cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian submanifolds and moment convexity

We consider a Hamiltonian torus action T x M → M on a compact connected symplectic manifold M and its associated momentum map Φ. For certain Lagrangian submanifolds Q C M we show that Φ(Q) is convex. The submanifolds Q arise as the fixed point set of an involutive diffeomorphism T: M → M which satisfies several compatibility conditions with the torus action, but which is in general not anti-symplectic. As an application we complete a symplectic proof of Kostant's non-linear convexity theorem.
Aneurysms complicated by pregnancy. I. Aneurysms of the aorta and its major branches.

I MPROVED care and management of the parturient have resulted in a gratifying reduction in the maternal mortality rate. This has been accomplished primarily by a marked decrease in deaths due to purely obstetrical causes, but those due to nonobstetrical factors have not demonstrated a similar improvement. This emphasizes the necessity of directing attention to the latter group. With increased knowledge and awareness, the obstetrician in cooperation with the internist has been able to decrease the maternal mortality due to cardiac disease, diabetes, and other complications responsive to modern therapeutic regimes. However, there are other nonobstetrical abnormalities which are almost’invariably fatal. This may be attributed largely to an almost universal ladk of suspicion of their presence in conjunction with pregnancy so that the true diagnosis is made too frequently at postmortem examination. Furthermore, there is little clinical consciousness of these entities in pregnancy since scant attention is given to them in obst,etrical teachingl-” and literature. This is unfortunate, since some of these are amenable to correction either before or during pregnancy. Greater awareness will lead to their earlier diagnosis and treatment with resultant improvement in maternal salvage. Aneurysms constitute one of these nonobstetrical abnormalities which have not received adequate attention despite the fact that rupture during pregnancy is associated with a maternal mortality varying from 40 to 100 per cent. Although rupture of an aneurysm most commonly occurs after the age of 40, it may happen during the childbearing period and complicate pregnancy. Furthermore, the various clinical pictures produced by ruptured aneurysms simulate more obvious obstetrical complications. As a result, the treatment instituted is generally not directed toward the actual defect. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate an awareness and develop a clinical consciousness of the coexistence of aneurysms of the arterial system and pregnancy, so that early and adequate therapy may be instituted. Hence, this publication will consider aneurysms of the aorta and its abdominal branches, and a companion paper will discuss cerebral aneurysms. This report is based upon 75 cases of aneurysm of the aorta and 50 cases of aneurysm involving the major branches of the abdominal aorta culled from the literature (Tables I to IV). Two additional cases of saccular aneurysm
The Convict and the Colonel

The Convict and the Colonel. Richard Price. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1998. xviii. 285 pp., illustrations, notes, references. (Paper US$18.00)
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain

Three mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), named FA1, FA2, and FA3, against cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) with high specificity have been obtained. The immunogen used to generate these MAbs ...
Pharmacokinetic model of zidovudine and its glucuronide metabolite in pregnancy

Background/Aims Zidovudine (AZT) drastically reduces mother to infant transmission of HIV. Fetal drug activity is likely critical for effect. We developed a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to predict fetal levels. Methods The model is defined by 6 differential equations and predicts compartmental shifts of AZT and AZT-glucuronide (GAZT) in mother, fetus and amniotic fluid. Assumptions were: oral administration, passive placental transfer and equal amniotic fluid volume for AZT and GAZT. Existing data from 5 baboons were fit using the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm (WinNonlin). Derived parameters (mean±SD) were compared to independent measures and assessed for physiological validity. Results As expected, metabolic clearance from the mother (91±20 L/h) was higher than with IV infusion. GAZT clearance (35±7.1 L/h) compared well with direct measures. Placental and direct fetal clearances of AZT (1.2±0.65 and 0.18±0.14 L/h) were slightly less than those from paired maternal and fetal infusions. Other parameters (placental GAZT clearance, amniotic fluid clearance) followed physiologic principles. Conclusion A relatively simple PK model can predict disposition of AZT in pregnancy. Applications include minimal sampling strategy to capture PK/PD targets and modeling other drug products used during pregnancy. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P41–P41; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.049
Improved dermal delivery of FITC–BSA using a combination of passive and active methods

This work presents results on the in vitro penetration of a model macromolecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA)) through porcine skin, mediated with a microneedle skinroller (200-:m-length needle) and different novel formula- tions. After perforating the porcine skin with a microneedle skinroller, the efficiency of deliv- ering FITC-BSA via different novel formulations was evaluated and compared. Formulations, including L-"-phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, double emulsions, and double-encapsulation formulations were used. High-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to visu- alize surface morphology and cross-section of perforated porcine skin. By the use of confocal microscopy, the penetration pathway and penetration depth of FITC-BSA through the perfo- rated porcine skin under different formulations were analyzed. FITC-BSA was extracted from stratum corneum and viable skin, and analyzed by fluorimetry, indicating that there is no significant difference in the amount of FITC-BSA delivered to viable skin by PC-liposome sus- pension (12.90 ± 1.25 :g/cm 2 ) versus double-encapsulation formulations (10.47 ± 0.80 :g/cm 2 ); however, both formulations showed a significant increase as compared with an aqueous solution of FITC-BSA. In this work, double-encapsulation formulations were used in dermal delivery for the first time and combined with microneedle skinroller treatment, the results showed a high efficiency in delivering macromolecules. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 100:4804-4814, 2011
ARIMA models of the price level: An assessment of the multilevel adaptive learning process in the USA

