cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding of cytoskeletal proteins by monoclonal anti-DNA lupus autoantibodies☆

Abstract Monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies produced by hybridomas derived from MRL - lpr lpr mice and human lupus patients were found to bind to the cytoskeleton of mink lung cells. When tested by indirect immunofluorescence, 17 29 human monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies reacted with the cytoskeleton; 4 of the 29 also produced antinuclear reactions with epithelial cells. The cytoskeletal staining was not inhibited by prior treatment of the cells with DNase, but it was completely blocked by prior incubation of the monoclonal antibodies with DNA and other nucleic acids. The ability of the polynucleotides to inhibit the cytoskeletal staining corresponded to their ability to bind to the antibodies in competitive immunoassays. An (Fab′)2 preparation of a monoclonal antibody bound to the cytoskeleton as well as the whole immunoglobulin. The effect of colcemid on the staining pattern, the blocking effect of a monoclonal antivimentin antibody, and results with nitrocellulose blots of cellular proteins indicated that the cytoskeletal protein to which the antibodies bound was vimentin.
A cancer chemopreventive agent silibinin, targets mitogenic and survival signaling in prostate cancer.

There are many epigenetic variables that affect the biological responses of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine regulatory molecules, which determine the growth and development of different cancers including prostate cancer (PCA). One of the focuses of the current cancer chemoprevention studies is the search for non-toxic chemopreventive agents that inhibit mitogenic and cell survival signaling in cancer cells. In general, advanced stage cancer cells harbor many constitutively active mitogenic signaling and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, which make them less dependent on external growth factors as well as resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, silibinin (a naturally occuring flavanone) has shown the pleiotropic anticancer effects in different cancer cells. Our extensive studies with PCA have shown that inhibition of mitogenic and cell survival signaling, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor type I and nuclear factor kappa B signaling are the most likely molecular targets of silibinin's efficacy in PCA. We have observed that silibinin inhibits prostate tumor growth in animal models without any apparent signs of toxicity. At the same time, silibinin is also physiologically available in different organs of the body including plasma and prostate, which is generally required for the pharmacological dosing and translational mechanistic studies of the compound. There are substantial amount of data to support the inhibitory effect of silibinin on mitogenic and cell survival signaling in PCA, which are reviewed in the present communication.
Psychosocial and behavioral factors related to the post-partum placements of infants born to cocaine-using women☆

Objective One objective was to determine if cocaine-using women who did not maintain infant custody (NMC) would report more psychological distress, domestic violence, negative coping skills, lower social support and more childhood trauma than cocaine-using women who maintained custody (MC) of their infant. A second objective was to evaluate the relative contribution of psychosocial factors to infant placement.
An experimental investigation of entrained liquid carry-over from a serpentine evaporator

Abstract The quantity of liquid emerging as droplets entrained in superheated vapour at a serpentine evaporator exit is reported. Experiments were conducted under widely varying conditions representative of current and anticipated domestic refrigerator operation using oil-free R134a. A fractional factorial matrix was used to investigate the effects of exit superheat, inlet quality and heat and mass flux on the entrained mass fraction (Ef) at the exit. Droplet measurements were made with a laser-based phase/Doppler particle analyser. Time-averaged Ef varied with operating conditions by several orders of magnitude, decreasing with increasing superheat level (due to lower entrainment rates near the exit and more rapid droplet vaporization) and mass flux and inlet quality (due to reduced slug formation near the evaporator inlet). the occurrence of slug flow caused substantial variations in Ef superheat and operating pressure with time, even under nominally steady-state conditions.
Searching for Herbert Simon: Extending the Reach and Impact of Business Intelligence Research Through Analytics

Since Herbert Simonâ€™s seminal work (Simon, 1957) on bounded rationality researchers and practitioners have sought the â€œholy grailâ€ of computer-supported decision-making. A recent wave of interest in â€œbusiness analyticsâ€ (BA) has elevated interest in data-driven analytical decision making to the forefront. While reporting and prediction via business intelligence (BI) systems has been an important component to business decision making for some time, BA broadens its scope and potential impact in business decision making further by moving the focus to prescription. The authors see BA as the end-to-end process integrating the production through consumption of the data, and making more extensive use of the data through heavily automated, integrated and advanced predictive and prescriptive tools in ways that better support, or replace, the human decision maker. With the advent of â€œbig dataâ€ , BA already extends beyond internal databases to external and unstructured data that is publicly produced and consumed data with new analytical techniques to better enable business decision makers in a connected world. BI research in the future will be broader in scope, and the challenge is to make effective use of a wide range of data with varying degrees of structure, and from sources both internal and external to the organization. In this paper, we suggest ways that this broader focus of BA will also affect future BI research streams.
Context-dependent landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar using a Hidden Markov Context Model

