cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The soft-core discrete-time signal processor peripheral [Applications Corner]

With SoC systems, there is a growing need for modest performance, low-cost solutions that make minimum use of FPGA resources and make the most effective use of the features in an FPGA. For such systems, it can be undesirable to provide an entire digital signal processing (DSP) core either on the same die or in a separate package. This article contends that for products having such modest signal processing requirements, the FPGA provides an ideal means to customize a peripheral in a system to the given application. To exemplify this point, two examples utilizing a discrete time signal processing (DTSP) toolkit are presented.
Introduction: Antitrust and Regulatory Update

This issue marks the thirteenth year of a special feature of the Review of Industrial Organization: �Antitrust and Regulatory Update�. As has been true for the past few years, I asked the Chief Economists of the U.S. Department of Justice�s Antitrust Division (DOJ), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the DG Competition of the European Union (DGComp) to write essays about the interesting aspects of the important antitrust and regulatory issues that confronted their agencies during this past year. I am pleased to report that all four individuals responded affirmatively, and the essays in this issue of the Review (all of them co-authored with career economists at their respective agencies) are the products of their affirmative responses. As has been reflected in previous years� essays from these agencies, mergers and merger policy continue to be important, and all four of the essays provide the economic analyses that were applied in the ass ... This issue marks the thirteenth year of a special feature of the Review of Industrial Organization: �Antitrust and Regulatory Update�. As has been true for the past few years, I asked the Chief Economists of the U.S. Department of Justice�s Antitrust Division (DOJ), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the DG Competition of the European Union (DGComp) to write essays about the interesting aspects of the important antitrust and regulatory issues that confronted their agencies during this past year. I am pleased to report that all four individuals responded affirmatively, and the essays in this issue of the Review (all of them co-authored with career economists at their respective agencies) are the products of their affirmative responses. As has been reflected in previous years� essays from these agencies, mergers and merger policy continue to be important, and all four of the essays provide the economic analyses that were applied in the ass ...
Principles in Action: An Examination of Food and Drug Administration Letters Involving Violative Internet Promotions from 1997 to 2012

Given the increasing importance of the Internet as a platform for pharmaceutical marketing, drug companies have called for guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Of key concern is how marketers can fulfill the fair balance requirement within the space constraints of most social media platforms. The agency directs marketers to its administrative letters for clarity but has made no comprehensive assessment to articulate the guidance these letters offer, especially regarding areas in which the Internet differs from traditional media. This study offers such an assessment by examining all letters addressing violative Internet promotions from 1997 to 2012. The authors identify eight “principles in action,” including insight into the so-called one-click rule. These principles reveal how the FDA's thinking on online promotion has evolved since the 1997 draft guidance for broadcast direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs and can complement the agency's first guidance regarding interact...
Functional Antibacterial Activity of a Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparation: in vitro and in vivo Studies

. The functional antibacterial activity of an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (Swiss Red Cross Immunoglobulin, SRK-Ig) was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Using type III group B streptococci as a model system, the intravenous immunoglobulin preparation was shown to enhance phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria by human neutrophils. There was good activity to several type III strains, and for efficient opsonization both antibody and complement were required. In an animal model of neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis, passively administered immunoglobulin enhanced survival with 27/37 (73%) treated animals surviving compared to only 3/16 (19%) controls. These studies demonstrate that the intravenous immunoglobulin preparation SRK-Ig has retained functional activity and may have potential value for prophylaxis or therapy of certain bacterial infections.
Simple Models of CO2 Release from Metacarbonates with Implications for Interpretation of Directions and Magnitudes of Fluid Flow in the Deep Crust

Simple one-dimensional models of coupled advection‐hydrodynamic surroundings can account for basic T‐fluid composition‐reaction dispersion‐reaction are used to investigate processes of CO2 release progress relationships observed in much of the Acadian orogen of from metacarbonate beds during deep crustal (~8 kbar) Acadian New England. The results provide an alternative to up-T flow prograde metamorphism in New England, USA. Two broad models scenarios that account for these relationships by large, pervasive, in which reaction progress is controlled by gradients in H2O‐CO2 horizontal fluid fluxes up regional T gradients. fluid composition between diVerent rock types are presented. In the first, diVusional exchange of volatiles across lithologic contacts is significant. CO2 generated during prograde temperature ( T) rise is transported away from metacarbonate layers to surrounding (1) metapelitic layers which generate H2O by dehydration and/or (2) KEY WORDS: metamorphism; fluid flow; flow direction; carbon dioxide;
A River Runs Through It: A Metaphor for Teaching Leadership Theory

