cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Hemorrhages in the Health-Care Sector

Confidential data hemorrhaging from health-care providers pose financial risks to firms and medical risks to patients. We examine the consequences of data hemorrhages including privacy violations, medical fraud, financial identity theft, and medical identity theft. We also examine the types and sources of data hemorrhages, focusing on inadvertent disclosures. Through an analysis of leaked files, we examine data hemorrhages stemming from inadvertent disclosures on internet-based file sharing networks. We characterize the security risk for a group of health-care organizations using a direct analysis of leaked files. These files contained highly sensitive medical and personal information that could be maliciously exploited by criminals seeking to commit medical and financial identity theft. We also present evidence of the threat by examining user-issued searches. Our analysis demonstrates both the substantial threat and vulnerability for the health-care sector and the unique complexity exhibited by the US health-care system.
The Archival Documentation Strategy and Its Implications for the Appraisal of Architectural Records

Documentation strategy is an analytical approach to archival appraisal that looks not at individual records, but at the overall universe in which such records exist. It recognizes the inherent problem of volume with modern records, and provides a way for records creators, custodians, and users to work together to create a plan for which documentation will be preserved. Since it was first introduced in 1984, documentation strategy has met with mixed reactions from the archival profession, and has received its most theoretical examination from the Canadian archival community. With a role in the worlds of both archival theory and archival practice, documentation strategy can be applied to the appraisal of architectural records with the development of broad goals for documenting architecture through the coordination of records creators, custodians, and users, and through the creation of institutional archives.
Cut the noise: Mutually reinforcing reordering and alignments for improved machine translation

Preordering of a source language sentence to match target word order has proved to be useful for improving machine translation systems. Previous work has shown that a reordering model can be learned from high quality manual word alignments to improve machine translation performance. In this paper, we focus on further improving the performance of the reordering model (and thereby machine translation) by using a larger corpus of sentence aligned data for which manual word alignments are not available but automatic machine generated alignments are available. The main challenge we tackle is to generate quality data for training the reordering model in spite of the machine alignments being noisy. To mitigate the effect of noisy machine alignments, we propose a novel approach that improves reorderings produced given noisy alignments and also improves word alignments using information from the reordering model. This approach generates alignments that are 2.6 f-Measure points better than a baseline supervised aligner. The data generated allows us to train a reordering model that gives an improvement of 1.8 BLEU points on the NIST MT-08 Urdu-English evaluation set over a reordering model that only uses manual word alignments, and a gain of 5.2 BLEU points over a standard phrase-based baseline.
BORE INCEPTION AND PROPAGATION BY THE NONLINEAR WAVE THEORY

The integration of the equations of the nonlinear shallow-water theory by a finite difference scheme based on the method of characteristics is programmed for digital computers. In the program, the equations of the bore propagation are coupled to the equations of the nonlinear theory, and thus a procedure for predicting the motion of the entire wave, including the bore, is established. Waves of irregular shape and experimental data are treated by an iterative method. Laboratory experiments on the inception and propagation of bores also are presented.
Study on Cu/Ni Nano Superlattice Conductors for Reduced RF Loss

We report on Cu/Ni paired superlattice conductors featuring reduced radio frequency (RF) loss based on eddy current cancelling (ECC). Also, the effects of the width and the individual layer thickness of the superlattice conductors have been studied for improved RF performance. The usage of Ni as the ferromagnetic material in the non-ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic superlattice structure is advantageous as it has a high contrast between the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic coercivity fields making it suitable for effective thin film superlattice ECC, is abundant, and does not require a stoichiometric control of composition as other alloy magnetic materials do. Ni's negative permeability is also able to effectively cancel out the positive permeability of copper in the frequency of interest. A transmission line consisting of 10 superlattice Cu/Ni layers, with each layer being of 150 nm/25 nm totaling 1.75 $\mu\text{m}$ shows the same resistance value as one consisting of 10 Cu/Ni layers with each being 600 nm/100 nm totaling 7 $\mu\text{m}$ thick at 13 GHz, revealing 75% conductor volume reduction. Experimental results show more than three times improvement in the figure of merit defined as frequency/effective resistivity, compared with other state-of-the-art devices.
Unique molecular dynamics of structural elements in an asymmetric Janus bisamide supramolecule characterized by solid-state NMR.

An asymmetric tapered Janus bisamide supramolecule consisting of 1,4-bis[3,4,5-tris(alkan-1-yloxy)benzamido]benzene bisamide (abbreviated as C22PhBAEO3) can possess three-dimensional (3D) long-range order under mild thermal treatment conditions. To understand its structural formation and unique phase-transition processes, the locally detailed structure and molecular dynamics of its structural elements in disordered and ordered phases of C22PhBAEO3 were investigated using various solid-state (SS) NMR techniques at the atomic level. On the basis of the determined conformations and packing structures of the alkyl chains in ordered and disordered crystalline phases, along with the geometry and kinetic parameters of the structural elements’ dynamics, this study addresses the self-assembly, the phase-transition mechanisms, and the relationship between the structure and dynamics of these asymmetric Janus bisamide supramolecules.
Extremely flexible nanoscale ultrathin body silicon integrated circuits on plastic.

