cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applications of Analytical Sensitivities of Principal Components in Structural Dynamics Analysis

Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which is more recently referred to as Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in the literature, is a popular technique in many fields of engineering, science, and mathematics for analysis of time series data. The benefit of PCA for dynamical systems comes from its ability to detect and rank the dominant coherent spatial structures of dynamic response, such as operating deflection shapes or mode shapes. Structural dynamics is one area in which it is useful because PCA results in modal-like dynamic properties for linear and nonlinear dynamical systems. Most notable is the use of PCA to generate efficient basis sets for developing reduced order models for fluid dynamics and structural dynamics problems. This is but one application of PCA in the science and engineering literature. The objective of this work is to investigate the applications of principal component sensitivities in structural dynamics analysis to evaluate where opportunities may exist for linear systems and potential new nonlinear analyses. Sensitivity analysis is standard tool used by analysts and has the potential to impact many applications of PCA. In this paper, an analytical approach for sensitivity analysis of PCA, developed and verified in previous work by the authors, is applied to structural dynamics analyses. Analytical sensitivities provide the necessary derivatives for gradient-based algorithms. The proposed applications include an analytical framework for evaluating structural property changes, calibration of linear and nonlinear structural dynamics models, and sensitivity with respect to forcing inputs. Examples applications are considered.
FAK blunts adenosine-homocysteine-induced endothelial cell apoptosis: requirement for PI 3-kinase.

Treatment of cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cells (BPAEC) with adenosine (Ado) alone or in combination with homocysteine (Hc) leads to disruption of focal adhesion complexes, caspase-depende...
Catalytic wet co-oxidation of endocrine disrupting chemical-bisphenol A

The catalytic wet co-oxidation(CWCO) of bisphenol A(BPA) was conducted with NaNO2 as catalyst and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(TCP) as co-oxidizing substance, and the results showed that the addition of TCP could significantly promote the degradation of BPA in the presence of NaNO2: when the mixture of BPA and TCP reacted at 170℃ and 0.5MPa oxygen pressure for 6h, the COD removal reached to 71.2%, while the COD removal was only 24.7% after single BPA reacted at the same experimental conditions. On this basis, the effects of reaction temperature, oxygen pressure, reaction time, TCP concentration and NaNO2 concentration on the CWCO of BPA were investigated, and the optimum experimental conditions were selected(170℃ of reaction temperature, 0.5 MPa of oxygen pressure, 6h of reaction time, 0.5mmol/L BPA, 0.5mmol/L TCP and 0.1mmol/L NaNO2). Under the optimized conditions, BPA and TCP removal reached 100% and 96.4%, respectively, meanwhile the biodegradability index of the mixture after the CWCO process was significantly improved with the ratio of BOD5/COD increasing from 0.08 of the raw mixture to 0.95. In addition, the main degradation products determined by GC-MS were some small organic acids, including acetic acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, succinic acid, 3-methyladipic acid, propanetricarboxylic acid and 1-propenyl-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid. The co-oxidation technology for BPA and TCP provides a potential application in treatment of polluted waters.
Analysis of Free Fatty Acids Level in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnant Patients

Objective To compare the dynamic changes of pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and the abnormal one, so as to explore the importance of the free fatty acids (FFAs) in diagnosing and monitoring gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Via oral glucose tolerance test, 111 pregnant women were randomly chosen to measure blood glucose and FFAs level in four particular points of time, and then divided into three groups according to the results of measurement, including the normal tolerance group (NGT, 60 cases), the impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT, 27 cases), and the gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM, 24 cases). Dynamic changes of the FFAs levels in three groups were compared, and the data were analyzed statistically. Results The free fatty acids (FFAs) levels in each group were not statistically different at fasting state and at 3 hours later after taking oral glucose (P 0.05). One hour after taking oral glucose, the FFA levels in GDM group and NGT group were of significant difference (P 0.05), while those at NGT and IGT group were not statistically different. 2 hours later, the FFAs levels in NGT and GDM group were statistically different, while those in the NGT and IGT groups were not. Conclusions FFAs levels in three groups have different dynamic changes. The changes of the FFAs plasma concentration of the gestational diabetes patients maintain at high levels under a high- glycemic load. FFAs detection has clinical significance in the diagnosis and monitoring of GDM.
The Use of Libraries by Economists: A Personal View

The paper, by a ‘consumer economist‘ discusses the use of libraries under four classifications: the personal library, the specialized library, the teaching library of a college or university, and the research library. In addition, it reflects briefly on the current problems of libraries ensuing from rising costs, increasing published materials, reduced budgets, etc. It gives the view of one who is not widely familiar with bibliographic aids, both literary and increasingly computerized, and concludes, perhaps erroneously, that such is the ambiguity in the words used by economists that it is unlikely that mechanical substitutes will be found for informal and personalized techniques, such as asking people who know a given field.
ALUMINA CERAMIC CERAMIC THA AT 15 YEARS IN PATIENTS LESS THAN 50 YEARS OLD

