cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conserved linkage of neurotrophin-3 and von Willebrand factor on mouse chromosome 6.

Neurotrophin-3 and other neurotrophic factors contribute to the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system by promoting localized neuronal survival. The human gene encoding neurotrophin3, a highly conserved protein with complete amino acid identity in human, mouse, and rat, has been mapped to Chromosome (Chr) 12p13 (Maisonpierre et al. 1991). The mouse homolog, Ntf-3, was assigned to Chr 6 by use of a somatic cell panel (Ozcelik et al. 1991). We undertook the regional localization of Ntf-3 in order to test it as a candidate for the mnd2 mutation which we recently mapped to Chr 6; homozygosity for mnd2 results in motor neuron disease due to degeneration of spinal motor neurons (Jones et al. 1993). von Willebrand factor is a glycoprotein involved in blood coagulation that is both a carrier for factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) and a mediator of plateletvessel wall interaction (Ginsburg and Bowie 1992). The human gene VWF (previous symbol F8VWF) is the most distally mapped gene on Chr 12p13.3 (NIH/CEPH Collaborative Mapping Group 1992). The locations of NTF3 and VWF suggested that they might be members of the conserved linkage group on mouse Chr 6 that includes 11 other genes from human 12p1213 (Nadeau et al. 1992; Elliott and Moore 1992). Ntf-3 was mapped by Southern blot analysis with a BgllI RFLP between strains C57BL/6J (3.6 kb) and SPRET/Ei (9.7 kb; Fig. 1). The Ntf-3 probe was a 550bp genomic fragment that was amplified from genomic DNA from strain C57BL/6J with primers based on the published nucleotide sequence (Hohn et at. 1990): primer 1, 5' (+250) AGG AGT TTG CCG GAA GAC TCT CTC AAT TCC (+279) 3'; and primer 2, 5' (+ 799) GCA ACC GTT TTT GAC CGG CCT GGC
Outside the Law: Agricultural and Domestic Workers Under the Fair Labor Standards Act

In 1966, at the end of almost two decades of civil rights agitation, men and women of color redressed one significant historical injustice—the legislative exemption of tens of thousands of farmworkers from the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which guaranteed a minimum wage and maximum hours of work for covered workers. In 1974, after almost a decade of feminist agitation, domestic workers convinced the Congress that even private household service fell within the act's minimum-wage coverage of workers engaged in interstate commerce. The two occupations in which most African Americans and a large number of other nonwhite Americans worked in 1938, and in which significant numbers remained in the 1960s and 1970s, joined the roster of jobs covered by this fundamental legislation. Coverage of the country's least powerful workers and its least valued jobs finally overturned central racial and gender inequalities encoded in the nation's basic labor standards law and awarded workers and jobs long-sought recognition and respect.
Compressive orthotics in the treatment of asymmetric pectus carinatum: a preliminary report with an objective radiographic marker.

Background/Purpose: Pectus carinatum (PC) traditionally has been managed with surgical reconstruction. Compressive orthosis also has resulted in subjective improvement in this defect. The goal of the authors was to develop an alternative brace and an objective radiographic marker to monitor the effects of chest wall compression on sternal protrusion. Methods: Baseline chest computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained for 5 teenage boys with chondrogladiolar type of PC. The angle at the point of greatest sternal rotation was measured as the baseline deformity. Compressive orthosis was initiated using a custom-fitted brace. Follow-up chest CT scans were obtained to document change in sternal rotation. Results: One patient was lost to follow-up after 6 months with subjective improvement. Another opted for surgical correction after 3 months, having shown a 16% decrease in sternal rotation preoperatively. Two patients showed subjective improvement corroborated by 33% and 44% decreases in sternal rotation. The fifth patient, who discontinued bracing after 1 month, showed a 25% increase 6 months later. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate a potential role for compressive orthosis in the management of pectus carinatum. The objective radiographic marker described may be used to monitor the effects of growth or treatment with compressive orthosis. J Pediatr Surg 35:1183-1186. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
The Coastal Ocean Probing Experiment: further studies of air-sea interactions with remote and in-situ sensors