Executive Summary Leadership educators are some of the best teachers around when it comes to creating exciting, effective experiential learning opportunities, which teach students leadership skills. Where the curriculum and instruction falls short is when we try to teach leadership theory. Some courses and programs even omit theory as part of the curriculum. This article explores a new instructional metaphor for teaching leadership theory. The metaphor has been an effective tool for helping students understand the historical development of leadership theory as a foundation for the leadership skills they are learning.
Hypertonicity-induced phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the transcription factor TonEBP

The accumulation of compatible osmolytes during osmotic stress is observed in virtually all organisms. In mammals, the hypertonicity-induced expression of osmolyte transporters and synthetic enzymes is conferred by the presence of upstream tonicity-responsive enhancer (TonE) sequences. Recently, we described the cloning and initial characterization of TonE-binding protein (TonEBP), a transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus and associates with TonE sequences in a tonicity-dependent manner. We now report that hypertonicity induces an increase in TonEBP phosphorylation that temporally correlates with increased nuclear localization of the molecule. TonEBP phosphorylation is not affected by a number of kinase inhibitors, including the p38 inhibitor SB-203580. In addition, in vitro binding assays show that the association of TonEBP with TonE sequences is not affected by phosphorylation. Thus TonEBP phosphorylation is an early step in the response of cells to hypertonicity and may be required for nuclear import or retention.
Moving beyond angiotensin II to also target aldosterone

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Initial therapeutic interventions focused on angiotensin II, whose production from angiotensin I can be reduced by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or whose
Re-thinking Complexity in the Critical Care Environment

The term “complexity” is used to define tasks or systems ranging from complicated to intractable, and to generally mean “not simple.” As noted by a Nobel laureate Murray Gell-Mann, “a variety of different measures would be required to capture all our intuitive ideas about what is meant by complexity and by its opposite, simplicity” [1]. But, it is generally acknowledged that complexity is context-dependent [2], and subjective [1]. While the implications for complexity has been discussed within the context of several settings [3–8], some of these discussions have been met with skepticism (e.g., [9, 10]), provoking responses that the key ideas of complexity theory used in healthcare are often distorted ideas, “trotted out in the guise of complexity” [9], and are merely the “emperor’s new toolkit” [10].
Differential cytotoxic effects of 7-dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterols on cultured retina-derived cells: Dependence on sterol structure, cell type, and density.

Tissue accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) is a hallmark of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), a human inborn error of the cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis pathway. Retinal 7DHC-derived oxysterol formation occurs in the AY9944-induced rat model of SLOS, which exhibits a retinal degeneration characterized by selective loss of photoreceptors and associated functional deficits, Muller cell hypertrophy, and engorgement of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with phagocytic inclusions. We evaluated the relative effects of four 7DHC-derived oxysterols on three retina-derived cell types in culture, with respect to changes in cellular morphology and viability. 661W (photoreceptor-derived) cells, rMC-1 (Muller glia-derived) cells, and normal diploid monkey RPE (mRPE) cells were incubated for 24 h with dose ranges of either 7-ketocholesterol (7kCHOL), 5,9-endoperoxy-cholest-7-en-3β,6α-diol (EPCD), 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), or 4β-hydroxy-7-dehydrocholesterol (4HDHC); CHOL served as a negative control (same dose range), along with appropriate vehicle controls, while staurosporine (Stsp) was used as a positive cytotoxic control. For 661W cells, the rank order of oxysterol potency was: EPCD > 7kCHOL >> DHCEO > 4HDHC ≈ CHOL. EC50 values were higher for confluent vs. subconfluent cultures. 661W cells exhibited much higher sensitivity to EPCD and 7kCHOL than either rMC-1 or mRPE cells, with the latter being the most robust when challenged, either at confluence or in sub-confluent cultures. When tested on rMC-1 and mRPE cells, EPCD was again an order of magnitude more potent than 7kCHOL in compromising cellular viability. Hence, 7DHC-derived oxysterols elicit differential cytotoxicity that is dose-, cell type-, and cell density-dependent. These results are consistent with the observed progressive, photoreceptor-specific retinal degeneration in the rat SLOS model, and support the hypothesis that 7DHC-derived oxysterols are causally linked to that retinal degeneration as well as to SLOS.
Extended Kalman Filter Based Quadrotor State Estimation Based on Asynchronous Multisensor Data

For effective navigation and tracking applications involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), data fusion from multiple sensors is utilized. However, asynchronous nature of the sensors, coupled with loss of data and communication delays, makes this process not very reliable. For a better estimation of the data, some sort of filtering scheme is needed. This paper presents an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based quadrotor state estimation by exploiting the dynamic model of the UAV. The data coming from the sensors is noisy and intermittent. The EKF filters and provides estimated data for the missing timestamps. An indoor flight test establishes the accuracy of the EKF, and another outdoor flight test validates the developed scheme for the real world scenario.© 2015 ASME
The Federal Reserve's Financial Crisis Response B: Lending & Credit Programs for Primary Dealers

