cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standstill agreements, privately negotiated stock repurchases, and the market for corporate control

Abstract Standstill agreements are voluntary contracts which limit a substantial stockholder's ownership interest in a corporation for a specified number of years. They are often accompanied by repurchase of the substantial stockholder's shares at a premium above the market price. Standstills and premium buybacks reduce competition for corporate control and provide differential treatment of large block stockholders. The analysis indicates a statistically significant negative average effect on non-participating stockholder wealth associated with standstill agreements. Negotiated premium repurchases are also associated with negative, but less significant, stockholder returns. The evidence is inconsistent with the hypothesis that these management actions are in the best interests of non-participating stockholders.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESPONSE TO EXERCISE AFTER THE MODIFIED FONTAN OPERATION: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF PERFORMANCE IN 60 PATIENTS. † 149

We describe the pre- and postoperative determinants of cardiorespiratory function after the modified Fontan operation for 60 patients operated at Mayo Clinic between 1985 and 1993. The patients were 5 to 41 years of age(m=[horizontal bar over]14 yr.) at the time of exercise. Exercise was performed 0.8 to 15 years following operation (m=[horizontal bar over]6.4±2.9yr.). The dependent variables at peak exercise included: O2 consumption (˙VO2/kg2/3), systemic arterial O2 sat and HR. We analyzed 126 pre- and 61 postoperative independent variables. Multiple linear regression using a stepwise approach was used to identify predictive variables.
Metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidney disease

A recent study shows that, like cancer cells, cells lacking the Pdk1 gene reprogram their metabolism to use aerobic glycolysis—the 'Warburg effect'. Targeting this pathway using a glucose analog that cannot be metabolized resulted in slower disease progression in mouse models of polycystic kidney disease. This work thus suggests a new potential therapeutic approach for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (pages 488–493).
Spin‐Free quantum chemistry. XX. The alternancy quantum number

The assignment of the alternancy quantum number to the N-electron states of neutral alternant hydrocarbons is discussed within the spin-free unitary group formulation. Alternancy is defined with respect to both molecular graphs and molecular orbital eigenvalues. The properties of the molecular orbitals of alternant hydrocarbons result from requiring the assignments in terms of atomic orbital and molecular orbital Gel'fand states to be consistent. State correlation arguments are used to remove the arbitrary phase factor present in previous treatments.
Synthesis of herpes simplex virus DNA in a soluble nuclear extract

Abstract A soluble extract prepared from nuclei of HeLa cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 has been found to synthesize herpes DNA in a process comparable to that observed in intact nuclei. The incorporation of [3H]dTTP has an absolute requirement for Mg++ and for the other three deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and is relatively independent of added ATP. The reaction product, although of relatively short chain length, bands in CsCl density gradients at the density of herpes DNA and is essentially free of labeled cell DNA. Incorporation of BrdUTP results in a density shift suggesting extensive replication of endogenous DNA sequences.
The Use of Early Lung Biopsy in Detection of Fatal Pulmonary Disease in the Neonate

We report a case of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misaligned pulmonary veins and review the literature to highlight the importance of lung biopsy, which can affect the decision to use invasive and likely ineffective therapy such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Targeting base excision repair suggests a new therapeutic strategy of fludarabine for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Targeting base excision repair suggests a new therapeutic strategy of fludarabine for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CEBPA dosage in leukemogenesis

Comment on Chapiro et al, page [3560][1] Hematopoietic development is exquisitely regulated by a spectrum of transcription factors that participate in lineage-commitment decisions and terminal differentiation. Perhaps not surprisingly, it has become apparent that mutations in many of these
p53 and bcl-2 immunohistochemistry in pretreatment prostate needle biopsies to predict recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Immunohistochemical staining of radical prostatectomy specimens for p53 and bcl-2 proteins has been shown to correlate with prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in a series of patien...
Quantization effect on second moment of log-likelihood ratio and its application to decentralized sequential detection

It is well known that quantization cannot increase the Kullback-Leibler divergence which can be thought of as the expected value or first moment of the log-likelihood ratio. In this paper, we investigate the quantization effects on the second moment of the log-likelihood ratio. It is shown that quantization may result in an increase in the case of the second moment, but the increase is bounded above by 2/e. The result is then applied to decentralized sequential detection problems to provide a simpler sufficient condition for asymptotic optimality theory, and the technique is also extended to investigate the quantization effects on other higher-order moments of the log-likelihood ratio and provide lower bounds on higher-order moments.
Low-cost, transparent, and flexible single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite based ion-sensitive field-effect transistors for pH/glucose sensing