A comprehensive multi-sensor experiment on air-sea interactions was held off the coast of northern Oregon during September and October of 1995. The experiment, called the Coastal Ocean Probing Experiment (COPE), utilized the ETL two shore-based microwave radars (X-band and k/sub a/-band), and a full complement of in-situ and other remote sensors. Sensors were mounted on the Scripps Institute FLIP to measure properties of the air-sea interface including wind, wind stress, air/sea temperatures, wave characteristics, and profiles of current, temperature, and density. Scatterometers at K/sub u/-band and X-band, a laser wave slope device, and microwave and IR radiometers were also operated from FLIP. Other active and passive remote sensors were deployed from a blimp, and a small complement of in-situ and atmospheric sensors were operated from a 65 ft boat. A moored array consisting of thermistor chains and an inverted echo sounder was also operated within view of the radars. Additionally, a Doppler lidar was operated near the shore to measure winds within a few meters of the ocean surface and a Coastal Ocean Dynamics Radar (CODAR) system was used to monitor larger scale ocean currents in the area. The northern coast of Oregon was selected for its wide variety of atmospheric and oceanic conditions and particularly for the frequency and intensity of tidally-forced internal waves (IW). The proximity of a 744 m-elevation radar site within 4 km of the shoreline satisfied another important observational requirement. Preliminary results of radar observations are stressed, particularly regarding observations of the naturally-occurring internal wave fields. The large amount of high-quality, in-situ atmospheric and oceanic measurements available during the experiment will be useful in helping to interpret the various polarimetric, Doppler, delta-k, and multi-wavelength radar data obtained during COPE.
Controlling Milk Pasteurization Efficiency through the Use of the Phosphatase Test

Summary 1.Variations of one degree Fahrenheit or 5 minutes in the holding period were detected using the phosphatase test. 2.The addition of 0.10 per cent raw milk to a pasteurized sample was detected. 3.Homogenization by pressure had no effect on the phosphatase enzyme. 4.Mercuric chloride was used as a preservative of milk without affecting the accuracy of the phosphatase test. Heating the preserved sample to 100° F. to remix the separated fat had no effect on the value of the test. Storing preserved samples of milk at temperatures of (45 to 50° F.) or (70 to 80° F.) had no effect on the results of the test.
Photoluminescence Studies of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Under Hydrostatic Pressure: Cd1−xMnxTe

We present a photoluminescence study of the excitons and electron-to-acceptor (e-AO) transitions in Cd1−xMnxTe (x = 0.05 and 0.15) under hydrostatic pressure at 15K. We investigate the changing magnetic and Coulombic binding energies of the e-AO transition under pressure. We find that the e-AO binding energy increases with pressure for x = 0.15 where the magnetic term due to the acceptor bound magnetic polaron is large, while it decreases for x = 0.05. We also obtain the pressure coefficients of the excitonic and acceptor related transitions.
The Impact of International Football Matches on Primary Sponsors and Shareholder Wealth

The effect of sponsorship on the stock market returns of the sponsoring companies has been previously studied, but the internationalizing aspect of sponsorship has been overlooked. We examine returns to shareholders for firms sponsoring international football matches using an event study analysis. We find that there are cumulative abnormal returns to stockholders of sponsoring firms of international matches 10 days after the match and 20 days after the match. This finding is robust across several different event-study methods. We also find this general pattern across different professional football leagues, as well as a positive effect on returns by sponsoring high-profile football clubs. We theorize that the elapsed time until the effect on the stock price is the result of building brand awareness before a shift in the price becomes evident. These findings add nuance to the literature on sponsorship and event studies, which is almost exclusively domestic in character.
Evaluation of Face Resolution for Expression Analysis

Most automatic facial expression analysis (AFEA) systems attempt to recognize facial expressions from data collected in a highly controlled environment with very high resolution frontal faces ( face regions greater than 200 x 200 pixels). However, in real environments, the face image is often in lower resolution and with head motion. It is unclear that the performance of AFEA systems for low resolution face images. The general approach to AFEA consists of 3 steps: face acquisition, facial feature extraction, and facial expression recognition. This paper explores the effects of different image resolutions for each step of facial expression analysis. The different approaches are compared for face detection, face data extraction and expression recognition. A total of five different resolutions of the head region are studied (288x384, 144x192, 72x96, 36x48, and 18Xx24) based on a widely used public database. The lower resolution images are down-sampled from the originals.
Impact of renal dysfunction on weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation

Background: In the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, the combination of mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been associated with prolonged length of hospital stay, high cost of care and poor outcome. We gathered outcome data on patients who had severe renal dysfunction on transfer to our regional weaning center (RWC) for attempted weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). We screened the admission laboratory values of 1077 patients transferred to our RWC over an 8-year period. We reviewed the medical records of patients with serum creatinine > 2.5 mg/dl. Results: Sixty-three patients met screening criteria and 40 patients were on RRT at the time of transfer. Eighteen patients had begun chronic RRT at least 2 months prior to admission to the transferring hospital for their current illness. Twenty-two patients had RRT initiated at the transferring hospital. Ten patients had RRT initiated at the RWC; eight patients had improvement or resolution of azotemia at our facility. RRT was withheld at patient/family request in five patients with progressive renal failure. None of the 50 patients who received RRT recovered renal function during treatment at our RWC. Intermittent hemodialysis was the standard RRT at the RWC. Duration of mechanical ventilation prior to transfer to the RWC was 49.7 ± 33.5 days (mean ± SD). Outcome of weaning attempts in the 63 patients was as follows: 13% weaned, 3% failed to wean and 84% died. These outcomes were significantly worse (P<0.001) than those in the 1014 patients whose admission serum creatinine was = 2.5 mg/dl (58% weaned, 15% failed to wean, 27% died). The five patients in whom RRT was withheld were predominantly in progressive multisystem organ failure, and were unlikely to have survived regardless of RRT. From the study cohort, only one of the 10 patients discharged alive returned home, in contrast to 42% of the control group. No patient with severe renal dysfunction survived to 1 year post-discharge, compared to a 1-year survival of 38% in the control group (P = 0.029). Only four of the 10 patients survived more than 1 month, with the longest survival being 122 days. Conclusions: Patients who require PMV and RRT have a very poor prognosis. The small number of patients with renal insufficiency not requiring RRT had a more favorable hospital outcome and mortality, but long-term survival remained poor. hemodialysis patient outcome, prolonged mechanical ventilation, renal failure, renal replacement therapy, respiratory failure, ventilator weaning
Aspects of induced seismic activity and deep-well sequestration of carbon dioxide

Geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is being investigated as an option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An environmental concern with this and any other subsurface injection practice is the potential to cause low-level induced seismicity events. Such induced seismic activity may be minimized through careful site characterization and facility operation. Induced seismic activity mostly occurs along previously faulted rocks and may be investigated by analyzing stress conditions at depth, well testing, and geophysical surveying. Cases of induced seismic activity have been documented at waste disposal wells, oil fields, and other sites. Locating an injection facility requires investigation of subsurface geologic structures, review of seismic activity in the area, well testing, seismic monitoring, and modeling of pressure buildup and fluid migration. Special considerations related to the properties of CO2 should be noted for an injection system. Supercritical CO2 liquid is less dense than water and may cause density-driven stress conditions at depth. The fluid may also interact with formation water and rocks, altering permeability and resulting in changes in pressure conditions at depth. Injection of large volumes of CO2 may affect formation pressures in rock units distant from the injection facility. The possibility for seismic activity induced by deep-well injection has been considered when evaluating the disposal of CO2 in deep saline reservoirs. The potential for seismic activity is greatest in seismically vulnerable locations with preexisting faulting. The current framework involving proper siting, system installation, and monitoring provides mechanisms to mitigate the risks of induced seismic activity.
USE AND SELECTION OF SAP TREES BY YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKERS

Abstract Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius) obtain phloem sap from clusters of holes that they peck in living trees. I examined trees that sapsuckers used for sap extraction in northern Michigan and tested several hypotheses to explain why they choose specific trees for attack and why they cluster their holes in one place on the bole of each of these focal trees. Sapsuckers preferentially attacked individuals of paper birch (Betula papyrifera), red maple (Acer rubrum), juneberry (Amelanchier sp.) and bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata). They made clusters of sap holes an average of 7.13 m from the ground and within 1 m of a live branch; most clusters were located above old holes or other wounds from previous years. Each new sap incision through the bark to the phloem stream was made above a previous one and was enlarged for an average of 3.1 days before being abandoned for a new, higher hole. The resulting long vertical chains of holes were made alongside others to form tight clusters of ho...
Abstract P370: Healthcare utilization in older adults with chronic heart failure and elevated depressive symptoms: Cardiovascular Health Study

Background: Elevated depressive symptoms (EDS) are common in adults with heart failure (HF) and their joint prevalence is associated with worse short- (1 year) and long-term health outcomes. The contribution of EDS to healthcare costs and utilization in a contemporary population of older adults with HF is unknown. Hypothesis: Adults with HF who report EDS will have higher annual healthcare costs and use more resources than their counterparts without EDS. Methods: Participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study who developed HF between baseline and the 11-year follow up and whose data were linked to Medicare Part A and Part B claims were included in the analysis (n=441). HF was adjudicated based on review of medical records and physician questionnaires. EDS was determined if participants scored ≥8 on the abbreviated Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Medicare payments were adjusted using the Medical Consumer Price Index and represented in 2009 dollars. Annual healthcare utilization (i.e., total provider visits, inpatient and outpatient visits) is based on Part B. Linear regression with robust variance estimation was used to determine the relationship of EDS with medical costs or provider counts adjusted for confounders. Results: Participants were 75.9 years old (SD= 5.3), 55% female, 15% black, and 147 (33%) had EDS. Within 2 years, 19% of patients with EDS died vs. 14% in those without EDS. Differences in annual costs between participants with and without EDS were not statistically significant. However, participants with EDS had more provider visits than their counterparts (Table). Conclusion: Despite adults with HF and EDS using more healthcare resources than those without EDS, expenditures did not differ. Higher short-term mortality in adults with EDS could be an explanation.
Head-Erect Behavior Among Three Preschool-aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

