cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In situ forces of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in high knee flexion: An in vitro investigation

The function of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) in the first 120 degrees of flexion has been reported extensively, but little is known of their behavior at higher flexion angles. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of muscle loads on the in situ forces in both ligaments at high knee flexion (>120 degrees). Eighteen fresh-frozen human knee specimens were tested on a robotic testing system from full extension to 150 degrees of flexion in response to quadriceps (400 N), hamstrings (200 N), and combined quadriceps and hamstrings (400 N/200 N) loads. The in situ forces in the ACL and PCL were measured using the principle of superposition. The force in the ACL peaked at 30 degrees of flexion (71.7 +/- 27.9 N in response to the quadriceps load, 52.3 +/- 24.4 N in response to the combined muscle load, 32.3 +/- 20.9 N in response to the hamstrings load). At 150 degrees, the ACL force was approximately 30 N in response to the quadriceps load and 20 N in response to the combined muscle load and isolated hamstring load. The PCL force peaked at 90 degrees (34.0 +/- 15.3 N in response to the quadriceps load, 88.6 +/- 23.7 N in response to the combined muscle load, 99.8 +/- 24.0 N in response to the hamstrings load) and decreased to around 35 N at 150 degrees in response to each of the loads. These results demonstrate that the ACL and PCL carried significantly less load at high flexion in response to the simulated muscle loads compared to the peak loads they carried in response to the same muscle loads at other flexion angles. The data could provide a reference point for the investigation of non-weight bearing flexion and extension knee exercises in high flexion. Furthermore, these data could be useful in designing total knee implants to achieve high flexion.
Carbon factors and models for forest carbon estimates for the 2005-2011 National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the United States

Abstract Most nations have ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and are mandated to report National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, including the land use, land use change and forestry sector when it is significant. Participating countries commonly use data from national forest inventories as a basis for their forest-related emissions estimates. The estimates are required to be consistent, comparable among parties, transparent, and well-documented. To help meet these requirements, we describe the data and methods used to calculate the forest carbon component of the United States’ greenhouse gas emissions and sinks which we provided to the US Environmental Protection Agency to be compiled for the submission years 2005–2011. Past forest inventories were not designed to measure or take samples of data directly related to quantifying ecosystem carbon stocks necessary for greenhouse gas reporting. This study provides information used to bridge that gap and enable harmonized reporting. Specifically, we provide the forest inventory plot-data-to-carbon-stock conversion factors and associated uncertainty bounds in use for the reporting years prior to the availability of more directly measured or sampled carbon stocks. The factors are similar to default values supplied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and current scientific literature. Overall, this approach indicates that forest ecosystems of the United States sequester approximately 170 Tg of carbon per year, which represents a net annual increase of half a percent of forest carbon stocks.
Determination of fenbufen and its metabolites in serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction and on-line post-column ultraviolet irradiation and fluorescence detection

An improved analytical method for the detection and quantification of fenbufen and its two major metabolites is described. The assay consists of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and post-column irradiation with ultraviolet light and fluorescence detection. A highly selective chromatography separation was established on a cyanoprophyl column at ambient temperature with a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min. The analytes of interest were isolated from serum using a Bond-Elut C18 column with high recovery and selectivity. The fluorescence response of all three analytes upon UV irradiation was investigated. The post-column UV irradiation was optimized and the effect of irradiation time on the fluorescence response was determined for all three analytes. The detection limits were 10 ng/ml for each analyte using 1 ml of serum. Linear calibration curves from 50 to 375 ng/ml for all three analytes show coefficients of determination of 0.99. Precision and accuracy of the method were within 3.9–6.5 and 5.1–7.4% for fenbufen, 3.5–6.4 and 4.9–6.3% for metabolite II (expressed as lactone III) and 5.4–7.4 and 2.6–7.4% for metabolite IV, respectively.
A new statistic for steady-state evoked potentials

Steady-state evoked potentials are often characterized by the amplitude and phase of the Fourier component at one or more frequencies of interest. We introduce a new statistic for the evaluation of these Fourier components. This statistic, denoted T2circ, is based on the same physiologic assumptions concerning the sources of variability of a Fourier component that are made in the use of the Rayleigh phase-coherence statistic as well as the standard T2 statistic (Hotelling 1931) for multivariate data. However, the T2circ statistic also exploits the relationship between the real and imaginary components of Fourier estimates, which is not exploited by T2, and utilizes amplitude information, which is ignored by the Rayleigh criterion. For these reasons, the T2circ statistic is more efficient than previously used criteria for detection and quantitation of steady-state responses, both in principle and in practice.
The Good, The Bad and the Ugly: A Meta-analytic Review of Positive and Negative Effects of Violent Video Games

