cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of 1998 'Russian Contagion' for the Hungary-Germany Pair of Interest Rates in a Reduced-Form Model

In this paper I use a reduced-form, tree-based model to fit the term structure for the AAA-rated (German) and risky (Hungarian; spread 120-140 bp) bonds in the 2-month period immediately preceding Aug. 1998 Russian default. The term structure was optimized by the stochastic, derivatives-free algorithm with accuracy typically better than 1% for risk-free and 1.5% for risky rates for all maturities. This study was motivated by the desire to observe contagion, because the default was such a momentous event for emerging-market finance, far exceeding the significance of Russian economy for the world markets in 1998. Both Germany and Hungary at the time were heavily exposed to the Russian market, Germany, in particular, as Russia's largest creditor. Moreover, the dynamics of Hungarian interest rates was closely following German rates (the coefficient of correlation ≥ 0.8). Despite an obvious strain on Russian finances, which was obvious to German holders of Russian debt well before August, we do not observe any particular structure in the pre-default hazard function which allows us to speak of contagion.Shortened version of this paper under the title "Contagion hypothesis and the risk of the sovereign bond portfolios" has been published in the book "Financial Risks: New Developments in Structured Finance & Credit Derivatives", edited by C. Gourieroux and M. Jeanblanc, Economica--Elsevier, 2009.
Improvements to water vapor transmission and capillary absorption measurements in porous materials

The vapor permeability (or equivalently the vapor diffusion resistance factor) and the capillary absorption coefficient are frequently used as inputs in hygrothermal or heat, air, and moisture (HAM) models. However, it has been well documented that the methods used to determine these properties are sensitive to the operator, and wide variations in the properties have been reported in round-robin testing. This paper presented an investigation into how these errors can be minimized for porous materials by different edge sealing techniques and also looked at whether automating these techniques can reduce operator artifacts. To automate the measurements, specimens were attached to a balance or load cell and then required no further interaction, which allows massive amounts of data to be collected. The extra data is advantageous for the beginning of the capillary absorption test where the moisture uptake is rapid. Most of the potential for errors in the vapor diffusion tests resulted from uncertainties in how the sample was sealed between the chambers and determining when the steady state region was reached, neither of which can be improved by automation.
Orthopaedic Pathology. 2nd ed.

Vincent J. Vigorita, with Bernard Ghelman and Douglas Mintz. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2008. 808 pages. $299.00. ISBN: 978-0-7817-9670-5. In the nine years since the first edition of this volume, there has been an explosive growth in the knowledge of cell-signaling mechanisms in bone development, growth, and repair. Seemingly little time goes by without the description of some hitherto unsuspected autocrine or paracrine relationship between bone cells that influences both the normal state and various disease states. Perhaps the sheer difficulty of keeping up with these rapid advancements has slowed the proliferation of textbooks on bone pathology. Consequently, while the first edition of this book was an ambitious undertaking, its revision to conform to the state of knowledge in 2008 must have been daunting. It is obvious from both editions of this …
Modeling and Characterization of MEMS Thermal Biosensors

In this paper, a closed-form analytical model, which considers the coupling of heat transfer effects and enzymatic reaction kinetics, is developed to describe the behavior of MEMS thermal biosensors for substrate detection either in flow-injection mode or flow-through mode. Simulation results show that the maximum thermopile output voltage is saturated at higher substrate concentrations for flow-injection mode. For flow-through mode, there exists an optimal flow rate which corresponds to the maximum thermopile output voltage. The optimal flow rate is inversely proportional to the concentration of the substrate involved in the reaction. A prototype MEMS thermal biosensor is fabricated and tested. The validity of the models is verified by comparison to the experimental results.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Feminist Themes in Philip Roth’s Goodbye, Columbus

The current article presents evidence that, in his novella Goodbye, Columbus, Philip Roth should be commended for illustrating the limitations placed on women in Jewish-American culture during the 1950s, rather than criticized for exhibiting the misogynistic viewpoints of that era. Roth uses a combination of male narration and female characterization to show the limited opportunities available to women. Brenda, the primary female protagonist, is presented from the perspective of the male narrator, Neil, as frustrating and incomprehensible. This characterization demonstrates the difference between Neil’s way of thinking, as a male, and Brenda’s as a female. Brenda is an affluent character who demonstrates that wealth alone cannot provide a woman with opportunities and freedoms that equal even those available to males of lesser status. Brenda lacks freedom, financially because of her lack of options as a woman, within her own skin because of a lack of autonomy over her body within sexual relationships, and over her self-image because of the criticism she experiences from her mother and the expectations placed upon her by her parents as a Jewish woman in 1950s society. The current article, therefore, argues that what is often misinterpreted as misogyny in Roth’s use of criticism of Brenda’s character by Neil is, in fact, a vivid demonstration of the lack of options and autonomy available to women in that era. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. David Salomon
Renal Insufficiency in a Solitary Kidney Secondary to Hydronephrosis of Pregnancy

