cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing for intersectional, interdependent accessibility: a case study of multilingual technical content creation

Drawing on narratives (Jones, 2016; Jones & Walton, 2018) from bilingual technical communication projects, this article makes a case for the importance of considering language access and accessibility in crafting and sharing digital research. Connecting conversations in disability studies and language diversity, the author emphasizes how an interdependent (Price, 2011; Price & Kerchbaum, 2016), intersectional (Crenshaw, 1989; Medina & Haas, 2018) orientation to access through disability studies and translation can help technical communication researchers to design and disseminate digital research that is accessible to audiences from various linguistic backgrounds and who also identify with various dis/abilities.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: What is it and can it be fixed?

Diabetic cardiomyopathy was initially described as a human pathophysiological condition in which heart failure occurred in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease. Recent studies in diabetic animal models identify decreased cardiomyocyte function as an important mediating mechanism for heart failure. Decreased cardiomyocyte function is in part mediated by abnormal mitochondrial calcium handling and a decreased level of free matrix calcium levels which could be a good target for new therapeutic interventions.
The Devil is in the Details: Identifying Aspects of Temperature Variation that Underlie Sex Determination in Species with TSD.

Abstract Most organisms experience thermal variability in their environment; however, our understanding of how organisms cope with this variation is under-developed. For example, in organisms with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), an inability to predict sex ratios under fluctuating incubation temperatures in the field hinders predictions of how species with TSD will fare in a changing climate. To better understand how sex determination is affected by thermal variation, we incubated Trachemys scripta eggs using a “heat wave” design, where embryos experienced a male-producing temperature of 25 ± 3°C for the majority of development and varying durations at a female-producing temperature of 29.5 ± 3°C during the window of development when sex is determined. We compared the sex ratios from these incubation conditions with a previous data set that utilized a similar heat wave design, but instead incubated eggs at a male-producing temperature of 27 ± 3°C but utilized the same female-producing temperature of 29.5 ± 3°C. We compared the sex ratio reaction norms produced from these two incubation conditions and found that, despite differences in average temperatures, both conditions produced 50:50 sex ratios after ∼8 days of exposure to female-producing conditions. This emphasizes that sex can be determined in just a few days at female-producing conditions and that sex determination is relatively unaffected by temperatures outside of this short window. Further, these data demonstrate the reduced accuracy of the constant temperature equivalent model (the leading method of predicting sex ratios) under thermally variable temperatures. Conceptualizing sex determination as the number of days spent incubating at female-producing conditions rather than an aggregate statistic is supported by the mechanistic underpinnings of TSD, helps to improve sex ratio estimation methods, and has important consequences for predicting how species with TSD will fare in a changing climate.
A general diversity oriented synthesis of asymmetric double-decker shaped silsesquioxanes

A strategically novel synthesis of nano-sized, asymmetrically functionalized double-decker shaped silsesquioxanes (DDSQ) is reported. Selective protection with a boronic acid affords the crucial mono-protected intermediate en route to the asymmetric products. Generation of symmetric by-products is minimized by judicious choice of base, and high recovery of recyclable starting DDSQ tetraol is achieved.
The Effect of Hedge Fund Activism on Auditors: A Stakeholder’s Perspective

Extant literature focuses on the governance effect of hedge fund activism on shareholders but overlooks other stakeholders. We fill this literature gap by investigating one important stakeholder who also plays a governance role: the auditor. We find that the governance effect of hedge fund activism spills over to incumbent auditors, leading to a 4.08% increase in audit fees. This relation holds in a range of robustness tests that address endogeneity, including a difference-in-differences model and a placebo test. Moreover, auditor turnover does not significantly change after hedge fund intervention, suggesting that hedge funds do not seek new auditors. The governance spillover effect on incumbent auditors occurs through the revelation of internal control weaknesses and replacement of financial personnel in target firms. Further tests show that the increased audit fees are allotted to more audit effort and reduce the likelihood of restatements, indicating improved audit quality. Our findings show that hedge fund activism and auditors are complementary at strengthening corporate governance.
Paper-and-pencil versus computerized administration mode: Comparison of data quality and risk behavior prevalence estimates in the European school Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD)