Objective Video game violence has become a highly politicized issue for scientists and the general public. There is continuing concern that playing violent video games may increase the risk of aggression in players. Less often discussed is the possibility that playing violent video games may promote certain positive developments, particularly related to visuospatial cognition. The objective of the current article was to conduct a meta-analytic review of studies that examine the impact of violent video games on both aggressive behavior and visuospatial cognition in order to understand the full impact of such games. Methods A detailed literature search was used to identify peer-reviewed articles addressing violent video game effects. Effect sizes r (a common measure of effect size based on the correlational coefficient) were calculated for all included studies. Effect sizes were adjusted for observed publication bias. Results Results indicated that publication bias was a problem for studies of both aggressive behavior and visuospatial cognition. Once corrected for publication bias, studies of video game violence provided no support for the hypothesis that violent video game playing is associated with higher aggression. However playing violent video games remained related to higher visuospatial cognition (r x = 0.36). Conclusions Results from the current analysis did not support the conclusion that violent video game playing leads to aggressive behavior. However, violent video game playing was associated with higher visuospatial cognition. It may be advisable to reframe the violent video game debate in reference to potential costs and benefits of this medium.
Nde1-mediated inhibition of ciliogenesis affects cell cycle re-entry

Ciliogenesis starts as cells enter quiescence and primary cilium resorption precedes mitosis. The centrosomal protein Nde1 is shown to regulate cilia length during the cell cycle. Loss of Nde1 in zebrafish leads to developmental patterning defects reflecting impaired control of cilium formation.
AsH3 ultraviolet photochemistry.

High-n Rydberg time-of-flight spectroscopy has been used to study the 193.3 nm photolysis of AsH3. The center-of-mass translational energy distribution for the 1-photon process, AsH3 + hν → AsH2 + ...
Randomized, double-masked comparison of oxytocin dosage in induction and augmentation of labor

Objective: To test the hypothesis that high-dose oxytocin, when used in a masked fashion, would result in shorter labors and less need for cesarean delivery. Methods: We conducted randomized, double-masked trials of high-dose compared with low-dose oxytocin for augmentation and induction of labor. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oxytocin by either a low-dose protocol (1.5 mU/minute initially, increased by 1.5 mU/minute every 30 minutes) or a high-dose protocol (4.5 mU/minute initially, increased by 4.5 mU/minute every 30 minutes). Oxytocin solutions were prepared by a central pharmacy and infusion volumes (mL/hour) were identical, thus ensuring double masking. Results: A total of 1307 patients were randomized (induction, 816; augmentation, 491). In the group receiving oxytocin for induction, high-dose oxytocin was associated with a significant shortening of labor (oxytocin to complete dilatation: 9.7 ± 0.3 compared with 7.8 ± 0.2 hours, P < .001; oxytocin to delivery: 10.5 ± 0.3 compared with 8.5 ± 0.3 hours, P < .001). The cesarean delivery rate with low-dose oxytocin was 15.0%, compared with 11.3% with high-dose oxytocin (P = .17). For nulliparous women undergoing induction, cesarean delivery rates were as follows: Total 17.3% (low dose) compared with 11.7% (high dose), P = .15; cephalopelvic disproportion 11.9% (low dose) compared with 5.9% (high dose), P = .06. When used for augmentation, high-dose oxytocin again was associated with a significant shortening of labor without a significant difference in cesarean birth rates. No differences in neonatal outcomes were noted between the groups for either augmentation or induction. Conclusion: When used in a double-masked fashion, highdose oxytocin is associated with significantly shorter labors without any demonstrable adverse fetal or neonatal effects.
Turbulence measurements for a longitudinal vortex interacting with a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer

The longitudinal vortex is embedded in a pressure-driven boundary layer. The distributed longitudinal vorticity or the three-dimensional boundary layer has a major effect on the mean flow development. The turbulence development is very sensitive to the sign of the vortex
The ring imaging detector for CLEO III The CLEO III Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector

The CLEO detector is undergoing major improvements in conjunction with a high luminosity upgrade of the CESR e+e− collider. A novel element is a state of the art particle identification system, based on a proximity focused Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector. This detector will provide an excellent hadron identification at all the momenta relevant to the study of the decays of B mesons produced at the ϒ(4S) resonance. Some features unique to our design will be discussed together with some results achieved on individual components.
Images From Astronomical Speckle Data: Weighted Shift-And-Add Analysis

We have applied a variant of the shift-and-add algorithm originally developed by Lynds, Worden, and Harvey [Astrophys. J. 207, 174 (1976)] to astronomical speckle interferometric data. A set of impulses corresponding in locations and magnitudes to the local maxima in each specklegram is generated and used to obtain an average speckle by means of a Wiener-type filter deconvolution procedure. This technique yields diffraction-limited images that appear to be self-calibrating for seeing effects. Realistic point spread functions have been obtained for a number of telescopes at different wavelengths, and results are also presented for the resolved red supergiant Alpha Orionis. The limiting signal-to-noise ratio of the technique as indicated by the results presented here suggests a dynamic range of =6 stellar magnitudes, with no evidence of residual seeing effects. A matched filter technique is demonstrated for use in locating the speckles of complicated objects or for objects dominated by photon noise.
A diagonally dominant second-order accurate implicit scheme