Low-cost, transparent, and flexible ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are presented as pH and glucose sensors. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and poly(diallyldimethyammonium chloride, PDDA) are deposited by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly between two metallic electrodes patterned on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The pH ISFETs are characterized based on the fact that the electronic conductance of SWCNTs nanocomposite is determined by molecular protonation/deprotonation of carboxylic groups on SWCNTs and by the external Ag/AgCl reference gate voltage. Glucose is detected by the local pH change in the vicinity of SWCNTs with the aid of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme. The glucose sensor shows a sensitivity of 18-45 microA/mM on a linear range of 2-10 mM. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant is 14.2 mM, indicating a high affinity of LbL assembled GOx to glucose. The LbL self-assembly of nanomaterials and enzymes on the transparent and flexible substrate suggests various chemical and biological sensors suitable for in vivo application.
Adenoviral mediated gene transfer to atherosclerotic arteries after balloon angioplasty

The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of catheter-mediated adenoviral gene transfer into atherosclerotic vessels subjected to balloon injury. Atherosclerotic lesions were created in the iliac arteries of New Zealand white rabbits fed with cholesterol. Balloon dilatation was performed at the angiographically defined region of maximal stenosis. Instillation of a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding beta Galactosidase was performed at the angioplasty site with either (1) a double-balloon catheter (n = 7 arterial segments), (2) a hydrogel-coated balloon (n = 3), (3) a perforated balloon (n = 3), or (4) a catheter with an inflatable circumferential helical ring (n = 4). Successful gene transfer reflected by expression of nuclear-localizing beta-galactosidase activity was observed in all sections displaying angioplasty effect. Genetically modified cells were located in pockets within the deep portions of the neointima, the media, and the adventitia immediately adjacent to dissection planes. Gene transfer to an atherosclerotic vessel subjected to balloon angioplasty is feasible with recombinant adenovirus vectors and currently available delivery catheters. The regions of the vessel wall that express the foreign protein are those which contribute most importantly to the proliferative cellular response which characterizes postangioplasty restenosis.
Quantum critical phenomena in one-dimensional Bose systems.

We use quantum Monte Carlo techniques to study the critical properties of an interacting-boson model in one dimension. The phase diagram consists of a series of (Mott-) insulating phases at commensurate fillings and of a superfluid phase. From the critical behavior of the superfluid density and the compressibility, we measure the exponents \ensuremath{\nu} and z, which agree with predictions based on a scaling analysis.
The electrodeposition of polypyrrole on Al alloy from room temperature ionic liquids

The direct electrodeposition of conjugated polymers onto active metals such as aluminum and its alloys is complicated by the concomitant oxidation of the metal that occurs at the positive potential required for polymer formation/deposition. We previously described an approach that uses electron transfer mediation to reduce the deposition potential of polypyrrole (PPy) on aluminum and aluminum alloy by nearly 500 mV, permitting film deposition from aqueous solution with nearly 100% current efficiency. In this report, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMIM+TFSI−) has been successfully employed both as the growth medium and the supporting electrolyte for directly depositing uniform and conductive PPy coatings onto Al alloy 2024-T3 surface via a potentiodynamic technique. The depositions of PPy were carried out under cyclic voltammetric conditions from 0.3 M pyrrole in ionic liquid solutions. Film morphology was characterized by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified that the TFSI− anion was incorporated into the polymer as the dopant ion. Thickness of the film was measured by SEM and film conductivity was determined by both a four-point probe technique and by conducting atomic force microscopy. Electrochemical activity of the film was assessed by cyclic voltammetry. Results from these preliminary studies will be reported.
Role of carbon monoxide in heme-induced vasodilation

We investigated the effects of carbon monoxide and heme-L-lysinate on the diameter of isolated, pressurized gracilis muscle arterioles. Both agents increased arteriolar diameter. The vasodilatory effect of heme-L-lysinate, but not of carbon monoxide was prevented by an inhibitor of heme oxygenase. Hence, heme-L-lysinate-induced vasodilation appears to be mediated by a product of vascular heme metabolism, presumably carbon monoxide. This implies that vascular formation of carbon monoxide may subserve a vasodilatory function.
The Henry Luce Foundation and the Study of American-East Asian Relations

aid. Although the joint efforts of Dorothy Borg, John Fairbank, and Ernest May had provided strong roots for the American-East Asian hybrid, there were no funded centers and scholars in the field were dependent primarily on the largesse of Columbia and Harvard. Inevi tably support went to scholars with connections to those two institu tions, both of which were perceived as elitist in the 1970s, the final hours of American egalitarianism. Fortunately for the field, the Henry Luce Foundation stepped for ward in 1976 and in the next decade offered critical funding. Al though the foundation targeted leading institutions, providing grants on an invitational basis only, it urged applicants to develop proposals involving scholars from neighboring institutions. In practice that meant that someone like me, with a Ph.D. from the University of Washington, teaching at Michigan State University, might benefit from grants to the University of Michigan, Columbia, or the Univer sity of Chicago. Indeed, much of my research in the late 1970s and early 1980s was supported by Luce grants to Columbia and Chicago.
Superconnections in Extended Supergravity

