cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trauma, attentional biases, and revictimization among young adults.

Individuals with previous histories of trauma are at increased risk for subsequent victimization and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders. Attentional biases to threat-related stimuli are thought to impact one’s ability to recognize future risk in his or her environment and may explain high rates of revictimization. Although the literature has identified three possible types of attentional biases among victims of trauma (i.e., interference, facilitation, and avoidance), findings are mixed. The current study examined attentional biases to threats among a sample of men and women with no, some, and multiple incident interpersonal and non-interpersonal trauma histories. It was hypothesized that those with multiple incident interpersonal trauma histories would demonstrate an interference effect (i.e., slower response times to threat-related words). Participants (N = 309) were 18- to 29-year-old college students. Self-report measures assessed trauma history, posttr...
High-pressure phase equilibria in the system glucose + fructose + water + ethanol + carbon dioxide

Abstract Phase equilibria in the five component system glucose + fructose + water + ethanol + carbon dioxide have been measured at temperatures between 318.15 and 353.15 K and pressures between 8 and 17 MPa. A high-pressure vapor—liquid recirculation apparatus was used for the measurements. The results show that it is possible to separate glucose and fructose using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol, starting with aqueous solutions of the two sugars. The results also indicate that the best separation is obtained near the three phase (LL 2 V) line.
Stress, coping styles, and optimism: are they related to meaning of education in students’ lives?

We explored the meanings that undergraduate students make of their education and how these meanings relate to students’ perceived stress, styles of coping with stress, and optimism. Participants completed a meaning of education questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the COPE (a measure of coping styles), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised. As expected, optimists were less likely, and students who used disengagement coping styles were more likely, to see education as a source of stress or as an escape. Emotion-focused coping positively predicted several meanings of education, including seeing the university experience as providing opportunities for social connections, for learning and for self-development. These and other findings are discussed in terms of student success in college.
Chemical Structure and Sterilizing Activity of N,N’-Alkylenebis-(l-Aziridinecarboxamides) in Screw-Worm Flies

A homologous series of compounds of formula [CH2CH2NCONH]2(CH2)n when n is 4-10, was tested topically and orally against adult screw-worm flies, Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Coquerel). Lengthening the aliphatic chain tended to decrease toxicity; lengthening the aliphatic chain beyond n = 7 tended to decrease chemosterilant action.
Interplay of Mre11 Nuclease with Dna2 plus Sgs1 in Rad51-Dependent Recombinational Repair

The Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex initiates IR repair by binding to the end of a double-strand break, resulting in 5′ to 3′ exonuclease degradation creating a single-stranded 3′ overhang competent for strand invasion into the unbroken chromosome. The nuclease(s) involved are not well understood. Mre11 encodes a nuclease, but it has 3′ to 5′, rather than 5′ to 3′ activity. Furthermore, mutations that inactivate only the nuclease activity of Mre11 but not its other repair functions, mre11-D56N and mre11-H125N, are resistant to IR. This suggests that another nuclease can catalyze 5′ to 3′ degradation. One candidate nuclease that has not been tested to date because it is encoded by an essential gene is the Dna2 helicase/nuclease. We recently reported the ability to suppress the lethality of a dna2Δ with a pif1Δ. The dna2Δ pif1Δ mutant is IR-resistant. We have determined that dna2Δ pif1Δ mre11-D56N and dna2Δ pif1Δ mre11-H125N strains are equally as sensitive to IR as mre11Δ strains, suggesting that in the absence of Dna2, Mre11 nuclease carries out repair. The dna2Δ pif1Δ mre11-D56N triple mutant is complemented by plasmids expressing Mre11, Dna2 or dna2K1080E, a mutant with defective helicase and functional nuclease, demonstrating that the nuclease of Dna2 compensates for the absence of Mre11 nuclease in IR repair, presumably in 5′ to 3′ degradation at DSB ends. We further show that sgs1Δ mre11-H125N, but not sgs1Δ, is very sensitive to IR, implicating the Sgs1 helicase in the Dna2-mediated pathway.
Radiation-associated venous stenosis: endovascular treatment options☆

We report a case of radiation-induced venous stenosis after pelvic irradiation to treat Paget's disease of the scrotum. During therapeutic anticoagulation, significant left lower extremity swelling developed due to an iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). After percutaneous thrombectomy and thrombolysis, a high-grade stenosis was uncovered in the left external iliac vein, which was treated with an endoluminal stent. However, ipsilateral DVT recurred 2 months later despite continued anticoagulation therapy. Repeat treatment was successful. Pelvic radiation is a potential cause of iliac vein stenosis. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy may have a useful role in management of complex iliofemoral DVT.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of the liganded lysine, arginine, ornithine-binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium

The periplasmic binding protein LAO from Salmonella typhimurium, which is involved in lysine, arginine and ornithine transport, has been crystallized together with one of its ligands, arginine (LAO-Arg). Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of LAO-Arg crystal show that it belongs to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and has the unit cell dimensions of a = 37.65 A, b = 59.45 A, c = 115.91 A. Crystals of the LAO-Arg complex diffract beyond 2.0 A resolution.
Three-Pole 1.3–2.4-GHz Diplexer and 1.1–2.45-GHz Dual-Band Filter With Common Resonator Topology and Flexible Tuning Capabilities

In this paper, a third-order tunable diplexer and a third-order tunable dual-band bandpass filter with flexible tuning capabilities and high selectivity are proposed. Both the diplexer and dual-band filter consist of two passbands that share a common resonator for size reduction. By adding tuning elements in the middle and ends of the common resonator, the resonant frequencies of the even and odd modes can be independently tuned, thus offering flexible tuning for multi-band operations. Also, by adding extra resonators next to the common resonator, high-order tunable multi-band filters can be obtained with higher stopband suppression. The 1.3-2.4-GHz tunable diplexer shows that the two channels can be either independently tuned or simultaneously tuned as desired. The two channels cover a fractional tuning range of 34% and 18.6%, respectively, while keeping high stopband suppressions, higher isolation, and good input impedance matching. Similarly, the 1.1-2.45-GHz tunable dual-band filter shows independent and simultaneous tuning capability operating with good impedance matching and high stopband suppression.
Diabetes-altered gene expression in rat skeletal muscle corrected by oral administration of vanadyl sulfate

Treatment with vanadium, a representative of a class of antidiabetic compounds, alleviates diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Oral administration of vanadium compounds in animal models and ...
Decision-Making Process Reported by Medicare Patients Who Had Coronary Artery Stenting or Surgery for Prostate Cancer

Background Patients facing decisions should be told about their options, have the opportunity to discuss the pros and cons, and have their preferences reflected in the final decision.
Fiber composition of eastern gamagrass forage grown on a degraded, acid soil

With increasing emphasis on sustainable agriculture, there is renewed interest in the use of native plants as alternative sources for food, fiber, and soil improvement. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] is a native, warm-season, perennial grass found in the eastern United States that has been used for forage and soil improvement. The objective of this research was to investigate the forage composition and digestibility of eastern gamagrass grown on a degraded, acid soil at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD. Eastern gamagrass forage samples were harvested at time of heading in July of 1997, 1998, and 1999 from plants grown on a degraded hillside with increasing soil acidity and decreasing surface soil depth from the bottom to top of the hillslope and analyzed for fiber, crude protein, and in situ digestibility. Year of harvest had the greatest effect on forage composition. Fiber composition was related to slope position and soil acidity. Plants were generally high in fiber as reflected by high neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, but were not particularly high in lignin. Crude protein (6-11%) and digestibility were good. In general, forage quality, as indicated by lower fiber (NDF, ADF, lignin) and higher digestibility and crude protein, increased as soil condition degraded and environmental stress (deficit rainfall) increased. Thus, eastern gamagrass is comparable in forage composition and digestibility to many forages currently used even when grown on poor soil and under environmental stress.
Does Legal Tradition Affect Competition Policy Performance

During the early 1990's, in the early days of the worldwide competition policy boom, Spencer Waller and Joshua Newberg argued that difficulties inherent in grafting common law concepts—such as antitrust—onto non common law traditions would undermine the administration of competition law in non common law tradition countries. Recent independent survey data on the performance of competition programs in 102 nations shows deplorable differences in performance, lending some weight to the Waller-Newberg thesis. This article tests whether differences in legal tradition contributes to the observed variance in competition agency performance. A careful understanding of the influence of legal tradition and other factors underscoring the relevance, shortcomings and problems of competition policy performance are useful for determining whether competition programs should be at all reproduced elsewhere, whether they should be modified prior to adoption or whether they should be adopted verbatim. Familiarity with perform...
Walking, feeding and intraspecific interaction of larvae of Metaseiulus occidentalis, Typhlodromus pyri, Neoseiulus fallacis and Amblyseius andersoni held with and without eggs of Tetranychus urticae

