cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal Penetration of Oral Ciprofloxacin in Humans

Nineteen patients about to undergo elective vitreous surgery received 1 oral dose of 750 mg of ciprofloxacin before surgery. Specimens of serum and vitreous were collected 90 minutes to 18 hours after drug administration and were assayed for antibiotic content with a microbiologic disk agar technique. From 4 hours and 50 minutes to 16 hours and 50 minutes after a single oral dose, ciprofloxacin reached intravitreal levels above its minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus species , and Enterobacteriaceae . However, intravitreal levels never exceeded the MIC90 for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas .
Design and implementation of a parallel performance data management framework

Empirical performance evaluation of parallel systems and applications can generate significant amounts of performance data and analysis results from multiple experiments as performance is investigated and problems diagnosed. Hence, the management of performance information is a core component of performance analysis tools. To better support tool integration, portability; and reuse, there is a strong motivation to develop performance data management technology that can provide a common foundation for performance data storage, access, merging, and analysis. This paper presents the design and implementation of the performance data management framework (PerfDMF). PerfDMF addresses objectives of performance tool integration, interoperation, and reuse by providing common data storage, access, and analysis infrastructure for parallel performance profiles. PerfDMF includes an extensible parallel profile data schema and relational database schema, a profile query and analysis programming interface, and an extendible toolkit for profile import/export and standard analysis. We describe the PerfDMF objectives and architecture, give detailed explanation of the major components, and show examples of PerfDMF application.
Intraday Price Formation in US Equity Index Markets

The market for US equity indexes has traditionally comprised floor-traded index futures contracts and the individual markets for the component stocks. This picture has been altered by the advent of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that mirror the indexes, electronically-traded, small-denomination ("E-mini") futures contracts, and (for the S&P 500) a family of sector ETFs that break the index into nine components. This paper empirically investigates price discovery (price leadership) in this new environment. The specifications are estimated at very fine (up to one second) time resolution. The principal findings are as follows. - For the S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100 indexes, the index market comprises an ETF, a regular floor-traded futures contract and an E-mini futures contract. The paper finds that most of the price discovery for both indexes occurs in the E-mini markets: price changes in the E-mini futures prices generally lead those in the regular futures contracts and the ETFs. - The market in the S&P 400 MidCap index comprises only the ETF and the regular futures contract. Both securities contribute substantially to price discovery, but the ETF appears to dominate. - The sector ETFs can closely replicate the S&P 500 ETF. Nevertheless, trading activity across the sector ETFs varies considerably. The most actively traded sector (technology) contributes a modest amount to price discovery in the overall index. The other sector ETFs play only a minor role.
Self-Presentation and Interaction in Blogs of Adolescents and Young Emerging Adults:

This article analyzed 124 blogs, chronological, journal-type entries published on public hosting Web sites, as new and popular places for adolescents and emerging adults aged 15 to 19 to play openly with their self-presentation, an important aspect of identity exploration. Findings indicate that most young persons write emotionally toned entries; focus on their daily activities, friends, and romantic relationships; and describe themselves, but less frequently their experiences, positively. Bloggers often alter content and appearance of their Web pages, most commonly with photographs of themselves. Number of friends ranges widely, and most blog entries receive no or one comment, most of which are supportive. The article also describes and discusses gender and age differences and concludes that blogs written by adolescents and young emerging adults are less about direct interaction with others than about careful self-presentation.
Mode coupling in coaxial waveguides with varying-radius center and outer conductors

The mode conversion process in a coaxial waveguide with varying-radius center and outer conductors is shown to be described by a system of first-order differential equations-the coupled mode equations. The nondiagonal coefficients of this system are called the coupling coefficients. In this paper, we derive the explicit expressions for the coupling coefficients in a varying-radius coaxial waveguide and discuss some of their important features. These coefficients can be used in determining model conversion in a coaxial cavity with slowly varying walls or designing and analyzing coaxial waveguide tapers and mode converters. Some experimental results of the coupling coefficients for the case of azimuthally symmetric modes, TE/sub 0n/ modes, are also given. >
3 hyperbaric oxygen treatments reduced cognitive sequelae of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Source Citation Weaver LK, Hopkins RO, Chan KJ, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1057-67. 12362006 (All 2003 articles were reviewed for relevancy...
Themes of female imprisonment and rebellion: M.A. Tazi's film Badis

This article explores the movie Badis, in which Tazi gives the audience his own representation of the complexity of Moroccan women's experience. The film highlights not only women's oppression under institutionalised male dominance, but also their liberation in terms of their pursuit of agency and self-definition. The article analyses the way the film makes space for women's agency and subjectivity, and the extent to which it refuses and subverts the objectifying patriarchal gaze as well as the colonial gaze of the Spanish. Furthermore, it examines the way the film offers narratives of mobility and transgression which challenge imprisoning fixed identities. The article draws connections between form, gender and political commentary and raises questions about Tazi's filming of Badis. To what extent is Tazi implicated in patriarchal discourse? To what extent is his gaze gendered? Is the camera gaze always gendered or can a male director as sympathetic as Tazi step out of this gendering mode of filmmaking an...
Hemorrhagic Shock From a Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in a Patient With a Negative Urine Pregnancy Test Result