This paper estimates the ARIMA processes for the observed and expected price level corresponding to the three-level adaptive expectations model proposed by Jacobs and Jones (1980). These univariate processes are then compared with the best-fit ARIMA model. The results indicate that the best-fit model for the observed price level is a restricted version of the two-level adaptive learning process specified in terms of prices, suggesting a simple adaptive rule in the inflation rate. A comparison of the time-series forecasts from the best-fit model with the mean responses to the ASA-NBER survey shows no significant difference in their accuracy. The time-series forecasts are, however, conditionally efficient. The best-fit ARIMA model for expected prices measured by the ASA-NBER consensus forecasts does not correspond to any version of the Jacobs and Jones model.
Virial coefficients and critical properties of perfluorohexanes

Compressibility measurements of the gas phase are reported for the compounds n-C6F14, 2-CF3C5F11, 3-CF3C5F11, 2,3-(CF3)2C4F8, and cyclo C6F12. The measurements range from 1 to 18 atm. pressure and from 80° to 180°C. Second and third virial coefficients and critical properties have been calculated and are reported.
Relaxation phenomena and induced polarization

Abstract We deal with the general subject of the linear system behavior of material media that have dispersive electrical properties. In this review we deal with phenomenological theory which begins with a general statement of Ohm's law that relates the macroscopic electric field and the current density at a point in the medium. The complex constant of proportionality is the complex resistivity that forms the basis of the discussion. Various ways to represent the frequency dependence of the complex resistivity are described. The corresponding time domain or transient response characteristics are also considered in the context of the induced polarization properties of the medium. We point out that it is often fruitful to represent the dispersion as a superposition of basic relaxation processes. In fact, if such distributions are sufficiently broad, the effective complex resistivity varies in magnitude in almost a linear manner with the logarithm of frequency. The corresponding phase is approximately a constant that is proportional to the slope of the amplitude curve on log frequency basis. This same slope parameter is also descriptive of the transient decay of the system when the linear response is plotted on a log time base. This general behavior seems to be a general property of such composite media as textured rock, mineralized material and biological suspensions where we can expect that the scale of the dispersive mechanisms is quite broad.
Simultaneous energy and timing decisions in time differential perturbed angular correlation experiments using BaF2 scintillators

BaF2 scintillation counters, coupled to constant fraction differential discriminatiors, permit simultaneous energy and timing decisions in recording delayed coincidence spectra. We explore the advantages and limitations of this innovation in time differential perturbed angular correlation experiments, and illustrate it for111CdNi and100RhNi.
Basal ganglia: Motor influences mediated by sensory interactions

Abstract Striatopallidal lesions in rats cause an increase in trigeminal motor nucleus excitability. This hyperexcitability is not due to disruption of basal ganglia-mediated inhibition of the motor nucleus. Rather, basal ganglia lesions disrupt an inhibitory influence upon either the sensory pathway or the link-up between the sensory pathway and the motor nucleus. These data suggest that one way in which the basal ganglia influence movement is by gating sensory influences into motor areas.
Motor impairment and hyperthyroidism in children: report of two cases.