AbstractA case is reported of renal insufficiency in a solitary kidney secondary to hydronephrosis of pregnancy. Evidence supporting obstruction on a mechanical basis is presented. This entity should be considered when pursuing a correctable cause for functional renal deterioration in pregnant women. The clinical importance of this entity in the management of renal insufficiency in the pregnant woman is discussed.
Happy places, horrible times, and scary learners: affective performances and sticky objects in inclusive classrooms

AbstractDrawing on data from two studies conducted in US public schools, this paper traces the affective productions and performances of teachers to illustrate the role of affect in delineating (non)normative pedagogical practices in inclusive classrooms. Occupying a borderland space in narrative inquiry that permitted the straddling of differing philosophical traditions, we sought to both acknowledge the agentive work of teachers as well as the affectively constituted nature of their engagements with schools and learners. Data from teacher narratives disclosed particular preconceptions of schools as ‘happy places,’ that delineated affective norms for an inclusive classroom. As teachers took up the affective responsibility of schools, they managed and modified their own as well as their students’ affective performances and orientations, producing meanings of disability that often worked at odds with inclusive ends. Their efforts indexed the importance of affect in the delineation of teacher competency for...
Stabilization of orthorhombic phase in single-crystal ZnSnN2 films

We report on the crystal structure of epitaxial ZnSnN2 films synthesized via plasma-assisted vapor deposition on (111) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and (001) lithium gallate (LiGaO2) substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements performed on ZnSnN2 films deposited on LiGaO2 substrates show evidence of single-crystal, phase-pure orthorhombic structure in the Pn21a symmetry [space group (33)], with lattice parameters in good agreement with theoretically predicted values. This Pn21a symmetry is imposed on the ZnSnN2 films by the LiGaO2 substrate, which also has orthorhombic symmetry. A structural change from the wurtzite phase to the orthorhombic phase in films grown at high substrate temperatures ∼550°C and low values of nitrogen flux ∼10−5 Torr is observed in ZnSnN2 films deposited on YSZ characterized by lattice contraction in the basal plane and a 5.7% expansion of the out-of-plane lattice parameter.
Induced Human Decidual NK-Like Cells Improve Utero-Placental Perfusion in Mice.

Decidual NK (dNK) cells, a distinct type of NK cell, are thought to regulate uterine spiral artery remodeling, a process that allows for increased blood delivery to the fetal-placental unit. Impairment of uterine spiral artery remodeling is associated with decreased placental perfusion, increased uterine artery resistance, and obstetric complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Ex vivo manipulation of human peripheral blood NK (pNK) cells by a combination of hypoxia, TGFs-1 and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine yields cells with phenotypic and in vitro functional similarities to dNK cells, called idNK cells. Here, gene expression profiling shows that CD56Bright idNK cells derived ex vivo from human pNK cells, and to a lesser extent CD56Dim idNK cells, are enriched in the gene expression signature that distinguishes dNK cells from pNK cells. When injected into immunocompromised pregnant mice with elevated uterine artery resistance, idNK cells homed to the uterus and reduced the uterine artery resistance index, suggesting improved placental perfusion.
Systematic Review of Evidence for Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Step 3.

Background:The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding outline maternity practices that protect, promote, and support breastfeeding and serve as the foundation for the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiati...
Children’s Participation in Planning and Design

Democratic responsibility can be acquired only through practice and involvement. It does not arise suddenly in adulthood through simple maturation; it must be fostered directly from an early age.I believe that the environments we occupy as children and the extent to which we feel involved in shaping them, or caring for them, is a particularly important domain for such learning. Motivating the following account is the general conviction that genuine participation, involving the responsible sharing of power, is critical to the achievement of democracy. What this means for children’s participation is an important question for all of us who work with children, whether in research or in practice. This chapter is a beginning attempt to answer this question. It outlines the benefits of children’s participation in environmental planning and design and summarizes what we know from psychology and other disciplines as a beginning guide to the practice of this all-too-rare activity.
Effects of Various Training Programs on Speed of Swimming

Abstract Six groups of subjects were tested to determine if various training programs affected performance in speed in swimming 30 yards. No evidence of improvement was found after one group of subjects had been exposed to absolutely no exercise for six weeks and, also, after a group of subjects had participated in various exercises with weights three times weekly for six weeks. Two groups of swimmers who participated in practicing starts, kicking, arm stroking, and sprinting 30 and 60 yards significantly improved their performances in speed in swimming; one group of subjects followed the preceding program three times weekly and another group used the same routine six times a week. Two other groups, one of which was exposed to weight training and swimming, and one of which was exposed only to 30-yard sprints and practicing starts, both showed statistically significant differences in performance.
Toward a Unified Theory of Value: From Austrian Economics to Austrian Philosophy

