cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marking the Unmarked: Hip-Hop, the Gaze & the African Body in North America

Abstract Based on personal narrative and ‘critical ethnographic research,’ this paper is about the process of ‘becoming black,’ the interrelations between race, culture, and identity, and their impact on what, who and how we as social beings existing within a social space, identify with. It contends that, having arrived in North America, an immigrant and refugee group of continental Francophone African youths attending an urban French-language high school in southwestern Ontario, Canada, enters, so to speak, a social imaginary, a discursive space where they are already imagined, constructed, and thus treated as ‘blacks’ by hegemonic discourses and groups, respectively. This imaginary is directly implicated in who they identify with—black America—which in turn influences what and how they linguistically and culturally learn. They learn, I will show, ‘black English as a second language’ (BESL) which they access in and through hip-hop culture and rap lyrical/linguistic styles. Translation and negotiation, I ...
Model Reference Adaptive Control Framework for Real-Time Traffic Management under Emergency Evacuation

Recent natural or man-made disasters around the world have provided compelling evidence that transportation system plays a crucial role in the emergency evacuation and have stressed the need for effective evacuation traffic management to maximize the utilization of the transportation system and to minimize fatalities and losses. This paper presents a model reference adaptive control MRAC framework for real-time traffic management under emergency evacuation. Distinct from the well-studied evacuation planning, real-time traffic management for evacuation aims to dynamically guide control traffic flow under evacuation in such a way that certain system objective e.g., minimization of fatalities or property losses could be achieved. The proposed framework is based on both dynamic network modeling techniques and adaptive control theory, by considering the traffic network under evacuation as a dynamic system. First, a prescriptive dynamic traffic assignment model is applied to predict, in a short-term and rolling-horizon manner, the desired traffic states based on certain system optimal objectives. This model will serve as a reference point for the adaptive control. Then, the adaptive control system integrates these desired states and the current prevailing traffic conditions collected via the sensing system to produce real-time traffic control schemes. Finally, these traffic control schemes are implemented in the field to guide the real-world traffic flow to evolve towards the desired states. Simulation studies provided in this paper show that the proposed framework based on MRAC can significantly improve the performance of real-time evacuation traffic management.
Comparison of brain structure to a backpropagation-learned-structure

This paper describes the results of experiments studying the circumstances under which an error-minimizing artificial neural network mimics the mammal visual system. The networks were trained to recognize handwritten-digits. The experiment was not intended to yield a high identification accuracy, but rather to generate a comparison of the neural networks to biology under different circumstances. Experiments were conducted with partially hand-set networks, freely-trained networks, and convolutionally constrained networks. The convolutional experiment, where certain weights were constrained to be identical, performed the best at digit recognition while also modeling parts of biology that we had not anticipated the network would model. Rather than using the input image to generate an edge detection outline, as occurs in the retina, the network's first layer modeled the cones themselves, reacting most to one color (black or white), but not performing any real processing.
FinFET-based dynamic power management of on-chip interconnection networks through adaptive back-gate biasing

On-chip interconnection networks are fast becoming significant power-consumers in high-performance chip multiprocessors (CMPs). Increased power consumption leads to more heat, adversely degrades system reliability, and may increase the cost of cooling IC packages. This situation becomes even worse as bulk CMOS scales further into the nanometer regime because of excessive leakage power due to short-channel effects. In this paper, we explore the use of FinFETs, which are promising substitutes for bulk CMOS at the 32nm node and beyond, to design on-chip network routers. We present a detailed design of a variable pipeline stage router (VPSR) targeted at FinFET technology. We employ a dynamic power management scheme, which we call adaptive back-gate biasing (ABGB), for FinFET implementations. We evaluate VPSR and ABGB on a simulation platform specifically designed for power and performance simulations for FinFET-based interconnection networks. The results show that VPSR is able to successfully adapt its power consumption to incoming traffic, with a resultant 20% reduction in power at almost no impact on latency.
Lymphocytic profiling in thyroid cancer provides clues for failure of tumor immunity

Thyroid cancers are usually surrounded by a significant number of immune-reactive cells. Tumor-associated lymphocytes as well as background lymphocytic thyroiditis are frequently mentioned in pathology reports of patients who have undergone surgery for thyroid cancer. The nature of this lymphocytic reaction is not well understood. The fact that cancer can survive in this adverse microenvironment is indicative of immune regulation. We characterized the lymphocytic infiltration that accompanies thyroid cancer and compared it with that present in thyroid autoimmunity. We found that double-negative (DN) T cells were significantly more abundant in thyroid cancer than in thyroid autoimmunity. Although FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells were also present, DN T cells were the dominant cell type, associated with thyroid cancer. Furthermore, upon stimulation, the DN T cells associated with cancer remained unchanged, while the few ( 20%). CD25 expression on DN T cells remained unchanged after stimulation, which indicates that the increase in the absolute number of DN T cells in thyroid autoimmunity was at the expense of inactivation of single-positive T cells. We concluded that in the setting of thyroid cancer, DN T cells appear to suppress tumor immunity. In contrast, in thyroid autoimmunity, DN T cells were barely present and only increased at the expense of inactivated, single-positive T cells upon induction. Together, these findings indicate that thyroid cancer-associated DN T cells might regulate proliferation and effector function of T cells and thereby contribute to tumor tolerance and active avoidance of tumor immunity.
Exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate and anesthetized rats