Larvae of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt), Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) and Amblyseius andersoni Chant exhibited different activity levels when held on apple leaf or on tile arenas and given or not given eggs of Tetranychus urticae Koch and water (tiles only). M. occidentalis larvae held without prey exhibited high levels of walking (includes searching) during 24 hours of evaluation, whereas M. occidentalis larvae held with prey fed quickly and then became less active. Fed larvae of M. occidentalis were less active on leaves than tile. Larvae of T. pyri on leaves had a very low frequency of walking, almost never fed and quickly assumed a resting position during development. While much less active than M. occidentalis, fed and unfed T. pyri larvae walked more on tiles than leaves before resting. Larvae of N. fallacis and A. andersoni fed at low rates and were similarly active on tiles and leaves. Free water increased walking by M. occidentalis, A. andersoni and T. pyri on tile but not N. fallacis. M. occidentalis larvae interacted 5–7 times more often than larvae of the other three species. Cannibalism or scavenging was rarely seen and then only for M. occidentalis larvae. Larvae of all four mites walked, fed and interacted much more in the first 12 hours than the second 12 hours of tests, except unfed M. occidentalis. Unfed M. occidentalis larvae did not molt to protonymphs but unfed larvae of the other three species did. Unfed and fed protonymphs of all four species walked more at 4 hours after molting than larvae at 12–24 hours. Unfed and fed protonymphs of T. pyri or A. andersoni had similar walking frequencies, but unfed protonymphs of N. fallacis were more active than fed ones. Trends in larval activities are discussed relative to the life history of each species.
Comparison of Interpolating Methods for Image Resampling

When resampling an image to a new set of coordinates (for example, when rotating an image), there is often a noticeable loss in image quality. To preserve image quality, the interpolating function used for the resampling should be an ideal low-pass filter. To determine which limited extent convolving functions would provide the best interpolation, five functions were compared: A) nearest neighbor, B) linear, C) cubic B-spline, D) high-resolution cubic spline with edge enhancement (a = -1), and E) high-resolution cubic spline (a = -0.5). The functions which extend over four picture elements (C, D, E) were shown to have a better frequency response than those which extend over one (A) or two (B) pixels. The nearest neighbor function shifted the image up to one-half a pixel. Linear and cubic B-spline interpolation tended to smooth the image. The best response was obtained with the high-resolution cubic spline functions. The location of the resampled points with respect to the initial coordinate system has a dramatic effect on the response of the sampled interpolating function?the data are exactly reproduced when the points are aligned, and the response has the most smoothing when the resampled points are equidistant from the original coordinate points. Thus, at the expense of some increase in computing time, image quality can be improved by resampled using the high-resolution cubic spline function as compared to the nearest neighbor, linear, or cubic B-spline functions.
COMMON MISTAKES IN OUR FRENCH TEXT‐BOOKS II. FRENCH CLASS‐ROOM EXPRESSIONS AND THE TEACHING OF FRENCH GRAMMAR IN FRENCH

using a word that is perfectly clear to the American students but unknown in French schools and colleges. Another book that went through a second (revised) edition in 1919 and enjoyed a very friendly review in the MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL calls the class-room "la chambre de classe" (p. 61). Class-room expressions have led to more errors than the regular direct-method exercises, and the reason for it is quite apparent. The latter concern themselves mostly with turning over the words of a given text; they arbitrarily limit their scope to the artificial handling of a set of words, without regard for any real experience; they translate words in terms of words; they are always guided by the text and with ordinary care should be fairly correct. But the class-room expression has no such guide; it should not translate words, but objects, and notions, and ideas; it represents the really direct method, the natural method. Unfortunately it does translate something into French, and something which, curiously enough, is often not very different from French. The adult mind is not a tabula rasa. The student "hands in" so many "papers" a day or a week, and whenever he does that there is no French model before his eyes or in his mind, but long and continued practice has anchored in his mind the group "I hand in my paper." He should say: "Je remets mon devoir"; and remettre is so different from "to hand in" that he will soon learn it and use it properly; but "paper" and "papier" coincide in so many cases that he will instinctively make them coincide in this case, too. If this natural tendency has been developed through the use of a much advertised text-book and strengthened by the authority of an instructor who daily says to his pupils: "Passez les papiers droite," or"Remettez vos papiers," a strong habit has been formed which is apt to give much trouble to the next instructor. The cognate or doublet expressions "lesson-leqon" and "object-objet" cause similar troubles. Indeed, the frequency of errors of this kind makes it useless to quote many books in the present article. For the mistaken uses
Capacity analysis of frequency-selective MIMO channels with sub-optimal detectors

In this paper, a capacity analysis of multi-input multi-out (MIMO) channels with multipath assuming different types of sub-optimal detectors is presented. The results are instrumental for evaluating the potential of multipath MIMO channels when sub-optimal detectors are utilized. It is demonstrated that for some types of detectors, an increase in the number of paths may result in some performance loss, especially at low transmit power. In addition, it is shown that a type of iterative detector can attain near-capacity performance when highly reliable decision feedback is used.
Sarcolemmal KATP Channels in the Heart: Molecular Mechanisms Brought to Light, but Physiologic Consequences Still in the Dark

Sarcolemmal KATP Channels in the Heart. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are inhibited by intracellular ATP and thus couple the metabolic state of the cell to its electrical activity. Tremendous progress has been made in the identification of the molecular basis of KATP channel function and regulation. The answer to one key question, however, has proven elusive: What are the precise conditions for, and functional consequences of, sarcolemmal KATP activation in physiologic and pathophysiologic states? Here we consider recent studies of the molecular basis of cardiac KATP channel activity and the role of these channels in cardiac function during ischemia.
Processing of the Müller-Lyer illusion by a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus).