Beginning in the summer 2007 the Federal Reserve (the Fed) deployed numerous conventional and innovative programs to address the credit crisis occurring in the interbank lending markets that was beginning to affect the broader financial markets and threaten the economy at large. Two of those programs, the Term Securities Lending Facility (TSLF) and the Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF) were aimed at providing liquidity to primary dealers and required the Fed to rely on its authority under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act. Section 13(3) is a Depression Era amendment that permits the Fed expanded powers in “unusual and exigent” circumstances, which it had not invoked in 76 years. We discuss the TSLF and the PDCF and the impact that these programs had on the Fed’s efforts to combat the brewing crisis, to provide much needed liquidity to the primary dealers, and to help revive the interbank lending markets.
Season of Birth in Man. Contemporary Situation with Special Reference to Europe and the Southern Hemisphere

The season of birth in man appears to be meteorologically controlled though minor minima of cultural origin are also apparent. The chance of conception may be tempera- ture dependent. The periodicity in the Southern Hemisphere is the reverse of that of the northern one. The Moslem Mediterranean region exhibits patterns similar to southern Europe, as does Central America. The United States, Canada and Puerto Rico have a pattern that appears to be anomalous compared to the rest of the world. The seasonality of birth is a sensitive indicator of certain cultural and biological phenomena. The amplitude is increased by illegitimacy, death, belonging to a race other than Caucasian, war, depression, lack of industrialization, poverty and rural living. There is some indication, over time, that the mere process of urbanization and industrialization can cause the amplitude to behave in an erratic fashion. An hypothesis has been suggested to explain changes that have occurred during the past century. It is thought that the effect of urbanization is responsible for the change and in part the improvement of the standard of living has also been an influence. Spain and Sweden have shown no major variation in their season of birth for the period of time for which there are data.
A New Look at Toxicity in the Era of Precision Oncology: Imaging Findings, Their Relationship With Tumor Response, and Effect on Metastasectomy.

OBJECTIVE. As cancer care becomes increasingly personalized and patients with metastatic disease live longer, oncologists' approach to drug toxicity is also evolving. CONCLUSION. This article aims to broaden the radiologist's understanding of imaging-evident toxicity by describing how oncologists grade toxicity, exploring toxicity as a biomarker of treatment response, discussing the effect of toxicity in patients who are candidates for metastasectomy, and illustrating how combining drugs of varying classes amplifies toxicity.
U.S. Senate Bill 422: the Genetic Confidentiality and Nondiscrimination Act of 1997.

On March 11, 1997, Senator Pete Domenici introduced U.S. Senate Bill 422, the Genetic Confidentiality and Non-Discrimination Act of 1997. The bill specifies that “existing legal protections for genetic information are inadequate to ensure genetic privacy and to prevent genetic discrimination.” The f
Formal Power Series

(1969). Formal Power Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 8, pp. 871-889.
Frame Structure Damage Identification with the Wavelet Method

In wavelet packet analysis,the structure response signal is decompounded into wavelet packet components,and then damage is identified by observing the changing of the wavelet packet components.Through one three-layer frame structure digital simulation,structure damage is realized,and the damage time and position is got.Observing wavelet packet components changing can make us know damage time,location and damage degree.
3457 respiratory specimens in Ningbo and drug resistance of bacteria spectral analysis

Objective:To investigate respiratory specimens in our hospital and drug resistance of bacteria spectral analysis of the survey.Methods:The clinical isolates were identified by VITEK-60 of Bio-Merieux of France.Using K-B agar diffusion method and confirmed test to detect the drug resistance of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae and E.coli.Results:The total positive rate of respiratory tract specimens of 26.6%.One throat swab positive rate of 20.6%,Sputum-positive rate of 32.2%.Constitute the former than the nine bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae(16.4%),Haemophilus parainfluenzae(15.2%),Candida albicans(15.2%),Haemophilus influenzae stroke(13.1%),Escherichia coli(8.2%),composite baumannii Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(7.2%),Staphylococcus aureus(5.9%),Candida glabrata(4.2%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(4.0%).Conclusion:Producing ESBLs of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,imipenem-resistant composite baumannii Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,we should strengthen isolation to prevent and control in hospitals scattered folding.
“It is just SICKENING”: Emotions and discourse in an anti-immigrant discussion forum