INTRODUCTION Young patients ( METHODS Between August 1999 and December 2007, 220 total hip arthroplasties in 191 patients under 50 years of age at the time of surgery were performed using alumina ceramic-ceramic bearings as part of a prospective, non-randomized study. All patients received uncemented acetabular components with flush-mounted acetabular liners using an 18 degree taper, and uncemented femoral components. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 42.1 ±7.2 years (range: 17.4 years to 49.9 years), and the average time to follow-up was 10.1 ±2.4 years (range: 4.2 years to 15.2 years). We evaluated implant-related complications and performed Kaplan-Meier analyses to determine survivorship of the THA components with revision for any reason as the endpoint. RESULTS There were no dislocations or failures due to osteolysis or aseptic loosening. There was one patient death not related to the THA procedure. Through 15-years, the Kaplan-Meier survivorship of all components was 94.9% (CI: ±8.0) with 8 revisions (3.6%) of either the cup, the stem, or both. For the acetabular component, the 15-year survivorship was 97.0% (CI: ±6.1) and included 4 revisions (1.8%), and 98.1% (CI: ±1.9) for the femoral component including 4 revisions (1.8%). One patient had both the femoral and acetabular components revised. There were two liner fractures (0.59%) and one head fracture (0.3%), two of which were sustained as a result of a fall from significant height. There were three failures of osseointegration (1.3%), and one acetabular component dislodged (0.4%) immediately following surgery. Two patients reported non-reproducible squeaking. One hip was revised at an outside institution for unknown reasons. Using the National Institutes for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines, our results are well within the 1% per year acceptable failure rate for this young patient population (acetabular components: 0.1% per year, femoral components: 0.1% per year, all revisions: 0.2% per year). From our experience, ceramic-on-ceramic THA in patients less than 50 years of age is very reliable with a low revision rate and absence of wear-related osteolysis. Component fracture typically occurs with high-energy trauma, and squeaking occurrence is rare in the flush-mounted ceramic liners used in our study. CONCLUSION Total hip arthroplasty in young patients demonstrates excellent survivorship when uncemented titanium implants are coupled with ceramic-ceramic bearings.
Is Genus to Species as Matter to Form? Aristotle and Taxonomy

Whenever I teach the philosophy of biology, and especially any part of it to do with the species problem, and whenever I read, or hear, current discussions in philosophy of science, which await, it seems to me, some new resolution of the problem of scientific realism, I suffer from an unhappy consciousness that Aristotle could somehow tell us something on these matters if only we could read his message right. If we want to assert that there are real kinds in nature which the scientist — in particular the taxonomist - is trying to order and understand, surely Aristotle has something to tell us. But what?
Competitive Nucleophilic Attack Chemistry Based on Undecenoic Acid: A New Chemical Route for Plant-Oil-Based Epoxies

Plant oil is one of the world’s most abundant renewable resources; however, its derived epoxies are low in thermal resistance and mechanical strength. In this work, a new chemical route referred to “competitive nucleophilic attack (CNA)” was discovered to achieve plant-oil-based epoxy with high thermal resistance and mechanical strength as well as many other unique properties comparable to those of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), one of the most popular petroleum-based epoxies. The CNA route was realized by using 10-undecenoic acid (UA), a plant-derived monomer, as a building block reacting with alicyclic oxirane chemicals, such as 4-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes (ECP), to achieve epoxy monomers with ether-bridged cycloaliphatic ring structure. A newly formed hydroxyl (NFH) is involved in the nucleophilic attack upon oxonium to compete with UA anion during the UA–ECP reaction. The resultant epoxy is UV-curable in a few seconds, possessing high tensile strength (∼48 MPa), high glass transiti...
Development of a turbulent near-wall temperature model and its application to channel flow

A numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer in a two-dimensional channel under fully developed turbulent conditions is reported. A computer program which is capable of treating both forced and natural convection problems under turbulent conditions has been developed. The code uses the high-Reynolds-number form of the two equation turbulent model(k-ɛ) in which a turbulent kinetic energy near-wall model is incorporated in order to accurately represent the behavior of the flow near the wall, particularly in the viscous sublayer where the turbulent Reynolds number is small. A near-wall temperature model has been developed and incorporated into the energy equation to allow accurate prediction of the temperature distribution near the wall and, therefore, accurate calculation of heat transfer coefficients.
A DFT and MD study of aqueous-phase dehydrogenation of glycerol on Pt(1 1 1): comparing chemical accuracy versus computational expense in different methods for calculating aqueous-phase system energies