Purpose The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether paper-and-pencil and computerized surveys administered in the school setting yield equivalent data quality indicators and risk behavior prevalence estimates. Methods Data were drawn from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD®) carried out in Italy to monitor drug, alcohol, tobacco use and other risk-behaviors among Italian high school students aged 15–19 years. A sub-sample of schools was recruited for the study (1673 pupils). For each school, two entire randomly selected courses (from the first to the fifth grade) participated and were assigned randomly to the self-administered paper-and-pencil (N = 811) or computerized survey (N = 862). Differences in data quality were assessed using the following indicators: questionnaire completeness (missing gender and/or 50% of missing answers) and internal consistency (repetitive extreme response patterns). Separate logistic regression models were used to estimate the mode effect on the reporting of each risk behavior, controlling for gender and age. Finally, the prevalence estimates of the experimental study were compared to the results of the national ESPAD® study. Results The computerized administration mode produced a higher proportion of invalid questionnaires, but the prevalence estimates generated from responses to the paper-and-pencil and computerized surveys were generally equivalent. Nevertheless, comparing these results with those of the national ESPAD® study, some differences in the prevalence rates were found. Conclusions The findings suggest that in a proctored school setting, the computerized survey mode yields almost the same results as the paper-and-pencil mode. However, because of the reliance on existing informatics facilities until when all schools in the country will be sufficiently equipped for the computerized data collection, they should be given the opportunity to choose between paper-and-pencil and computerized survey modes, in order to avoid a possible selection bias.
Role of OATP2B1 in drug absorption and drug-drug interactions

The organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)2B1 is localized on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and is expressed in enterocytes. Based on its distribution pattern and functional similarity to OATP1B-type transporters, OATP2B1 might have a role in the absorption and disposition of a range of xenobiotics. Although several prescription drugs, including hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) such as fluvastatin, are OATP2B1 substrates in vitro, evidence supporting the in vivo relevance of this transporter remains limited, and most has relied on substrate-inhibitor interactions resulting in altered pharmacokinetic properties of the victim drugs. To address this knowledge deficit, we developed and characterized an Oatp2b1-deficient mouse model and evaluated the impact of this transporter on the absorption and disposition of fluvastatin. Consistent with the intestinal localization of Oatp2b1, we found that the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Oatp2b1 was associated with decreased absorption of fluvastatin by 2- to 3-fold. The availability of a viable Oatp2b1-deficient mouse model provides an opportunity to unequivocally determine the contribution of this transporter to the absorption and drug-drug interaction potential of drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current investigation suggests that mice deficient in Oatp2b1 provide a valuable tool to study the in vivo importance of this transporter. In addition, our studies have identified novel potent inhibitors of OATP2B1 among the class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, a rapidly expanding class of drugs used in various therapeutic areas that may cause drug-drug interactions with OATP2B1 substrates.
Optimal Sample Allocation Under Unequal Costs in Cluster-Randomized Trials:

Conventional optimal design frameworks consider a narrow range of sampling cost structures that thereby constrict their capacity to identify the most powerful and efficient designs. We relax severa...
Histology correlation with common endoscopic abnormalities

Abstracts Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses great diagnostic challenges to clinicians as its diagnosis should not be made lightly. Correct diagnosis of IBD, either ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, is greatly enhanced by a multidisciplinary approach. Endoscopists and pathologists should be aware of the differential diagnoses of IBD and learn from each other. This chapter aims to provide a histologic–endoscopic correlation of a variety of IBDs and non-IBDs to allow endoscopists and pathologists to become familiar with the most common differential diagnoses of IBD. In addition, this also provides histologic–endoscopic correlation of IBD-associated neoplasia.
Why Won’t She Break Rules to Promote Service? Effects of Gender, Gender Identification, and Honesty

Abstract This paper investigates the reason and the condition under which gender is related to employee’s prosocial rule-breaking to promote service (PSBS) in two studies. Unlike typical rule-breaking, PSBS aims to improve guest service. Drawing on social identity theory and gender research, we suggest that female hospitality employees engage in fewer PSBS than their male counterparts. We further propose the moderating role of gender identification and the mediating role of honesty. Study 1 sampled 324 hospitality workers through Qualtrics and showed that female employees engage in fewer PSBS. However, the effect of gender on PSBS was weaker when gender identification was low. Study 2 sampled 246 hospitality employees who are working in the hospitality industry and studying in a college. Path analyses showed that the gender – honesty – PSBS relationship was weaker when gender identification was low. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Post-Disturbance Dynamic Distribution System Restoration with DGs and Mobile Resources

Distributed generations (DGs) can act as emergency power supplies when distribution systems suffer from outages. However, the generation capabilities of DGs are generally limited by a number of factors including weather conditions, fuel limitations, etc. In this context, mobile resources that are able to reallocate resources to desired locations are regarded as important complements to conventional fixed DGs in assisting distribution system restoration. In this paper, a distribution system restoration model with DGs and mobile resources is proposed. Firstly, the dispatch and allocation of mobile resources are modeled with respect to the characteristics of the traffic network. Then the developed mobile resource models are integrated into the distribution system restoration model to co-optimize the scheduling of DGs and mobile resources. Uncertainty factors are managed by a model predictive control approach so that system operators can dynamically adjust the restoration strategy with the up-to-date information. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through an IEEE 13-bus test system.
"A Legitimate Place in the Profession": Author Reflections on the 2005 Disability Studies Special Issue.