Alex, a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) who identifies the bigger or smaller of two objects by reporting its color or matter using a vocal English label and who states "none" if they do not differ in size, was presented with two-dimensional Muller-Lyer figures (Brentano form) in which the central lines were of contrasting colors. His responses to "What color bigger/ smaller?" demonstrated that he saw the standard length illusion in the Muller-Lyer figures in 32 of 50 tests where human observers would also see the illusion and reported the reverse direction only twice. He did not report the illusion when (a) arrows on the shafts were perpendicular to the shafts or closely approached perpendicularity, (b) shafts were 6 times thicker than the arrows, or (c) after being tested with multiple exposures conditions that also lessen or eliminate the illusion for human observers. These data suggest that parrot and human visual systems process the Muller-Lyer figure in analogous ways despite a 175-fold difference in the respective sizes of their brain volumes. The similarity in results also indicates that parrots with vocal abilities like Alex's can be reliably tested on visual illusions with paradigms similar to those used on human subjects.
Pediatric bipolar disorder: evidence-based psychopharmacological treatments.

TOPIC: Pediatric bipolar disorder can cause severe disturbances in global functioning. Diagnosing pediatric bipolar disorder is challenging due to the range of symptom expression, developmental differences as compared to adults, presence of comorbid disorders, and developing diagnostic criteria. Treating this disorder can be equally challenging due to frequent symptom relapse and the dearth of research until recently on effective psychopharmacological interventions that guide clinical prescribing practices. PURPOSE: This paper will help child psychiatric nurses have a better understanding of the unique presentation of pediatric bipolar disorder to facilitate selection of appropriate medication treatment options, taking into account symptom presentation, presence of comorbid diagnosis, drug efficacy, adverse effects, and drug–drug interactions based on research findings. SOURCES: Literature specific to assessment and psychopharmacological treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder was reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Screening of youth with mood spectrum problems for bipolar disorder should occur in every diagnostic assessment and should be ongoing due to range of mood symptoms and the cyclical and episodic nature of this disorder. Youth with bipolar disorder may manifest symptoms and course that differ from adults. Additionally, co-occuring disorders are common in this population, which can complicate medication selection. Psychopharmacological treatment with the use of specific mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotic medications is warranted depending on symptom presentation; however, monotherapy with mood stabilizers has not demonstrated effectiveness in long-term remission of pediatric bipolar symptoms. Recent research indicates that a combined treatment with two mood stabilizers or a mood stabilizer and an antipsychotic holds promising results for pediatric bipolar I, for youth with acute manic symptoms plus psychosis, and for long-term remission of symptoms.
Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence: Final response

We find the author’s responses to our initial comments very positive. Their thoughts reflect the significant amount of research that has been conducted by leading experts to date on the conceptualization, measurement, and evaluation of medication nonadherence. We appreciate the additional clarification Drs. Voils et al. have provided regarding the importance of latent variables and their relationship to cause and effect indicators in psychometric analyses. We continue to emphasize the importance of measuring the medication-taking behavior, and to hold that the numerous intra-psychic, environmental, and sociostructural determinants of the behavior are predictive of, but not equal to, the behavior itself. We also believe that factor analysis is one of the key approaches to determine the dimensionality of a complicated construct such as medication adherence behavior. We completely agree that four items are not sufficient to represent the entire domain of the medication nonadherence construct. However, in a busy practitioner’s office and in
FoxP1 orchestration of ASD-relevant signaling pathways in the striatum

Mutations in the transcription factor Forkhead box p1 (FOXP1) are causative for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. However, the function of FOXP1 within the brain remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we identify the gene expression program regulated by FoxP1 in both human neural cells and patient-relevant heterozygous Foxp1 mouse brains. We demonstrate a role for FoxP1 in the transcriptional regulation of autism-related pathways as well as genes involved in neuronal activity. We show that Foxp1 regulates the excitability of striatal medium spiny neurons and that reduction of Foxp1 correlates with defects in ultrasonic vocalizations. Finally, we demonstrate that FoxP1 has an evolutionarily conserved role in regulating pathways involved in striatal neuron identity through gene expression studies in human neural progenitors with altered FOXP1 levels. These data support an integral role for FoxP1 in regulating signaling pathways vulnerable in autism and the specific regulation of striatal pathways important for vocal communication.
Optimal capacity planning in stochastic loss networks with time-varying workloads

