cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Any-Com Multi-robot Path-Planning: Maximizing Collaboration for Variable Bandwidth

We identify a new class of algorithms for multi-robot problems called “Any-Com” and present the first algorithm belonging to that class: “Any-Com intermediate solution sharing” (or Any-Com ISS) for multi-robot path planning. Any-Com algorithms find a suboptimal solution quickly and then refine that solution subject to communication constraints. This is analogous to the “Any-Time” framework, in which a suboptimal solution is found quickly, and refined as time permits. The current paper focuses on the task of finding a coordinated set of collisionfree paths for all robots in a common area. The computational load of calculating a solution is distributed among all robots, such that the robotic team becomes a distributed computer. Any-Com ISS is probabilistically/resolution complete and a particular robot contributes to the global solution as much as communication reliability permits. Any-Com ISS is “Centralized” in the planning-algorithmic sense that all robots are viewed as pieces of a composite robot; however, there is no dedicated leader and all robots have the same priority. Previous centralized multi-robot navigation algorithms make assumptions about communication topology and bandwidth that are often invalid in the real world. Any-Com allows for collaborative problem solving with graceful performance declines as communication deteriorates. Results are validated experimentally with a team of 5 robots.
Optimal tracking and power allocation over an additive white noise channel

In this paper, we study the optimal tracking performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), linear and time-invariant system over a parallel additive white noise (AWN) channel. We adopt the power of the tracking error as a measure of the performance and examine the best achievable performance by all two-parameter stabilizing controllers. In addition, we investigate a scaling scheme of the channel to counter the noise and achieve better performance. We show explicitly that the tracking performance is constrained by the plant unstable poles, as well the power constraint and the channel noise level. Furthermore, we examine the power allocation strategy across the sub-channels under this optimal control scheme. It is also found that for decentralized plant with independently designed scaling factors, the tracking system distributes more power to the more demanding sub-channels.
Backward-wave oscillator starting conditions

Detailed calculations of the starting conditions for backward-wave oscillations were carried out in the region 0 < QC < 0.25. The coupled-mode theory is called upon to explain the complex nature of the propagation constants for backward-wave interaction.
A direct approach for solving 3D EFIE with double gradient of the Green's function

In this paper, a direct approach for solving the 3D EFIE including the double gradient of the Green's function (second form) is developed. The direct solution for the equation is thought to be prohibitive due to the existence of super-hyper singularities in the kernel for self-interaction terms. The closed-form expressions for these super-hyper singular integrations are derived in a limiting sense and the solving of the equation directly is made possible. Moreover, analytical formulas for the weakly singular integrations in the limiting sense (i.e. w/sub 0/ /spl ne/ 0) are derived. These formulas can be used to calculate the near-interaction terms exactly no matter how close to the source patch the observation point is. This approach also allows one to represent the current using pulse-like bases with simplicity and flexibility, albeit in a lower-order approximation. A higher-order approximation for the current can be considered in the future.
Heart Motion Prediction Based on Adaptive Estimation Algorithms for Robotic-Assisted Beating Heart Surgery

Robotic-assisted beating heart surgery aims to allow surgeons to operate on a beating heart without stabilizers as if the heart is stationary. The robot actively cancels heart motion by closely following a point of interest (POI) on the heart surface - a process called active relative motion canceling. Due to the high bandwidth of the POI motion, it is necessary to supply the controller with an estimate of the immediate future of the POI motion over a prediction horizon in order to achieve sufficient tracking accuracy. In this paper, two least-squares-based prediction algorithms, using an adaptive filter to generate future position estimates, are implemented and studied. The first method assumes a linear system relation between the consecutive samples in the prediction horizon. On the contrary, the second method performs this parametrization independently for each point over the whole the horizon. The effects of predictor parameters and variations in heart rate on tracking performance are studied with constant and varying heart rate data. The predictors are evaluated using a three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) test bed and prerecorded in vivo motion data. Then, the one-step prediction and tracking performances of the presented approaches are compared with an extended Kalman filter predictor. Finally, the essential features of the proposed prediction algorithms are summarized.
Investigation of the flow in the diffuser section of the NASA Lewis icing research tunnel

The flow in the diffuser section of the Icing Research Wind Tunnel at NASA Lewis Research Center is investigated using both tunnel calibration measurements and numerical simulation techniques. Local pressure and temperature measurements are made to establish velocity and temperature profiles in the diffuser of the tunnel. These profiles are compared with similar measurements made prior to renovating the equipment which generates the tunnel's icing cloud. This comparison indicates the manner in which this change affected the flow. The measured data were also compared with a numerical simulation of the flow to help understand how such changes may favorably alter the tunnel flow.
Estrogen Receptors in Cultured Rat Uterine Cells: Induction of Progesterone Receptors in the Absence of Estrogen Receptor Processing