SUMMARY Two cases of motor impairment associated with hyperthyroidism in children, one female and one male, are reported. These patients were drawn from 22 cases of juvenile hyperthyroidism. Various symptoms of motor impairment, ranging from muscular weakness through joint pains to periodic paralysis associated with hyperthyroidism, have been reported in the United States with increasing frequency in recent years, though not in pediatric cases. The incidence of these atypical symptoms may be higher than previously supposed. They may be among the first signals to those concerned with abnormalities of child behavior that an endocrine referral is needed. RESUME Deterioration motrice et hyperthyroidisme ehez Ľenfant: deu.x observations Dans les deux cas decrits, chez des enfants, un garcon et une fille, la deterioration motrice etait associee aĽhyperthyroidisme. Ces patients faisaient partie d'un groupe de 22 cas d'hyperthyroidisme juvenile, une incidence de 9,2 pour cent. Divers symptomes de deterioration motrice, depuis la faiblesse musculaire jusqu'a la paralysie periodique en passant par les douleurs articulaires sont associes a quelques cas d'hyperthyroidisme. Des manifestations semblables ont ete rapportees aux Etats Unis avec une frequence accrue ces dernieres annees, mais pas en pediatric Ľincidence de ces symptomes atypiques pourrait etre plus elevee qu'on ne le supposait auparavant. Ceux qui concernent les anomalies du comportement de Ľenfant pourraient y voir un des premiers signes de la necessite d'un recours aĽendocrinologie. RESUMEN Dificultacles de movimiento motor y hipertiroidismo en los ninos; un relato de dos casus Se dan detalles de dos casos (un chico y una chica) de desorden motor asociado con el hipertiroidismo. Estos dos casos ocurrieron entre 22 casos del hipertiroidismo en los ninos; una incidencia del 9-1 por ciento. Se hallan en algunos casos del hipertiroidismo sintomas distintos de un desorden motor, los cuales se extienden desde dolores de las articulaciones hasta una paralisis periodica. En los Estados Unidos se han notado tales manifestaciones mas frecuentemente durante estos ultimos anos, aunque no en la pediatria. La incidencia de estos sintomas no tipicos puede ser mas alta de lo que se creia hasta ahora. Es probable que se nunieren entre los primeros avisos para los que se ocupan de anormalidades de comportamiento en los ninos de que una investigateon endocrina sea necesaria.
Metabolic flux analysis of mitochondrial uncoupling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Background Increasing energy expenditure at the cellular level offers an attractive option to limit adiposity and improve whole body energy balance. In vivo and in vitro observations have correlated mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression with reduced white adipose tissue triglyceride (TG) content. The metabolic basis for this correlation remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings This study tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial uncoupling requires the cell to compensate for the decreased oxidation phosphorylation efficiency by up-regulating lactate production, thus redirecting carbon flux away from TG synthesis. Metabolic flux analysis was used to characterize the effects of non-lethal, long-term mitochondrial uncoupling (up to 18 days) on the pathways of intermediary metabolism in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Uncoupling was induced by forced expression of UCP1 and chemical (FCCP) treatment. Chemical uncoupling significantly decreased TG content by ca. 35%. A reduction in the ATP level suggested diminished oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in the uncoupled adipocytes. Flux analysis estimated significant up-regulation of glycolysis and down-regulation of fatty acid synthesis, with chemical uncoupling exerting quantitatively larger effects. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study support our hypothesis regarding uncoupling-induced redirection of carbon flux into glycolysis and lactate production, and suggest mitochondrial proton translocation as a potential target for controlling adipocyte lipid metabolism.
Volatile Components of Milk Fat Steam Distillates Identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Vacuum steam distillates of butteroil, fresh raw cream, fresh pasteurized cream, and pasteurized stored cream were analyzed by packed column and open-tubular column gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry. High-temperature (210 C) distillations of different butteroils yielded over 120 volatile compounds. Identification (or tentative identification) of more than 100 of these compounds was made from mass spectral-gas chromatographic data. Over 30 volatiles not previously reported in milk products were encountered. Many of the volatile compounds were obviously heat-produced, as the number of them was small in fresh, raw cream compared to heated cream and butteroil. However, aromatic compounds and some aliphatic hydrocarbons, not previously reported were found in fresh, raw cream. Control experiments were conducted to determine laboratory contaminants and distillation artifacts.
Effective costs of the future energy systems

Abstract The fuels most considered for the post petroleum and natural gas era, hydrogen (gaseous and liquid), and coal and coal derived synthetic fluid fossil fuels, have been compared by taking into account production costs, external costs and utilization efficiencies. The results show that hydrogen is a much more cost effective energy carrier than coal and synthetic fossil fuels, as well as being the environmentally most compatible fuel.
CORRELATION BETWEEN BASELINE NONDISCRIMINATED AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN RATS AND AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED STIMULATION.

Thirty-two rats were first trained to emit a stable baseline of nondiscriminated avoidance behavior. They were then treated with d-amphetamine. Relative and absolute increments in response rates induced by the drug were significantly correlated with baseline shock rates, but not with baseline response rates.
Client Involvement, Working Alliance, and Type of Therapy Termination

The study investigated the relationship of therapist-rated client and therapist involvement and client relatedness in the first session to strength of working alliance, measured after the third session, and type of client termination. Ten therapists and their 109 college student clients participated. How well the client related at intake was positively associated with client and therapist alliance scores. Client intake involvement was positively associated with client alliance assessment. Unilateral client terminations were related to weaker client and therapist working alliance evaluations. Results indicate the importance of building a strong alliance in the early phases of counseling.
Peak to average power ratio of orthogonal spreading codes for multicarrier CDMA system

Multicarrier CDMA is being proposed as a predominant candidate for future generation wireless mobile communication. One of the major drawbacks of a CDMA system coupled with multicarrier modulation is high value of PAPR due to multicarrier transmission. This PAPR can be effectively controlled through proper selection of a spreading code. The objective of this paper is to perform an exhaustive evaluation and comparison of PAPR for various types of orthogonal spreading codes i.e. Walsh Hadamard codes, Golay Complementary codes, Orthogonal Gold codes and non-orthogonal Gold codes.
Maintenance of skeletal muscle intracellular glutamine during standard surgical trauma.