We consider a capacity planning optimization problem in a general theoretical framework that extends the classical Erlang loss modeland related stochastic loss networks to support time-varying workloads. The time horizon consists of a sequence of coarse time intervals, each of which involves a stochastic loss network under a fixed multi-class workload that can change in a general manner from one interval to the next. The optimization problem consists of determining the capacities for each time interval that maximize a utility function over the entire time horizon, finite or infinite, where rewards gained from servicing customers are offset by penalties associated with deploying capacities in an interval and with changing capacities among intervals. We derive a state-dependent optimal policy within the context of a particular limiting regime of the optimization problem, and we prove this solution to be a symptotically optimal. Then, under fairly mild conditions, we prove that a similar structural property holds for the optimal solution of the original stochastic optimization problem, and we show how the optimal capacities comprising this solution can be efficiently computed.
Teaching behavioural geography

Abstract This paper discusses the teaching of the analytical approach to behavioural geography. After examining the relationship between teaching and research in this area of inquiry, the paper proceeds to outline some fundamental concepts and principles, concentrating specifically on models of man, models of environment, perception and cognition, information diffusion and adoption, space preferences and time‐path analysis. Comments are then made as to how analytical behavioural geography may be taught at all levels of education, from elementary schooling to postgraduate courses.
THE USE OF HORSESHOE CRABS AS EEL BAIT

Freshly killed male and female horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were tested as bait for freshwater eels (Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur)) in a Rhode Island estuary. Horseshoe crabs were superior to alewives and the heads of female horseshoe crabs were superior to their tails. Male crabs produced catches between those of the female heads and tails. When divided by the weight of the bait, catch rates of all horseshoe crab baits were similar. Horseshoe crabs might be useful in the commercial culture of eels.
Clinical Efficacy of an Automated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Assay

Background: Prospective studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used to predict risk of future cardiovascular events. High-sensitivity methods for CRP (hs-CRP) measurement are needed for this purpose. Methods: We compared the clinical efficacy of an automated and commercially available latex-enhanced assay (Latex) for hs-CRP (Dade Behring) to a validated in-house ELISA, previously shown to predict future peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in asymptomatic populations. Using a prospective, nested, case-control design, we measured baseline hs-CRP concentrations in 144 apparently healthy men who subsequently developed symptomatic PAD and 144 age- and smoking habit-matched controls who remained free of vascular disease over the follow-up period of 60 months. Results: The two hs-CRP assays correlated highly ( r = 0.95; P <0.001), and all but two participants were classified into concordant quartiles or varied by only one quartile. The median hs-CRP of the case group was significantly higher than that of controls when measured by either the ELISA (1.34 vs 0.99 mg/L; P = 0.034) or the Latex method (1.80 vs 1.20 mg/L; P = 0.042). Furthermore, for both ELISA and the Latex method, the calculated relative risks of developing PAD increased significantly with each increasing quartile of hs-CRP. The calculated interquartile increase in relative risk of PAD was 31% (95% confidence interval, 5.2–62.2%; P = 0.01) for ELISA and 34% (95% confidence interval, 8.2–66.1%; P = 0.007) for the Latex method. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the Latex method is equally as efficacious as the validated ELISA in classifying patients into cutoff points established by prospective studies for risk stratification for coronary and cerebrovascular disease.
Mmm1p Spans Both the Outer and Inner Mitochondrial Membranes and Contains Distinct Domains for Targeting and Foci Formation

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the integral membrane protein Mmm1p is required for maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and retention of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mmm1p localizes to discrete foci on mitochondria that are adjacent to mtDNA nucleoids in the matrix, raising the possibility that this protein plays a direct role in organizing, replicating, or segregating mtDNA. Although Mmm1p has been shown to cross the outer membrane with its C terminus facing the cytoplasm, the location of the N terminus has not been resolved. Here we show that Mmm1p spans both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, exposing its N terminus to the matrix. Surprisingly, deletion of the N-terminal extension decreased steady-state levels of the Mmm1 protein but did not affect mitochondrial morphology or mtDNA maintenance. Moreover, expression of Neurospora crassa MMM1, which naturally lacks a long N-terminal extension, substituted for loss of Mmm1p in budding yeast. These results indicate that the matrix-exposed portion of Mmm1p is not essential for mtDNA nucleoid maintenance. Additional studies revealed that the transmembrane segment and C-terminal domain of Mmm1p are required for foci formation and mitochondrial targeting, respectively. Our data suggest that the double membrane-spanning topology of Mmm1p at the membrane contact site is critical for formation of tubular mitochondria.
Applications of Error Back-Propagation to Phonetic Classification

This paper is concerced with the use of error back-propagation in phonetic classification. Our objective is to investigate the basic characteristics of back-propagation, and study how the framework of multi-layer perceptrons can be exploited in phonetic recognition. We explore issues such as integration of heterogeneous sources of information, conditions that can affect performance of phonetic classification, internal representations, comparisons with traditional pattern classification techniques, comparisons of different error metrics, and initialization of the network. Our investigation is performed within a set of experiments that attempts to recognize the 16 vowels in American English independent of speaker. Our results are comparable to human performance.
Group Iterative Spectrum Thresholding for Super-Resolution Sparse Spectral Selection

