cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor 2 (KDR/Flk-1) Activity by a Monoclonal Anti-VEGF Antibody Blocks Tumor Growth in Mice

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional angiogenic growth factor that is a primary stimulant of the development and maintenance of a vascular network in embryogenesis and the vascularization of solid tumors. At the present time there are two well-characterized receptors for VEGF that are selectively expressed on endothelium. VEGF receptor 2 [VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1)] mediates endothelial cell mitogenesis and permeability increases, whereas the role of VEGF receptor 1 [VEGFR1 (Flt-1)] has not been clearly defined. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody, 2C3, is shown to block the interaction of VEGF with VEGFR2 but not with VEGFR1 through ELISA, receptor binding assays, and receptor activation assays. 2C3 blocks the VEGF-induced vascular permeability increase in guinea pig skin. 2C3 has potent antitumor activity, inhibiting the growth of newly injected and established human tumor xenografts in mice. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of 2C3 in dissecting the pathways that are activated by VEGF in cells that express both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, as well as highlighting the dominant role of VEGFR2 in mediating VEGF-induced vascular permeability increases and tumor angiogenesis.
Social Behavior of the Fowl

Abstract Presented are a series of approaches to experimentation on the social behavior of chickens. These include the role of domestication, developmental and genetic aspects of behavior, and the interfacing of genetics and social strife with pathogens and parasites.
Prenatal diagnosis and management of massive bilateral axillary cystic lymphangioma.

Background : Fetal lymphangiomas can occur in many different anatomic locations, including the most commonly seen nuchal cystic hygroma. Case : A fetus at 18 weeks' gestation was found to have a massive right axillary hygroma. The fetal karyotype was normal. Serial ultrasound examinations indicated progressive enlargement, but no hydrops. At 32 weeks' gestation, a left axillary hygroma was also diagnosed. The patient underwent cesarean delivery. Conclusion : Prenatal diagnosis of nuchal cystic hygromas has a high association with karyotypic abnormalities, hydrops, and fetal demise; however, this association may not apply to cystic lymphangiomas at other locations.
A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of Environmentalism

We present a theory of the basis of support for a social movement. Three types of support (citizenship actions, policy support and acceptance, and personal-sphere behaviors that accord with movement principles) are empirically distinct from each other and from committed activism. Drawing on theoretical work on values and norm-activation processes, we propose a value-belief-norm (VBN) theory of movement support. Individuals who accept a movement’s basic values, believe that valued objects are threatened, and believe that their actions can help restore those values experience an obligation (personal norm) for pro-movement action that creates a predisposition to provide support; the particular type of support that results is dependent on the individual’s capabilities and constraints. Data from a national survey of 420 respondents suggest that the VBN theory, when compared with other prevalent theories, offers the best available account of support for the environmental movement.
The Influence of Organizational Acquisition Experience on Acquisition Performance: A Behavioral Learning Perspective

Drawing on work from behavioral learning theory in psychology, this study examines the influence of prior organizational acquisition experience on the performance of acquisitions. This theory, which examines both the conditions preceding organization events and organizational responses, predicts that experience effects may range from positive to negative. Consistent with this theory, data from 449 acquisitions show an overall U-shaped relationship between organization acquisition experience and acquisition performance. In addition, the more similar a firm's acquisition targets are to its prior targets, the better they perform. These findings suggest that relatively inexperienced acquirers, after making their first acquisition, inappropriately generalize acquisition experience to subsequent dissimilar acquisitions, while more experienced acquirers appropriately discriminate between their acquisitions. Behavioral learning theory, then, may enhance understanding of organization experience effects.
Suboptimal nucleotides in the infectious, pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus clone SIVmac239