This article presents the results of a multiple baseline design, across subjects, to assess the effect of vibratory stimulation on head-erect behavior in subjects who were prone. The subjects were three children with severe multiple handicaps whose mean age was 2 years 4 months and whose conditions included seizures and muscle tone disorders. Frequency of head lifts and cumulative duration of head-erect behavior were recorded during three-minute sessions with the subjects positioned prone on their forearms over a wedge. After baseline observations were recorded, vibration was applied to the paraspinal muscles of the neck and upper back for the first two minutes of each intervention session. In addition, electromyographic activity was recorded for a three-minute session at least once during both the baseline and intervention conditions. Results of the study demonstrated an increase in the cumulative duration of head-erect behavior for the three subjects and an accompanying increase in EMG activity during muscle vibration. The diversity of handicapping conditions (ie, seizures, hypertonia, and hypotonia) appeared to have no effect on the benefits received from muscle vibration for these subjects. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.
Between nonfiction screen practice and nonfiction peep practice: The Keystone ‘600 Set’ and the geographical mode of representation

Cinema historians have identified the magic lantern’s important role in the nonfiction and documentary traditions that preceded the emergence of the narrativized documentary film. But an examination of the Keystone ‘600 Set’, a seminal series of educational views, shows that the lantern enjoyed a sustained engagement with stereographs, motion pictures, and other pedagogical media into the 1960s. Governed by a geographical mode of representation, Keystone’s integrated system of lantern slides and stereographs illuminates the longer intertwining histories of nonfiction ‘screen’ and ‘peep’ practices, which animate our relationship with the world, and which are foundational to educational and documentary cinema.
Advancing Stormwater Beneficial Uses: ET Mapping in Urban Areas

In the United States, monitoring Evapotranspiration (ET) is primarily focused in agricultural and wildland environments. With educational advancements stressing water conservation in urban areas, there is a newfound desire to apply ET data as part of wastewater reuse options for supplemental irrigation, and for more accurate modeling of rain garden and green roof controls for stormwater management. Unfortunately, most publicly available data located near urban areas is found to be substantially different from a well-watered landscape surface and required conversion for use. Likewise, adjustment factors for different landscape surfaces are, in most cases, developed for agricultural situations and their use in highly disturbed urban environments has not been well documented. One of the products of this research examined these available ETo values and then mapped them for major urban areas. The product of mapping these locations will be used in conjunction with associated rainfall information to calculate irrigation requirements in urban areas as part of a WERF-sponsored project on the beneficial uses of stormwater.
Chemoselective activation of sp(3) vs sp(2) C-H bonds with Pd(II).

The first selective coupling of a carbon nucleophile with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl arenes in the absence of a directing group is described. Pd(OAc)2 double C–H activation displays remarkable selectivity for the terminal methyl sites in alkyl arenes, rather than the more commonly observed arene sp2 C–H activation. Mechanistic studies indicate the intermediacy of an azlactone dimer, obtained from oxidation with Pd(OAc)2, and are consistent with a Pd-catalyzed C–H activation vs a radical process. The observed reactivity establishes that typical reaction solvents (e.g., toluene) can readily participate in C–H activation chemistry.
BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD NESTLING VOCALIZATIONS AND RISK OF NEST PREDATION

Models concerning the evolution of avian begging behavior predict that nest- lings of brood parasites should beg more loudly or frequently than nonparasitic nestlings and that the exaggeration of begging calls in general may be limited by the risk of nest pre- dation. This study is the first to test experimentally for a link between brood parasitism, nestling vocalizations, and the risk of nest predation. Begging calls at Indigo Bunting (Pas- serina cyanea) nests parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) were louder and more frequent than those at nonparasitized nests. Predation rates at Indigo Bunting nests were significantly higher at parasitized nests than at nonparasitized nests during the incu- bation period and over the entire nesting cycle, and there was a trend for such a difference during the nestling period as well. I performed an artificial nest experiment to test for an effect of nestling vocalizations on the risk of nest predation. Nests broadcasting cowbird begging calls (300 calls/h at 80 dB) experienced the highest predation rates, followed by nests broadcasting bunting begging calls (60 calls/h at 74 dB), followed by silent nests. The overall difference among predation rates for the three treatments was significant, but follow- up pairwise comparisons detected a difference in predation rates only between nests broad- casting cowbird begging calls and silent nests. Thus, nestling vocalizations may be partly responsible for the observed difference in predation risk during the nestling period at par- asitized and nonparasitized natural nests, but other factors such as nest site or parental be- havior are likely to influence the risk of both parasitism and nest predation. Received 2 Sep-
Laboratory and Greenhouse Experiments With a New Series of Systemic Insecticides1