IMPORTANCE In 2005, the American Journal of Occupational Therapy published a special issue focused on disability studies. Contributing authors challenged readers to reflect on their practices and recommended ways to change the field, yet literature on the current state of the integration of disability studies into occupational therapy is scarce. OBJECTIVE To engage the original authors of the 2005 special issue in an examination of perspectives on how disability studies perspectives have contributed to changes within occupational therapy and what work remains. DESIGN The research team conducted semistructured interviews with 11 authors who published an article in the special issue. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Triangulation of coders, multiple phases of data analysis, and member checking were used to establish trustworthiness. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the data: (1) exposure to disability and disability studies, (2) impact of the special issue on occupational therapy, (3) changes observed in occupational therapy beyond the special issue, (4) challenges integrating disability studies into occupational therapy, and (5) disability studies-informed recommendations for occupational therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the original contributing authors acknowledged the transformative impact of disability studies on their own practice and scholarship, the results suggest that disability studies remains outside mainstream occupational therapy scholarship. Exploring the connections and divergence between disability studies and fields such as occupational science could improve understanding of how disability studies concepts are defined and used in theory and practice. What This Article Adds: Since the publication of the original special issue in 2005, the field of disability studies has continued to influence occupational therapy, although more often in individual than in systemic ways. Work is needed to embrace a disability studies-informed critical and intersectional foundation for the profession and explore the ways in which occupational therapy can better partner with populations through a disability studies lens.
Moving Beyond Hegel: The Paradox of Immanent Freedom in Simone de Beauvoir’s Philosophy

This paper explores Simone de Beauvoir’s response to G. W. F. Hegel’s formulation of freedom. In The Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel describes freedom as a twofold, negative movement of dissolution and construction. Beauvoir takes up this distinction in terms of revolution and creative transformation, additionally describing two empty articulations of freedom found in “complaint” and “resignation.” In complaint, the existent is unable to transform the situation in a positive sense and simply reacts against it; in resignation, the existent merely submits to the given. Through this analysis, Beauvoir moves beyond Hegelian optimism by naming modalities of ineffectual freedom requiring attention before the realization of social transformation and revolution.
Development of a nonlinear backstepping approach of grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator wind farm structure

Abstract This chapter is expected to help the reader understand the fundamentals of the nonlinear control for the wind farm structure (WFS)-based permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). At first, the modeling of the WFS is introduced, including the model of the turbine and the dynamic models of the PMSG. Then, the controls of the machine side converters and the inverter are introduced. The presented technique is established on nonlinear backstepping method. It controls the active and reactive powers injected into the electrical grid to guarantee a maximum power point tracking of the structure. The complete laws of the technique have been giving and the existence conditions for the backstepping approach are based on the stability of Lyapunov. The general structure model was simulated using MATLAB. The efficiency of the presented control scheme has been validated under both grid-normal and -fault conditions. The presented approach is compared with the vector control (VC) technique. The simulation analysis fully verified the superior performance of backstepping method over conventional VC.
Some results on learning

This paper presents some formal results on learning. In particular, it concerns algorithms that learn sets and functions from examples. We seek conditions necessary and sufficient for learning over a range of probabilistic models for such algorithms.
116 – Animal Models of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Methods and Approaches

This chapter discusses the methods and approaches for animal models of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). FAS remain a major cause of mental retardation in humans. The quest to elucidate the mechanisms involved has been greatly served by the animal models. These models have provided analogs and albeit imperfect to the human situation. These analogs lend themselves to exploitation for the purpose of mimicking the kinds of scenarios that have been noted to cause FAS. Moreover, they provide an opportunity to examine the progression of the devastation gestational ethanol inflicts stage-by-stage. Although human studies enable investigators to properly characterize the syndrome, it has taken the use of animal models to provide a more complete picture. In this chapter, considerations underlying the design of animal models are reviewed. The major ethanol exposure paradigms in the use for FAS research are also discussed. FAS and fetal alcohol effects are principal preventable sources of mental retardation. That gestational alcoholism has direct effects on the unborn is a proven reality that cannot be overemphasized.
Effect of a Single Nonzero Open Covariance on the Simple Closure Test

In small samples the simple closure test is markedly, and rather disappointingly, insensitive to a nonzero open covariance if the number of variables, m, is small. Only trivial results will be obtained if m 30) are used. The probability that the null hypothesis will be rejected for the wrong reason, i.e., because the test points to nonrandom association between open variables known to be uncorrelated, is large if m is small but decreases rapidly with increase in m. Except when the open variances are homogeneous, however, it seems to be materially greater than expected even if m = 10, the largest value used in the work reported here.
Use of neural networks to identify and compensate for friction in precision, position controlled mechanisms

