Carolina

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which colon cancer treatment in rural North and South Carolina in 1991 and 1996 conformed to national treatment recommendations. Data came from medical records of colon cancer patients residing in rural North and South Carolina. The National Cancer Institute's Physician Data Query (PDQ) database was used to define state-of-the-art care and to categorize receipt of primary and/or adjuvant treatment. Changes in treatment over time, location, and stage and bivariate relationships between treatment and selected covariates were assessed with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Regression was used to control for possible interactions between patient and/or disease characteristics and treatment. The majority of colon cancer cases received primary therapy as suggested by the PDQ which was not significantly related to other factors examined. There was variation in provision of adjuvant therapy. Stage III patients received adjuvant therapy significantly more often than did stage II patients (p </= 0.01). Receipt of appropriate adjuvant therapy among stage III patients was significantly associated with younger patient age and white race (p </= 0.05). Rural colon cancer patients are likely to receive primary therapy as recommended by the PDQ, but may be less likely to receive suggested adjuvant therapy. Further understanding of variations in the rate of adjuvant therapy for colon cancer is needed to ensure appropriate treatment regimens are obtained for rural colon cancer patients.