Skeletal muscle glutamine (GLN) concentration falls following injury and infection. In an attempt to prevent this decline and to characterize its influence on the efflux of amino acid (AA) from skeletal muscle, we administered varying quantities of AA (0, 2, and 4 g/kg·day) as saline or AA solutions with or without GLN enrichment to 22 postoperative dogs. Plasma and muscle AA were determined before and 24 hr after standard laparotomy. Hindquarter AA efflux was measured at 6 and 24 hr. Skeletal muscle nitrogen declined in saline controls (69.8 ± 8.5 us 52.8 ± 8.4 mmol/liter; p < 0.01), largely due to the fall in intracellular GLN (21.48 ± 3.21 us 15.86 ± 3.80; p < 0.05). Similar alterations were seen in the animals receiving 2 g/kg. However, both intracellular nitrogen and GLN were maintained in animals receiving 4 g/kg, whether the AA solutions contained GLN or not (skeletal muscle nitrogen before 64.3 ± 8.6 mmol/l vs 65.4 ± 7.0 after, GLN 19.2 ± 3.4 vs 19.9 ± 3.0). Hindquarter AA efflux was reduced in th...
Synergy of old and new technology results in successful revascularization of the anterior myocardium with relief of angina in the absence of suitable targets.

Background: Diffuse and distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary disease that is refractory to conventional surgical and/or percutaneous revascularization represents a clinical and economic dilemma. Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) has improved angina without clear measurable improvement of myocardial perfusion. This study was undertaken to determine if combining a Vineberg implant with TMLR of the LAD distribution enhances myocardial perfusion and relieves symptoms. Methods: Twenty-one patients with an obliterated LAD and a viable anterior wall underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) (2.6 grafts/patient). Eight were studied with preoperative, postoperative-early (4-9 days), and postoperative-late (3-5 months) stress and rest nuclear imaging. In all but 3 cases, the Vineberg implant was modified such that the distal end of the conduit, as it emerged from the muscular tunnel, was anastomosed to any patent LAD segment. The anterior wall, to the left of the LAD, was also instrumented with a Holmium yttriumaluminum-garnet laser (8-16 sites). Results: There has been 100% follow-up with durations ranging from 6 to 36 months. There were no deaths. All patients had complete relief of their angina. Serial perfusion scans demonstrated a 2-phase improvement in perfusion. Three of the patients underwent angiography of the implant at 6 to 9 months; angiography in each case demonstrated a patent robust conduit. The 1 patient studied at 24 months demonstrated several sites of a myocardial "blush" consistent with neovascularization. Conclusions: Although some of the benefits of TMLR/Vineberg may be a consequence of collateral blood flow from other revascularized regions, we believe there to be a synergistic effect on perfusion and angina relief by these combined procedures which may be related to angiogenesis.
Parental bonding and anxiety: differences between African American and European American college students.

Empirical evidence suggests that early home environments characterized by low care and high overprotection are positively associated with the adult expression of anxiety. While available evidence supports this position for European Americans, there has been no examination of the relationship between perceived parental rearing practices and anxiety among African Americans despite the theoretical assertion that African American parenting environments may be characterized as somewhat more overprotective than European Americans. This study investigated the relationship between maternal rearing patterns and trait and state measures of anxiety and depression among a sample of 59 African American and 55 European American college students. Results indicated that both groups reported similar levels of anxiety, depression, perceived care, and perceived overprotection. European Americans exhibited the typical pattern of a negative relationship between anxiety, depression, and care and a positive relationship between anxiety and overprotection. African Americans evidenced a similar negative relationship between anxiety, depression, and care, but no relationship between anxiety, depression, and overprotection. Furthermore, specific aspects of ethnic identity (i.e., ethnic achievement, ethnic behaviors) were found to be negatively associated with measures of trait anxiety among African Americans but not European Americans.
Regulated intracellular association of proteins using cell-permeable synthetic ligands

Nature maintains homeostasis in living systems through remarkable control mechanisms that are only now being elucidated. These mechanisms frequently involve cascades of regulated dimerization or oligomerization of proteins. For example, extracellular factors cause homoor heterodimerization of cell-surface receptors. This process results in the dimerization of the intracellular domains of the receptors and the subsequent recruitment of intracellular signalling proteins. Depending on the identity of these proteins, the signal transduced across the membrane may result in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle arrest, or death. Later in the signalling cabcade, signals that reach the nucleus can induce transcription factors to. inteiact with. each other and with components of the transcriptional apparatus.
Electrodynamics in a rotating frame of reference

Abstract The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a uniformly rotating frame of reference is studied. The existence of a general coupling between the helicity of the radiation and the rotation of the frame is pointed out. The standard relativistic expressions for the Doppler principle and aberration are generalized to include the new coupling. The consequences of these results for the aberration of polarized light and for interferometry in a rotating system are briefly discussed.
A Note on the Effects of Gibberellins on Alkaloidal Content of Hyoscyamus niger