I investigated whether muscular contraction evokes cardiorespiratory increases (exercise pressor reflex) in α-chloralose- and chloral hydrate-anesthetized and precollicular, midcollicular, and post...
Bergmann's rule in the ant lion Myrmeleon immaculatus DeGeer (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): geographic variation in body size and heterozygosity

Aim Geographic variation in body size and heterozygosity were surveyed for discrete populations of the ant lion, Myrmeleon immaculatus DeGeer, collected from the central and northeastern United States. Location Collection sites were located in the central and eastern United States ranging from western Oklahoma to northern New York. Methods We collected 872 M. immaculatus larvae from thirty-four collecting sites. At each site, we randomly sampled ant lion pits and collected between fifteen and fifty-two larvae in total. Larvae were preserved in 95% ETOH for morphological analysis and frozen in a -80∞C freezer for protein electrophoresis. We measured the body size of eighty-five preserved adult M. immaculatus obtained from museum collections using head width as an indicator of body size. Five enzymes [GPI (glucose phosphate isomerase), MDH (malate dehydrogenase), PEP (peptidase), DIA (diaphorase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase)] were used in the heterozygosity analyses. Results Larval and adult body size increased with latitude, but decreased with elevation. Average heterozygosity, measured at five polymorphic loci, also increased significantly with latitude. Minimum temperature variance was the best predictor of body size, whereas precipitation and maximum temperature were the best predictors of heterozygosity. Populations were genetically differentiated from one another and showed a pattern of isolation by distance, as measured by Wright’s Fst values and Nei’s genetic distances. Main conclusions Sampling artifacts, heat conservation, character displacement, cell-size variation, density-dependent mortality, and differential dispersal probably cannot account for latitudinal variation in ant lion body size. Our results implicate the importance of diurnal photoperiod, which varies with latitude, but not with elevation. Because photoperiod often controls growth, diapause, and metamorphosis, it may be an important determinant of latitudinal clines in body size and life history of insects.
On Precipitating Factors: Cancer as a Cause of Suicide

This case-control study provides individual-based data describing the impact of being a cancer patient on the odds of suicide. 5,009 suicides and 17,064 controls are compared. The data indicate that cancer patients are 50 to 100 percent more likely than nonpatients to commit suicide. This and other studies indicate that health status should be considered in future attempts to relate suicide to social environment.
Development of Fe-sheathed MgB/sub 2/ wires and tapes for electric power applications

Superconducting coils with different dimensions were manufactured via a wind-reaction process by using Fe-sheathed MgB/sub 2/ wires, which were fabricated using the powder-in-tube method and ultra-fine starting precursors. Very good grain connectivity as well as high core density was obtained in Fe-sheathed wires and tapes. At 20 K and self-field, the critical current of the coil with ID 12 mm and 12 turns is 360 A, which is equivalent to the J/sub c/ of 1.8/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/. At 6 Tesla external magnetic field and 4.2 K, the coil with ID 14 cm and 10 turns possesses the J/sub c/ of 1/spl times/10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/. In-field current carrying capability of MgB/sub 2/ wires and tapes were further enhanced by Ti additive. These results demonstrate the potential of MgB/sub 2/ superconducting wires and tapes for large-scale applications.
Structural Basis for the Ascending Limb of Left Ventricular Function

Midwall sarcomere lengths near maximal have been reported at left ventricular end-diastolic pressures at the upper limits of normal, but an ascending limb of cardiac function can exist at much higher filling pressures. Accordingly, an analysis was made of sarcomere length distributions across the left ventricular wall over a range of end-diastolic pressures between 2 and 20 mm Hg. In 11 dogs, significant ascending limbs of ventricular function were documented at filling pressures between 2 and 12 mm Hg and between 12 and 20 mm Hg. Nine hearts were arrested and rapidly fixed in diastole with intracoronary glutaraldehyde perfusion, and tissues from five sites equally distributed across the left ventricular free wall were examined by electron microscopy. At filling pressures at the lower end of the normal range (2, 6, and 12 mm Hg), an uneven distribution of sarcomere lengths across the wall was noted: mean sarcomere lengths were shortest at the subendocardial layer, longest at a site between the subendocard...
Perspectives on the women's health initiative trial of hormone replacement therapy.