ABSTRACTFollowing 9/11, organizations advocating for stricter immigration policy grew across the United States. This study examines the Web site and online discussion forum of Americans for Legal Immigration Political Action Committee (ALIPAC), a group identified by the Southern Poverty Law Center as nativist extremist. While forum participants are geographically dispersed, social media provide them a space to interact with like-minded people. Results show that ALIPAC members provide shared accounts that construct positive moral identities. Forum participants promise positive emotions of pride and power for joining the group, despite the perception that outsiders perceive them as racists. Drawing from tenets of patriotism, participants construct virtual identities and reject the racist stigma by turning them on immigrants, civil rights organizations, and politicians. Participants claim their emotional responses are rational and morally superior to those of the perceived opposition. Failing to share their ...
Chance and Organizational Survival: An Open Question (Part I)

I am disappointed, of course, but I believe in the marketplace of ideas and am not ordinarily disposed to challenge its verdicts. Yet as I consider the reactions of those who reviewed the book for professional journals, I cannot suppress a nagging suspicion that I failed to make some crucial aspects of my reasoning clear. I have no complaints about the way the book was treated; almost without exception, the reviewers were fair, thoughtful, perceptive, and exceedingly well-informed. Their reasons for rejecting my hypothesis, however, indicate to me that my presentation was in some respects not as thorough or as lucid as it should have been. I would hate to see an idea turned aside because it was not adequately formulated rather than because it was defective.
Surveillance of infrainguinal arterial reconstructions: Importance of duplex-derived peak systolic velocity and ankle brachial index in femorodistal graft assessment

The high incidence of flow reducing graft and inflow/outflow artery lesions remains a major problem in femorodistal reconstructions. To detect these abnormalities which may threaten graft permeability, some authors [6, 15] rely upon ABI measurements alone in certain clinical situations. In contrast, other groups [2, 3, 4, 8, 11] emphasize the importance of duplex scanning and duplex-derived velocity parameters to identify the failing graft.
Abstract 416: B-Raf Loss Suppresses Extracellular-Regulated Kinase Activation and Cardiomyocyte Proliferation

Objectives: The postnatal heart does not retain the proliferative capacity it had during fetal life. Unlike large mammals, murine cardiomyocytes (CM) continue to divide into the first week of life before terminal differentiation and binucleation. We hypothesized that B-Raf regulates ERK activation in newborn CM and that loss of B-Raf suppresses cyclin levels and reduced proliferation. To test this, we determined whether loss of B-Raf disrupts the ERK (extracellular-regulated kinase) cascade and impairs CM growth. Methods: CM specific knockout (KO) of B-Raf was generated using CRE/lox (floxed B-Raf x αMHC CRE) resulting in a truncated, unstable B-Raf and a null phenotype. KO mice (α-MHC-CRE / B-Raf lox/lox ) were compared to CRE negative / B-Raf lox/lox mice (wild type; WT). Hearts from 3d and 8d old pups were harvested for molecular analysis of B-Raf signaling and cell cycle markers. Hearts from 3d old pups were harvested and CMs isolated for culture using a trypsin/DNAse digestion. The cells were treated with Isoproterenol (Iso;10uM), forskolin (20uM), and IGF-1 (1ng/ml) for 15 min to determine if the loss of B-Raf results in reduced activation of ERK. Results: Heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio was less in 3d KO versus 3d WT (n=50, p Conclusions: ERK activation was suppressed in KO hearts resulting in smaller newborn hearts but which exceeded normal HW/BW by 8d. This is may represent premature hypertrophy as the proliferative period of CM development had ended. Cell cycle analysis supports reduced CM mitotis among 8d CM. Such early disturbances in normal CM growth may increase susceptibility for reduced cardiac function in the face of increased postnatal load stress.
Evaluation of the Potential Range for Sacrificial Mg Anodes for the Cathodic Protection of Mg Alloy AZ31B-H24

Corrosion protection of Mg and its alloys remains a challenge hindering widespread application. The propensity for Mg alloy AZ31B-H24 (Mg-3Al-1Zn) to be protected via sacrificial anodic based cathodic protection was evaluated. Potentiostatic polarization of AZ31B-H24 in 0.6 M NaCl and 0.1 M MgCl2 revealed that a wide range of potentials for practical or kinetic-based sacrificial cathodic protection is possible for Mg alloys but a practical range of potentials for substantial cathodic protection in 0.1 M TRIS was not observed. In addition, residual corrosion rates at potentials cathodic to their open-circuit potential were greater than expectations from electrochemical mixed potential corrosion theory interpreted to be a result of the negative difference effect. Zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) testing was performed on couples of AZ31B-H24 to commercially pure (CP) Mg and Mg alloy WE43B-T5 (Mg-4Y-3RE) to validate the range of protection for AZ31B-H24 and to evaluate their suitability for the protection of AZ3...
Cannabis Use, Medication Management and Adherence Among Persons Living with HIV