Context-dependent approaches to landmine detection have been developed in recent years to exploit the sensitivity of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to changes in environmental conditions. Previous approaches to context-dependent fusion have only considered the special case of statistically independent observations. This work proposes the use of Hidden Markov Models, trained on the GPR background, for modeling the context of observation sequences. The performances of context-dependent fusion using two statistical context models were compared in an experiment with field data. One approach utilized a Hidden Markov Context Model (HMCM), and the other utilized a Gaussian mixture. Experimental results illustrated that the HMCM improved performance of context-dependent fusion. These results suggest that spatial dependencies are an important source of contextual information for landmine detection that warrants further investigation.
The Mammalian Medical Center for the 21st Century

FOR MANY years, supporters of primary care have been frustrated by the peripheral role assigned them within the institutions that teach tomorrow's physicians and conduct the bulk of medical research. They have tried to deal with this frustration by trying harder to persuade or exhort the academic power stucture about the importance and legitimacy of primary care medicine as an academic discipline.1-4But primary care advocates have usually failed to draw an alternative conclusion: that the academic medical center, as now constituted, may simply be irrelevant to their agenda and that the rejection of primary care is simply one symptom of that irrelevance.5 The newly announced policy position of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), calling for medical schools to move rapidly to train at least half of their graduates for careers in primary care, may seem to be an appropriate, if overdue, recognition of what primary
Protecting the Infant from Unknown Risks

Dr. Dalal cites literature and guidelines for minimizing the effects of short-term postpartum opioid use, with several studies reporting that single-dose administration may have no detrimental effects on the neonate. In the case of opioid prescription for chronic pain, repeated doses and long-term use are likely. Dr. Dalal notes that caution should be advised in nursing mothers who require repeated opioid dosing. The question is how one interprets “caution.” While the literature often cites careful monitoring for infant drowsiness or other indices of central nervous system depression, these recommendations are predicated on the assumptions that any risks are transitory and minimal as long as …
A case of NEC and multiple thromboses in a term baby: The role of thrombophilia

Background: Congenital thrombophilia predisposes to arterial and venous thromboses; MTHFR mutations have been associated with brain injury. The pathogenesis of NEC may involve thrombophilia. Case report: We report the case of a term female newborn (39 weeksGA), born by vaginal delivery,with unremarkable family history. Apgar score was 9 at 1′, 10 at 5′; birth weight was 3125g. Vaginal swabs were negative for Group B Streptococci, and rupture of amniochorionic membranes occurred in the delivery room. She was admitted at our NICU at 12h of life due to suspected seizures (limb hypertone, cycling movements and cyanosis) and hypoglycaemia (23mg/dl), which was corrected by i.v. glucose infusion. EEG confirmed seizures, and she was treated with phenobarbital and thenwithmidazolamand phenitoin for refractory convulsions. Head MRI showed intraventricular hemorrage with parenchimal cavities, and bilateral thrombosis of cerebral medullary veins. On day 2, she was intubated and mechanically ventilated due to oxygen-dependency and desaturations. Escherichia coli was isolated from blood, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and she received i.v. ampicillin and gentamicin for 14 days. Chest X-ray showed opacification of the apical right lung. On day 5, abdominal distention, gastric residuals and constipation occurred. Plain radiograph of the abdomen showed small hyperlucent areas on the descending colon. She was put NPO until the recovery of symptoms (12 days), which then relapsed on day 30. Plain radiograph of the abdomen and abdominal US showed small gut distention and airfluid levels. On day 50 abdominal signs relapsed again; barium swallow and barium enema showed a segmental stenosis of the descending colon and multiple enterocolonic fistulae. She underwent a left hemicolectomy with termino-terminal colonic anastomosis; histology showed acute transmural inflammation of the colon. Heart ultrasound showed an atrial septal defect and an atrial thrombus measuring 0.7 cm2. She received urokinase and enoxaparin with partial resolution. She also presented cutaneous ulcers on the head and trunk due to skin ischemia. We suspected a congenital thrombophilia. The following tests were normal: PT, PTT, AT-III, lipoprotein A, homocistein, lupus-like anticoaugulans, anti-cardiolipin and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies, factor II G20210A and V G1691A Leidenmutations, COL4A1 genemutations. Fibrinogen levels raised up to 550mg/dl, d-dimers up to 4300ng/ml, protein C activitywas 14%, protein S 44%, and she was found to be a compound heterozygote for C677T and A1298C mutations of MTHFR and heterozygote for 4G5G PAI mutation. Discussion:MTHFRmutations have been associated with brain MRI abnormalities among newborns with asphyxia. Less is known about the 4G5G PAI mutation. We speculate that the multiple thrombophilic mutations in our patient predisposed her to this severe clinical course, and advocate a thorough thrombophilic evaluation to term newborns with NEC-like episodes. PO30
Gain assisted propagation of surface plasmon polaritons on planar metallic waveguides