In recent years, flexible devices based on nanoscale materials and structures have begun to emerge, exploiting semiconductor nanowires, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. This is primarily to circumvent the existing shortcomings of the conventional flexible electronics based on organic and amorphous semiconductors. The aim of this new class of flexible nanoelectronics is to attain high-performance devices with increased packing density. However, highly integrated flexible circuits with nanoscale transistors have not yet been demonstrated. Here, we show nanoscale flexible circuits on 60 A thick silicon, including functional ring oscillators and memory cells. The 100-stage ring oscillators exhibit the stage delay of ~16 ps at a power supply voltage of 0.9 V, the best reported for any flexible circuits to date. The mechanical flexibility is achieved by employing the controlled spalling technology, enabling the large-area transfer of the ultrathin body silicon devices to a plastic substrate at room temperature. These results provide a simple and cost-effective pathway to enable ultralight flexible nanoelectronics with unprecedented level of system complexity based on mainstream silicon technology.
Tryptophan PET Imaging of the Kynurenine Pathway in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Glioblastoma

Increasing evidence demonstrates the immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway's (KP) role in the pathophysiology of human gliomas. To study the KP in vivo, we used the noninvasive molecular imaging tracer α-[(11)C]-methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT). The AMT-positron emission tomography (PET) has shown high uptake in high-grade gliomas and predicted survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). We generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from dissociated cells, or tumor fragments, from 5 patients with GBM. Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors were imaged with AMT-PET, and tumors were analyzed to detect the KP enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 1, IDO2, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, kynureninase, and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. Overall, PET imaging showed robust tumoral AMT uptake in PDX mice with prolonged tracer accumulation over 60 minutes, consistent with AMT trapping seen in humans. Immunostained tumor tissues demonstrated positive detection of multiple KP enzymes. Furthermore, intracranial implantation of GBM cells was performed with imaging at both 9 and 14 days postimplant, with a marked increase in AMT uptake at 14 days and a corresponding high level of tissue immunostaining for KP enzymes. These results indicate that our PDX mouse models recapitulate human GBM, including aberrant tryptophan metabolism, and offer an in vivo system for development of targeted therapeutics for patients with GBM.
A method for fast determination of vitamin A in blood plasma by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To establish a method for fast determination of vitamin A in blood plasma by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods: Under dark condition,the plasma was shaked after adding internal standard,and centrifuged after extraction by n-hexane,then the supernatant was dried by N2 flow,dissolved wtih ethyl alcohol,and finally determined with HPLC.Results: The method had a good linearity with r=0.9998 at the concentration range of 0.034 μg/ml~0.68 μg/ml.The recoveries were between 88.2% and 111.8%.The limit of detection was 0.6 ng.Conclusion: The method was simple,fast and accurate,which can satisfy the routine heavy tasks.
Discussion of Electrical Endurance for Vacuum Circuit Breaker

The actual electrical endurance of vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) was discussed. By analyzing about 500 VCB type test reports during 2002～2006 and tracking the monopole breaking capability of a synthetic test circuit breaker for over one year, the results show that the breaking times under full capacity can’t reflect the actual electrical endurance of VCB, and its breaking limit has large potential. This study can help to reduce the abuse of VCB.
Human fetal nutrition and growth

A review of intrauterine nutrition of the fetus must involve the areas of fetal metabolism, placental transfer, alterations of maternal metabolism affecting the fetus, maternal nutrition, and the factors which regulate or interfere with fetal growth. These are the topics which are summarized in this review. Most of the data are derived from man, but where information is lacking the results of experimentation with mammals are discussed.
Avant-garde scenography and the frames of the theatre

How do we know we are watching theatre and not simply observing the world around us? In The Contrast, Royall Tyler’s play of 1787 (usually considered the first American comedy), the good-hearted but simple character Jonathan is tricked into going to the theatre – an activity that he perceives as immoral, but of which he has had no experience. Questioned afterward, he comments on the peculiar architecture to be found in New York City that permits one to peer into neighbouring buildings, and acknowledges that he would not mind having a bit of cider with one of the individuals he observed. It is an amusing conceit precisely because of its metatheatricality. As a theatrically competent audience we may laugh at a naif who is unaware of the presence of a frame and thus perceives the on-stage action as an extension of his own world, no matter how peculiar. The situation in this play serves to demonstrate that without a frame there can be no theatre.
Teaching and Working With Millennial Trainees: Impact on Radiological Education and Work Performance

