cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Dual Sensing Approach to Simultaneous Temperature and Pressure Measurement From Injection Mold Cavity

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a self-energized wireless sensor capable of simultaneous pressure-temperature dual sensing from within a mold cavity. The sensor extracts energy from the polymer melt pressure differential during the injection molding process and uses ultrasonic pulses as the wireless information transmission carrier. Simultaneous acquisition of melt temperature and pressure and differentiation of the two parameters at the signal receiver's end are made possible by variations of two parameters related to the ultrasonic pulses: the number of ultrasound pulses and the carrier frequency. While the pressure is discretized and translated proportionally into a corresponding number of pulses by a threshold modulator, a temperature-sensitive oscillator module converts the melt temperature variations into a shift of the ultrasound carrier frequency. To quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of transmission and retrieval of the dual sensing data, an analytical model is established that relates the sensor design to the molding process parameters. The developed technique is validated by the experimental data from a real physical model.© 2006 ASME
Simple devices for restricting the visual fields of birds

The construction and use of several simple occluders designed for long-term use is described. They permit limiting vision either to one eye or to the frontal or lateral visual fields and permit rapid interchange among these conditions.
Self-limited granulomatous angiitis of the cerebellum.

A middle-aged woman presented with clinical evidence of rapidly progressive cerebellar dysfunction and had radiographic evidence of a cerebellar mass. Biopsy of the lesion disclosed granulomatous angiitis. She recovered completely, the only treatment being dexamethasone given for five days after surgery.
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Presenting as a Lung Mass

We describe a case of pulmonary artery aneurysm in which clinical clues and conventional imaging suggested a lung tumor, and the actual nature of the lesion was discovered at the time of thoracotomy. This case shows the importance of an awareness of this condition in the formulation of a differential diagnosis for a lung mass.
Wavefront analysis and design through the diffraction of a chirped binary grating: the fast polarization case

An exact model for chirped binary gratings is introduced together with an analytic solution applicable in the electromagnetic regime. The solution employs a multiple scattering matrix formulation and boundary value problem techniques to determine the scattering coefficients of the diffracted fields, which in turn leads to an iterative algorithm for grating designs. Numerical examples on the design of a binary grating lens operating in the near-field are presented with computer simulations. It shows that under oblique plane wave illumination more than 90 percent of the diffracted power can be focused into a narrow beam of one wavelength in beamwidth over the image plane which is located only 12 wavelengths away from the grating plane.
The Role of Genetics in IBS

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that has been shown to aggregate in families and to affect multiple generations, but not in a manner consistent with a major Mendelian effect. Relatives of an individual with IBS are 2 to 3 times as likely to have IBS, with both genders being affected. To date, more than 100 genetic variants in more than 60 genes from various pathways have been studied in a number of candidate gene studies, with several positive associations reported. These findings suggest that there may be distinct, as well as shared, molecular underpinnings for IBS and its subtypes.
Glycolic Acid Peels Compared to Microdermabrasion: A Right‐Left Controlled Trial of Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction

background. Glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion are widely recommended by dermatologists and others for facial skin rejuvenation, but few studies have assessed their clinical efficacy. objective. To compare the relative efficacy of glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion for facial skin rejuvenation. methods. An unblinded, randomized controlled trial was used. Each of 10 patients received paired treatments with glycolic acid peels (20%) and microdermabrasion (mild setting) for 6 consecutive weeks. The right and left sides of the face were treated with different modalities. Once a patient was assigned to receive a particular modality to a particular side of the face, all subsequent treatments were delivered in the same manner. Patient ratings, investigator ratings, and photographs were obtained before the first treatment and 1 week after the last treatment. results. In terms of overall preference for a given type of treatment, seven patients chose glycolic acid peels, one selected microdermabrasion, and two had no favorite treatment. The relative preference for glycolic acid peels approached significance (P = .0578). Investigator ratings and photographic comparisons did not reveal treatment-specific differences or significant improvement from baseline. No serious side effects were seen with either treatment, and even mild effects were seldom reported. conclusion. In this study, patients appeared to prefer low-strength glycolic acid peels to low-intensity microdermabrasion for facial rejuvenation. Differences in patient satisfaction were subtle and may be technique dependent.
Chromosomes and the taxonomic status of the genus Tarsius: Preliminary results

The two classes of data currently bearing on the taxonomic status of the genus Tarsius are reviewed. On the basis of these morphometrical and biochemical data it has not been possible to determine whether the tarsier should be included within (or more closely affiliated with) the prosimians (Prosimii) or the anthropoids (Anthropoidea). Because a third class of data, chromosomes, suggests that living tarsiers are very different from both groups, they could be considered a sister group of both the prosimians and the anthropoids. It is therefore suggested that the suborder Tarsioidea be resurrected.
NDI technique development for new technologies