When cultured rat uterine cells were treated for up to 6 h with 5 nM 17β-estradiol, no decrease in the [3H] estradiol-binding capacity of the cells was observed (i.e. no processing). This was true whether the cells were treated directly with 5 nM [3H]estradiol or with 5 nM unlabeled 17β-estradiol followed by homogenization and exchange with [3H]estradiol in vitro. In additional experiments, intact cells were treated with medium containing 5 nM [3H]estradiol for 30 min, and then that medium was removed and replaced with medium containing 5 nM unlabeled 17β-estradiol. Receptor-bound estradiol in intact cells was totally exchangeable with estradiol in the culture medium (t½ ∼90 min). Six-hour treatment of cells with 5 nM 17β-estradiol led to a 50% increase in the [3H]progesterone-binding capacity of the cells, while no loss of estrogen-binding capacity occurred. These results indicate that progesterone receptors can be induced by estrogen in the rat uterus in the absence of estrogen receptor processing. (End...
NPCEditor: A Tool for Building Question-Answering Characters.

NPCEditor is a system for building and deploying virtual characters capable of engaging a user in spoken dialog on a limited domain. The dialogue may take any form as long as the character responses can be specified a priori. For example, NPCEditor has been used for constructing question answering characters where a user asks questions and the character responds, but other scenarios are possible. At the core of the system is a state of the art statistical language classification technology for mapping from user's text input to system responses. NPCEditor combines the classifier with a database that stores the character information and relevant language data, a server that allows the character designer to deploy the completed characters, and a user-friendly editor that helps the designer to accomplish both character design and deployment tasks. In the paper we define the overall system architecture, describe individual NPCEditor components, and guide the reader through the steps of building a virtual character.
Frank in Light of Ferenczi: Commentary on Paper by Kenneth A. Frank

The subject of this discussion is Kenneth A. Frank's Paper “Strangers to ourselves: exploring the limits and potentials of the analyst's self awareness in self- and mutual analysis”. The author looks at Frank's ideas about this subject in light of some of the reflections put forth on it by Sandor Ferenczi, the “father” of mutual analysis. It seems that Ferenczi's thoughts about this are quite consonant with Frank's on both the potentials and limitations of the analyst's self awareness in self and mutual.
69-Year-Old Woman With Confusion and Fatigue.

Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN (H.M.K.); Advisor to resident and Consultant in Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.E.K.). A 69-year-old woman presented to her primary care physicianwith a 4-day history of fatigue and dizziness. She was 45 minutes late for her appointment because she had trouble driving to the office. She reported no motor or sensory deficits but had difficulty with coordination. Review of systems was positive for dysuria and urinary frequency. She did not have fever, chills, weight or appetite changes, respiratory, cardiac, or gastrointestinal symptoms, or recent head trauma. The patient’s medical history was remarkable for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Medications included metoprolol tartrate, lisinopril with hydrochlorothiazide, lovastatin, cholecalciferol, and as-needed calcium carbonate. She had smoked half a pack of cigarettes per day for 40 years but had quit smoking 6 years previously. She didnot use alcohol or illicit drugs. On examination, the patient was afebrile with a blood pressure of 104/67 mm Hg, heart rate of 76 beats/min, respiratory rate of 17 breaths/min, oxygen saturation of 94% while breathing room air, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height inmeters squared) of 39 kg/m. Shewas alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Her speech was dysarthric, and she had difficulty following simple commands. Her coordination was impaired with symmetric dysmetria on finger-to-nose testing, heel-kneeshin testing, and rapid alternating movements. Cranial nerves II through XII were intact. Results of motor and sensory examinations were within normal limits. Reflexes were symmetric. Lymph node, thyroid, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and skin examinations identified no abnormalities.
SIMS microanalyses for Au in silicates

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of silicates show high sensitivity for Au when an alkali metal primary beam is used in conjunction with detection of negative secondary ions and an electron flood gun for charge neutralization. Two approaches to analysis give good results: (1) Cs primary ions and high mass resolution analysis of secondary ions, and (2) K primary ions and energy filtering (50 ± 20 eV) of the secondary ions. The latter technique shows slightly higher sensitivity but requires modification of off-the-shelf SIMS instruments whereas the former technique is accessible to most magnetic sector SIMS as delivered. Study of National Institute of Standards and Technology glasses indicates detection levels below 100 ppb by weight (~10 ppb atomic).
Anatomic Segmentation of Mammograms Via Breast Model

This work proposes a model-based system for anatomic segmentation of mammograms. The system consists of a modeling suite — incorporating knowledge about the breast tissue characteristics, compression effects, and mammogram acquisition process — and an image processing suite — containing operators which capture various tissue characteristics. Once a segmentation task is specified, appropriate operators are invoked, based on the information from the modeling suite. Proposed approach is illustrated on the problem of detection of ductal network.
Limiting Judicial Discretion in Kenya's High Court: Towards a Statutory Framework for the Denial of Bails for Persons Arrested on Suspicion of Crimes of Terror