Recently, sparsity-based algorithms are proposed for super-resolution spectrum estimation. However, to achieve adequately high resolution in real-world signal analysis, the dictionary atoms have to be close to each other in frequency, thereby resulting in a coherent design. The popular convex compressed sensing methods break down in presence of high coherence and large noise. We propose a new regularization approach to handle model collinearity and obtain parsimonious frequency selection simultaneously. It takes advantage of the pairing structure of sine and cosine atoms in the frequency dictionary. A probabilistic spectrum screening is also developed for fast computation in high dimensions. A data-resampling version of high-dimensional Bayesian Information Criterion is used to determine the regularization parameters. Experiments show the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms in challenging situations with small sample size, high frequency resolution, and low signal-to-noise ratio.
The delay characteristics of CSMA/CD networks

A continuous-time Markov chain model of the CSMA/CD (carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection) protocol is used to find its delay characteristics. For both random-service-order (RSO) and first-come-first-serve (FCFS) CSMA/CD networks, matrix-geometric methods are used to derive and/or compute the throughput-delay and caudal-characteristics curves, the distribution and variance of the delay, and the rate of decay of the tail of the delay distribution. These results can be used to determine the suitability of RSO and FCFS CSMA/CD networks in applications in which they must carry delay-sensitive data. This is illustrated by an example which shows the significant improvement obtained in the delay characteristics of a particular network when FCFS is used instead of RSO. >
Electron Scattering by Solids: Determination of the Chemical, Geometrical, Electronic and Vibrational Structure of Surfaces

In these notes we examine the use of various experiments, primarily those associated with generic label low-energy-electron diffraction (‘LEED’), to determine the atomic identity, positions, vibrational amplitudes, and electronic structure of ‘atoms’ (i.e., ion-cores immersed in a sea of valence electrons) in the uppermost 1–5 layers of a single-crystal solid. A general survey of mathematical models of the specifically surface microscopic properties of solids is available elsewhere. [1] Furthermore, the construction of an adequate theory [2–6] of the electron-solid scattering phenomena of primary interest to us requires extensive use of modern quantum-field-theory methods with their concommitant algebraic complexity. Thus we focus our attention on the applications of theories of particle-solid scattering to characterize the structure of solid surfaces. We indicate only briefly the ingredients of models of the electronic, geometrical, and vibrational structure of surfaces and the construction of theories of the scattering process.
Ethics in the Accounting Curriculum: What Is Really Being Covered?.

This paper examines the current level of ethics integration across the accounting curriculum, analyzing the quantity, methods and topics included in coverage. Results of a survey of U.S. accounting faculty from 44 states and 97 different institutions on these issues are presented. The study is broken into two sections: the actual level of ethics integration and what is actually being taught. Prior research in the field has been limited to the extent to which ethics is covered in the classroom and avoided looking at what specifically is being done. This study extends this research by providing an update on the level of coverage as it exists today in the U.S., and by identifying the specific ethics topics being covered. Overall, we find that ethics integration efforts on a per-course basis are modest, and may be inadequate. We suggest that accounting programs that integrate ethics develop a formal ethics integration plan to ensure essential topics are covered, and to maximize the impact on students ethics.
Engine Exhaust Emissions

The growth in population (Fig. 1) plus the growth in energy consumption per person(1) have combined together to give dramatic increases in both air and water pollution problems. The automotive vehicle has been a significant contributor to air pollution on a total mass basis (Fig. 2), although its contribution is considerably smaller if the toxicity of emissions as well as the quantity of emissions is considered (Fig. 3).(2) Thus, the purpose of this paper is to first of all indicate why certain exhaust constituents from automotive vehicles are considered as pollutants, to describe how these pollutants are formed in automotive vehicle operation, and finally, to describe control techniques being used and considered. As indicated in the title, the paper is intended to educate by organizing and systematizing existing information rather than presenting primarily new information.
Measuring dynamical K/π and p/π fluctuations in AuAu collisions from the STAR experiment