In the aerospace industry, the space industry in particular, there is a persistent emphasis on knowing the quality of the components, assemblies, and systems. The demand for quality in the space industry is driven by the high cost of finding problems late in assembly and the impediments to repairing hardware on orbit. One source of late problems is commonly attributed to the incorporation of new technologies. In this work as part of an effort to identify gaps in a suite of funded technology development efforts, we used the Risk Roadmap amplified from a systems point of view. This methodology resulted in insights into the origins of some of the problems associated with incorporating new technology, and the need for planning for system accommodation. One of the system accommodation efforts identified by this effort was the need for the development of nondestructive evaluation and inspection (NDE/NDI) techniques to begin sooner, at approximately TRL 3, with respect to the technology, in order to avoid causing a program delay. This paper describes the Risk Roadmap and the other views of the data in the development of the associated systems view that led to this insight.
Cellular Effects Induced by the Antitumor Agent Azinomycin B

Studies on the mechanism of action of the antitumor agent azinomycin B in vitro suggest that the drug elicits its lethal effects by the formation of interstrand crosslinks within the major groove of DNA. Here, we demonstrate the biological effects of the drug in vivo. Fluorescence imaging revealed localization of azinomycin B in the nuclear region of yeast. Moreover, experiments with oligonucleotide microarrays examined the effects of the drug across the yeast transcriptome. The results demonstrated a robust DNA damage response that supports the proposed role of the drug as a covalent DNA modifying agent. RT-PCR analysis validated the gene changes, and flow cytometry of azinomycin-treated yeast cells demonstrated a phenotypic S phase shift consistent with transcriptional effects.
Differential regulation of eosinophil adhesion under conditions of flow in vivo

The proinflammatory role of eosinophils in patients with allergic inflammation is now well recognized. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the sequential events of eosinophil recruitment from the blood stream to sites of allergic inflammation under conditions of shear force have not been clearly established. Using the xenogeneic rabbit model system to study human eosinophil adhesion under conditions of flow in vivo, we have demonstrated that eosinophils like neutrophils roll, adhere, and extravasate across cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells at physiological shear rates in vivo. Eosinophils rolling on venular endothelial cells is mediated by L-selectin and VLA-4. Mediators of cellular activation such as GM-CSF, PAF, or PMA had a differential effect on neutrophil and eosinophil receptor expression and their rolling function. It would thus appear that acting sequentially or in concert a variety of cytokines, including GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-5, and specific cell adhesion molecules (VLA-4/VCAM-1) might play a critical role in the selective sequestration of eosinophils and other proinflammatory leukocytes into the inflamed tissues during episodes of allergic inflammation. Further understanding of the function of these mediators as well as other traffic signals that regulate eosinophil adhesion will help in developing better therapeutic strategies to block the emigration of eosinophils from the blood stream, and also to inhibit the activation of eosinophils once they have reached sites of tissue inflammation.
A Bayesian network for early diagnosis of sepsis patients: a basis for a clinical decision support system

Sepsis is a severe medical condition caused by an inordinate immune response to an infection. Early detection of sepsis symptoms is important to prevent the progression into the more severe stages of the disease, which kills one in four it effects. Electronic medical records of 1492 patients containing 233 cases of sepsis were used in a clustering analysis to identify features that are indicative of sepsis and can be further used for training a Bayesian inference network. The Bayesian network was constructed using the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, mean arterial pressure, and lactate levels for sepsis patients. The resulting network reveals a clear correlation between lactate levels and sepsis. Furthermore, it was shown that lactate levels may be predicative of the SIRS criteria. In this light, Bayesian networks of sepsis patients hold the promise of providing a clinical decision support system in the future.
A PWWP Domain-Containing Protein Targets the NuA3 Acetyltransferase Complex via Histone H3 Lysine 36 trimethylation to Coordinate Transcriptional Elongation at Coding Regions

Post-translational modifications of histones, such as acetylation and methylation, are differentially positioned in chromatin with respect to gene organization. For example, although histone H3 is often trimethylated on lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and acetylated on lysine 14 (H3K14ac) at active promoter regions, histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) occurs throughout the open reading frames of transcriptionally active genes. The conserved yeast histone acetyltransferase complex, NuA3, specifically binds H3K4me3 through a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger in the Yng1 subunit, and subsequently catalyzes the acetylation of H3K14 through the histone acetyltransferase domain of Sas3, leading to transcription initiation at a subset of genes. We previously found that Ylr455w (Pdp3), an uncharacterized proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain-containing protein, copurifies with stable members of NuA3. Here, we employ mass-spectrometric analysis of affinity purified Pdp3, biophysical binding assays, and genetic analyses to classify NuA3 into two functionally distinct forms: NuA3a and NuA3b. Although NuA3a uses the PHD finger of Yng1 to interact with H3K4me3 at the 5′-end of open reading frames, NuA3b contains the unique member, Pdp3, which regulates an interaction between NuA3b and H3K36me3 at the transcribed regions of genes through its PWWP domain. We find that deletion of PDP3 decreases NuA3-directed transcription and results in growth defects when combined with transcription elongation mutants, suggesting NuA3b acts as a positive elongation factor. Finally, we determine that NuA3a, but not NuA3b, is synthetically lethal in combination with a deletion of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5, indicating NuA3b has a specialized role at coding regions that is independent of Gcn5 activity. Collectively, these studies define a new form of the NuA3 complex that associates with H3K36me3 to effect transcriptional elongation. MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001156.
Sedentism and food production in early complex societies of the Soconusco, Mexico