The premature termination of one comparison in the Women's Health Initiative primary prevention trial due to stopping rules being reached necessitates a reconsideration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This part of the Women's Health Initiative trial, however, examined only one popular HRT regimen (conjugated equine estrogen [0.625 mg] and medroxyprogesterone acetate [2.5 mg] daily) in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. To help clinicians understand this large, complex trial, we describe several pervasive biases in earlier observational studies, review the principal findings of the trial, summarize recent systematic reviews, and offer clinical suggestions for HRT. Observational studies of HRT have found consistent, powerful protection against heart disease; this now appears due to consistent, powerful selection biases. These biases have the same net effect: Women using HRT in observational studies were healthier than those not using it. The Women's Health Initiative trial found that the overall risk-benefit ratio tipped against using HRT for prevention. Cardiovascular disease and breast cancer were increased among users, whereas colorectal cancer and osteoporotic fractures were reduced. Whether these findings relate to women with menopausal symptoms and to different HRT regimens is unknown. Hormone replacement therapy remains the best treatment for menopausal symptoms. Although estrogen has proven benefit for osteoporosis prevention, alternatives include raloxifene, alendronate, and risedronate. For women needing HRT, use of a low dose, with reassessments at least annually, appears prudent. Heart disease prevention strategies of proven value include exercise, weight control, blood pressure and lipid control, and avoidance of smoking. Hormone replacement therapy should not be used for this purpose.
Non-Tenure Track Faculty and Learning Communities: Bridging the Divide to Enhance Teaching Quality

Institutions of higher education are increasingly hiring non-tenure track faculty members (NTTF) to help meet the demands of the institutional teaching mission. Research suggests NTTF experience inadequate working conditions that hinder performance and negatively impact the quality of undergraduate education. Given the growing number of NTTF responsible for teaching undergraduates, it is essential for institutions to help them be effective teachers. In this article we consider the use of cohort based faculty learning communities (FLCs) to engage and socialize NTTF, thereby enhancing their working conditions, performance, and the quality of undergraduate education. We discuss implications of using FLCs for the promotion of good practice and future research.
Age, Growth, and Long-Term Site Fidelity in the Terrestrial Plethodontid Salamander Plethodon kentucki

Abstract Based on mark-recapture data collected over seven years on the salamander Plethodon kentucki, I examined (1) longevity and long-term site fidelity, (2) growth curves for each sex derived from both cross-sectional and longitudinal data on body size, (3) whether growth curves generated from the two kinds of data were comparable, and (4) how the relationship between adult body size and age in this species compares to that in other plethodontid salamanders. Recapture rates indicate that about 86% of males and 82% of females survived and remained in the study area from one year to the next. Most individuals recaptured at the end of the study period were within, or less than 2 m from, the home range they occupied at the beginning. Maximum age estimates were 13 yr for males and 16 yr for females. Growth curves derived from cross-sectional and longitudinal data were very similar. For both sexes, there is rapid growth up to the time of first reproduction (about 4 and 5 yr for males and females, respective...
Predicting alternatively spliced exons using semi-supervised learning

Cost-efficient next generation sequencers can now produce unprecedented volumes of raw DNA data, posing challenges for annotation. Supervised machine learning approaches have been traditionally used to analyse and annotate complex genomic information. However, such approaches require labelled data for training, which in practice is scarce or expensive, while the unlabelled data is abundant. For some problems, semi-supervised learning can help improve supervised classifiers by making use of large amounts of unlabelled data and the latent information within them. We evaluate the applicability of semi-supervised learning algorithms to the problem of DNA sequence annotation, specifically to the prediction of alternatively spliced exons. We employ Expectation Maximisation, Self-training, and Co-training algorithms in an effort to assess the strengths and limitations of these techniques in the context of alternative splicing.
HYBRID MECHANICAL REVASCULARIZATION FOR CORONARY-SUBCLAVIAN STEAL FOLLOWING CORONARY BYPASS SURGERY IN A PATIENT WITH SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY OCCLUSION AND CAROTID STENOSIS

Progressive left subclavian artery (LSCA) stenosis can cause both arm claudication and angina in patients following coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting. Concomitant carotid stenosis complicates treatment decisions in such cases. We present a
Transition from Amorphous to Crystalline Silicon: Effect of Hydrogen on Film Growth