Closed-form solution for the superspace connections of extended supergravity in terms of supervielbeine are given for arbitrary values of $N$, and deSitter parameter $e$. A reduction procedure from the Riemannian geometry is used to deduce the desired solutions.
Did reflexive catalysts drive chemical evolution

High-energy starting materials and energy sources on the primitive earth would have generated abundant and varied organic molecules of small or medium size. It is questionable, however, whether ordinary chemical evolution could have produced information-carrying polymers. The end point might have been a fixed steady state if some form of autocatalysis had not intervened. Autocatalytic synthesis is possible for small molecules as illustrated by the formose reaction, in which glycolaldehyde condenses with formaldehyde to form sugars, and resulting tetroses may cleave into two molecules of glycolaldehyde. This and other ‘reflexive catalysts’, some functioning in molecular aggregates, may have energized chemical evolution and carried it to a level at which RNA or an RNA analog could replicate itself.
Significance of postoperative electroencephalograms in patients with extratemporal lesional epilepsy

Abstract We retrospectively studied EEGs performed 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery (lesionectomy or lesion resection with corticectomy) in 24 patients with extratemporal lesional epilepsy who had a mean duration of follow-up of 2.5 years. All patients had intractable partial seizures and underwent a comprehensive presurgical evaluation including long-term EEG monitoring. Twenty of the 24 patients had interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) identified on the preoperative sleep and awake EEG recordings. The presence of IEA 1 year after surgery was associated with recurrent seizure activity ( p
An ANSI C program to determine in expected linear time the vertices of the convex hull of a set of planar points

Abstract A convex polygon is one where any line connecting any two points within the polygon must lie entirely within the polygon. The convex hull of a set of planar data points is defined as the smallest such polygon containing all the data points. The convex hull may be used to define the area where values may be interpolated as opposed to extrapolated from the original data points. For example, it may be used to define the area within which it is valid to contour or krige. This paper presents algorithms and code to partition a set of planar data points into rectangular boxes and then determine the vertices of their convex hull in expected linear time.
Ultraviolet spectroscopy of benzene in cyclohexane clusters. Further evidence for structural shells and resonance interactions

Abstract Spectral lineshapes of benzene/cyclohexane clusters (B·C N -1 , N =2–20) have been obtained by resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy in the vicinity of the benzene A 1g →B 2u 6 0 1 transition. An analysis of spectral shifts and multiplicities provides support for the structural shell-filling model used previously to account for (benzene) N cluster spectra. In particular, evidence for isomeric forms of the B·C 6 cluster is interpreted in terms of axial and equatorial sites in the pentagonal bipyramid structure.
A cycle index sum inversion theorem

Abstract A frequently encountered cycle index sum equation is one of the form Z ( W )[ Z ( T ′)] = Z ( C ), where Z ( C ) and Z ( T ) are well known and where the generating function W ( x ) is desired. W ( x ) is most efficiently computed by inverting the above equation to W ( x ) = Z ( C )[ M ( x )]. It is shown in this paper that the generating function M ( x ) which performs this inversion has a simple combinatorial description.
Real-Time Architecture for an Electro-Mech-Optical System for Detection of Vehicles on Highway

A real-time architecture for a highway vehicle detection system is presented in the article. The Laser Based Detection System (LBDS), focused on helping the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), measures a key quantitative parameter of vehicles moving across a link of highway, namely, travel time. Travel time is based upon the identifying and reidentifying vehicles at various points on the highway. This article provides a method to collect real-time signals from an active laser source in the LBDS and calculate vehicle parameters using a standard computer. A method of message exchange between a real-time kernel process, for real-time data acquisition, and a user space process, for computing and displaying, is given under the RTLinux environment. Experimental results from field tests have shown that the application of the real-time architecture to the LBDS provides speeds deterministically.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Swarming and Mating Behavior in Laboratory Colonies of Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Swarming and mating behavior were studied in a laboratory colony of Aedes triseriatus (Say). Swarming occurred only in the evening. The origin of a swarm can be detected by the flight characteristics of a single male. The configuration of a swarm is influenced by the size of the male population. Mating occurred only when males swarmed. The sequence of events in mating is described from the time of first contact to the final copulating position. The relationship of age to swaiming and mating is described.
11q21.1‐11q23.3 Is a site of intrinsic genomic instability triggered by irradiation