A special neural network topology has been developed that compensates for friction in precision, position controlled mechanisms. A major contribution is that knowledge of the friction's form is used to determine the neural network's structure. This unique approach solves network sizing and weight initializing problems. The friction model is used for feedforward decoupling of friction-induced torque. The neural network also explicitly incorporates inertia compensation and linear feedback control. Another contribution is a demonstration of the trajectory dependence of static friction compensation with a discrete time controller. The authors include both the theoretical formulation and practical implementation results for the control of a commercial DC motor having a significant amount of static friction. >
The Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction

During and immediately after myocardial infarction (MI), many interrelated and complex processes manifest the body's attempt to minimize damage and compensate for lost cardiac function. Although these compensatory responses may provide some short-term restoration of function, their long-term consequences actually may increase morbidity and mortality. Several agents have established roles in the treatment of these patients, whereas others, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, have yet to be investigated thoroughly. Results of two trials investigating the role of ACE inhibition after MI seem to provide sufficient data to warrant the use of these drugs in certain patient populations. These results are promising, but further investigation is necessary to answer key questions arising from these trials.
Spirituality Factors in the Prediction of Outcomes of PTSD Treatment for U.S. Military Veterans

Spirituality is a multifaceted construct that might affect veterans' recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adaptive and maladaptive ways. Using a cross-lagged panel design, this study examined longitudinal associations between spirituality and PTSD symptom severity among 532 U.S. veterans in a residential treatment program for combat-related PTSD. Results indicated that spirituality factors at the start of treatment were uniquely predictive of PTSD symptom severity at discharge, when accounting for combat exposure and both synchronous and autoregressive associations between the study variables, βs = .10 to .16. Specifically, veterans who scored higher on adaptive dimensions of spirituality (daily spiritual experiences, forgiveness, spiritual practices, positive religious coping, and organizational religiousness) at intake fared significantly better in this program. In addition, possible spiritual struggles (operationalized as negative religious coping) at baseline were predictive of poorer PTSD outcomes, β = .11. In contrast to these results, PTSD symptomatology at baseline did not predict any of the spirituality variables at posttreatment. In keeping with a spiritually integrative approach to treating combat-related PTSD, these results suggest that understanding the possible spiritual context of veterans' trauma-related concerns might add prognostic value and equip clinicians to alleviate PTSD symptomatology among those veterans who possess spiritual resources or are somehow struggling in this domain.
Fifty Years of Diversification Announcements

This paper studies the announcement returns associated with diversifying mergers from 1950 to 2002. It is widely believed that corporate diversification destroys value, but we find that combined (acquirer + target) announcement returns were significantly positive for diversifying mergers throughout the period, and no lower than the returns to related mergers. The return from diversifying mergers fell after the 1970s, consistent with the view that investors soured on diversification after the conglomerate merger wave. We also find that acquirer returns varied over time (positive in the 1960s, negative in the 1980s), but the estimates are hard to square with the idea that diversification was primarily driven by managerial objectives.
Primordial Black Holes: Observational characteristics of the final evaporation

For many early universe theories predict the creation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). PBHs could have masses ranging from the Planck mass to 105 solar masses or higher depending on the size of the universe at formation. A Black Hole (BH) has a Hawking temperature which is inversely proportional to its mass. Hence a sufficiently small BH will quasi-thermally radiate particles at an ever-increasing rate as emission lowers its mass and raises its temperature. Moreover, the final moments of this evaporation phase should be explosive and its description is dependent on the particle physics model. In this work we investigate the final few seconds of BH evaporation, using the Standard Model and incorporating the most recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results, and provide a new parameterization for the instantaneous emission spectrum. We calculate for the first time energy-dependent PBH burst light curves in the GeV/TeV energy range. Moreover, we explore PBH burst search methods and potential observational PBH burst signatures. We have found a unique signature in the PBH burst light curves that may be detectable by GeV/TeV gamma-ray observatories such as the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) observatory. Finally, the implications of beyond the Standard Model theories on themore » PBH burst observational characteristics are also discussed, including potential sensitivity of the instantaneous photon detection rate to a squark threshold in the 5–10 TeV range.« less
Semantic association effects in a mental comparison task