The transition from amorphous to crystalline silicon in films prepared in a hydrogen-diluted silane plasma has been studied. Emphasis was placed on the role played by hydrogen during film growth. Hydrogen is found to govern the film formation process by promoting the reverse process, ‘etching’. By preferentially eliminating energetically unfavorable configurations during the film growth, hydrogen controls the atomic structure, hydrogen incorporation, and grain growth of the film. It affects the total hydrogen content in the film, as well as the way hydrogen is bonded to the silicon. Excessive hydrogen dilution, however, reduces the grain size by changing the columnar grain growth to a more spherical-like grain growth, and eventually eliminates film growth. With appropriate hydrogen dilution, plasma deposition was found to yield ‘polycrystalline’ silicon films which has a large distribution of grain sizes, with the largest grains being about 2000 A.
A Micro Precipitin-Technic for Classifying Hemolytic Streptococci, and Improved Methods for Producing Antisera:

SummaryMethods are described for producing high-titered group-specific antisera for classifying hemolytic streptococci into groups. A description is also given of a reliable micro-precipitin technic which can be used with very small amounts of bacterial extract and antiserum. Attention is called to the occurrence of some non-hemolytic members of Groups B, C, D, and G.Since this communication was submitted for publication, Fuller has reported a method of extracting streptococci with formamide.5
Distraction effects of contextual advertising on online news processing: an eye-tracking study

Although recent scholarship has shown that congruency between editorial content and display advertising on web pages can lead to favourable outcomes for the advertiser, it is unclear whether these gains for advertisers come at the expense of users’ ability to process the content. To examine whether contextual in-page advertising distracts users during information processing, a 2 target message argument type: weak/strong × 2 ad relevance: high/low between-subjects factorial experiment N = 99 examined how readers of a news article about risks associated with texting while driving a paid attention to the article, b paid attention to the advertisements, and c were persuaded by the article contents. Participants’ visual attention was captured unobtrusively using a device-mounted eye-tracking device. The findings show that readers were more likely to be persuaded by weaker arguments when the article was presented alongside highly relevant display ads than when the article was presented alongside less relevant ads. Readers also paid greater attention to relevant ads than irrelevant ads, and, surprisingly, readers in the strong argument condition paid more attention to the story content when it was presented alongside relevant ads. The implications for theories of visual attention and for online content publishers are discussed.
Solution method for equilibrium position of moored floating-body in current

In order to solve the motion responses of a moored floating-body in waves or under the collision of uncontrollable ships,more accurate initial position of the mooring chain and the floating-body should be obtained firstly by solving the equilibrium position of the moored floating-body system in different ocean environment.Assuming the mooring chain as a flexible catenary,the solving equations of the mooring forces were established.The equivalents of forces(moments) acting on the floating-body in each direction were considered as the convergent condition,and the equilibrium position of the moored floating-body system in ocean current was obtained by iterative solving method.The results show that the moored floating system has different equilibrium positions under the action of different directions and velocity of the currents.The error of anchor throwing can also induce different equilibrium position of the system.
Performance-based correlates to vertical jump height and power values

BACKGROUND: Vertical jumps are an important component to many athletic endeavors. Identification of performance variables that act as correlates to vertical jump prowess is important to help achieve success in sports. OBJECTIVE: To examine which performance-based variables (kinetic, temporal, force-time integrative, expressed relative to body mass) are the best correlates to vertical jump height and power. METHODS: Men (n = 117) performed vertical jumps on an instrumented platform placed aside a Vertec; both devices obtained data as jumps occurred. Vertec values were used to identify jump height and power, each of which served as criterion measures. The platform provided six performance-based variables from the countermovement and takeoff phases of jumps; they were used to predict the variance per criterion measure via multivariate regression. RESULTS: With either jump height or power as a criterion, each analysis revealed a significant amount of variance correlated to our performance-based independent variables. Univariate correlations showed peak force and area under the curve were the best predictors of jump height and power variance. Our results concur with studies that employed similar subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Kinetic and force-time integrative variables are the best correlates to jump height and power values for criterion measures derived from an instrumented platform.
Dental microwear reveals mammal-like chewing in the neoceratopsian dinosaur Leptoceratops gracilis