The chromosome location, 11q21-23, is linked to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in multiple tumors including those of breast, lung, and head and neck. To examine the process of LOH induction, the H292 cell line (human muco-epidermoid carcinoma) was irradiated or treated with anti-CD95 antibody, and individual clones isolated through two rounds of cloning. Regions of LOH were determined by screening a suite of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers covering 11p15-11q24 using fluorescent primers and genetic analyzer peak discrimination. LOH induction was observed extending through 11q21.1-11q23.3 in 6/49 of clones surviving 4 Gy and 8/50 after 8 Gy. Analysis of selected clones by Affymetrix 6.0 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays confirmed the initial assessment indicating a consistent 27.3-27.7 Mbp deletion in multiple clones. The telomeric border of LOH mapped to a 1 Mbp region of elevated recombination. Whole genome analysis of SNP data indicated that site-restricted LOH also occurred across multiple additional genomic locations. These data indicate that 11q21.1-11q23.3, and potentially other regions of this cell line are sites of intrinsic cell-specific instability leading to LOH after irradiation. Such deletions may subsequently be propagated by genetic selection and clonal expansion.
Heart rate and oxygen consumption relationship changes following intense training

Seven male competitive runners (maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max] 66.2 ± 3.6 ml.kg‐1‐min‐1) participated in an evaluation of the effect of intense training on the relationships between heart rate (HR), VO2, and running speed. To establish a baseline relationship, subjects twice performed four randomly ordered steady‐state runs at a constant grade of 2.5%, and one maximal graded exercise test, following days of moderate intensity training (approximately 80% of v"O2max). After baseline determination, subjects trained at a high intensity (approximately 90 to 95% of VO2max) for 2 consecutive days. Following the 2 high‐intensity training days, subjects repeated the steady‐state treadmill running and performed another maximal exercise test. After the intense training period, HR was significantly reduced for any given running speed (p < 0.05), with a mean reduction for the four running speeds of 154 ± 7 to 149 ± 7 beats/min. Maximal HR was also significantly reduced following the intense training from 193 ± 12...
A Normative Study of Representational Play at the Transition to Language

A theoretical sequence of cognitive developments is proposed as influencing representational play and language in the second year of life. Scale analysis supported an ordinal sequence of play developments for 102 children (cross-sectional sample, 8 to 24 months of age) and a comparable longittudinal sample of 10 children, despite some inconsistency of temporal placement and overlap of onset time. Structural and temporal links between play and language indicate the influence of developing mental representation, but variation in timing of developments points to the influence of intervening variables. A dynamic systems perspective (E. Thelen, 1989) provides a useful descriptive framework for the transition to language
Goodbye to the Number 2 Pencil

The author looks beyond the current standardized tests to imagine what educational testing that increases learning could be.
Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet

Abstract OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the incidence and determinants of sudden death (SUD) in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet (MR-FL). BACKGROUND Sudden death is a catastrophic complication of MR-FL. Its incidence and predictability are undefined. METHODS The occurrence of SUD was analyzed in 348 patients (age 67 ± 12 years) with MR-FL diagnosed echocardiographically from 1980 through 1994. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 48 ± 41 months, 99 deaths occurred under medical treatment. Sudden death occurred in 25 patients, three of whom were resuscitated. The sudden death rates at five and 10 years were 8.6 ± 2% and 18.8 ± 4%, respectively, and the linearized rate was 1.8% per year. By multivariate analysis, the independent baseline predictors of SUD were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (p = 0.006), ejection fraction (p = 0.0001) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.059). The yearly linearized rate of sudden death was 1% in patients in functional class I, 3.1% in class II and 7.8% in classes III and IV. However, of 25 patients who had SUD, at baseline, 10 (40%) were in functional class I, 9 (36%) were in class II and only 6 (24%) in class III or IV. In five patients (20%), no evidence of risk factors developed until SUD. In patients with an ejection fraction ≥60% and sinus rhythm, the linearized rate of SUD was not different in functional classes I and II (0.8% per year). Surgical correction of MR (n = 186) was independently associated with a reduced incidence of SUD (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.29 [0.11 to 0.72], p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Sudden death is relatively common in patients with MR-FL who are conservatively managed. Patients with severe symptoms, atrial fibrillation and reduced systolic function are at higher risk, but notable rates of SUD have been observed without these risk factors. Correction of MR appears to be associated with a reduced incidence of SUD, warranting early consideration of surgical repair.
Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants

Woody perennials do not appear to go through a defined senescence phase but do have predictable developmental stages. Reduced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance have been reported at all developmental transitions, although some studies have shown the opposite. What causes these changes and why do results differ among studies? Do these changes result from or cause changes in growth? What are the roles of genetics, size, changing conditions and cumulative environmental stress in aging trees? Definitive answers remain elusive but recent research is helping to clarify some of the processes associated with aging and to point the way for further study.
A Multiobjective Approach to Design Franchise Outlet Networks