We analyzed virus sequences in two monkeys infected with SIVmac239 and two monkeys infected with SHIVnef that maintained high, persisting viral loads. Sequence changes were observed consistently at four loci in all four animals: a single nucleotide change in the Lys-tRNA primer binding site in the 5' long terminal repeat; two nucleotide changes that resulted in two amino acid changes in the pol gene product; and a single nucleotide change in the region of the simian immunodeficiency virus genome where the rev and env genes overlap, resulting in changes in the predicted amino acid sequences of both gene products. None of these mutations were seen in short-term cultures of CEMx174 cells infected with SIVmac239 or SHIVnef. At all four positions in all four animals, the new sequences represented consensus sequences for primate lentiviruses, whereas the inoculum sequences at these four loci have either never been or rarely been reported outside of SIVmac239. Thus, although cloned SIVmac239 is consistently pathogenic and consistently induces high viral load set points, it is clearly less than optimal at these four nucleotide positions.
Acquired ASXL1 mutations are common in patients with inherited GATA2 mutations and correlate with myeloid transformation

Inherited or sporadic heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor GATA2 lead to a clinical syndrome characterized by non-tuberculous mycobacterial and other opportunistic infections, a severe deficiency in monocytes, B cells and natural killer cells, and progression from a hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome to myeloid leukemias. To identify acquired somatic mutations associated with myeloid transformation in patients with GATA2 mutations, we sequenced the region of the ASXL1 gene previously associated with transformation from myelodysplasia to myeloid leukemia. Somatic, heterozygous ASXL1 mutations were identified in 14/48 (29%) of patients with GATA2 deficiency, including four out of five patients who developed a proliferative chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Although patients with GATA2 mutations had a similarly high incidence of myeloid transformation when compared to previously described patients with ASXL1 mutations, GATA2 deficiency patients with acquired ASXL1 mutation were considerably younger, almost exclusively female, and had a high incidence of transformation to a proliferative chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. These patients may benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before the development of acute myeloid leukemia or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00018044, NCT00404560, NCT00001467, NCT00923364.).
An Object-Oriented Job Execution Environment

This is a project for developing a distributed job execution environment for highly iterative jobs. An iterative job is one where the same binary code is run hundreds of times with incremental changes in the input values for each run. An execution environment is a set of resources on a computing platform that can be made available to run the job and hold the output until it is collected. The goal is to design a complete, object-oriented scheduling system that will run a variety of jobs with minimal changes. Areas of code that are unique to one specific type of job are decoupled from the rest. The system allows for fine-grained job control, timely status notification and dynamic registration and deregistration of execution platforms depending on resources available. Several objected-oriented technologies are employed: Java, CORBA, UML, and software design patterns. The environment has been tested using a CFD code, INS2D.
Lessons Learned from the Use of Artifact Models in Industrial Projects

In industrial projects, commonly a large number of work products needs to be created and managed. Explicitly documented models of the artifacts under development may assist in planning the structure of work products and defining the processes used for requirements development and management. In our experience, however, industrial organizations often do not explicitly define and capture requirements artifact models, because creating a documented artifact model is often perceived as having a high cost, while the benefits of its use are seen as unclear. This paper describes the analysis of the use of requirements artifact models in four industrial projects. The analysis results describe benefits of artifact models in industrial environments and six lessons learned that guide practitioners to a more effective and efficient use of such models.
Bromelain treatment decreases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by colon biopsies in vitro

Oral bromelain has been anecdotally reported to decrease inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). Proteolytically active bromelain is known to decrease expression of mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines by human leukocytes in vitro. To assess the effect of bromelain on mucosal secretion of cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), endoscopic colon biopsies from patients with UC, Crohn's disease (CD), and non-IBD controls were treated in vitro with bromelain or media, then cultured. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was measured. Significant increases in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were detected in the media from actively inflamed areas in UC and CD as compared with non-inflamed IBD tissue and non-IBD controls. In vitro bromelain treatment decreased secretion of G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-gamma, CCL4/macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1beta, and TNF by inflamed tissue in IBD. Bromelain may be a novel therapy for IBD.
Brain Human Monoclonal Autoantibody from Sydenham Chorea Targets Dopaminergic Neurons in Transgenic Mice and Signals Dopamine D2 Receptor: Implications in Human Disease