Abstract Many feel that the generational differences encountered with Millennial trainees are novel; the reality is that prior generations have always bemoaned generational differences. This is not a new problem; some of the same things may even have been said about us during our own training! There are a variety of myths and misconceptions about the Millennial generation (also known as Generation Y). In this article we review some of the differences frequently encountered as we educate and work alongside our Millennial colleagues, dispelling some of the myths and misconceptions. With increased understanding of this talented group of individuals, we hope to be more effective teachers and have more successful professional relationships.
Crystallization of RNA–Protein Complexes: From Synthesis and Purification of Individual Components to Crystals

Abstract A broad range of biological processes relies on complexes between RNA and proteins. Crystallization of RNA-protein complexes can yield invaluable information on structural organizations of key elements of cellular machinery. However, crystallization of RNA-protein complexes is often challenging and requires special approaches. Here we review the purification of RNA, RNA-binding proteins, and the formation and crystallization of RNA-protein complexes, using the crystallization of the P3 RNA domain of ribonuclease MRP, a multicomponent ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the metabolism of various RNA molecules, as an example. The RNA-protein complex was formed using gel-purified RNA, produced by run-off transcription with T7 RNA polymerase in vitro, and proteins that were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to be RNase-free. The complex was crystallized using a sitting drop setup; initial screening for suitable crystallization conditions was performed using a sparse matrix approach.
Automation, Algorithms, and Politics | When the Algorithm Itself is a Racist: Diagnosing Ethical Harm in the Basic Components of Software

Computer algorithms organize and select information across a wide range of applications and industries, from search results to social media. Abuses of power by Internet platforms have led to calls for algorithm transparency and regulation. Algorithms have a particularly problematic history of processing information about race. Yet some analysts have warned that foundational computer algorithms are not useful subjects for ethical or normative analysis due to complexity, secrecy, technical character, or generality. We respond by investigating what it is an analyst needs to know to determine whether the algorithm in a computer system is improper, unethical, or illegal in itself. We argue that an “algorithmic ethics” can analyze a particular published algorithm. We explain the importance of developing a practical algorithmic ethics that addresses virtues, consequences, and norms: We increasingly delegate authority to algorithms, and they are fast becoming obscure but important elements of social structure.
Molecular Pathology and Testing in Melanocytic Tumors

Abstract Melanoma is a complex disease. Molecular pathology and testing in melanoma has made giant leaps in the diagnosis and treatment of melanocytic lesions. It has further defined and shaped our current understanding of melanomagenesis, histogenesis, and signaling pathways that lead to this complex disease. In this chapter, the current molecular testing technologies together with our current understanding of the genes and molecular signaling pathways are discussed.
Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL)

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a leukemic variant of multiple meyloma (MM) 2–4 %, which formed an intraspinal mass compressing the spinal cord leading to paraplegia.
Intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein can lead to widespread synucleinopathy independent of neuroanatomic connectivity

Prionoid transmission of α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates along neuroanatomically connected projections is posited to underlie disease progression in α-synucleinopathies. Here, we specifically wanted to study whether this prionoid progression occurs via direct inter-neuronal transfer and, if so, would intrastriatal injection of αSyn aggregates lead to nigral degeneration. To test prionoid transmission of αSyn aggregates along the nigro-striatal pathway, we injected amyloidogenic αSyn aggregates into two different regions of the striatum of adult human wild type αSyn transgenic mice (Line M20) or non-transgenic (NTG) mice and aged for 4 months. M20 mice injected in internal capsule (IC) or caudate putamen (CPu) regions of the striatum showed florid αSyn inclusion pathology distributed throughout the neuraxis, irrespective of anatomic connectivity. These αSyn inclusions were found in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes and even ependymal cells. On the other hand, intra-striatal injection of αSyn fibrils into NTG mice resulted in sparse αSyn pathology, mostly localized in the striatum and entorhinal cortex. Interestingly, NTG mice injected with preformed human αSyn fibrils showed no induction of αSyn inclusion pathology, suggesting the presence of a species barrier for αSyn fibrillar seeds. Modest levels of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss was observed exclusively in substantia nigra (SN) of M20 cohorts injected in the IC, even in the absence of frank αSyn inclusions in DA neurons. None of the NTG mice or CPu-injected M20 mice showed DA neurodegeneration. Interestingly, the pattern and distribution of induced αSyn pathology corresponded with neuroinflammation especially in the SN of M20 cohorts. Hypermorphic reactive astrocytes laden with αSyn inclusions were abundantly present in the brains of M20 mice. Overall, our findings show that the pattern and extent of dissemination of αSyn pathology does not necessarily follow expected neuroanatomic connectivity. Further, the presence of intra-astrocytic αSyn pathology implies that glial cells participate in αSyn transmission and possibly have a role in non-cell autonomous disease modification.
A Comparative Study of the Structural Dynamics of Four Terminal Uridylyl Transferases