Cannabis is used to relieve nausea, trigger weight gain, and reduce pain among adults living with HIV; however, the relationship between its use and medication adherence and management is unclear. Participants (N = 107) were from an ongoing cohort study of community-dwelling HIV+ adults, stratified by cannabis (CB) use: HIV+/CB+ (n = 41) and HIV+/CB− (n = 66). CB+ participants either tested positive in a urine toxicology screen for THC or had a self-reported history of regular and recent use. HIV-status was provided by physician results and/or biomarker assessment. Adherence was measured via the Morisky scale and medication management was assessed via the Medication Management Test-Revised. After adjusting for gender, we found no association between cannabis use group and adherence nor medication management. The amount of cannabis used was also not associated with measures of adherence and management. Preliminary findings suggest that cannabis use may not adversely influence medication adherence/management among adults living with HIV.
Ventilatory Management in Neuromuscular Disease

Ventilatory failure is a frequent complication and leading cause of death in patients with neuromuscular disease. Recognition of impending ventilatory failure and proper treatment can extend duration of life and improve quality of life. Treatment modalities include noninvasive ventilation, invasive ventilation with tracheostomy, and airway clearance therapy with aggressive treatment of acute respiratory infections.
Interpersonal Functions of the Self-Esteem Motive

In a discipline with few universally accepted principles, the proposition that people are motivated to maintain and enhance their self-esteem has achieved the rare status of an axiom. The notion that people want to think highly of themselves, behave in ways that promote self-esteem, and become distressed when their needs for self-esteem are unmet can be found in the writings of classic personality theorists (Adler, 1930; Allport, 1937; Horney, 1937; Rogers, 1959), contemporary social psychologists (Green-berg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986; Greenwald, 1980; Greenwald & Breckler, 1985; Steele, 1988; Taylor & Brown, 1988; Tesser, 1988), and clinicians (Bednar, Wells, & Peterson, 1989). The self-esteem motive has been invoked as an explanation for a wide variety of behaviors, including prejudice (Katz, 1960), self-serving attributions (Blaine & Crocker, 1993; Snyder, Stephan, & Rosenfield, 1978), reactions to evaluations (S. C. Jones, 1973), self-handicapping (E. E. Jones & Berglas, 1978), responses to counterattitudinal behavior (Steele, 1988), and self-presentation (Schlenker, 1980). Furthermore, low self-esteem has been linked to problems such as depression, alcohol abuse, suicide, and eating disorders, and high self-esteem has been implicated in good mental health (e.g., Baumeister, 1991; Bednar et al., 1989; Taylor & Brown, 1988). If previous theorists and researchers are correct in their claims, the need to protect and enhance one’s self-esteem constitutes an exceptionally pervasive and important motive.
Implementation and evaluation of a longitudinal multisession interprofessional education course designed for foundational learners

Abstract Implementation of introductory IPE learning experiences can be designed to develop a basic understanding of IPE using a variety of learning experiences that can nurture shared values for health professionals. The aim of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a longitudinal, multisession introductory IPE course designed for learners from multiple professions. Evaluation of the longitudinal multiple-session course was conducted using the Interprofessional Collaboration Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) and annual student and facilitator evaluations. Analysis of course evaluations suggested attainment of course objectives, and the ICCAS on average showed a significant increase from pre-to-post self-assessment. This longitudinal, multiple-day, interprofessional foundational course met the course objectives and students gained a greater appreciation of IPE for over 1000 first-year students. Key lessons learned in this implementation include the importance of designing a curriculum based on real-world examples involving activities rather than simply discussion and of facilitator preparation and selection. Sustainability over seven-years has been achieved by embedding the curriculum into existing uni-professional curriculum and through on-going engagement and shared ownership by the participating programs.
Open-source, machine and deep learning-based automated algorithm for gestational age estimation through smartphone lens imaging

Gestational age estimation at time of birth is critical for determining the degree of prematurity of the infant and for administering appropriate postnatal treatment. We present a fully automated algorithm for estimating gestational age of premature infants through smartphone lens imaging of the anterior lens capsule vasculature (ALCV). Our algorithm uses a fully convolutional network and blind image quality analyzers to segment usable anterior capsule regions. Then, it extracts ALCV features using a residual neural network architecture and trains on these features using a support vector machine-based classifier. The classification algorithm is validated using leave-one-out cross-validation on videos captured from 124 neonates. The algorithm is expected to be an influential tool for remote and point-of-care gestational age estimation of premature neonates in low-income countries. To this end, we have made the software open source.
The accuracy, equity, and jurisprudence of criminal risk assessment