How autoantibodies target the brain and lead to disease in disorders such as Sydenham chorea (SC) is not known. SC is characterized by autoantibodies against the brain and is the main neurologic manifestation of streptococcal-induced rheumatic fever. Previously, our novel SC-derived mAb 24.3.1 was found to recognize streptococcal and brain Ags. To investigate in vivo targets of human mAb 24.3.1, VH/VL genes were expressed in B cells of transgenic (Tg) mice as functional chimeric human VH 24.3.1-mouse C-region IgG1(a) autoantibody. Chimeric human-mouse IgG1(a) autoantibody colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase in the basal ganglia within dopaminergic neurons in vivo in VH 24.3.1 Tg mice. Both human mAb 24.3.1 and IgG1(a) in Tg sera were found to react with human dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Reactivity of chorea-derived mAb 24.3.1 or SC IgG with D2R was confirmed by dose-dependent inhibitory signaling of D2R as a potential consequence of targeting dopaminergic neurons, reaction with surface-exposed FLAG epitope-tagged D2R, and blocking of Ab reactivity by an extracellular D2R peptide. IgG from SC and a related subset of streptococcal-associated behavioral disorders called "pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococci" (PANDAS) with small choreiform movements reacted in ELISA with D2R. Reaction with FLAG-tagged D2R distinguished SC from PANDAS, whereas sera from both SC and PANDAS induced inhibitory signaling of D2R on transfected cells comparably to dopamine. In this study, we define a mechanism by which the brain may be altered by Ab in movement and behavioral disorders.
The effect of CO2 on the photosynthetic physiology of phytoplankton in the Gulf of Alaska

In the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters of the Gulf of Alaska, microcosm manipulation experiments were used to assess the effect of CO2 on growth and primary production under iron-limited and iron-replete conditions. As expected, iron had a strong effect on growth and photosynthesis. A modest and variable stimulation of growth and biomass production by CO2 (high CO2: 77–122 Pa; low CO2: 11-17 Pa) was observed under both iron-replete and iron-limited conditions, though near the limit of precision of our measurements in slow-growing low-iron experiments. Physiological acclimations responsible for the changes in growth were assessed. Under iron-limited conditions, growth stimulation at high CO2 appeared to result from an increase in photosynthetic efficiency, which we attribute to energy savings from down-regulation of the carbon concentrating mechanisms. In some cases, iron-rich photosynthetic proteins (PsbA, PsaC, and cytochrome b6) were down-regulated at elevated CO2 in iron-limited controls. Under iron-replete conditions, there was an increase in growth rate and biomass at high CO2 in some experiments. This increase was unexpectedly supported by reductions in cellular carbon loss, most likely decreased respiration. We speculate that this effect may be due to acclimation to decreased pH rather than high CO2. The variability in responses to CO2 among experiments did not appear to be caused by differences in phytoplankton community structure and may reflect the sensitivity of the net response of phytoplankton to antagonistic effects of the several parameters that co-vary with CO2.
Explicit counterions in actin polymerization simulations

The role of electrostatic interactions and ionic strength effects in actin polymerization has been well documented. This behavior has been explained using Brownian dynamics simulations where the electrostatics were based on Poisson-Boltzmann calculations. In cases where the electrostatic potential is strong, the assumption of Boltzmann distributed ions become inaccurate since it ignores the finite size and interactions of the ions. Here I present a new method for including explicit counterions in electrostatic calculations and show how these influence actin polymerization and protein interactions in general.
Concussion Management Practice Patterns Among Sports Medicine Physicians.

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to examine concussion management practice patterns among sports medicine physicians in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using a web-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We distributed a questionnaire to physician members of the AMSSM assessing the current practices for evaluating and managing concussions sustained during sports. Specifically, we asked respondents about their use of management guidelines, medications, balance assessments, neuropsychological tests, and return-to-play strategies. RESULTS: Of the 3591 members emailed, 425 (11.8%) respondents responded. Ninety-seven percent of respondents reported basing current management of sport-related concussion on a published set of criteria, with a majority (91.9%) following the guidelines provided by the Fourth International Conference on Concussion in Sport. Seventy-six percent of respondents reported using medication beyond 48 hours postinjury. Acetaminophen was reported as the most commonly administered medication, although tricyclic antidepressants and amantadine were also commonly administered. Vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements were also reported as commonly administered. Most respondents reported using a form of neuropsychological testing (87.1%). A majority of respondents (88.6%) reported allowing athletes to return to competition after concussion only once the athlete becomes symptom free and completes a return-to-play protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Most sports medicine physicians seem to use recently developed guidelines for concussion management, regularly use medications and neuropsychological testing in management strategies, and follow established return-to-play guidelines. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sports medicine physicians seem to have clinical expertise in the management of sport-related concussion. Language: en
Latinas' appraisal of participation in breast cancer prevention clinical trials.