Abstract An unconditionally stable second order accurate, implicit, finite difference method is described. The coefficient matrix is tridiagonal and always diagonally dominant. As an illustrative example it used to solve Burgers' equation.
Wet Chemical Method for Determining Levels of Ammonia in Syngas from a Biomass Gasifier

A wet chemical sampling method using acidic absorbing solutions was used to determine levels of ammonia (NH3) in syngas from a biomass gasifier. Before syngas is bubbled into the absorbing solutions, a quartz thimble filter is used to filter ash from the gas stream at 450 °C followed by heavy tar removal at about 100 °C. When gasifying corn, good precision was observed for multiple samples collected on any given day of testing. Tests on producer gas obtained from gasification of switchgrass revealed important conditions for successfully sampling NH3. During gasification of switchgrass, high solids loading in the syngas caused the primary cyclone at the gasifier exit to plug, resulting in abnormally high ash loading in the thimble filter in the sampling system. While gasifying the switchgrass, the NH3 levels showed a continuous decline throughout the day. It is suspected that NH3 reacts with the ash in the thimble filter, confounding attempts to accurately measure NH3 in the syngas.
Finite Element Analysis of Moisture Diffusion in Stored Foods

A Finite Element model was used to predict the average moisture content of foods represented by axisymmetric shapes. The model was found to adequately predict the moisture content for the majority of the foods represented by cereal, dairy, fruit, vegetable, meat and semi-moist bakery food groups. For two foods, flour desorbing to 0.11 aw and turnips adsorbing to 0.75 aw, the predictions lmproved when variable diffusivity was used as contrasted with constant diffusivity. The Finite Element model was tested for different foods with different size, shape and diffusion potential.
The vectorcardiogram and electrocardiogram in supravalvular aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta

Abstract VCG's were analyzed in 8 cases of isolated supravalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) and 21 patients with aortic coarctation. Seven of 8 patients with SAS and 10 with coarctation had a characteristic transverse plane QRS loop in which the maximum vector was directed rightward and posteriorly. It is postulated that in the absence of demonstrable right-sided lesions, this VCG pattern may, in some instances, reflect hypertrophy of the posterobasal portion of the left ventricle or a manifestation of left posterior hemiblock. An electro-vectorcardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy may be erroneously made in these patients.
Self‐jamming behavior: Joint interoperability, root causes, and thoughts on solutions

Interoperability is defined as “the ability of systems . . . to provide services to and accept services from other systems . . . and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.” As the complexity of our warfighting systems continues to grow, the importance of interoperability between and among the services, especially at the joint force level, has increased. In situations in which joint interoperability is poor, the synthesis of complex information must be accomplished in the minds of the decision makers themselves. This phenomenon can be described as “self‐jamming behavior.” Although residual obstacles to solutions always will remain, the effectiveness of our military forces for the remainder of this new century depends directly on the success of the joint team in overcoming obstacles to interoperability—and eliminating all self‐jamming behavior.
Is the control of fat ingestion sexually differentiated

Sexual differentiation is a fundamental aspect of human physiology [Wizemann TM, Pardue M-L, editors. Exploring the biological contributions to human health: does sex matter? Washington DC, National Academy Press, 2001]. Therefore, this review considers whether the physiological control of eating, as related to dietary fat, is sexually differentiated. The effects of dietary fat are considered from the perspective of stimuli controlling eating that arise from oral, gastric, intestinal, hepatic, and adipose sites. The data reviewed provide substantial support for hypothesis that many such controls of fat ingestion are sexually differentiated in both humans and laboratory animals. Because as yet little is established definitively, however, the apparently most promising questions and methodologies for future work are emphasized.
Are Pheromones Detected Through the Main Olfactory Epithelium

A major sensory organ for the detection of pheromones by animals is the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Although pheromones control the behaviors of various species, the effect of pheromones on human behavior has been controversial because the VNO is not functional in adults. However, recent genetic, biochemical, and electrophysiological data suggest that some pheromone-based behaviors, including male sexual behavior in mice, are mediated through the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and are coupled to the type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) and a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channel. These recent discoveries suggest the provocative hypothesis that human pheromones may signal through the MOE.
Creative Violence: How Marginal People Make News in Bolivia