Glycerol, which is one of the most abundant by-products in biodiesel production, can be converted into H2 through aqueous-phase reforming (APR). Dehydrogenation is one of the main processes in glyc...
Radioactive Decay Data Tables: A Handbook of Decay Data for Application to Radiation Dosimetry and Radiological Assessments

(1982). Radioactive Decay Data Tables: A Handbook of Decay Data for Application to Radiation Dosimetry and Radiological Assessments. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 477-478.
Association of Neuromuscular Attributes With Performance-Based Mobility Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

Abstract Objectives To identify differences in health factors, neuromuscular attributes, and performance-based mobility among community-dwelling older adults with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis; and to determine which neuromuscular attributes are associated with performance-based measures of mobility. Design Cross-sectional; secondary data analysis of a cohort study. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation center. Participants Community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years with self-reported mobility limitations and symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (N=54). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Short Physical Performance Battery score, habitual gait speed, and chair stand test. Results Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis was classified using self-reported symptoms of neurogenic claudication and imaging. Among 430 community-dwelling older adults, 54 (13%) met criteria for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Compared with participants without symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis, those with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis had more comorbidities, higher body mass index, greater pain, and less balance confidence. Participants with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis had greater impairment in trunk extensor muscle endurance, leg strength, leg strength asymmetry, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), knee extension ROM, and ankle ROM compared with participants without symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Five neuromuscular attributes were associated with performance-based mobility among participants with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: trunk extensor muscle endurance, leg strength, leg strength asymmetry, knee flexion ROM, and knee extension ROM asymmetry. Conclusions Community-dwelling older adults with self-reported mobility limitations and symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis exhibit poorer health characteristics, greater neuromuscular impairment, and worse mobility when compared with those without symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Poorer trunk extensor muscle endurance, leg strength, leg strength asymmetry, knee flexion ROM, and knee extension ROM asymmetry were associated with performance-based mobility among participants with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.
Fitting Endogenous Stochastic Frontier Models in Stata

In this article, I introduce sfkk, a new command for fitting endogenous stochastic frontier models. sfkk provides estimators for the parameters of a linear model with a disturbance assumed to be a ...
Substance use disorders among immigrants in the United States: A research update

Abstract Introduction There is a critical need for the most current information available on the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) among immigrants vis-a-vis that of individuals born in the United States (US). We report the prevalence of SUDs among immigrants from major world regions and top immigrant-sending countries, and assess key moderators (i.e., age, gender, family income, age of migration, time in US) of the relationship between immigrant status and SUD risk. Method The data source used for the present study is the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III, 2012–2013), a nationally representative survey of 36,309 civilian, non-institutionalized adults ages 18 and older in the US. Logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between immigrant status and SUD risk. Results Immigrants were found to be substantially less likely than US-born individuals to be diagnosed with a past-year or lifetime SUD, including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opioid use disorders. These findings held across major world region and among immigrants from the top-ten immigrant sending nations, and across differences in age, gender, family income, age of migration, and time spent in the US. Conclusions Results from the present study provide up-to-date and cogent evidence that immigrants use alcohol and drugs, and meet criteria for SUDs, at far lower rates than do US-born individuals. Moreover, we provide new evidence that the protective effect of nativity holds for immigrants from an array of global regions and sending countries, and across key demographic and migration-related differences.
Characterization of applied fields for ion mobility separations in traveling wave based structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM).

Abstract Ion mobility (IM) is rapidly gaining attention for the separation and analysis of biomolecules due to the ability to distinguish the shapes of ions. However, conventional constant electric field drift tube IM separations have limited resolving power, constrained by practical limitations on the path length and maximum applied voltage. The implementation of traveling waves (TW) in IM removes the latter limitation, allowing higher resolution to be achieved using extended path lengths. Both of these can be readily obtained in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM), which are fabricated from arrays of electrodes patterned on two parallel surfaces where potentials are applied to generate appropriate electric fields between the surfaces. Here we have investigated the relationship between the primary SLIM variables, such as electrode dimensions, inter-surface gap, and the applied TW voltages, that directly impact the fields experienced by ions. Ion trajectory simulations and theoretical calculations have been utilized to understand the dependence of SLIM geometry and effective electric fields on IM resolution. The variables explored impact both ion confinement and the observed IM resolution using SLIM modules.
An Operational and Marketing Infrastructure for the Human Factors and Ergonomics Professions – a Call to Action

