cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
E2F6 Associates with BRG1 in Transcriptional Regulation

The E2F6 protein functions as an Rb-independent repressor of gene transcription. We have previously provided evidence suggesting a role for E2F6 in repression of E2F-responsive genes at S phase. Here, we have identified BRG1, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, as an E2F6 interacting protein. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that BRG1 binds specifically to E2F6 and E2F4 but not the activator E2Fs. E2F6 was also able to interact with BAF155, a BRG1-associated factor, in the SWI/SNF complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate the binding of BRG1 coincident with E2F6 on G1/S gene promoters during S phase. Collectively, our studies suggest that E2F6 may recruit BRG1 in transcriptional regulation of genes important for G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle.
Goal-directed diuresis: A case - control study of continuous furosemide infusion in critically ill trauma patients

Background: Excessive crystalloid administration is common and associated with negative outcomes in critically ill trauma patients. Continuous furosemide infusion (CFI) to remove excessive fluid has not been previously described in this population. We hypothesized that a goal-directed CFI is more effective for fluid removal than intermittent bolus injection (IBI) diuresis without excess incidence of hypokalemia or renal failure. Materials and Methods: CFI cases were prospectively enrolled between November 2011 and August 2012, and matched to historic IBI controls by age, gender, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and net fluid balance (NFB) at diuresis initiation. Paired and unpaired analyses were performed to compare groups. The primary endpoints were net fluid balance, potassium and creatinine levels. Secondary endpoints included intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), ventilator-free days (VFD), and mortality. Results: 55 patients were included, with 19 cases and 36 matched controls. Mean age was 54 years, mean ISS was 32.7, and mean initial NFB was +7.7 L. After one day of diuresis with CFI vs. IBI, net 24 h fluid balance was negative (−0.55 L vs. +0.43 L, P = 0.026) only for the CFI group, and there was no difference in potassium and creatinine levels. Cumulative furosemide dose (59.4mg vs. 25.4mg, P < 0.001) and urine output (4.2 L vs. 2.8 L, P < 0.001) were also significantly increased with CFI vs. IBI. There were no statistically significant differences in ICU LOS, hospital LOS, VFD, or mortality. Conclusions: Compared to IBI, goal-directed diuresis by CFI is more successful in achieving net negative fluid balance in patients with fluid overload with no detrimental side effects on renal function or patient outcome.
Rapid Oxime and Hydrazone Ligations with Aromatic Aldehydes for Biomolecular Labeling

A high-yielding and rapid chemoselective ligation approach is presented that uses aniline catalysis to activate aromatic aldehydes toward two amine nucleophiles, namely, 6-hydrazinopyridyl and aminooxyacetyl groups. The rates of these ligations are resolved for model reactions with unprotected peptides. The resulting hydrazone and oxime conjugates are attained under ambient conditions with rate constants of 101−103 M−1 s−1. These rate constants exceed those of current chemoselective ligation chemistries and enable efficient labeling of peptides and proteins at low μM concentrations, at neutral pH, without using a large excess of one of the components. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by the p-fluorobenzylation of human serum albumin and by the fluorescent labeling of an unprotected peptide with Alexa Fluor 488.
Multispectral image processing of temperature sensitive tracer particles

Abstract The background theory for the measurement of colour recorded by cine photography is reviewed and applied in the colour/temperature calibration of temperature sensitive, liquid crystal tracer particles. Two calibrations are presented; the first is based upon linear least squares regression of the transmittance vector with temperature; the second, based upon relative exposures and an exposure ratio vector using linear least square regression. Although the second calibration had a poorer fit, it had fewer terms and generated constant temperature contour lines of the expected shape, approaching a colourless point.
Rare ocular manifestation in a case of West Nile virus meningoencephalitis

West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus, which causes flu-like illness and is sporadically associated with encephalitis. Transmission to humans occurs following a bite from an infected mosquito, which acquires the virus after feeding on dead birds. WNV meningoencephalitis is a rare infection with a neuroinvasive disease occurring in less than 1% of the cases, with varied presentations including aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Chorioretinitis is the most common eye finding in this infection, while other ocular manifestations have been rarely reported in the literature. We present the first case report of WNV meningoencephalitis, with rare ocular manifestations of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages, and nystagmus. The rare ocular findings of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages, and nystagmus diagnosed in our case can guide clinicians toward early diagnosis of WNV meningoencephalitis, while serologic testing is still pending.
Toward a unified analysis for source plane-wave migration