The propagation of surface plasmon polaritons on metallic waveguides adjacent to a gain medium is considered. It is shown that the presence of the gain medium can compensate for the absorption losses in the metal. The conditions for existence of a surface plasmon polariton and its lossless propagation and wavefront behavior are derived analytically for a single infinite metal-gain boundary. In addition, the cases of thin slab and stripe geometries are also investigated using finite element simulations. The effect of a finite gain layer and its distance from the SPP waveguide is also investigated. The calculated gain requirements suggest that lossless gainassisted surface plasmon polariton propagation can be achieved in practice.
Acute changes in calcium homeostasis during treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism with risedronate

We administered risedronate, a potent oral bisphosphonate, to patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism in order to 1) determine if we could normalize the serum calcium concentration in the short term, and 2) analyze changes in the homeostatic mechanisms responsible for maintaining hypercalcemia in this patient population. When administered for 7 days, risedronate reduced fasting serum calcium concentrations without significant toxicity in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The decrease in serum calcium was accompanied by evidence of inhibition of bone resorption, as assessed by measurement of urinary hydroxyproline, increased serum immunoreactive PTH concentrations, enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and a progressive decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum PTH was partially suppressed by an oral calcium load in untreated patients as well as in patients treated with risedronate. Although patients treated with risedronate had normal fasting serum calcium levels, serum calcium values in these normocalcemic patients were labile after oral ingestion of calcium. After daily calcium intake of 2 g, serum calcium levels in risedronate-treated patients were similar to those in untreated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, suggesting that there are likely to be fluctuations in serum calcium in risedronate-treated patients with normal fasting serum calcium during postprandial periods. These studies show that risedronate lowers fasting serum calcium during short term treatment. However, further studies are required to determine whether the lability in serum calcium in these patients after an oral calcium load has clinical significance, and whether longer term treatment would maintain serum calcium in the normal range.
Direct numerical simulations of HCCI/SACI with ethanol

Abstract Two and three dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of an autoignitive premixture of air and ethanol in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode have been conducted. A special feature of these simulations is the use of compression heating through mass source/sink terms to emulate the compression and expansion due to piston motion. Furthermore, combustion phasing is adjusted such that peak heat release occurs after Top Dead Center (TDC) during the expansion stroke, as in a real engine. Zero dimensional simulations were first conducted to identify important parameters for the higher dimensional simulations. They showed that for ethanol, temperature and dilution are the parameters the problem is most sensitive to. One set of two dimensional simulations were conducted with a uniform mixture composition and different levels of temperature stratification, both with and without compression heating. Another set of simulations varied the mixture stratification with constant temperature stratification. Both sets showed considerable differences in ignition delay, heat release and peak temperature and peak pressure. Compression heating was also found to have a significant effect on the heat release profile. A three dimensional simulation was conducted for Spark-Assisted HCCI (SACI). It was initiated with a small spark kernel, which evolved into a premixed flame. The entire mixture eventually underwent autoignition. Distance function based analysis showed a strongly attenuating flame. Analysis of scalar mixing frequencies shows that differential diffusion and reaction induced mixing play an important role in predicting the mixing of reactive scalars. This has significant implications for mixing models for reactive flows. Chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) was applied to the 3D simulation and showed promise in identifying the transition from flame propagation to autoignition.
The influence of the matrix structure on the oxidation of aniline in a silica sol–gel composite

Abstract Mesoporous and microporous silica matrices were formed on indium tin oxide electrodes for liquid-phase voltammetry and as monoliths for solid-state voltammetry of aniline. The pore structure, which was verified by scanning probe microscopy and by surface area measurement, was directed by either control of pH during sol–gel processing or by inclusion of a templating agent. Whether aniline was included as a dopant in the sol–gel or as a component of the contacting liquid, the pore size influenced the coupling of the product of its electrochemical oxidation. With microporous silica, the dominant products were dimers and related short-chain products whereas with mesoporous silica, polymerization was suggested. As a step toward the formation of polyaniline (PANI) that is covalently anchored to the sol–gel, the electrochemistry of aniline was investigated using composites prepared from sols comprising tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminophenyl-[3-triethoxylsilyl)-propyl] urea (ormosil), and aniline in various ratios. Combinatorial chemistry identified that the optimum combination of silica precursors in terms of obtaining PANI was a 1:12 mole ratio of ormosil:TEOS.
Critical point behavior of the Wilson loop

Abstract I note that, at a second-order phase transition in a gauge theory, the static quark-antiquark potential derived from the Wilson loop is proportional to 1 R , independently of space-time dimensionality. I present two simple applications of this observation: a definition of the critical exponent η for lattice gauge theories and an argument for gauge theories analogous to the Mermin-Wagner theorem.
Particle interactions in viscous flow at small values of knudsen number

Abstract A continuum-slip flow analysis is presented of the slow motion of two spherical particles along their line of centers and of the motion of a sphere normal to a plane wall. Corrections to the drag equation due to the presence of another particle or a wall are tabulated for special cases. For the limits of perfect slip and no slip, these corrections are shown to agree with previous calculations. The results are applicable to small Knudsen number interactions of aerosol particles.
Antipsychotic-like behavioral effects and cognitive enhancement by a potent and selective muscarinic M₁ receptor agonist, AC-260584.