Under one understanding of marketing, this discipline focuses on the creation of customer value. Although nobody doubts today that value is subjective and it emerges from consumer judgment, the causality is less clear. Do producers bring about value, or do consumers receive ‘raw’ products that only attain value in their estimation? Or, do producers and consumers co-create value as much of contemporary marketing theory assumes? Recent works on value creation, the building of customer relationships, and the service-dominant logic are related to insights derived from both Austrian schools of value theory. The emphasis on value as a ratio between perceived benefits and perceived costs may be seen as a continuation of Menger’s and Wieser’s work. The focus on relations as a category distinct from goods goes back to Bohm-Bawerk. And the service-dominant logic reflects insights developed both by Menger and by philosophers of the Brentano School. The direct influence of Austrian economics on business studies is small and is restricted to very few scholars. But the potential is great for a fruitful development of current approaches in marketing by drawing on insights from Austrian economics and, perhaps even more so, from Austrian philosophy. This paper defines the relations between the thought from economists and philosophers and presents examples for how cutting-edge marketing thinking may profit from both Austrian schools of value.
Calcium-dependent ultrasound stimulation of secretory events from pancreatic beta cells

Our previous studies have indicated that ultrasound can stimulate the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, providing a potential novel treatment for type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the temporal dynamics and Ca2+-dependency of ultrasound-stimulated secretory events from dopamine-loaded pancreatic beta cells in an in vitro setup. Carbon fiber amperometry was used to detect secretion from INS-1832/13 beta cells in real time. The levels of released insulin were also measured in response to ultrasound treatment using insulin-specific ELISA kit. Beta cells were exposed to continuous wave 800 kHz ultrasound at intensities of 0.1 W/cm2, 0.5 W/cm2 and 1 W/cm2 for several seconds. Cell viability tests were done with trypan blue dye exclusion test and MTT analysis. Carbon fiber amperometry experiments showed that application of 800 kHz ultrasound at intensities of 0.5 and 1 W/cm2 was capable of stimulating secretory events for durations lasting as long as the duration of the stimulus. Furthermore, the amplitude of the detected peaks was reduced by 64% (p < 0.01) when extracellular Ca2+ was chelated with 10 mM EGTA in cells exposed to ultrasound intensity of 0.5 W/cm2. Measurements of released insulin in response to ultrasound stimulation showed complete inhibition of insulin secretion by chelating extracellular Ca2+ with 10 mM EGTA (p < 0.01). Viability studies showed that 800 kHz, 0.5 W/cm2 ultrasound did not cause any significant effects on viability and metabolic activity in cells exposed to ultrasound as compared to sham-treated cells. Our results demonstrated that application of ultrasound was capable of stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells in a safe, controlled and Ca2+-dependent manner.
Weight and Nutrition

The nutritional needs of the geriatric patient are influenced by many factors. Changes associated with aging, individual behavior, drugs, and disease augment nutritional risk for older adults. As with persons of all ages, proper nutrition and maintaining a healthy weight are very important in elderly Long-term care (LTC) residents (including subacute care, assisted living, and nursing homes, all herein generically grouped together under the rubric of “LTC”). Optimal nutrition should ideally improve health, functioning, and quality of life and reduce the risk of morbidity, mortality, and complications such as osteoporosis, weakness, pressure sores, impaired immunity, frailty, and sarcopenia. Weight loss is a negative quality indicator and risk factor for poor outcomes – survival is markedly improved with appropriate and adequate nutrition. However, maintaining appropriate nutrition, hydration, oral intake, and weight may be challenging particularly in some elderly LTC residents. Those who have dementia, depression, and gastrointestinal, neurological, musculoskeletal, or psychiatric disorders or indeed any medical condition or drug that may impair appetite, mobility, swallowing, chewing, feeding, digestion, and bowel function are especially at nutritional risk.
Structure and vibrational properties of the dominant O-H center in β-Ga2O3

Hydrogen has a strong influence on the electrical properties of transparent conducting oxides where it can give rise to shallow donors and can passivate deep compensating defects. We have carried out infrared absorption experiments on H- and D-doped β-Ga2O3 that involve temperature- and polarization-dependent effects as well as relative H- and D-concentrations to probe the defect structures that hydrogen can form. The results of analysis of these data, coupled with detailed theoretical calculations, show that the dominant O-H vibrational line observed at 3437 cm−1 for hydrogenated Ga2O3 is due to a relaxed VGa-2H center.
The role of microglia in regeneration.