Under Kenya's Independence Constitution, capital offences such as murder, terrorism, and treason were not bailable, but its new 2010 Constitution makes all offences, irrespective of their gravity, bailable. Absent from the new constitution are guidelines to govern the grant or denial of bail. This is a clear defect in the prosecution of terrorists and capital offenders, which have grown in numbers in the past five years. In addition, the rights of suspected terrorists are excessively protected by an array of international conventions on human rights which have been domesticated by Kenya's new constitution, to the detriment of local and international societies. The High Court has failed to take advantage of legal instruments which would permit the denial of bail to terrorism suspects on a consistent basis. It is held that where terror suspects are increasingly committing deadly attacks while released on bail, the ability of High Court Judges to make bail decisions that are in the public interest is questionable at best. Only legislation or constitutional amendment restricting the right to bail for suspects of serious offenses will remove these decisions from the hands of Kenya's judges.
The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene SRM 1475. X. Gel Permeation Chromatography.

The determination of the integral molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the linear polyethylene sample (SRM 1475) by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is described. Both the experimental and mathematical details of column calibration and sample analysis are included.
Collective anticipation The contested circulation of an album leak

Album leaks have become a taken-for-granted experience amongst artists, labels, and fans over the past decade. The cultural impact of leaks is obscured through a simple definition of piracy, howeve...
Applying universal scaling laws to identify the best molecular design paradigms for third-order nonlinear optics

The scaling of the fundamental limits of the second hyperpolarizability is used to define the intrinsic second hyperpolarizability, which aids in identifying material classes with an ultralarge nonlinear optical response per unit of molecular size. The intrinsic nonlinear response is a size-independent metric that we apply to comparing classes of molecular homologues, which are made by adding repeat units to extend their lengths. Several new figures of merit are proposed that quantify not only the intrinsic nonlinear response, but also how the second hyperpolarizability increases with size within a molecular class. Scaling types can be classified into sub-scaling, nominal scaling that follows the theory of limits, and super-scaling behavior. Super-scaling homologues that have large intrinsic nonlinearity are the most promising because they efficiently take advantage of the increased size. We apply our approach to data in the literature to identify the best super-scaling molecular paradigms and articulate the important underlying parameters.
Modeling of the transformer windings under VFTO based on transfer-function

A modeling way of transformer windings under VFTO is presented based on transfer-functions in this paper.Firstly,the voltage transfer-functions are calculated from the S parameters which are measured by network analyzer.Secondly,the voltage transfer-functions are fitted with rational functions by vector fitting and then order-reduced by Routh approximation.Lastly,the resultant voltage transfer-functions are synthesized by lumped elements.The simulation results from the circuit are in good agreement with the measured.This shows that the method is correct.
P46 – 2873: Frequency of rescue medication administration and its effect on seizure duration in a European survey of children with epilepsy who experience prolonged acute convulsive seizures

Objective To compare parent-reported seizure duration with and without rescue medication in children with epilepsy who have prolonged acute convulsive seizures (PACS). Methods Practices in Emergency and Rescue medication For Epilepsy managed with Community-administered Therapy 3 (PERFECT-3) was a cross-sectional study conducted in Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. Eligible patients were non-institutionalized children aged 3–16 years who had been diagnosed with epilepsy ≥12 months previously, had experienced ≥1 PACS within the last 12 months and had currently prescribed rescue medication(s) for PACS. Investigators provided clinical assessments and parents/guardians completed web-based questionnaires. Statistical tests were post hoc; p values are descriptive, non-inferential and uncorrected for multiple comparisons. Results At baseline, most of the 286 enrolled patients had prescriptions for diazepam (69.2%) or midazolam (55.9%), and some had two (26.6%) or three (2.4%) prescribed rescue medications. Parents reported that the average length of children's prolonged seizures without rescue medication was 0 to Conclusions In this parent-reported survey of children with epilepsy who had ≥1 PACS in the previous year, significantly more children's seizures lasted
Why Quark Rhymes with Pork: And Other Scientific Diversions

A collection of offbeat, entertaining and primarily nontechnical essays on physics and those who practice it, from eminent theoretical physicist N. David Mermin. Bringing together for the first time all thirty of his columns published in Physics Today's Reference Frame series from 1988 to 2009, with updating commentary, this humorous and unusual volume includes thirteen other essays, many of them previously unpublished. Mermin's lively and penetrating writing illuminates a broad range of topics, from the implications of bad spelling in a major science journal, to the crises of science libraries and scientific periodicals, the folly of scientific prizes and honors, the agony of getting funding, and how to pronounce 'quark'. His witty observations and insightful anecdotes gleaned from a lifetime in science will entertain physicists at all levels, as well as anyone else interested in science or scientists at the turn of the twenty-first century.
Evaluation of usage and fuel savings of solar ovens in Nicaragua