Ectopic pregnancy has been increasing in frequency over the past 2 decades. The sudden rupture of a fallopian tube caused by ectopic pregnancy can lead to hemorrhagic shock and death if not diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion. The emergency physician is often the health professional that is called on to make the diagnosis and coordinate timely and effective intervention. The first step in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is demonstration of pregnancy by means of a rapidly performed and sensitive qualitative urine test for the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). A negative urine pregnancy test result will generally be used to exclude ectopic pregnancy from further consideration. The following is a report of a patient presenting to an emergency department with hypovolemic shock in conjunction with 2 negative urine beta-hCG analysis results and a quantitative serum beta-hCG level of 7 mIU/mL, a value less than the lower limit of detection for the highly sensitive qualitative urine and serum tests. This case report demonstrates the importance of further consideration of the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the setting of a negative urine pregnancy test result.
Implications of three viability models for the conservation status of the western population of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)

Two distinct viability models are developed for Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) to evaluate the sensitivity of extinction risk to various levels of stochasticity, spatial scale and density dependence. These models include a metapopulation model, Analysis of the Likelihood of Extinction (ALEX; Possingham et al., 1992; Possingham, H., Davies, I.A., Noble, I. 1992. ALEX 2.2 Operation Manual. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005; Australia.), and a model that incorporates both sampling and process error in estimating population parameters from timeseries data (Gerber and DeMaster, 1999; Gerber, L.R., DeMaster, D.P. 1999. An approach to endangered species act classification of long-lived vertebrates: a case study of north Pacific humpback whales. Conservation Biology 13 (5);1203–1214.). Results are compared with a third model that encompasses three different geographic scales (York et al., 1996; York, A.E., Merrick, R.L., Loughlin, T.R. 1996. An analysis of the Steller Sea lion metapopulation in Alaska. In: McCullough, D.R. (Ed.), Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation. Island Press, Covelo, CA pp. 259–292). The combination of modeling approaches provides a basis for considering how model parameterization and the selection of classification criteria affect both model results and potential status determinations. Results from the models generally agree with regard to central tendency, 25th and 75th percentile times to extinction. For Steller sea lions, the distributions of time to extinction for each model were narrower than the range of extinction distributions between models. If this finding applies generally to listed species, it would suggest that more than one viability model should be considered when listing decisions are made. On a more applied basis, the results of our analysis provide a quantitative assessment of extinction risk of Steller sea lions in the context of its status pursuant to the US Endangered Species Act. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Specific gravity and creatinine as corrections for variation in urine concentration in humans, gorillas, and woolly monkeys.

Hormones excreted in the urine are widely used to assess the physiological and psychological condition of unrestrained animals. In order to control for variation in the water concentration of urine samples, the hormone concentration is often indexed to the concentration of creatinine. Because there are several problems with using creatinine, we have investigated the efficacy of specific gravity as an alternative basis for adjusting the hormone concentration in humans, gorillas, and woolly monkeys. In an experimental manipulation of human urine hydration, ten volunteers drank a water load proportional to body weight, and provided complete urine collection and saliva samples for four consecutive 20 min intervals. From the urine, we measured cortisol (radioimmunoassay), creatinine (colorimetric assay), and specific gravity (refractometer). Only cortisol was assayed from saliva. During 80 min following water ingestion, cortisol, creatinine, and specific gravity declined as urine became diluted; however, total cortisol excretion remained constant. Only cortisol concentration indexed to specific gravity accurately reflected the consistent cortisol excretion. Specific gravity and creatinine-corrected cortisol values were highly correlated but were significantly different. Salivary cortisol provided evidence for the relative stability of serum cortisol. To determine the utility of these corrections in other primates, we compared specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected cortisol in urine samples from captive gorillas (N=16) and woolly monkeys (N=8). As with the human study, the two corrections were strongly correlated in each species, but the means were different. Specific gravity correction was superior in revealing the circadian variation in cortisol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1082–1091, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reaction of Sorghum Lines Genetically Modified for Reduced Lignin Content to Infection by Fusarium and Alternaria spp.