Injury to the facial nerve results in a regenerative response of facial motor neurons (FMN) in the facial nucleus. The complex metabolic events that develop in injured FMN as a direct consequence of the nerve lesion affect not only the motor neurons themselves, but also exert consequential influences on their immediate microenvironment. Located throughout the neuropil of the facial nucleus are glial cells, among them microglia, which react sensitively to any disturbance affecting FMN. Following is a summary of some of the known microglial reactions that occur in response to lesions affecting FMN, as well as discussion on how microglial reactivity might play a role in regeneration.
Rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites

The last two decades of research on high performance rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites have produced a wide variety of material systems for evaluation. The purpose here is not to present a comprehensive review but rather to describe these relatively recent research developments with regard to the synthetic methods and approaches that have been utilized. In doing this some properties of the polymers are discussed as well as some of the problems encountered in conjunction with their synthesis and evaluation. In an effort to limit the scope of the review, we will address only aromatic heterocyclic rigid-rod polymers, extended chain polymers and derived molecular composities.
ENDOTHELIAL FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS PROTECT AGAINST GROUP 3 HYPOXIA INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is caused by hypoxemia resulting from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) and FGF Receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1/2) levels are elevated in PH patients and in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia.
Physical health burden of PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in the U.S. veteran population: Morbidity, functioning, and disability.

Abstract Objective Although it is well-established that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with physical health difficulties among U.S. veterans, the incremental burden of having both disorders relative to either one alone remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to provide the first population-based characterization of the burden of medical illness associated with PTSD, MDD, and their comorbidity among U.S. veterans. Methods Data were from National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. veterans (n = 2732). Analyses (a) examined the magnitude of medical comorbidity and disability associated with PTSD, MDD, and co-occurring PTSD/MDD; and (b) compared physical functioning by PTSD/MDD status. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and substance use disorders, veterans with comorbid PTSD/MDD were more likely to be diagnosed with heart disease, migraine, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis compared to those with MDD-only. Conversely, they were at greater odds of being diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension relative to those with PTSD-only. Comorbid PTSD/MDD status was associated with approximately three times greater odds of disability compared to MDD alone. Veterans with co-occurring PTSD/MDD and PTSD-only exhibited worse physical functioning than those with MDD-only. Conclusion Findings indicate that veterans with co-occurring PTSD/MDD represent a high-risk group for cardiovascular disease and other health problems, and therefore deserve careful attention from healthcare systems. Further research is needed to investigate mechanisms underlying associations between PTSD/MDD and physical health morbidities, as well as whether treatment of PTSD/MDD can reduce risk for comorbid medical conditions.
In-depth serum virome analysis in patients with acute liver failure with indeterminate etiology

In clinical virome research, whole-genome/transcriptome amplification is required when starting material is limited. An improved method, named "template-dependent multiple displacement amplification" (tdMDA), has recently been developed in our lab (Wang et al. in BioTechniques 63:21-25. https://doi.org/10.2144/000114566, 2017). In combination with Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics pipelines, its application in virome sequencing was explored using a serum sample from a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In comparison to an amplification-free procedure, virome sequencing via tdMDA showed a 9.47-fold enrichment for HCV-mapped reads and, accordingly, an increase in HCV genome coverage from 28.5% to 70.1%. Eight serum samples from acute patients liver failure (ALF) with or without known etiology were then used for virome sequencing with an average depth at 94,913x. Both similarity-based (mapping, NCBI BLASTn, BLASTp, and profile hidden Markov model analysis) and similarity-independent methods (machine-learning algorithms) identified viruses from multiple families, including Herpesviridae, Picornaviridae, Myoviridae, and Anelloviridae. However, their commensal nature and cross-detection ruled out an etiological interpretation. Together with a lack of detection of novel viruses in a comprehensive analysis at a resolution of single reads, these data indicate that viral agents might be rare in ALF cases with indeterminate etiology.
Thermal Wave Evaluation of Kapton-Laminated Copper Diffusion Bonds

In this work we report the application of thermal waves to the nondestructive evaluation of multilayered samples. We have studied diffusion bonding of copper films laminated between Kapton films. We discuss the possibility of measuring the size and quality of the bonds. Delaminations elsewhere in the multilayered material have also been detected. The measurements include cases of artificial defects in the bonds and between the copper and Kapton films as well as cases of real defects. The measurement method used was the conventional infrared thermal wave imaging system. It is shown that the bonds can be analyzed and delaminations detected by thermal waves in these multilayered samples.
Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ge-Cu and Ge-Au systems by mass spectrometry