Abstract Solar cooking technology has been promoted as a solution to both global poverty and environmental degradation, but relatively little research exists on the impact of solar oven usage on biomass fuel consumption. This study evaluates solar oven usage and wood consumption in northern Nicaragua during both the rainy and dry seasons, using surveys, temperature dataloggers, and direct measurements of fuelwood use. Solar oven owners reported usage on 79% of days during the dry season, and 41% of days during the rainy season. Comparison with oven temperature records confirmed usage on 50% of days during the dry season, and 16% of days during the rainy season. However, wood consumption measurements showed no statistically significant difference between days with solar oven usage and days without, suggesting that frequency of usage alone is not an appropriate proxy for fuel savings. Survey results suggest that a large part of solar oven usage came in addition to biomass cooking, as opposed to replacing it. These results suggest a need for further study of wood consumption in situ and more focus on the specific kinds of foods prepared in solar cookers, as well as local cultural and climatic conditions.
Mn Porphyrin-Based Redox-Active Therapeutics

Twenty-five years of development gave rise to several lead Mn porphyrins (MnPs) that proved of remarkable efficacy in animal models and are developed towards Clinic. The one, MnTE-2-PyP5+, is already in Canadian Clinical Trials on protection of islets during transplants, while the other one, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, has entered Phase I/II Clinical Trial at Duke University as a radioprotecor of normal brain with glioma patients. The Phase I/II Clinical Trial on radioprotection of salivary glands and mouth mucosa with head and neck cancer patients will start later in 2016.
Short- and Long-term Retention of Challenge Course Outcomes: A Classroom-based Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the retention of challenge course outcomes with the addition of intentional follow-up activities. The Challenge Course Experience Questionnaire (CCEQ) was administered to 101 participants in an introductory college course. The sample was divided into two separate groups: experimental group (EG; n = 67) and control group (CG; n = 34). Both groups completed a classroom-based challenge course program. Participants in the EG also included guided reflection-based activities throughout the semester and a facilitator-led activity. The CG only participated in the initial challenge course program. All participants significantly increased in CCEQ variables immediately following the program. However, the three-month follow-up revealed that the majority of variables decreased to preprogram levels for both groups. However, the variables had larger decreases in the CG. These findings have implications for challenge course programming in terms of long-term outcome retention. Sugg...
Identifying Model-Based and Model-Free Patterns in Behavior on Multi-Step Tasks

Recent years have seen a surge of research into the neuroscience of planning. Much of this work has taken advantage of a two-step sequential decision task developed by Daw et al. (2011), which gives the ability to diagnose whether or not subjects' behavior is the result of planning. Here, we present simulations which suggest that the techniques most commonly used to analyze data from this task may be confounded in important ways. We introduce a new analysis technique, which suffers from fewer of these issues. This technique also presents a richer view of behavior, making it useful for characterizing patterns in behavior in a theory-neutral manner. This allows it to provide an important check on the assumptions of more theory-driven analysis such as agent-based model-fitting.
Reaction Kinetics of Monomeric Anthocyanin Conversion to Polymeric Pigments and Their Significance to Color in Interspecific Hybrid Wines.

The color stability of red wines produced from interspecific hybrid grapes, which is partially dependent on anthocyanin diglucosides, is not well understood. In this study, the rate of decrease of monomeric anthocyanins as they polymerized to polymeric pigments due to the presence of excess catechin and acetaldehyde was measured in model wine using HPLC. Colorimetry was used to measure L*, a*, and b* values, hue angle, and change in color (ΔE). Concentrations of individual diglucosides decreased more slowly than monoglucosides. When monoglucosides and diglucosides were combined, the reaction rate of monoglucosides was slower than that of monoglucosides alone. Hue angles described transitions from red to red-orange, orange, or orange-yellow as anthocyanin-specific changes occurred. The evolution in color represents dynamic reactions between anthocyanins, catechin, and acetaldehyde. Consequently, wines containing high concentrations of diglucosides, such as those produced from interspecific hybrid grapes, w...
Hinduism and the mystical aestheticism of Gabriele D’Annunzio: “Una sensualità rapita fuor de’ sensi”

D’Annunzio’s cult of Beauty—his attention to, and interest in, all things beautiful—is well known and has been widely discussed. Yet, the nature of the spirituality which infuses this aestheticism ...
Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Medicine: the Road to Regenerative Therapies

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of current trends in stem cell research and its applications in cardiovascular medicine. Researches on different stem cell sources, their inherent characteristics, and the limitations they have in medical applications are discussed. Additionally, uses of stem cells for both modeling and treating cardiovascular disease are discussed, taking note of the obstacles these engineered interventions must overcome to be clinically viable.
Normal EOG Values of Young Subjects