Five American Cyanamid Company experimental organophosphorus systemic insecticides, compounds 43064, 43356, 47031, 47071, and 47470, have been evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse to determine their usefulness for systemic control of cotton-insect pests. Topical treatments of adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, with the 5 experimental insecticides indicated that they were more toxic than phorate, but resulted in unusually flat dosage-mortality curves. Seed treatments of cotton with compounds 43064, 43356, and 47071 gave excellent control of adult boll weevils in greenhouse experiments for 10 to 11 weeks. Treatments with the phorate standard controlled weevils for only 6 weeks. Field experiments, however, indicated that compound 43064 was no more effective than phorate for control of aphids, thrips, or boll weevils, Chemical names of American Cyanamid Company compounds tested are: 43064, cyclic ethylene (diethoxyphosphinothioyl) dithioimidocarbonate; 43356, cyclic ethylene (dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) dithioimidocarbonate; 47031, cyclic ethylene (diethoxyphosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate; 47071, cyclic propylene (diethoxyphosphinothioyl) dithioimidocarbonate; 47470, cyclic propylene (diethoxyphosphinyl) dithioimidoearbonate.
Clarification Method of Plluted Water from Paper Mills with Conbination of Beer Effluent

The main components of polluted water discharged from paper mills are hemicellulose, fiber-fine and polyphenolic compounds, such as lignosulfonate and Kraft lignin.Beer mills discharge polluted water which contains protein. Thus the mixture of both polluted waters with addition of 1 % Alum produced successfully large amount of precipitant. By contrary, there was no precipitation without addition of Alum. However, the addition of the Alum alone did not contribute to the precipitation of paper mill effluent. This means that the combination with beer effluent is essential.In addition to this, the presence of clay colloid accelerated the settling time of pollutant. Furthermore, it can be suggested that the precipitant is useful for carrier of control release herbicide and also for filler of paper board.
High-brightness Electron Beam Evolution Following Laser-based Cleaning of a Photocathode

Laser-based techniques have been widely used for cleaning metal photocathodes to increase quantum efficiency (QE). However, the impact of laser cleaning on cathode uniformity and thereby on electron beam quality are less understood. We are evaluating whether this technique can be applied to revive photocathodes used for high-brightness electron sources in advanced x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facilities, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The laser-based cleaning was applied to two separate areas of the current LCLS photocathode on July 4 and July 26, 2011, respectively. The QE was increased by 8--10 times upon the laser cleaning. Since the cleaning, routine operation has exhibited a slow evolution of the QE improvement and comparatively rapid improvement of transverse emittance, with a factor of 3 QE enhancement over five months, and a significant emittance improvement over the initial 2--3 weeks following the cleaning. Currently, the QE of the LCLS photocathode is holding constant at about $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, with a normalized injector emittance of about $0.3\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ for a 150-pC bunch charge. With the proper procedures, the laser-cleaning technique appears to be a viable tool to revive the LCLS photocathode. We present observations and analyses for the QE and emittance evolution in time following the laser-based cleaning of the LCLS photocathode, and comparison to the previous studies, the measured thermal emittance versus the QE and comparison to the theoretical model.
Quality Control Chart for Testing and Analysis Laboratories Based on C# Program

[Objective]To achieve automatic drawing,determining,printing,and archiving quality control charts(QCC) of laboratory work by C# programming.[Methods]Laboratory demand and QCC characteristics were analyzed.Visual Studio.NET 2005,WinForm(C#),Access Database,and Report Definition Language(RDL) were applied to programming the laboratory QCC.[Results]The program was successfully developed and implemented to actual work.It accomplished following functions: chart drawing,quality judge,archive,print,and result export and find.[Conclusion]This QCC program is characterized by easy-to-use,time saving,less calculation mistakes,and thus could free laboratory staff from bulky manual calculation and chart drawing.It is of realistic significance in real-time monitoring for dynamic quality control of laboratory processes.
The Role of Nonverbal Communication Behaviors in Clinical Trial and Research Study Recruitment

Few studies have examined the communication behaviors of those who recruit for clinical trials and research studies, particularly of nonmedical professionals who often do the bulk of recruiting. This focus-group study of 63 recruiters analyzes the ways in which nonverbal communication behaviors support the process of recruitment, using the lens of communication accommodation theory. Results indicate that recruiters first "read" potential study participants' nonverbal communication for clues about their state of mind, then use nonverbal communication to achieve a sense of convergence. Specific nonverbal communication behaviors were discussed by recruiters, including smiling, variations in the use of voice, adjusting body position, the appropriate use of physical touch, the management of eye contact, and the effect of clothing and physical appearance. Implications for recruitment practice are discussed.
Hall-Littlewood Polynomials in terms of Yamanouchi words