Funnell, D. L., and Pedersen, J. F. 2006. Reaction of sorghum lines genetically modified for reduced lignin content to infection by Fusarium and Alternaria spp. Plant Dis. 90:331-338. Two genes conferring the brown midrib (bmr) trait had been backcrossed into six elite sorghum lines, resulting in reduced lignin in the bmr lines when compared with the wild-type parent. Seed and leaf tissue from field-grown plants, planted at two locations, were screened for Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. on semi-selective media. The results suggest that bmr lines do not have increased susceptibility to colonization by Alternaria spp. However, significantly fewer colonies of Fusarium spp., including Fusarium moniliforme, were recovered from seed of reduced lignin lines from two genetic backgrounds. That the bmr trait in some genetic backgrounds might enable increased resistance to colonization by F. moniliforme was further supported by greenhouse experiments in which peduncles of developing heads were inoculated with F. moniliforme. Mean lesion measurements on bmr lines were significantly lower than those resulting from inoculations on wild-type lines. Analysis of near-isogenic lines revealed that mean lesion lengths on bmr lines were significantly less than those produced on their wild-type counterparts in four of the six genetic backgrounds. These results suggest that reduced lignin lines exhibit, in some cases, increased resistance to Fusarium spp., including F. moniliforme. Additional keywords: bmr-6, bmr-12, Fusarium verticillioides, grain mold
A Developmental Perspective on Vocational Behaviour: Career Patterns, Salience, and Themes

Donald E. Super's signal contribution to the science of vocationalpsychology and the practice of career counselling arose from his takinga developmental perspective on occupational choice and work adjustment.He asserted that the individual differences view of occupations andworkers ignored the longitudinal vantage point from which one canobserve how individuals expand their vocational coping repertoires andmove into more congruent positions. From this seminal insight, heelaborated important hypotheses about career maturity, salience, stages,patterns, and themes. Super's models and measures of these constructsremain as valuable today as when he first introduced them in the1950s.
On the origin of “very-low-frequency emissions”

Abstract The magneto-ionic theory for drifting plasma is applied to the theory on the origin of very-low-frequency emissions. The frequency at which there will be interaction, and possible amplification, between two different streams of electrons is found. It is shown that physical phenomena are explained by interaction between several streams of electrons of different plasma frequency and different velocity.
Adolescent Dating Violence: A National Assessment of School Counselors’ Perceptions and Practices

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a significant public health problem that, according to various estimates, affects 9% to 34% of adolescents in the United States. Schools can play an important role in preventing ADV. However, little is known about school personnel\x{2019}s practices and perceptions regarding ADV. This study assessed high school counselors9 knowledge, training, perceptions, and practices on dealing with ADV incidents. METHODS: A national random sample ( n = 550) of high school counselors who were members of the American School Counselors Association were sent a valid and reliable questionnaire on ADV. A 3-wave mailing procedure was used to increase the response rate, which was 58%. Statistically significant differences ( P t tests, χ 2 tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression. RESULTS: A majority of the school counselors reported that they did not have a protocol in their schools to respond to an incident of ADV (81.3%). Additionally, the majority (90%) of counselors reported that in the past 2 years, training to assist survivors of teen dating abuse has not been provided to personnel in their schools, their school did not conduct periodic student surveys that include questions on teen dating abuse behaviors (83%), and their school did not have a committee that meets periodically to address health and safety issues that include teen dating abuse (76%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that schools do not find ADV a high-priority issue to be addressed in their student populations.
Low cost comparisons of file copies

The author present a file comparison scheme in which the signatures of individual pages are compared by means of a supersignature calculated from the individual page signature. A supersignature is obtained as a power series in a primitive root within the Galois field with 2/sup n/ elements. The coefficients are the signatures of the individual pages. With this scheme errors, such as missing, altered, or incorrectly placed pages, can be detected with the very probability, and an error diagnosis can be found if discrepancies are detected. >
ASSESSING "NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS": Social Processes and New Directions in Research

▪ Abstract This paper assesses and synthesizes the cumulative results of a new “neighborhood-effects” literature that examines social processes related to problem behaviors and health-related outcomes. Our review identified over 40 relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from the mid-1990s to 2001, the take-off point for an increasing level of interest in neighborhood effects. Moving beyond traditional characteristics such as concentrated poverty, we evaluate the salience of social-interactional and institutional mechanisms hypothesized to account for neighborhood-level variations in a variety of phenomena (e.g., delinquency, violence, depression, high-risk behavior), especially among adolescents. We highlight neighborhood ties, social control, mutual trust, institutional resources, disorder, and routine activity patterns. We also discuss a set of thorny methodological problems that plague the study of neighborhood effects, with special attention to selection bias. We conclude with promising ...
Preclinical versus clinical drug combination studies.