African trypanosomiasis occurs in 36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with 10,000 reported cases annually. No definitive remedy is currently available and if left untreated, the disease becomes fatal. Structural and biochemical studies of trypanosomal terminal uridylyl transferases (TUTases) demonstrated their functional role in extensive uridylate insertion/deletion of RNA. Trypanosoma brucei RNA Editing TUTase 1 (TbRET1) is involved in guide RNA 3' end uridylation and maturation, while TbRET2 is responsible for U-insertion at RNA editing sites. Two additional TUTases called TbMEAT1 and TbTUT4 have also been reported to share similar function. TbRET1 and TbRET2 are essential enzymes for the parasite viability making them potential drug targets. For this study, we clustered molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories of four TUTases based on active site shape measured by Pocket Volume Measurer (POVME) program. Among the four TUTases, TbRET1 exhibited the largest average pocket volume, while TbMEAT1's and TbTUT4's active sites displayed the most flexibility. A side pocket was also identified within the active site in all TUTases with TbRET1 having the most pronounced. Our results indicate that TbRET1's larger side pocket can be exploited to achieve selective inhibitor design as FTMap identifies it as a druggable pocket.
Dual Blades: The Role of Musashi 1 in Zika Replication and Microcephaly

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy may cause severe developmental defects in the human brain via unknown mechanisms. In a recent issue of Science, Chavali et al. (2017) identified a neural progenitor cell (NPC)-specific RNA binding protein that may underlie the high levels of ZIKV replication and apoptosis observed in these cells during congenital infections.
Environmental Analysis Processes and Algorithmic Design. An Educational Experience

Since the publication in 1948 of Norbert Wiener’s Cybernetics, the information paradigm has exerted a profound influence in practically all fields of western knowledge. This influence has been decisive for the development of two lines of research in architecture, the environmental conception of space and computational design, which represent an important paradigm shift in the profession. From the identification of the common aspects between these two lines of research, this paper presents a diagrammatic design model, grounded on the use of parametric design tools, which allows the integration of the environmental analysis of architecture and the digital production of space. The development of such a model is a contribution to the discussion about how to instrumentalize the environmental analysis of architecture, and it constitutes a pedagogic tool that endorses the use of digital design techniques as a support for the production of an architecture capable of responding properly to its context.
Breakout Session: International Treaties, Copyright Law, and the Future of the U.S.A. Presented by Kenneth D. Crews, attorney, Gipson Hoffman and Pancione.

Nearly every nation in the world enacts laws that explicitly govern domestic copyright, dictating rights reserved for authors and specifying other important legal terms. Both geographical borders and the less well-defined borders of the internet affect determinations of copyright. On a global scale, nations enact international copyright treaties to achieve harmonization of certain aspects of copyright law that would otherwise create challenges or conflicts in enforcement of policies between individual nations. However, member nations may need to adjust domestic laws to bring them into alignment with the terms of the international treaties. International law expert Dr. Kenneth Crews discussed the evolution of copyright law and described how precedents set by some nations historically influenced geographic and sociopolitical peers. He also discussed how existing international copyright treaties address issues that continue to reveal weaknesses or compelling needs that cannot easily be served through existing copyright law. Lastly, Dr. Crews provided an update on the landmark 2013 Marrakesh VIP Treaty, which establishes special copyright provisions to accommodate individuals with print disabilities, and reported on his work commissioned by WIPO to study the status of copyright law exceptions in nations around the world.
Reversible mechanofluorochromism of aniline-terminated phenylene ethynylenes

Seven three-ring phenylene-ethynylene (PE) structural analogs, differing only in the lengths of alkyl chains on terminal aniline substituents, show 50–62 nm bathochromic shifts in emission maxima in response to mechanical force (mechanofluorochromism, MC). These shifts are fully reversible with heat or solvent fuming. Shearing of these solids yields a transition from green-emitting crystalline phases to orange-emitting amorphous phases as established by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Molecules with shorter alkyl chain lengths required higher temperatures to recover the hypsochromically shifted crystalline phases after grinding, while the recovery with chain lengths longer than butyl occurred at room temperature. In addition to this structure-dependent thermochromism, these compounds retain their MC properties in polymer hosts to various extents. The crystalline phases of these materials have PE chromophores that are twisted due to non-covalent perfluoroarene–arene (ArF–ArH) interactions involving perfluorophenyl pendants and the terminal rings of the PE chromophore, resulting in interrupted conjugation and an absence of chromophore aggregation. The MC behavior of an analog without the perfluoroarene rings is severely attenuated. This work demonstrates the general utility of twisted PEs as stimuli-responsive moieties and reveals clear structure–property relationships regarding the effects of alkyl chain length on these materials.
Strategies for the Integration of Cough and Swallow to Maintain Airway Protection in Humans

