cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Artist in American Society: The Formative Years, 1790-1860

What was the place of the artist in a new society? How would he thrive where monarchy, aristocracy, and an established church those traditional patrons of painting, sculpture, and architecture were repudiated so vigorously? Neil Harris examines the relationships between American cultural values and American society during the formative years of American art and explores how conceptions of the artist's social role changed during those years."
The effects of relative source strength and signal-to-noise ratio on angular resolution of antennas

High angular resolution is a desirable property of mapping and reconnaissance radar systems. The synthetic-aperture principle reduced the beamwidth of airborne radar by as much as two orders of magnitude. Notwithstanding the long interest in the subject, a quantitative relationship is lacking between beamwidth and resolution. This paper is an attempt to overcome this deficiency. Among its several results, it is shown that the angular resolution of synthetic-aperture radar can be considerably poorer than expected. It is also shown that a modest tapering of the synthetic aperture in those cases offers significant improvement.
ADVANCED PERKINSUS MARINUS INFECTIONS IN CRASSOSTREA ARIAKENSIS MAINTAINED UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Abstract The Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis, has been under investigation since the early 1990s for potential use in restoring the commercial harvest or for aquaculture of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Initial studies focusing on C. ariakensis documented a significant level of tolerance to the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, a pathogen found in almost all reaches of the Bay and widely acknowledged as one of the main reasons for the decline in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, harvest since the late 1980s. Crassostrea ariakensis was demonstrated to acquire P. marinus, however infection intensities, as measured using Ray's thioglycollate medium assay indices, generally were found to be light. As part of a series of experiments to study potential impacts on the Chesapeake Bay region of pathogens found in C. ariakensis in Asia, a challenge experiment was conducted to study the pathogenicity of Perkinsus olseni to C. ariakensis. During this study, we observed the acquisition of mod...
A New Species of Mexican Tinotus From the Refuse Piles of Atta Ants, Including an Annotated World Catalog of Tinotus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Aleocharini)

Abstract Tinotus refusus, new species, is described based on specimens collected from refuse piles of Atta ants from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. This is the second recorded instance of Tinotus collected from Atta refuse piles and likely represents a species specific to this habitat. An annotated world catalog of Tinotus is also presented with lectotype designations for T. binarius Casey, T. brunneus Casey, T. carnivorus (Cameron), T. castaneus Cameron, T. caviceps Casey, T. cavicollis Sharp, T. coelebs Casey, T. densissimus Bernhauer, T. densiventris Casey, T. flavescens Sharp, T. fusinus Casey, T. imbricatus Casey, T. indicus Cameron, T. kashmiricus Cameron, T. pallidus Casey, T. paratus Casey, T. parvicornis Casey, T. pectinellus Casey, T. rufipennis Cameron, T. texanus Casey, and T. trisectus Casey. Tinotus is transferred from the Hoplandriini to the Aleocharini based on numerous shared characters that likely represent synapomorphies for the Aleocharini.
Spinal Cord Lesions in Tuberous Sclerosis

Spinal cord involvement is not widely recognized as part of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Necropsy study of the spinal cord from 2 patients revealed abnormalities in both. These consisted of clusters of abnormal fiber-forming astrocytes in gray and in white matter, bizarre giant glial forms in white matter in one patient, and neuronal loss. Myelin sheaths in subpial zones were also swollen and slightly fragmented in one patient. Reports of similar studies are sparse. Some investigators have also noted glial proliferation and white matter changes, although the latter most likely represented Wallerian degeneration.
Low Potential Cytochrome C550 Function in Cyanobacteria and Algae

Low potential cytochrome c550 has been found in a variety of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms from aquatic habitats. The amino acid sequence reveals regions of striking similarity to regions of cytochrome c553 which has a high redox potential and functions as an electron donor to Photosystem I. Parts of the gene for one of these cytochromes have been used in the formation of the gene for the other cytochrome. We have found cytochrome c550 to be rapidly autooxidized at very low O2 concentrations and, under anaerobic conditions, to be rapidly reduced by ferredoxin II. In some genera of cyanobacteria, cytochrome c550 and ferredoxin II increase in concentration as the cell density rises to the point of limiting the availability of light and oxygen. Evidence will be presented which suggests that this cytochrome functions in the anaerobic disposal of electrons from carbohydrate reserves which are dissimilated to supply ATP for cell maintenance in the absence of light and oxygen.
In Situ CO2 Capture Using CaO/γ-Al2O3 Washcoated Monoliths for Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift Reaction