have proposed a conceptual model to under-stand the factors that influence the lack of participationby ethnic minority women and to design outreach inter-ventions to recruit these women more successfully. Themodel outlines the interplay of three factors found to berelevant to the recruitment of ethnic minorities intoresearch studies: awareness, acceptability, and access.Basically, women must have an understanding of theimportance of the research (awareness), an appraisal thatsociety approves of their participation (acceptability),andthe presence of adequate resources to overcome partici-pation barriers (access).Many ethnic minority women,including Latinas,havebeen observed to have limited or no awareness about theimportance of clinical trials research or the proceduresinvolved in such studies. Moreover, their acceptance ofand participation in clinical trials might be dependent ona particular ethnic group's social, psychological, and cul-tural factors related to seeking health care services.Group-specific studies rather than studies that generalizeacross ethnic minority groups may be needed. Access bar-riers might be somewhat more similar across disadvan-taged ethnic minority groups because these barriers aremore likely to be linked to low socioeconomic status,health literacy levels, and institutional practices. Thus, alogical first step in an effort to increase Latinas’participa-tion in clinical trials is to understand their level of clinicaltrials knowledge and their views about what factorswould motivate or discourage them from enrolling andadhering to clinical trials in the context of social,psycho-logical, and cultural variables. The aim of this pilot studyis to contribute to such understanding.
PICS, Censorship, and Intellectual Freedom

The published articles describing have focused on individual controls over the materials that are received on a computer. While those articles also mention the possibility of more centralized controls (e.g., by employers or governments), they describe only briefly the technical details and the intellectual freedom implications of such centralized controls. The civil liberties community has raised some alarms about those intellectual freedom implications. The goals for this Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document are to: (1) Clarify some technical questions about individual and centralized content controls based on PICS; (2) Argue that the net impact of PICS will be to shift government policies away from centralized controls and toward individual controls, although this impact may be visible only at the margins. (3) Describe how the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) presents PICS in the public policy arena.
Complex MtDNA Variation and Species Delimitations in the Phyciodes tharos Species Group (Nymphalidae: Melitaeini): A Second Look in Michigan and Ohio

ABSTRACT. The number and delimitation of species in the Phyciodes tharos species complex has puzzled lepidopterists for years. Previous analysis of mtDNA sequence data has suggested that P. cocyta is more closely related to P. cocyta than to P. tharos, in contrast to inferences from morphology and ecology. We sequenced the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I for 40 individuals of Phyciodes tharos, P. cocyta, and P. cocyta from Michigan and Ohio, a region at the boundaries of the geographic ranges of these species. Network and cladistic analyses reveal shared mtDNA lineages, indicating that limited hybridization occurs in this region between P. cocyta and the other two taxa but not between P. tharos and P. cocyta. Our evidence also supports the traditional phylogenetic assessment of P. tharos and P. cocyta as the two most closely related species in this species group. Data from nuclear genes are needed to more fully resolve this intriguing group of butterflies.
Social structure and personal choice

A review of representative literature in the newly developing area of alternative lifestyle research suggests an antisocial structural bias. The origin of this trend and its implications for a theoretically based social science of alternative lifestyles are explored. The aged, women, and Black families are viewed as examples where social structural conditions affect the diversity of intimacy, marriage, and family alternative lifestyles chosen. Current definitions of alternative lifestyles, individual freedom, and choice are seen as reflecting and supporting the social, political, and economic status quo in American society. It is concluded that a social science of alternative lifestyles is only possible when we more fully understand the individual, institutional, and historical dynamics determining the availability and feasibility of alternatives in intimacy, marriage, and family life.
Observations concerning virtual power