Abstract This paper presents a case study of the relationship between increasing plant use, sedentism and political complexity among societies on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico during the Early and Middle Formative period (1600–800 bce). I argue that each of these variables increased at different paces in the region. Some of the earliest ceramics in Mesoamerica are documented by 1600 bce as is increasingly sedentary village life. During the following centuries a number of political centres rose and fell. While macrobotanical remains of numerous domestic plant species have been recovered from Early Formative and earlier Archaic period contexts, the overall diet was very broad based with extensive resources exploited from the nearby swamp and estuary systems. Isotopic, ground stone and iconographic data all indicate that the subsistence base underwent a marked transformation during the Middle Formative Conchas phase (900–800 bce) which corresponds to an environmental shift to stable, moist conditions ...
The Relationship Between Assessments of Internal Control Strength and Error Occurrence, Impact and Cause

Abstract Planning judgments concerning the nature, extent and timing of evidence are critical to an audit's effectiveness and efficiency. The auditing literature suggests that knowledge of the strength of a client's internal controls in various cycles is an important consideration in such judgments, since the controls' strength is expected to affect the likelihood and nature of financial statement errors. This study examines the occurrence, financial impact and cause of detected misstatements as related to the assessed strength of internal controls. Data on detected errors were gathered from a random, cross-sectional sample of 186 audit agreements. Auditors reported detailed information on 368 audit adjustments, representing 731 misstatements to individual accounts. The results indicated that as assessed internal controls weakened, the frequency of adjustments increased and adjustments were more likely to have an effect on income. However, error magnitude did not differ across control strength settings. E...
Human resources and the adjustment process

Lasting economic adjustment in Latin America will require comprehensive worker framing programs that respond to changing private sector needs. Human Resources and the Adjustment Process examines whether drops in output are associated with structural, adjustment, identifies the labour categories hardest hit, and analyses the efforts of national institutions to retrain the work force and cushion the impact of adjustment. Studies of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay find that none has yet designed a retraining program that deals adequately with an the effects of adjustment. Better co-ordination is needed between restructured firms and the educational system, and countries must move beyond cyclical funding for training 'programs. Human resource development tends to surge during boom periods but wither during recessionary cycles. Institutional mechamsms are needed to consistently track demand for different types of labour and to ensure that training not only meets current demand but anticipates future labour needs as well.
Bacterial starvation stress and contamination of beef

Abstract Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 were starved by suspending washed cells in phosphate buffer for 5 days at 10, 25 or 37°C. Starved bacteria were evaluated for their ability to attach to beef tissue and their sensitivity to acetic acid sanitizing. Starvation stress generally decreased the numbers of bacteria which attached to the tissue when compared to control bacterial cultures grown to late logarithmic growth phase. Starvation temperature was negatively correlated to the numbers of attached bacteria. Starvation slightly increased the sensitivity of attached S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes cells to acetic acid, but did not affect the sensitivity of attached E. coli. Electrostatic interaction chromatography revealed few differences in the surface charge of starved cells, when compared to the control cultures.
Study Abroad Education in New England Higher Education: A Pilot Survey.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop relevant questions for research by gaining an initial understanding of how the field of study abroad education is organizing itself within institutions of higher education. The context is the growing numbers of students, demands, and expectations made on study abroad programs.Design/methodology/approach – The survey was carried out by analyzing publicly available data and information, as it would be available to students, of all the accredited institutions of higher education within the six states of New England.Findings – The findings confirm that albeit for Community Colleges, the vast majority of institutions offer study abroad programs. However, this survey also reveals the important role providers are playing in offering generic programs to students from multiple institutions.Research limitations/implications – The findings call for further investigation into institutional strategies concerning the choice of programs, particularly those involving prov...
Source of recruitment and employee attitudes: An analysis of job involvement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction

This study empirically investigated the relationship between recruiting methods and the work attitudes of job involvement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Multivariate and follow-up univariate analyses showed strong recruitment source effects, with employee referrals emerging as a better source of recruitment than newspaper advertisements. The results of the study are discussed and directions for future research elucidated.
Engineering development of hyperfiltration with dynamic membranes Part II. Brackish water pretreatment pilot plant