The activities and partial molar heats of mixing have been determined for the liquid Ge-Cu system at 1525°C and the liquid Ge-Au system at 1400°C. The experimental technique consisted of analyzing Knudsen cell effusates with a TOF mass spectrometer. The ion current ratios for the monomeric vapor species were measured as a function of temperature and composition and the thermodynamic properties calculated using a modified form of the Gibbs-Duhem equations. Both systems exhibited negative deviations from ideal behavior. The results for the Raoultian activity coefficients can be partially represented by $$\begin{gathered} \log \gamma _{Ge} = - 2.521X_{Cu}^2 + 0.948 (0 \leqslant X_{Ge} \leqslant 0.2) \hfill \\ \log \gamma _{Cu} = - 0.048X_{Ge}^2 - 0.466 (0 \leqslant X_{Cu} \leqslant 0.2) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ for the Ge-Cu system at 1525°C and by $$\begin{gathered} \log \gamma _{Ge} = - 2.327X_{Au}^2 + 0.465 (0 \leqslant X_{Ge} \leqslant 0.35) \hfill \\ \log \gamma _{Au} = - 0.510X_{Ge}^2 - 0.489 (0 \leqslant X_{Au} \leqslant 0.30) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ for the Ge-Au system at 1400°C. An experimental technique is presented for determining the contribution of dissociative ionization of polymer species to the measured monomeric ion current ratio . The effect of dissociative ionization of the germanium polymer species present in the Knudsen ceil effusate was determined to be negligible.
Regular cannabis use is associated with blunted affective, but not cardiovascular, stress responses

Abstract Aims To examine the potential impact of regular cannabis use on cardiovascular and subjective responses to acute stress. Design We used a quasi-experimental design in which subjective states and cardiovascular measures were obtained during rest and in response to acute stress challenges in a sample of regular cannabis users and non-users. Participants Seventy-nine adults (forty-five cannabis users and thirty-four non-users). Measurements We measured subjective states (positive affect, state stress, state anxiety, cannabis craving) and cardiovascular indicators (blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure) during baseline rest and in response to public speaking, mental arithmetic, and cold-pressor challenges. Regular cannabis use was established via self-report and was confirmed with a positive urine drug test. Findings Regular cannabis use was associated with blunted positive affect (F = 5.67, p = .002), state stress (F = 6.05, p = .002), and state anxiety (F = 6.48, p Conclusion Chronic cannabis use is associated with blunted positive and negative (stress, anxiety) affective responses to acute stress, indicating emotional dysregulation in this population.
Conditioning well data to rule-based lobe model by machine learning with a generative adversarial network:

Rule-based reservoir modeling methods integrate geological depositional process concepts to generate reservoir models that capture realistic geologic features for improved subsurface predictions an...
Energy efficient memory with voltage control of magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures

Skyrmion manipulation utilizing Voltage Control of Magnetic Anisotropy (VCMA) can lead to small footprint nanomagnetic memory devices [1-2]. This talk will focus on using intermediate skyrmion states [3] to enable robust and energy efficient magnetization reversal with VCMA in the presence of thermal noise and defects and its scaling to lateral dimensions below 50 nm. We further discuss experimental demonstration of VCMA induced nonvolatile creation and annihilation of skyrmions in an antiferromagnet/ferromagnet/oxide heterostructure film [4] by applying a few volts. This could provide a pathway to control single skyrmion in an MTJ device using VCMA.
Contemporary Pharmacotherapeutic Approach in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Since the 1973 World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, advancements in the understanding of pathophysiology and pathobiology have led to a myriad of pharmacotherapies for the disease. This article journeys through the development of therapeutic approaches for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Hyperspectral imaging techniques for rapid detection of nutrient content of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars

Abstract The analyses of online quality measurements of four lettuce cultivars (Rex, Tacitus, Black Seeded Simpson, Flandria) using hyperspectral image processing techniques have been studied. Seedlings were planted in Rockwool cubes and fed for 3 weeks using hydroponic nutrient solution containing 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm nitrogen. The hyperspectral images of the freshly cut lettuce leaves were captured using hyperspectral camera in the wavelength range of 400–1,000 nm. The algorithm to measure nutrient levels of leaf tissues including nitrate (NO3–), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), soluble solid content (SSC), pH, and total chlorophyll concentration (SPAD reading) for lettuce was developed. To locate the optimum wave band combination values, simple linear regression models with two spectral data values, namely reflectance and its first derivative, and two spectral indices, namely ratio spectral index (RSI) and normalized difference spectral index (NDSI), were found. The optimal wave bands were within 506–601 nm and 634–701 nm. The nutrient levels of NO3–, Ca2+, K+, SSC, pH, and SPAD in the leaf samples were estimated using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques of the four optimal wave bands. Both PLSR and PCA models produced well correlated outcome in comparison with the laboratory measured freshly cut lettuce leaves in predicting nutrient contents with R2 = 0.784–0.987.
ALTERATIONS OF MUCOSA AT THE PREMALIGNANT LEVEL