Two reaction time experiments explored the effect of semantic associations on the time required to make mental size comparisons. Subjects in both experiments were able to judge relative size more quickly for associated than for nonassociated pairs. This association effect was found for a variety of different types of semantic relationships. Experiment 2 used a large pool of pairs that were scaled for degree of association and subjective size of the individual items. This experiment demonstrated that a high degree of association is more facilitative for pairs with small rather than large size differences. Two different explanations of the results are presented, and it is tentatively suggested that work on mental comparison may be integrated with a broader range of semantic memory research.
SusG: A Unique Cell-Membrane-Associated α-Amylase from a Prominent Human Gut Symbiont Targets Complex Starch Molecules

SusG is an alpha-amylase and part of a large protein complex on the outer surface of the bacterial cell and plays a major role in carbohydrate acquisition by the animal gut microbiota. Presented here, the atomic structure of SusG has an unusual extended, bilobed structure composed of amylase at one end and an unprecedented internal carbohydrate-binding motif at the other. Structural studies further demonstrate that the carbohydrate-binding motif binds maltooligosaccharide distal to, and on the opposite side of, the amylase catalytic site. SusG has an additional starch-binding site on the amylase domain immediately adjacent to the active cleft. Mutagenesis analysis demonstrates that these two additional starch-binding sites appear to play a role in catabolism of insoluble starch. However, elimination of these sites has only a limited effect, suggesting that they may have a more important role in product exchange with other Sus components.
Application of hidden Markov random field approach for quantification of perfusion/diffusion mismatch in acute ischemic stroke.

AbstractThe perfusion/diffusion 'mismatch model' in acute ischemic stroke provides the potential to more accurately understand the consequences of thrombolytic therapy on an individual patient basis. Few methods exist to quantify mismatch extent (ischemic penumbra) and none have shown a robust ability to predict infarcted tissue outcome. Hidden Markov random field (HMRF) approaches have been used successfully in many other applications. The aim of the study was to develop a method for rapid and reliable identification and quantification of perfusion/diffusion mismatch using an HMRF approach. An HMRF model was used in combination with automated contralateral identification to segment normal tissue from non-infarcted tissue with perfusion abnormality. The infarct was used as a seed point to initialize segmentation, along with the contralateral mirror tissue. The two seeds were then allowed to compete for ownership of all unclassified tissue. In addition, a novel method was presented for quantifying tissue s...
Differentiating the relative importance of land cover change and geomorphic processes on fine sediment sequestration in a logged watershed

Abstract Timber harvest often results in accelerated soil erosion and subsequent elevated fine (
Efficient approaches to low-cost high-fault coverage VLSI BIST designs

This work introduces a built-in self-test (BIST) design methodology that can sequentially test large very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits with very high fault coverage. The proposed techniques, circular BIST ((BIST) and (BIST with pseudopartial scan (PPSCAN), are modeled after the principles of the circular self-test path (CSTP). The basis of this method is to trade a minimal increase in hardware overhead for a large increase in fault coverage. It is shown that this technique yields a much higher fault coverage with reasonable time and test vector length when compared with existing sequential test methods. The effectiveness of the technique has been demonstrated by applying it to practical VLSI circuits, which include: 1) the system control coprocessor (CP0) of MIPS 3000 central processing unit (CPU) core and 2) the SIMD graphic engine, namely, enhanced memory chip (EMC). The BIST results show that (BIST and its derivative (BIST with pseudopartial scan (PPSCAN) are feasible for practical VLSI designs and generate BIST with high fault coverage and low overhead.
Transmission Scanning Using a Continuous X-ray Source

A system of rectilinear scanning has been developed which senses the presence of particular elements by measuring the differential attenuation of x-ray photons about a specific absorption edge. A continuous x-ray spectrum generated from a side-window 50 kVcp tube is used and the transmitted beam is detected by an energy selective Ge(HP) semiconductor detector. Measurements on phantoms with absorbers up to 10 cm thick indicate sensitivity to middle Z elements such as iodine, down to the range of 1 mg/cm2 in reasonable scanning times. Little effect was seen by additional 1" absorbers, and the effects of in-line voids can be minimized. Scans were taken of rabbit kidneys and bileary tracts as an iodated contrast agent was infused, and of rabbit lungs while the animal breathed a xenon/oxygen mixture. Future directions for this technique of transmission scanning are discussed.
Individual differences in aggressive responses to attack: Internal-external locus of control and field dependence-independence

Abstract Two experiments assessed the effect of individual differences on aggression. In both studies subjects were exposed to opponents in the competitive reaction time task who decreased the intensity of their attack from high to low, remained constantly moderate in their attack, or increased the intensity of their attack from low to high. In the first experiment Internal Locus of Control subjects consistently set high intensity shocks in response to high intensity attack and low shocks in response to mild attack. External subjects showed relatively minor variations in their aggressive responses to varying intensities of attack. In the second experiment field-independent subjects set more intense shocks than field-dependent subjects only in the Decreasing attack condition.
Vibrational Bound States of the He2Ne+ Cation