Este articulo considera las maneras en que los bolivianos marginalizados e indigenas utilizan la violencia del linchamiento como tactica de auto-representacion en el dominio publico de los medios de comunicacion. En un contexto de exclusion social, ademas caracterizado por un miedo profundo frente el crimen, algunos grupos de vecinos urbanos manifiestan esta violencia para ganar publicidad por sus condiciones de vivencia; para escaramentar a los ladrones, cosa que no regresen a sus comunidades; y para comunicarse con las autoridades para obtener ayuda en su lucha contra la delincuencia. Actores claves en este escenario son los medios de comunicacion escrito y oral, que tipicamente ignoran a los problemas de los "barrios marginales," pero que en los anos recientes han hecho muchos y muy agresivos reportajes al fenomeno de los linchamientos. Los linchadores explotan creativamente esta cobertura para adelantar su propia agenda, utilizando la violencia para publicar sus problemas locales y para dramatizar su vulnerabilidad dentro de la imaginacion publica.
GERIATRIC PAIN MANAGEMENT : The Anesthesiologist's Perspective

When we were doing our Anesthesiology residencies, the pediatric anesthesiologists constantly emphasized that "kids are not just small adults." So too, geriatric patients are not just "old adults." There are differences in physiology and subsequent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that affect many aspects of managing geriatric pain. The definition of a geriatric patient is a constantly changing concept. What was old 50 years ago might be considered middle age today. If you subscribe to the somewhat arbitrary cutoff that geriatrics begins at 65 years of age, then this population constitutes approximately 12% of the overall population of the United States in the 1990s compared with 4% in 1900. By the year 2030, people over 65 years old are projected to make up approximately 17% of the population. 91 With ever improving medical and nutritional conditioning for people of all ages, a more important concept is physiologic age as opposed to chronologic age. Rowe and Kahn coined the terms successful aging and usual aging to correlate the process of advancement in age to a physiologic reference point. Successful aging occurs with minimal physiologic deterioration. 122
Proximate sensing: Inferring what-is-where from georeferenced photo collections

The primary and novel contribution of this work is the conjecture that large collections of georeferenced photo collections can be used to derive maps of what-is-where on the surface of the earth. We investigate the application of what we term “proximate sensing” to the problem of land cover classification for a large geographic region. We show that our approach is able to achieve almost 75% classification accuracy in a binary land cover labelling problem using images from a photo sharing site in a completely automated fashion. We also investigate 1) how existing geographic knowledge can be used to provide labelled training data in a weakly-supervised manner; 2) the effect of the photographer's intent when he or she captures the photograph; and 3) a method for filtering out non-informative images.
Computer analysis of resistance—time temperature—time thermograms

Abstract Two computer programs, one for the calibration experiment and the second for the reaction experiment of an isoperibol solution calorimeter have been written. The programs, written in the Fortran IV, level G language, analyze the thermograms using ( a ) a straight line approximation between the main period experimental data points, and ( b ) Dickinson's method to establish corrected temperature or resistance changes. Computer calculated values of corrected resistance changes (Δ R cor ) agree within 0.5% with the values obtained using the graphical methods of Regnault—Pfaundler and Dickinson. A program to calculate Δ H per mole has also been written.
Dipole Moment of some Organic Halides

IN a note published in NATURE (Mar. 16, 1929), Prof. P. N. Ghosh pointed out from the results of Mahanti and Das Gupta (Ind. Jour. Phys., 3, 467; 1929) that the OH-radical is mainly responsible for producing the dipole moment in the case of the saturated normal alcohols, whether the carbon chain is open or closed, long or short. Recently (in a paper communicated to Phys. Zeit.) Mahanti has shown that the dipole moment is sensibly constant for a homologous series and its magnitude depends on the nature of the polar group, radical, or atom in the corresponding homologues. According to his view, all the alkyl chlorides should have a dipole moment of the order of 2 × 10−18 e.s.u. and the bromides of the order of 1.79 × 10−18 e.s.u. I have determined the dipole moments of a few organic halides by a heterodyne method and they agree well with the views and results of Mahanti. They are:
Explaining the Weddell Polynya--a Large Ocean Eddy Shed at Maud Rise

Satellite observations have shown the occasional occurrence of a large opening in the sea-ice cover of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, a phenomenon known as the Weddell Polynya. The transient appearance, position, size, and shape of the polynya is explained here by a mechanism by which modest variations in the large-scale oceanic flow past the Maud Rise seamount cause a horizontal cyclonic eddy to be shed from its northeast flank. The shed eddy transmits a divergent Ekman stress into the sea ice, leading to a crescent-shaped opening in the pack. Atmospheric thermodynamical interaction further enhances the opening by inducing oceanic convection. A sea-ice-ocean computer model simulation vividly demonstrates how this mechanism fully accounts for the characteristics that mark Weddell Polynya events.
Acute renal failure associated with albendazole therapy in a patient with trichinosis