A ‘principle of virtual power’ has been re-introduced in recent years into the continuum mechanics literature, and used in the modeling of material behavior that involves multiple length scales. In these works, the ‘principle’ is stated for arbitrary parts of a body and this flexibility is used, to a certain extent, to draw conclusions concerning the structure of the theory that results. However, this arbitrariness, when fully applied, carries many consequences that have been overlooked. Here, a theorem and an example application are given to illustrate the restrictive nature of the ‘principle’, as it has been stated, and to draw attention to its severe consequences: consequences that question the appropriateness of the conclusions that have been reported in the recent literature.
Plasmonic Bar-Coupled Dots-on-Pillar Cavity Antenna with Dual Resonances for Infrared Absorption and Sensing: Performance and Nanoimprint Fabrication

We report the structure, performance and large-area fabrication of a thin plasmonic infrared absorber, termed “bar-shaped disk-coupled dots-on-pillar antenna-array” (bar-D2PA). The bar-D2PAs, which are simple to fabricate, demonstrate the following, experimentally: (i) a different light-absorption resonance for each polarization with the resonance peak tunable by the bar-to-backplane gap and the bar size; (ii) for the geometry tested, the reflection is nearly constant at ∼10%, but the transmission and absorption highly depend upon the bar size and the gap between the bar and the backplane (e.g., the absorption of 77% (30%), the transmission of 9% (62%), and the resonance peak at 3.12 μm (3.04 μm) for the polarization along 700 nm long (185 nm short) axis and a 20 nm gap); (iii) a smaller gap significantly enhances the normalized extraordinary transmission, and (iv) the extraordinary transmissions become larger as the polarized bar side is in deeper subwavelength. The bar-D2PAs were fabricated in large are...
Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose?

Resistance to change seems to be a deeply ingrained trait of French national character, and therefore traditional political accounts of France emphasize historical continuity. Yet, France has changed considerably in the past two decades, whether in economic, social, or political terms. This article reviews Changing France: The Politics That Markets Make and, beyond this book, asks how France has and has not been transformed. The central argument is that this change has taken place for the most part in the shadows instead of being publicized and debated. This has led to an overwhelming feeling of malaise in society and to a crisis of political representation.
PDA/FDA Virus & TSE Safety Conference

In this issue, we present a summary of the 2015 PDA Virus and TSE Safety conference held in Cascais, Portugal. Starting in the mid-1990s, this conference series has discussed the state-of-the-art regarding regulatory aspects, virus testing and detection, virus reduction by the manufacturing process
Economic Base of Financial Value——An Analysis of Labor Value

This paper first explores labor value and value category as well as value decision of modern finance,and then analyses the inherent relationship of the above two values and finally points out the labor value not only constitutes the theoretical basis of China traditional finance but also provides enlightenment for the development of China modern finance.It is a fundamental task for modern finance to study the value movement itself and financial relationship.
Examples Using Differential Forms

In this chapter we calculate probability density functions for the canonical correlations (Section 9.1), Hotelling T2 (Section 9.2), and the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix (Section 9.3). The calculations of Section 9.1 were stated by James (1954) who did the problem in the central case only. The noncentral case was computed by Constantine (1963). Our derivation differs somewhat from that of Constantine in that we place more emphasis on the use of differential forms. The results of Section 9.3 are taken directly from James (1954). The calculations of Section 9.2 are original to the author and are inserted in order to include this important example. In the problems, Section 9.4, several problems present background material. Problems 9.4.7 and 9.4.8 treat the distribution of the correlation coefficients using differential forms. There are other examples of the use of differential forms in the book, notably Section 5.3 on the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix, which should be compared with Section 9.3, Section 10.3 on the noncentral multivariate beta density function, which should be compared with Section 5.7, and Section 11.0.1 on the decomposition X = AT t , T ∈ T(k) and A a n × k matrix such that A t A = I k .
IL-4 increases surfactant and regulates metabolism in vivo.