The vibrational bound states of the He2Ne+ complex have been determined using a potential energy surface previously published by Seong et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 7456]. The calculation was performed by sequential diagonalization−truncation techniques in a discrete variable representation using Radau hyperspherical coordinates. There are 52 bound levels. The ground state has an energy of 605.3 cm−1 above the absolute minimum and lies about half way to dissociation. The evaporation energy of one He atom is equal to 866.1 cm−1. Only four levels have energies below the classical energy for dissociation, and all the other 48 states are bound by the zero-point energy of the HeNe+ fragment. The implications of the properties of the eigenvalue spectrum and of the corresponding wave functions on the vibrational relaxation dynamics and infrared spectra of HeNNe+ clusters is discussed.
CCK-8S Facilitates 5-HT Release in the Rat Hypothalamus

Abstract The effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) on food intake are well established. Based on pharmacological studies, an interactive model for 5-HT and CCK was proposed. The present microdialysis study was aimed to provide neurochemical evidence for a facilitatory effect of CCK-8S on 5-HT release in the lateral hypothalamus under in vivo conditions. The results indicate an increase of extracellular hypothalamic 5-HT both during food intake in previously food-deprived rats and also after systemic administration of 8 μg/kg and 40 μg/kg CCK-8s in food-deprived rats. The results show that peripherally administered CCK-8s induces central serotonergic effects, possibly related to feeding.
Epitope tagging of the yeast K(+) carrier Trk2p demonstrates folding that is consistent with a channel-like structure.

TRK family proteins, which mediate the concentrative uptake of potassium by plant cells, fungi, and bacteria, resemble primitive potassium channels in sequence and have recently been proposed actually to fold like potassium channels in a 4-MPM motif (Durell, S. R., and Guy, H. R. (1999) Biophys. J. 77, 789 - 807), instead of like conventional substrate porters in the 12-TM motif (Gaber, R. F., Styles, C. A., and Fink, G. R. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 2848-2859). The known fungal members of this family possess a very long hydrophilic loop, positioned intracellularly in the K+-channel model and extracellularly in the substrate porter model. This and two shorter hydrophilic segments have been tested as topological markers for the true folding pattern of TRK proteins using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trk2p. Hemagglutinin epitope tags were inserted into all three segments, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was fused to the C terminus of Trk2p. The gene constructs were expressed from a high copy plasmid, and sidedness of the tags was determined by native fluorescence (EGFP), indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. Both the long-loop tag and the C-terminal EGFP fusion allowed abundant protein to reach the plasma membrane and support normal yeast growth. In all determinations, the long-loop tag was localized to the inner surface of the yeast cell plasma membrane, thus strongly supporting the channel-like folding model. Additional observations showed (i) membrane-associated Trk2p to lie in proteolipid rafts; (ii) significant tagged protein, expressed from the plasmid, to be sequestered in cytoplasmic vesicular-tubular clusters; and (iii) suppression of such clusters by yeast growth in 5-10% glycerol. This chaperone-like effect may assist other membrane proteins (overexpressed or heterologously expressed) to function within the yeast plasma membrane.
Activation of latent TGF-β by thrombospondin-1: mechanisms and physiology

Abstract Regulation of the activation of latent TGF-β is essential for health as too much or too little TGF-β activity can have serious, deleterious consequences. The processes that control conversion of the precursor to the biologically active form of TGF-β in vivo are not well characterized. We have identified a mechanism for the activation of latent TGF-β that involves binding of the secreted and extracellular matrix protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), to the latent precursor. Specific sequences in TSP-1 and in the precursor portion (the latency associate peptide–LAP) have been determined to be essential for activation of latent TGF-β by TSP-1. It is thought that binding of TSP-1 to the latent complex induces a conformational rearrangement of the LAP in such a manner as to prevent the LAP from conferring latency on the mature domain of TGF-β. A TSP-dependent mechanism of activation may be locally important during wound healing and in post-natal development of epithelial structures. The possible involvement of TSP-1 in TGF-β activation during several disease processes is also discussed.
Plant carbohydrate limitation on nitrate reduction in wetland microcosms.