This paper uses the theory of dual equivalence graphs to give explicit Schur expansions to several families of symmetric functions. We begin by giving a combinatorial definition of the modified Macdonald polynomials and modified Hall-Littlewood polynomials indexed by any diagram $δ ⊂ \mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}$, written as $\widetilde H_δ (X;q,t)$ and $\widetilde P_δ (X;t)$, respectively. We then give an explicit Schur expansion of $\widetilde P_δ (X;t)$ as a sum over a subset of the Yamanouchi words, as opposed to the expansion using the charge statistic given in 1978 by Lascoux and Schuztenberger. We further define the symmetric function $R_γ ,δ (X)$ as a refinement of $\widetilde P_δ$ and similarly describe its Schur expansion. We then analysize $R_γ ,δ (X)$ to determine the leading term of its Schur expansion. To gain these results, we associate each Macdonald polynomial with a signed colored graph $\mathcal{H}_δ$ . In the case where a subgraph of $\mathcal{H}_δ$ is a dual equivalence graph, we provide the Schur expansion of its associated symmetric function, yielding several corollaries.
Changes in blood pressure and heart rate during sedation with ketamine in the pediatric ED

Abstract Background Ketamine is commonly used in the emergency department for short, painful procedures. We describe changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during procedural sedation with ketamine, as these changes have not been well described in children. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study involving children aged 8 to 18 years who received procedural sedation with ketamine in a pediatric emergency department. Serial vital signs and sedation scores were recorded from baseline until recovery from ketamine procedural sedation. Time of orthopedic manipulation was also recorded. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate changes in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and HR using 3 sedation strata: presedation (baseline), sedated (ketamine administered and patient deeply sedated), and recovery (ketamine administered with patient minimally sedated), controlling for age and weight. Results Sixty children were enrolled; 10 were excluded due to missing manipulation time. A total of 394 observations were recorded. Mean sedated SBP, DBP, and HR were 8 mm Hg, 4 mm Hg, and 13 beats/min higher than presedation SBP ( P P P P =.006) and DBP ( P P P P =.35). Conclusions Ketamine administered during procedural sedation for painful procedures causes a statistically significant but modest increase in SBP, DBP, and HR. Orthopedic manipulation further increases BP.
Living drawing: Aesthetic teaching for moral artists

AbstractWith its inherent attributes such as qualitative immediacy, imaginativeness, and embodiment, John Dewey’s concept of aesthetic experience makes a difference in moral education, in the ways of empathetic moral perception, moral reasoning, and moral action. If it matters then how can we help students gain aesthetic experience? By analyzing teacher Ho-Chul Lee’s approach to teaching drawing, called living drawing, this question is examined in terms of aesthetic style of teacher and teaching, and the aesthetic educational environment. This article will provide insights into how living drawing as an approach promotes aesthetic experiences and how it influences students’ moral experiences.
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Its Diseases

This chapter focuses on the biochemical mechanisms underlying diseases associated with carbohydrate metabolism. The major function of ingested carbohydrates is to serve as energy sources. Carbohydrates are also precursors of essential intermediates for use in synthetic processes. The digestion of carbohydrates in animals begins with the initial contact of the carbohydrates in their food with the enzymes of salivary juice. Starch of plant foods and glycogen of meat are split into their constituent monosaccharides by the action of amylase and maltase. This activity ceases as the food matter passes into the stomach, where the enzymatic action is destroyed by hydrochloric acid. Within the stomach, only a small portion of the ingested carbohydrate is hydrolyzed before passing into the small intestine. In the small intestine, digestion of carbohydrates takes place quickly by the carbohydrate-splitting enzymes contained in the pancreatic juice and in the succus entericus. This chapter begins with a discussion on digestion, absorption, and metabolism of absorbed carbohydrates. The chapter also elaborates concepts related to insulin and carbohydrate metabolism. The subject of blood glucose and its regulation is also explained. The chapter concludes with presenting an overview of the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and disorders of ruminants associated with hypoglycemia.
Measuring the Impacts of Teachers: Reply

Abstract Rothstein (2017) successfully replicates Chetty, Friedman, and Rockoff's (2014a, b)—henceforth, CFR's—results using data from North Carolina, but raises concerns about CFR's methods. We show that Rothstein's methodological critiques are invalid by presenting simulations and supplementary empirical evidence which show that (i) his preferred imputation of missing data generates bias; (ii) his “placebo test” rejects valid research designs; and (iii) his method of controlling for covariates yields inconsistent estimates of teachers' long-term effects. Consistent with the conclusions of Bacher-Hicks, Kane, and Staiger (2016) using data from Los Angeles, we conclude that Rothstein's replication study ultimately reinforces CFR's methods and results. (JEL H75, I21, J45)
Quantifying the efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae translocation tags

Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways into organelles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to improve chemical production. Pathway compartmentalization aids chemical production by bringing enzymes into close proximity to one another, placing enzymes near key starting metabolites or essential co-factors, increasing the effective concentration of metabolic intermediates, and providing a more suitable chemical environment for enzymatic activity. Although several translocation tags have been used to localize enzymes to different yeast organelles, their translocation efficiencies have not been quantified. Here, we systematically quantify the translocation efficiencies of 10 commonly used S. cerevisiae tags by localizing green fluorescent protein (GFP) into three yeast organelles: the mitochondrion (4 tags), the vacuole (3 tags), and the peroxisome (3 tags). Further, we investigate whether plasmid copy number or mRNA levels vary with tag translocation efficiency. Quantification of the efficiencies of S. cerevisiae translocation tags provides an important resource for bioengineering practitioners when choosing a tag to compartmentalize their desired protein. Finally, these efficiencies can be used to determine the percentage of enzyme compartmentalization and, thus, help better quantify effects of compartmentalization on metabolic pathway efficiency.
Access's Unsung Hero: The [Impending] Rise of Embedded Metadata

COLUMN EDITOR'S NOTES The “Advances in Library Data and Access” column examines technological advances internal and external to libraries. The focus is on how library data is created and used. The strength of the column is its broad, international focus and contributors are encouraged to explore issues and recent advances in information technology relevant to their geographical region, as well as the larger, global audience. Interested authors are invited to submit proposals and articles to the column editor at moulaisonhe@missouri.edu. Please include “IILR Submission” in the subject line of the e-mail.
Work-related mortality in the US fishing industry during 2000-2014: New findings based on improved workforce exposure estimates.

Background Commercial fishing is a global industry that has been frequently classified as high-risk. The use of detailed surveillance data is critical in identifying hazards. Methods The purpose of this study was to provide updated statistics for the entire US fishing industry during 2010-2014, generate fleet-specific fatality rates using a revised calculation of full-time equivalent estimates, and examine changes in the patterns of fatalities and in risk over a 15-year period (2000-2014). Results During 2010-2014, 188 commercial fishing fatalities occurred in the United States. Vessel disasters and falls overboard remain leading contributors to commercial fishing deaths. The Atlantic scallop fleet stands out for achieving substantial declines in the risk of fatalities over the 15-year study period. However, fatality rates ranged from 21 to 147 deaths per 100 000 FTEs, many times higher than the rate for all US workers. Conclusions Although the number of fatalities among commercial fishermen in the United States has generally declined since 2000, commercial fishing continues to have one of the highest occupational fatality rates in the United States. The sustainable seafood movement could assist in improving the health and safety of fishing industry workers if worker well-being was integrated into the definition of sustainable seafood.
SOME OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the operating characteristics of linear discriminant functions. In many situations, there is a need to classify or assign an individual to one of two groups under conditions of uncertainty. To aid in reaching a decision, it is usual to measure the individual on variables whose values are considered to be affected by the group to which he belongs. These measurements are compared, in some way, with corresponding measurements for individuals known to belong to each of the two possible groups under consideration, and the individual is assigned to the group to which he is closer. Among the best known statistical procedures developed to handle classification problems of this kind are Fisher's linear discriminant function and Anderson's classification statistic, which is a modification of the linear discriminant function.
Gender, Space, and the Violence of the Everyday in Parque Industrial

In her analysis of Parque Industrial, Gormley tactfully utilizes literature as historical evidence, allowing the reader to more fully examine the richness of the relationship between gender, violence, and space through the lens of everyday. In doing so she affords the reader an opportunity to examine the lives of women who did not operate within their prescribed spaces and roles within the Brazilian context. This work offers an in-depth look into the relationship between the narrative of modernity, constructed and disseminated by the First Vargas administration, and space(s) often defined as dangerous and violent, seeking to more fully understand if such everyday spaces can also be gendered and hold different experiences for women.
Bulk Density of Bio-Fuel Byproducts

Pig diets in Iowa have historically been formulated using corn and soybean meal and the physical characteristics of that type of diet are well known. Virtually all feed storage, handling, and delivery systems found in Iowa are designed considering corn-soybean meal diets. Bio-fuel co-products are increasingly being included in pig diets. The bulk density of bio-fuel co-products is not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the bulk density of 12 individual co-products, 12 grains, oilseeds, and other pig diet ingredients, and 11 mixed pig diets using established measuring apparatus and procedures. An alternative apparatus was designed and evaluated for measuring bulk density of pig diets, grains, oilseeds, and bio-fuel co-products. Diet formulation affects bulk density with most diets examined differing in bulk density from ground corn. All co-products examined have a bulk density less than whole corn or ground corn. Incorporating co-products into pig diets will result in a more bulky feed. The precise relationship between co-product inclusion and the bulk density of the final diet remain to be determined. In general, adding co-products from bio-fuel production to swine diets results in reduced bulk density. Bulk density measurements are affected by measuring device used, but the differences are consistent. For the fabricated device described in this report, a correction factor of 66-67% may be appropriate. Calibrating a fabricated device with a USDA tester is critical for accurate bulk density measures.
Formation of novel isoprostane-like compounds from docosahexaenoic acid.

Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are prostaglandin (PG)-like compounds that are formed non-enzymatically in vivo by free radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid.1 Formation of these compounds proceeds through bicyclic endoperoxide intermediates resembling PGH2. The endoperoxide intermediates are then reduced to PGF2-like compounds termed F2-IsoPS or undergo rearrangement to form D-ring and E-ring IsoPs (D2/E2-IsoPs)2 and thromboxane-like compounds (isothromboxanes).3 Unlike cyclooxygenase derived PGs in which arachidonic acid must first be released from phospholipids prior to oxygenation, IsoPs are formed completely in situ esterified in lipids and are subsequently released by a phospholipase(s) A2.4 Since the identification of these compounds, we have accumulated a large body of evidence showing that quantification of IsoPs provides an accurate measure of lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo.5,6 Further, at least three of these compounds possess biological activity1,2,7 and thus may mediate some of the adverse effects associated with oxidant stress.
The Study of Early Experience

In analyzing methodological statements in the area of early experience, one finds two approaches prevalent in the literature. One approach concentrates on the analysis problem (i.e., different types of correlational techniques, ANOVA versus MANOVA). The other approach concentrates on the design aspect (how one studies the phenomena under scrutiny regardless of how the data will be subsequently analyzed). Our emphasis in the present chapter will be on the design aspects of early experience. In part, this decision is based on reviews suggesting that too much emphasis is placed on data analysis with too little emphasis placed on problems in data collection (Wachs & Mariotto, 1978). Badly collected data will yield little of value regardless of how elegant are the statistical approaches used (that is to say, garbage in, garbage out, regardless of how expensive a compactor one has). Our decision is also based on the existence of an excellent volume, The Study of Behavioral Development (Wohlwill, 1973b), which surveys many of the available statistical approaches for individuals interested in developmental problems including the study of early experience. In contrast to Wohl will, we will be concentrating mainly on design problems. Suggestions for data analysis will be made only when specifically relevant.
Single-Center Case Series of Temporary Stent Assistance for Coiling of Acutely Ruptured Aneurysms.

Background Wide-necked intracranial aneurysms continue to pose a challenge for endovascular surgeons. Flow diversion and stent-assisted coiling are 2 techniques that have improved the ability to manage these lesions, but these require the use of dual antiplatelet therapy. In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, dual antiplatelet therapy is relatively contraindicated, and many surgeons prefer to use open techniques or balloon assistance for coiling, although at times the latter is not feasible. We describe temporary stent assistance using retrievable stents for coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms as an endovascular management option. Methods Surgeon case logs were retrospectively reviewed for cases of temporary stent assistance for aneurysm coiling. Cases were identified and compiled into a case series. Results Seven cases were identified, including 6 using the Solitaire FR device in an off-label manner as a temporary stent for assistance with coiling of wide-necked aneurysms. One patient experienced intraoperative aneurysm rupture (planned stent coiling; stent placement aborted after rupture), but otherwise no hemorrhagic complications were noted. Two patients experienced radiographic thromboembolic complications, with 1 patient requiring intervention during the index operation, but neither patient experienced demonstrable neurologic deficits postoperatively. After mean follow-up of 9 months, the average Glasgow Coma Scale score was 14, and the average modified Rankin Scale score was 1.2. Conclusions Stents and stent retrievers can be temporarily used for technically challenging aneurysms as an alternative to balloon assistance for treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms without needing to use dual antiplatelet therapy.
Altered hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling contributes to impaired angiogenesis in fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).

Previous studies in adult pulmonary hypertension reported that increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, alterations in endothelial HIF-1α signaling and its contribution to impaired angiogenesis in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) remain unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that HIF-1α levels are increased in lung endothelial cells in PPHN and contribute to impaired angiogenesis function. We examined HIF-1α expression and promoter activity in the isolated pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) from fetal lambs with or without PPHN induced by prenatal ductus arteriosus constriction. We measured the levels of HIF-1α downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glycolytic protein, hexokinase 2 (Hek-2) in PAEC from PPHN, and control lambs. We examined the effect of small interfering-RNA (siRNA) mediated knockdown of native HIF-1α on VEGF expression and in vitro angiogenesis function of PPHN-PAEC. HIF-1α protein levels were higher in the isolated PAEC from PPHN-lambs compared to controls. HIF-1α promoter activity and Hek-2 protein levels were higher in PPHN. VEGF protein levels and in vitro angiogenesis function were decreased in PAEC from PPHN lambs. HIF-1α silencing significantly increased the expression of VEGF and improved the angiogenesis function of PPHN PAEC. Aberrant HIF-1α signaling contributes to endothelial dysfunction and decreased angiogenesis in PPHN.