The economic goals and the resulting locational objectives of a franchisor and its individual franchisees are frequently in conflict. For example, one goal of the franchisor is to maximize system-wide market coverage, while the corresponding goal of the franchisee is to maximize his or her individual market share. Consequently, the optimal facility siting scheme from one perspective may be suboptimal from the other. That is, the facility siting scheme which maximizes system-wide coverage will not necessarily maximize the market shares of the individual franchises which make up the system. In this paper we introduce a multiobjective integer programming model to design franchise networks. The model selects franchise locations and identifies individual franchise market areas. Constraints in the formulation guarantee that all franchise locations are assigned at least a minimal threshold market area with sufficient demand to ensure economic survival. An underlying assumption of the model is that a rationing mechanism exists to assign demand to various franchise locations. Consequently, the model is most appropriate for service delivery franchises in which the franchisor can define and enforce exclusive franchise territories for the various franchise outlets. The purpose of this model is to generate alternative siting configurations which demonstrate the inherent trade-offs between the objectives of the franchisor and the individual franchisees. Given these various location alternatives, it is expected that the franchisor will then evaluate them in terms of other criteria such as the likelihood of the individual franchisee's success, pricing strategies for the various sites, total costs, total profit, and the effects of the response of competitors. Consequently, the proposed model should be viewed as an aid for one aspect of the decision process, i.e. the generation of alternative courses of action.
Relationships Among Grain Sorghum Quality Factors

ABSTRACT Correlations among grain sorghum quality factors (proximate composition, physical properties, and water absorption properties) were evaluated. Samples of 46 commercial hybrids (24 and 22 from crop years 1993 and 1994) were analyzed for starch, protein, crude free fat, test weight, absolute density, 1,000 kernel weight, percent kernel abraded, water absorption index, initial water absorption rate, and moisture saturation point. Test weight, absolute density, and percent kernel abraded were positively correlated among themselves (r > 0.5). Protein was negatively correlated with both test weight and absolute density (r < -0.5), while moisture saturation point showed negative correlations with test weight, absolute density, 1,000 kernel weight, and percent kernel abraded (r < -0.4). Principal component factor analysis through the covariance matrix explained 95% of the total variation of quality factors among hybrids (two factors), and, through the correlation matrix, 85% of the total variation (five ...
Standard Errors of Parameter Estimates in the ETAS Model

Abstract Point process models such as the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model have been widely used to analyze and describe seismic catalogs and to perform short-term forecasting. The standard errors of parameter estimates in the ETAS model are significant and cannot be ignored. This paper uses simulations to explore the accuracy of conventional standard error estimates based on the Hessian matrix of the log-likelihood function of the ETAS model. We show that such error estimates are not accurate when the observed space-time window is small. One must only cautiously trust the Hessian-based standard error estimates for this model when using local datasets with time windows of several years in length. The standard errors for all parameter estimates introduced by magnitude errors in typical earthquake catalogs are found to be smaller than those introduced by choosing a finite time window. However, neither effect is insignificant.
Faddeev-Popov ghosts and (1+1)-dimensional black-hole evaporation.

Recently Callan, Giddings, Harvey, and the author derived a set of one-loop semiclassical equations describing black-hole formation and/or evaporation in two-dimensional dilaton gravity conformally coupled to {ital N} scalar fields. These equations were subsequently used to show that an incoming matter wave develops a black-hole-type singularity at a critical value {phi}{sub cr} of the dilaton field. In this paper a modification to these equations arising from the Faddeev-Popov determinant is considered and shown to have dramatic effects for {ital N}{lt}24, in which case {phi}{sub cr} becomes complex. The {ital N}{lt}24 equations are solved along the leading edge of an incoming matter shock wave and found to be nonsingular. The shock wave arrives at future null infinity in a zero-energy state, gravitationally cloaked by negative-energy Hawking radiation. Static black-hole solutions supported by a radiation bath are also studied. The interior of the event horizon is found to be nonsingular and asymptotic to de Sitter space for {ital N}{lt}24, at least for sufficiently small mass. It is noted that the one-loop approximation is {ital not} justified by a small parameter for small {ital N}. However an alternate theory (with different matter content) is found for which the same equations arise to leadingmore » order in an adjustable small parameter.« less
Homologue engagement controls meiotic DNA break number and distribution

Meiotic recombination promotes genetic diversification as well as pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes, but the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination are dangerous lesions that can cause mutation or meiotic failure. How cells control DSBs to balance between beneficial and deleterious outcomes is not well understood. Here we test the hypothesis that DSB control involves a network of intersecting negative regulatory circuits. Using multiple complementary methods, we show that DSBs form in greater numbers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking ZMM proteins, a suite of recombination-promoting factors traditionally regarded as acting strictly downstream of DSB formation. ZMM-dependent DSB control is genetically distinct from a pathway tying break formation to meiotic progression through the Ndt80 transcription factor. These counterintuitive findings suggest that homologous chromosomes that have successfully engaged one another stop making breaks. Genome-wide DSB maps uncover distinct responses by different subchromosomal domains to the ZMM mutation zip3 (also known as cst9), and show that Zip3 is required for the previously unexplained tendency of DSB density to vary with chromosome size. Thus, feedback tied to ZMM function contributes in unexpected ways to spatial patterning of recombination.
A projected dynamical systems model of general financial equilibrium with stability analysis

In this paper, we present a dynamic model of general financial equilibrium. The model assumes utility-maximizing sectors in the economy that take the prices of the financial instruments as given. The economy, in turn, determines prices of the instruments that balance the supplies and demands. The financial adjustment process is shown to satisfy a projected dynamical system. This methodology is then used to establish, under certain conditions on the utility functions, both the stability and the asymptotical stability of the equilibrium asset, liability, and price pattern. This approach unveils a dynamic approach to competitive equilibrium problems that have, heretofore, been studied, principally, in the static framework of finite-dimensional variational inequality theory.
Long-term suppressive antimicrobial therapy for intravascular device-related infections.