SUMMARY Oral mucosal premalignant lesions are well known to clinicians worldwide; however, the relevance to invasive cancer is often underappreciated or ill understood. Recent advances in the areas of molecular biology have begun to permit a closer understanding of the fundamental alterations at the genetic and biochemical level, prior to or in concert with the clinically and histologically evident changes to which we have grown accustomed and clinically defined by the terms leukoplakia and erythroplakia. Concepts of traditional carcinogen-induced mucosal changes at the histologic level have been strengthened and correlated with a growing list of genetic alterations within affected cells. Identification of newly synthesized proteins coded by activated oncogenes and deletions or absence of suppressor proteins secondary to the carcinogenesis process can be made. Sensitive laboratory methodologies allow identification and analysis of abnormal keratin products and other substances, such as involucrin and filaggrin, as well as virally directed products within transformed cells. These findings allow a better understanding of premalignant behavior and the reasons for such. The premalignant cellular and tissue changes permit the corresponding histologic and clinical alterations to remain the mainstay of clinical practice. Reflected in the eyes of the clinician and pathologist are the basic molecular alterations that lead to the behavioral alterations characterized as premalignant disease.
Exploring the barriers and facilitators to menstrual hygiene management for women experiencing homelessness

Introduction: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is often overlooked in research despite being an occupation for many people, including adolescent and adult women as well as transgender and gender ...
Rare case of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the maxillary sinus

Colorectal carcinoma metastases to the head and neck are exceedingly rare. Patients may present with vague symptoms that may lead to a delay in diagnosis. We report the case of a 51-year-old man with a known history of stage IIIB colorectal adenocarcinoma who presented with right-sided molar tooth bleeding and right-sided palate swelling that led to difficulty speaking, eating and weight-loss of 15 pounds. Imaging studies revealed a 3.1×4.8×3 cm mass that was centred around the posterior aspect of the maxilla. Pathology revealed moderately differentiated intestinal type adenocarcinoma of colonic subtype, immune histochemistry was positive for CDX2, CK20 and MUC2, thus confirming metastatic disease to the maxilla. The patient is undergoing chemoradiation therapy for palliation of his symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of this potentional site of metastatic disease and suspect the diagnosis in a timely manner to avoid delays in making a diagnosis.
Some assembly required: Including technical writing in general composition curriculum

Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English.
Testing combinations of parameters made easy [software testing]

Given a set of application or system-specific parameters that may interact incorrectly, do not rely on guesswork in selecting which combinations of those parameters to test. This paper describes a technique and free tool called ReduceArray2 that simplify the process of identifying a minimal or near-minimal set of tests to exercise all pairs of parameters.
Investigation of a spectrally flat multi-wavelength DWDM source based on optical phase- and intensity-modulation

We investigate a simple DWDM source based on phase- and intensity-modulation. A 31-channel frequency comb with /spl plusmn/1.5 dB power variation, penalty-free operation and operation over 100 nm is demonstrated. The coherent crosstalk concern in real systems is also addressed.
Building an Inductive Argument

In the previous chapters, we followed the strategies, schemes, and arguments built by second-, third-, and fourth-grade students as they worked on combinatorial tasks. In this chapter, we trace how Stephanie and her classmates tried to make sense of the inductive method of generating towers. This strategy was originated by Milin, but it was eventually adopted by many other students. We attempt to identify the moments at which individual students gained ownership of the inductive argument and explained their new understanding to others.
Teaching Note—Incorporating Journal Clubs Into Social Work Education: An Exploratory Model

This article outlines the implementation of a journal club for master's and doctoral social work students interested in mental health practice. It defines educational journal clubs and discusses the history of journal clubs in medical education and the applicability of the model to social work education. The feasibility of implementing journal clubs in a school of social welfare is highlighted. The journal club received high ratings on student evaluations indicating participants thought it was a valuable addition to their education. Journal clubs align with the program mission and goals of the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) set forth by the Council of Social Work Education (CSWE), and they can be an affordable, easily implemented, and sustainable supplement to traditional research curricula.
Computer Engineering Education

The sections in this article are 1 Early Development of Computer Engineering Education 2 Development of Accreditation Activities 3 Organization of Computer Engineering Education 4 Basic Computer Engineering Curriculum 5 Future Trends
Design and B-field measurements of a Lambertson injection magnet for the RHIC machine

Two Lambertson-type injection magnets have been designed, constructed and tested magnetically. One magnet is the mirror image of the other and each will serve as an injector in the rings of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) accelerators under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). To obtain the required field quality in the injected beam region and low stray fields in the circulating beam region of the magnet, an optimization study was performed using computer codes to provide solutions for a two and three dimensional model of the magnet. The calculations are compared to the magnetic field measurements taken in the injected and circulating beam regions mentioned above. Field inhomogeneities in the injected beam region were less than 6/spl times/10/sup -4/ for either measured or calculated B-fields. The magnetic-field strength in the circulating beam region was less than 0.1 Gauss (measured or calculated). A description of the mechanical design of the magnet as well as a detailed comparison of the measured magnetic fields to these calculated using the two and three dimensional computer codes is presented here.
Cost-Estimating For Commercial Digital Printing