Abstract Exploratory studies showed that feed hardness less than 10 ppm as CaCO 3 was required to maintain high fluxes (∼100 gal/ft 2 ·day) from a dynamically formed Zr(IV)-PAA membrane. Consequently, a softening pilot plant was developed based on conventional lime-soda softening chemistry: however, because of the small scale, NaOH was substituted for lime and CO 2 was substituted for soda. The pilot plant consisted of a stirred reaction tank, a mixer-settler, and a separate filtration system containing a holdup tank, a recirculating pump, and a cross-flow filter (16 ft of fire hose jacket with a total filtration area of 4.5 ft 2 ). Concentrated solids (18% by wt) were discharged from the mixer-settler. It was discovered that by precoating the cross-flow filter with precipitated CaCO 3 , the adverse effects of Mg(OH) 2 on the rate of filtration could be ameliorated. In one test of ∼300 hr duration the product from the cross-flow filter had a hardness of less than 10 ppm as CaCO 3 with an average flux of ∼500 gal/ft 2 · day when the axial velocity was 16 ft/sec and the average pressure was 32 psig.
Clinical experience with PACS at Northwestern: year two

We have previously described the PACS configuration at Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH). As opposed to an imaging modality, PACS is an evolving system that continuously grows and changes to meet the needs of the institution. The NMH PACS has grown significantly in the past year and has undergone significant architectural enhancements. This growth and evolutionary change will be described and discussed. The system now contains over 339,000 studies consisting of over 13 million images. There are now two short-term RAID storage units that provide for twice as much fast storage. There are also two magneto-optical disk jukeboxes providing long-term archive. We have deployed a redundant database to improve reliability of the system in the event of database failure. The number of modalities connected to the system has increased and will be summarized. Statistics describing utilization of the PACS will be shown. Lastly, we will discuss our plans for exploiting the application service provider model in our PACS environment.
Perinatal survival following preferential sequential selective laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

Objective. To describe our experience with preferential use of sequential selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SQLPCV) in women with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).Methods. Women with TTTS received treatment using the SQLPCV technique whenever possible. SQLPCV mandates ablation of all donor-to-recipient arteriovenous communications first, in comparison to the standard non-sequential selective technique.Results. Of 99 consecutive women treated, 64 received SQLPCV. Overall survival of one or both twins was 91% and dual survival was 72%. Higher dual survival rates (80 vs. 57%, p = 0.0317) and donor survival rates (83 vs. 63%, p = 0.0489) were noted in the SQLPCV group. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that the SQLPCV technique was highly associated with dual survivorship (OR = 4.64 [1.57–13.74], p = 0.0056), when controlling for gestational age at surgery, duration of laser treatment and number of anastomoses lasered. Neither Quintero stage, placental location, preo...
Effects of Deposition Conditions on the Structure and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanopipettes

Carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) are integrated devices combining a nanometer-size carbon tip with a glass pipette. The carbon tip is produced by catalytic CVD. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the structure of the CNPs can be controlled by varying the synthesis parameters. Increased carbon graphitization is observed as the synthesis temperature increases from 890 °C to 950 °C. A similar effect is achieved by lowering the carbon precursor (methane) concentration from 60% to 20%. Changes in the amount of catalyst do not have a significant effect on the carbon graphitization. At the same time, CNPs with relatively large amounts of hydrogen bonds on the surface are obtained by using a high methane concentration. This finding is used to facilitate the functionalization of the CNPs with gold nanoparticles.
Ethnicity, Class, and Race in the United States Prospects for African-American/Latino Alliances

The United States is still organized in terms of a hierarchy of race, gender, and class. In the context of challenges to U.S. hegemony and loss of legitimacy at home, a new hegemonic discourse seeks to replace the racial/class hierarchy with a “color-blind” society made up of a plurality of ethnic groups. Interclass racial alliances have long been engineered by the state to prevent the formation of effective interracial class alliances, and therefore as the “color-blind” society is celebrated the significance of race is reasserting itself nationally and globally. To construct an African-American/Latino class alliance that can strengthen the social justice movement on the way to transforming capitalist racial and gender relations, it will be necessary to unveil and resist this discourse and examine the gendered and racialized spaces that affect Latinos and African-Americans alike.
Poly(bis-(2,5-N-methylpyrrylene)vinylene), a new conducting polymer

Abstract A new conducting polymer, poly(bis-(2,5- N -methylpyrrylene)vinylene), pMPy2V, has been prepared by electrochemical oxidation; it is an air-stable, moisture-insensitive, free-standing, black film with metallic conductivity 500 to 800 times greater than that of poly( N -methylpyrrole). The doped polymer probably has a trans configuration around the vinylene groups, and has approximately one cation site for every 16 neutral N -methylpyrrole units. The polymer can be electrochemically reduced to the yellow insulating form.
Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease Increases Deformations at Cephalad Adjacent Levels In Vivo