In situ capture of CO₂ allows the thermodynamically constrained water gas shift (WGS) process to operate at higher temperatures (i.e., 350 C) where reaction kinetics are more favorable. Dispersed CaO/γ-Al₂O₃ was investigated as a sorbent for in situ CO₂ capture for an enhanced water gas shift application. The CO₂ adsorbent (CaO/γ-Al₂O₃) and WGS catalyst (Pt/γ-Al₂O₃) were integrated as multiple layers of washcoats on a monolith structure. CO₂ capture experiments were performed using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and a bench scale flow through reactor. Enhancement of the water gas shift (EWGS) reaction was demonstrated using monoliths (400 cells/in.2) washcoated with separate layers of dispersed CaO/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ in a flow reactor. Capture experiments in a reactor using monoliths coated with CaO/γ-Al₂O₃ indicated that increased concentrations of steam in the reactant mixture increase the capture capacity of the CO₂ adsorbent as well as the extent of regeneration. A maximum capture capacity of 0.63 mol of CO₂/kg of sorbent (for 8.4% CaO on γ-Al₂O₃ washcoated with a loading of 3.45 g/in.3 on monolith) was observed at 350 C for a reactant mixture consisting of 10% CO₂, 28% steam, and balance N₂. Hydrogen production was enhanced in the presence of monoliths coated with a layer of 1% Pt/γ-Al2O₃ and a separate layer of 9.4% CaO/γ-Al₂O₃. A greater volume of hydrogen compared to the baseline WGS case was produced over a fixed amount of time for multiple cycles of EWGS. The CO conversion was enhanced beyond equilibrium during the period of rapid CO₂ capture by the nanodispersed adsorbent. Following saturation of the adsorbent, the monoliths were regenerated (CO₂ was released) in situ, at temperatures far below the temperature required for decomposition of bulk CaCO₃. It was demonstrated that the water gas shift reaction could be enhanced for at least nine cycles with in situ regeneration of adsorbent between cycles. Isothermal regeneration with only steam was shown to be a feasible method for developing a process.
Evaluation on outcomes of different community follow-up management modes among community hypertension patients

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different community follow-up management modes in community patients with hypertension in Yuhang district of Hangzhou city,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing new management model. Methods A total of 2 187 hypertension patients were selected from 20 villages /communities in Yuhang district of Hangzhou city with stratfied random sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey in 2012. SPSS 19. 0 was used in data analyses. Results The average age of the male patients(1 088,49. 75%) was65. 23 ± 10. 19 years and that of the female patients(1 099,50. 25%) was 64. 90 ± 9. 99,without significant gender difference. The overall rates were 73. 07%,54. 78%,and 43. 80% for awareness of hypertension knowledge,adherence to medication,and behaviral change for hypertension control among the patients. The awarenss rate of hypertension know-ledge in the patients with group follow-up(82. 93%) was significantly higher than in the patients with individual follow-up(χ2= 253. 621,P 0. 001),whereas,the behaviral change rate of the patients with individual follow-up was significantly higher than that of patients with group follow-up(45. 98% vs. 36. 80%;χ2= 9. 370,P 0. 05). There was no significant difference in medication adherence among the patients under different modes of follow-up(χ2= 1. 08,P 0. 05).The highest hypertension knowledge awareness rate(99. 67%) was reported in the patients with the doctor' s home visit plus regular group follow-up,the highest medication adherence rate(88. 24%) in the patients with the doctor's home visit plus visiting a doctor in the clinic,and the highest behaviral change rate(67. 15%) in the patients with individual follow-up through telephone call. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that group follow-up is beneficial to increase awareness rate of hypertension knowledge and individual follow-up is beneficial to promote behaviral change among community hypertension patients.
Radiographic Abnormalities in Acute Pyelonephritis

AbstractThree patients with acute unilateral non-visualization on an excretory urogram revealed an unusual presentation of acute pyelonephritis. Extensive evaluation, including sequential renal scans in 1 patient, documented the restoration of normal renal function. A stepwise plan of management has evolved, with diagnostic exclusion of urologic, arterial and venous obstruction.
Reducing Hospital-Acquired Infections Among the Neurologically Critically Ill

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) result in excess morbidity, mortality, and resource consumption. Immobilized, ventilator-dependent ICU patients are at the highest risk of HAI. Despite broad implementation of relevant bundles, HAI incidence in our neuro ICU remained high, particularly catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and ventilator-associated events (VAEs). We reviewed the administrative data and nosocomial infection markers (NIMs) for all neurology and cranial neurosurgery patients admitted to our neuro ICU between January 2011 and May 2014, identified and implemented interventions, and measured effects using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)-defined CAUTIs and VAEs. Interventions included (1) reviewing Foley catheter use, including indications and alternatives, and instituting daily rounds, continuously questioning the ongoing need for a catheter; (2) re-educating neuro ICU personnel in insertion and maintenance technique, introducing a new kit that simplified and standardized sterile insertion; and (3) placing a mobile CT in the neuro ICU since our patients required repeated transports for brain imaging and since we found correlations between frequencies of these transports, and both respiratory and urinary NIMS. VAEs decreased 48 %, Foley use decreased 46 %, CAUTIs decreased from 11/1000 catheter days to 6.2. Overall complication rate decreased 55 %, ICU length of stay 1.5 days, and risk-adjusted mortality 11 %. Combining a multidisciplinary approach with rigorous analysis of objective data, we decreased total HAIs by 53 % over 18 months. Key drivers were decreased urinary catheter use and decreased patient transport from the ICU for imaging.
New vaccines: challenges of discovery