A comparative assay was made for total alkaloids of the gibberellin-treated and untreated Hyoscyamus niger by the U. S. P. assay procedure. It has been shown that gibberellins do not increase the alkaloidal content in the leaves. The total alkaloidal content of the overground portion of the plant was somewhat less than that of the untreated plants.
A social dimensional cyber threat model with formal concept analysis and fact-proposition inference

Cyberspace has increasingly become a medium to express outrage, conduct protests, take revenge, spread opinions, and stir up issues. Many cyber attacks can be linked to current and historic events in the social, political, economic, and cultural SPEC dimensions of human conflicts in the physical world. These SPEC factors are often the root cause of many cyber attacks. Understanding the relationships between past and current SPEC events and cyber attacks can help understand and better prepare people for impending cyber attacks. The focus of this paper is to analyse these attacks in social dimensions and build a threat model based on past and current social events. A reasoning technique based on a novel combination of formal concept analysis FCA and hierarchical fact-proposition space FPS inference is applied to build the model.
Tumour promoter uncouples beta-adrenergic receptor from adenyl cyclase in mouse epidermis.

Alterations in β-adrenergic receptor number and function and in the hormonal responsiveness of adenylate cyclase have been observed in transformed cells1–3, and tumours4,5. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a potent tumour promoter in mouse skin, induces a dramatic loss of epidermal responsiveness to catecholamines in vivo6,8, although basal levels of cyclic AMP are not affected7–9. In other work we have shown that PMA treatment does not alter the number or affinity of epidermal β-receptors, although accumulation of cyclic AMP in response to isoprenaline injection is sharply inhibited10. Evidence is presented here that PMA exerts this effect by uncoupling epidermal β-receptors from adenylate cyclase.
Time-dependent wavepacket algorithm for inelastic molecule-molecule scattering

We present a time-dependent wavepacket propagation method for diatom-diatom inelastic scattering. This method is efficient for systems involving large numbers of states, and the algorithm used is suitable for and tested on a vector-processing computer. The numerical test is performed for a model HF-HF system, and the results obtained agree well with those from another calculation performed by the time-independent R-matrix propagation method.
Converting Between High- and Low-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in the Assessment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Although low-sensitivity CRP (Ls-CRP) is an important tool for evaluating infected orthopedic prostheses, no clinical studies have evaluated whether Hs-CRP is a suitable surrogate for Ls-CRP or other traditional infection biomarkers. The laboratory data of 98 arthroplasty patients with suspected prosthetic infection were reviewed. Hs-CRP was highly correlated with Ls-CRP (R = 0.93). ROC analysis generated 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity for both Hs-CRP and Ls-CRP at optimal cutoffs of 28.6 and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively. Both CRP tests were more accurate than serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophil differential, and white blood cell count. Hs-CRP was no different from Ls-CRP after unit conversion, and regression analyses suggested conversion factors that approximated 10. Hs-CRP and Ls-CRP have equivalent utility in the diagnosis of infected joint arthroplasty.
THuCIDIDES: a high-efficiency multimode spectrograph design for the Hale Telescope

This paper describes the operating parameters and initial design of a new spectrograph proposed for the 200-inch Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory. The instrument, whose working name is THuCIDIDES (Two Hundred-inch Cassegrain Image- Deblurred Interchangeable-Disperser/Echelle Spectrograph), will feature high system efficiency and multiple modes of operation, including low- and intermediate-resolution long slit and multi-slit capability over 12.5 X 3 arcmin fields, and a cross-dispersed echelle mode covering 3800 - 8500 angstrom at R equals 20,000 (with a 1.2 arcsecond slit) up to R equals 60,000 (with an image slicer). A 4096 X 4096 pixel CCD will serve as the detector. The quasi-Littrow echelle configuration and use of a prism cross-disperser will result in high system efficiency, estimated at approximately equals 14%. The compact design will permit mounting in the Cassegrain ring plane, to reduce susceptibility to flexure. An optional fast-guiding tilt mirror provides modest improvement to seeing FWHM and slit throughput.
Visualizing the mouse podocyte with multiphoton microscopy.

The podocyte is a highly specialized kidney glomerular epithelial cell that plays an essential role in glomerular filtration and is believed to be the target of numerous glomerular diseases leading to proteinuria. Despite the leaps in our understanding of podocyte biology, new methodologies are needed to facilitate research into the cell. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to image the nephrin knockout/green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in heterozygote (Nphs1tm1Rkl/J) mouse. The nephrin promoter restricts GFP expression to the podocytes that fluoresce green under excitation. From the exterior of an intact kidney, MPM can peer into the renal parenchyma and visualize the podocytes that outline the globular shape of the glomeruli. Details as fine as the podocyte’s secondary processes can be resolved. In contrast, podocytes exhibit no fluorescence in the wildtype mouse and are invisible to MPM. Phenotypically, there are no significant differences between wildtype and Nphs1tm1Rkl/J mice in body weight, urinary albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, or glomerular depth. Interestingly, the glomeruli are closer to the kidney capsule in female mice, making the gender the preferred choice for MPM. For the first time, green fluorescent podocytes in a mouse model free of confounding phenotypes can be visualized unequivocally and in the “positive” by MPM, facilitating intravital studies of the podocyte.
To be and to become: the changing focus of developmental paediatrics

