cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimates of the Vertical Wavenumber–Frequency Spectra of Vertical Shear and Strain

Abstract Measurements of vertical shear and strain were acquired from the research platform FLIP during the PATCHEX experiment in October, 1986 (34°N, 127°W). Vertical sheer was shear from two separate Doppler sonar systems. A long-range sonar, with independent estimates every 18 m, sampled from 150–1200 m in depth. A short-range sonar measured fine-scale shear over 150–180 m depth, with 1.5 m vertical resolution. Vertical strain, ∂η/∂z, was estimated from two repeatedly profiling CTDs. These sampled to 560 m once every three minutes. The time variation of the strain field is monitored in both Eulerian (fixed-depth) and semi-Lagrangian (isopycnal-following) reference frames, from 150–406 m depth. Eulerian vertical wavenumber-frequency (m, ω) spectra of vertical shear and strain exhibit a frequency dependency which is a strong function of wavenumber (ω−2–ω0 for m = 0.01–0.3 cpm). In contrast the semi-Lagrangian strain spectrum is more nearly separable in frequency and wavenumber, in closer agreement with t...
Conscious Control of an Electron

I consider the possibility that the electron, not a human observer, precipitates the collapse of the electron's wavefunction when it is detected. This would seem to endow the electronic wavefunction with an elementary consciousness. If so, then perhaps a human consciousness could interact with the electronic consciousness to flip its spin. I propose an experiment to test this possibility, namely one in which the electron is the single valence electron of a magnesium ion immersed in a 50-gauss magnetic field. A dye laser shines on the ion and is tuned to bring about laser induced fluorescence (LIF) at a wavelength of 280 nm. The LIF is so strong that if the ion were shining in the visible range, it could be seen with the naked eye. Instead it is shining in the near ultra-violet, and a photomultiplier is used to detect the light. If a person can now lower the electron's energy minutely, then this will flip the electron's spin and the LIF will cease. If the person can succeed in flipping the electron's spin once again by raising its energy, then LIF is restored. By initiating LIF for long and short periods, such a person could send a lengthy International Morse Code message which could be read by anyone observing the ion’s output. We would see if a person succeeding in this task could send a message from increasingly distant points. If so, then the person's control could not be mediated by any fields currently known to physicists: electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravitational. We would hypothesize a new kind of controlling field which does not weaken with distance, nor be attenuated by obstructions. Such a field might mediate distant healing and remote viewing. It might be identified with Chinese qi. We hypothesize that this conjectured field propagates in higher dimensional space-time to avoid obstructions, and converges on the target to avoid weakening. In this space, the field might travel faster than light does in the lower four dimensions of space and time.
Quantitative MRI Measurements of Hot Streak Development in a Turbine Vane Cascade

Hot streaks from the combustor and cool streaks from nozzle vane film cooling impose strong inlet temperature variations on high pressure turbine blades, which can lead to local hot or cold spots, high thermal stresses, and fatigue failures. Furthermore, the complex three dimensional flows around the vane may act to concentrate cool or hot fluid exiting the vane row. In order to optimize the cooling design of the turbine blades, the designer must be able to predict the temperature distribution entering the turbine rotor. Therefore, it is important to understand and predict how combustor hot streaks are dispersed as they pass through the vane row. The goal of the present work is to provide detailed three dimensional velocity and temperature data for simulated combustor hot streaks developing through a film cooled vane cascade using the Magnetic Resonance Velocity/Concentration experimental technique. The measurements show that the hot streaks are thinned by acceleration through the vane cascade and diffused by turbulence. The turbulent diffusivity is suppressed by acceleration and leaves significant temperature nonuniformity in the vane wake.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Thrombin Cleavage-Independent Deposition of Fibrinogen in Extracellular Matrices