. Together, all the people in and associated with our human factors professions have the knowledge, skills, information, processes, resources, and solutions that we need to make our work extremely successful. Through our efforts of enhancing the organization, application, and presentation of these resources, human factors principles can be made a central concept in our culture with all the benefits they will bring to society and our professions. This chapter is dedicated to moving us in this direction. For a number of years I have felt that our human factors profession would benefit from a thorough enterprise analysis to characterize how we currently do business followed by an action program to make improvements. This observation is based on marketplace indications that the products and services that we currently deliver do not always meet the expectations of our customers (those people who ask for human factors support and solutions). In the past, our profession may not have seen the need or benefit of such an analysis or action program, but current events such as the practitioner concerns described later, may indicate that now is the time to take action. Our professional societies, leaders, and practitioners are coming to the realization that we can offer more to society if we can better match our products and services to customer needs. In this chapter, I identify the issues, discuss the increased awareness, and then provide a specific action plan for our future direction. Although this material is initially intended for the ergonomics/human factors practitioner, it will benefit anyone interested in improvement of the ergonomics/human factors discipline.
Synthesis and Assembly

The common theme of this WTEC study is the engineering of materials with novel (i.e., improved) properties through the controlled synthesis and assembly of the material at the nanoscale level. The range of applications is extremely broad, and these will be described in further detail in subsequent chapters in this report. The corresponding means of synthesis and assembly are similarly wide-ranging. But however multifaceted the synthesis approaches and the ultimate applications, there are common issues and unique defining features of these nanostructured materials.
Near Field and Far Field Interactions and Data Needs For Geologic Disposal of Nuclear Waste

The behavior of radionuclides released in the near field of a repository will be influenced by the geochemical media as modified by radiolysis, elevated temperatures, and the materials used in the encapsulation, backfill, etc. By contrast, the behavior in the far field should resemble a more normal environmental situation. The difference in the nature of the data base required for satisfactory modeling of radionuclide migration in these two situations is reviewed. The value of data from natural analogue sites to validate the far field modeling and from the Oklo site to validate the near field modeling is discussed.
Sobolev Spaces, Kac-Regularity, and the Feynman-Kac Formula

Let H1(ℝd) be the Sobolev space of complex-valued measurable functions u ∈ L2(ℝd) such that the distributional derivatives ∂ju, j = 1,2,⋯,d are also in L2(ℝd). We introduce the sesquilinear form (·,·)* on H1(ℝd): $${{(u,v)}_{*}} = \frac{1}{2}\underset{{{R}^{d}}}{\mathop{\int }}\,\underset{j}{\mathop{\sum }}\,{{\partial }_{j}}\overset{-}{\mathop{u}}\,{{\partial }_{j}}v dx$$ and the norm ||·|| $$||u|{{|}^{2}} = {{(u,v)}_{*}}+ ||u||_{2}^{2}$$ where ||·||2 is the L2(ℝd)-norm.
GT-Race: Graph Traversal Based Data Race Detection for Asynchronous Many-Task Parallelism

Asynchronous Many-Task (AMT) parallelism is growing in popularity because of its promise to support future platforms with new heterogeneity and resiliency requirements. It supports the construction of parallel programs with fine-grained tasks, thereby enabling portability across a wide range of platforms. However, applications written for AMT parallelism still remain vulnerable to data races, and existing data race detection tools are unsuitable for AMT programs because they either incur intractably large overheads or are limited to restricted task structures such as fork-join parallelism.
Chapter 14 Dynamic Panel Models with Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance Data

This paper uses a unique US dataset to analyze the demand for Directors' and Officers' liability insurance utilizing dynamic panel models. Some well-established theories propose that corporate insurance plays a role in mitigating agency problems within the corporation such as those between shareholders and managers, and managers and creditors, mitigates bankruptcy risk as well as provides real-services efficiencies. Applying dynamic panel data models, this paper uses these theories to perform empirical tests. The hypothesis that D&O insurance is entirely habit driven is rejected, while some role for persistence is still confirmed. I confirm the real-services efficiencies hypothesis and the role of insurance in mitigating bankruptcy risk. Firms with higher returns appear to demand less insurance. Although alternative monitoring mechanisms over management do not appear to play a large role, I find some support that insurance and governance are complements rather than substitutes. I fail to confirm the role of insurance in mitigating under-investment problems in growth companies.
The Affordable Care Act: Long-Term Financial Impact on a Level I Trauma Center.

Abstract Background Prior studies of the impact of the Affordable Care Act on reimbursement for inpatient trauma care do not include disproportionate share hospital (DSH) funding. Because trauma centers and other safety-net hospitals are sensitive to any changes in financial support, it is essential to include DSH funding in evaluating overall reimbursement. This study analyzes the long-term financial trends, including DSH, of a level I trauma center in Ohio, a state that expanded Medicaid. Methods Charges, reimbursement, sources of insurance coverage, Injury Severity Scores, and DSH funding for the trauma patient population of an Ohio American College of Surgeons level 1 trauma center were studied from 2012 to 2017. Data were collected from Transition Systems, Inc. Results During 2012-2017, self-pay patient cases decreased from 15.0% to 4.1% and commercial insurance patients decreased from 34.2% to 27.6%. The percentage of Medicaid patients increased from 15.5% to 27.1%; however, Medicaid reimbursement average per case declined from $17,779 in 2012 to $10,115 in 2017 (a decline of 43.1%). Self-pay charges decreased from $22.0 million to $6.7 million. Total DSH funding, compensation given to hospitals that disproportionately treat underserved populations, decreased 17.4%. Conclusions Self-pay charges and self-pay patients decreased dramatically; Medicaid patients and charges increased substantially in the years after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act at our trauma center. However, there was a decrease in commercial insurance, which had the highest reimbursement for our hospital, and a significant decline in DSH, a critical supplemental source of funding for safety-net hospitals.
Investigating Ethical Considerations of Machine Learning Adoptions Within Organizations: A Systematic Literature Review