The purpose of this study is to document current cost-estimating practices used in commercial digital printing. A research study was conducted to determine the use of cost-estimating in commercial digital printing companies. This study answers the questions: 1) What methods are currently being used to estimate digital printing? 2) What is the relationship between estimating and pricing digital printing? 3) To what extent, if at all, do digital printers use full-absorption, all-inclusive hourly rates for estimating? Three different digital printing models were identified: 1) Traditional print providers, who supplement their offset presswork with digital printing for short-run color and versioned commercial print; 2) "Low-touch" print providers, who leverage the power of the Internet to streamline business transactions with digital storefronts; 3) Marketing solutions providers, who see printing less as a discrete manufacturing process and more as a component of a complete marketing campaign. Each model approaches estimating differently. Understanding and predicting costs can be extremely beneficial. Establishing a reliable system to estimate those costs can be somewhat challenging though. Unquestionably, cost-estimating digital printing will increase in relevance in the years ahead, as margins tighten and cost knowledge becomes increasingly more critical.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in acute stroke patients.

I have read with great interest the article from Dr. Rossi et al about the lack of benefit of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in acute stroke patients. [1] More intense rehabilitation results in better functional recovery after strokes. [2] The effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment might be enhanced through simultaneous application of brain stimulation, possibly through improved learning ability.[3] However, non-standardized occupational therapy is variable in its duration, frequency and even in the focus on recovery of the more affected arm versus teaching compensatory techniques. Timing and intensity of the rehabilitative therapy in relation to tDCS is crucial considering the limited length of stimulation effect and possible metaplastic effects interfering with the effect of the treatment at different time points after the stimulation ends.[4,5] If these parameters were not standardized and balanced between sham and anodal tDCS, it may have been difficult for this otherwise well done challenging study to show benefit. Furthermore, although enrollment time after stroke was admirably uniform, other rehabilitative treatments, medical interventions, (e.g anti-epileptic or stimulant medications) lesion location and size and genetically heterogeneous individual responsiveness to stimulation may alter the effectiveness of tDCS that can confound results in small parallel groups. Lastly, due to its wider area of cortical stimulation, tDCS may have unexpected clinical benefits in other domains[6]. If the aim was to investigate the broader utility of tDCS to accelerate stroke recovery as the title claims, instead of focusing on motor recovery, then reporting additional behavioral measures would have been helpful. The NIH stroke scale may not be sensitive enough to demonstrate all clinically important changes in these domains.
Content-based visualization for intelligent problem-solving environments

Mechanisms are proposed to allow visualization to become an active agent in the problem-solving environment. Two main problems are addressed: dealing with too much data and allowing simulation steering. The agent solves these problems by extracting semantically interesting data for spatial and temporal understanding, enabling a dynamic and flexible behavior for simulation-integrated control, and intelligently creating visualizations that intuitively display the selected data. A significant event language is proposed to capture the semantically interesting data through event expressions which can then be parsed and monitored. Behavior is achieved through programmable, hierarchical finite-state machines with events mapped to the arcs and interactions with the visualization and simulation mapped to the nodes. A knowledge-based data mapping process has been designed which uses visual perceptual knowledge and problem-specific knowledge represented in cognitive maps to create visualizations. This architecture has been applied within a watershed simulation application and a prototype has been developed.
Characterization of the Intracellular Domain of Receptor Activator of NF-κB (RANK) INTERACTION WITH TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND ACTIVATION OF NF-κB AND c-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE

Various members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily interact directly with signaling molecules of the TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family to activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. The receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), a recently described TNF receptor family member, and its ligand, RANKL, promote survival of dendritic cells and differentiation of osteoclasts. RANK contains 383 amino acids in its intracellular domain (residues 234–616), which contain three putative TRAF-binding domains (termed I, II, and III). In this study, we set out to identify the region of RANK needed for interaction with TRAF molecules and for stimulation of NF-κB and JNK activity. We constructed epitope-tagged RANK (F-RANK616) and three C-terminal truncations, F-RANK330, F-RANK427, and F-RANK530, lacking 85, 188, and 285 amino acids, respectively. From this deletion analysis, we determined that TRAF2, TRAF5, and TRAF6 interact with RANK at its C-terminal 85-amino acid tail; the binding affinity appeared to be in the order of TRAF2 > TRAF5 > TRAF6. Furthermore, overexpression of RANK stimulated JNK and NF-κB activation. When the C-terminal tail, which is necessary for TRAF binding, was deleted, the truncated RANK receptor was still capable of stimulating JNK activity but not NF-κB, suggesting that interaction with TRAFs is necessary for NF-κB activation but not necessary for activation of the JNK pathway.
cDNA microarray gene expression profiling of hedgehog signaling pathway inhibition in human colon cancer cells.