Lung epithelial cells (A549) synthesize and secrete fibrinogen (FBG) in vitro when stimulated with interleukin-6 and dexamethasone. This FBG secretion is polarized in the basolateral direction, suggesting that FBG is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Immunofluorescent staining of A549 cells showed a fibrillar pattern of FBG, similar to the staining detected using antibodies against the matrix constituents, collagen type IV and fibronectin (FN). The same pattern of staining was detected using antibodies against fibrinopeptides A and B, as well as with the T2G1 monoclonal antibody against the fibrin-specific epitope, beta15-21. Matrix staining was unaltered in the presence of the thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, or the plasmin inhibitor, aprotinin, consistent with the interpretation that matrix deposition of FBG does not require such enzymatic action. Metabolic labeling studies confirmed that FBG secreted from A549 cells or deposited into the ECM showed no evidence of thrombin or plasmin proteolytic processing or of transglutaminase-mediated covalent cross-linking (gamma-gamma dimers or alpha-polymers). Incubation of either A549 cell-derived or purified plasma FBG with cultures of human foreskin fibroblasts resulted in FBG deposition in the ECM that colocalized with matrix fibrils containing endogenously produced FN and laminin (LN). Binding of FBG to this exogenously produced matrix was unaltered by inhibition of thrombin and plasmin action, yet also exhibited exposure of the fibrin-specific epitope, beta15-21. The majority (approximately 70%) of newly synthesized and secreted FBG is bound to the cell surface as determined by its trypsin-sensitivity. Cell surface-bound FBG is initially deoxycholate-soluble, which, over time, becomes incorporated in the deoxycholate-insoluble ECM in a similar fashion to FN. These data suggest that matrix incorporation requires the binding of secreted FBG to cell-associated matrix assembly sites. However, unlike FN, FBG in the ECM is composed of the dimeric protamer (A alpha/B beta/gamma gamma) and not high molecular weight polymers indicative of fibrin. This study provides evidence that deposition of FBG in both endogenous and exogenously produced matrices results in conformational changes that occur independently of thrombin cleavage. This matrix-bound FBG, on which unique cell-reactive domains are likely exposed, could augment cellular response mechanisms evoked during injury and inflammation.
Rhetoric: Three Simple Techniques

This piece describes polysyndeton (adding conjunctions), asyndeton (omitting conjunctions), and isocolon (strict parallelism) and gives examples. These techniques can add emphasis and persuasion to a piece of legal writing.
Glycoalkaloids and Calystegine Alkaloids in Potatoes

Abstract Potatoes contain two classes of alkaloids: the glycoalkaloids and the calystegines. The presence of glycoalkaloids in potatoes and their toxicity have been known for more than a century and much has been written about them. Discovery of the nortropane calystegine alkaloids is more recent, and the knowledge of their presence in potatoes even more so. Glycoalkaloids are highly toxic when consumed at sufficiently high levels; however, the toxicity of the calystegine alkaloids is largely unknown. In this chapter, we review the accumulated knowledge and history of the analysis, prevalence in the diet, factors affecting the abundance in potatoes, toxicity, and potential healthful benefits of both classes of alkaloids.
Adrenergic Modulation of the Surge in Tail Skin Temperature Induced by LHRH and 2 Deoxyglucose

We previously observed (1–5) that administration of an opioid antagonist to morphine-dependent rats results in a prompt rise in tail skin temperature (TST) and a subsequent fall in colonic temperature (Tc). Additionally, an elevated heart rate and hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) are observed during these temperature changes in this animal model (2). These physiological changes are similar in magnitude, duration and temporal association with those exhibited in women undergoing a flushing episode. These flushing episodes are more pronounced in ovariectomized rats (4), and are attenuated with administration of estrogen (4,5) or α-adrenergic agents (1,3). These same therapeutic agents have been used effectively to alleviate the flushes observed in women (6–8). From both our animal studies and clinical trials it appears that some degree of adrenergic activation may be responsible for the flushing episodes.
Sensors on instrumented socks for detection of lower leg edema - An in vitro study

This paper presents the design, sensing principles and in vitro evaluation of a novel instrumented sock intended for prediction and prevention of acute decompensated heart failure. The sock contains a drift-free ankle size sensor and a leg tissue elasticity sensor. Both sensors are inexpensive and developed using innovative new sensing ideas. Preliminary tests with the sensor prototypes show promising results: The ankle size sensor is capable of measuring 1 mm changes in ankle diameter and the tissue elasticity sensor can detect 0.15 MPa differences in elasticity. A low-profile instrumented sock prototype with these two sensors has been successfully fabricated and will be evaluated in the future in an IRB-approved human study.
A synthesis of research examining timely removal of cervical collars in the obtunded trauma patient with negative computed tomography: an evidence-based review.

Objective: Currently, the standard to clear the cervical spine in obtunded blunt trauma patients is computed tomography in combination with plain films, dynamic fluoroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this study was to answer the question “Can computed tomography alone provide adequate clinical information to clear the cervical spine in the obtunded patient?” Methods: The author performed a search of the literature for studies that compared computed tomography (CT) with other radiologic modalities utilized to clear the cervical spine in obtunded patients. PubMed, TRIPdatabase, SUMsearch, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were the databases applied. Additional sources included bibliographies of selected articles. Studies that integrated CT scan with at least 1 other diagnostic examination were included. Results: A review of 11 studies and 1 meta-analysis encompassing 2458 and 14327 patients, respectively, met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis generated a negative predictor value for CT scan of 100% without evidence of acute injury with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 99.9% each. Conclusion: The results suggest that CT alone is a reliable clinical indicator to clear the cervical spine in obtunded patients.
The Seventy-First Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians

T HE seventy-first annual convention of the Organization of American Historians met in New York's Statler Hilton Hotel April 12-15. The opening session explored the origins and prospects of the city's intractable fiscal crisis, and numerous panels examined methods of reviving public interest in the work of a profession clearly faced with a financial crisis of its own. Despite unemployment, declining travel budgets, and the high cost of airplane tickets and hotel rooms, 2,480 persons-including 116 high school students-comprised the third largest registered attendance the association has compiled. A record ninety-three sessions, six luncheons, a breakfast, a contentious business meeting, and a presidential address competed with rare but popular job interviews, old friends, child care, glorious weather, and the culinary and cultural fleshpots of Gotham for their attention. The business meeting, preoccupied with a painstaking analysis of the problems of evidence and inference involved in the investigation of Yale University's alleged abridgement of Herbert Aptheker's academic freedom, and President Kenneth Stampp's "The Concept of a Perpetual Union" both drew large and faithful audiences, but no one thought to count them. Apart from these occasions, the average registrant attended approximately 2.5 sessions.' Nearly a thousand remained to create crowded conditions in three of the sixteen Saturday morning sessions. On fifteen occasions, audiences ranging from 30 to more than 500 fought for space in overcrowded rooms and adjacent halls. Speakers at these and other sessions endeavored to make themselves heard against inadvertently competing speakers in thinly-walled adjoining rooms and (on at least one occasion) the subway. Presiding officers who reported
Effect of oxygen on P. lophurae infected ducks.

SummaryIt has been shown that ducks injected with P. lophurae survive for a longer time when placed in a chamber with 75 to 90% oxygen than the controls kept in batteries in the animal room. These observations support the opinion that anoxia is a significant factor in the mechanism of death in the acute forms of malaria.
The Effects of Fall Urea Sprays on the Leaf Size and Nitrogen Level of Spur Leaves in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)

Bu calismada 0900 Ziraat cesidi kiraz agaclarina sonbahar ortasinda yedi gun aralikla iki kez puskurtulen dusuk biuretli urenin spur (mayis buketi) yapraklarinin buyuklugune ve azot icerigine olan etkisi incelenmistir. Denemede uygulama olarak agac basina 32.5 g ve 62.5 g olmak uzere iki ure dozu puskurtulmus olup ayrica tanik agaclar da yer almistir Spur ve surgun yapraklarinin iriligi sonbahar ure uygulamasindan olumlu etkilenerek tanik agaclarinkine gore en az iki kat daha fazla olmustur. Ure uygulamasi ilkbaharda spur yapraklarin N icerigini de arttirmistir. Sonbaharda yapraktan dusuk biuretli ure uygulamasinin 0900 Ziraat cesidi kiraz agaclarinin spur yapraklarinin iriliginde artis sagladigi ve boylece meyvelerin de iriligine olumlu etki saglayabilecek etkili bir uygulama oldugu anlasilmistir
Stereomask lithography for multi-protein patterning

The advances of biologically-friendly micropatterning technologies have benefited many areas of biological and medical research, including quantitative biochemical assay, point-of-care devices, biosensing and regenerative medicine. Conventional micropatterning techniques, for example, photolithography and soft lithography, have seen encouraging adaptation to creating biological micropatterns in the last decades. However, they still have not completely addressed the major needs of constructing multi-object biological microarrays with single-cell resolution without requiring cleanroom access. In this chapter, we present a novel versatile biological lithography technique to achieve integrated multi-object patterning with high feature resolution and high adaptability to various biomaterials, referred to as stereomask lithography (SML). A novel three-dimensional stereomask has been developed for successive patterning of multiple objects. The stereomask consists of both patterned through holes, which layout new micropatterns and non-through recesses, which protect pre-existing features on the substrate. Furthermore, high-precision reversible alignment among multiple bio-objects is achieved by adopting a peg-in-hole design between the substrate and stereomasks. As demonstration, we have successfully used the SML technique to construct complex biological microenvironment with various bio-functional components at single-cell resolution.
Alcoholism and the consultation-liaison psychiatrist.

This article reminds the practitioner that alcohol abuse and dependence is the most common of psychiatric disorders, impacts on the general hospital at a variety of levels, repels our referrant-colleagues, and is difficult to diagnose but is eminently treatable. Because both clinicians and their patients are subject to alcohol abuse and dependence, the consultation-liaison psychiatrist is in an ideal position to impact therapeutically on alcoholism at all levels of presentation. Alcoholism is a natural object of a consultation-liaison psychiatrist’s time, interest, and energy.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti‐Yo antibodies – a review