Low back pain, one of the most common causes of disability in working population is in the vast majority of cases attributed to degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD). It has been reported that in patients with degenerative disc diseases (DDD) at one level, the discs adjacent to the diseased level have a greater tendency to degenerate. Studies have also suggested altered biomechanics as causative factors [1, 2]. However, to date no data has been reported on the deformation of the disc in vivo in DDD patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lumbar IVD degeneration on the deformation of the discs at the adjacent levels during functional weightbearing postures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Prevention and treatment: A strategy for survival

Prevention activity has continuously remained a problem of vital concern to all professionals in the Community Mental Health Center field. It is the thesis of this paper that prevention activity will no longer be a problem since it will be altogether eliminated in the present NIMH design; and, furthermore, that if prevention is indeed a valid activity in community mental health, alternate strategies must be sought. The discussion cites previous studies as well as current NIMH priorities to support the argument that prevention activity must be organizationally separated from service delivery. A strategy of “structural segmentation” is offered to include the use of voluntary auspices to protect the program objective of primary prevention.
In vivo binding to and functional repression of the VDR gene promoter by SLUG in human breast cells

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) [1–3] is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that mediates most biological effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD). In vitro studies have shown that the VDR ligand, VD, modulates key proteins involved in signaling, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of normal mammary epithelial cells. However, many transformed breast cancer cells lose sensitivity to VD owing to down-regulation of VDR function [1–3]. SLUG is a member of the SNAI family of C2H2-zinc finger family of transcriptional repressors [4–6]. It is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition during development [5], acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis [7], and causes tubulogenesis during breast and kidney developments [4,5]. The genes inhibited by SLUG include E-cadherin [8], claudins [9], BRCA2 [10], and cytokeratins [11]. Our ChIP-DSL analysis of 20,000 human gene promoter array revealed that more than 150 promoters bind to SLUG at their promoters (Mittal, M.K. and Chaudhuri, G., unpublished data). VDR gene is one of the candidate SLUG-regulated genes. Here, we report that SLUG indeed binds in vivo to the VDR gene promoter in human breast cell nucleus and inhibits VDR gene expression by chromatin remodeling.
Energy storage system for GM Volt — lifetime benefits

The rapid expansion of hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles into the marketplace will make a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions and reduction in dependence on volatile world oil market. However, there are several obstacles preventing mass adoption of these automotive improvements. These obstacles include alternative energy costs, fluctuation in oil prices, and supplies of alternative energy. This paper will analyze the Chevy Volt Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) gas savings, CO2 reduction, and reduction in oil consumption based on a real world model derived from actual vehicle and driver profiles. The benefits of the Volt and other alternative energy vehicles are dependent upon the number of vehicles used by the overall population. Government regulations and the price of oil will greatly influence the rapid adoption of these vehicles.
Design approaches for laser-diode material-processing systems using fibers and micro-optics

Low-cost, efficient, and compact high-power laser diodes (LDs) will make desktop laser manufacturing (rapid prototyping, sintering, drilling, marking, etc.) a reality soon. Laser processing of materials requires not only high average power, from tens of watts to kilowatts, but also high incident beam intensity or power density, from 103 to 108 W/cm2. Current commercial high-power LDs do emit 108 W/cm2; however, they are microscopic in size, and an individual diode emits ~ 1 W (cw) in a highly divergent (~30 x 10 deg) multimode structure. Gathering high power from a large number of such microscopic incoherent diodes into a small spot of high intensity requires micro-optic component and complex system design. Several difterent design approaches for high-intensity laser-diode systems are presented. Some of these are commercial, others will be soon, and still others will need technological developments. Possible applications and some preliminary results of direct diode-laser sintering and transformation hardening of stainless-steel ribbons are also presented.
Relationships between the effects of superoxide anion and palmitoyl-L-carnitine on the Ca2+-ATPase of vascular smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

Abstract In order to understand interactions between oxidants and non-antioxidants, relationships between the effects of superoxide anion radical (O 2 - ) and palmitoyl- l -carnitine (PLC) on the Ca 2+ -ATPase of vascular smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum were studied. PLC was ineffective in preventing the reduction of ferricytochrome c by O 2 - , suggesting that it has no O 2 - -scavenging properties. PLC exhibited a biphasic effect on Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, causing stimulation at low concentrations (3-10 μM) and inhibition at higher concentrations (30-1000 μM). The stimulatory effect on Ca 2+ -ATPase caused by 10 μM PLC was completely counteracted by O 2 - , whereas the stimulatory effect of l -cysteine (2 mM) was only diminished partially. Additive effects of PLC and l -cysteine attenuated the inhibitory effect of O 2 - , however, this appears to be due to l -cysteine alone. These results demonstrate that O 2 - can inhibit stimulatory effects of PLC on the Ca 2+ -ATPase, however, PLC does not block the inhibitory effect of O 2 - . Understanding interactions between oxidants/antioxidants and non-antioxidants at their cellular target proteins may provide essential information in the search for prevention of free radical injury.
Diffusion-weighted imaging in epilepsy