Abstract Although nitrate limitation in most natural wetlands results in pseudo-first-order reductions, large site-to-site variations in apparent denitrification rates cannot be easily explained by water quality (e.g., pH, Temp, DOC) or plant productivity. Our microcosm results show increasing nitrate removal efficiencies at higher ratios of total applied plant carbon to nitrate reduced, suggesting that denitrification rates may be limited by the rates of supply of both electron donor or acceptor, described by an applied carbon to nitrate (C App : N Red ) ratio. However, the observed first-order rate constants varied more strongly ( r 2 =0.77, p ⪡0.0001) with the acid-soluble carbohydrates to nitrate (CH 2 O App : N Red ) ratio than the total C App : N Red ratio. Although observed rate constants for bulrush ( Scirpus sp . ) were significantly lower (0.01 p Hydrocotyle sp., Lemna sp., Typha sp . ), there were no significant differences in the plant-specific rate constants when compared at the same CH 2 O App : N Red ratio. In full-scale wetlands, this suggests that either high plant productivity or low NO 3 − loading (high CH 2 O App : N Red ) may contribute to a high effective denitrification rate. In contrast, low productivity or a high NO 3 − loading (low CH 2 O App : N Red ) would promote a lower denitrification rate. This co-limitation between plant carbon and nitrate may confound first-order rate comparisons in full scale denitrification wetlands since highly N-loaded systems may become carbon limited, requiring higher order reaction kinetics to better describe performance variations. In addition to hydraulic residence time, temperature and nitrate removal data, extending these results to compare large wetlands will require estimation of the CH 2 O App : N Red ratio from an inventory of plant species, productivity estimates and carbon quality.
Day 14 bone marrow biopsy in predicting complete remission and survival in acute myeloid leukemia

We retrospectively analyzed 194 previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to evaluate the role of Day 14 bone marrow (BM) biopsy in predicting complete remission (CR). Sixty-seven percent received induction therapy. Achieving Day 14 BM 5% at Day 14 may still achieve a Day 28 CR, and not necessarily need reinduction therapy though high risk cytochemical or cytogenetic phenotype predicts a need for retreatment.
Global solutions for operator Riccati equations with unbounded coefficients: A non-linear semigroup approach

Let X be a Banach space of real-valued functions on [0, 1] and let L(X) be the space of bounded linear operators on X. We are interested in solutions R: [0, ∞) → L(X) for the operator Riccati equation R' + TR + RT = TB 1 (t) + TB 2 (t)R + RTB 4 (t) + RTB 4 (t)R, where T is an unbounded multiplication operator in X and the B i (t)'s are bounded linear integral operators on X. This equation arises in transport theory as the result of an invariant embedding of the Boltzmann equation. Solutions which are of physical interest are those that take on values in the space of bounded linear operators on L 1 (0, 1). Conditions on X, R(0), T, and the coefficients are found such that the theory of non-linear semigroups may be used to prove global existence of strong solutions in L(X) that also satisfy R(t) ∈ L(L 1 (0, 1)) for all t ≥ 0
Silicon Nanowire Bridge Arrays With Dramatically Improved Yields Enabled by Gold Colloids Functionalized With HF Acid and Poly-L-Lysine

Nanowire bridges are attractive structures for characterizing nanowires without impairment during the postprocessing steps and fabricating high-performance sensors. In this study, arrays of silicon nanowire bridges were reproducibly fabricated using chemical vapor deposition in the confined regions of patterned silicon electrodes. While depositing gold colloids without additives resulted in a negligible number of nanowire bridges, treating the colloids with HF acid or functionalizing the silicon electrode surfaces with poly-L-lysine increased the yields to nearly 97%. This dramatic improvement in yield was a result of increased adsorption of Au nanoparticles to the electrode surface. We show that diluted colloids along with the electrode surface treatment increase the possibility of occurrence of bridges with fewer nanowires. Micrographs and current-voltage measurements showed robust electrical, mechanical and metallurgical connections of nanowire bridges to the electrodes during the growth process.
Homeward Bound: Ḥusayn Muruwwah’s Integrative Quest for Authenticity

Abstract Ḥusayn Muruwwah was one of the most influential Arab intellectuals of the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1950s and 1960s he was critical in reinventing literary criticism and was at the vanguard of the postcolonial intelligentsia and its search for a new Arab culture. Before that he was cleric at Najaf, then a follower of Arab Liberalism, then a Marxist and, eventually a Communist. In the process of this intellectual metamorphosis Muruwwah moved from South Lebanon, to Najaf, Baghdad, Beirut, Damascus and Moscow. This article reconsiders the importance of Muruwwah’s personal narrative of displacement, search and commitment to Arab postcoloniality. It argues that much of what has been written about Ḥusayn Muruwwah’s life underscores a polarization of experience—as movement from the village to the city, from religion to secularism, from Liberalism to Communism. In contrast, this article suggests that Ḥusayn Muruwwah, and dozens of others like him, never really shifted between positions, or “converted.” Instead, Muruwwah kept adding layer after layer to what became a complex and highly integrative intellectual identity that simultaneously drew on several seemingly contradictory traditions and intellectual genealogies, culminating in his methodology of critical Socialist Realism and the effort to re-read Islamic turāth along Marxist lines.
Nucleotide modification of tRNA in. the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not Affected by the ψ factor which modulates suppression efficiency.