Vaccines have been a major component of preventing and controlling infectious diseases. The basis for discovery of what protects is reviewed as well as new attempts in utilizing Reverse Vaccinology, RNA-RNA methods and proteome analysis are adding significantly to our knowledge. The challenge of how to define protective and defined components of microbes is still hampering efforts to discover new vaccines. Recent excitement about immunotherapy of cancer opens the way to develop vaccines against multiple malignancies.
Neoliberalism, Moralism, and Critique in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses

ABSTRACTSalman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses (1989) diagnoses Margaret Thatcher’s brand of capitalism as self-ironizing, cynical, and postmodern. This article focuses on a largely ignored portion of Rushdie’s novel—its satire of Britain’s shift from Keynes’s “dependency culture” to Thatcher’s “enterprise culture.” Citing Slavoj Zizek’s (1989) claim that cynicism is a dominant form of ideology today, the article discusses why moralistic discourses such as identity politics fail to effectively critique those cynical figures who, like Thatcher’s elite entrepreneurs, trumpet multiculturalism and satirize themselves in advance. Rushdie confronts this critical impasse by doubling down on the power of satire, exchanging the politics of blame and victimization for a form of mutually implicating humor. Rushdie’s text often blames everyone—including itself—by insisting that we are all, to different degrees, risible, mutually implicated subjects, especially in our postcolonial, neoliberal age.
Hypersensitivity Reaction of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg™) Associated with Platelet Transfusion: Two Case Reports.

Abstract Introduction Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg™) is a monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of myeloid leukemias. Mylotarg is composed of a recombinant humanized IgG4 kappa antibody conjugated with a cytotoxic antitumor antibiotic, calicheamicin. It binds specifically to the CD33 antigen, which is expressed on the surface of leukemic myeloblasts and immature normal cells of myelomonocytic lineage. It is approved for the treatment of CD33 positive AML in first relapse in patients >= 60 years of age and are not considered candidates for cytotoxic chemotherapy. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactoid reactions, anaphylactic shock, dyspnea, and severe hypotension, have been reported during clinical use of gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Infrequently, hypersensitivity reactions have been fatal. It is unknown if the risk of hypersensitivity reaction increases with administration of blood products in the same day of Mylotarg infusion. We are reporting 2 cases of severe hypersensitivity reaction to Mylotarg on 2 patients who received platelete transfusion in the same day. Case reports: Case number 1: A 75 year old male diagosed with AML with normal cytogenetics in April 2005. Relapse was noted in March 2006. He was admitted for Mylotarg infusion at a dose of 9mg/m2 which was started at 11:00 a.m. after receiving the appropriate premedications and finished at 1:00 p.m. without any signs of distress or reaction. He received 6 units of platelets at 6:40 p.m. At 1:00 a.m. the next morning he went into severe respiratory distress and died shortly after that in the ICU. Case number 2: A 68 y/o male with the history of NHL in 1991, received CHOP chemotherapy in 1991 and 1992, now has secondary AML (diagnosed in October 2005 and underwent chemo in November 2005, and relapsed after induction and consolidation. He was admitted for Mylotarg infusion. Initially he received 6 units of platelets at 8:30a.m. Mylotarg was started at 10:15a.m. and finished at 12:10p.m.No signs of distress or reaction post infusion. At 2:30 p.m. the patient started having chills, rigors with fever, tachycardia, hypertension and hypoxia (pO2 86%). The patient was treated with Solu-medrol, Benadryl, Tylenol and Demerol. The reaction ceased with no further adverse events Conclusion:Mylotarg is known to cause hypersensitivity reaction, but it is unknown if the risk of this reaction increases with blood products transfusion around the time of Mylotarg transfusion. We are reporting these 2 cases to draw attention to this serious observation.
K-12 Teacher Perceptions Regarding the Flipped Classroom Model for Teaching and Learning

A great deal of evidence can be cited from higher education literature on the effectiveness of the flipped classroom; however, very little research was discovered on the flipped classroom at the K-...
Dexrazoxane for cardioprotection in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia

Anthracyclines constitute the backbone of intensive adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Cardiotoxicity is one of its most serious adverse effects, and its incidence increases with cumulative dose. Dexrazoxane is a cardioprotective agent used in conjunction with anthracycline therapy. There is limited data of its usage in adult AML patients. We report the outcomes of six older adults at high risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity who received dexrazoxane during induction/re-induction therapy. Five had preserved left-ventricular function while two proceeded onto stem-cell transplantation. Additional investigation of dexrazoxane in adult leukemia therapy is warranted, particularly in older patients at highest risk for cardiovascular mortality.
Electrostatic melting in a single-molecule field-effect transistor with applications in genomic identification

The study of biomolecular interactions at the single-molecule level holds great potential for both basic science and biotechnology applications. Single-molecule studies often rely on fluorescence-based reporting, with signal levels limited by photon emission from single optical reporters. The point-functionalized carbon nanotube transistor, known as the single-molecule field-effect transistor, is a bioelectronics alternative based on intrinsic molecular charge that offers significantly higher signal levels for detection. Such devices are effective for characterizing DNA hybridization kinetics and thermodynamics and enabling emerging applications in genomic identification. In this work, we show that hybridization kinetics can be directly controlled by electrostatic bias applied between the device and the surrounding electrolyte. We perform the first single-molecule experiments demonstrating the use of electrostatics to control molecular binding. Using bias as a proxy for temperature, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting various concentrations of 20-nt target sequences from the Ebolavirus nucleoprotein gene in a constant-temperature environment.
Dispersion Interactions in QM/EFP

The dispersion energy term between quantum-mechanical (QM) and classical (represented by effective fragment potentials, EFP) subsystems is developed and implemented. A new formulation is based on long-range perturbation theory and uses dynamic polarizability tensors of the effective fragments and electric field integrals and orbital energies of the quantum-mechanical subsystem. No parameterization is involved. The accuracy of the QM-EFP dispersion energy is tested on a number of model systems; the average mean unsigned error is 0.8 kcal/mol or 13% with respect to the symmetry adapted perturbation theory on the S22 dataset of non-covalent interactions. The computational cost of the dispersion energy computation is low compared to the self-consistent field calculation of the QM subsystem. The dispersion energy is sensitive to the level of theory employed for the QM part and to the electrostatic interactions in the system. The latter means that the dispersion interactions in the QM/EFP method are not purely ...
Role of Duplex Ultrasound in Dialysis Access Surveillance

Dialysis access dysfunction and failure is common in the end-stage renal disease patient requiring hemodialysis. Problems included failure of access maturation, conduit injury caused by cannulation, thrombosis, inadequate volume flow, and aneurysmal degeneration. Duplex ultrasound is an accurate and useful diagnostic technique to assess dialysis access function. The detection of conduit and anastomotic stenosis, measurement of volume flow, and assessment of hand perfusion for steal syndrome is possible. Duplex scanning can provide the necessary anatomic and hemodynamic information to identify clinically important abnormalities as well as plan a remedial endovascular or open surgical interventional procedure. Measurement of access volume flow is prognostic for durable dialysis and access patency, including determining if access maturation has occurred and when to intervene for a duplex-identified access stenosis. A duplex-measured volume flow of >800 mL/min can predict successful function of a dialysis access conduit. The application of duplex surveillance after autogenous vein or prosthetic bridge graft access construction has the potential to improve patency and function in the renal failure patient whose life is dependent on ongoing hemodialysis.
Electromechanically-modulated permanent magnet antennas for wireless communication

High-frequency electromagnetic waves suffer considerable attenuation when propagating through media such as soil, rocks, human body, water, etc. However, low-frequency magnetic waves easily penetrate the aforementioned media. Earlier magnetic field communication systems typically employ current-excited coils to generate modulated magnetic fields for communication. These systems require large currents to produce detectable magnetic fields at long distances. However, the availability of rare-earth magnets with surface magnetic flux densities of 0.1–0.6 T provide current-free sources of magnetic fields that can be electromechanically modulated for long-distance magnetic communication. Here, two designs of electromechanically-modulated permanent magnet antennas are presented. In the first design, the rotational frequency of a rotor magnet was electromechanically modulated to produce modulated magnetic fields that transmit information wirelessly. In the second design, the vibrational frequency of a permanent magnet-loaded piezoelectric beam was electromechanically modulated to produce modulated magnetic fields. These magnet antennas can transmit binary data at rates of up to 8 bits/s.
Mathematics Art Music Architecture Education Culture

The international annual Bridges conference exploring Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, Architecture, Education and Culture was founded by Reza Sarhangi (1952–2016) in 1998 at a private liberal arts college in Kansas, Southwestern College. It is an annual conference, which has provided a remarkable multi-disciplinary model of collaboration between mathematics, arts and other cultural activities. The genuine efforts of many founding members of this organization provided an inspirational model throughout the past 20 years that has shaped the Bridges into one of the premier interdisciplinary conferences in the world. The conference has travelled across North America to Europe, and Asia, and hosts participants from dozens of countries around the world.
Literature and ‘Universel Reportage’ in Mallarmé’s ‘Livre’