Airway protective behaviors, like cough and swallow, deteriorate in many populations suffering from neurologic disorders. While coordination of these behaviors has been investigated in an animal model, it has not been tested in humans. We used a novel protocol, adapted from previous work in the cat, to assess cough and swallow independently and their coordination strategies in seven healthy males (26 ± 6 years). Surface electromyograms of the submental complex and external oblique complex, spirometry, and thoracic and abdominal wall kinematics, were used to evaluate the timing of swallow, cough, and breathing as well as lung volume (LV) during these behaviors. Unlike the cat, there was significant variability in the cough-swallow phase preference; however, there was a targeted LV range in which swallow occurred. These results give insight into the differences between the cat and human models in airway protective strategies related to the coordination of cough and swallow behaviors, allowing for better understanding of dystussia and dysphagia.
Evaluating usefulness of 10 genomic regions associated with Sudden Death Syndrome resistance in soybean

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the most important soybean diseases in the Midwestern United States soybean producing region, leading to losses of $190 million per year from 1996 to 2007. The causal agent of SDS is the soilborne fungus, Fusarium virguliforme. The main management practice used to reduce the impact of SDS is planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistance to SDS is known to be quantitative with 12 known quantitative trait loci (QTL). To identify the QTL with the largest effects on reducing disease severity recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were crossed among themselves and their progeny screened for resistance to the pathogen. The current greenhouse screening method, the layer method, proved to not be sensitive enough to evaluate the progeny of the RILs, which could possess up to 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL) resistant alleles, leading to a skewed distribution towards the highly resistant side. In order to increase the sensitivity of the current greenhouse screening method, three experiments were conducted using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) infested with F. virguliforme as inoculum to modify it. The first experiment was conducted to identify the optimum inoculum density to distinguish genotypic levels of resistance to SDS when mixed homogeneously throughout the pot. The second experiment was conducted to study the association between the modified greenhouse screening method and SDS ratings from the field using eight different soybean genotypes. In the third experiment, the modified mixed method was compared to a layer method with an equivalent level of inoculum to see potential negative effects. A 1:20 inoculum:soil ratio was found to be the most effective to differentiate among resistant soybean genotypes. The modified method correlated well (r =
Psychoanalysis and Sociology

Sociologists have curious opinions about psychoanalysis. We seem to either love it or hate it. Psychoanalytic theory was a major part of my graduate education in sociology at Berkeley in the 1980s. I took several courses on the topic, it was one of my comprehensive examination topics, and Freud was on the required reading list of most theory courses-even those taught by professors who disavowed the approach. When I left graduate school, I was unprepared for the hostility with which many sociologists regard the theory. It did not help matters that I considered myself a feminist researcher (and still do) since sociologists of gender have been among the leading critics of Freudian theory. Some of sociology's generic lack of sympathy for the theory can be attributed to its research methodology (the in-depth case study of neurotic individuals), its focus on invisible unconscious processes, and its confidence in the transformative power of individual therapy. But these objections do not seem so overwhelming when compared to the criticisms waged against other approaches, such as rational choice theory, ethnomethodology, symbolic interaction, Marxist theory, functionalism, and evolutionary theory. Certainly there are extreme and dogmatic proponents of all of these ap-
The AKT kinase signaling network is rewired by PTEN to control proximal BCR signaling in germinal center B cells

B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and CD40 signaling are rewired in germinal center (GC) B cells (GCBCs) to optimize selection for high-affinity B cells. In GCBC, BCR signals are constrained, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Here we describe a GC-specific, AKT-kinase-driven negative feedback loop that attenuates BCR signaling. Mass spectrometry revealed that AKT target activity was altered in GCBCs compared with naive B cells. Retargeting was linked to differential AKT T308 and S473 phosphorylation, in turn controlled by GC-specific upregulation of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase PDK1 and the phosphatase PTEN. In GCBCs, AKT preferentially targeted CSK, SHP-1 and HPK1, which are negative regulators of BCR signaling. We found that phosphorylation enhances enzymatic activity of these proteins, creating a negative feedback loop that dampens upstream BCR signaling. AKT inhibition relieved this negative feedback and enhanced activation of BCR-proximal kinase LYN, as well as downstream BCR signaling molecules in GCBCs.
Adaptive Threshold for Zero-Velocity Detector in ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation

We present a study on the adaptive threshold of the zero-velocity detector, which enables the detector to adjust to gait patterns with different speeds, from as low as walking with 80 steps per minute to as high as running with 160 steps per minute, without any tuning of design parameters during the navigation. This approach enables the zero-velocity update (ZUPT)-aided navigation algorithm to work properly with time-varying speed in a single navigation process. A Bayesian-based approach was applied to determine the adaptive threshold in the likelihood ratio test with a uniform prior information and time-varying cost function. The position error in a velocity-changing navigation scenario was demonstrated to be reduced by 12 times after applying the adaptive threshold instead of a fixed threshold.
Advance on acute kidney injury of neonate in perinatal phase