Extensive oral processing of food through dental occlusion and orbital mandibular movement is often cited as a uniquely mammalian trait that contributed to their evolutionary success. Save for mandibular translation, these adaptations are not seen in extant archosaurs or lepidosaurs. In contrast, some ornithischian dinosaurs show evidence of precise dental occlusion, habitual intraoral trituration and complex jaw motion. To date, however, a robust understanding of the diversity of jaw mechanics within non-avian dinosaurs, and its comparison with other vertebrates, remains unrealized. Large dental batteries, well-developed dental wear facets, and robust jaws suggests that neoceratopsian (horned) dinosaurs were capable chewers. But, biomechanical analyses have assumed a relatively simple, scissor-like (orthal) jaw mechanism for these animals. New analyses of dental microwear, presented here, show curvilinear striations on the teeth of Leptoceratops. These features indicate a rostral to caudal orbital motion of the mandible during chewing. A rostrocaudal mandibular orbit is seen in multituberculates, haramiyid allotherians, and some rodents, and its identification in Leptoceratops gracilis is the first evidence of complex, mammal-like chewing in a ceratopsian dinosaur. The term circumpalinal is here proposed to distinguish this new style of chewing from other models of ceratopsian mastication that also involve a palinal component. This previously unrecognized complexity in dinosaurian jaw mechanics indicates that some neoceratopsian dinosaurs achieved a mammalian level of masticatory efficiency through novel adaptive solutions.
Concurrent Androgen and Estrogen Ablation and Inhibition of Steroid Biosynthetic Enzyme Treatment for Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background/Aim: About 80 to 90% of prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen-dependent at diagnosis, but patients ultimately develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is usually not amenable to androgen deprivation (ablation) therapy (ADT). Patients with CRPC usually succumb to death in less than 5 years and there is no cure. Here, we investigated reasons for ADT failure. Materials and Methods: Biopsy specimens from untreated and diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated patients were assessed for localization of antibody IgGs against androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors. Results: In untreated and DES-treated sections, methylene blue stained basic proteins in dark basal (undifferentiated) PCa cells, whereas light basal cells were not stained. AR localized to light basal cells which showed widespread degeneration in sections from DES-treated patients, indicating their dependence on androgen. In contrast, dark basal cells did not show widespread degeneration in DES-treated patients; ER was usually localized in dark cells. The number of dark cells progressively increased in DES-treated patients indicating their androgen-independence. The localization of AR and ER in some light and dark basal cells indicated that the supply of androgen/estrogen was not inhibited during ADT. Dark basal cells had emerged prior to treatment and proliferated during DES treatment, that also indicated their androgen-independence. Conclusion: PCa has at least two populations of cells: androgen-dependent light basal and estrogen-dependent dark basal cells. ADT did not destroy estrogen-dependent cells which may have given rise to CRPC tumors. Therefore, ADT is an incomplete treatment. For a more complete treatment of PCa, we recommend concurrent androgen and estrogen ablation, together with the inhibition of selected steroid biosynthetic enzymes.
Comparison of methods for measuring porosity of porous paving mixtures

Abstract The porosity of porous paving mixtures is critical to their performance and is a commonly measured parameter. However, as there are a number of methods to measure the porosity of a specimen, this research addressed how these different methods compared to one another and identified where differences in measurements arose. The four methods tested were the Corelok, Montes et al., vacuum, and image analysis methods (listed in order of increasing porosity measurements for the same specimens). All four methods, as well as variations of methods, were found to be statistically different except for the vacuum and image analysis methods. The Corelok method measured lower porosity values than the soak/tap and vacuum methods due to how the total specimen volume was measured, though once the difference in volume was accounted for, it fell between those two methods. The soak/tap and vacuum methods measured similar porosities for higher porosity samples (>25%), but due to the efficiency of the vacuum at removing entrapped air pockets from smaller voids, the vacuum method recorded higher porosity values for specimens that had lower porosity (
Industry Centrality and Internal Capital Market Efficiency of Conglomerates

In this paper, I examine whether conglomerates’ exposure to macroeconomics information enhances their internal capital market efficiency by reducing internal information asymmetry between headquarters managers and divisional managers. Due to agency conflicts and information frictions within multi-segment firms, divisional managers are likely to engage in rent-seeking behaviors during resources allocation process. I argue that conglomerates’ connectedness to economy-wide activities provides headquarter managers an additional informational channel and that such exposure to macroeconomic information shrinks the information gap between headquarter and divisional managers and therefore serve as a function of internal control mechanism. However, an opposing effect comes from the fact that headquarters might be short of optimal amount of resources at their disposal to satisfy simultaneous needs from their segments during a period of economic expansion. Using a network-based centrality measure to proxy for the extent to which firms are exposed to macroeconomic information, I find that firms’ level of macro exposure is positively associated with its efficiency of resources allocation, suggesting that information advantage effect dominates limited resources effect. In addition, consistent with my conjectures, I find that this positive relation is more pronounced when conglomerates have more complex corporate structure and is attenuated during an economic expansion period. In a follow-up analysis, I provide additional evidence that this positive relation remains significant after controlling for other conventional corporate governance mechanism, such as ownership structure. Built upon results in Shroff et al. (2014), my evidence suggests that a conglomerate’s macro exposure, manifested through their intensity of connection with overall sectors in the economy, can be viewed as an alternative corporate governance mechanism.
Dynamic subarray architecture for wideband hybrid precoding in millimeter wave massive MIMO systems