The ataxic syndrome associated with Anti-Yo antibody, or Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA1), is the most common variant of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). The typical presentation involves the subacute development of pancerebellar deficits with a clinical plateau within 6 months. The vast majority of cases have been reported in women with pelvic or breast tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is often normal in the early stages, with cerebellar atrophy seen later. The underlying mechanism is believed to be an immunological reaction to cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2), a protein usually found in the cerebellum that is ectopically produced by tumor cells. Although both B- and T-cell abnormalities are seen, there is debate about the relative importance of the autoantibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the neuronal loss. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, primarily elevated protein, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and oligoclonal bands, are common in the early stages. The low prevalence of this condition has not allowed for large-scale randomized controlled trials. Immunotherapies, such as steroids, intravenous immune globulins, and plasma exchange, have been extensively used in managing this condition, with limited success. Although some reports indicate benefit from antitumor therapies like surgery and chemotherapy, this has not been consistently observed. The prognosis for anti-Yo PCD is almost uniformly poor, with most patients left bedridden. Further studies are required to clarify the pathophysiology and provide evidence-based treatment options.
Anal Physiology: The Physiology of Continence and Defecation

The physiology of the anus and its surrounding structures is the physiology of continence and controlled defecation. This is a physiology of balance and continuous feedback and complex reflexes. Continence requires balance between the pressure inside the rectum and the combined tone of the internal and external sphincters. This chapter provides an overview of the anatomy, specifically the innervation of the anal complex with regard to how it affects normal and pathologic defecation. The neuro-sensory-motor aspects of the sequences of events of defecation are reviewed. Conditions that result in disordered defecation, pelvic pain, and complications outside the GI system are discussed.
Civil aviation impacts on local air quality: A survey inside two international airports in central Italy

Abstract The results of air quality monitoring carried out over several years (2008–2012) in two international airports near Rome (labelled as A and B) are reported and discussed. Airport A serves regular flights, airport B operates low-cost flights and, during the period investigated, had about 17% of airport A aircraft traffic load. Diffusive sampling of gaseous species (NO 2 , SO 2, BTX and O 3 ) was performed at several sites inside the airports. During 2012 the investigation was improved by including PM 10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Higher concentrations of NO 2 (+18%) and lower of SO 2 (−20%) were found at airport B, compared to A, over the whole period investigated. The maximum concentrations of SO 2 were measured in 2011 at both airports (13.4 μg/m 3 and 10.8 μg/m 3 respectively for A and B), despite the decrease of aircraft traffic load recorded. Statistical analysis of PM 10 data showed that there was no significant difference between the average concentrations measured at the two airports (25.7 μg/m 3 and 27.4 μg/m 3 for A and B respectively) and among the sites investigated. The concentration of PAHs at airport B (4.3 ng/m 3 ) was almost twice that of airport A (2.2 ng/m 3 ), though the respective percentages of compounds were similar. Airport B seemed to be negatively influenced by its surroundings, in particular by vehicular traffic flows of two major roads, whereas airport A was positively influenced by the proximity to the seaside. PCA data analysis showed that airport A sites are differently impacted by the LTO flight phases according to their position, whereas at airport B it was impossible to find similar relationships.
Rediscovery: Making music American at Folkways Records

An ex-convict singing children’s songs…No other label would have touched this but Moe was fearless in that way. The album was a success.-Pete Seeger Moses Asch told me that he was trying to record ...
Genetics as a Family Affair

Genetics is a family matter, to greater extent than other areas of medicine. We share our genes with family members. One person's diagnosis may contain important information for siblings, children, parents, and other relatives about their risks of developing disease, including common diseases such as cancer. Sometimes the information may be useful for taking preventive measures, planning lives, or deciding whether to have children. Sometimes family members would rather not know, because the information serves mainly to arouse anxiety. Sometimes the individual initially diagnosed does not want relatives to know. And sometimes the information does more harm than good, by disrupting family relationships.
Preference for Familiar-Positive Diet is Unaffected by Lithium Toxicosis: The Garcia Effect and Recovery From Thiamine Deficiency

Four groups of rats were initially exposed to a 3-week period of thiamine deficiency and then allowed to recover by means of a distinctively flavored, thiamine-enriched diet. Two other groups of rats (control) were exposed to the same sequence of conditions, but were given supplemental thiamine in their water so as not to become thiamine deficient. Following ingestion of this diet alone, each group was poisoned with a different lithium chloride concentration (either.05,.20,.40, or.65 M LiCl; control groups were injected with either.40 or.65 M LiCl. For 5 days following poisoning, rats received a choice between the deficient and enriched diets. The results indicated that preference for the thiamine-enriched diet was unaffected, i.e., no differential aversion accrued to this diet as a result of pairing with toxicosis. These results support a familiar-positive category of foods which form from an association with salutary effects on the organism and which are resistant to traditional regimens for effecting aversion.
Imaging in situ human kidney stones with the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact

Hyperbaric pressures of 3–100 atmospheres absolute (ATA) have been shown to reduce the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact on ex vivo human kidney stones, leading to the hypothesis that surface crevice microbubbles cause twinkling. Similarly supportive for the crevice bubble hypothesis is the suppression of kidney stone twinkling in animals breathing elevated levels of carbon dioxide. However, it is unclear whether stable microbubbles can exist on the surface of kidney stones in the human body. For the first time, we investigate the effect of hyperbaric pressure on in situ human kidney stones to determine whether stable microbubbles exist as measured by the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact.
Studies on prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer by tea

Abstract Tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, has been studied extensively in recent decades for its beneficial health effects in the prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases. Whereas these beneficial effects have been convincingly demonstrated in most laboratory studies, results from human studies have not been consistent. Some studies demonstrated that weight reduction, alleviation of metabolic syndrome and risk reduction in diabetes were only observed in individuals who consume 3–4 cups of tea (600–900 mg tea catechins) or more daily. This chapter reviews some of these studies, the possible mechanisms of actions of tea constituents, and the challenges in extrapolating laboratory studies to human situations.
Diagnosing slipped capital femoral epiphysis amongst various medical specialists.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a radiographic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)-diagnosis among medical specialists. Methods Three paediatricians, three paediatric radiologists and three paediatric orthopaedic surgeons completed two rounds of a survey of anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs of patients with a diagnosis of SCFE (25), femoroacetabular impingement (four), Legg-Calve-Perthes (11) or no hip pathology (ten). Intra- and interobserver agreement among specialties regarding the diagnosis of a SCFE were assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ). Diagnostic accuracy of SCFE relative to the benchmark, a combination of the radiographic diagnosis based on Klein’s line, clinical symptoms and surgical treatment, was assessed computing sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Results Intraobserver agreement between the surveys was moderate among paediatricians (κ-range, 0.44 to 0.52), moderate to almost perfect among orthopaedic surgeons (κ-range, ...
Promoting Inclusive Holistic Graduate Admissions in Educational Leadership Preparation Programs

Aspiring and practicing school leaders often identify graduate degrees as playing a significant role in achieving educational access and engaging in building, district-wide, regional, state, and national decision-making regarding practice and policy impacting marginalized populations in K-12 U.S. schools. The rationale behind initiating discourse on graduate student involvement grows out of current policy and reform initiatives requiring increased accountability for improved student performance, especially for children from predetermined “subgroups” due to race, class, native language, ability (i.e., emotional, social, cognitive, physical). The call for more deliberate involvement in understanding graduate admissions also arises in regard to student attrition and retention concerns. Faculty often play an under-examined role as gatekeepers throughout the admissions process. The way in which they understand graduate requirements, holistic evaluation, and merit affords opportunities to positively address significant implications for racial equity and diversity in graduate education. To understand faculty reliance upon graduate admissions criteria that undermine espoused university strategic plans, college-level diversity goals, and programmatic decision-making, four professors across the U.S. explore graduate admissions processes and the significance of implementing holistic admissions criteria. We present a holistic graduate admissions conceptual model for school leadership preparation programs to consider when increasing equity and access for minoritized candidates.
CD90 Identifies Adventitial Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells in Adult Human Medium- and Large-Sized Arteries.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reportedly exist in a vascular niche occupying the outer adventitial layer. However, these cells have not been well characterized in vivo in medium- and large-sized arteries in humans, and their potential pathological role is unknown. To address this, healthy and diseased arterial tissues were obtained as surplus surgical specimens and freshly processed. We identified that CD90 marks a rare adventitial population that co-expresses MSC markers including PDGFRα, CD44, CD73, and CD105. However, unlike CD90, these additional markers were widely expressed by other cells. Human adventitial CD90+ cells fulfilled standard MSC criteria, including plastic adherence, spindle morphology, passage ability, colony formation, and differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Phenotypic and transcriptomic profiling, as well as adoptive transfer experiments, revealed a potential role in vascular disease pathogenesis, with the transcriptomic disease signature of these cells being represented in an aortic regulatory gene network that is operative in atherosclerosis.
Verständnis als Vorbedingung zur Menschenführung