Mallarme’s writings offer two opposing views of the press. On the one hand, ‘Crise de vers’ casts ‘universel reportage’ as the enemy of true literature. On the other hand, ‘Quant au livre’ extols t...
Ọ̀ṣun becomes Cuban: The nationalist discourse over the mulata in Cuban popular culture and religion during the nineteenth century

In Cuba, the goddess of rivers, feminine beauty and motherhood, known as Ọṣun, became equated with Cuba’s patron saint, who is portrayed as a mixed-race female known as La Virgen de la Caridad del...
Cervical spine infections

Cervical spine infections arise from a variety of etiologies including postsurgical, iatrogenic, and hematogenous routes. Clinical history, physical examinations, and diagnostic studies all play an integral role in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections. Successful treatment depends on a proper and timely diagnosis, understanding the etiology, and defining the extent to which the infectious process involves the spinal supporting and neurologic elements. Surgical treatment is required when there is abscess formation, instability, progressive kyphosis secondary to vertebral body collapse, or canal compromise with neurologic deficits.
Prohormone-Converting Enzymes

It is well established that peptide hormones are synthesized as larger peptide precursors. Initially this was demonstrated by pulse-chase studies, in vitro synthesis, and immunoprecipitation (Docherty and Steiner, 1982; Loh and Gainer, 1983, for reviews), but molecular biology has now made the sequences of a large number of hormone precursors available, for example, proopiomelanocortin (Nakanishi et al., 1979), proenkephalin (Noda et al., 1982), provasopressin (Land et al., 1982), and prooxytocin (Land et al., 1983). These sequences show certain common features (Fig. 1); in particular, the hormone sequences are bracketed by pairs of basic amino acid residues such as Lys-Arg, Lys-Lys, or Arg-Arg. The precursor forms of these hormones generally lack biological activity, so that limited proteolysis at paired basic residues is necessary to generate the hormones, followed by exopeptidase activity to remove the Lys and Arg terminal residues, which are not found in the mature peptide hormones. Carboxypeptidases (Fricker and Snyder, 1983; Hook and Loh, 1984) and aminopeptidases (Gainer et al., 1984) have been described that are capable of such modifications. However, this discussion is confined to the initial proteolysis by endopeptidases. Cleavage may be followed by other modifications such as acetylation and amidation in order to produce biological potency (Loh and Gainer, 1983, for review).
Radial Artery Tonometry is Associated With Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.

Abstract Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased arterial stiffness, as measured by an increasing radial artery augmentation index (AIX). However, it has not yet been clearly demonstrated whether AIX is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in a PAD population. Materials and methods Seventy-two patients with PAD were recruited between 2011 and 2016. Radial artery applanation tonometry was performed at a baseline visit, and the central AIX, normalized to 75 beats/min, and the peripheral AIX were calculated using pulse wave analysis. Incident major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were identified by subsequent chart review. Results Study subjects had comorbidities commonly associated with PAD including a high prevalence of hypertension (93%), hyperlipidemia (85%), coronary artery disease (39%), and diabetes mellitus (39%). During a median follow-up period of 34 mo (interquartile range 29-38), 14 patients experienced a MACE. In a univariate Cox proportional hazards model, a 10-unit increase in the peripheral AIX was significantly associated with a 54% increased rate of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.22, P = 0.02), but central AIX, normalized to 75 beats/min, was not (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.71-2.47, P = 0.37). In a multivariable model adjusted for coronary artery disease, age, and Rutherford category the peripheral AIX remained significantly associated with MACE (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.10-2.62, P = 0.02). Conclusions Increased arterial stiffness, as measured by the peripheral AIX, was independently associated with an increased rate of MACE in patients with PAD. The use of radial artery tonometry should be contemplated as a tool for risk stratification in patients with PAD.
Energy resources and the risk of conflict in shared river basins

This study examines the effect of energy resources on the chances for militarized conflict, water related conflict and cooperation events, and cooperative river treaties between pairs of states on ...
Adventures in DFT by a wavefunction theorist

The attraction density functional theory (DFT) has for electronic structure theory is that it is easier to do computationally than ab initio, correlated wavefunction methods, due to its effective one-particle structure. On the contrary, ab initio theorists insist on the ability to converge to the right answer in appropriate limits, but this requires a treatment of the reduced two-particle density matrix. DFT avoids that by appealing to an "existence" theorem (not a constructive one) that all its effects are subsummed into a DFT functional of the one-particle density. However, the existence of thousands of DFT functionals emphasizes that there is no satisfactory way to systematically improve the Kohn-Sham (KS) version as most changes in parameterization or formulation seldom lead to a new functional that is genuinely better than others. Some researchers in the DFT community try to address this issue by imposing conditions rigorously derived from exact DFT considerations, but to date, no one has shown how this route will ever lead to converged results even for the ground state, much less for all the other electronic states obtained from time-dependent DFT that are critically important for chemistry. On the contrary, coupled-cluster (CC) theory and its equation-of-motion extensions provide rigorous results for both that KS-DFT methods are attempting to emulate. How to use them and their exact formal properties to tie CC theory to an effective one-particle form is the target of this perspective. This route addresses the devil's triangle of KS-DFT problems: the one-particle spectrum, self-interaction, and the integer discontinuity.
Hippocampal knockdown of α2 nicotinic or m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in C57BL /6j male mice impairs cued fear conditioning