Results from new measurements of dynamical K/π and p/π ratio fluctuations are presented. Dynamical fluctuations in global conserved quantities such as baryon number, strangeness, or charge may be observed near a QCD critical point. The STAR experiment has previously acquired data in AuAu collisions at the energies \(\sqrt {s_{NN} }\) = 200, 130, 62.4, and 19.6 GeV and CuCu collisions at \(\sqrt {s_{NN} }\) = 200, 62.4, and 22.4 GeV. The commencing of a QCD critical point search at RHIC has extended the reach of possible measurements of dynamical K/π and p/π ratio fluctuations from AuAu collisions to lower energies. New results are compared to previous measurements and to theoretical predictions from the UrQMD model.
Spontaneous Posterior Uterine Rupture in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Background The maternal and fetal risks of uterine distension in rapidly progressive twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in the setting of prior uterine scar are poorly characterized. Case We present the case of a 42-year-old woman, G4P1201, at 21 weeks gestation with stage-1 TTTS who developed a spontaneous posterior uterine rupture necessitating emergent laparotomy and delivery of previable fetuses, possibly due to prior uterine scar from a displaced intrauterine device. Conclusion TTTS may be a risk factor for uterine rupture, including uterine rupture in atypical anatomic locations. Prior unrecognized uterine scars, including perforations, may magnify the risk for atypical uterine rupture in the setting of excessive uterine distension.
The Effects of Temperature on Competition for Spruce Needles Among Sympatric Species of Trichoderma

In a simple laboratory model system, the influence of temperature on the ability of 5 sympatric species of Trichoderma to compete for spruce litter (Picea abies) was studied. At temperatures of 5 C...
‘Of course we’re supposed to move on, but then you still got people who are not over those historical wounds’: Cultural memory and US youth’s race talk:

Polls indicate that US youth are more racially diverse, and more tolerant of diversity, than were previous generations. Yet recent research documents the rise of a ‘new racism’ discourse among white US youth. The present study extends this research by examining the discursive strategies US youth employ as they talk about race in a multi-racial high school classroom. Using discourse historical analysis, the authors argue that US youth’s race talk is bound up in the construction and contestation of the nation’s cultural memory of race and racism. In particular, the authors examine how the students use the topos of unknowability and the topos of implicature to suppress or confront, respectively, the relationship between past racial injustice and present-day inequalities, and the questions of responsibility and redress it raises.
An Individual Difference Approach to Understanding Loyalty Program Effects: Customer Loyalty Program Involvement

Although retailers continue to devote scarce resources to customer loyalty programs as a means to build customer loyalty, controversy over their effectiveness exists. Based on identity congruency concept (Sirgy 1982) and Bhattacharya and Sen’s customer-company identification model (2003) built on social identity theories, this study proposes and tests a model describing how characteristics of a loyalty program (i.e., loyalty program – identity congruency and distinctiveness) influence a consumer’s identification with his/her loyalty program membership and attitude toward the focal retailer. Additionally, the moderating impact of loyalty program involvement on the evaluation of the loyalty program is examined. Using data collected from a web-based experiment, this study provides overall support for the model. Implications for retailers and researchers are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
A Brief Survey on War Complex Networks Studies

Complex networks have been a important theoretic basis of war complex system.This paper briefly introduces studies on war complex network,in the aspect including theory of System of system(Sos),national critical infrastructure,groups behaviors of society,and network information diffusion etc.
Protein Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Protein export systems are present in all living organisms, including gram-negative bacteria and the eukaryotic organelles that derived from them (Table 1). In contrast to other organisms, however, gram-negative bacteria contain numerous, apparently independent systems for exporting proteins, including at least eight types that mediate export across or insertion into the inner cytoplasmic membrane and another eight that specifically mediate export across or insertion into the outer lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane.
Mutation of Aryl Binding Pocket Residues Results in an Unexpected Activity Switch in an Oryza sativa Tyrosine Aminomutase

A 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidine-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO)-dependent tyrosine aminomutase (TAM) isolated from the rice plant Oryza sativa (OsTAM) makes β-tyrosine (75%) and p-coumarate (25%) from α-tyrosine. OsTAM is the first TAM to have, although slight, native phenylalanine aminomutase (PAM) activity (3% relative to TAM activity). The active sites of OsTAM and a TcPAM from Taxus plants differ by only two residues (Y125 and N446 of OsTAM vs C107 and K427 of TcPAM) positioned similarly near the aryl ring of their substrates. The kinetic parameters and substrate selectivity were measured for OsTAM single mutants Y125C and N446K OsTAM and double mutant Y125C/N446K OsTAM. Compared with OsTAM, each single mutant was slower at converting α-tyrosine to its β-isomer and p-coumarate; the double mutant did not produce any detectable product. Each mutant bound α-phenylalanine ∼9-fold better than did OsTAM, suggesting that the mutations made the catalysts more selective for phenylalanine. The total turnover rate (kcatβ-Ph...
Pharmacologic aspects of local anesthetic use