We have examined the tRNAs of two related strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ψ+ and ψ−, which differ with respect to an extrachromosomal genetic element that modulates the expression of genotypic and phenotypic suppression. Both the pattern of tRNAs synthesized and the level of nucleotide modification of several selected tRNA species were found to be the same in the ψ+ and ψ− strains.
SU‐FF‐T‐403: The Dose‐Volume Differences by Set‐Up Error for Prostate

Purpose: To simulate the dose‐volume changes by set‐up errors for prostate. Method and Materials: Patient set‐up errors consist of two parts, one for the systematic error, and one for random error. A prostate patient was treated with IMRT has 7.0mm margin in posterior and 9.0mm margin in others. To simplify analysis, the first numerical simulation was no random error present. The systematic errors had a shift of 1.0mm, 2.0mm, and 3.0mm along each axis. Next, the simulation had 1.0mm, 2.0mm, and 3.0mm standard deviation in random error only. We compared the receiving dose of the 95% volume of prostate (D95%), the volume of receiving dose more than 90% and 70% of the prescribed dose (V90% and V70%) for rectum and bladder in each numerical simulation cases. Results: In our simulation cases, the receiving dose of prostate (D95%) is more than 99.95% prescribed dose. A systematic error within 3.0mm in Rt‐Lt direction, the percent volume change of bladder and rectum ( V90% and V70%) are less than 2.5%. In the Sup‐Inf direction, no large percent volume change of rectum was found. There are more than 3% volume changes for bladder in the 3.0mm shift of Sup‐Inf direction. The worse results are the percent volume change of rectum in the Ant‐Post. More than 6% volume changes for rectum in 1.0mm shift to anterior. No more than 2.5% volume changes for bladder and rectum within 3.0mm standard deviation (SD) in Rt‐Lt and Sup‐Inf direction. Up to 3.0mm SD in Ant‐Post, rectum volume (V90%) had 5.6% changes apparently. Otherwise, random error has less volume changes than systematic error in our data. Conclusions: The rectum volume change is sensitive to systematic error in Ant‐Post direction. Set‐up should be accuracy in Ant‐Post direction than others. Also, accuracy is more important than precision.
A framework for modelling setup carryover in the capacitated lot sizing problem

This paper addresses the single-level capacitated lot sizing problem (CLSP) with setup carryover. Specifically, we consider a class of production planning problems in which multiple products can be produced within a time period and significant setup times are incurred when changing from one product to another. Hence, there might be instances where developing a feasible schedule becomes possible only if setups are carried over from one period to another. We develop a modelling framework to formulate the CLSP with setup times and setup carryovers. We then extend the modelling framework to include multiple machines and tool requirements planning. The need for such a model that integrates both planning and lot sizing decisions is motivated by the existence of a similar problem in a paper mill. We apply the modelling framework to solve optimally, an instance of the paper mill's problem.
REFRACTORY CERAMIC BASE COATS FOR METAL

Refractory ceramic base coatings were formulated and developed for application to ingot iron, low-carbon steel, and alloy metals. Mill additions to increase the effectiveness of the coatings produced from various frit glasses were studied. Diaspore proved to be the most desirable of the materials considered. The formulation of special frit glasses was undertaken to further increase the refractoriness and heat-resistant properties of ceramic coatings. The effects of changes in the base composition and the inclusion of various refractory materials was investigated. Tests for the evaluation of the coatings are listed with a summary of the results obtained. Metal preparation and procedures are described. Sandblasting is the recommended method of preparing metals for coating. Results of service tests are discussed. The important part that ceramics can play in aeronautics is pointed out.
Analysis of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer contextual algorithm for small fire detection

In the southeastern United States, most wildland fires are of low intensity. A substantial number of these fires cannot be detected by the MODIS contextual algorithm. To improve the accuracy of fire detection for this region, the remote-sensed characteristics of these fires have to be systematically analyzed. Using an adjusted algorithm, this study collected a database including 6596 remote-sensed fire pixels in 72 MODIS granules, of which 3809 fire pixels are missed by the MODIS contextual algorithm. The statistical distributions of the sensor~observed fire reflectance and brightness temperature at relevant spectral channels are analyzed. The study explains the reasons that the detection of low intensity fires by the MODIS contextual algorithm is significantly influenced by view angles, especially when view angles are greater than 40 degrees. This paper discusses and suggests several aspects which could improve regional detection of low intensity fires. The results indicate that I) the R::: threshold R::: 310 K is too high, and a lower threshold of T, > 293 K should be adopted instead; 3) the threshold !>T> 10 K is also too high, and both algorithms that use it risk omitting small fires because of this threshold.