AC-260584 (4-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-7-fluoro-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one) is a potent and selective muscarinic M-sub-1 receptor agonist. AC-260584 was evaluated in animal models: antipsychotic-like effects were tested by the ability to reduce amphetamine- and MK-801-induced hyperactivity and apomorphine-induced climbing; catalepsy was assessed by measuring step-down latency; spatial memory was tested by using the Morris water maze. AC-260584 reduced amphetamine- and MK-801-induced hyperactivity and apomorphine-induced climbing. In contrast to haloperidol, AC-260584 did not produce catalepsy. AC-260584 enhanced performance in the water maze during a probe test without a platform after 6 days of training, similar to the positive control tacrine. These data indicate that AC-260584 has a behavioral profile consistent with antipsychotic-like efficacy with the potential to improve cognitive performance and shows reduced liability for extrapyramidal symptoms.
Metabolic and respiratory profile of the upper limit for prolonged exercise in man

For high-intensity cycling, power (P) can be well described as a hyperbolic function of tolerable work duration (t): P=(W'/t) + P LL W' is a constant and P LL is the lower limit (asymptote) for P which is shown to occur at an O2 uptake ([Vdot]O2) lying above the estimated threshold for sustained blood [lactate] increase (ΘIac) but below the maximum [Vdot]O2 ([Vdot]O2max) obtained during incremental cycling. This relation suggests that, above P LL, only a certain amount of work (W') can be accomplished regardless of its rate of performance, with [Vdot]O2 max being attained at fatigue. Hence, P LL defines a point of discontinuity in the [Vdot]O2-P relation for supra-ΘIac exercise. In order to determine the factors responsible for the continued increase in [Vdot]O2 (to the maximum fatiguing value) at power outputs >P LL, we documented the temporal profiles of metabolic (rectal temperature; blood [lactate], [pyruvate], [norepinephrine], [epinephrine]) and respiratory ([Vdot]E; [Vdot]O2; [Vdot]CO2; blood pH, P...
Defective ring A reduction of cortisol as the major metabolic error in the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess.

Impaired peripheral metabolism of cortisol in the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess is currently understood to be causally related to the severe but otherwise unexplained manifestations of mineralocorticoid excess. A normally ambivalent mineralocorticoid receptor responding equally well to glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids requires prereceptor inactivation of glucocorticoids to elicit a specific mineralocorticoid effect. The failed inactivation step in the form of the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess first described (type 1) involves the 11 beta-hydroxydehydrogenation of cortisol to cortisone. In another form of the syndrome (type 2) this conversion occurs normally in the face of otherwise similar clinical and biochemical features. Markedly decreased cortisol metabolic clearance in the type 2 form suggested impairment of a major component of that clearance, ring A reduction. A noninvasive method was developed for measuring the conversion of cortisol to tetrahydrocortisol and ...
A direct synthesis of β-carbolines via a three-step one-pot domino approach with a bifunctional Pd/C/K-10 catalyst

Abstract A rapid, microwave-assisted synthesis of β-carbolines via a successive condensation/cyclization/dehydrogenation approach is described. This methodology involves the coupling of various tryptamines with aromatic aldehydes/glyoxals. The product imine undergoes a Pictet–Spengler cyclization followed by a final dehydrogenation to yield β-carbolines in a three-step domino reaction. The use of the bifunctional catalyst Pd/C/K-10 combined with microwave irradiation enabled the synthesis of β-carbolines in short reaction times and in good to excellent yields.
Wrong‐way behavior of packed‐bed reactors: II. Impact of thermal dispersion

Le comportement en sens inverse correspond a une reduction de la temperature d'alimentation du reacteur qui est l'origine d'une augmentation transitoire de la temperature. Un modele mathematique unidimensionnel est mis en place, il tient compte de la dispersion axiale de temperature et des eventuels etats stationnaires multiples du reacteur
The Union That Shaped the Confederacy: Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens

One was a robust charmer given to fits of passion, whose physical appeal could captivate women as easily as cajole colleagues. The other was a frail, melancholy man of quiet intellect, whose ailments drove him eventually to alcohol and drug addiction. Born into different social classes, they were as opposite as men could be. Yet these sons of Georgia, Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens, became fast friends and together changed the course of the South. Writing with the style and authority that has made him one of our most popular historians of the Civil War, William C. Davis has written a biography of a friendship that captures the Confederacy in microcosm. He tells how Toombs and Stephens dominated the formation of the new nation and served as its vice president and secretary of state. After years of disillusionment, each abandoned participation in the government and left to its own fate a Confederacy that would not dance to their tune. Davis traces this unlikely relationship from its early days in the Georgia legislature through the trials of secession and war, revealing how both men persevered during the war and developed a deep animosity for Jefferson Davis. He then chronicles their postwar lives up to the emotional moment when Toombs stood eulogizing his long-time friend at his funeral, just four months after Stephens was elected governor of the Georgia they had loved as much as one another. Drawing extensively on primary sources, including Stephens's voluminous letters and Toombs' widely scattered papers, Davis tells how two men of different temperaments remained friends, out of step with all but a few and occasionally even with each other. He concentrates on their Confederate years, when the fraternity they shared had its greatest impact, to show how they embodied both the strengths and the weaknesses of the Confederacy. While there are biographies of each man, none convey the significance or the depth of their friendship. Davis shows us how they loved the South as it once was, the Union as they thought it ought to have been, and the Confederacy of their dreams that never came to be. They lost all three, but through five decades of crisis, they never failed each other."
Expression of the Rh-related glycoprotein (Rh50).