In complex areas with large lateral velocity variations, wave-equation-based source plane-wave migration can produce images comparable to those from shot-profile migration, with less computational cost. Image quality can be better than in ray-theory-based Kirchhoff-type methods. This method requires the composition of plane-wave sections from all shot gathers. We provide a general framework to evaluate plane-wave composition in prestack source plane-wave migration. Our analysis shows that a plane-wave section can be treated as encoded shot gathers. This study provides the theoretical justification for applying plane-wave migration algorithms to sparsely sampled shot gathers with irregularly distributed receivers and limited offset. In addition, we discuss cylindrical-wave migration, which is 3D migration of 2D-constructed plane waves along the inline direction. We mathematically prove the equivalence of shot and plane-wave migration, and their equivalence to cylindrical wave migration in 3D cases when the sail lines are straight. Examples (including the Sigsbee 2A model) demonstrate the theory.
Learning disabled and nondisabled children's performance on serial recall tasks: The facilitating effect of knowledge

Abstract Learning disabled (LD) and nondisabled (NonLD) children's memory span was assessed using lists of items that varied both in length and familiarity (digits, unfamiliar faces, familiar faces). Fifty boys in grades four through six, half of whom were identified as learning disabled, participated in the experiment. Both the LD and NonLD children recalled more items in the digit and familiar faces conditions than in the unfamiliar faces condition, demonstrating the importance of knowledge base in children's serial recall. of greater importance, however, was the difference between the LD and NonLD children for the three types of stimuli. NonLD children showed a recall advantage compared to their LD peers for digits and unfamiliar faces, but not for familiar faces. The results are interpreted as demonstrating the facilitating effect of knowledge on memory, particularly for learning impaired children.
Selfish caching in distributed systems: a game-theoretic analysis

We analyze replication of resources by server nodes that act selfishly, using a game-theoretic approach. We refer to this as the selfish caching problem. In our model, nodes incur either cost for replicating resources or cost for access to a remote replica. We show the existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria and investigate the price of anarchy, which is the relative cost of the lack of coordination. The price of anarchy can be high due to undersupply problems, but with certain network topologies it has better bounds. With a payment scheme the game can always implement the social optimum in the best case by giving servers incentive to replicate.
Influence of systematic increases in treadmill walking speed on gait kinematics after stroke.

Background Fast treadmill training improves walking speed to a greater extent than training at a self-selected speed after stroke. It is unclear whether fast treadmill walking facilitates a more normal gait pattern after stroke, as has been suggested for treadmill training at self-selected speeds. Given the massed stepping practice that occurs during treadmill training, it is important for therapists to understand how the treadmill speed selected influences the gait pattern that is practiced on the treadmill. Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of systematic increases in treadmill speed on common gait deviations observed after stroke. Design A repeated-measures design was used. Methods Twenty patients with stroke walked on a treadmill at their self-selected walking speed, their fastest speed, and 2 speeds in between. Using a motion capture system, spatiotemporal gait parameters and kinematic gait compensations were measured. Results Significant improvements in paretic- and nonparetic-limb step length and in single- and double-limb support were found. Asymmetry of these measures improved only for step length. Significant improvements in paretic hip extension, trailing limb position, and knee flexion during swing also were found as speed increased. No increases in circumduction or hip hiking were found with increasing speed. Limitations Caution should be used when generalizing these results to survivors of a stroke with a self-selected walking speed of less than 0.4 m/s. This study did not address changes with speed during overground walking. Conclusions Faster treadmill walking facilitates a more normal walking pattern after stroke, without concomitant increases in common gait compensations, such as circumduction. The improvements in gait deviations were observed with small increases in walking speed.
Toward Excellence in Testosterone Testing: A Consensus Statement

Background: Testosterone assays are widely used. However, deficiencies in these assays limit their broad and effective implementation and threaten the health of those patients whose medical care relies upon its accurate measurement. Furthermore, the translation of research findings into information useful for patient care, such as new evidence-based clinical guidelines, is not possible unless both research and clinical assays are held to higher standards than are currently required. A group of concerned stakeholders was convened to address this problem. Methods: Representatives of multiple professional societies, government, and industry, having a stake in ensuring that testosterone levels are measured accurately and reliably, met to identify goals, objectives, and actions necessary to bring about the standardization of assays for testosterone. Results: To ensure highly accurate testosterone testing that will result in improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease through the use of standardize...
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Leptin Signaling in the Failing and Mechanically Unloaded Human Heart”

Response: In response to our publication, Drs Macrea and Martin pointed out the potential role of hypoxia in regulating leptin expression in the failing human heart. Some degree of tissue ischemia, hypoxia, and the increased generation of reactive oxygen species are a likely occurrence in the failing human heart regardless of ischemic or nonischemic etiology.1 As Drs Macrea and Martin discuss, hypoxia induces expression …
Metamorphic and non-conventional ‘buffer’ layers