The focus of paediatric (re)habilitation services is increasingly changing. The emphasis on outcome measurement is the driving force for redesigning service provision, as outcome tells us 'what', while service provision 'how' it is provided. Also the changing opinions on development contribute to a different form of health care intervention for children with disabilities. In general, one could say that development is currently being viewed as the simultaneous combination of 'to be' and 'to become', meaning that it has to meet current needs (specificity) and future needs (plasticity). Such a view turns every paediatric (re)habilitation process into a very dynamic one, with consequences for those involved.
Reduced Amino Acid Specificity of Mammalian Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Is Associated with Elevated Mistranslation of Tyr Codons

Quality control operates at different steps in translation to limit errors to approximately one mistranslated codon per 10,000 codons during mRNA-directed protein synthesis. Recent studies have suggested that error rates may actually vary considerably during translation under different growth conditions. Here we examined the misincorporation of Phe at Tyr codons during synthesis of a recombinant antibody produced in tyrosine-limited Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Tyr to Phe replacements were previously found to occur throughout the antibody at a rate of up to 0.7% irrespective of the identity or context of the Tyr codon translated. Despite this comparatively high mistranslation rate, no significant change in cellular viability was observed. Monitoring of Phe and Tyr levels revealed that changes in error rates correlated with changes in amino acid pools, suggesting that mischarging of tRNATyr with noncognate Phe by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase was responsible for mistranslation. Steady-state kinetic analyses of CHO cytoplasmic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase revealed a 25-fold lower specificity for Tyr over Phe as compared with previously characterized bacterial enzymes, consistent with the observed increase in translation error rates during tyrosine limitation. Functional comparisons of mammalian and bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase revealed key differences at residues responsible for amino acid recognition, highlighting differences in evolutionary constraints for translation quality control.
A method to determine heat-caused mortality in bunchgrasses.

This paper describes a method for separating plant morality due to heat from mortality caused by herbage removal; squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith) and needle—and—thread (Stipa comata Trin. and Ruper.) are used as examples. After plants are burned in the field under controlled conditions, ratios are calculated between field—measured durations of temperatures in plants and laboratory—measured thermal death times for plant tissue. If the sum of the ratios for the various temperatures is 1.0 (designated 1 necrotherm) or greater, mortality is attributed to heat; if the sum is less than 1.0, to herbage removal. Further testing of the "predictor" on more species, sites, years, etc., is needed, but the method appears very promising. For the two bunchgrasses tested, heat alone accounted for all mortality by fire, except during July. The time required for a specific temperature to kill plants varied with season. To predict thermal death times for bunchgrasses and thus simplify the laboratory determinations, an empirical equation was developed.
Group 10 metal complexes of a cyclic diphosphine: The crystal structures of bis(cis-P,P′-diphenyl-1,4-diphospha-cyclohexane)M(II) chloride, M = palladium, platinum

Abstract The preparation and characterization of the novel Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal complexes with cis-P,P′-diphenyl-1,4-diphospha-cyclohexane (dpdpc) are described. The X-ray structures of [M(dpdpc)2]Cl2 (M = Pd, Pt) are also reported.
Ion selectivity and gating mechanisms of FNT channels

The phospholipid bilayer has evolved to be a protective and selective barrier by which the cell maintains high concentrations of life sustaining organic and inorganic material. As gatekeepers responsible for an immense amount of bidirectional chemical traffic between the cytoplasm and extracellular milieu, ion channels have been studied in detail since their postulated existence nearly three-quarters of a century ago. Over the past fifteen years, we have begun to understand how selective permeability can be achieved for both cationic and anionic ions. Our mechanistic knowledge has expanded recently with studies of a large family of anion channels, the Formate Nitrite Transport (FNT) family. This family has proven amenable to structural studies at a resolution high enough to reveal intimate details of ion selectivity and gating. With five representative members having yielded a total of 15 crystal structures, this family represents one of the richest sources of structural information for anion channels.
On parametric values and types of representation in wind‐driven ocean circulation studies

The vertically averaged equations of motion for the barotropic model of wind-driven ocean circulation on the β-plane are discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate the two non-dimensional parameters, viz., the Rossby number, R , and the (bottom) frictional parameter, ?, by comparing observed scales with those derived from simple boundary layer arguments. It is found that ? and R are (upper) bounded for the model if one imposes the scale of the Gulf Stream as the smallest significant scale of the ocean. Maximum values for the bottom-friction coefficient and for the ratio of wind-stress to depth of the model are determined. The general problem of analyzing the equations by approximate (numerical) techniques is discussed and a proposal is made to carry out the analysis by working with limited representations and correspondingly exaggerated values of the parameters. Finally a comparison is made of the error involved in treating Stommel's steady, linear, frictional model by two approximate methods, a limited Fourier representation and a finite-difference scheme. The latter is found to describe the solution of the linear model with considerably less distortion than the former. Flans to treat the fully non-linear, time-dependent system are described. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1965.tb00196.x
EEG alpha activity reflects attentional demands, and beta activity reflects emotional and cognitive processes