This brief review provides a practical guide for drug combination studies and delineates its essence in terms of the mass-action-based theory, experimental design and automated computerised data analysis. The combination index (CI) method of Chou-Talalay is based on the multiple drug effect equation derived from the median-effect principle of the mass-action law. It provides quantitative determination for synergism (CI 1), and provides the algorithm for computer software for automated simulation for drug combinations. It takes into account both the potency (the Dm value) and the shape of the dose–effect curve (the m value) of each drug alone and their combination. The best feature is that it allows for small size experiments. The automated computer simulation reveals whether there is a synergism, determines how much synergism (the CI value) at any effect levels (the Fa–CI plot), or at any dose levels (the isobologram), provides the information regarding ...
Role of hydrophobic anode MPL in controlling water crossover in DMFC

The importance of reducing water crossover from anode to cathode in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has been well documented, especially if highly concentrated methanol fuel is to be used. A low-α membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with thin membrane is key to achieving this goal. The low water crossover from anode to cathode for these types of MEAs has traditionally been attributed to the use of a hydrophobic cathode micro-porous layer (MPL). However, it has recently been discovered that a hydrophobic anode MPL also reduces the water crossover, possibly even more significantly than a hydrophobic cathode MPL. In this work, we develop and use a 1D, two-phase transport model that accounts for capillary-induced liquid flow in porous media to explain how a hydrophobic anode MPL controls the water crossover from anode to cathode. We further show that a lower water crossover can lead to a lower methanol crossover via dilution of methanol in the anode catalyst layer. Finally, we perform a parametric study and show that a thicker anode MPL with greater hydrophobicity and lower permeability is more effective in reducing the water crossover.
Chromosome inversions, adaptive cassettes and the evolution of species' ranges

A chromosome inversion can spread when it captures locally adapted alleles or when it is introduced into a species by hybridization with adapted alleles that were previously absent. We present a model that shows how both processes can cause a species range to expand. Introgression of an inversion that carries novel, locally adapted alleles is a particularly powerful mechanism for range expansion. The model supports the earlier proposal that introgression of an inversion triggered a large range expansion of a malaria mosquito. These results suggest a role for inversions as cassettes of genes that can accelerate adaptation by crossing species boundaries, rather than protecting genomes from introgression.
High pregnancy rates can be achieved after freezing and thawing human blastocysts.

Objective To examine the results of a 3-year trial using blastocyst cryopreservation to limit multiple pregnancy and optimize overall pregnancy per cycle. Design Retrospective clinical evaluation of pregnancy rates after freezing and thawing human blastocysts. Setting Tertiary-care academic center. Patient(s) Seven hundred fifty-three different patients treated in 783 IVF cycles with blastocysts frozen from July 2000 to June 2003. Intervention(s) Two thousand, two hundred fifty-nine blastocysts were frozen in cycles in which only blastocysts were cryopreserved (cycles with pronuclear stage oocytes or pre-embryos also cryopreserved were excluded from the analysis). Of these, 628 (27.6%) were thawed in 218 cycles. Main outcome measure(s) Pregnancy rate per cycle with thaw. Result(s) Four hundred seventy-nine (76.3%) blastocysts survived thawing, and 440 (92.0%) were transferred after exhibiting evidence of survival (most commonly, blastocoele reexpansion). In cycles with a thaw, 211 (96.8%) of 218 underwent intrauterine transfer. An average of 2.09 blastocysts was transferred per replacement. One hundred twenty-five (59.2%) clinical pregnancies were established, which included 23 sets of twins and 5 triplet gestations. Two sets of monozygotic twins were identified after the replacement of a single thawed blastocyst (1.6%). The age of the patient at the time of cryopreservation ( Conclusion(s) Cryopreserved and thawed blastocysts demonstrated a similar potential for implantation when compared with fresh pre-embryos on day 3. On the basis of these results, the blastocyst stage of development appears to be optimal for clinical freeze–thaw trials.
Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control

Motor control is the study of how organisms make accurate goal-directed movements. Here we consider two problems that the motor system must solve in order to achieve such control. The first problem is that sensory feedback is noisy and delayed, which can make movements inaccurate and unstable. The second problem is that the relationship between a motor command and the movement it produces is variable, as the body and the environment can both change. A solution is to build adaptive internal models of the body and the world. The predictions of these internal models, called forward models because they transform motor commands into sensory consequences, can be used to both produce a lifetime of calibrated movements, and to improve the ability of the sensory system to estimate the state of the body and the world around it. Forward models are only useful if they produce unbiased predictions. Evidence shows that forward models remain calibrated through motor adaptation: learning driven by sensory prediction errors.
Uncommon Placement: Reading Sexuality and Masochism in the 19th Century Commonplace Book

On the commonplace book of American author and benefactor of Yale University, John William Sterling. "For Sterling, the commonplace book acts as a technology of the self. He subjects himself to the self-discipline elicited by the commonplace book’s form and function, relishing in extreme exercises of reading, writing and oration. The commonplace book not only supplements the strikethroughs and gaps in Sterling’s self-representation in his journal, with literary indications of affect and (sexual) taste, but also acts as the very arena of his masochistic, pleasurable submission to academic toil. In my analysis, I propose a way of thinking of the commonplace book as a site of sexuality itself, as both the means and presentation of an engagement with excessive intellectual labor, which is itself experienced as masochistic pleasure."
The Effect of a Prolonged Acting Form of Propanthe-Line Bromide (Pro-Banthine) on Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Gastric Juice as Observed in Forty-Eight-Hour Gastric Analysis