Die Industrie ist ebenso sehr eine soziale wie eine wirtschaftliche Erscheinung. Ein industrielles Unternehmen ist nicht nur eine Organisation zur Forderung wirtschaftlicher Ziele; es verkorpert zugleich eine menschliche Organisation, in welcher Hoffnungen und Wunsche von Individuen zum Ausdruck kommen wollen. Aus diesem Grund mus der Leiter eines Industriebetriebs eine doppelte Aufgabe losen, eine wirtschaftliche und eine soziale. Er mus einerseits ein Erzeugnis herstellen und gewinnbringend verkaufen und andererseits Einzelpersonen und Gruppen in wirksamer Zusammenarbeit vereinigen. Der ersten Aufgabe wurde bisher viel Beachtung geschenkt. Wissenschaftliche Kontrollmethoden wurden eingefuhrt, um die wirtschaftlichen Ziele des Unternehmens und der in ihm vereinigten Individuen zu fordern. Diese Bemuhungen sind unter dem Namen der Leistungssteigerung oder Rationalisierung bekannt. Auf dem Gebiet der personlichen Beziehungen zwischen Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer geschah demgegenuber nichts Vergleichbares Gewisse Ansatzpunkte wurden durch den gewaltigen technischen Fortschritt in der modernen Industrie vollstandig uberschattet. Ein wichtiger Grund fur dieses Misverhaltnis last sich unschwer aufzeigen. Gute Beziehungen zwischen Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer beruhen vor allem auf personlichen,. empirischen und intuitiven Fahigkeiten, die der Einzelne anwenden, aber wohl kaum erklaren kann. Sie sind im Gegensatz zu den Fahigkeiten auf technischem Gebiet anderen Menschen nur schwer zu vermitteln und sind wissenschaftlich noch wenig erforscht worden.
Photo tagging over time: A longitudinal study of the role of attention, network density, and motivations

Along with the growth in artifact sharing in online communities such as Flickr, YouTube, and Facebook comes the demand for adding descriptive meta-information, or tags. Tags help individuals to organize and communicate the content and context of their work for themselves and for others. This longitudinal study draws on research in social psychology, network theory and online communities to explain tagging over time. Our findings suggest that tagging increases as a contributor receives attention from others in the community. Further, we find that the more a user's network neighbors are connected to each other directly, the less the focal user will tend to tag his photos. However, density interacts with attention such that those who are surrounded by a dense ego network respond more to attention than others whose ego networks are sparsely interconnected. Unexpectedly, we find no direct correlation between tagging and the individual motivations of enjoyment and commitment. While commitment is not directly associated with tagging, there is an interaction effect such that the effect of commitment on tagging is positive for users with low-density ego networks and negative when a user is surrounded by a high-density network. Directions for future research as well as implications for theory and practice are discussed.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SPOUSAL EDUCATION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER MEXICAN ADULTS

The association between education and cognition is well-established. The role of spousal education has not been explored. We estimate the independent effects of own and spousal education on cognition in Mexico, a developing country experiencing rapid aging. We analyze 3,696 husband-wife dyads (age 50+) from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Summary cognitive scores for husbands and wives are factor scores derived from a single factor model and are modeled using seemingly unrelated regression. Education and cognition were correlated within couples. Having a better educated spouse was associated with better cognition above and beyond one’s own education. This remained significant even after adjustment for shared socioeconomic status, health conditions, and emotional support. In addition to one’s own education, older adults may draw cognitive benefits from their spouse’s education. Spousal education may improve cognition via shared health knowledge and cognitively stimulating environments.
Electrodes as Polarizing Functional Groups: Correlation between Hammett Parameters and Electrochemical Polarization

Bridging the concepts of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions is an important challenge in modern chemistry. Toward that end, here, we connect the homogeneous chemistry concept of the Hammett pa...
Reinforcement Learning: Connections, Surprises, and Challenge

The idea of implementing reinforcement learning in a computer was one of the earliest ideas about the possibility of AI, but reinforcement learning remained on the margin of AI until relatively recently. Today we see reinforcement learning playing essential roles in some of the most impressive AI applications. This article presents observations from the author’s personal experience with reinforcement learning over the most recent 40 years of its history in AI, focusing on striking connections that emerged between largely separate disciplines and on some of the findings that surprised him along the way. These connections and surprises place reinforcement learning in a historical context, and they help explain the success it is finding in modern AI. The article concludes by discussing some of the challenges that need to be faced as reinforcement learning moves out into real world.
A NOTE ON THE SPECTRAL RADIUS OF A PRODUCT OF COMPANION MATRICES

Conditions are given on the coefficients of the characteristic polynomials of a set of k companion matrices to ensure that the spectral radius of their product is bounded by t k where 0 < t < 1.
RNA editing alterations in a multi-ethnic Alzheimer disease cohort converge on immune and endocytic molecular pathways

Little is known about the post-transcriptional mechanisms that modulate the genetic effects in the molecular pathways underlying Alzheimer disease (AD), and even less is known about how these changes might differ across diverse populations. RNA editing, the process that alters individual bases of RNA, may contribute to AD pathogenesis due to its roles in neuronal development and immune regulation. Here, we pursued one of the first transcriptome-wide RNA editing studies in AD by examining RNA sequencing data from individuals of both African-American (AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) ethnicities. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing and RNA editing analysis were performed on peripheral blood specimens from 216 AD cases (105 AA, 111 NHW) and 212 gender matched controls (105 AA, 107 NHW). 449 positions in 254 genes and 723 positions in 371 genes were differentially edited in AA and NHW, respectively. While most differentially edited sites localized to different genes in AA and NHW populations, these events converged on the same pathways across both ethnicities, especially endocytic and inflammatory response pathways. Furthermore, these differentially edited sites were preferentially predicted to disrupt miRNA binding and induce nonsynonymous coding changes in genes previously associated with AD in molecular studies, including PAFAH1B2 and HNRNPA1. These findings suggest RNA editing is an important post-transcriptional regulatory program in AD pathogenesis.
Engaging whiteness (more) constructively: Conversations with James Cone and Frederick Herzog on the future of race and class in theology:

While Cone often recognizes that his theology lacks a proper treatment of class, he is reluctant to include it as a necessary part of his own theological discourse. Placing Frederick Herzog and Jam...
Bicruciate Total Knee Replacement

Bicruciate knee replacement is an attractive concept because it preserves rather than removes the anterior cruciate ligament and the tibial eminence. Bicruciate knee replacement is not a new procedure, but there are new bicruciate knee implant designs available. There are five key points to consider before deciding to perform a bicruciate total knee replacement:
Cell Programmed Nutrient Partitioning in the Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes transformed cancer and infiltrating immune cells1,2. Cancer cells can consume large quantities of glucose through Warburg metabolism3,4 that can be visualized with positron emission tomography (PET). While infiltrating immune cells also rely on glucose, disruptions to metabolism can contribute to tumor immunological evasion5–9. How immune cell metabolism is programmed or restrained by competition with cancer cells for nutrients, remains uncertain. Here we used PET tracers to measure the accessibility of glucose and glutamine to cell subsets in the TME. Surprisingly, myeloid cells including macrophages were the greatest consumers of intra-tumoral glucose, followed by T cells and cancer cells. Cancer cells, in contrast, had the highest glutamine uptake. This distinct nutrient partitioning was programmed through selective mTORC1 signaling and glucose or glutamine-related gene expression. Inhibition of glutamine uptake enhanced glucose uptake across tumor resident cell types and shifted macrophage phenotype, demonstrating glucose is not limiting in the TME. Thus, cancer cells are not the only cells in tumors which exhibit high glucose uptake in vivo and instead preferentially utilize glutamine over other cell types. We observe that intrinsic cellular programs can play a major role in the use of some nutrients. Together, these data argue cell selective partitioning of glucose and glutamine can be exploited to develop therapies and imaging strategies to alter the metabolic programs of specific cell populations in the TME.
Sensorless Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Using a Reduced Order Observer

The proposed control method presents a new technique to improve the reliability and controllability for driving permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems. This paper presents a new sensorless control method for permanent magnet synchronous motors based on a reduced order observer. In this paper, first the PMSM drive system is modeled. Then the proposed reduced order observer is introduced, and its practical implementation is discussed. Finally, preliminary hardware-in-the-loop results are provided to validate the operation of the proposed method.
Treadmill Based Three Tether Parallel Robot for Evaluating Auditory Warnings While Running

We design and test a 3 DoF parallel cable system capable of applying precise and accurate impulses to walking and running subjects for the University of Utah’s Treadport Active Wind Tunnel (TPAWT). Using Nexus VICON motion capture and gait algorithms, perturbations can be applied at different points in the subject’s gait. The use of a PID force controller allow the system to create omnidirectional perturbations with walking and running subjects while having the capability to vary amplitude and direction of perturbations. Analysis is presented of the workspace of the large treadmill to test whether the workspace available to activate these perturbations is safe. This paper reports the efficacy of the system and evaluates how warning a runner before impact may affect their displacement. Participants experienced 48 perturbations while running applied with a random combination of a front/back/left/right impact at either toe-off or mid-stance with or without warning. A two sample T-test reveals that warning a runner before impact significantly reduced the magnitude they were displaced for both toe-off (t(46) = 4.98 p<.001) and mid-stance (t(46) = 3.44, p = .001).
Long-Term Performance of a Curved Box Girder Viaduct

AbstractDeformations due to environmental and mechanical loads in curved bridges can lead to fairly complex long-term effects. Instead of the one-dimensional longitudinal movement that occur in str...
Juvenile-onset motor polyneuropathy in Siberian cats.