Two experiments were designed to examine the effects of attentional demands on the electroencephalogram during cognitive and emotional tasks. We found an interaction of task with hemisphere as well as more overall parietal alpha for tasks not requiring attention to the environment, such as mental arithmetic, than for those requiring such attention. Differential hemispheric activation for beta was found most strongly in the temporal areas for emotionally positive or negative tasks and in the parietal areas for cognitive tasks.
Ontological and epistemological terrains revisited

The present commentary discusses the scientific legitimacy of theories confined to correlations of observables and those that specify the mechanisms governing the relations between observable events. Operant analysts frame the theoretical differences misleadingly when the operant approach is portrayed as addressing environmental influence for effecting change but cognitive approaches are depicted as disembodied from environmental influences and thus can only provide correlates with action. In point of fact, both approaches encompass environmental influences. The major issues in contention are whether human thinking is entirely or only partially shaped by environmental influences; whether the influences in the person-environment relation flow unidirectionally or bidirectionally; and whether human thought serves a determinative function or is a functionless epiphenomenon. Proponents of epiphenomenalism regard other people's thinking as functionless by-products of conditioned responses, but present their own thoughts on matters as the right ones that provide functional guides for structuring interventions. This commentary discusses the self-negating nature of the epiphenomenalism argument. It also corrects misunderstandings and misrepresentations of self-efficacy theory.
Incidence of acute cellular rejection and non-cellular rejection in cardiac transplantation

Abstract Background Rejection continues to be one of the leading causes of death during the first year after cardiac transplantation. With the advent of more potent immunosuppressive therapies, the incidence of graft rejection has been reported to be decreasing. Yet, this trend has not been well established due to differences in the interpretation of and the protocols for endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Additionally, the incidence of humoral (noncellular) rejection has not been adequately addressed. Methods Six thousand one hundred thirty endomyocardial biopsy specimens in 487 cardiac transplant recipients during the first year posttransplantation from 1990 to 2000 were reviewed to assess the incidences of acute cellular and treated noncellular rejection episodes. Cellular rejection was defined as ISHLT grades 3–4; noncellular rejection as a 20% decrease in echo LVEF, cardiac index Results The incidence of noncellular rejection has remained relatively unchanged at approximately 20% (P = nonsignificant for all years); in contrast, there has been a significant decrease (P Conclusion The incidence of noncellular rejection in cardiac transplant recipients has remained unchanged through the 1990s despite improved immunosuppressive therapies, which have significantly decreased the incidence of acute cellular rejection. There appears to be a need for newer immunosuppressive agents to effectively treat noncellular rejection. Clinical trials using allograft rejection as a major endpoint will need to increase the enrollment of patients to achieve adequate power to demonstrate differences between study groups.
Improving boron isotope ratio measurement precision with quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

A method was developed to improve the precision of inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) for the determination of boron isotope ratios (11B/10B) in various environmental materials including seawater. This approach is based on the common analyte internal standardization (CAIS) chemometric algorithm. The sample solution obtained after digestion is spiked with lithium, and both 7Li/6Li and 11B/10B values are measured using long-counting periods (20 min). The CAIS algorithm corrects the measured 11B/10B values for (a) statistical fluctuations resulting from short-term noise; (b) drift in 11B-to-10B ratio as a result of long-term deviation in instrumental parameters likely to occur during long counting times; (c) change in 11B-to-10B ratio caused by variation in matrix elements concentrations; and (d) drift in mass bias correction factor. Comparing boron isotopic ratios in seawater measured by conventional and the new isotope ratio methods validates the procedure. A synthetic isotopic mixture of boron SRM 951 and enriched 10B SRM 952 also was examined. The CAIS method provided a measured boron isotopic ratio precision of 0.05% R.S.D. while eliminating 5.1% matrix concentration error and 0.25% instrumental drift error.
Revisiting a Theory-Supported Approach to Teaching Cross-Cultural Management Skills

Abstract Cross—cultural skills are a major criterion for success in the global business environment. For American managers in multinational organizations, this means learning to manage cultural difference at three levels: self, interpersonal, and organizational. Since literature indicates that training programs based on cross—cultural and learning theories are more effective, this paper examines a training program that Serrie first reported in a 1992 issue of JTIB. The five related and synergistic activities discussed in the paper give participants experience in dealing with and solving real—world problems in cross-cultural management at all three levels. The process is reassessed in terms of recent theory, and to confirm the efficacy of this approach, a pretest—posttest experiment was conducted with a treatment group and control groups. Results show that the treatment group was the only one to show a significant (at p < 0.05) increase in intercultural expertisea measure of cross—cultural skill. Limitatio...
We Knew That’s It: Retelling the Turning Point of a Narrative:

A paradigmatic means of conveying a turningpoint in a narrativeof danger is the line ‘we knew that’s it’ (Labov, 1972). In four tellings of a single narrative about danger during the Holocaust, anarrator varies this line in ways that maintain its collective focus on knowledge, but alter what is ‘known’. An analysis of changes in the ‘we knew [x]’ line reveals its relationship with the changingstructure of the narrative and with the shift toward multi-vocalic means ofexternal evaluation. Also suggested is the relationship of the overall narrative changes to the changing place of Holocaust discourse, narrative and oral history in memory culture, and the larger discourse of resistance and survival.
Array configuration and total power calibration for the Large-Aperture Experiment to detect the Dark Ages

The Large-Aperture Experiment to detect the Dark Ages (LEDA) pursues to answer questions related to the early universe about 100 million years after the Big Bang (http://www.ledatelescope.org). In order to achieve the required observational capabilities LEDA is currently developing signal processing instrumentation that comprises a large-N correlator expected to serve 512 dipole antennas with a 32 input prototype deployed at the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1) colocated with the Very Large Array in New Mexico. The correlator comprises a packetized CASPER architecture and combines FPGAs and GPUs for the F and X stages. The LEDA backend is going to provide a frequency coverage of 28-88 MHz.
Error probability of coherent detection for trellis-coded partial response CPM on Rician fading channels

Trellis-coded continuous phase modulation (TC-CPM) schemes are attractive for bandwidth and power limited communication systems such as mobile satellite communications and land mobile radio communications. A coherent receiver for interleaved partial response TC-CPM is derived. A true upper bound on the bit error probability for flat fading channels is derived by showing that TC-CPM is equivalent to a trellis-coded modulation scheme. The upper bound is evaluated by defining an error-state diagram along with a set of characteristic distances and then applying transfer function bounding techniques. Comparison with simulation results shows the upper bound tight to within 1.5-2 dB.
Biotransformation of CL-20 by a dehydrogenase enzyme from Clostridium sp. EDB2

In a previous study, a marine isolate Clostridium sp. EDB2 degraded 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) under anaerobic conditions (Bhushan B, Halasz A, Thiboutot S, Ampleman G, Hawari J (2004c) Chemotaxis-mediated biodegradation of cyclic nitramine explosives RDX, HMX, and CL-20 by Clostridium sp. EDB2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 316:816–821); however, the enzyme responsible for CL-20 degradation was not known. In the present study, we isolated and purified an enzyme, from strain EDB2, responsible for CL-20 degradation. The enzyme was membrane-associated and NADH-dependent and had a molecular weight of 56 kDa (with SDS-PAGE). N-terminal amino acid sequence of enzyme revealed that it belonged to dehydrogenase class of enzymes. The purified enzyme degraded CL-20 at a rate of 18.5 nmol/h mg protein under anaerobic conditions. Carbon and nitrogen mass balance of the products were 100 and 64%, respectively. In LC–MS–MS studies, we detected three different initial metabolites from CL-20, i.e., mono-nitroso derivative, denitrohydrogenated product, and double-denitrated isomers with molecular weight of 422, 393, and 346 Da, corresponding to presumed empirical formulas of C6H6N12O11, C6H7N11O10, and C6H6N10O8, respectively. Identity of all the three metabolites were confirmed by using ring-labeled [15N]CL-20 and the nitro-group-labeled [15NO2]CL-20. Taken together, the above data suggested that the enzyme degraded CL-20 via three different routes: Route A, via two single electron transfers necessary to release two nitro-groups from CL-20 to produce two double-denitrated isomers; Route B, via a hydride transfer necessary to produce a denitrohydrogenated product; and Route C, via transfer of two redox equivalents to CL-20 necessary to produce a mono-nitroso derivative of CL-20. This is the first biochemical study which showed that CL-20 degradation can be initiated via more than one pathway.
Dynamic Tensile Testing of Kevlar 49 Fabrics

Measurement of deformation history during a high-speed mechanical test plays an important role in establishing the dynamic behavior of materials. Traditional strain measuring techniques such as ext...
NON-RANDOM LATERALITY OF MALFORMATIONS IN PAIRED STRUCTURES

An evaluation of over 20,000 cases, encompassing 17 separate unilateral defects, revealed a statistically significant non-random propensity for sidedness for each aberration of morphogenesis studied. Some anomalies were strikingly left versus right sided, such as post-axial polydactyly (3:1) and cleft lip (2:1); while others were predominantly right sided, such as fibular aplasia (1:2) and radial aplasia (1:2). Of special interest was the left sided incidence of hemiatrophy versus the right sided predominance of hemihypertrophy. The propensity of certain potentially cryptic anomalies, such as dislocation of the hip and renal agenesis, to be left sided can be of practical relevance. This non-random preference for sidedness also exists for several teratogenically induced defects as well as in both normal and abnormal morphogenesis in several other mammals studied. These findings imply subtle developmental differences between the two sides for each tissue, allowing one of the sides a greater liability for a particular type of defect in morphogenesis.