Summary 1.The effect of a long acting preparation of propantheline bromide on the acidity of gastric secretion has been evaluated in 32 patients with peptic ulcer. 2.A daily dosage of 60 mg., given in 30-mg. doses at 12-hour intervals, produced a distinct reduction in the acidity of gastric contents in 9 out of 16 patients, the pH readings reaching 3 and 4 in many consecutive samples. 3.A daily dosage of 120 mg., given in two 60-mg. doses, caused a striking decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in 6 patients out of 8 tested. In most of these patients' samples, the pH readings were in the vicinity of 3. In 1 patient the pH remained close to 4 for 9 hours, and in another between 3.5 and 4.5 for 11 hours. 4.At a daily dosage of 240 mg., given in two 120-mg. doses, 6 patients showed sustained reduction in acidity, the pH remaining in the vicinity of 4 throughout the day and night. 5.No side effects were noted in patients receiving two 30-mg. doses. Two of the 8 patients who received 60 mg. twice daily complained of dryness of the mouth, and at the dosage level of 120 mg. twice daily 6 patients reported this effect. No other side reactions were noted. 6.It has been noted, clinically, that 60 mg. of propantheline bromide given twice daily is tolerated by most patients, and that dryness of the mouth, the only side effect, is usually transitory. 7.It has been concluded that the prolonged acting form of propantheline bromide, administered in appropriate doses, produces prolonged suppression of gastric acidity.
Local Thermal Measurements of Impinging Liquid Jets With an Angled Confining Wall for Power Electronics Cooling

The local surface temperature, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number were measured for an inline array of circular, normal jets of single-phase, liquid water impinging on a copper block with a common outlet for spent flow, and an experimental 2-D surface map was obtained by translating the jet array relative to the sensors. The effects of variation in jet height, jet pitch, confining wall angle, and average jet Reynolds number were investigated. A strong interaction between the effects of the geometric parameters was observed, and a 5° confining wall was seen to be an effective method of managing the spent flow for jet impingement cooling of power electronics. The maximum average heat transfer coefficient of 13,100W=m2K and average Nusselt number of 67.7 were measured at an average jet Reynolds number of 14,000.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Simultaneous Exposure of Phenethyl Propionate-Eugenol (7:3) and Virgin Female Japanese Beetles as a Lure

Captures of Popillia japonica Newman in traps baited with phenethyl propionate + eugenol (7:3), virgin females, the chemical mixture plus the females, and no lure were compared. Exposure of the chemical mixture and the females in the same trap did not significantly change the number of males or the total number of beetles captured from those captured by females alone. However, the mixture in the same trap with females did increase the capture of females over that by either lure alone.
A Study of the Effect of Hachimi-jio-gan on Painful Muscle Cramps (Komuragaeri)

肝硬変では150例中48%と高頻度に有痛性の限局性筋痙攣であるこむら返りを認めた。しかも, 肝硬変の非代償期でこむら返りの合併頻度が76.7%と, 代償期36.4%に比べ高かった。こむら返りの治療として, 八味地黄丸1日5gまたは7.5gをこむら返りを伴う肝硬変31例 (代償期15例, 非代償期16例) に4週間投与し, 全例にこむら返りの改善 (うち消失61.3%) を認めた。その上, 下肢の振動覚検査を施行の5例で, 八味地黄丸投与後全例こむら返りの改善と同時に振動覚閾値の改善を認めた。また八味地黄丸はこむら返りを伴う肝硬変11例での比較試験で, 五苓散 (改善率36.4%) や芍薬甘草湯 (改善率54.5%) に比べ有意に改善率が高かった。メコバラミン投与無効のこむら返りを認める6例に, 八味地黄丸投与後全例こむら返りの改善を認めた。以上より, 八味地黄丸は肝硬変のこむら返りの治療として, 病態に関係なく投与でき, 極めて有用であった。
Psychopharmacologic Agents in the Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders

The success of psychoactive agents in management of psychoses has directed attention to prevention of psychiatric disorders. A number of substances are said to be effective in prophylaxis, but the claims await substantiation in controlled studies and preventive pharmacotherapy in general awaits a clearer understanding of etiology.
Technics and complications of elective vasectomy: the role of spermatic granuloma in spontaneous recanalization

Schmidt SS. Technics and complications of elective vasectomy. The role of spermatic granuloma in spontaneous recanalization. Fertil Steril 1966;17(4):467-82. "If the proximal end of the vas is ligated, the ligature may either cut through or dissolve, allowing a blowout or expulsion of spermatozoa."
Influence of a purposefully negotiated season of sport education on one teacher and his pupils