Background Polyneuropathies are infrequently described in cats. There is a genetic predisposition in several breeds. Objective To clinically characterize a novel motor polyneuropathy in a family of Siberian cats. Animals Thirteen closely related Siberian cats, 4 clinically affected and 9 clinically unaffected individuals. Methods Retrospective study. Clinical data and pedigree information were obtained from the medical records and breeder. Electrodiagnostic testing and muscle and peripheral nerve biopsy samples were obtained from 1 affected cat. Follow-up information was obtained for all affected cats. Results Onset of signs was 4 to 10 months in affected cats. Clinical signs were progressive or waxing/waning neuromuscular weakness (4/4), normal sensory function (4/4), and variably decreased withdrawal reflexes (3/4). All cats returned to normal neurologic function within 1 to 4 weeks. All cats had a recurrence of weakness (3/4 had 1 recurrent episode, 1/4 had 3 relapses) from which they recovered fully. In 1 cat, electromyography and motor nerve conduction studies showed multicentric spontaneous activity, normal motor nerve conduction velocity, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, and polyphasia. Histologic evaluation of muscle and nerve in that cat showed mild muscle atrophy consistent with recent denervation, endoneurial and perineurial edema, and mild mononuclear cell infiltration within intramuscular nerve branches and a peripheral nerve. Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although neither a genetically complex/polygenic condition nor an acquired inflammatory polyneuropathy can be ruled-out. Conclusions and clinical importance We describe a motor polyneuropathy in juvenile Siberian cats characterized by self-limiting weakness with potential relapse.
Venoarterial to venovenous extracorporeal life support conversion in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.

In patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) and hemodynamic compromise who need venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal life support (ECLS), we have adopted a strategy to promot...
Modeling of triaxial induction logging responses in multilayered anisotropic formations

ABSTRACTTriaxial induction logging tools have been widely applied to formation characterization due to their sensitivity to electric anisotropy. To model triaxial induction logs in multilayered gen...
How Students Unit Test: Perceptions, Practices, and Pitfalls

Unit testing is reported as one of the skills that graduating students lack, yet it is an essential skill for professional software developers. Understanding the challenges students face during testing can help inform practices for software testing education. To that end, we conduct an exploratory study to reveal students' perceptions of unit testing and challenges students encounter when practicing unit testing. We surveyed 54 students from two universities and gave them two testing tasks, one involving black-box test design and one involving white-box test implementation. For the tasks, we used two software projects from prior work in studying test-first development among software developers. We quantitatively analyzed the survey responses and test code properties, and qualitatively identified the mistakes and smells in the test code. We further report on our experience running this study with students. Our results regarding student perceptions show that students believe code coverage is the most important outcome for test suites. For testing practices, most students were ineffective in finding known defects. This may be due to the task design and/or challenges with understanding the source code. For testing pitfalls, we identified six test smells from student-written test code; the most common were ignoring setups in the test code and testing happy path only. These results suggest the students needed more introduction to these common testing concepts and practices in advance of the study activity. Through this experience, we have identified testing concepts that require emphasis for more effective future studies on testing behavior among students.
Reforming Foreclosure: The Uniform Nonjudicial Foreclosure Act

The Uniform Nonjudicial Foreclosure Act is one of the few creative approaches to mortgage foreclosure to emerge in many decades. In this Article, the authors examine why uniformity in foreclosure law among the states in desirable and, accordingly, advocate foreclosure reform. They analyze the Act, promulgated in 2002, giving specific attention to the Act's new methods of foreclosure by negotiated sale and by appraisal. They also examine the Act's numerous special protections for residential debtors and consider the effectiveness of the Act's procedures concerning subordinate leases, titles arising from foreclosures, surpluses and deficiencies resulting from foreclosures, and fairness of foreclosure prices. They conclude that the Act is fair and well balanced as between creditors and debtors and that it has the potential to make foreclosures more efficient, benefiting all affected parties. Finally, they argue that because a critical mass of state legislatures likely will not adopt the Act, Congress should consider enacting it as a federal statute. Copyright © 2004 by Grant S. Nelson and Dale A. Whitman. f Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles. Professor Nelson is grateful to Philip Lerch for his excellent research assistance on this Article. tt Professor of Law, University of Missouri-Columbia. Professor Whitman is grateful to Rhiana Sharp for her excellent research assistance on this Article. HeinOnline -53 Duke L.J. 1399 2003-2004
Severe acute liver injury associated with Yersinia enterocolitica.

Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes foodborne illnesses, typically characterised by acute febrile gastroenteritis and is associated with a variety of manifestations. Isolated febrile illness without gastrointestinal symptoms is rare. We report a case of Y. enterocolitica infection with severe anicteric hepatitis. A 33-year-old Chinese man with no significant medical history presented on multiple occasions to the emergency department with recurrent high-grade fever and chills, but without gastrointestinal symptoms. Hepatic panel showed rising transaminases that peaked at Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) of 991 U/L and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) of 1664 U/L. CT of the abdomen revealed terminal ileitis and mesenteric adenitis. As part of workup, we found positive serology for Y. enterocolitica. Ultimately, he improved with supportive care. This case highlights the importance of thorough workup of terminal ileitis and ‘Crohn’s mimics’ which ultimately revealed a unifying diagnosis; and an important addition to the workup for undifferentiated severe isolated hepatocellular liver injury.