Hybrid precoding architectures can address the trade-off between achievable spectral efficiency and power consumption in large-scale MIMO systems. Most of the prior work on hybrid precoding focused on narrowband channels and assumed fully-connected hybrid architectures. In this paper, a closed-form solution for OFDM-based wideband hybrid precoding is developed for both fully-connected and subarray architectures in frequency selective channels. The closed form solution provides useful insights into how hybrid subarray structures should be designed. Based on that, we propose a novel technique that dynamically constructs the hybrid subarrays based on the long-term channel characteristics.
Forecasted range shifts of arid-land fishes in response to climate change

Climate change is poised to alter the distributional limits, center, and size of many species. Traits may influence different aspects of range shifts, with trophic generality facilitating shifts at the leading edge, and greater thermal tolerance limiting contractions at the trailing edge. The generality of relationships between traits and range shifts remains ambiguous however, especially for imperiled fishes residing in xeric riverscapes. Our objectives were to quantify contemporary fish distributions in the Lower Colorado River Basin, forecast climate change by 2085 using two general circulation models, and quantify shifts in the limits, center, and size of fish elevational ranges according to fish traits. We examined relationships among traits and range shift metrics either singly using univariate linear modeling or combined with multivariate redundancy analysis. We found that trophic and dispersal traits were associated with shifts at the leading and trailing edges, respectively, although projected range shifts were largely unexplained by traits. As expected, piscivores and omnivores with broader diets shifted upslope most at the leading edge while more specialized invertivores exhibited minimal changes. Fishes that were more mobile shifted upslope most at the trailing edge, defying predictions. No traits explained changes in range center or size. Finally, current preference explained multivariate range shifts, as fishes with faster current preferences exhibited smaller multivariate changes. Although range shifts were largely unexplained by traits, more specialized invertivorous fishes with lower dispersal propensity or greater current preference may require the greatest conservation efforts because of their limited capacity to shift ranges under climate change.
Book Review: Rob Nixon, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor

Book Review: Rob Nixon, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE
Cross Talk between Radiation and Immunotherapy: The Twain Shall Meet

There has been increased interest in the immune stimulatory properties of ionizing radiation based on several preclinical models and recently completed clinical studies performed in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. This is a paradigm shift in that it considers the role of radiation beyond its direct cytotoxic effects, however, the factors that promote or limit radiation-induced immunogenicity are still unclear. Here we review the role of radiation in modulating the various aspects of the tumor immune microenvironment and discuss in particular the direct effects of radiation on the DNA damage response and its immediate consequences to neighboring cells. The latter “danger response” in particular can enhance recruitment of dendritic and macrophage cells to the tumor microenvironment, which in turn can activate or diminish subsequent T-cell priming. Identification of the critical factors that modulate the interaction between radiation-induced cell damage and the immune system will allow for rational c...
Tetrahedral-Mesh Simulations of Shock-Turbulence Interaction

Despite decades of development of unstructured mesh methods, direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flows are still predominantly performed on structured or unstructured hexahedral meshes with high-order finite-difference methods, weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes, or hybrid schemes formed by their combinations. Tetrahedral meshes offer easy mesh generation and adaptation around complex geometries and the potential of an orientation-free grid that would benefit the isotropic nature of small-scale dissipation, as well as the solution accuracy of intermediate scales. To advance the state of the art of unstructured-mesh simulation capabilities for shock/turbulence interaction, DNS using pure tetrahedral meshes are carried out with the space-time conservation element, solution element (CESE) method in this research. By its design, the CESE method is constructed based on a non-dissipative scheme and is a genuinely multidimensional numerical framework that is free from the use of an approximate Riemann-solver. The numerical framework also provides the ability to add numerical dissipation (the nondissipative scheme acts as the reference state like that of the reversible state in thermodynamics) when needed (with justification from mathematics/physics). The above-mentioned features along with the CESE method's consistent shock-capturing approach and strong enforcement of flux conservation in spacetime offers a novel method to accurately simulate turbulent flows and their interaction with shocks using tetrahedral meshes. Two canonical problems, namely, isotropic turbulence interaction with a normal shock and a Mach 2.9 turbulent boundary layer flow over a 24deg compression corner are investigated in this study. Computational results show reasonably good agreement with experimental data and results from structured-mesh, high-order simulations available in the literature. Successful validation of these canonical problems demonstrated here paves the way for future high-fidelity supersonic flow simulations involving complex-geometries.
Effects of phosphorus incorporation on the structural and optoelectronic properties of BSb binary compound: A first principle investigation