ABSTRACT Background Long-term suppressive antimicrobial therapy is an alternative treatment choice in patients with medical device-related infection who are not eligible for surgical device removal for attempted cure. There is a paucity of data published that examines this treatment option. Methods Members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Emerging Infections Network were polled to identify patients with intravascular device-related infections who were not candidates for surgery and were given long-term antimicrobial therapy to suppress clinical manifestations of infection. Results Clinical and microbiologic data were collected retrospectively for 51 patients. Sixty-nine percent of patients were men; vascular grafts were the most common type of medical device infected [30 (58.8%) patients]. Sixty-three percent (32 of 51) of cases involved Gram-positive cocci. A variety of antimicrobials were administered as chronic suppressive therapy, with β -lactams used most frequently (39.2%). Therapy ranged from 3 months to 10 years. Three (7.32%) of 41 patients in whom follow-up data were available developed relapsing infection while on long-term suppressive therapy. Three other patients suffered drug adverse events. Conclusions Overall, long-term suppressive therapy was well-tolerated and efficacious in preventing signs of infection relapse.
The terms of the debate: Untangling language about ethnicity and ethnic movements

Abstract Theoretical debates on ethnicity suffer from a general confusion about the divergent meanings which academics ascribe to key terms. ‘Primordialist’ approaches include biological, psychological and cultural explanations, whose conflation tends to confuse proponents and critics alike. ‘Instrumentalist’ approaches conflate all ethnic movements within a profile of political opportunism, failing to recognize the varying degrees to which underlying social‐institutional incompatibilities may contribute to ethnic conflict. ‘Constructivist’ approaches vacillate between a focus on the influence of intellectual ethnic discourse and an understanding of ethnic identity as developing out of wider bodies of social experience. Greater attention to the varying contribution of ‘deep’ culture to ethnic conflict can clarify why these subschools find such differences among ethnic movements, which can indeed be understood to vary along a spectrum of political functions: at one pole, ethnic movements seek to inflate et...
Disconnecting occipitoreticular projections: Amnestic effects on a visual habit in the rat

Rats previously trained on a horizontal-vertical discrimination problem showed a significant deficit in retention following bilateral longitudinal knife cuts situated between the lateral cerebral peduncle and the midbrain reticular formation. Similarly placed incisions produced no significant effect on retention of a nonvisual (kinesthetic) discrimination problem. These results further support the notion that an occipitoreticular pathway (which leaves the lateral portion of the cerebral peduncle at nigral levels to terminate in the brainstem reticular formation) is involved in the performance of discriminative responses to visual cues.
Effect of corporal and antral gastrojejunostomy on canine gastric emptying of solid spheres and liquids.

Gastric emptying of solids and liquids was measured in 12 dogs with and without corporal or antral gastrojejunostomy. Both types of stoma hastened the onset but did not alter the time from onset to complete emptying of 40 small plastic spheres. Corporal gastrojejunostomy slowed the emptying of 400 ml. of 154 mM NaCl but not of 500 mM glucose, whereas antral gastrojejunostomy slowed the emptying of both.
Compliance with Requests for Complementary-Alternative Medicine Referrals

Abstract Background: A majority of primary care physicians in many Western countries have referred patients for complementary and alternative medicine. Patient requests appear to be one of the primary determinants of CAM referral behavior. The present study was designed to identify potential correlates of compliance with these requests for referral. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of family practitioners, internists, and pediatricians. A total of 783 physicians responded regarding their prior training, requests for referrals, referrals made, attitudes, and observations of harmful/beneficial effects related to each of 16 specific CAM therapies. Results: At least 10% of the physicians had received one or more patient requests for referral for 15 of the 16 CAM therapies listed. When compliance was liberally defined as honoring at least one patient's request for a referral to a specific therapy, 11 of the 16 therapies registered compliance rates of 50% or greater. Physicians were most likely to comply with requests for biofeedback/relaxation therapies, massage/therapeutic touch, hypnotherapy, and prayer/spiritual direction. They were least likely to refer patients for homeopathy, herbal medicine, and megavitamin therapies. Conclusions: Physicians who have observed beneficial effects of a CAM therapy, consider a CAM therapy to be a legitimate medical practice, or have had training in a therapy are more likely to comply with requests for referral.
IRREGULAR WAVES ON VISCOUS FALLING FILMS