Summary LAs reversibly interrupt transmission of nerve impulses by inhibiting function of the sodium channel. Large myelinated rapidly conducting A fibers are most sensitive, and small unmyelinated slowly conducting C fibers, least sensitive to the block of transmission. Pregnancy may increase even further the A-fiber sensitivity to conduction block. Of the clinically useful LAs, bupivacaine has become extremely popular in obstetric anesthesia because of its ability to create high quality analgesia with a minimum degree of motor block. The ability to cause this type of differential block is highly desirable and new LAs such as ropivacaine are evaluated with this in mind. Epinephrine is a useful addition to LA solutions for purposes of detecting accidental intravascular injections and for improving the quality and duration of block, reducing the total amount of LA needed. However, there is a risk of temporary decrease in IVBF when accidental intravascular injection of epinephrine-containing solutions occurs. Alkalinization of LA solutions with sodium bicarbonate enhances nerve block experimentally and may have a beneficial effect clinically. Similarly, carbonated lidocaine may have clinical advantages over lidocaine hydrochloride. LA effects on the neonate have been evaluated by neurobehavioral testing. Inconsistent results and a failure to consider the multiplicity of factors surrounding parturition make it difficult to determine the clinical significance of these data. Regarding the adverse effects of LAs, bupivacaine cardiotoxicity has been related to its fast-in, slow-out blocking of myocardial sodium channels. The pregnant animal may be more sensitive to this effect than the nonpregnant animal. Chloroprocaine has been reformulated without the anti-oxidant bisulfite, which along with the low pH of the earlier preparation is thought to have been responsible for the cases of neurotoxicity associated with accidental intrathecal injection of the drug. Whenever large amounts of LA are used, there is the potential for the development of toxicity. The practitioner must strive to prevent LA toxicity but must remain alert to the possibility of its occurrence and be prepared to initiate effective treatment.
SU-F-T-27: A Comparative Case Study Among Four Modalities for the Superficial Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: We performed a comparative planning study among High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy, superficial electrons, Volume Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), and Helical IMRT (Tomotherapy) for squamous cell carcinoma of the abdominal wall with consideration for the underlining bowel. Methods: A 69-year old female presented with squamous cell carcinoma protruding 8mm beyond the anterior skin surface of the midabdomen was considered for treatment. The patient had a ventral hernia which resulted in the reduction of the abdominal wall thickness and the adjacent small bowel being the dose limiting structure. Four plans were generated using different treatment modalities: a) an enface electron field (eMC, Eclipse v. 11), b) Tomotherapy (HI-Art II v.5.0.5), c) VMAT (Acuros, Eclipse v. 11), and d) HDR using a Freiburg applicator (Oncentra v. 4.3). The following plan objectives were used for all four plans: for the CTV target, V90% ≥90% (61.8Gy2/2).For the small bowel, D0.1cc < 56.2 Gy2/2 was a hard constraint and expressed as a percentage of the prescription for comparison to demonstrate the dose fall-off achieved among the modalities.For HDR, V200% <0.1cc was an additional constraint. Multiple dosimetric parameters, including those listed above, were compared among the four modalities. Results: The HDR plan showed comparable target coverage compared to the Tomotherapy plan and better coverage compared to the electron plan. Small bowel doses (D0.1cc) were lower in HDR plan compared to Tomotherapy, electron, & VMAT plans (88.8%, 89.6%, 90.9%, & 96.6%). Integral dose to the whole body (V5%) was much higher for HDR, VMAT, and Tomotherapy when compared to electron plan by factors of seven, eight, and ten, respectively. After reviewing all treatment modalities, the physician selected HDR owing to better control of the small bowel dose while maintaining adequate target coverage. Conclusion: This case study demonstrated HDR can successfully treat superficial lesions with superior sparing of underlying structures.
Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Misconceptions and Future Research Directions.

Fatigue is one of the most disabling side effects in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). While this fact is well known, there has been a remarkable lack of progress in determining the pathophysiological mechanisms behind fatigue and the establishment of effective treatments. The main barrier has been the lack of a unified definition of fatigue that can be objectively tested with validated experimental models. In this ‘perspective article’ we propose the use of the following model and definition of fatigue: the decrease in physical and/or mental performance that results from changes in central, psychological, and/or peripheral factors. These changes depend on the task being performed, the environmental conditions it is performed in, and the physical and mental capacity of the individual. Our definition and model of fatigue outlines specific causes of fatigue and how it affects task performance. We also outline the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used measures of fatigue and suggest, based on our model and definition, new research strategies which should include multiple measures. These studies should be mechanistic with validated experimental models to determine changes in central, psychological, and/or peripheral factors that explain fatigue. The proposed new research strategies may lead to the identification of the origins of MS related fatigue and the development of new, more effective treatments.
Ex-vivo release of Pipeline Embolization Device polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sleeves for improved distal landing zone accuracy in-vivo: A technical note.

BackgroundDistal landing zone accuracy is critical in some intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED), and delayed opening of the distal end of the device can compli...
Not All Inequality Is Equal: Deconstructing the Societal Logic of Patriarchy to Understand Microfinance Lending to Women

Many social problems reflect sets of beliefs and practices—or “institutional logics”—that operate at the societal level and rationalize the marginalization of certain categories of people. Studies ...