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can be used to probe the microenvironment of water. Contrast in DWI depends on properties different from traditional T1 and T2 contrast, and is derived form the translational motion of water molecules. Since it is reasonable to think that a change in the microenvironment of water might be reflected in a change in water diffusion characteristics, the quantitative assessment of the (apparent) diffusion coefficient ADCw may represent a unique means of assessing tissue status. DWI has already shown great utility in the study of cerebral ischemia in animal models and has proved useful in the early identification of cerebral ischemia in patients. More recent reports have indicated a potential for DWI in studying epilepsy. Here, we briefly review some of what is known about the measurement of ADCw in ischemia and compare these results with what has recently been reported for epilepsy. In this manner we hope to better understand the underlying mechanisms behind changes in water diffusion associated with specific pathologies.
Effect of EDTA on the bioavailability to rats of fortification iron used in Egyptian balady bread.

The effectiveness of EDTA compounds on iron fortificants for potential use in Egyptian balady bread was tested in sixty SpragueDawley weanling male rats by the haemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) method. To confirm HRE-derived findings, eight groups of ten animals were repleted with a modified American Institute of Nutrition (1977; AIN) 76A diet, fortified with ferric phosphate, electrolytic Fe, carbonyl Fe or ferrous sulphate, with and without ascorbic acid. Results without ascorbic acid were comparable to findings of a human study by Forbes et al. (1989). Bioavailability of EDTA-enhanced fortificants, FeSO4 + Na2EDTA and NaFe(III)EDTA, was compared with that of FeSO4 in six groups of ten animals repleted with a ground Egyptian bread meal or a casein-based AIN diet fortified with one of the three compounds. Addition of either EDTA compound significantly increased bioavailability of Fe in Egyptian balady bread. When present in the less inhibitory casein meal, however, FeSO4 + Na2EDTA fortification was significantly less effective than NaFe(1II)EDTA or the reference FeSO4. Results indicate that NaFe(I1I)EDTA may be the fortificant of choice in a mixed diet. Further study of EDTA- enhanced Fe fortificants is needed.
Perforation of peptic ulcers related to fiberoptic endoscopy.

Three cases of perforation of peptic ulcers related to either fiberoptic endoscopy or esophageal dilation are presented. A correct preoperative diagnosis can be made by recognising the onset of acute abdominal symptoms and signs after an uneventful fiberoptic examination or dilation of stricture in patients with preexisting ulcer symptoms. The complication is especially likely to occur in peptic ulcer disease coexisting with esophageal stricture, possibly due to air trapping in the stomach.
Management of Ovarian Cancer in Patients Older Than 80 Years of Age

Abstract Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the treatment, associated morbidity, and survival in very elderly patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients 80 years of age and older treated for epithelial ovarian cancer by the Gynecologic Oncology faculty at the University of California Irvine was performed. Results. Eighteen patients were older than 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Median age was 83 years (range 80–86 years). There were 2 stage I, 10 stage IIIC, 4 stage VI, and 2 unstaged patients. One patient had a tumor of low malignant potential, 4 patients had grade II tumors, and 10 patients had tumors that were grade III. Eighty-three percent of patients had one or more preexisting medical illnesses. Cardiac disease, stroke, and hypertension were most common. Sixteen of 18 patients (88%) underwent primary debulking surgery. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification was as follows: 7/16 (44%) class II, 6/16 (38%) class III, and 2/16 (13%) class IV. The procedures performed included 16 bilateral salpingo-oophorectomies, 11 total abdominal hysterectomies, 16 omentectomies, 3 lymph node dissections, and 7 bowel resections. Four (25%) patients were optimally cytoreduced to Conclusions. In patients older than 80 years of age who undergo debulking surgery for ovarian cancer, serious medical comorbidity and advanced ASA status are common. Despite aggressive surgical effort and frequent blood transfusions, optimal debulking to less than 1 cm is achieved in only 25% of patients. Impressive morbidity and mortality occurs in this group of patients, but most patients are discharged to home and are able to receive postoperative chemotherapy.
Electronic and Structural Properties of Turbostratic Epitaxial Graphene on the 6H-SiC (000-1) Surface