Electro-oculograms were recorded from fifty normal subjects between fifteen and thirty years of age, 25 males and 25 females. Refractive error distributions were the same in both sex groups. Average EOG ratio for the male subjects was 2.28, for the females 2.49; this difference was statistically significant. Twenty subjects were retested on another day to establish limits on the intersession variability of the tests. 95% of the eyes retested were found to have an intersession variability of less than 0.6.
Information flow tracking in analog/mixed-signal designs through proof-carrying hardware IP

Information flow tracking (IFT) is a widely used methodology for ensuring data confidentiality in electronic systems and numerous such methods have been developed at various software or hardware description levels. Among them, proof-carrying hardware intellectual property (PCHIP) introduced an IFT methodology for digital hardware designs described in hardware description languages (HDLs). The risk of accidental information leakage, however, is not restricted to the digital domain. Indeed, analog signals originating from sources of sensitive information, such as biometric sensors, as well as analog outputs of a circuit, could carry or leak secrets. Moreover, similar to digital designs, analog circuits can also be contaminated with malicious information leakage channels capable of evading traditional manufacturing test. Compounding the problem, in analog/mixed-signal circuits such information leakage channels can cross the analog/digital or digital/analog interface, making their detection even harder. To this end, in this paper we introduce a PCHIP-based methodology which enables systematic formal evaluation of information flow policies in analog/mixed-signal designs. As we demonstrate, by integrating IFT across the digital and analog domain, our method is able to detect sensitive data leakage from the digital domain to the analog domain and vice versa, without requiring any modification of the current analog/mixed-signal circuit design flow.
Random Walk Techniques

Assume a completely stationary random tree* with freezing barriers at α and −β(α,β > 0). We can assume without loss of generality that the starting point is at x = 0. For the jth particle at time n, define (4.3)
Plasticity of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2-Sae2 nuclease ensemble in the processing of DNA-bound obstacles

The budding yeast Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex and Sae2 function together in DNA end resection during homologous recombination. Here we show that the Ku complex shields DNA ends from exonucleolytic digestion but facilitates endonucleolytic scission by MRX with a dependence on ATP and Sae2. The incision site is enlarged into a DNA gap via the exonuclease activity of MRX, which is stimulated by Sae2 without ATP being present. RPA renders a partially resected or palindromic DNA structure susceptible to MRX-Sae2, and internal protein blocks also trigger DNA cleavage. We present models for how MRX-Sae2 creates entry sites for the long-range resection machinery.
An Empirical Study of the Framework Impact on the Security of JavaScript Web Applications

\textitBackground: JavaScript frameworks are widely used to create client-side and server-side parts of contemporary web applications. Vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting introduce significant risks in web applications.\\ \textitAim: The goal of our study is to understand how the security features of a framework impact the security of the applications written using that framework.\\ \textitMethod: In this paper, we present four locations in an application, relative to the framework being used, where a mitigation can be applied. We perform an empirical study of JavaScript applications that use the three most common template engines: Jade/Pug, EJS, and Angular. Using automated and manual analysis of each group of applications, we identify the number of projects vulnerable to cross-site scripting, and the number of vulnerabilities in each project, based on the framework used.\\ \textitResults: We analyze the results to compare the number of vulnerable projects to the mitigation locations used in each framework and perform statistical analysis of confounding variables.\\ \textitConclusions: The location of the mitigation impacts the application's security posture, with mitigations placed within the framework resulting in more secure applications.
Kinematic Scattering of Waves and Diffraction Conditions

In this chapter, kinematic scattering from electrons in atoms arranged in periodic cubic lattices is described. The Laue diffraction conditions in the reciprocal space lattice are derived based on wave interference from periodic lattices. Ewald sphere construction and its interception with a reciprocal lattice are presented to illustrate the requirements of Laue conditions. The structure factors from various lattices provide conditions for allowed diffraction and forbidden diffraction from different lattices.
Abiotic Drivers of Ecological Structure and Function in Urban Systems

The interactions between abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors define ecosystem ecology, and form an essential foundation for any effort to understand urban wildlife. The study of ecosystems considers the flow of energy and materials between organisms and their physical environment. For instance, how much energy enters an ecosystem through the process of primary production—the conversion of CO2, water, and solar energy into biomass—by plants significantly influences how many organisms an ecosystem can support. The interactions between abiotic and biotic components of urban systems are both fundamental to understanding the ecological functioning of cities and are used to explain wildlife-related phenomena, including trophic cascades, biodiversity, and species distribution across the landscape.
The Role of Motivation in an Ongoing Year-Long Program