Jurisdictions across the country, including the federal government through its recently enacted First Step Act, have begun using statistical algorithms (also called “instruments”) to help determine an arrestee’s or an offender’s risk of reoffending. These risk assessment instruments (RAIs) might be used at a number of points in the criminal process, including at the front-end by judges to impose a sentence after conviction, at the back-end by parole boards to make decisions about prison release, or in between these two points by correctional authorities determining the optimal security and service arrangements for an offender. At the pretrial stage, RAIs might come into play at the time of the bail or pretrial detention determination by a judge, which usually takes place shortly after arrest. The increased use of RAIs in the criminal justice system has given rise to several criticisms. RAIs are said to be no more accurate than clinical assessments, racially biased, lacking in transparency and, because of their quantitative nature, dehumanizing. This chapter critically examines a number of these concerns. It also highlights how the law has, and should, respond to these issues.
Decoupling exchange bias and coercivity enhancement in a perovskite oxide exchange spring bilayer

A wedge bilayer of epitaxial 4--8 nm $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.7}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(\mathrm{LSCO})$/6-nm $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.7}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(\mathrm{LSMO})$, hard and soft ferromagnets (FM) respectively, was studied using soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy to elucidate the interplay between the magnetic and electronic properties of the constituent layers. This system exhibits magnetic and electronic segregation within the LSCO layer characterized by soft FM $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{2+}$ ions at the interface (s-LSCO), which is biased by the underlying hard LSCO layer (h-LSCO), characterized by predominantly $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{3+}/\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{4+}$ FM ions. For a 5.1-nm layer, the interfacial $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{2+}$ ion concentration is maximized and the h-LSCO coercivity is minimized, while the opposite is true for a 7.8-nm LSCO layer. These dual trends in $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{2+}$ ion concentration and h-LSCO coercivity within the LSCO serve to independently affect the exchange bias and coercivity of the soft FM layer, resulting in inverse trends between these properties that typically vary simultaneously.
Long-term outcomes of rituximab use prior to autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL) at the time of first progression.

7036 Background: Some studies suggest that prior use of rituximab is associated with poor outcomes following ASCT in relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The effects of rituximab use pri...
A new name for some old ways of thinking: pragmatism, radical empiricism, and epistemology in W.E.B. Du Bois’s “Of the Sorrow Songs”

When William James published Pragmatism, he gave it a subtitle: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking. In this article, I argue that pragmatism is an epistemological method for articulating success in, and between, a plurality of practices, and that this articulation helped James develop radical empiricism. I contend that this pluralistic philosophical methodology is evident in James’s approach to philosophy of religion, and that this method is also exemplified in the work of one of James’s most famous students, W.E.B. Du Bois, specifically in the closing chapter of The Souls of Black Folk, “Of the Sorrow Songs.” I argue that “Sorrow Songs” can be read as an epistemological text, and that once one identifies the epistemic standards of pragmatism and radical empiricism in the text, it’s possible to identify an implicit case for moderate fideism in “Sorrow Songs.” I contend that this case illuminates the pluralistic philosophical methodology James worked throughout his career to develop, and that the James-Du Bois approach to philosophy may even help locate the epistemic value of other religious practices, beyond the singing of hymns, and identify terrain mainstream philosophy has long neglected.
PENERAPAN METODE STAD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISTEM KELISTRIKAN MOBIL SISWA KELAS XII OTOMOTIF SMK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar dengan menerapkan metode STAD pada siswa Kelas XII Otomotif SMK Perindustrian Yogyakarta Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK)/ classroom action research.Â Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam beberapa siklus dengan setiap siklusnya memiliki 4 (empat) tahap, yaitu perencanaan (planning), tindakan (acting), pengamatan (observing), dan refleksi (reflecting). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII Otomotif SMK Perindustrian Yogyakarta tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Data dikumpulkan dengan ceklis observsi, angket, dan soal tes. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis hasil observasi, analisis hasil angket, dan analisis hasil tes.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan metode STAD dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajarÂ siswaÂ dalam pembelajaran Sistem Kelistrikan Mobil di kelas XII SMK Perindustrian Yogyakarta dari rata-rata 44,75 (kategori cukup) pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 54,8 (kategori tinggi) pada siklus II.Â Â Motivasi dalam pembentukan Kelompok, Memperhatikan presentasi oleh guru, Pembelajaran berkelompok,Â Tahap kuis (evaluasi), Tahap penghargaan prestasi tim (rekognisi) meningkatÂ dariÂ kategoriÂ cukupÂ pada siklus 1Â menjadiÂ baikÂ padaÂ siklusÂ 2. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran Sistem Kelistrikan Mobil dengan metode STAD dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XII SMK Perindustrian Yogyakarta. Pada siklus 1, siswa dengan nilai â‰¤ 55 ada 16 siswa turun berkurang menjadi hanya 2 siswa pada siklus 2. Siswa dengan nilai 56 s/d 71 meningkat dari 7 siswa pada siklus1 menjadi 11 siswa pada siklus 2. Siswa dengan nilaiÂ 72 s/d 87 meningkat dari 1 siswa pada siklus 1 menjadi 7 siswa pada siklus 2.Â
“Call for Help Immediately”: A Discourse Analysis of Resident Assistants’ Responses to Sexual Assault Disclosures:

Formal support providers can play a critical role in sexual assault survivors’ well-being (e.g., providing resource referrals). In a university setting, resident assistants (RAs) are key support pr...
After the Berlin Wall : Memory and the Making of the New Germany, 1989 to the Present

The history and meaning of the Berlin Wall remain controversial, even three decades after its fall. Drawing on an extensive range of archival sources and interviews, this book profiles key memory activists who have fought to commemorate the history of the Berlin Wall and examines their role in the creation of a new German national narrative. With victims, perpetrators and heroes, the Berlin Wall has joined the Holocaust as an essential part of German collective memory. Key Wall anniversaries have become signposts marking German views of the past, its relevance to the present, and the complicated project of defining German national identity. Considering multiple German approaches to remembering the Wall via memorials, trials, public ceremonies, films, and music, this revelatory work also traces how global memory of the Wall has impacted German memory policy. It depicts the power and fragility of state-backed memory projects, and the potential of such projects to reconcile or divide.
Use of Services by People Living Alone With Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Background and objectives Formal supports and social services are essential to people living alone with cognitive impairment (PLACI) because they are at risk of negative health outcomes and lack cohabitants who may support them with cognitively demanding tasks. To further our understanding of this critical and worldwide issue, we conducted a systematic review to understand whether, and how, PLACI access and use essential formal supports and services. Research design and methods We searched 6 databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts) to identify quantitative and mixed-method literature on formal service use among PLACI. The initial search was conducted in 2018 and updated in 2020. Results We identified 32 studies published between 1992 and 2019, representing 13 countries, that met our criteria: 16 reported on health services and 26 on social services. Most studies compared PLACI with people with cognitive impairment living with others. Health service use was lower or similar among PLACI, as opposed to counterparts living with others. Most studies reported a higher use of social services (e.g., home services) among PLACI than those living with others. Overall use of essential home service among PLACI was higher in Europe than in the United States, a country where large portions of PLACI were reported receiving no formal services. Discussion and implications We identified wide variability among countries and major gaps in service use. Results for use of health services were mixed, although our findings suggest that PLACI may have fewer physician visits than counterparts living with others. Our findings suggest that varying policies and budgets for these services among countries may have affected our findings. We encourage researchers to evaluate and compare the influence of social policies in the well-being of PLACI. We also encourage policy makers to prioritize the needs of PLACI in national dementia strategies.
A novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for identification of four body fluids with smartphone detection

Abstract Messenger RNA profiling for body fluid identification (bfID) is a useful approach to collect contextual information associated with a crime. Current methods require costly fluorescent probes, lengthy amplification protocols and/or time-consuming sample preparation. To simplify this process, we developed a bfID method that has the potential to be rapid in analysis time, inexpensive and fluorescence-free, combining a universal operating procedure with a high-throughout (microwell plate) platform for simultaneous detection of mRNA markers from whole blood, semen, saliva, and vaginal fluid. Full bfID sample preparation and analysis of 23 samples was completed in under 3 h using smart phone optical detection and analysis and show efficacy of the method in a validated blind study. The results provide an efficient, sensitive and specific approach to supplement the current biochemical tests in a forensic laboratory.
Toward community-inclusive data ecosystems: Challenges and opportunities of open data for community-based organizations

Abstract The benefits of open data for helping to address societal problems and strengthen communities are well recognized, and unfortunately previous studies found that smaller communities are oft...
Abstract 4949: Essential role of arachidonic acid metabolism in prostate cancer stem cell survival