The integration of large lattice mismatch materials through epitaxial growth requires the introduction of a controlled interface or transitional region, often referred to as a buffer layer. These, often relatively thick, transitional layers allow for a change in lattice parameter and a reduction in the threading dislocation density attributed to the required mismatch dislocations in the strain-relaxed materials. New designs for these transitional layers are emerging which allow for a reduction in buffer layer thickness, smoother morphology, and lower threading dislocation densities. These metamorphic buffer layers allowed the development of devices accessing new ranges of performance and, in the case of optical devices, wavelength regimes. The reduction of the buffer layer to a ‘single interface’ may be possible through the use of nano-patterning and advanced processing which provides control over the initial phases of nucleation and strain relaxation.
Opera as Epistemological Indigeneity: TC Cannon's A Remembered Muse

: [anthropology works, AAA Committee on Practicing, Applied and Public Interest Anthropology, Tosca]
Mindfulness Ameliorates the Relationship between Weight Concerns and Smoking Behavior in Female Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Investigation

Weight concerns are common among female smokers and may interfere with smoking cessation. It is imperative to identify protective factors to lessen the likelihood that smoking-related weight concerns prompt smoking and hinder cessation efforts. Mindfulness is one potential protective factor that might prevent weight concerns from triggering smoking. In the current study, relationships among facets of trait mindfulness, smoking-related weight concerns, and smoking behavior were examined among 112 young adult female smokers (70.5 % daily smokers; 83 % Caucasian; mean age 20 [SD = 1.69]). After controlling for demographic variables, the describing facet of trait mindfulness predicted lower smoking-related weight concerns. The mindfulness characteristics of acting with awareness, nonreactivity, and describing moderated the relationship between smoking-related weight concerns and smoking frequency, such that smoking-related weight concerns predicted greater smoking frequency in female smokers with low and medium levels of these mindfulness characteristics, but did not in those with higher levels of mindfulness. These results suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may be effective for weight-concerned smokers.
A Simplified Method for Monitoring and Calibrating Refrigerator Alarm Systems

A method to modify existing temperature alarm systems on blood bank refrigerators is described. This provides an accurate and convenient method for monitoring the temperature alarm system outside of the refrigerator.
The Effects of Neomycin and Oxytetracycline Alone or Combined Upon the Incidence of Salmonellosis in Broiler Chickens

Chickens were orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium and fed rations medicated with either 200 g/ton neomycin sulfate, 200 g/ton oxytetracycline, or a combination of 200 g/ton neomycin sulfate plus 200 g/ton oxytetracycline for 16 days. The incidence of salmonellosis was lower in chickens fed the combined antibiotics, and the numbers of viable S. typhimurium in feces were significantly fewer than in chickens receiving only one antibiotic. Chickens fed the combination also gained significantly more weight on less feed than those fed only one antibiotic.
Trade-off of lossless source coding error exponents

We consider the lossless encoding of two simultaneous sources. The encoder may choose to discriminate against one source and hence the error exponents for the two sources can be different. The goal of this paper is to understand the region of achievable error-exponent pairs for lossless source coding. In the fixed-block-length case, the error exponent region is completely characterized and is found to be relatively trivial. However, in the streaming context, it is shown that there exists a non-trivial trade-off between the two error exponents. Both an inner bound and an outer bound are given for that case, but they do not match. The outer bound comes from a multi-stream version of the uncertainty-focusing bound.
An integrated system for autonomous off-road navigation

In this paper, we report on experiments with a core system for autonomous navigation in outdoor natural terrain. The system consists of three parts: a perception module which processes range images to identify untraversable regions of the terrain, a local map management module which maintains a representation of the environment in the vicinity of the vehicle, and a planning module which issues commands to the vehicle controller. Our approach uses reactive planning for generating commands to drive the vehicle along with "early traversability evaluation," in which the perception module decides which parts of the terrain are traversable as soon as a new image is taken. We argue that our approach leads to a robust and efficient navigation system. We illustrate our approach by an experiment in which a vehicle travelled autonomously for one kilometer through unmapped cross-country terrain. >
Epitaxial Formation and Characterization of CeO2 Films

Epitaxial and textured ceria (CeO2) films have been prepared by electron beam evaporation on (001) LaAlO3, (11 02) sapphire, (001) Au, and (001) Pd substrates using either ceria or metallic cerium as sources. Both the deposition temperature and the deposition rate were varied to determine their effects on the microstructure of CeO2 films. It was found that CeO2 films grew epitaxially on sapphire within the deposition rate of 0.5A/s, starting at a temperature of 650°C, while for epitaxial CeO2 on LaAlO3, the deposition temperature could be as low as 600°C with a deposition rate as high as 1.0A/s. On (001) Au substrate, only (001) textured film can be fabricated between 580°C and 700°C at a deposition rate from 0.3 to 1.0A/s. On (001) Pd substrates, mixtures of textured and epitaxial films were achieved at a deposition rate of 0.2–0.5A/S in the 700°C to 750°C temperature range.
Electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers

Abstract High energy electron (1.0–2.55 MeV) irradiation was used to modify the phase transitional behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymers in an attempt to significantly improve the electromechanical properties of the copolymers. It is found that the copolymers under a proper irradiation treatment exhibit very little room temperature polarization hysteresis and very large electrostrictive strain (the longitudinal strain of −5% can be achieved). Because of the large anisotropy in the strain responses along and perpendicular to the polymer chain, the transverse strain can be tuned over a broad range by varying the film stretching condition. For unstretched films, the magnitude of transverse strain is approximately about/less than 1/3 of that of the longitudinal strain, and for stretched films, the transverse strain along the stretching direction is comparable to the longitudinal strain. In addition to the high strain response, the irradiated copolymers also possess high elastic energy density and mechanical load capability as indicated by the relatively high elastic modulus of the copolymer and the high strain response of the transverse strain even under 40 MPa tensile stress. The high strain and high elastic modulus of the irradiated copolymer also result in an improved electromechanical coupling factor where the transverse coupling factor of 0.45 has been observed. The frequency dependence of the strain response was also characterized up to near 100 kHz and the results show that the high electromechanical response can be maintained to high frequencies. Several unimorph actuators were fabricated using the modified copolymer and the test results demonstrate high performance of the devices due to the high strain and high load capability of the material.
Effects of Corn Silage Hybrid and Dietary Concentration of Forage NDF on Digestibility and Performance by Dairy Cows

Eight intact multiparous cows and four ruminally and duodenally cannulated primiparous cows were fed four diets in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design: 1) 17% forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS), 2) 21% forage NDF with BMRCS, 3) 17% forage NDF with conventional corn silage (CCS), and 4) 21% forage NDF with CCS. Diets contained 17.4% crude protein and 38.5% NDF. Each period consisted of 4 wk for intact cows and 2 wk for cannulated cows. For intact cows, DM intake was higher for BMRCS than CCS, and milk urea N was higher for 21 than 17% forage NDF. Milk protein yield tended to be higher and milk urea N lower for cows fed BMRCS than those fed CCS. Milk yield and milk protein percentage were similar among treatments. For the cannulated cows, ruminal mat consistency was similar among treatments. Based on a 72 h in situ incubation, BMRCS was lower in indigestible NDF than CCS. The BMRCS resulted in a higher proportion of ruminal propionate than CCS. Cows fed 21% forage NDF had a higher proportion of acetate and a lower proportion of propionate than cows fed 17% forage NDF. The total tract digestibility of nutrients and efficiency of bacterial N synthesis were similar among treatments, except that BMRCS resulted in lower intestinal fatty acid digestibility than CCS, and 17% forage NDF tended to result in higher total tract fatty acid digestibility than 21% forage NDF. Ruminal NDF digestibility was similar among dietary treatments. The increased milk production observed from feeding BMRCS in some studies may be explained by higher DM intake rather than increased total tract digestibility of the diets.
Selective Cine Coronary Arteriography Correlated with the Hemodynamic Response to Physical Stress

The degree of radiologic abnormality of the coronary arterial circulation due to atherosclerosis, as detected by selective coronary cine arteriography, correlated well with certain hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing a measured amount of supine leg exercise. Notable among these were a rise in pulmonary artery pressure above the normal response level and cardiac index below the expected level. Although the incidence and date of onset of angina pectoris agreed in general with the severity of the radiologic changes, enough exception was encountered to suggest that factors in addition to those detected by coronary visualization contribute to the genesis of angina pectoris in some patients. Coronary atherosclerosis, which causes an estimated 25 per cent narrowing of major coronary vessels, may be clinically "silent" when the exercise electrocardiogram is used as the diagnostic end point.
The effects of applied magnetic fields on the α/γ phase boundary in the Fe–Si system

The CALPHAD (calculations of phase diagrams) method is used to examine the effects of applied magnetic fields on the α/γ phase boundary in the Fe–Si system in the paramagnetic state. The reported susceptibility data for pure Fe is first re-evaluated. The contributions to the total Gibbs energy of the ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) from the external fields are calculated based on the Curie–Weiss law and the re-evaluated susceptibility data. The Fe–Si phase diagram on the Fe-rich side as a function of applied field is calculated using the Thermo-Calc™ package. With increasing field strength, the γ loop shrinks monotonically; that is, the α/γ-Fe transition temperature increases while that for γ/δ-Fe transition decreases, albeit more slowly. Finally, in conformance with the existing CALPHAD databank, Redlich–Kister polynomials are proposed to account for the compositional and temperature dependence of the contribution to the total Gibbs energy from the applied field in the paramagnetic state in the range over which the Curie–Weiss law is obeyed.
Role of Activated Macrophages in Resistance of Mice to Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