Acetylcholine (ACh) signaling in the hippocampus is important for behaviors related to learning, memory and stress. In this study, we investigated the role of two ACh receptor subtypes previously shown to be involved in fear and anxiety, the M1 mAChR and the α2 nAChR, in mediating the effects of hippocampal ACh on stress-related behaviors. Adeno-associated viral vectors containing short-hairpin RNAs targeting M1 or α2 were infused into the hippocampus of male C57BL/6J mice, and behavior in a number of paradigms related to stress responses and fear learning was evaluated. There were no robust effects of hippocampal M1 mAChR or α2 nAChR knockdown (KD) in the light/dark box, tail suspension, forced swim or novelty-suppressed feeding tests. However, effects on fear learning were observed in both KD groups. Short term learning was intact immediately after training in all groups of mice, but both the M1 and α2 hippocampal knock down resulted in impaired cued fear conditioning 24 h after training. In addition, there was a trend for a deficit in contextual memory the M1 mAChR KD group 24 h after training. These results suggest that α2 nicotinic and M1 muscarinic ACh receptors in the hippocampus contribute to fear learning and could be relevant targets to modify brain circuits involved in stress-induced reactivity to associated cues.
Systemic Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to a GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder Device: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Nickel hypersensitivity is a rarely reported complication of percutaneous patent foramen ovale/atrial septal defect closure. Herein, we report a case of systemic allergic contact dermatitis to nickel present in a GORE CARDIOFORM (W.L. Gore, Flagstaff, Arizona) septal occluder that resolved following explanation. To our knowledge this is the first published case of nickel hypersensitivity associated with this device. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
Experimental Data Anomaly Detection at Edge Sensor Nodes Using Physics Laws

Reported measurements by sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are subject to various anomaly due to sensor/node failures or some events in the environment. Resource scarcity in sensor nodes makes the implementation of sophisticated data anomaly detection techniques challenging in WSNs. We present a multivariate physics-based data anomaly detection technique in WSNs, and we implement the technique to measure the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique in detail. The proposed technique examines the natural relationship between various types of sensor measurements to determine the existence of any data anomaly in the node. Furthermore, the technique enables the distinction of data errors and events where a data anomaly is flagged. The technique does not require any exchange of information between neighboring sensor nodes or a central node for data anomaly detection. In a case study, we have applied the proposed technique on temperature and humidity sensor readings and have implemented using TI CC3200 Development Kit, TI BOOSTXL-SENSORS, and TI IMETER-BOOST. To evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the technique, we have manufactured various data errors and events, measured required memory footage, and metered the amount to current consumption by a sensor node. The detailed analyses have confirmed the high accuracy and efficiency in detecting and separating data errors and environmental events.
Access to Mental Healthcare in the 21st Century: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis.

Background:One of the most important aspects of receiving medical care is access to that care. For people with mental illness who have greater healthcare needs and are at risk for poor health outco...
Citizens-in-waiting: strategic naturalization delays in the USA and UAE

This article contributes to the study of conditional inclusion by examining the strategic postponement of naturalization cases in the UAE and USA. In both cases, the naturalization cases of specifi...
Direct induction of human neurons from fibroblasts carrying the neuropsychiatric 22q11.2 microdeletion reveals transcriptome- and epigenome-wide alterations