The aim of this manuscript is to identify ethical issues as well as develop a conceptual framework related to the adoption of Machine Learning (ML) in organizations. The following research question was identified: 1. What are the ethical issues that organizations may potentially face as they work to design and adopt Machine Learning systems in their processes? The systematic literature format was selected to serve as the foundation for this study. Kitchenham’s (2004) seminal work for systematic literature reviews functioned as the basis for this study. This manuscript contains a brief history of ML along with conceptual terminology to establish context. Data collection included Academy of Management (35 articles), JSTOR (183 articles), and Google Scholar (16,500 articles) databases. In order to convey the rigor and reproducibility behind this effort, I utilized the PRISMA methodology and documented the process. Upon completion of the PRISMA approach, twenty-eight articles were selected for the final study and examined in-depth. A Machine Learning program, Voyant, was used to conduct the preliminary examination and a manual review of the articles followed. Consequently, I propose the Ethical Considerations Landscape Model and identify five corresponding ethical approaches to function as the theoretical foundation. The supporting ethical theories include: Utilitarian, Common Good, Fairness & Justice, Rights, and Virtue. I mapped the ethical theories to the Ethical Landscape Model as an aid for managers to guide their decision-making and actions. The result of this research is the Ethical Considerations for Machine Learning Adoption Framework.
Preclinical and clinical development of therapeutic antibodies targeting functions of CD47 in the tumor microenvironment

CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface glycoprotein that functions as a signaling receptor for thrombospondin-1 and as the counter-receptor for signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα). Engaging SIRPα on macrophages inhibits phagocytosis, and CD47 thereby serves as a physiological marker of self. However, elevated CD47 expression on some cancer cells also protects tumors from innate immune surveillance and limits adaptive antitumor immunity via inhibitory SIRPα signaling in antigen presenting cells. CD47 also mediates inhibitory thrombospondin-1 signaling in vascular cells, T cells, and NK cells, and blocking inhibitory CD47 signaling on cytotoxic T cells directly increases tumor cell killing. Therefore, CD47 functions as an innate and adaptive immune checkpoint. These findings have led to the development of antibodies and other therapeutic approaches to block CD47 functions in the tumor microenvironment. Preclinical studies in mice demonstrated that blocking CD47 can limit the growth of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and some targeted cancer therapies. Humanized CD47 antibodies are showing promise in early clinical trials, but side effects related to enhanced phagocytic clearance of circulating blood cells remain a concern. Approaches to circumvent these include antibody preloading strategies, development of antibodies that recognize tumor-specific epitopes of CD47, SIRPα antibodies, and bivalent antibodies that restrict CD47 blockade to specific tumor cells. Preclinical and clinical development of antibodies and related biologics that inhibit CD47/SIRPα signaling are reviewed, including strategies to combine these agents with various conventional and targeted therapeutics to improve patient outcome for various cancers.
Immature Granulocyte Measurement Using the Sysmex XE-2100

We determined the usefulness of immature granulocyte measurement as a predictor of infection or positive blood culture and compared the results with total WBC count and absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Blood samples from 102 infected and 69 noninfected patients were analyzed using the Sysmex XE-2100 automated blood cell counter (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). The percentage of immature granulocytes was significantly higher in infected than in noninfected patients and in patients with positive than patients with negative blood cultures. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the percentage of immature granulocytes was a better predictor of infection than the WBC count and comparable to the ANC. Automated immature granulocyte measurements reflect a biologically and clinically relevant phenomenon but are not sensitive enough to be used as screening assays for prediction of infection or bacteremia. However, although infrequently encountered, a percentage of immature granulocytes of more than 3 was a very specific predictor of sepsis and might help expedite microbiologic laboratory evaluation of a subset of patients.
Expert Witness Reports in Federal Civil Litigation: The Role of the Attorney in the Expert Witness Report's Preparation