Background Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays a critical role in normal cellular processes, in normal mammalian gastrointestinal development and differentiation, and in oncogenesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotype in a variety of human cancers. Increasing evidence further implicates the involvement of HH signaling in oncogenesis and metastatic behavior of colon cancers. However, genomic approaches to elucidate the role of HH signaling in cancers in general are lacking, and data derived on HH signaling in colon cancer is extremely limited.
The Cardiac Component of Orienting Behavior: Response to Stimuli of Varying Intensity

(1953). The Cardiac Component of Orienting Behavior: Response to Stimuli of Varying Intensity. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 163-168.
Dissolution of Columbia River Basalt under mildly acidic conditions as a function of temperature: Experimental results relevant to the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide

Abstract Increasing attention is being focused on the rapid rise of CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which many believe to be the major contributing factor to global climate change. Sequestering CO2 in deep geological formations has been proposed as a long-term solution to help stabilize CO2 levels. However, before such technology can be developed and implemented, a basic understanding of H2O–CO2 systems and the chemical interactions of these fluids with the host formation must be obtained. Important issues concerning mineral stability, reaction rates, and carbonate formation are all controlled or at least significantly impacted by the kinetics of rock–water reactions in mildly acidic, CO2-saturated solutions. Basalt has recently been identified as a potentially important host formation for geological sequestration. Dissolution kinetics of the Columbia River Basalt (CRB) were measured for a range of temperatures (25–90 °C) under mildly acidic to neutral pH conditions using the single-pass flow-through test method. Under anaerobic conditions, the normalized dissolution rates for CRB decrease with increasing pH (3 ⩽ pH ⩽ 7) with a slope, η, of −0.15 ± 0.01. Activation energy, Ea, has been estimated at 32.0 ± 2.4 kJ mol−1. Dissolution kinetics measurements like these are essential for modeling the rate at which CO2-saturated fluids react with basalt and ultimately drive conversion rates to carbonate minerals in situ.
Ammonia detoxification in the fatty liver.

Summary Fatty livers were produced by feeding weanling rats a diet made 1% in orotic acid. Liver slices from these animals exhibited a sharply reduced capacity for the incorporation of ( 14 C)NaHCO 3 into urea. However, the ability of the intact animal to survive a single challenge of ammonium acetate was not compromised by fatty metamorphosis of the liver; if anything, animals with the fatty liver seemed protected against ammonia toxicity.
Radiometric FLIR For Thermography

The Honeywell Medical Scanner has been developed to accurately measure human body temperatures in a laboratory environment. Specifically, it detects abnormal blood profusion, an indicator of cancer, in the breast and surrounding areas of the body. The scanner uses Honeywell's high performance TV compatible FLIR technology, similar to the AN/AAQ-9 and Chaparral FLIRs, to produce radiometrically calibrated FLIR imagery which may be digitized, for computer processing, or stored on video tape for playback at a later date. The calibrated imagery is produced by referencing the image seen by the front objective to two internal standards. These standards set the gain and level of the output video such that voltage out corresponds to a given observed temperature. By sampling a section of the frame and integrating over several frames, thermal resolution of 0.1°C may be achieved.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The characteristic polynomial of a chemical graph

We list uses of, and the computational methods for the characteristic polynomial of a (chemical) graph. Pour computational methods are singled out for more detailed presentation. These are the graphical methods of Sachs, the recurrence formulae for several classes of simple graphs, the method based on Ulam subgraphs, and the Le Verrier — Faddeev — Franic recursive method. The latter method appears, at present, to be the most efficient procedure for the computation of the characteristic polynomials of graphs of sizes with up to even a few hundred sites.
Faulted Section Identification Method Based on the Transient Current Distribution for the NUGS

The faulted feeder selection and fault identification under the condition of single-phase earth fault in the neutral un-effectual grounded system (NUGS) has long been a problem. As a matter of fact, existing methods that have been proposed may face some difficulty in the case of some scenarios, as the impact of the Petersen coil must be taken into consideration, or when the accurate location of the faulted point is required and the zero-sequence current cannot be measured. To against this, a novel faulted section identification method based on the transient current distribution is put forward by means of theoretical analysis and simulation study. It is shown by the results that this methods can give accurate location of the fault by comparing the transient RMS value of the upstream and the downstream of the fault point, even though the Petersen coil is switched in.