Abstract A thin viscous film falling down a vertical plane is studied. In particular, the interfacial wave is analyzed via a long-wave evolution equation of Benney type. Three instabilities are discussed in relation to the generation of chaotic waves observed in many experiments. The primary wave motion is induced by the surface-wave instability, and the waves can subsequently become chaotic due to spatially-subharmonic and three-dimensional instabilities. These secondary instabilities are demonstrated by numerical simulation in a spatially periodic domain. The evolution equation contains a description of the deterministic chaos.
Silicon enhanced carbon nanotube growth on nickel films by chemical vapor deposition

Silicon enhances carbon nanotube growth on nickel films by chemical vapor deposition using methane and hydrogen. Nanotube growth characteristic is significantly improved on nickel films patterned by argon plasma etching on silicon oxide layers. Auger electron spectroscopy shows that a reduced silicon phase forms in the surface silicon oxide layer by Ar ion bombardment used for patterning. The enhanced growth of carbon nanotubes could be ascribed to an oxygen removal effect by silicon in the process of synthesis.
Importance of optimum amounts of virus to demonstrate neutralizing antibody rise in convalescent poliomyelitis sera.

SummaryThe formation of neutralizing antibodies against their own virus was studied in 38 poliomyelitis patients. In the sera of 35 (92%), 5-fold or greater antibody increases were demonstrated. Twenty-nine (76%) exhibited rises between 10 and 500-fold. The average dose of virus used in separate tests was about 3 log dilutions. “Box” neutralization tests revealed that little or no antibody increase was demonstrable in the zones of antibody or virus excess. Substantial antibody rises were obtained in the middle zones, when between 2.5 and 4.6 log dilutions of virus were used. A similar trend of antibody increase was found with homotypic virus studied in two individuals. These results seem to indicate a relation between increase in neutralizing antibody and concentration of virus in the test. The mechanism by which this phenomenon operates is not understood but it appears to have both fundamental and practical implications.
A comparative study of copper-67 radiolabeling and kinetic stabilities of antibody-macrocycle chelate conjugates

Background. The development of new chelating agents and radiolabeling protocols is essential to progress in radioimmunotherapy with antibody-chelate conjugates. Methods. Immunoconjugates of four polyazamacrocycles with N-bonded acetate groups were prepared by conjugation via 2-iminothiolane to Lym-1, a murine anti-lymphoma immunoglobulin G 2a MoAb. To optimize 67 Cu radiolabeling, complexation conditions were explored. The kinetic stabilities in vitro in human serum of four 67 Cu labeled immunoconjugates were investigated
Volume hologram formation in liquid-crystal/photopolymer mixtures

We present a study of the real-time formation of volume holographic reflection gratings in a liquid-crystal/photopolymer mixture. The diffraction efficiency for s- and p-polarization, Bragg wavelength, and laser scattering are monitored as the grating is formed. We present a model of grating formation that incorporates the photophysics of the initiator dye, reaction-diffusion equations of the monomer-polymer-liquid crystal system, phase separation of the liquid crystal, nematic order evolution, and volume shrinkage of the polymer. The model yields good qualitative agreement with experimental data. We discuss the physics of the system as it evolves in time and describe the effects of various phenomena on the diffraction efficiency of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal gratings.
Disassembly and material recovery models for end-of-life electronics products

In spite of growing environmental concerns about the disposal of mass produced products, there are few products which are economically viable to recycle. In general recycling results in an increase in product life-cycle costs. Increasing the efficiency of recycling operations will reduce the economic burden of recycling, thus providing an additional incentive for recycling. This paper presents models that consider the options of disassembly and material recovery for electronics products. Mathematical programming models, representative of the many choices for recycling are presented as well as a numerical illustration highlighting the use of the model for selecting the best recycling options.
Glomerular size-selective barrier dysfunction in nephrotoxic serum nephritis

Glomerular size-selective barrier dysfunction in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. We have previously reported amelioration of heavy proteinuria, vascular sclerosis and glomerular structural damage by antihypertensive therapy in nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). In the present study, we examine glomerular permselectivity in this hypertensive form of NSN and the effect of hypertension treatment on size-selective barrier function. Mean arterial pressure was maintained at normoten-sive levels (mean 123 ± 3mm Hg) with a combination of hydralazine, hydrochlorthiazide and reserpine in 7 nephritic rats, while 10 untreated rats remained hypertensive (mean 165 ± 4mm Hg). At six weeks, glomerular filtration rate was reduced in untreated rats (mean 0.54 ml/min) but was preserved in those rendered normotensive (mean 1.71 ml/min,P
SU-E-T-40: R&V System Direct-Accessing MU Second Check Tool