We propose an atomistic model to study the interface properties of mis-oriented (turbostratic) epitaxial graphene on SiC (000-1) surface. Using calculations from first principles, we compare the energetics, and structural/electronic properties of AB and turbostratic stacking sequences within a model based on the Si adatom surface reconstruction. Our calculations show that the systems with AB and turbostratic sequences are very close in energy, demonstrating the possibility of the observation of Moire patterns in epitaxial graphene on the C-face of SiC. The two-dimensional electron gas behavior is preserved in the epitaxial turbostratic graphene systems. However, there are deviations from the ideal turbostratic epitaxial graphene.
Commuting distances in a household location choice model with amenities

Abstract Observed commuting distances generally exceed those predicted by standard models of household location choice. This paper develops a model with locational amenities and two job centers. It is shown that differences in household preferences for amenities can lead to various types of residential location patterns, some of which result in higher average commuting distances in the city.
Coastline Direction, Interannual Flow, and the Strong El Niño Currents along Australia's Nearly Zonal Southern Coast

Abstract The western equatorial Pacific Ocean El Nino signal leaks through the gappy western equatorial Pacific Ocean boundary to the western and southern coasts of Australia. Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon sea level data and coastal tide gauge measurements show that off the northwest coast the low-frequency signal propagates westward as large-scale Rossby waves. However, along the nearly zonal southern coast, particle displacements are nearly zonal near the coast and experience no planetary vorticity change. As a consequence, the Rossby wave mechanism fails, and theory suggests that the signal should decay from the shelf edge with baroclinic Rossby radius-of-deformation scale. High-resolution along-track TOPEX/Poseidon sea level heights show that the interannual height signal does decay rapidly seaward of the shelf edge with this scale. The sharp fall in sea level and geostrophic balance imply strong (∼10 cm s−1) low-frequency currents seaward of the shelf edge. On the shelf, interannual fl...
Interactions of phenolic acids, metallic ions and chelating agents on auxin-induced growth.

By growth experiments in indoleacetic acid-1-(14)C (IAA), and determination of the (14)CO(2) evolved, it has been shown directly that polyphenols synergize IAA-induced growth by counteracting IAA decarboxylation. Sinapic and ferulic acids act like polyphenols. Endogenous polyphenols doubtless exert the same influence in intact plants. Monophenols stimulate the decarboxylation of IAA under conditions where they depress growth. When Mn(++) is present as well, this effect is enhanced. All these growth effects are paralleled by effects on the isolated IAA oxidizing enzyme of Avena.EDTA acts like the polyphenols in depressing the decarboxylation of IAA, and not synergizing with the growth induced by naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-D. However, since EDTA synergizes with IAA for growth even at optimal IAA concentrations, its growth promotion probably involves an additional effect.DIECA inhibits powerfully the destruction of IAA, but without causing much growth promotion, apparently because its decomposition products inhibit respiration.Mn(++) alone stimulates the decarboxylation of IAA, i.e. this ion promotes the IAA oxidase in vivo as it does in vitro. Nevertheless, it does not inhibit elongation, but at relatively high concentrations even stimulates it, both at low and high IAA levels. Since Mn(++) also promotes the growth induced by NAA and 2,4-D, its growth action cannot rest primarily on modifying the metabolism of the auxins.Cobalt somewhat decreases the decarboxylation of IAA, but this cannot explain its growth promotion, since Co(++), like Mn(++), stimulates elongation even at optimal IAA concentrations, and acts with NAA just as well as with IAA. Ferrous ion, on the other hand, acts like the polyphenols.Floating pea stem sections exude enough organic matter to support bacteria which after 7 hours cause considerable decarboxylation of IAA. Avena coleoptile sections have a comparable though smaller effect after 12 hours.The present experiments, with those of others, point to a major role for polyphenolase in controlling hormone balance, since the introduction into a phenolic molecule of a second, adjacent hydroxyl group changes the action from auxin-destroying to auxin-preserving. Thus the phenol oxidizing enzymes must act as general growth controllers.
Unskilled urban migrant women and disguised employment: Home-working women in Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract Formal and informal labor market opportunities for women are examined for Turkey. Data collected from three surveys are used to describe types of home work and hourly wages are imputed for home work to compare with formal sector wages. The number of migrant women who take home work in the city of Istanbul is estimated.
Coping with HIV treatment side effects: conceptualization, measurement, and linkages.

Side effects from HIV treatments impact quality of life (QOL) and adherence to care, and influence decisions about health care. The purposes of this study are to describe the development of a measure of coping with HIV treatment side effects, the SECope, and to provide support for the reliability and validity of the measure. Based in Stress and Coping Theory, the 20-item measure assesses strategies for coping with HIV treatment side effects, and includes scales of Positive Emotion Focused Coping, Social Support Seeking, Nonadherence, Information Seeking, and Taking Side Effect Medications. The factor structure was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with two samples of HIV+ individuals on treatment (Ns = 173 and 233). The SECope has demonstrated reliability (internal consistency and test–retest), and its validity is supported through construct and criterion-referenced analyses. Nonadherence as a strategy for coping with side effects was associated with poorer provider relations, lower treatment knowledge, and higher beliefs of treatment effectiveness. Findings have the potential to inform investigations and interventions in the context of treatment of HIV disease and other medical conditions.
The effect of endotoxin on circulating lymphocytes in normal man.