Motivation is essential in a year-long program. Without positive, constructive intrinsic (internal) motivation, your after-school program can never succeed. Motivation is also an indispensable part of learning and mental wellness. If a student is not motivated, they will not show a desire or be willing to try. Without motivation, the student may give up or perceive that they are a failure. Such negative perceptions can lead to a state of learned helplessness or even depression (Seligman 1990). Self-ef?cacy is the motivational force which empowers students to succeed academically (Bandura 1977; Deci et al. 1996). Learning new skills, or learning something the student was unable to learn previously, is intrinsically motivating and exciting. Success is very encouraging. Group process, interaction, and positive group cohesion are the motivational forces which empower children and teens to achieve mental wellness. Working together with others in a supportive, cohesive group can be very satisfying—a true motivator. A group-centered after-school prevention program can serve as a working laboratory where students can experiment and develop new behaviors or approaches to learning. The question is how do you develop an after-school program which incorporates academic learning, counseling strategies to enhance well-being, and intrinsic motivation? In order to answer this question, we need to know a little bit more about motivation
High stretchability, strength and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin network

In many normal and abnormal physiological processes, including cellular migration during normal development and invasion in cancer metastasis, cells are required to withstand severe deformations. The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells under small deformations has been known to depend on the cytoskeleton including actin filaments (F-actin), microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs). However, it remains unclear how cells resist severe deformations since both F-actin and microtubules fluidize or disassemble under moderate strains. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs), a marker of mesenchymal cells, dominate cytoplasmic mechanics at large deformations. Our results show that cytoskeletal VIFs form a stretchable, hyperelastic network. This network works synergistically with other dissipative cytoplasmic components, substantially enhancing the strength, stretchability, resilience and toughness of the living cytoplasm.
Oceanic Turbulent Diffusion of Abiotic and Biotic Species

When a fluid flows in an orderly fashion, the flow is called “laminar.” On the other hand, when the fluid flows in an irregular fashion accompanied with mixing, the flow is called “turbulent.” For a neutrally stratified fluid a Reynolds number, which may be interpreted as the ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces, determines that a given flow will be laminar or turbulent. Thus in the upper layer of the ocean, the thickness of which ranges from 10 to 100 meters, a mean flow of 10 cm/sec gives Reynolds numbers ranging from 106 to 107, which are much larger than the critical Reynolds number for transition from a laminar to turbulent flow. This indicates that the flow in the upper layer, where a great many biological activities occur, must be fully turbulent.
An improved model of near-inertial wave dynamics

The YBJ equation (Young & Ben Jelloul, J. Marine Res., vol. 55, 1997, pp. 735–766) provides a phase-averaged description of the propagation of near-inertial waves (NIWs) through a geostrophic flow. YBJ is obtained via an asymptotic expansion based on the limit , where is the Burger number of the NIWs. Here we develop an improved version, the YBJ+ equation. In common with an earlier improvement proposed by Thomas, Smith & Buhler (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 817, 2017, pp. 406–438), YBJ+ has a dispersion relation that is second-order accurate in . (YBJ is first-order accurate.) Thus both improvements have the same formal justification. But the dispersion relation of YBJ+ is a Pade approximant to the exact dispersion relation and with of order unity this is significantly more accurate than the power-series approximation of Thomas et al. (2017). Moreover, in the limit of high horizontal wavenumber , the wave frequency of YBJ+ asymptotes to twice the inertial frequency . This enables solution of YBJ+ with explicit time-stepping schemes using a time step determined by stable integration of oscillations with frequency . Other phase-averaged equations have dispersion relations with frequency increasing as (YBJ) or (Thomas et al. 2017): in these cases stable integration with an explicit scheme becomes impractical with increasing horizontal resolution. The YBJ+ equation is tested by comparing its numerical solutions with those of the Boussinesq and YBJ equations. In virtually all cases, YBJ+ is more accurate than YBJ. The error, however, does not go rapidly to zero as the Burger number characterizing the initial condition is reduced: advection and refraction by geostrophic eddies reduces in the initial length scale of NIWs so that increases with time. This increase, if unchecked, would destroy the approximation. We show, however, that dispersion limits the damage by confining most of the wave energy to low . In other words, advection and refraction by geostrophic flows does not result in a strong transfer of initially near-inertial energy out of the near-inertial frequency band.
Making the Switch to 5G and 60 GHz in mHealth Applications Using USRP Hardware

The 5G networks will see implementation in mHealth in the upcoming years, and it becomes increasingly important to be able to test and develop software for the new generation of hardware. This new generation will likely utilize higher frequency bands in order to be considered 5G. The proposed method of utilizing USRP devices as testbeds should inform researchers of possibilities of emulating new software in real-world environments, to test for various parameters. This article uses other sources to explain the extent of 60 GHz communication capabilities of USRP devices in modern 5G research.
The dark side of helping behaviors: Partner support increases daily alcohol use in outpatients with a history of alcohol dependence

The primary goal of the present study was to systematically investigate the role of intimate partner support in alcohol use and to examine whether partner support serves a maladaptive function amon...
Facial Schwannoma Management Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