Standard methods for the creation of neuronal cells via direct induction from primary tissue use perinatal fibroblasts, which hinders the important study of patient specific genetic lesions such as those underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. To address this we developed a novel method for the direct induction of neuronal cells (induced neuronal cells, iN cells) from adult human fibroblast cells. Reprogramming fibroblasts into iN cells via recombinant virus resulted in cells that stain for markers such as MAP2 and PSA-NCAM and exhibit electrophysiological properties such as action potentials and voltage dependent sodium- and potassium currents that reveal a neuronal phenotype. Transcriptome and chromatin analysis using RNA-Seq, microRNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq, respectively, further confirm neuronal character. 22q11.2 Deletion-Syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a large 3 million base-pair heterozygous deletion on human chromosome 22 and is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric phenotypes such as schizophrenia and autism. We leverage the direct-iN cell model for the study of genetic neurodevelopmental conditions by presenting gene-by-gene as well as network-wide effects of the 22q11DS deletion on gene expression in human neuronal cells, on several levels of functional genomics analysis. Some of the genes within the 22q11DS deletion boundary exhibit unexpected cell-type-specific changes in transcript levels, and genome-wide we can detect dysregulation of calcium channel subunit genes and other genes known to be involved in autism or schizophrenia, such as NRXN1, as well synaptic pathways. This genome-wide effect on gene expression can also be observed at the microRNA and chromatin levels, showing that the iN cells have indeed converted to a neuronal phenotype at several regulatory levels: chromatin, protein-coding RNAs and microRNAs, revealing relevant disease pathways and genes. We present this model of inducing neurons from fibroblasts as a useful general resource to study the genetic and molecular basis of normal and abnormal brain development and brain function.
The Early Development of Intellectual Property Institutions in the United States

The U.S. was a pioneer in establishing the world's first modern intellectual property system. That system was distinguished by the provision of broad access to, and strict enforcement of, property rights in new inventions, coupled with the requirement of public disclosure, and it was effective at stimulating the growth of a market for technology and technical change more generally. Far from being static, fundamental modifications were introduced over time in response to changing circumstances. That such adjustments so often proved to be constructive owes partly to a private market being a central feature of the system, and partly to the democratic structure of U.S. institutions.
Fast and energy-efficient asynchronous level converters for multi-VDD design [CMOS ICs]

Multi-VDD design effectively reduces power consumption but the need for level conversion imposes delay and energy penalties, limiting the potential gains. In this work, we describe new level converting circuits that consume 8-50% less energy at equivalent or better speeds compared to those available in the literature. We suggest that level converters should be evaluated largely by maximum speed as slower level converters waste valuable timing slack that can be used to reduce total system energy. Based on this metric, the new structures offer up to 17% faster operation than conventional designs. We also propose embedding functionality into level converters. For typical values of the low VDD, this technique can reduce delay by 15% at constant energy or lower energy by up to 30% at fixed delay.
A Preview of Regression

This final class reviews ideas covered in the first 10 lectures, and introduces the methods that will be covered in courses that deal with regression analysis. In particular, we consider how to fit regression lines that model the dependence between two variables. An underlying theme is the importance of the assumption of independence.
Erythrocyte fatty acids and fatty acid synthase expression in benign and malignant prostate

A40 Objectives: Dysregulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) may have early influences on prostate carcinogenesis. FAS, a multienzyme that catalyzes de novo fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed in prostate cancer, and is correlated with greater disease severity. In normal cells FAS transcription is regulated by nutrients, including fatty acids. However, in cancer cell lines FAS transcription becomes autonomously regulated. In the current analyses, we address the hypothesis that FAS is overexpressed in malignant as opposed to benign prostate tissue and that FAS expression is associated with variations in erythrocyte (ERC) fatty acid concentrations. Methods: In this translational study, we used population methods to investigate a biologic mechanism for cancer progression. Information on diet and other risk factors was obtained from consented patients referred for clinical suspicion of prostate cancer. Blood specimens were obtained prior to prostate biopsy, and ERC fatty acid concentrations were determined using GC-MS. Sections of residual formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were prepared, including benign tissue from biopsy-positive cases and biopsy-negative controls and when present, invasive adenocarcinoma. FAS expression was assessed by standard immunohistochemistry, and the slides were scored for percent of glands stained, average staining intensity and range of staining intensity. Summary scores were calculated and the difference in FAS expression between tissues was determined by t-test. General linear regression was used to model the association between FAS expression in benign, surrounding benign and malignant tissue and ERC fatty acid levels. Final regression models were adjusted for age, total caloric intake and PSA. Results: Data were analyzed for 148 controls with biopsies negative for tumor and 70 incident prostate cancer cases; 61 of whom had adequate tumor and benign tissue for comparison. Mean FAS staining was significantly greater in malignant tissue (8.54 +/- 4.29 as compared to both surrounding benign (3.46 +/-2.86) and benign tissue from biopsy negative controls (3.28 +/- 2.71, p Conclusions: Our results show that there was no association between ERC fatty acid levels and prostate tumor tissue FAS expression. However, ERC fatty acid levels were associated with alterations of FAS expression in the benign component of men with cancer. Overall, our findings suggest that in benign tissue FAS expression may still be regulated via nutritional controls providing a mechanism by which fatty acids may alter risk of progression of prostatic epithelium from the benign to the malignant state.
Saving Savings Clauses from Judicial Preemption