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a variety of causes leading to rapid impaired renal function, causing glomerular filtration rate reduced, blood urea nitrogen elevated, serum creatinine increased, urine output decreased, resulting in the disorder of the human body environment, so the body can not maintain homeostasis.AKI increases the risk of mortality and chronic kidney disease in neonate.To understand the progress of AKI on diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, early biomarker, treatment and prognosis, it is extremely important to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment, improve the outcome and reduce the mortality of AKI in neonate. Key words: Acute kidney injury; Neonate; Biomarker
Interaction design & children toolkit

Interaction Design & Children Toolkit is an online tool that aims to present research findings and practical insights from published IDC conference papers into actionable design tips and guidelines. The toolkit translates the research studies into a digestible format that can be easily accessed and used by industry practitioners of children's interactive technologies and applications. The toolkit arranges the translated research under qualities (dimensions) that the research aims to support in children, such as privacy and security, STEM learning, or executive function. Research findings under each dimension are organized in a way that aligns with the design process and project phases.
Scientific Calculator for Designing Trojan Detectors in Neural Networks

This work presents a web-based interactive neural network (NN) calculator and a NN inefficiency measurement that has been investigated for the purpose of detecting trojans embedded in NN models. This NN Calculator is designed on top of TensorFlow Playground with in-memory storage of data and NN graphs plus coefficients. It is "like a scientific calculator" with analytical, visualization, and output operations performed on training datasets and NN architectures. The prototype is aaccessible at this https URL. The analytical capabilities include a novel measurement of NN inefficiency using modified Kullback-Liebler (KL) divergence applied to histograms of NN model states, as well as a quantification of the sensitivity to variables related to data and NNs. Both NN Calculator and KL divergence are used to devise a trojan detector approach for a variety of trojan embeddings. Experimental results document desirable properties of the KL divergence measurement with respect to NN architectures and dataset perturbations, as well as inferences about embedded trojans.
Correction to: Shared genetic architecture between metabolic traits and Alzheimer's disease: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis.

Page 4: In the “Results-Genetic correlation between AD and metabolic traits” section, the sentence “We also observed that HDL had a significant genetic correlation with AD (Rg = -0.137, P = 0.0436)” should be “We also observed that HDL had a significant genetic correlation with AD (Rg = 0.322, P = 0.017)”.
Probleme keimfreien Lebens

Ich mochte zwei Bemerkungen vor anschicken. Die erste: es ist schon richtig, wie der Herr Vorsitzende sagt, alles kommt einmal zur Chemie, aber die Chemie ist dann auch nicht das Ende, sondern von dort geht es noch weiter hinab in die Physik oder physikalische Chemie. Die zweite Bemerkung betriift die Feststellung von Prof. Westphal, das es in Deutschland keine Erfahrung mit keimfreien Methoden gabe. Das ist in gewisser Hinsicht tragisch, denn die keimfreie Methode hat ihren Ursprung in Deutschland genommen, und zwar — ich will hier nicht die Geschichte wiederholen — ich mochte nur kurz andeuten: keimfreies Leben wurde zuerst von Pasteur1 in Tieren erwogen, als er eine Arbeit von Duclaux uber Pflanzen, die in mikrobenfreiem Boden wuchsen, in die franzosische Akademie einfuhrte. Er war der Ansicht, das Tiere nicht keimfrei leben konnten. Es haben aber bereits vor der Jahrhundertwende ein Englander und ein Deutscher, Nuttall und Thierfelderi1a, in gemeinsamer Arbeit fur kurze Zeit Tiere unter keimfreien Bedingungen gehalten. Des weiteren hat Kuester2 in Berlin am kaiserhchen Gesundheitsamt einen Apparat entwickelt, der zusammen mit den Konstruktionen von Nuttall und Thierfelder das Grundprinzip aller heute gebrauchten Apparate fur keimfreie Zuchtung der Tiere darstellt.
A statistical approach for atomistic calculations of vacancy formation energy and chemical potentials in concentrated solid-solution alloys