The role of the activated macrophage in resistance of mice to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated with use of mice that had not been infected with T. cruzi but whose macrophages were activated by Toxoplasma gondii or Besnoitia jellisoni. Mice with activated macrophages were significantly more resistant to intraperitoneal challenge with the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi than were controls. The role of serum factors in resistance to T. cruzi was excluded by the demonstration of no difference between survival of T. cruzi in serum from mice with activated macrophages and in that from controls. As the only modality of resistance to T. cruzi in this in vivo model appeared to be the activated macrophage, this cell was investigated in vitro. Activated macrophages were shown to be able to inhibit completely multiplication of T. cruzi, whereas significant multiplication of the parasite occurred in control macrophages. Both in vivo and in vitro data suggest that the activated macrophage may play a major role in resistance to infection with T. cruzi. Despite extensive investigation, the role of cellmediated immunity and more specifically of its effector arm, the macrophage, in resistance to in
Toward a quantum chromodynamical derivation of nuclear physics.

The connection between the strong-coupling approximation to quantum chromodynamics and nuclear properties observed at low and medium energies and momentum transfer is examined. The strong-coupling approximation to quantum chromodynamics indicates that, for nuclei, the Pauli principle is obeyed at the hadronic level, so that quarks in different hadrons are treated as distinguishable objects. Furthermore, the gluonic effects of flux-tube rearrangement are small. Instead, a more significant strong-coupling approximation to quantum chromodynamics string-breaking term leads to meson emission from baryons. This mechanism is used to compute meson-nucleon and delta coupling constants and form factors. Qualitative agreement with experiment is achieved. Thus the strong-coupling approximation to quantum chromodynamics reproduces the salient features of the meson-baryon picture of low momentum transfer nuclear physics.
Why FRET? Focus on “β-Adrenergic and muscarinic receptor-induced changes in cAMP activity in adult cardiac myocytes using a FRET-based biosensor”

fluorescence imaging of cAMP in single cells was first described in Roger Tsien's laboratory in 1991 ([1][1]). The ability to perform real-time imaging of signaling pathways in living cells has been a major advance in cell biology and physiology. The standard approach has been microinjection of
Oral Contraceptives in the United States: Trends in Content and Potency

Data from the National Prescription Audit a nationwide pharmaceutical marketing research data base were reviewed to study changes in the type of oral contraceptives marketed in the U.S. their content and their relative oestrogen and progestin potency over the 21-year time period of 1964-84. Three major types and 42 brands of oral contraceptives were marketed in the U.S. during this time period....A comprehensive classification listing all 42 brands of oral contraceptives by content and strength is presented....Over the time period studied oral contraceptives have evolved from high strength high potency drugs to much lower strength lower potency drugs. The epidemiological implications of these shifts in oral contraceptive content and potency are discussed. (EXCERPT)
Association of prone position with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

Objective: To examine the association between prone position and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on a literature search from databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using keywords “SUDEP” or “sudden unexpected death in epilepsy” or “sudden unexplained death syndromes in epilepsy.” Twenty-five publications met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. Results: Body positions were documented in 253 cases of SUDEP. Of these patients, 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65.7%, 80.9%) died in the prone position, whereas 26.7% (95% CI = 16.3%, 37.1%) died in nonprone positions. Binary random-effects analysis showed that prone position is significantly associated with SUDEP, as compared with nonprone position ( p p = 0.009). Conclusion: There is a significant association between prone position and SUDEP, which suggests that prone position is a major risk factor for SUDEP, particularly in patients aged 40 years and younger. As such, SUDEP may share mechanisms similar to sudden infant death syndrome.
Gene-Environment Interaction in Psychological Traits and Disorders

There has been an explosion of interest in studying gene-environment interactions (GxE) as they relate to the development of psychopathology. In this article, I review different methodologies to study gene-environment interaction, providing an overview of methods from animal and human studies and illustrations of gene-environment interactions detected using these various methodologies. Gene-environment interaction studies that examine genetic influences as modeled latently (e.g., from family, twin, and adoption studies) are covered, as well as studies of measured genotypes. Importantly, the explosion of interest in gene-environment interactions has raised a number of challenges, including difficulties with differentiating various types of interactions, power, and the scaling of environmental measures, which have profound implications for detecting gene-environment interactions. Taking research on gene-environment interactions to the next level will necessitate close collaborations between psychologists an...
The Study of Meteorites: Sources, Bibliographies, and History