Abstract The effects of phosphorus incorporation on the structural and optoelectronic properties of BSb binary compound were predicted via the (FP-LAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT) by modeling BPxSb1-x ternary alloys in zinc blende phase in full range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). To evaluate the structural properties, we used the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew et al. (GGA-BPEsol) approaches. The lattice constants and bulk modulus of BPxSb1-x ternary alloys were devalued and are found in good agreement with the existing data in the literature. It is found that the variation of their lattice constants versus phosphorus concentration follows the Vegard's law. The electronic properties are calculated by using two schemes, which are generalized gradient approximation proposed by Wu and Cohen (GGA-WC) and Tran-Blaha-modified Becker-Johnson approximation (TB-mBJ). Our results show that the value of the band gap increases with the phosphorus concentrations and exhibits an almost linear behavior with a low bowing parameter. The optical properties of BPxSb1-x are generally calculated and discussed. The present work is a contribution to the area of new semiconductors materials. The main finding is the modeling of electronic and structural properties of BPxSb1-x alloys that will be interesting for future applications.
The Parent-Adolescent Power Contest:

In times of rapid change, the traditional basis of family power over adolescents becomes unstable. Parents and adolescents disagree over decision making and conflict occurs when parents try to main...
Artificial intelligence and machine learning for future army applications

Based on current trends in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), we provide an overview of novel algorithms intended to address Army-specific needs for increased operational tempo and autonomy for ground robots in unexplored, dynamic, cluttered, contested, and sparse data environments. This paper discusses some of the motivating factors behind US Army Research in AI and ML and provides a survey of a subset of the US Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL) Computational and Information Sciences Directorate’s (CISD) recent research in online, nonparametric learning that quickly adapts to variable underlying distributions in sparse exemplar environments, as well as a technique for unsupervised semantic scene labeling that continuously learns and adapts semantic models discovered within a data stream. We also look at a newly developed algorithm that leverages human input to help intelligent agents learn more rapidly and a novel research study working to discover foundational knowledge that is required for humans and robots to communicate via natural language. Finally we discuss a method for finding chains of reasoning with incomplete information using semantic vectors. The specific research exemplars provide approaches for overcoming the specific shortcomings of commercial AI and ML methods as well as the brittleness of current commercial techniques such that these methods can be enhanced and adapted so as to be applicable to army relevant scenarios.
Large kinematic error propagation in revolute manipulators

Understanding how errors propagate in serial revolute manipulators is important for developing better designs and planning algorithms, as well as understanding the practical limitations on accuracy of multi- link arms. In this paper we provide a systematic propagation method- ology and numerical example that illustrates how large kinematic errors propagate by convolution on the Euclidean motion group.
Particle Protection of Semiconductor Surfaces by Reversible Wafer Bonding and Related Concepts

Particle-free bonding of silicon or other semiconductor wafers to each other may routinely be accomplished in a “microcleanroom” set-up developed at Duke University. This set-up operates effectively even in a non-cleanroom environment. Without subsequent heating, room-temperature wafer bonding is reversible. Wafer bonding may, therefore, be used as a means of protecting semiconductor wafer surfaces temporarily against particle and organic vapor contamination as well as against mechanical damage during transport and storage.
Database Architecture and Design for PACS

Relational database management systems using Structured Query Language (SQL) are well-suited to PACS development due to their inherent administration, fault tolerance, portability and networking capabilities. Several important aspects of database system development for PACS are database design, SQL programming tools and RIS-PACS coupling.
An MTF1 binding site disrupted by a homozygous variant in the promoter of ATP7B likely causes Wilson Disease.

Approximately 2% of the human genome accounts for protein-coding genes, yet most known Mendelian disease-causing variants lie in exons or splice sites. Individuals who symptomatically present with monogenic disorders but do not possess function-altering variants in the protein-coding regions of causative genes may harbor variants in the surrounding gene regulatory domains. We present such a case: a male of Afghani descent was clinically diagnosed with Wilson Disease—a disorder of systemic copper buildup—but was found to have no function-altering coding variants in ATP7B (ENST00000242839.4), the typically causative gene. Our analysis revealed the homozygous variant chr13:g.52,586,149T>C (NC_000013.10, hg19) 676 bp into the ATP7B promoter, which disrupts a metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) binding site and diminishes expression of ATP7B in response to copper intake, likely resulting in Wilson Disease. Our approach to identify the causative variant can be generalized to systematically discover function-altering non-coding variants underlying disease and motivates evaluation of gene regulatory variants.
An Introduction to Porto or The Republic of Evandria by Lodovico Zuccolo

Traditionally, scholars have considered Porto a conservative utopia that lacks the audacious vision and the spirit of reformation distinctive to this genre. Some (e.g., Firpo) have even suggested that Porto marked the decline of Italian Renaissance utopias. However, an examination of the historical and cultural context of this dialogue offers a different picture. In Italy, More’s utopian model was never fully embraced due to Machiavelli’s scathing critique of utopianism and the enduring influence of the myth of Rome. Against this background, Porto emerges as an original attempt to rethink the essential features of Renaissance utopias in order to accommodate this genre into the Italian context. In a nutshell, Porto did mark not the decline of utopia; it heralded a new chapter in its history.
Colorectal Cancer Characteristics and Outcomes after Solid Organ Transplantation