Summary. The effect of endotoxin administration on peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in normal man. A partially purified bacterial endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was given intravenously to 10 healthy volunteers. Endotoxin administration resulted in a substantial lymphocytopenia with reduction of both thymus-dependent T and bone marrow-derived B lymphocytes. Absolute numbers of circulating B lymphocytes decreased to a greater extent than T lymphocytes. T-lymphocyte functional characteristics, including mitogenic response to phyto-haernagglutinin and responder cell activity in mixed lymphocyte culture, were unaffected by endotoxin administration. Response to concanavalin A was consistently reduced. Stimulation of allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture, a function of B lymphocytes and monocytes, was also decreased. When endotoxin was used as an in vitro mitogen, a significant increase in DNA synthesis was observed only in lymphocytes from individuals previously given endotoxin and not in normal control lymphocytes. These studies indicate that experimental endotoxaemia is associated with a reduction in absolute numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes, a decrease in B-lymphocyte bur not T-lymphocyte functional activity, and redistribution of a concanavalin A-responsive subpopulation of T lymphocytes. The data suggest that endotoxin has important effects on lymphocyte distribution and function in man.
Occurrence of neural tube defects among first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of probands: Results of a United States study

Data on the occurrence of neural tube defects in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of probands were collected in a United States study. The proportions of affected individuals were 3.2%, 0.5%, and 0.17% respectively. These findings are compared to those from other recent North American studies, and differences are discussed. It is pointed out that accurate recurrence risk figures may not be available, and that caution should be used when counseling families with relatives who are affected with NTD.
Characterization of the in-situ non-linear shear response of laminated fiber-reinforced composites

Abstract A simple procedure to determine the non-linear in-plane lamina shear response of laminated composites is presented. Using the ±45° symmetric laminate tensile test results, in conjunction with computational micromechanics, a method was developed and validated to characterize the lamina shear response and the in-situ matrix shear response. Load, and axial and transverse strains measured in the tests were used to calculate the non-linear shear stress–shear strain response of the composite. From this result, the in-situ matrix equivalent stress–strain response was obtained, with some simplifying assumptions, and subsequently used in a micromechanics-based representative finite element (FE) model of the ±45° symmetric laminate tensile test to determine the accuracy of the non-linear response of the in-situ matrix. Results from the FE model of a representative cell (RC) that depicts fiber diameter, fiber volume fraction ( V f ) and angled fiber packing of the ±45° symmetric laminate were found to match the tests result well. Thus, the procedure to extract the non-linear lamina shear response and the non-linear in-situ matrix response from the ±45° symmetric laminate tensile test was validated.
Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-II and IGF-binding protein 3 in cervical cancer

Abstract Objective We aimed to further document that elevated levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) are associated with cervical cancer and to test the hypothesis that there may be an inverse association between IGF-II and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3). Method Serum IGF-II and IGF-BP3 levels were measured, using ELISA kits (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories), in 23 controls; 16 ASC-US with normal biopsies; 14 ASC-US with advanced CIN; 2 pretherapy CIN-I; 8 successfully treated CIN-I; 24 persistent CIN I; 14 pretherapy CIN II/III; 10 posttherapy CIN II/III with normal biopsies; 18 persistent CIN-II/III; 7 with pretherapy cervical cancer; 19 with posttherapy cervical cancer under remission; 15 with posttherapy persistent/recurrent cervical cancer; 10 with persistent ovarian or endometrial cancer; and 3 with endometrial or vulvar with cervical cancer. Student's t test and linear regression analysis were used. Results Compared to controls (493 ± 90 ng/ml) and women with other gynecological cancers, serum IGF-II levels were significantly increased in women with ASC-US, with advanced CIN on biopsy ( P P P P P P P P P Conclusion Serum IGF-II may be a reliable marker for early diagnosis and monitoring therapy efficacy (sensitivity and specificity of 100% versus normal controls), while IGF-BP3 levels can be reliably used to predict prognosis.
Cobaloxime template reactions I. The formation of N-nitrosamines

Abstract The synthesis of a potent carcinogen, N -nitroso- N -methylaniline, employing a bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobaltate template is described. Carbon bonded N -methyleneaniline adducts of cobaloxime with pyridine, NO - 2 or CN - in the basal (sixth) coordination position of the cobalt atom were prepared and isolated. These cobaloxime methyleneaniline adducts were found to readily undergo nitrosation when treated with nitrous acid. The resulting N -nitrosamine adducts were characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Interesting trans effects of the basal substituents are noted. Final template reaction products were identified by thermal degradation and chemical cleavage with Cr 2+ .