A small body of previous research suggests that teachers who purposefully negotiated the physical education curriculum empowered their pupils and enhanced the quality of their experience. The purpo...
Deciphering the Ligand Exchange Process on Thiolate Monolayer Protected Au38(SR)24 Nanoclusters

Ligand exchange reactions are used widely to modify and tune the properties of thiolate monolayer protected nanoclusters. We employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the ligand exchange process on the Au38(SH)24 nanocluster. The Au38 cluster consists of eight possible unique sites for ligand exchange, including six sites from the dimeric staple motifs and two sites from monomeric units. The most favorable site for ligand exchange is found to be between a core gold atom and the −SH moiety on the monomeric unit. Ligand substitution between a core gold atom and a terminal −SH group or between a terminal −SH group and a staple gold atom at both sides of the dimer units is a more favorable site for the ligand exchange process than substitution of the central −SH moiety. However, substitution of the central −SH moiety on Au38 is more favorable than for the corresponding position on Au25.
Does hyperbaric oxygen have a place in the treatment of osteomyelitis

There are several specific mechanisms by which HBO restores normal cellular processes that are compromised by hypoxia, or by which HBO augments bactericidal events. All of these are potentially applicable to, and beneficial for, the osteomyelitis patient. At the University of Texas Medical Branch, we find that early osteomyelitis is usually amenable to appropriate medical and surgical therapy. Adjunctive HBO is generally reserved for treatment of advanced stages of osteomyelitis (3B and 4B). In addition, HBO is occasionally used when patient circumstances dictate suppression of osteomyelitis rather than definitive treatment. Our clinical impression is that HBO has a beneficial effect on treatment outcome in these selected patients. Fault-free clinical studies are difficult to perform in this complex and varied patient population. Several studies have suggested a beneficial effect with the addition of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen to usual osteomyelitis treatment regimens, whereas other clinical studies have failed to demonstrate such a benefit. No study has shown any harmful effect of adjunctive HBO on the outcome of osteomyelitis treatment. We hope that clinical researchers will continue to address this question, despite the research design problems inherent in the osteomyelitis population.
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy on eligibility for and frequency of breast conservation in stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer: surgical results of CALGB 40601 (Alliance).

It had been previously shown that patients who receive neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) are more likely to undergo breast-conserving therapy (BCT) than those who have primary surgery. However, the frequency with which patients who are not BCT-eligible prior to NST convert to BCT-eligible with treatment is unknown. To document this conversion rate in a subset of patients expected to have a high clinical response rate to NST, we studied surgical assessment and management of patients enrolled on a randomized neoadjuvant trial for stage II–III HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2 + BC)(CALGB 40601). The treating surgeon assessed BCT candidacy based on clinico-radiographic criteria both before and after NST. Definitive breast surgical management was at surgeon and patient discretion. We sought to determine (1) the conversion rate from BCT-ineligible to BCT-eligible (2) the percentage of BCT-eligible patients who chose breast conservation, and (3) the rate of successful BCT. We also evaluated surgeon-determined factors for BCT-ineligibility and the correlation between BCT eligibility and pathologic complete response (pCR). Of 292 patients with pre- and post-NST surgical assessments, 59 % were non-BCT candidates at baseline. Of the 43 % of these patients who converted with NST, 67 % opted for BCT, with an 80 % success rate. NST increased the BCT-eligible rate from 41 to 64 %. Common factors cited for BCT-ineligibility prior to NST including tumor size (56 %) and probable poor cosmetic outcome (26 %) were reduced by 67 and 75 %, respectively, with treatment, while multicentricity, the second most common factor (33 %), fell by only 16 %. Since 23 % of the BCT-eligible patients chose mastectomy, BCT was the final surgical procedure in just 40 % of the patients. Patients considered BCT-eligible both at baseline and after NST had a pCR rate of 55 %, while patients who were BCT-ineligible prior to NST had the same pCR rate (44 %) whether they converted to BCT-eligible or not. Many patients with HER2 + BC deemed ineligible for BCT at baseline can be converted to BCT-eligible with NST; excluding patients with multicentric disease substantially increases that percentage. In converted patients who opt for BCT, the success rate is similar to that of patients considered BCT-eligible at baseline. Whether a BCT-ineligible patient converts to BCT eligibility or not does not appear to affect the likelihood of achieving a pCR. Despite the efficacy of NST in this patient cohort, only 40 % of patients had successful BCT; further research into why BCT-eligible patients often opt for mastectomy is needed.
A multi-criteria decision analysis-based approach for dispatch of electric microgrids