Savings clauses can be found in an array of federal statutes governing public health, welfare, and environmental quality. Like explicit preemption provisions, the function of a savings clause is to differentiate the boundaries of federal and state authority. Unlike preemption clauses, however, savings clauses strike the balance in favor of the states and state law remedies. Despite the existence of savings clauses, many of the Supreme Court's recent preemption opinions have invalidated state laws that are more stringent than the federal regulatory threshold, based on a crabbed interpretation of statutory language, a myopic view of congressional purposes, or both. Even in areas within the states' traditional police powers, industries and developers have been extraordinarily successful in asserting federal preemption to eliminate burdens imposed by state programs. This article seeks to identify preemption patterns and principles from the Supreme Court's caselaw on statutory savings clauses. A comparison of caselaw in four areas - pollution, workplace safety, products liability, and agricultural activities - indicates a judicial willingness to provide some redress to injured persons through state tort law but, at the same time, an underlying bias against protective state regulations. The disparate treatment cannot be explained by distinctions in the terms of the savings clauses themselves; the text is so similar that not even the "most dedicated hair-splitter" can distinguish them. Rather, the Court apparently views positive state enactments and regulatory regimes as a greater threat to the implementation of federal programs. As a result, broad spheres of activity have been left unaddressed where state regulation is prohibited but federal regulation is minimal or absent, and, in some cases, citizens are even worse off than they were before the advent of federal laws protecting human health and the environment. The article concludes that, if savings clauses were given appropriate weight in the regulatory context, as they generally are in the common law context, a pattern of cooperative, polyphonic federalism would be more likely to emerge, as state and federal entities would be motivated and empowered to capitalize on each of their institutional strengths and to craft coordinated regulatory solutions.
Hydrogen bonds in molecular mechanics force fields

This chapter reviews formulation and parametrization of molecular mechanics force fields with special attention to technical and inherent problems. Most striking among the shortcomings is the inadequacy of the simple point charge description as a means to describe energy and forces of interactions between polar molecules and between polar groups in macromolecules, including hydrogen bonds. The current state of efforts to improve the description of polar interactions is discussed.
Dynamic circuit generation for Boolean satisfiability in an object-oriented design environment

We apply our object-oriented design environment PAM-Blox to the dynamic generation of circuits for reconfigurable computing. Our approach combines the structural hardware design environment with commercial synthesis of finite state machines (FSMs). The PAM-Blox environment features a well-defined hardware object interface and the ability to control the placement of hand-optimized circuits. We integrate the advantages of an object-oriented design environment with full control over placement at every level of abstraction, with commercial FSM synthesis and optimization. As a driving application, we consider reconfigurable hardware accelerators for the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem. These accelerators require a fast compilation of circuits consisting of instance-specific data paths and control automata. By providing FSM optimization and control over placement, our design environment enables the maximization of performance.
Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement

Review of: "Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement," by Robert P. J. Cooney Jr.
Criticality of Seven Specialty Metals

Evaluating metal criticality is a topic that addresses future metals supply and that has inspired research in corporations, academic institutions, and governments. In this article, we apply a comprehensive criticality methodology to seven specialty metals—scandium (Sc), strontium (Sr), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), and bismuth (Bi)—at the national and global levels for 2008. The results are presented along with uncertainty estimates in a three-dimensional “criticality space” comprised of supply risk (SR), vulnerability to supply restriction (VSR), and environmental implications (EI) axes. The SR score is the highest for antimony over the medium term (i.e., 5 to 10 years), followed very closely by bismuth and thallium; for the long term (i.e., a few decades), the highest SR is for thallium, followed very closely by antimony. Strontium and barium, followed very closely by mercury, have the lowest SR over the medium term, and mercury has the lowest SR over the long term. Mercury has the highest EI score. For VSR, thallium is the most vulnerable at both the national level (for the United States) and global level, followed by strontium at both levels. In general, specialty metals are found to possess a unique mix of sparse data, toxicity concerns (in some cases), and inadequate or nonexistent substitutes for a number of specialized uses, a situation that would seem to demand increased effort in acquiring the information needed to characterize specialty metal criticality with more rigor and transparency than is currently possible.
Iron Uptake by Symbiosomes from Soybean Root Nodules

To identify possible iron sources for bacteroids in planta, soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) symbiosomes (consisting of the bacteroid-containing peribacteroid space enclosed by the peribacteroid membrane [PBM]) and bacteroids were assayed for the ability to transport iron supplied as various ferric [Fe(III)]-chelates. Iron presented as a number of Fe(III)-chelates was transported at much higher rates across the PBM than across the bacteroid membranes, suggesting the presence of an iron storage pool in the peribacteroid space. Pulse-chase experiments confirmed the presence of such an iron storage pool. Because the PBM is derived from the plant plasma membrane, we reasoned that it may possess a ferric-chelate reductase activity similar to that present in plant plasma membrane. We detected ferric-chelate reductase activity associated with the PBM and suggest that reduction of Fe(III) to ferrous [Fe(II)] plays a role in the movement of iron into soybean symbiosomes.