Abstract This article presents a statistical approach for atomistic calculations of vacancy formation energy, which is expected to exhibit a probability distribution in concentrated solid-solution alloys, due to the variation in atomic environment. Demonstrated using a random FeCrNi ternary alloy, a general formulation is given for applications in random, concentrated alloys with any number of components. The proposed approach calculates the mean vacancy formation energy, based on the total energies of the reference and defected supercells—each with a vacancy—without separate calculations for chemical potentials, thus avoiding the additional computational cost and the associated uncertainty. The chemical potential of each component can be back-derived in a self-consistent manner to give the distribution of vacancy formation energy. This is opposed to most current studies, in which the individual chemical potentials are calculated separately prior to calculating the vacancy formation energy. It is also found that, with the same mean vacancy formation energy, a broader distribution may lead to a higher equilibrium vacancy concentration at a given temperature, indicating the critical importance of statistically obtaining the full distribution of vacancy formation energy.
Prospective COVID-19 related changes in physical activity and sedentary time and associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Abstract Problem The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with psychological distress. Decreased moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increased sedentary time may be exacerbating pandemic-related symptoms of anxiety and depression, but existing studies exploring these associations are almost entirely cross-sectional. Methods Reported data from 2018 and Summer 2020 were used to create change categories based on compliance with MVPA guidelines and relative sedentary time. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in Summer 2020. Associations among changes in MVPA and sedentary time (separately and jointly) with psychological distress (total PHQ-4 score) were examined with ordinal logistic regression and associations with depressive or anxiety symptoms were examined with logistic regression. Results Among 2,240 participants (65% women, mean age 57.5 years), 67% increased sedentary time and 21% became inactive between the two time points. After multivariate adjustment, participants who became (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05–2.78) or remained inactive (OR = 2.07, 1.34–3.22) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those who remained active. Participants who increased sedentary time were also more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those who maintained sedentary time (OR = 1.78, 1.13–2.81). Jointly, those who increased sedentary time while remaining (OR = 3.67, 1.83–7.38) or becoming inactive (OR = 3.02, 1.44–6.34) were much more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to the joint referent (remained active/maintained sedentary time). Associations with anxiety symptoms were not statistically significant. Conclusions These findings support the value of promoting MVPA and limiting sedentary time during stressful events associated with psychological distress, like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms

Rising motion is important in meteorology because it allows air to cool to its dew point temperature, condense, form clouds, and enlarge droplets by either the collision-coalescence process or the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process before precipitation is possible. This chapter covers the four basic ways that air can rise. The first mechanism follows naturally from the theme of thermal turbulence and atmospheric stability/instability; convectional lifting, or free convection, involves surface heating that causes an air parcel to rise because it is convectively unstable. The other three mechanisms are known as forced convection because the rising occurs regardless of whether the parcel is convectively unstable. Two parcels of air that are near the surface and converging cause forced rising. This convergence is particularly common in the coastal zone where relative humidity is likely to be high. Orographic lifting occurs when an air parcel is lifted upslope as it is pushed against a mountain or hill on the windward slope. Finally, when an air mass with cold air is pushed up against another air mass containing warmer air, there is an enhancement to the precipitation potential beyond that caused by the horizontal convergence that would produce lifting; specifically, the warmer air will get pushed up over the cold air because it is less dense in frontal lifting.
The Mammary Gland

In order to achieve full functional differentiation, i.e., copious synthesis and secretion of milk, the mammary gland undergoes a dramatic series of changes in morphology, size, composition, and activity throughout the life cycle of the animal. These changes begin in fetal life, continue throughout puberty and the attainment of sexual maturity, and are very pronounced during pregnancy and lactation. Development occurs in discrete stages throughout ontogency and is marked by changes in sensitivity of the glandular components to multiple hormones and growth factors. In addition, in several species, there exists in the otherwise dormant, mature glands morphologically discrete, pregnancylike structures (hyperplastic nodules) that have a high rate of developing into overt neoplasms. Because many of the morpho-genetic and differentiative events that occur in vivo can be mimicked in various culture systems under controlled conditions, especially with murine tissue, the mouse mammary gland has proven to be an excellent model system for studying hormonal control of differentiation and preneoplasia.
The development of afferent projections to the robust archistriatal nucleus in male zebra finches: a quantitative electron microscopic study

Because the projections into the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) are thought to play important roles in song learning and sexual differentiation of the zebra finch (Poephila guttata), quantitative electron microscopic techniques were used to measure the development of synaptic input to the neuropil of RA in this species. Two nuclei [hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudalis (HVc) and lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (IMAN)] that send projections to RA were lesioned at each of three different ages: 25 d after hatching, 53 d, and adulthood. In tissue from RA processed for conventional electron microscopy, lesion-induced degeneration was used to identify synapses from either HVc or IMAN. Axosomatic synapses were excluded from analysis. In control (unlesioned) animals, the density of synapses in neuropil increased slightly between days 28 and 56 and remained constant thereafter. Because of a large increase in the volume of RA, the total number of synapses in neuropil of RA tripled between days 28 and 56 and decreased significantly between day 56 and adulthood. The density and total number of synapses in neuropil originating from HVc increased significantly between days 25 and 53, but did not change significantly thereafter. In contrast, the density and total number of synapses from IMAN decreased significantly between days 25 and 53 and did not change thereafter. Presynaptic terminals from IMAN were larger than those from HVc. These data demonstrate that the most rapid phase of song learning is accompanied by a major rearrangement of synaptic contacts into RA that stem from HVc and IMAN.
Parentification and Alcohol Use: Conditional Effects of Religious Service Attendance