The Rh50 glycoprotein is suspected of being involved in Rh antigen expression. We prepared Rh50 cDNA from a human bone marrow library by polymerase chain reaction and then subcloned this cDNA into var
Progress toward a general grating patterning technology using phase-locked scanning beams

The fabrication of large high-quality diffraction gratings remains one of the most challenging tasks in optical fabrication. Traditional direct-write methods, such as diamond ruling or electron-beam lithography, can be extremely slow and result in gratings with undesired phase errors. Holographic methods, while generally resulting in gratings with smoother phase, frequently require large aspheres and lengthy optical setup in order to achieve desired period chirps. In this paper we describe a novel interference lithography method called scanning-beam interference lithography (SBIL) that utilizes small phase-locked scanning beams to write general periodic patterns onto large substrates. Small mutually coherent beams are phase controlled by high-bandwidth electro-optic components and caused to overlap and interfere, generating a small grating image. The image is raster-scanned over the substrate by use of a high-precision interferometer-controlled air bearing stage, resulting in large grating patterns. We will describe a prototype system in our laboratory designed to write gratings with extremely low phase distortion. The system is being generalized to pattern gratings with arbitrary period progressions (chirps). This technology, with extensions, will allow the rapid, low cost patterning of high-fidelity periodic patterns of arbitrary geometry on large substrates that could be of great interest to astronomers.
Lipid transfer protein genes of loblolly pine are members of a complex gene family

A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cDNA with properties of a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsltp) is reported. In contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family.
Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Isopropenyl Glucopyranosides. Spectroscopic Evidence Concerning the Greater Reactivity of the alpha Anomer.

The mechanism of hydrolysis of isopropenyl α- and β-glucopyranosides (1 and 2, respectively) has been studied by temperature-dependent reaction kinetics, stereochemical analysis of products by 1H NMR, solvent 18O- and 2H-labeling experiments, kinetic solvent deuterium isotope effects, and α-values for general acid catalysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first vinyl acetals to be shown to undergo hydrolysis exclusively by cleavage of the vinyl ether and not the acetal C−O bond. While both glucopyranosides undergo irreversible, rate-limiting C-protonation, 1 hydrolyzes approximately four times faster than 2 and has an enthalpy of activation that is 5.8 kcal mol-1 lower than that of 2, suggesting that 1 is kinetically more basic than 2. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that conjugation of the glycosidic oxygen with the alkenyl double bond is greater in 1 than in 2, probably because of steric or conformational constraints.
Synthesis and Characterization of Co/CdSe Core/Shell Nanocomposites: Bifunctional Magnetic-Optical Nanocrystals

Nanocomposite materials provide the possibility for multifunctional properties in contrast with their more-limited single-component counterparts. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of the first all-inorganic core/shell hybrid magnetic-optical nanoparticle, cobalt/cadmium selenide. The core/shell nanocrystals are prepared in a facile one-pot reaction, and their microstructure is analyzed using low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Using magnetic and optical characterization, we demonstrate bifunctional behavior, whereby the core retains the magnetic properties of the starting Co nanoparticle, and the shell emits similarly to a single-component CdSe nanoparticle. Interestingly, while the coercivity was found to be unchanged by shell formation, the blocking temperature for the composite structure was observed to be substantially lower (Co: >350 K; Co/CdSe: 240 K). In addition, we observed that at low temperatures (20 K) shell CdSe photoluminescence (PL) decay was very rapid ( 50 ns). Finally, we propose possible explanations for the unusual magnetic and optical behavior of the core/shell hybrid nanostructures.
Preperitoneal pelvic packing in the child with an unstable pelvis: a novel approach

Combined external pelvic fixation and preperitoneal pelvic packing may represent a revolutionary management strategy for mechanically unstable pelvis fractures in critically injured patients.
Optical Detection of Lightning on Venus