Background. Individuals after solid organ transplant may develop secondary malignancies. In our clinical practice, we noted an increasing number of individuals who developed colorectal cancers after solid organ transplantation. The primary aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of the patients who developed colorectal cancer after solid organ transplant. Materials and Methods. Data was gathered and merged from several registries at Mayo Clinic to identify all patients who received a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer and solid organ transplant. Continuous variables were summarized as mean (standard deviation) and median (range), while categorical variables were reported as frequency (percentage). Time to colorectal cancer after transplant and overall survival after cancer diagnosis were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results. Initially, 115 colorectal cancer patients who also had a transplant were identified. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer was noted after solid organ transplant in 63 patients. The mean age at transplant was 57 years. Majority had received a kidney transplant (44.4%) followed by liver (36.5%). The median time to develop colorectal cancer was 59.3 months (range: 4.4-251.4 months). 15 (24.6%) were stage 4 at diagnosis and 13 (21.3%) had stage 3 colorectal cancer. Median overall survival was 30.8 months; 5-, 10- and 15-year survival were noted to be 42.5%, 17.9%, and 7.5%, respectively. None of the stage 4 patients were alive at 5 years; 5-year survival rate for stage 1, 2, and 3 patients was 77%, 50%, and 42%, respectively. Conclusions. Our study reports on one of the largest cohorts of patients of colorectal cancer that developed the cancer after solid organ transplant. Survival is extremely poor for advanced cases. However, long-term survivors are noted who developed the cancer at a relatively early stage. Colorectal screening recommendations may need to be revised for patients after solid organ transplant.
Challenges in Minor Salivary Gland Biopsies: A Practical Approach to Problematic Histologic Patterns

Evaluation of minor salivary gland biopsy can be fraught with a wide range of problems, including technical limitations due to the small size and distorted nature of tissue received and interpretive difficulties navigating the considerable morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap between widely disparate entities. As such, common pathologic findings can evoke a perplexing differential diagnosis that encompasses malignant, benign, and non-neoplastic processes. This review will present the diagnostic considerations that arise from four histologic patterns that are frequently encountered on minor salivary gland biopsies: squamous differentiation, tubular and cribriform growth, mucin production, and myxoid stroma. The discussion herein will emphasize practical strategies and priorities for navigating these differential diagnoses in a clinically-relevant and cost-effective manner.
Red Death and Black Life: Media, Martyrdom and Shame

AbstractMost of Iran’s urban population experienced the war with Iraq (1980–1988) through the burden of privation and the fear of possible airstrikes. Thus, state-produced media on national televis...
FOLLICULOSEBACEOUS CYSTIC HAMARTOMA OF THE ORAL MUCOSA: CLINICOPATHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF 3 CASES OF AN UNCOMMON ENTITY

Objective Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (FSCH) represents an unusual type of cutaneous hamartomatous proliferation, manifesting clinically as an asymptomatic, slow-growing papulo-nodular lesion that most commonly affects the facial skin, primarily around the nose. Microscopically, FSCH is composed of infundibular structures with numerous radiating sebaceous lobules embedded in a mesenchymal stromal component. Despite the nomenclature, significant cystic dilatation is observed in Results Three FSCH cases were identified in the archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory, University of Minnesota between 2008-2017 with M:F ratio=2:1 and mean age =42.3 years (age range: 27-61 years). All cases were located in the buccal mucosa and presented as painless, submucosal nodules of long duration measuring 0.6-1.5 cm. No previous history of skin graft in the area of the lesions was reported and none of the patients had a clinically identifiable syndrome. Histopathologically, oral FSCHs showed aggregates of variable number of rudimentary follicular structures and sebaceous lobules. Occasionally, the sebaceous glands were radially arranged and attached to small in size infundibular structures featuring rare microcystic changes, or were scattered in the deeper portions of the oral mucosa. The pilosebaceous units were immersed in a dense, focally desmoplastic, connective tissue stroma with variable amounts of mature adipocytes and vessels. Piloerector muscles were present in 2 out of 3 FSCHs, while inflammation was generally absent. Conclusions Oral FSCH is an infrequent lesion which can be misdiagnosed as ectopic Fordyce granules or other sebaceous neoplasms. Similar to a subgroup of cutaneous FSCH, oral lesions fail to show prominent cystic formation. Notably, a predilection for the buccal mucosa is reported. Whether oral FSCH represents late developing stage of trichofolliculoma remains unknown.