A number of techniques have been applied to the measurement of the properties of meteorites. Some techniques are more accurate than others for the measurement of a given property. These differences in resolving power are very important in the evaluation of data on meteorites. Space and time limitations have not permitted me to discuss each technique in detail. I have, however, in the following chapters, commented on the relative accuracies of certain techniques, and occasionally, on the special competence of certain research teams. I hope that these value judgements are objective.
Tables of Physical Constants of Rubbers

Abstract Where a range is given, available observations differ. In most cases the differences are thought to be real, arising from differences in the rubber specimens, rather than from errors of observation. Where a single value is given, it is either because no other observations are available or because there seems to be no significant disagreement among values within the errors of observation. Where no value is given, no data have been found. Where dashes are shown, either the physical measurement is impossible or the constant in question is not adequately defined under the given conditions. Values are given, in most instances, in terms of the units used by the respective authors. Where the calorie has been used, it may be defined, with sufficient accuracy for the purposes of these tables, as the thermochemical calorie, which is equal to 4.1840 joules. The kilogram weight is taken as 980.665 dynes (0.00980665 newton). Values are given for 25° C and 1 bar (=106dyne cm2=106newton m−2), equivalent to 0.98...
Unification of Static and Dynamic Analyses to Enable Vectorization

Modern compilers execute sophisticated static analyses to enable optimization across a wide spectrum of code patterns. However, there are many cases where even the most sophisticated static analysis is insufficient or where the computation complexity makes complete static analysis impractical. It is often possible in these cases to discover further opportunities for optimization from dynamic profiling and provide this information to the compiler, either by adding directives or pragmas to the source, or by modifying the source algorithm or implementation. For current and emerging generations of chips, vectorization is one of the most important of these optimizations. This paper defines, implements, and applies a systematic process for combining the information acquired by static analysis by modern compilers with information acquired by a targeted, high-resolution, low-overhead dynamic profiling tool to enable additional and more effective vectorization. Opportunities for more effective vectorization are frequent and the performance gains obtained are substantial: we show a geometric mean across several benchmarks of over 1.5x in speedup on the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor.
Trackable surfaces

We introduce a novel approach for real-time non-rigid surface acquisition based on tracking quad marked surfaces. The color-identified quad arrangement allows for automatic feature correspondence, tracking initialization, and simplifies 3D reconstruction. We present a prototype implementation of our approach together with several examples of acquired surface motions.
Pollination, angiosperm speciation, and the nature of species boundaries

Despite much recent research on pollination, we have amassed relatively little hard information about how animal pollinators contribute to angiosperm speciation and species distinctiveness. We usually assume that pollinators make important contributions by specializing on plant species and providing differences upon which plants specialize. But evidence for generalization in many plant-pollinator interactions calls this assumption into question. Generalization makes strong floral isolation unlikely during and after the speciation process, and is seen by some workers as problematical for a scenario of pollinator-mediated disruptive selection leading to species formation. The time is ripe to initiate several lines of further research. It will be valuable to characterize selection on plants more carefully at various spatial scales to understand whether different suites of pollinators can affect consistent selection in different directions on floral characteristics. Similarly, it will be valuable to explore how reproductive isolation arises within and among populations, races, and higher taxa of plants. Even if they are not strong agents of floral isolation, pollinators may contribute to the evolution of reproductive isolation in other ways, which largely remain to be discovered. One possibility is that reproductive isolation evolves more or less independently of diversification in reproductive characteristics. If so, floral adaptation may not be tightly coupled with the formation of biological species in angiosperms, as is often supposed.
WITS - the revolution begins (Abstract only)

The effective collection and dissemination of real-time data is critical for the efficient operation of water networks and environmental monitoring. The 18 Water Management Organisations who sponsor the WITS project aim to improve the cost-effectiveness of telemetry and SCADA systems through development of a standard data transmission protocol to meet 21st century needs. This project is now reaching a crucial milestone, with compatible products from six suppliers due for release this year. This could transform your approach to the collection of asset information.
Serum cholesterol in man and the unsaponifiable fraction of corn oil in the diet.