Abstract The night side of Venus was imaged at 18.8 frames per second using coronagraphic optics and a 153-cm telescope during the spring 1993 apparition in a search for lightning. The images were then reduced such that scattered light from the day side was removed and transient signals were sought. Several potential lightning flashes were detected at a wavelength near 777.4 nm. The six flashes were calculated to have optical energies ranging from 10 8 to 2 × 10 9 J. The detected flashes occur at a rate of 2.7 × 10 -12 km -2 sec -1 . A single flash detected in control images yields a false rate 0.66 times the non-control rate; however, it now appears that the lightning spectrum contains a line in the wing of the "control" filter bandpass. We now believe this detection to be a valid lightning flash. A limit of detection is set at 5 × 10 6 J for 95% detection and 1.5 × 10 6 J for 50% detection. With this limit, it would have been possible to observe the brightest of Earth-like lightning should it exist on Venus.
Irrelevant tactics, caudate lesions, delayed response performance in squirrel monkeys

Abstract In this investigation, an attempt has been made to interfere with the learning of a delayed response task by different training schedules, followed by sizeable lesions (radio frequency) in the head of the caudate nucleus. Five animals were trained to 75 per cent performance, then lesioned and tested. All showed substantial deficit. Two animals were trained to 75 per cent performance, not lesioned, then tested. They showed a moderate deficit. Five animals were trained to 90 per cent performance, lesioned and tested. They showed no deficit. In conclusion, caudate lesions imposed on an imperfectly learned task result in almost complete interference with delayed response performance.
Interactive Process of Microsimulation and Logistic Regression for Short-Term Work Zone Traffic Diversion

The rapidly growing number of work zones on national highways is having significant operational impacts due to the temporary loss of capacity. Work zone impact on safety and mobility creates a strong need to alleviate work zone congestion and protect road users and workers, which requires a sufficient understanding of work zone impact on traffic flow. Previous studies and field observations demonstrated the importance of considering diversion phenomena when performing work zone impact analysis. To overcome the limitations of deterministic queuing approaches applied in most work zone impact analysis tools, an interactive process combining microsimulation and logistic regression was developed to imitate diversion behavior dynamically in the upstream of work zones with a number of entrance and exit ramps. Specifically, the logistic regression model based on the field observations was incorporated into a well-calibrated VISSIM model to simulate traffic flow in work zones with diversion behavior. The integration of the two models was achieved via the development of diversion calculation module using a COM interface provided by VISSIM. The comparison between simulated results and field observations suggested that the diversion calculation module using logistic regression can simulate the queue propagation process due to lane closure in an efficient and effective manner. It was demonstrated that the interactive process can improve work zone impact analysis by using real-time traffic feedback information to emulate the diversion phenomenon upstream of work zones.
The occlusal plane in relation to facial types.

Abstract 1. The mean location of the occlusal plane of the dentitions of 53 dental and dental hygiene students was studied. The Schwarz mirror-photographic method was used, and the facial type was determined according to the Simon classification. The mean ala-tragus line, and the relation of it to the occlusal plane was studied for Simon's six facial types. 2. Data of this study indicate that, among the different facial types studied, the line connecting the lowest point of the ala of the nose to the inferior margin of the tragus is nearly parallel to the occlusal plane. This line is referred to as Camper's plane when used by prosthodontists. The correlation between facial types and the location of the occlusal plane, when considered from the lateral aspect, was also indicated. 3. A comparison of the results of this study with those of other investigators indicate that our results are reasonable. 4. The method used in this study is clinically applicable to complete denture construction.
Identification of small-molecule HSF1 amplifiers by high content screening in protection of cells from stress induced injury

Small molecule amplifiers of heat shock response have shown promising results in rescuing stress related injury through chaperone amplification. Herein, we report the results of a high content target-based primary screening of several known bioactive libraries. Screening resulted in the identification of three potent gedunin derivatives and a sappanone A derivative. Western blot results confirmed compound-induced activation of HSF1 and increased expression level of HSP70. These compounds rescued cells from cell death caused by proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and RNAi knockdown of HSF1 significantly reversed the cytoprotective effects, confirming an HSF1-dependent mechanism of action. These HSF1 amplifiers were tested in two mammalian cell based models of Huntington's disease (HD) and found to improve survival. Therefore, these screening hits may have therapeutic potential for HD and possibly other protein conformational disorders.
Chemistry of the phenoxathiins and isosterically related heterocycles. XVIII. The synthesis, 1H- and 13C-NMR Spectroscopy of benzo[b]-1,4,9-triazaphenoxathiin†

The first synthesis of a triazaphenoxathiin system, benzo[b]-1,4,9-triazaphenoxathiin, is reported. Attempts directed toward the total assignment of the 13C-nmr spectrum of the title compound failed to produce an unequivocal assignment. The carbons of the benzo-portion of the molecule could not be unequivocally assigned at 25.2 MHz but were subgrouped into permutable pairs of resonances on the basis of relaxation times, a result of the antisotropic reorientation of the molecule. Further attempts to complete the 13C-nmr assignment at 100 MHz by selective on-resonance decouplings in the 400 MHz 1H-nmr spectrum were also unsuccessful because of similarities in the chemical shifts of the benzo-protons. Complete 1H-nmr chemical shifts and homo-nuclear spin-coupling constants were obtained using the PANIC program.
Reinforcement layout and sizing optimization of composite submarine sail structures