Every day across America civil litigators in federal court work closely with experts to create required expert reports and hone expert testimony. Yet they do so without clear guidance as to the limits, if any, on their assistance. Despite an attempt in 2010 to clarify the rules in this area with amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, that attempt has proven woefully inadequate. Today there is no consensus as to the line between proper assistance and lawyer overreaching. There are major areas of uncertainty over the means by which the degree of lawyer involvement can be discovered. While there is substantial agreement that lawyer assistance at times is so excessive that exclusion of the expert’s report is warranted, or at least that that involvement is relevant to the weight to be afforded the expert’s testimony, some courts so limit the inquiry into the lawyer’s role in assisting the expert that applying these safeguards is near impossible. In this article, I unpack the current doctrine laying bare the areas of disagreement. At a minimum, this arms litigants with competing arguments to assert when discovery disputes in this area arise. With the disagreements clearly identified, courts may yet come to a consensus on these issues, but the experience of the last eight years under the 2010 regime suggests that hope is a remote one. Assuming some courts will continue to frustrate attempts to uncover the extent of lawyer influence under the current rules, I propose a variety of alternatives that can check excessive lawyer involvement without creating the problems the 2010 amendments were intended to address.
A Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Management Options of COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy.

ABSTRACT: There is increasing evidence that novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to a significant coagulopathy, a phenomenon termed "COVID-19 associated coagulopathy". COVID-19 has been associated with increased rates of both venous and arterial thromboembolic events, a source of significant morbidity and mortality in this disease. Further evidence suggests a link between the inflammatory response and coagulopathy associated with COVID-19. This presents a unique set of challenges for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombotic complications. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current literature on laboratory coagulation disruptions associated with COVID-19 and the clinical effects of thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), peripheral arterial thrombosis, and acute ischemic stroke in COVID-19. Endothelial injury and augmented innate immune response are implicated in the development of diffuse macro- and microvascular thrombosis in COVID-19. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy is an important determinant of appropriate treatment and monitoring of these complications. We highlight the importance of diagnosis and management of dysregulated coagulation in COVID-19 in order to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients with thromboembolic complications.
The Mortar and the Pestle: Nurturance and Mothering in Bama Faustina’s 'Ponnuthayi'

Mothering involves both a subversion and a reinforcement of structures of power within society. The institution of motherhood can be constructed through norms, standards, and dichotomies which function to allow or deny access to power. The relationship between gender and motherhood is complex and dialectical; gender assumptions influence motherhood in the very same way in which motherhood proliferates certain conceptions of gender and sexuality. Both the institution of motherhood and mothering, as a process of thought and practice, can be globally constructed in relation to class and race. My essay examines the feminist theorizations of the cultural institution of motherhood, and the ways in which power manifests itself in the interactions between the individual and the social in the short fiction of the Dalit author Bama. My paper discusses how the work of Bama Faustina constitutes a social critique and framework, centering the concerns of Dalit women. This critique not only challenges the doubled marginalization of caste and gender within the narrative’s social context, but it also complicates and adds nuance to feminist conceptions of motherhood located in the Global North.
Online Hazard Recognition Training: Comparative Case Study of Static Images, Cinemagraphs, and Videos

AbstractThis research studied the use of cinemagraphs for online training purposes to enhance the hazard recognition of construction “struck-by” hazards. Cinemagraphs (i.e., partially animated vide...
Survival outcomes of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: A 12-year analysis.

e19543Background: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of chronic immunosuppression in solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic ste...
Online Learning from Optimal Actions

We study the problem of online contextual optimization where, at each period, instead of observing the loss, we observe, after-the-fact, the optimal action an oracle with full knowledge of the objective function would have taken. At each period, the decision-maker has access to a new set of feasible actions to select from and to a new contextual function that affects that period's loss function. We aim to minimize regret, which is defined as the difference between our losses and the ones incurred by an all-knowing oracle. We obtain the first regret bound for this problem that is logarithmic in the time horizon. Our results are derived through the development and analysis of a novel algorithmic structure that leverages the underlying geometry of the problem.
Coreless Fast Pulsed-Power Drivers

Linear transformer drivers can generate mega-amperes in hundreds of nanoseconds, allowing to produce matter under extreme conditions and study it in a laboratory setting. Drivers using this technology are more compact than Marx-banks drivers but have very similar characteristics. The key component is the magnetic core that allows to charge the system in parallel, during the dc phase when the core inductance is an ignorable part of the circuit, and to discharge it in series, during the pulsed phase when the core provides inductive isolation. However, the magnetic core increases the weight, the cost of the system, and the footprint of the device. In this article, we show how the magnetic core can be replaced by an insulator break, providing capacitive isolation instead. This approach reduces both weight and footprint of the system while minimizing current losses compared with a system with cores or no isolation whatsoever.
A 92.7%-Efficiency 30A 48V-to-1V Dual-Path Hybrid Dickson Converter for PoL Applications