Abstract This paper presents a decision support system (DSS) for multi-objective dispatch of an electric microgrid considering cost of operation, peak load reduction, and emissions. Discrete compromise programming (DCP) is used as the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique for providing the decision support to the distribution system operator (DSO) by ranking various alternatives based on preference of the objectives. The focus of this paper is the application of DCP-based MCDA to select feasible dispatch solutions closest to the preference of the DSO when multiple objectives are considered in the microgrid dispatch. This technique obtains non-dominated solutions in case of conflicting objectives without generating a Pareto front, and hence avoiding prohibitive computational cost. DCP can be used for MCDA in both exact and metaheuristic dispatch algorithms. Uncertainty in renewable energy forecasting and load demand is included through a scenario-based approach by sampling empirical distributions. The dispatch algorithm considers a two hour look-ahead time horizon. Simulations are performed on a notional electric microgrid with diesel generator, solar photovoltaic, and energy storage. The microgrid is based on the IEEE 13-node test feeder and the results are presented.
Measuring Noticing Within Complex Mathematics Classroom Interactions

Drawing on our work focused on developing prospective teachers’ ability to notice using unedited classroom video, we explore various ways that we might measure teacher noticing within a complex classroom context. Our work has a goal of helping prospective teachers notice high-leverage instances of student mathematical thinking that could be built upon to support student learning during a lesson. To measure changes in noticing, one approach we have used is categorizing what is noticed using the components of our noticing goal: individual students, mathematical thinking, and student-centered teacher responses. We have also measured the extent to which teachers’ noticing combines these components. Another approach we have used is measuring noticing against a set of instances that meet defined criteria—instances that the research team identified as high-leverage instances of student mathematical thinking. We discuss what each of these measurements tell us about teacher noticing and what they do not. Our goal is to raise issues for the field to consider in order to advance the work of teacher noticing.
Rochester Institute of Technology Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering CSEE&T Hall of Fame Nomination

In the fall of 1996, the Rochester Institute of Technology launched the first undergraduate software engineering program in the United States. The culmination of five years of planning, development, and review, the program was designed from the outset to prepare graduates for professional positions in commercial and industrial software development. From an initial class of 15, the ABET-accredited program has grown steadily over the intervening years until today the student body numbers over 580 undergraduates.
Checkpoint inhibitors and acute myelogenous leukemia: promises and challenges.

Introduction: Immunity, for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), has been leveraged historically in the form of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) as positive modulators of immune response have been recent major breakthroughs in solid tumors.Areas covered: Emerging concepts and clinical data with CPIs in acute Myeloid Leukemia – the focus of this review- will be discussed. CPIs can potentially be effective in absence of ‘actionable’ mutations and are expected to be effective against poor-risk AML. Immune inhibitory checkpoint molecules are upregulated in both de novo and relapsed AML. Similar data also suggest role of checkpoint molecules in mediating resistance particularly to hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, which can potentially be reversed by using checkpoint inhibitors.Expert commentary: Ongoing clinical trials in combination with HMAs are showing early promise, with doubling of response than that seen in historic controls. The optimal combinations...
PShifter: feedback-based dynamic power shifting within HPC jobs for performance

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has set a power target of 20-30MW on the first exascale machines. To achieve one exaFLOPS under this power constraint, it is necessary to manage power intelligently while maximizing performance. Most production-level parallel applications suffer from computational load imbalance across distributed processes due to non-uniform work decomposition. Other factors like manufacturing variation and thermal variation in the machine room may amplify this imbalance. As a result of this imbalance, some processes of a job reach the blocking calls, collectives or barriers earlier and wait for others to reach the same point. This waiting results in a wastage of energy and CPU cycles which degrades application efficiency and performance.We address this problem for power-limited jobs via Power Shifter (PShifter), a dual-level, feedback-based mechanism that intelligently and automatically detects such imbalance and reduces it by dynamically re-distributing a job's power budget across processors to improve the overall performance of the job compared to a naive uniform power distribution across nodes. In contrast to prior work, PShifter ensures that a given power budget is not violated. At the bottom level of PShifter, local agents monitor and control the performance of processors by actuating different power levels. They reduce power from the processors that incur substantial wait times. At the top level, the cluster agent that has the global view of the system, monitors the job's power consumption and provides feedback on the unused power, which is then distributed across the processors of the same job. Our evaluation on an Intel cluster shows that PShifter achieves performance improvement of up to 21% and energy savings of up to 23% compared to uniform power allocation, outperforms static approaches by up to 40% and 22% for codes with and without phase changes, respectively, and outperforms dynamic schemes by up to 19%. To the best of our knowledge, PShifter is the first approach to transparently and automatically apply power capping non-uniformly across processors of a job in a dynamic manner adapting to phase changes.
Standard Types of Tracer Experiments

Due to the steady state conditions discussed earlier, we assume that Vj, the size of the ith compartment (see Section 25), and qiss, the steady state amount of unlabeled material in the ith compartment, are both constant over time. This sets the stage for two different kinds of tracer studies.
Health Burden, Support Adequacy, and Depressive Symptoms in Older Men With HIV