A topology optimization approach that makes use of nonlinear design variable-to-sizing relationship is presented. A finite element (FE) model is used to describe the loaded structure, but unlike the microstructure approach, the decision is whether an element in the continuum should have maximum or minimum cross-sectional dimension while its material density and moduli are held constant. This approach is applied to reinforcement layout optimization of a very large and geometrically complex Composite Advanced Sail (CAS) structure under an asymmetric wave slap loading condition. A high-complexity model in the form of multilayered shell and a low-complexity model in the form of stiffened shell are developed for the layout optimization of the CAS and solved for minimum strain energy. The effects of constraints such as buckling instability on optimal placement of internal stiffeners are also explored. Based on the results of the layout optimization, a new FE model of the CAS is developed and optimized for minimum weight. Depending upon the degree of variability in skin thickness, the results show a weight saving of up to 19% over the original model.
Mammalian Reovirus L3 Gene Sequences and Evidence for a Distinct Amino-Terminal Region of the λ1 Protein☆

Abstract To complement evidence for nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (NTPase), RNA helicase, RNA 5′ triphosphate phosphohydrolase, and nucleic acid-binding activities by the core shell protein λ1 of mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses), we determined nucleotide sequences of the λ1-encoding L3 gene segments from three isolates: type 1 Lang (T1L), type 2 Jones (T2J), and type 3 Dearing (T3D). The T1L and T3D L3 gene sequences and deduced λ1 protein sequences shared high levels of identity (97.7% and 99.3%, respectively). The λ1 sequences differed at only 9 of 1275 amino acids. Two single-nucleotide insertions relative to a previously published sequence for T3D L3 extended the λ1 open reading frame to within 60 nucleotides of the plus-strand 3′ end for T3D and the other isolates sequenced, in keeping with the short 3′ nontranslated regions of the other nine gene segments. Seven of the nine amino acid differences between T1L and T3D λ1 were located within the amino-terminal 500 residues of λ1, a region with putative sequence similarities to NTPases and RNA helicases. The T2J L3 and λ1 sequences were found to be more divergent, especially within the amino-terminal 180 residues of λ1, preceding the putative CCHH zinc finger motif. The T2J L3 sequence, along with partial sequences for L3 genes from three other reovirus isolates, suggested that one or more of the polymorphisms at amino acids 71, 215, 500, 1011, and/or 1100 in λ1 contribute to the L3-determined differences in ATPase activities by T1L and T3D cores. The findings contribute to our ongoing efforts to elucidate sequence-structure–function relationships for the λ1 core protein.
α-Po nets of copper(II)-trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate frameworks based on a paddle-wheel building block and its enlarged dimer

Two novel three-dimensional frameworks Cu2(CDC)2(4,4‘-Bipy)·0.5H2CDC·1.25H2O (1) and Cu4(CDC)4(4,4‘-Bpe) (2) (CDC = trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate; 4,4‘-Bipy = 4,4‘-bipyridine; 4,4‘-Bpe = trans-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene) have been synthesized and structurally rationalized to have doubly interpenetrating elongated primitive cubic (α-Po) nets based on a binuclear paddle-wheel motif and its enlarged dimer, respectively. Framework 1 shows one-dimensional pores filled with trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, while framework 2 is a condensed structure because of the enlarged building block.
Continuous versus intermittent sulphonylurea therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Although it is 50 years since the discovery of the hypoglycaemic effects of sulphonylureas, the molecular basis of their effects are still not fully understood. It has been suggested that long term sulphonylurea therapy may desensitise the pancreatic β-cells to further drug effects, and that intermittent sulphonylurea therapy may be the best approach to maintain their effectiveness. A randomised, double-blind study has been carried out to attempt to answer the question of whether intermittent sulphonylurea therapy is more effective then continuous administration. Responders to oral glibenclamide (glyburide) went on to receive continuous or intermittent treatment (glibenclamide for 2 weeks then placebo for 2 weeks) for 16 weeks. Glycaemic control was maintained in the continuous treatment group. However, glucose levels deteriorated in the intermittent treatment group, suggesting that there is no merit to intermittent sulphonylurea treatment. Other strategies to investigate include administration on an alternate-day basis or a shorter period off the drug (e.g. 1 week). The underlying question of optimal glycaemic control with sulphonylureas warrants a definitive answer.
Molecular cytogenetic studies of a serially transplanted primary prostatic carcinoma xenograft (CWR22) and four relapsed tumors