Summary1) Comparison of corn oil with 4 other oils of the linoleic-oleic acid type consistently indicated that corn oil in the diet produced slightly lower serum cholesterol values than those predicted, on the basis of fatty acid composition, by the multiple regression equation previously described. The mean discrepancy in 4 sets of switchback dietary comparisons with 13 to 25 men each and using 100 g of each oil in the daily diet was 9 mg/100 ml. 2) The source of this discrepancy was sought by feeding in a switchback experiment a daily supplement containing 0.88 g of unsaponifiable matter from corn oil, equivalent to that in 55 g of corn oil, added to a diet containing 140 g of fat of which 100 g was a mixture of safflower and cottonseed oils imitating corn oil. 3) Addition of unsaponifiable matter produced a mean decrease of 3.2 mg of cholesterol/100 ml of serum. Although this effect is statistically non-significant, it matches the discrepancy observed in the earlier comparisons. It is concluded that th...
Room-Temperature Strength and Fracture Toughness of β-Sialon (z=1)-SiC Composite Fabricated from Aluminum-iso-Propoxide, α-Si3N4 and β-SiC

β-sialon (z=1)-SiC (50mass%) composite was fabricated by hot-pressing a spray-dried mixture of α-Si3N4, SiC and aluminum-iso-propoxide solution. The bending strength and fracture toughness (KIC) of sinterd bodies were investigated by comparing with β-sialon (z=1) without SiC. Both strength and KIC were increased from 1000 to 1560MPa and 3.5 to 4.5MPa·m1/2 by SiC addition, respectively. About a half of tested specimens fractured from internal defects and the other fractured from surface flaws. The strength of the specimens which fractured from internal defects increased from 1180 to 1580MPa. This value coincided with that derived from the equation KIC=σfY√c, due to the same size of defects as fracture origins (c). In case of the specimens which fractured from surface flaws, the strength increased from 900 to 1540MPa. The increase in KIC presumably resulted in decreasing the size of machining flaws as fracture origins. It was considered that as the transgranular fracture occurred in the β-sialon matrix of this composite, homogeneously dispersed SiC particles immediately brought small crack deflection. This might be a reason for increase in both strength and KIC.
OVERFLOW Analysis of the DLR-F11 Configuration from HiLiftPW-2 Including Transition Modeling

The OVERFLOW Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver has been used to predicted the aerodynamic characteristics of the DLR-F11 high-lift configuration for the conditions prescribed in the second AIAA computational fluid dynamics High-Lift Prediction Workshop. A grid convergence study is performed for the geometry with the slat and flap brackets excluded. The influence of including the brackets in the computational geometry is considered, and the effects of varying Reynolds number are analyzed for the brackets-on configuration. An optional case of the workshop, but a focus of this paper, is the inclusion of laminar-turbulent transition in the solutions. Two CFD-compatible transition models are used for the analysis, and their behaviors are discussed. A turbulence model verification study, which was an optional case for the workshop, is also included.
Effectiveness of Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice to Improve Motor Function of People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), many people experience significant motor function impairments. To help occupational therapy practitioners make informed decisions in choosing treatment strategies to improve clients' motor function, we undertook a systematic review and synthesized applicable findings of intervention studies. Of 2,306 articles identified in the literature search, we reviewed 47 full-text articles, of which 16 met approved criteria. We found moderate evidence that various exercise programs increase motor function and limited evidence that people with TBI can benefit from rehabilitation and computer-based programs. We offer implications for practice, education, and research.
Droperidol Stability in Intravenous Admixtures

The stability and compatibility of droperidol in small-volume i.v. admixtures was assessed. Droperidol was diluted to a nominal concentration of 1 mg/50 ml in 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and lactated Ringer's injection in type I glass bottles and polyvinyl chloride bags. Triplicate samples of each admixture were stored under continuous illumination at 27 +/- 2 degrees C. Specimens from each sample were tested by spectrophotometric assay at intervals during storage periods of up to 272 hours for admixtures containing 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection and up to 168 hours for admixtures containing lactated Ringer's injection. Between 48 and 168 hours of storage, a 7% increase was observed in droperidol concentration in 0.9% sodium chloride admixtures in polyvinyl chloride bags. A 24% decrease in droperidol concentration in lactated Ringer's admixtures in polyvinyl chloride bags between 24 and 168 hours was attributed to sorption of droperidol by the plastic container. In all admixtures except those containing lactated Ringer's injection in polyvinyl chloride bags, droperidol concentrations throughout the storage period were within 10% of initial concentrations. Droperidol is stable in the admixtures studied for 7 to 10 days in glass bottles. In polyvinyl chloride bags, concentrations in admixtures containing 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection are stable for seven days, but concentrations decrease significantly in lactated Ringer's admixtures.
Fast Adaptive Filter Algorithm Based on Overlapping Storage

To improve convergence speed and accuracy of LMS algorithm,the paper proposes fast adaptive filter algorithm based on overlapping storage.Use a fast convolution technique of the overlapping storage method to achieve fast Fourier transform.The theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that the improved algorithm has faster convergence and better steady state performance and accurate estimation is superior other algorithm.
The Co-Ingestion of Nonmedical Prescription Drugs and Alcohol: A Partial Test of Social Learning Theory