Purpose: In contrast to commercial dose (MU) second check software using data from treatment planning system, we developed the software which can directly access commercial record and verify, Mosaiq system ‐ to perform the MU and data integrity checks. Methods: Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) and ActiveX Data Objects for .NET (ADO.NET) were used to access Mosaiq SQL server directly to retrieve the essential treatment parameters for MU second check. ADO was supported in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA); therefore, ADO was first applied to retrieve Mosaiq's parameters to our in‐house MU Calc Excel spreadsheet for non‐IMRT plan MU check. To perform more sophisticated data retrieving and dose calculation, ADO.NET was applied to develop an IMRT second check program using Microsoft Visual C#. Results: By using either ADO or ADO.NET, user can access Mosaiq database server directly to retrieve the corresponding fields through SQL queries. Patient identification (Pat_ID1)can be obtained from vw PatBro_Identifiers table through either IDA or Last_Name columns. Prescription ‐ (such as SIT_ID, Site_Name, Energy, Dose_Tx) can be read from Site table. Treatment field parameters (gantry, collimator, field aperture, accessories, and MLC for each control points) canbe found in T×Field and T×FieldPoints tables. The dose at the check point can be calculated according to those parameters retrieved directly from Mosaiq then compared with treatment planning result. Conclusion: Since patients are treated with parameters from R&V system, to perform a MU second check and data transfer from planning system check on the R&V system provides the most straightforward quality assurance control, especially in a heterogeneous vendor environment. Currently, our tools only work on Mosaiq. However, this concept and technique should be applied to other R&V systems.
Differential Energy Absorption X-Ray Cassette

A special cassette was designed to enhance radiographic image contrast using two intensifying screens which preferentially absorb in different regions of the x-ray energy spectrum, and which expose corresponding emulsions. The emulsions are developed in subtractive colors to display the structure of interest as variations in both intensity and hue. Theoretical expressions for contrast enhancement available with various screen combinations were made. Preliminary phantom color radiographs show the potential of this technique for contrast enchancement.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Book of Lord Shang Compared with Machiavelli and Hobbes

This essay argues that political realism is an effective heuristic for understanding The Book of Lord Shang (Shangjun Shu 商君書), which it compares to the political thought of Machiavelli and Hobbes. It first lays out the premises of political realism as they emerge from this comparison: the real is the guiding heuristic of political realism; historical change is the fundamental condition; the nature of human beings is selfish but can also form customs favorable to political order. Based on these premises, the essay then discusses the major propositions of political realism: the purpose of central authority is to provide the multitude with the benefits of order and to reward the ruler; the benefits of order warrant the commission of cruel deeds, also called the reason of state in the West; legal and extra-legal actions are the means by which the central authority imposes order and counters contingency; punishment is the primary means to make the laws prevail. The essay closes with considering the question of whether a fully implemented realist order could put an end to historical change.
Protecting Haploid Polymorphisms in Temporally Variable Environments

Analysis of a continuous-time model shows that a protected polymorphism can arise in a haploid population subject to temporal fluctuations in selection. The requirements are that population size is regulated in a density-dependent manner and that an allele's arithmetic mean relative growth rate is greater than one when rare and that its harmonic mean relative growth rate is less than one when common. There is no requirement that relative growth rate be frequency dependent. Comparisons with discrete-time models show that the standard formalism used by population genetics ignores forced changes in generation time as rare advantageous alleles sweep into a population. In temporally variable environments, frequency-dependent changes in generation times tend to counteract these invasions. Such changes can prevent fixation and protect polymorphisms.
Non-isothermal flow between rotating disks

Abstract Consideration is given to laminar axially symmetric flow and heat transfer between two horizontal disks which rotate around a common axis with a common angular velocity. The temperatures of both disks are constant with that of the upper disk being hotter. The centrifugal body force drives a tangential velocity through its coupling with the Coriolis force in a thermal layer near the lower disk. Ekman layers are produced on each disk and heat is convected by the secondary axial flow. Significant convective transport occurs for σβϵ− 1 2 ⪢ 1, where σ is the Prandtl number, ϵ is the inverse of rotational Reynolds number, and β is the product of a temperature difference and the thermal coefficient of expansion. A perturbation solution is carried out for σβϵ− 1 2 ⪢ 1. Some numerical solutions are given for lower rotational rates.
Theoretical studies of Se clusters in zeolite LTA

We study theoretically the properties of small Se clusters in zeolite Linde type A (LTA). We first study free space Se clusters to establish which geometries are preferred without the influence of the zeolite cage. We next investigate the electronic and optical properties of ring-like Se clusters inside the large α-cages of LTA. We find that Se clusters inside cages of silacious LTA have very little interaction with the zeolite, and that the HOMO-LUMO gaps are very nearly those of the isolated cluster. We find that the zeolite/Se8 nanocomposite is lower in energy than the two separated systems.