ObjectiveTo evaluate facial nerve outcomes of various management strategies for facial schwannomas by assimilating individualized patient data from the literature to address controversies in manage...
Acute transverse myelitis associated with SARS-CoV-2: A Case-Report

•The third case of acute transverse myelitis due to SARS-CoV-2 reported in the world.•Possible inflammatory complications affecting the myelin in spinal cord.•We must be vigilant of the critical neurological illnesses associated with COVID-19.
Preoperative psychometric properties of visual analog scale asessments for function, pain, and strength compared with legacy upper extremity outcome measures in glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Background Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used in orthopedic surgery; however, there is significant variability and burden associated with their administration. The visual analog scale (VAS) may represent an efficient, single-question method to establish functional baselines in a domain-specific manner for glenohumeral arthritis. Methods Single-question VAS measures assessing function, strength, and pain as a percentage of normal were administered alongside legacy PROMs in patients with primary glenohumeral arthritis in a preoperative setting between October 2015 and March 2017. PROM performance was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Both absolute and relative floor and ceiling effects were examined. Results A total of 70 patients (age 66.09 ± 9.84 years, body mass index 28.8 ± 9.77, 57.1% male, 54.2% right-sided) were included. The VAS Pain instrument (r = 0.45-0.64) outperformed the VAS Function (r = 0.23-0.62) and VAS Strength (r = 0.21-0.65) in correlation to preoperative PROMs. The performance of VAS Pain was comparable to American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES; r = 0.47-0.84). None of the VAS instruments in our study demonstrated preoperative floor effects (7.1%-8.6%) or ceiling effects (0.0%-4.3%). The most efficient instruments were Single-Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE; 0.87 ± 0.41 minutes), Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS UE CAT; 1.27 ± 1.30 minutes), and the triad of VAS measures (1.51 ± 1.61 minutes). Conclusion VAS Pain outperformed VAS Strength and Function relative to legacy PROMs, while performing comparable to ASES. None of the VAS measures were susceptible to significant floor or ceiling effects preoperatively. The VAS instruments along with SANE and PROMIS UE were the most time-efficient measures. VAS instruments may have a role in establishing preoperative baselines in those with glenohumeral arthritis in a simple, efficient, and adoptable manner.
Alimentos Ciencia e Ingeniería 20-1

El desarrollo debe ser de las personas, por las personas y para las personas y debe ser sostenido, permanentemente; esto presupone una vision integral del desarrollo que mucho mas alla de los agregados economicos. Tiene que ser un proceso rico en valores, que considere el medio ambiente, las relaciones sociales, la cultura, el trabajo y la produccion, el consumo, el ejercicio efectivo de los derechos y fundamentalmente que considere el buen vivir de todos los individuos y familias a traves de bienes y servicios necesarios para tener vida digna con bienestar y soberania alimentaria. En este marco referencial, la investigacion en la especialidad de Ingenieria en Alimentos a traves de la academia universitaria esta obligada a proporcionar continuamente alternativas tecnologicas que permitan alcanzar niveles mas altos en su produccion, productividad y calidad de los productos para atender la creciente demanda de alimentos sanos, nutritivos e inocuos, debe contribuir poderosamente a la consolidacion de la soberania alimentaria como un derecho ineludible de todos los ecuatorianos en un marco de equidad y sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales y medio ambiente. Tos consumidores actuales no solo demandan eficiencia en la produccion, sino tambien exige mas calidad de sus productos, esto hace necesario que la investigacion practicada sea innova¬dora, participativa, haciendo aparecer a los beneficiarios como actores principales de la experi¬mentacion, que los mismos como conocedores de la rea lidad, sean los artifices de ideas inno¬vadoras, las mismas que canalizadas con el conocimiento permitan a la Universidad ser el principal actor de desarrollo en los ambitos donde se les permite actuar, que tenga como proposito meta una verdadera difusion de pensamiento y de conocimiento, desarrollo, inno¬vacion, emprendimiento en beneficio de todos los actores sociales, creando espacios en los que los individuos exijan creacion y recreacion, que imponga liderazgos criticos, de construccion de conocimiento, de produccion de tecnologias para mejorar la calidad de vida, de respecto cultural, de continuo servicio, de pertenencia para actuar en la articulacion con los grandes proyectos de pais en ambitos de respecto y permanente consolidacion de procesos sociales.
Classification of Power Density Spectrum Features and Estimation of the δ-invariant Value for the Z Source GX 340+0