A 72-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 3-week history of confusion, cramping abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue and dehydration. By history, she reported consumption of raw pork and bacon that was salted and cured in brine, but not boiled or cooked. Laboratory testing was significant for an absolute eosinophil count of 3.09×109/L. She was found to have a positive Trichinella serology by ELISA testing. Based on history of raw pork consumption, symptoms, peripheral eosinophilia and positive serology, a diagnosis of trichinosis was made. Treatment was started with oral albendazole. Following initiation of therapy, the patient developed acute kidney injury presumably secondary to albendazole. Therapy was discontinued. Her serum creatinine returned to baseline over the following days. The decision was made to proceed with observation alone, as she did not tolerate treatment. At the 3-week follow-up, her gastrointestinal symptoms had improved and her eosinophilia had resolved.
Mantle melting as a function of water content beneath back-arc basins

Subduction zone magmas are characterized by high concentrations of H_(2)O, presumably derived from the subducted plate and ultimately responsible for melting at this tectonic setting. Previous studies of the role of water during mantle melting beneath back-arc basins found positive correlations between the H_(2)O concentration of the mantle (H_(2)O_o ) and the extent of melting (F), in contrast to the negative correlations observed at mid-ocean ridges. Here we examine data compiled from six back-arc basins and three mid-ocean ridge regions. We use TiO_2 as a proxy for F, then use F to calculate H_(2)O_o from measured H_(2)O concentrations of submarine basalts. Back-arc basins record up to 0.5 wt % H_(2)O or more in their mantle sources and define positive, approximately linear correlations between H_(2)O_o and F that vary regionally in slope and intercept. Ridge-like mantle potential temperatures at back-arc basins, constrained from Na-Fe systematics (1350°–1500°C), correlate with variations in axial depth and wet melt productivity (∼30–80% F/wt % H_(2)O_o ). Water concentrations in back-arc mantle sources increase toward the trench, and back-arc spreading segments with the highest mean H_(2)O_o are at anomalously shallow water depths, consistent with increases in crustal thickness and total melt production resulting from high H_(2)O. These results contrast with those from ridges, which record low H_(2)O_o (<0.05 wt %) and broadly negative correlations between H_(2)O_o and F that result from purely passive melting and efficient melt focusing, where water and melt distribution are governed by the solid flow field. Back-arc basin spreading combines ridge-like adiabatic melting with nonadiabatic mantle melting paths that may be independent of the solid flow field and derive from the H_(2)O supply from the subducting plate. These factors combine significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the integrated influence of water on melting phenomena in back-arc basin and mid-ocean ridge settings.
Modeling the time course of attention signals in human primary visual cortex

Previous neuroimaging studies have documented the existence of attention signals in human visual cortex, but little is known about the time course of these signals. A recent study reported persistent activity in early visual cortex whose duration was correlated with the duration of sustained attention 1 . The present study extends these findings by modeling the time course of sustained attention signals with a linear function with duration equal to the period of sustained attention but with variable amplitude and slope. Subjects performed a visual detection task in which a variable-duration delay period occurred before every target presentation. This design required the subjects to allocate visuospatial attention throughout the delay period. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to record activity in primary visual cortex (cortical area V1) during performance of the task. There were significant individual differences in the time course of attention signals, with some subjects displaying time courses consistent with constant amplitude attention signals, while others showed decreasing amplitude of attention-related activity during the delay period. These individual differences in time course of attention signals were correlated with behavioral response bias, suggesting that they may reflect differences in the types of attention used by the subjects to perform the detection task. In particular, those subjects who had constant amplitude sustained attention signals may have been employing relatively more endogenous, or top-down attention, while the subjects who exhibited attention signals that decreased over time may have been using relatively more exogenous, or bottom-up attention.
A Chemical Reporter Strategy to Probe Glycoprotein Fucosylation

Fucosylated glycoproteins are involved in many cell-cell recognition events and are markers of embryonic and malignant tissue. Here we report a method for rapid profiling of fucosylated glycoproteins from human cells using 6-azido fucose as a metabolic label.
Physical sciences: origin of the ultra-short period binary WZ Sagittae.

THE recent discovery of several binaries with periods in the range of a few hours has raised the problem of their past evolution. Three eclipsing binaries are in that group: the old nova WZ Sge, EX Hya and VV Pup. I shall confine myself to the case of WZ Sge, for which the largest amount of data is available. Krzeminski and Kraft1 have shown that the system is composed of a DA white dwarf, for which they estimate a mass M = 0.59 M⊙, and a secondary of mass m = 0.03 M⊙. The radii are R≃0.87 × 109 cm and r≃7 × 109 cm, and the separation a = 3.7 × 1010 cm.
Evaluation of a pulsed EIMAC source for atomic-fluorescence spectrometry

An EIMAC xenon arc continuum source operated in the pulsed mode has been evaluated for potential use as a source of excitation in atomic-fluorescence spectrometry. The results were compared with those obtained with a similar lamp operated in the continuous-wave mode; little or no improvement was evident from this comparison. The lamp was found to be unstable in the pulsed mode, requiring the use of a rather large residual d.c. current in conjunction with a relatively low amplitude power-pulse in order to sustain the arc. Moreover, the pulsed source yielded a large background signal because of scattering of source-radiation in the flame; the background spectrum (with source "on") contained numerous large peaks due to fluorescence of molecular species in the flame and to irregularities in the spectral distribution of the pulsed lamp output transmitted to the signal detector by scatter.
Heterogeneity of Interpersonal Problems Among Depressed Young Adults: Associations With Substance Abuse and Pathological Personality Traits