Background and objectives Older adults with HIV face greater health burden than HIV-uninfected counterparts. Little is known about resources that might mediate the influence of physiological health burden on psychological well-being. Informed by the stress process model, we assessed the influence of multifaceted health burden indicators on depressive symptoms and evaluated the mediating effects of social support adequacy. Research design and methods This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling with data from 640 older men who participated in the Research on Older Adults with HIV study in the United States. Health burden assessment included number of age-related chronic conditions, multiple HIV-related chronic conditions, and self-rated health. Perceptions of instrumental and emotional support adequacy measured support as a coping resource. Depressed mood as assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was the indicator of psychological well-being. Results Higher incidence of age-related conditions and worse self-rated health was significantly associated with more depressed mood. Self-rated health and HIV-related conditions showed a significant indirect effect on depressed mood via emotional support adequacy. Discussion and implications Each dimension of health burden demonstrated a distinct pathway to psychological well-being for men with HIV, which should be considered when prioritizing care plans. Complementing research on medical interventions for people with HIV, these findings suggest that nonpharmacological interventions may be important for improving overall well-being.
A QoE-Optimized Power Allocation Scheme for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Wireless Video Services

The consideration of multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE) has largely been ignored in emerging Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) research. In order to address the wireless video transmission challenge in NOMA wireless networks, a QoE-optimized communication power allocation approach for downlink wireless video service is proposed in this paper. By jointly analyzing and exploring the power budget of the Base Station (BS), the physical channel constraint, and the video packet quality influence, we connect the QoE to the optimal NOMA power allocation to various video packets. In particular, an analytical QoE model is established by taking transmission rate, packet size, and video content quality into consideration. Then we prove the concavity of the QoE objective function, such that the QoE maximization problem can be solved by finding the optimal power allocation array for all User Equipments (UEs) in the system. An optimized power allocation algorithm is proposed in the spectrum- shared power domain NOMA system based on a light- weighted binary search scheme. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that comparing with the conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) scheme, the proposed QoE-optimized power allocation method in spectrum-shared NOMA can drastically improve the system QoE performance regardless of the number of UEs in the service. Furthermore, the proposed method also provides desirable QoE when UEs have different video compression rate-distortion requirements.
Clostridioides difficile Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease/End-Stage Renal Disease

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major health-care burden and increasingly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increased antibiotic use, alteration in host defenses, and gastric acid suppression are some of the etiologies for increased risk of CDI in these populations. Patients with CKD/ESRD have a higher risk of initial episode, recurrence, and development of severe CDI than those without CKD or ESRD. Diagnosis and management of CDI in patients with CKD/ESRD are similar to that in the general population. The mortality, length of stay, and health-care costs are higher in patients with CDI and CKD/ESRD. Antimicrobial stewardship with reduction in antibiotic use along with infection-control measures such as contact isolation and hand hygiene with soap and water is essential in the control and prevention of CDI in patients with CKD/ESRD.
Security in Ungoverned Spaces and the Oil Find in Turkana, Kenya

In this paper I examine the recent oil find in Turkana, northern Kenya, considering how it may affect patterns of conflict and insecurity. The largest county in Kenya, it is occupied mainly by pastoralists, is remote, loosely governed, and suffers chronic insecurity. Approximately one in three Turkana are armed, obtaining guns that enter the county mainly from conflict rife neighbouring countries, and use these weapons in livestock raiding and conflict over pasture and water resources. The discovery of oil in Turkana in 2012 brought hopes of economic growth, but also fears of conflict, and the demise of pastoralists due to encroachment upon their communal land and resources. Currently 80% of Turkana’s land has been unlawfully leased for oil prospecting. This work focuses on security and safety in this context arguing that the oil find might not benefit pastoralists, and could bring new types of armed resource based conflict and crime, which could destabilise the region.
Effect of Weight at Castration on Steer Performance on the Feedlot

One hundred eighty-eight male calves were randomly assigned to one of five treatments at about 6 wk of age t o determine the effect of castration at different weights on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Calves were castrated at 70, 230. 320 or 410 kg or left intact. All calves received a 36-mg zeranol implant 6 0 d postweaning and were re-implanted every 56 d for the duration of the trial (196 d). Animals were slaughtered between 14 and 15 mo of age. lntact males gained faster (P .10) in average daily gain (ADG) or feed efficiency (F/G) for males castrated at 70, 230 or 410 kg. However, castration at 320 kg depressed (P .10) from those castrated at 320 or 410 kg. Tenderness of steaks from animals castrated at 70 kg was greater (P .10) from the intact males. (
CO2 Corrosion Inhibitors Performance at Deposit-Covered Carbon Steel and Their Adsorption on Different Deposits

The efficiency of inhibitors to prevent under deposit corrosion of carbon steel and their adsorption on aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, and silica sand deposits have been evaluated using electro...