We present a theoretical analysis of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer data of Z source GX 340+0 obtained by Jonker et al. In the frameworks of the recently formulated transition layer model, the δ-angle is an angle between the neutron star (NS) magnetospheric axis and the disk (presumably NS rotational) axis. We determine the angle δ = 63 ± 03, which is a combination of the simultaneously observed kilohertz quasi-periodic and horizontal-branch oscillation frequencies. While these three frequencies change by a factor of 3 or more, their δ-combination stays almost constant. GX 340+0 is the fourth source (in addition to 4U 0614+09, Scorpius X-1, and 4U 1702-42) for which δ has been determined. With one (constrained) parameter, at most, we make a complete classification of six observed power spectral features, including the two kilohertz frequencies, the first and second harmonics of the horizontal-branch oscillation frequency, the low-frequency noise component, and the break frequencies. We demonstrate that a new component discovered by Jonker et al. in the GX 340+0 power spectrum is related to the viscous-frequency branch that has in fact been reported earlier in 4U 1728-34 by Ford & van der Klis. Finally, we reclassify several previously misidentified features in the power spectrum.
Deficiency of peroxisomal L-bifunctional protein (EHHADH) causes male-specific kidney hypertrophy and proximal tubular injury in mice

Background: Proximal tubular (PT) cells are enriched in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Whereas mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays an important role in kidney function by supporting the high-energy requirements of PT cells, the role of peroxisomal metabolism remains largely unknown. EHHADH, also known as L-bifunctional protein, catalyzes the second and third step of peroxisomal FAO. Methods: We studied kidneys of WT and Ehhadh KO mice using histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, RNA-sequencing, metabolomics and orchiectomy. Results: We observed male-specific kidney hypertrophy and glomerular filtration rate reduction in adult Ehhadh KO mice. Transcriptome analysis unveiled a gene expression signature similar to PT injury in acute kidney injury mouse models. This was further illustrated by the presence of KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), SOX-9, and Ki67-positive cells in the PT of male Ehhadh KO kidneys. Male Ehhadh KO kidneys had metabolite changes consistent with peroxisomal dysfunction as well as an elevation in glycosphingolipids levels. Orchiectomy of Ehhadh KO mice reversed kidney enlargement and decreased the number of KIM-1 positive cells. We reveal a pronounced sexual dimorphism in the expression peroxisomal FAO proteins in mouse kidney, underlining a role of androgens in the kidney phenotype of Ehhadh KO mice. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of EHHADH and peroxisomal metabolism in male kidney physiology and reveal peroxisomal FAO as a sexual dimorphic metabolic pathway in mouse kidneys.
Increasing Diversity in Pediatric Hospital Medicine: An Enduring Priority for a Young Subspecialty.

As children in America represent an increasingly racially and ethnically diverse population,1 the field of pediatrics faces the challenge of optimizing their care. One response to promote quality outcomes is to increase diversity in the health care workforce. In patient care, studies have revealed that diverse medical teams give more accurate diagnoses, have higher patient satisfaction, and foster greater patient adherence.2 Overall, a more diverse workforce can enhance cultural humility, improve access to care for underserved populations, and promote cultural competency in research.3 In alignment with the importance of diversity in driving improved outcomes, there is an increased national focus on improving diversity among health care providers. In this issue of Hospital Pediatrics , the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine (SOHM) Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Task Force, led by Dixon et al,4 describes the recent state of diversity within Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) fellowships. A survey was sent to PHM fellowship program directors in 2018 to assess sex, race and ethnicity, sexual identity and orientation, disability status, and socioeconomic disadvantage among PHM fellows, program directors, and faculty. A key finding in this study was the lack of racial and ethnic diversity in PHM fellowships, with no Black and only 2 Hispanic or Latino leaders out of 57 program directors from 35 programs in 2018 (4%). This was reflective of the lack of racial and ethnic diversity among PHM faculty with only 50 Black, American Indian, or Hispanic and/or Latino individuals out of 734 faculty (7%). Most concerning was the lack of diversity in the pipeline, with only 6 total fellows from Black, American Indian, or Hispanic and Latino backgrounds (10%). Meanwhile, it is estimated that 40% of US children were from these underrepresented backgrounds in 2018.5 Although in their study, Dixon et al were …
Coat protein mediated resistance in transgenic plants.

A variety of tools are available to the virologist for studies of the function of virus structural and non-structural proteins and for evaluating the effects of each protein on infection and disease. Perhaps the two most important are (1) the use of cloned cDNAs that, upon in vitro transcription, give rise to infectious transcripts and (2) the use of transgenic plants that express chimeric genes encoding virus sequences. By creating in vitro mutations in the virus cDNA it is possible to determine the role of each cistron in each stage of infection, replication, spread throughout the plant, and pathogenicity (virulence). Furthermore, transgenic plants can be used to examine the effects of individual virus proteins on resistance and susceptibility, and to rescue mutant virus (conditional or complete mutations) by in trans complementation. We are using both approaches to further characterize the genes of several viruses and determine their role(s) in resistance and susceptibility of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In this report we summarize the results of experiments that involve expressing genes encoding the capsid proteins (CP) and the 30 kDa protein (movement protein, MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in transgenic tobacco plants.