This paper presents a dual-path hybrid Dickson (DPHD) converter to provide single-step large-ratio voltage conversions with high power efficiencies. It systematically utilizes a hybrid structure with a N:1 SC network and an inductor to enlarge the duty ratio and reduce the voltage stress of power switches. The hybrid dual-path structure further lowers the required inductor current for a given output current, thereby significantly decreasing the inductor conduction loss and improving the capability of delivering high output current. A 7:1 DPHD converter prototype with 25V silicon MOSFETs was implemented to support conversions from a wide input range of 36 – 65V to an output of 1 – 2V with the maximum load of 30A. The converter achieves a high peak power efficiency of 92.7% under 48V-to-2V conversion and 250kHz. The power density of the converter is 451W/in3 that is better than other prior hybrid converters.
Trends in Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Length of Stay over a Decade at a Tertiary Academic Institution.

Background Length of stay (LOS) is used as a quality metric to reduce cost and improve value of delivery of care. We sought to analyze trends in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) LOS at a tertiary academic institution over the last decade. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. Infrarenal EVARs from 2001 to 2013 were divided into 3 groups: group I (2001–2004), EVARs were performed as part of clinical trials; group II (2005–2008), EVARs were referred to a tertiary referral center with the most experience with EVAR; group III (2009–2013), EVARs were referred to academic institutions in the presence of severe patient comorbidities. Trends in LOS and correlation with severity of illness (SOI) as based on All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups and admission and/or disposition status were analyzed. LOS index (LOSI) at our institution was then compared with University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Hospitals over the past 3 years. Results A total of 1,265 EVARs were performed during this time period: 325 in group I, 547 in group II, and 393 in group III. The median LOS was 4 days (inter quartile range [IQR], 2–6) vs. 3 days (IQR, 2–5) ± 0.28 vs. 4 days (IQR, 3–7), respectively (P Conclusions Our study suggests a relationship between time period of EVAR, SOI, complications, admission status, and LOS. Attention to these trends could be used to decrease LOS in an increasingly complex patient population.
Effect of apolipoprotein E on biomarkers of amyloid load and neuronal pathology in Alzheimer disease.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 is the most important known genetic risk factor for typical late onset Alzheimer disease (AD). The lifetime risk of developing AD is increased and the age of onset of the disease is lowered with increasing number of APOE e4 alleles.1–4 Aβ1–42 and tau levels measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and atrophy seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are indicators of important disease-related pathological processes in AD. Low CSF Aβ1–42 reflects deposition of Aβ in plaques.5 High CSF t-tau levels reflect active axonal and neuronal damage.6 Atrophy seen on MRI is the direct result of loss of neurons, synapses, and dendritic arborization.7 In this paper, we use Structural Abnormality Index (STAND) scores as an indicator of severity of an AD-like pattern of atrophy on structural MRI. STAND scores were developed in our lab to condense the severity and location of AD-related atrophy on the 3-dimensional MRI scan into a single number.8 The effect of APOE genotype on neuronal pathology and amyloid load has been studied in autopsy specimens.9–13 Several in vivo CSF Aβ1–42 and t-tau studies,14–17 MRI studies,18–22 and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies23–25 have also studied the effect of APOE independently in each of these modalities. The first Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) CSF biomarker study also investigated the effect of APOE on CSF biomarkers, and found that Aβ1–42 concentration is lowest in subjects with 2 APOE e4 alleles and rises as the number of alleles decreases.26 However, there have not been in vivo studies that have investigated the influence of e4 allele on the surrogates of Aβ amyloid deposition and neuronal pathology together as measured by CSF and MRI in a cohort of subjects that spans the cognitive spectrum. The main aim of our paper was to evaluate the effect of APOE genotype on biomarkers of Aβ amyloid load and neuronal pathology by answering these questions: (1) How does APOE genotype effect CSF Aβ1–42 and t-tau levels and atrophy on MRI within each clinical group? (2) How does APOE genotype affect biomarker discrimination between different clinical groups (cognitively normal [CN], amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI], AD)? (3) How much of the variability in the biomarkers is explained by clinical diagnosis versus APOE genotype? and (4) Does the relationship between continuous measures of cognitive performance and the biomarkers differ by APOE genotype?
Spin-Echo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Fast Chemical Reactions

Since the original work of Gutowsky et al.(1) in 1953, high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance has developed into a useful tool for studying fast chemical reactions in liquids. These reactions occur in systems at dynamic equilibrium and involve rapid, reversible transfer of nuclear spins between magnetically nonequivalent environments. For example, intermolecular hydroxyl proton transfer in ethanol,(2) ring inversion in cyclohexane,(3) and hindered internal rotation in N,N-dimethylacetamidet(4) have all been studied by high-resolution NMR methods. Useful reviews of such studies have been made by Lowenstein and Connor(5) and by Johnson.(6)
Escherichia coli Co(II) alkaline phosphatase. Absorption, circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism of the d-d electronic transitions.