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are rare group of neoplastic cells with features that include, self-renewal, pluripotency and tumorigenicity, and are thought to be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, a lot of excitement surrounds the idea of going right to the root of the tumor and target the stem cells to eradicate cancer permanently. A hierarchically organized CSC model in prostate cancer is evident with CD44 (+), CD133 (+) subpopulations isolated from human prostate tumors. While most therapies are directed to the fast-growing tumor mass made of differentiated cells, they cannot target the relatively slow-dividing and resistant cancer stem cells, which may underlie as a mechanism of why the cancer is not permanently eradicated with standard chemotherapy. Thus, an important challenge is to find measures to eliminate the CSCs, which by definition, will stop tumor growth and prevent recurrence. However, knowledge about molecular features critical for prostate cancer stem cells (PCSC) is meager. Thus, we wanted to examine the role of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) which plays critical role in the survival of cancer (but not of normal) cells, in the biology of PCSC. Methods: Using an established, clinically-relevant in vitro model of human PCSCs which express both pluripotency markers (Nanog, c-Myc, Sox2) and tumor-progenitor markers (CD44, CD133, ALDH1), we interrogated the role of a fatty acid metabolic pathway in stem cell vulnerability. Especially, our goal was to characterize the effects of targeting ALOX5 to see whether it could be a new target to eliminate PCSCs. Results: Inhibition of ALOX5 by shRNA or MK591 dramatically decreased the protein levels of Nanog and c-Myc, suggesting a role for ALOX5 in prostate cancer stemness. Moreover, ALOX5 inhibition was found to selectively kill PCSCs (but not normal stem cells) by inducing apoptosis via inhibition of survivin, cyclin D1 and CDK4, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and caspase 3, suggesting an essential role of ALOX5 in the survival of PCSC. Interestingly, non-cancer parenchyma body cells, including normal stem cells, do not express ALOX5 (presumably because of promoter hypermethylation) and are not affected by ALOX5 inhibitors. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ALOX5 plays a causal role in maintaining prostate cancer stemness by regulating Nanog and c-Myc oncogenes, and suggest that an effective, long-lasting therapy of prostate cancer may be possible by targeting ALOX5 to kill and eliminate PCSCs to block prostate tumor growth and prevent recurrence. Citation Format: Jitender Monga, Brendan Carney, Sejal Patil, Jagadananda Ghosh. Essential role of arachidonic acid metabolism in prostate cancer stem cell survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4949.
The History, Present and Future of Healthcare Simulation

This chapter reflects upon the content of the previous chapters, highlighting the initial growth of simulation within the breadth of emergency medical education and the current movement back towards healthcare simulation’s roots in patient safety and systems testing. A future for simulation in healthcare is posited taking advantage of emerging technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence and data analytics. The unifying factor underlying the power and effectiveness of healthcare simulation, however, remains dedicated faculty trained in the foundations of healthcare simulation and educational theory.
Becoming a blockchain user: understanding consumers’ benefits realisation to use blockchain-based applications

Data breaches and cyber incidents are on the rise, and companies continually research new technologies to defend against attacks and protect customer data. The blockchain is a data store designed t...
Do not drop your gloves: “Winning” a fight in the National Hockey League does not improve chances to win the game

Abstract Sanctioned fighting has played an integral role in the National Hockey League (NHL) since its early days. Proponents argue that this practice helps teams win games. More specifically, they contend that when a player triumphs decisively in a fight, the outcome creates momentum or a spark for his teammates and thus increases his team’s odds of victory. We used on-line fans’ voting (validated by objective fight data) to assess fight outcome and demonstrated that “winning” the fight did not lead to winning the game when the score was tied. Additionally, in contrast with the “change in momentum” hypothesis, prevailing in a fight did not sway game outcome when the home or away team was one goal behind early enough in the game. Lastly, prevailing in a fight was not associated with scoring the next goal. We discuss the results in light of the strong conviction held by NHL players that fighting boosts momentum and explain possible mechanisms working to preserve this false belief.
Housing Expenditures of Social Security Beneficiaries, 2005–2018

This article uses data from the public-use files of the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey for selected years 2005–2018 to examine the annual housing expenditures of households that include at least one person who received income from Social Security. In all years, the median percentage of income spent on housing was higher in households that included at least one Social Security beneficiary than in households with no beneficiaries. In households with at least one Social Security beneficiary, the median share of income spent on housing varied by tenure. In the period 2005–2018, the median shares rose from 31.7 percent to 32.5 percent for renter households, declined from 27.3 percent to 25.1 percent for homeowner households with a mortgage, and declined from 13.9 percent to 12.4 percent for homeowner households without a mortgage.
Multiscale Analysis of Count Data through Topic Alignment

Topic modeling is a popular method used to describe biological count data. With topic models, the user must specify the number of topics $K$. Since there is no definitive way to choose $K$ and since a true value might not exist, we develop techniques to study the relationships across models with different $K$. This can show how many topics are consistently present across different models, if a topic is only transiently present, or if a topic splits in two when $K$ increases. This strategy gives more insight into the process generating the data than choosing a single value of $K$ would. We design a visual representation of these cross-model relationships, which we call a topic alignment, and present three diagnostics based on it. We show the effectiveness of these tools for interpreting the topics on simulated and real data, and we release an accompanying R package, \href{this https URL}{\texttt{alto}}.