Over the last decade, scholars have examined simultaneous polydrug use among illicit drug users; however, the co-ingestion of nonmedical prescription drug (NMPD) use and alcohol has been largely overlooked. Also overlooked have been the incorporation and testing of theoretical explanations for this type of substance use behavior. In the current paper, we test social learning theory as an explanation for NMPD use and the co-ingestion of nonmedical prescription drugs and alcohol on a Midwest university sample using a bivariate probit equation model. Support is found for the influence of differential association, social reinforcement, and definitions of use on the co-ingestion of NMPDs and alcohol.
Postcards from the brain

Brains have long been compared to the most advanced existing technology – including, at one point, telephone switchboards. Today, people often talk about brains as if they were a sort of biological computer, with pink mushy "hardware" and "software" generated by life experiences.
Efficiency First: Designing Markets to Save Energy, and the Planet

Publisher Summary This chapter examines that rapid uptake of energy efficiency, which is the single largest and most cost-effective means of meeting rising global demand for energy services while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Policies that realign market incentives and remove barriers to promote innovation and reward successful technologies and practices will reduce energy use while meeting energy service demands. Efficiency is possible in every industry in a variety of forms: improved efficiency of computer servers, industrial process, commercial heating and cooling, video games, televisions, and our homes, even location efficiency in land-use planning that can vastly reduce the number of miles traveled by commuters. Energy efficiency alone will not bring about a sustainable economy, rapid uptake of existing efficiency technologies will facilitate development of further energy saving technologies, which will be key to improving living standards and environmental sustainability. The chapter also defines the three essential policy components to unlock efficiency in the marketplace: establishing and periodically updating minimum energy performance standards, removing market barriers to greater use of efficiency, and incentivizing high-efficiency performance.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion for differentiating between melanoma and lung cancer brain metastases.

Brain metastases originating from different primary sites overlap in appearance and are difficult to differentiate with conventional MRI. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI can assess tumor microvasculature and has demonstrated utility in characterizing primary brain tumors. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of plasma volume (Vp) and volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans ) derived from DCE-MRI in distinguishing between melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases. Forty-seven NSCLC and 23 melanoma brain metastases were retrospectively assessed with DCE-MRI. Regions of interest were manually drawn around the metastases to calculate Vpmean and Kmeantrans. The Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) were performed to compare perfusion parameters between the two groups. The Vpmean of melanoma brain metastases (4.35, standard deviation [SD] = 1.31) was significantly higher (P = 0.03) than Vpmean of NSCLC brain metastases (2.27, SD = 0.96). The Kmeantrans values were higher in melanoma brain metastases, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.12). Based on ROC analysis, a cut-off value of 3.02 for Vpmean (area under curve = 0.659 with SD = 0.074) distinguished between melanoma brain metastases and NSCLC brain metastases (P < 0.01) with 72% specificity. Our data show the DCE-MRI parameter Vpmean can differentiate between melanoma and NSCLC brain metastases. The ability to noninvasively predict tumor histology of brain metastases in patients with multiple malignancies can have important clinical implications.
Measures of the Shapley index for learning lower complexity fuzzy integrals

The fuzzy integral (FI) is used frequently as a parametric nonlinear aggregation operator for data or information fusion. To date, numerous data-driven algorithms have been put forth to learn the FI for tasks like signal and image processing, multi-criteria decision making, logistic regression and minimization of the sum of squared error (SEE) criteria in decision-level fusion. However, existing work has focused on learning the densities (worth of just the individual inputs in the underlying fuzzy measure (FM)) relative to an imputation method (algorithm that assigns values to the remainder of the FM) or the full FM is learned relative to a single criteria (e.g., SSE). Only a handful of approaches have investigated how to learn the FI relative to some minimization criteria (logistic regression or SSE) in conjunction with a second criteria, namely model complexity. Including model complexity is important because it allows us to learn solutions that are less prone to overfitting and we can lower a solution’s cost (financial, computational, etc.). Herein, we review and compare different indices of model (capacity) complexity. We show that there is no global best. Instead, applications and goals (contexts) are what drives which index is appropriate. In addition, we put forth new indices based on functions of the Shapley index. Synthetic and real-world experiments demonstrate the range and behavior of these different indices for decision-level fusion.
Justice, Compound Disadvantage, and Health Inequities

In Chap. 2, we reviewed the epidemiologic evidence suggesting that social and economic conditions are prime determinants of health and its distribution in human populations. The reference to “distribution” is important, for it underscores the dual criteria used in thinking about health improvements in this book. As we shall see in this chapter, it is insufficient for a public health intervention to simply improve absolute health in a given population. Rather, there is general consensus that compressing health inequalities is a crucial moral goal of public health practice and policy, and therefore how health is distributed within a population matters for thinking about ethical priorities in public health.