This study tested a model of the relation between parentification and alcohol use through differentiation of self (DoS), with religious service attendance as a moderator. Results provided mixed support for the model. Perceived unfair parentification was associated with decreased DoS, and lowered DoS corresponded to increased alcohol use. Religious service attendance moderated the association between increased perceived unfairness and increased alcohol use. Implications for practice focused on assessing perceived unfairness and integrating clients’ religiousness.
Attitude drift for systems with partial internal damping

The use of feedback for the asymptotic stabilization of uniform motion introduces partial internal damping in the system dynamics. For such systems the dynamics converge to relative equilibria of the undamped system. In converging to these relative equilibria the dissipation introduced by the control law does work on the system and moves the spatially referenced angular momentum vector. In this paper we compare attitude drift for the closed loop dynamics with the undamped case and estimate the displacement of the spatially referenced angular momentum vector. The results are illustrated by several numerical examples. >
Seeking truth on Monte Verita. Workshop on the molecular biology and biochemistry of septins and septin function.

The EMBO Workshop on The Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Septins and Septin Function took place between 6 and 10 May 2007, in Monte Verita, Switzerland, and was organized by Y. Barral, S. Buvelot Frei and C. Field. ![][1] Septin biologists recently gathered on a lush hillside called Monte Verita above the sparkling waters of Lake Maggiore in Southern Switzerland for the second international meeting on septin biology. Once a utopian community of artists and exiles, this proved to be an inspirational setting for the animated exchange of ideas, dissection of models and planning of experiments focused on understanding the intriguing family of proteins called septins. After the original identification of septins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by L. Hartwell 40 years ago, they have been discovered throughout metazoans and mammals, although they are absent in plants (Hartwell, 1971; Longtine et al . 1996). J. Pringle (Stanford, CA, USA), the founding father of septin biology, coined the name ‘septins’ based on their function in cytokinesis and localization to the mother–bud neck. Experiments in various systems have shown that septins have many cellular functions such as acting as membrane barriers, directing exocytosis, positioning the spindle, and regulating cell cycle checkpoints and polarized growth. Aberrant septin function is increasingly associated with various neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, emphasizing the roles of septins in diverse cellular processes. Here, we attempt to capture the highlights presented at the meeting and raise the important open questions facing the field. Ever since Breck Byers first observed septin‐dependent rings made of 10 nm filaments encircling the mother–bud neck using electron microscopy, it was speculated that septins might be filament‐forming proteins (Byers & Goetsch, 1976). In the intervening 30 years, fascinating discoveries accumulated about septin organization and function in many species; however, in early 2007, the community still faced a bounty of … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The plasma membrane-bound phospholipase Dδ enhances freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Freezing injury is a major environmental limitation on the productivity and geographical distribution of plants. Here we show that freezing tolerance can be manipulated in Arabidopsis thaliana by genetic alteration of the gene encoding phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ), which is involved in membrane lipid hydrolysis and cell signaling. Genetic knockout of the plasma membrane–associated PLDδ rendered A. thaliana plants more sensitive to freezing, whereas overexpression of PLDδ increased freezing tolerance. Lipid profiling revealed that PLDδ contributed approximately 20% of the phosphatidic acid produced in wild-type plants during freezing, and overexpression of PLDδ increased the production of phosphatidic acid species. The PLDδ alterations did not affect the expression of the cold-regulated genes COR47 or COR78 or alter cold-induced increases in proline or soluble sugars, suggesting that the PLD pathway is a unique determinant of the response to freezing and may present opportunities for improving plant freezing tolerance.
Parasitic and courtship behavior of Phalacrotophora halictorum (Diptera: Phoridae) at a nesting site of Lasioglossum figueresi (Hyrnenoptera: Halictidae)

Las larvas de la mosca Phalacrotophora halictorum actuan como parasitos en los nidos de la abeja solitaria Lasioglossum figueresi. Aproximadamente, 16% de 171 celdas en 25 nidos contenian el parasito. Las moscas hembras copulan antes de intentar entrar en los nidos, lo cual no logran unicamente si hay alguna abeja. Luego de la penetracion el macho aparentemente continua cortejando a su companera, tamborileando las patas delanteras sobre el dorso de ella.
The Characterization of Several High Specific Heat Regenerator Materials in a Gifford McMahon Refrigerator

Recent developments in the use of low-temperature, high specific heat materials in Gifford McMahon (GM) refrigerators has produced remarkable demonstrations of ultra-low temperatures. These materials, consisting of heavy rare earth and ceramics, exhibit a magnetic phase transition leading to a sharp rise in specific heat at the transition temperature. From recently published data, it is clear that these materials improve refrigerator performance, but the key material and operating parameters affecting the reported performance improvements are not clearly defined. Therefore, with this goal in mind, the General Electric Research and Development Center has manufactured a number of high specific heat materials and tested them in two GM refrigerators.