This study extended previous theory and research on interpersonal heterogeneity in depression by identifying groups of depressed young adults who differ in their type and degree of interpersonal problems, and by examining patterns of pathological personality traits and alcohol abuse among these groups. We examined the interpersonal problems, personality traits, and alcohol-related problems of 172 college students with at least moderate levels of self-reported depression on the Patient Health Questionnaire (Spitzer, Kroenke, & Williams, 1999). Scores from the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems–Short Circumplex (Soldz, Budman, Demby, & Merry, 1995) were subjected to latent profile analysis, which classified individuals into 5 distinct groups defined by the types of interpersonal problems they experience (dominant, warm, submissive, cold, and undifferentiated). As hypothesized, groups did not differ in depression severity, but did show predicted patterns of differences on normative and maladaptive personali...
A REFLECTION ON GOULDNER'S CONCEPTIONS OF STATE POWER AND POLITICAL LIBERATION

Although Gouldner's arguments in his study of Stalinism may not be fully adequate — even to explain that complex historical episode, let alone to provide grounding for a full comparative-historical and morally sensitive political sociology — they do, I have maintained, offer a more workable approach to questions of state power and better glimpses into the requisites for responsible, humane politics than the more sweeping “theoretical” pronouncements Gouldner offered on these matters at the end of The Two Marxisms. Aside from gaining clarity about which particular arguments from Gouldner's partially contradictory legacy I, as a political sociologist, will want to rely and build on in the future, I also learn a broadly “methodological” lesson from this juxtaposition of grand theorizing and historical investigation. I alluded to that lesson back at the start of this reflection by invoking Arthur Stinchcombe's argument in Theoretical Methods of Social History that good theory comes from concrete historical analysis rather than from elaborations of general ideas.
Perception of radial distance as a function of magnification and truncation of depicted spatial layout

A 2 X 2 factorial design requiring judgments of interobject distance was utilized which sepa­ rated the effects of magnification per se from the concomitant truncation of the visual field normally effected by optically produced magnification. Only the main effect of magnification was significant, and this was much less than the decreases optically specified by the decreased perspective and texture gradients. It has long been known that when an optic array reflected from a spatial layout is magnified, one ex­ periences some distortion in the perception of the radial distance between objects, the slant and shape of the surfaces of these objects, and the slant of the ground itself. Magnification of an optic array is pro­ duced by uniformly transforming all visual angles in that optic array by a factor greater than 1. When a picture is taken with a normal' lens and viewed from the proper station point for receiving the geometric center of the projection, there is no magnification. The proper station point is perpendicular to the center of the picture plane and at a distance equal to the product of the focal length of the lens utilized in tak­ ing the picture and the ratio of the diagonal of the enlarged projection on the picture plane to the diag­ onal of the slide or photographic film. However, if the picture is viewed from a position closer than the proper station point, the array reflected from the sur­ face of the picture plane will be magnified by a factor equal to the proper viewing distance divided by the closer viewing distance. The effects of magnification produced by this means upon the perception of dis­ tance within the depicted spatial layout has been in­
Allergic contact dermatitis from color film developers: Clinical and histologic features

We evaluated two patients with allergic contact dermatitis that resulted from exposure to color film developers. A lichenoid eruption developed in one patient, whereas an eruption more characteristic of an acute spongiotic dermatitis developed in the second patient. Histologic findings in the first case were those of a "lichenoid dermatitis" but with features distinct from classic lichen planus. The biopsy specimens from the second patient showed a subacute spongiotic process with a bandlike infiltrate suggestive of an evolving lichenoid process. Contact allergy to color developers may result in eruptions similar to lichen planus. This process appears to evolve from an acute spongiotic dermatitis in its early phase to a lichenoid dermatitis in fully developed and more chronic forms. Although the histologic features are those of a "lichenoid" dermatitis, some features, such as the presence of spongiosis, eosinophils, and a less intense inflammatory infiltrate, may enable distinction between lichenoid allergic contact dermatitis and true lichen planus. In addition, clinicopathologic correlation with patch test results should permit accurate diagnosis in most cases.
PLACE INVADERS: CONSTRUCTING THE NOMADIC THREAT IN ENGLAND*

Over the centuries, the image of nomads threatening sedentary ways of life has been a common pejorative representation. In order to understand what geographies underpin narratives about nomads, I e...
1278 THREE CLINICAL PATTERNS OF RDS-PDA IN VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT NEONATES (VLBW)