Abstract The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) associated with the visible d-d electronic transitions of Co(II) alkaline phosphatase between 400 and 650 nm are similar in the acid form, the alkaline form, and the phosphate and arsenate complexes of the enzyme. Thus similar coordination geometries must exist in all forms of the enzyme. The MCD suggests that this geometry is that of a distorted tetrahedron. The natural circular dichroism (CD) of the unliganded enzyme shows little change with pH; however, the CD of the phosphate complex undergoes very large changes between pH5 and 9 correlating with the second pKa of phosphate. In marked contrast, the MCD of the phosphate complex is not significantly pH dependent. The phosphate and arsenate complexes of Co(II) alkaline phosphatase show natural CD bands of opposite sign, while the MCD bands are of the same sign. These features suggest that the natural CD is induced by the potential field of the protein external to the Co(II) chromophore. MCD which is not sensitive to the external field reflects only the intrinsic geometry of the ligand field surrounding the Co(II). The significance of the changes in external field to the mechanism of action is discussed.
Wave dissipation by muddy seafloors

[1] Muddy seafloors cause tremendous dissipation of ocean waves. Here, observations and numerical simulations of waves propagating between 5- and 2-m water depths across the muddy Louisiana continental shelf are used to estimate a frequency- and depth-dependent dissipation rate function. Short-period sea (4 s) and swell (7 s) waves are shown to transfer energy to long-period (14 s) infragravity waves, where, in contrast with theories for fluid mud, the observed dissipation rates are highest. The nonlinear energy transfers are most rapid in shallow water, consistent with the unexpected strong increase of the dissipation rate with decreasing depth. These new results may explain why the southwest coast of India offers protection for fishing (and for the 15th century Portuguese fleet) only after large waves and strong currents at the start of the monsoon move nearshore mud banks from about 5- to 2-m water depth. When used with a numerical nonlinear wave model, the new dissipation rate function accurately simulates the large reduction in wave energy observed in the Gulf of Mexico.
An Autonomist Rethinking of Resistance Theory and Pedagogical Temporality

For many pedagogues, the prevailing models of resistance theory are problematic. The paucity of tangible transformative acts of resistance results in the valorization of strategies such as playing dumb, acting out, and not caring. In an educational landscape that reflects what seems to be a protracting matrix of oppressive forces, such strategies certainly do not offer much reassurance. The weight of this reality has prompted, paradoxically, a call for the participation in and recognition of more resistance. Indeed it has become both prescriptive and fashionable to highlight the various ways that students resist practices such as standardized testing, English-only, tracking, zero tolerance policies, and the persistence of deficit discourses that target students marginalized by race, class, gender, sexual orientation, language, and nationality. Consequently, such calls for resistance both direct and delimit our theoretical gaze: we are to look only to the concrete expressions of opposition that are seemingly provoked by undemocratic education and the larger crushing world that it mirrors. While acknowledging the importance of such opposition in asserting and defending the humanity of students against forms of domination, this essay suggests that understandings of revolutionary subjectivity and transformation that accompany the larger body of resistance literature are doomed by a theoretical myopia. In fact, prevailing conceptions of resistance theory may actually obscure much of the creative and productive forces that are the generative basis for transformation.
160 W 800 fs Yb:YAG single crystal fiber amplifier without CPA

We demonstrate a compact and simple two-stage Yb:YAG single crystal fiber amplifier which delivers 160 W average power, 800 fs pulses without chirped pulse amplification. This is the highest average power of femtosecond laser based on SCF. Additionally, we demonstrate the highest small signal gain of 32.5 dB from the SCF in the first stage and the highest extraction efficiency of 42% in the second stage. The excellent performance of the second stage was obtained using the bidirectional pumping scheme, which is applied to SCF for the first time.
What to Look for in a Backtest

A large number of quantitative hedge funds have historically sustained losses. In this study we argue that the backtesting methodology at the core of their strategy selection process may have played a role.* Most firms and portfolio managers rely on backtests (or historical simulations of performance) to allocate capital to investment strategies.* After trying only 7 strategy configurations, a researcher is expected to identify at least one 2-year long backtest with an annualized Sharpe ratio of over 1, when the expected out of sample Sharpe ratio is 0.* If the researcher tries a large enough number of strategy configurations, a backtest can always be fit to any desired performance for a fixed sample length. Thus, there is a minimum backtest length (MinBTL) that should be required for a given number of trials.* Standard statistical techniques designed to prevent regression over-fitting, such as hold-out, are inaccurate in the context of backtest evaluation.* The practical totality of published backtests do not report the number of trials involved.* Under memory effects, over-fitting leads to systematic losses, not noise.