BACKGROUND Established cell lines or xenografts from prostatic carcinoma have been infrequently studied cytogenetically. CWR22 and CWR22-R are xenografts that are unique in offering one strongly androgen-dependent and several relapsed strains of a human prostate cancer that can be investigated in the laboratory. We report on the cytogenetic characterization of the hormone-dependent CWR22, and the relapsed CWR22-R serially transplanted xenografts, in our laboratory. METHODS We utilized a suspension harvest of the xenograft tissue to optimize our yield for metaphase chromosome studies and analyzed the hormone-dependent CWR22 and four relapsed CWR22-R xenografts. These studies were accomplished using standard G-banded analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A variety of DNA probes including α-satellite DNA probes, and chromosomal libraries, were utilized for the FISH analysis. RESULTS Utilizing both standard cytogenetic analysis and FISH studies we have more precisely defined the CWR22 xenograft: 49,XY,+i(1)(q10),−2,der(4)t(2;4)(p21;q33), +7,+8,+12[7]/50,XY,idem,+der(2)t(2;4)(p21;q33)del(2)(q13q33)[13]. Four relapsed xenografts, CWR22R-2152, CWR22R-2524, CWR22R-2274, and CWR22R-2272 were also studied. Each of these lines demonstrated a different karyotype. CONCLUSIONS The CWR22 karyotype offers the simplest reported karyotype for a prostate cancer tissue culture cell line or xenograft; this makes CWR22 an attractive candidate for studies of genetic changes associated with the relapse of prostate cancer treated with androgen withdrawal. Four separate, serially transplanted, relapsed CWR22-R xenografts were detected, each with a separate karyotype. Prostate 41:7–11, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adsorption and decomposition of methyl halides (Cl, Br and I) on (100) oriented polycrystalline W

Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of methyl halides, CH 3 X (X = Cl, Br or I) on (100) oriented polycrystalline W has been studied. Over a large portion of the uptake curve, the sticking coefficient of CH 3 X adsorption is constant. CH 3 I condenses at 140 K, but CH 3 Br and CH 3 Cl do not. Upon heating, all three methyl halides thermally dissociate; the products are H 2 , surface C and halogens. No CH 4 or other hydrocarbon products desorb. Molecular CH 3 X desorbs only after high exposures. Surface halogens desorb atomically above 1000 K. The extent of decomposition is in the order CH 3 I > CH 3 Br > CH 3 Cl. The CH 3 dehydrogenation activities are compared on several transition metal surfaces. The absence of CH 4 formation from CH 3 X and its presence in the decomposition of CH 3 CN and H 2 CO on W is discussed.
Effects of strongly temperature‐dependent viscosity on time‐dependent, three‐dimensional models of mantle convection

Numerical simulations of thermal convection in a wide (8×8×1) Cartesian box heated from below with temperature-dependent viscosity contrasts of 1000, and Rayleigh number 105 show that boundary conditions and aspect ratio have an enormous effect on the preferred flow pattern. With rigid upper and lower boundaries, spoke-pattern flow with small (diameter ∼ 1.5) cells is obtained, consistent with laboratory experiments and previous numerical results. However, with the arguably more realistic stress-free boundaries, the flow chooses the largest possible wavelength, forming a single square cell of aspect ratio 8, with one huge cylindrical downwelling surrounded by upwelling sheets. The addition of stress-dependence to the rheology weakens the stiff upper boundary layer, resulting in smaller cells, though still with upwelling sheets and downwelling plumes.
Note on a Program of Research on Alternative Social Psychological Models of Relationships between Life Stress and Psychopathology

Since the turn of the century and up to about 1980, there have been between 80 and 100 studies in which investigators, or teams of investigators, have attempted to count cases of mental disorders in communities all over the world, whether or not the cases located are people who have ever been in treatment with members of the mental health professions (B. P. Dohrenwend & B. S. Dohrenwend, 1982). These epidemiological investigations have been described as “true prevalence” studies, and the cases they have identified consist of disorders that were in evidence at the time of the study regardless of the time of onset. Very few of these studies have involved successive surveys over time. As a consequence, therefore, by and large, they do not provide data on incidence.
Identification of a noncatalytic cGMP-binding domain conserved in both the cGMP-stimulated and photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases

Abstract Partial amino acid sequence has been determined for the cone, alpha' subunit of the bovine photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and deduced from nucleotide sequences of a partial cDNA clone. These sequences identify the alpha' subunit as the product of a gene that is distinct from those encoding the alpha or beta subunits of the membrane-associated rod photoreceptor PDE. Comparisons between the recently determined cGMP-stimulated-PDE sequence and those of the alpha and alpha' photoreceptor PDE subunits reveal an unexpected sequence similarity. In addition to the catalytic domain conserved in eukaryotic PDEs, all three PDEs possess a second conserved segment of approximately 340 residues that contains two internally homologous repeats. Limited proteolysis and direct photolabeling studies indicate that the noncatalytic, cGMP-binding site(s) in the cGMP-stimulated PDE is located within this conserved domain, suggesting that it also may serve this function in the photoreceptor PDEs. Moreover, other PDEs that do not bind cGMP at noncatalytic sites do not contain this conserved domain. The function of the conserved segment in the photoreceptor PDEs is not known, but the homology to allosteric sites of the cGMP-stimulated PDE suggests a role in cGMP binding and modulation of enzyme activity.