68 VLBW neonates ( .50, IMV and a positive CXR)were evaluated for a PDA by exam, echocardiography, pulsed doppler and flush aortography. 3 different clinical courses were noted. Group I(19% mean BW 888.7gms) demonstrated early irreversible CR failure and death within 24 hours despite attempts at medical closure of PDA with indomethacin(.2mg/kg po). Group II(62%)had severe RDS and PDA and medical or surgical ligation was performed in all of the neonates when the PDA was documented and deemed clinically significant. Group III(19%)had severe RDS without a documentable PDA. The overall study group survival was 59.9%. Survival in Groups II and III was 67% and 84.7% respectively. A comparison between these groups is listed below: The data show that the presence of RDS with or without PDA in VLBW neonates is associated with prolonged requirements of assisted ventilation and the development of BPD. However, a smaller group of VLBW neonates with severe RDS and PDA, despite early manipulation of the PDA will still succumb in less than 24 hours.
1049 Lymphokine Dependent Macrophage (MØ) Activation in Newborns

The newborn (NB) suffers from severe infection with Tozoplasma gondii. resistance to which is mediated by lymphokine (MAF) induced Mo activation. Killing of Toxoplasma by recombinant interferon r (IFr) treated compared to control adult blood derived Mo (82% v s 20%), adult peritoneal Mo (96% v s 1%), NB blood derived Mo (79% vs 26%) and NB placental Mo (80% vs 11%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased; reoombinant IFα and IFβ were much less active. Supernatants of ConA stimulated adult blood mononuclear cells (MC) also increased anti Tozoplasma activity of these Mo and contained 841 ± 319 units/ml of IFr. In contrast, supernatants of NB cord and peripheral blood MC did not activate these Mo and had 108 ± 36 and 112 + 42 units/ml IF. Interleukins (IL 1 and 2 trigger IFr production by activated T cells. Adult and NB cord and peripheral MC produced 908 ± 157, 1501 ± 280 and 538 ± 170 units/ml IL2 and 822 ± 374, 1601 ± 521 and 1632 ± 785 units/ml of IL1 respectively. Purified IL1 increased IL2 production but not MAF production by NB peripheral MC; recombinant IL2 did not increase IF or MAF production by NB MC. IL2 receptors were detected by monoclonal antibody 2A3 on 67.3 ± 10.5%, 58.0 ± 9.9%, and 61.4 ± 70.0% of stimulated adult, NB cord and NB peripheral T cells. These data suggest that disassociation between IL2 and IFr production results in the failure of NB MC supernatants to activate Mo; this may contribute to the NB's susceptibility to intracel lular pathogens.
Economic potential of recombinant aerobes for producing specialty chemicals

Productivity of aerobic fermentations is often limited by the rate at which cells can aerobically catabolize the carbon source. Oxygen limitations frequently result in generation of growth-limiting metabolites. All approaches thus far have been concentrated on improving oxygen mass transfer rates by mechanical means. In contrast, a recent discovery has shown that insertion of hemoglobin intoE. coli by genetic engineering accelerates cell growth and increases final cell density. Stimulated by this innovation, this study appraised the techno-economic potential for improved fermentations based on recombinant aerobes that grow faster, to considerably greater cell densities, and with higher product concentrations than conventional cells. Possible reductions in fermentation cost for four specialty products based on this genetic approach were determined. It was concluded that, so far as fermentation economics are concerned, research in this area should focus primarily on means for reducing process investment.
Persistence of Parathion in six California soils under laboratory conditions.

Persistence curves obtained for parathion in six California soils are partially dependent on soil type. The possibility that long-term, low-level parathion soil residues can exist is confirmed. Each soil was fortified at 20 ppm, kept in an enameled tray, and maintained at 30°C with a soil moisture level of approximately 40 percent of saturation. The parathion residue in Laveen loamy sand drops rapidly to about 0.2 ppm in 30 days. In Mocho silt loam, Linne clay, and Madera sandy loam, it drops to between one and two ppm in 30 days and gradually decreases to about 0.2 ppm in 130 days. The rapid parathion residue decline is attributed to microbial degradation. In Windy loam, the residue after eight months remains above three ppm. In two experiments differing slightly in soil moisture, the residue in Santa Lucia silt loam is about 1.5 ppm after eight months in one experiment and about 0.5 ppm after six months in the other. The latter two soil types give linear semi-logarithmic persistence curves, suggestive of degradation by hydrolysis. Aminoparathion, above the detectable level of one ppm, is not found in Madera sandy loam after fortification with parathion at 200 ppm. However, a sharp decline of the parathion residue after ten days suggests microbial degradation. Three ppm aminoparathion were recovered after seven days when Madera sandy loam was fortified at 20 ppm with parathion and submerged under water. In contrast, the degradation of parathion remaining in Windy loam (3.2 ppm) and Santa Lucia silt loam (2.2 ppm) 7.7 months after fortification is not greatly accelerated when flooded with water.
Intraperitoneal xenon for the detection of early intestinal ischemia: effect of ascites, adhesions, and misdirected injections

Abstract Significant delay in the washout of intraperitoneal xenon (133Xe) in rats and dogs with decreased splanchnic blood flow (bowel strangulation, superior mesenteric artery and vein occlusion) has been previously demonstrated as the basis for radionucldide imaging to detect early (prenecrotic) intestinal ischemia. In this study, the effect of ascites, adhesions, and misdirected injections on the validity of this technique is evaluated. Xenon-133 (0.6 mCi) in 3 ml saline was injected into the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized rats and the washout of gamma activity monitored externally for 90 min. Gamma camera images were obtained at 30-min intervals. After 60 min, only 12 ± 2% of injected activity remained in the controls. Sham operation (13 ± 1%) and simple obstruction (12 ± 2%) had been previously shown not to significantly slow washout, but segmental strangulation had done so dramatically (32 ± 2%, P
Texts, Primers, and Voices in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye

Abstract The Bluest Eye represents a remarkable undertaking, especially for a first novel. In terms of formal features, it might be described as a kind of narratological compendium. For one thing, the novel incorporates several different forms of textuality. It opens with three different versions of its epigraphic “master” text, several lines drawn from an elementary school primer. That is followed by an italicized “overture,” introducing the primary narrator, Claudia MacTeer, and the dominant motifs of the work—victimization and its causes: It was a long time before my sister and I admitted to ourselves that no green was going to spring from our seeds. Once we knew, our guilt was relieved only by fights and mutual accusations about who was to blame. (5)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Brain Development

MR spectroscopy (MRS) can provide the noninvasive detection of a number of biologically important cellular metabolites. Recently, this technique has been applied to provide unique assessments of maturational changes in brain biochemistry. Significant variations in the concentration of intracellular metabolite levels have been observed in the neonatal brain with anatomic location and with development. These changes are critical to define in normal neonatal populations so as to provide improved understanding of brain maturation as well as to establish normative values for the differentiation of abnormal metabolism in cases of brain injury. This article includes the description of MRS techniques for neonatal studies and results in the study of the premature and term newborn brain.
Effect of Strain Rate on the Tensile Material Properties of Human Placenta

Automobile crashes are the largest cause of injury death for pregnant females and the leading cause of traumatic fetal injury mortality in the United States. Computational models, useful tools to evaluate the risk of fetal loss in motor vehicle crashes, are based on a limited number of quasistatic material tests of the placenta. This study presents a total of 64 uniaxial tensile tests on coupon specimens from six human placentas at three strain rates. Material properties of the placental tissue were evaluated at strain rates of 0.07/s, 0.70/s, and 7.00/s. The test data have average failure strains of 0.34, 0.36, and 0.37, respectively. Failure stresses of 10.8 kPa, 11.4 kPa, and 18.6 kPa correspond to an increase in strain rate from 0.07/s to 7.0/s. The results indicate rate dependence only when comparing the highest strain rate of 7.0/s to either of the lower rates. There is no significant rate dependence between 0.07/s and 0.70/s. When compared with previous testing of placental tissue, the current study addresses the material response to more strain rates as well as provides a much larger set of available data. In summary, tensile material properties for the placenta have been determined for use in computational modeling of pregnant occupant kinematics in events ranging from low impact activities to severe impacts such as in motor vehicle crashes.
Numerical homogenization of active material finite-element cells

We present the homogenization of a parametrically defined periodic microstructure in which it is possible to separately control the volume fractions of conventional material, active material and void. The effective material properties from the homogenization reduce the necessary finite-element model complexity and also allow for topology optimization of smart structures or optimization of the microstructure itself. Homogenization equations for piezoelectric material including thermal effects are derived with a first-order asymptotic approach. The homogenization problem is solved numerically for discrete values of the design parameters. An interpolation technique is used to find analytical, continuously derivable functions for material properties of the design parameters. Consideration is given to planar microstructures and the treatment of microstructures consisting of dielectrically distinct materials. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Race as a Factor in Municipal Underbounding

Abstract A major redistribution of the black population in the Yazoo Delta in Mississippi occurred between 1940 and 1980. Almost 20 percent of the blacks now live within one mile of the corporate limits of the region's 57 municipalities. Federal housing programs that were initiated during the War on Poverty in the 1960s have been significant in the concentration of blacks in the municipal fringes. Twelve municipalities for which the political limits significantly underbound the black population were identified for detailed study. For political reasons, white-controlled municipal governments have refused to annex new black residential areas or have selectively expanded the corporate boundaries to exclude the neighborhoods. Racial discrimination in annexation has resulted in federal court suits under the Civil Rights Act and in efforts to incorporate unannexed areas as new municipalities. Municipal underbounding because of race demonstrates that race relations in the nonmetropolitan South have evolved from ...