Mice that express interleukin (IL)-4 in Clara cells (CCSP-IL-4) develop chronic airway inflammation and an alveolar proteinosis-like syndrome. To identify the role of IL-4 in surfactant homeostasis...
A Functional Analysis and the Potential Clinical Significance Of 7 Categories of Sperm Morphology

AbstractSperm morphology is a critical factor in the evaluation of infertile men. Patients often exhibit a morphology profile with consistent increases of specific abnormal categories of sperm morphology. We analyzed the functional ability of 7 categories of sperm morphology using assays that measure sperm viability longevity, deoxyribonucleic acid packing, acrosomal status, and the stimulation of the acrosome reaction with human cumulus/oocyte complexes and calcium ionophore A23187. Each morphology category was separately analyzed initially and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24hours of in vitro culture. The data indicate that all categories of abnormal sperm morphology exhibit various functional debilities. However, tapered sperm most closely approached normal sperm function. All abnormal categories possessed subpopulations of sperm that functioned normally to the limits of these assays. These data indicate that increases in any of the categories of abnormal sperm morphology may lead to decreased fertility due to d...
Affective expectations influence neural responses to stressful images in soldiers.

In the present study, we examined how expectations about the affective valence of an event influence immediate neurocognitive responses to the event. Both neutral images and negative images display...
Thumb Duplication With Atypical Flexor Tendon Insertion: Is the Tendon Transfer a Working Technique?

Background: Frequently we find atypical tendon insertions when we correct duplicated thumbs. Tendon realignment is mandatory to gain upright position. The insertion of the flexor tendon can be centralized by transposing it ulnarly. But tendon sheath cannot be centralized perfectly. Recurrence of radial tilt at the interphalangeal (IP)-joint level in growth is possible. We want to investigate whether the upright position persists and how often a recurrence can be expected. Patient and Method: We retrospectively analyzed our patients operated from 2000 to 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 3 years postoperation. They are analyzed for sex, age at operation, type of duplication, position, and active and passive range of motion of the IP-joint. Results: Over a period of 11 years, we had operated 28 children with a double thumb showing an atypical flexor tendon insertion which was corrected by tendon transposition: 24 patients came to a follow-up, 3 to 12 years postoperation (mean, 5.2 years). Mostly (n = 16) the...
Overreaction of Dow stocks

AbstractSeveral studies have found mean reversion in monthly stock returns over long horizons. However, these studies can be challenged for several reasons, including the neglect or possible misspecification of risk premia. The current paper analyzes daily Dow returns over short horizons, which obviates the most serious issues in long-horizon studies using monthly data. There is strong evidence of overreaction in that large positive and (especially) negative returns tend to be followed by persistent, substantial, and statistically persuasive reversals over the next 10 days.
The Interlacing of Secular Implications and Sacred Discourse in the French Enlightenment: Toleration and Freedom of Expression in the Works of Abbé Claude Yvon

In his long life, Abbe Claude Yvon (1714–1789) was a member of the Paris Faculty of Theology, a contributor to Diderot’s Encyclopedie, a founding officer of a Freemasonic Lodge in the Netherlands, an associate of many radical journalists‚ but also an apologist for the Gallican Church, a secretary of the libertine Marc-Rene de Voyer d’Argenson , and a royal historian to the future Charles X . Despite such a fascinating and seemingly contradictory career, Yvon’s contributions to major currents of Enlightenment thought have never been adequately studied. No critical biography of his place in the Enlightenment or Enlightenment Catholicism exists in any major European language, to my knowledge. My contribution to this volume will focus on Yvon’s views on civil toleration and freedom of expression . Some contemporaries (as well as subsequent scholars) considered Yvon to be a second-rate companion of “free-thinkers” and atheists; others (including noted historian R. R. Palmer ) have hastily dismissed him as a “hopelessly confused” apologist who rebuked the philosophes throughout much of his career. I argue to the contrary that Yvon’s views on the importance of free expression and civil toleration remained strikingly consistent throughout his life and works. Yvon’s social and intellectual engagement with young theologians and theological students at the University of Paris Faculty of Theology, his controversial contributions to Diderot’s Encyclopedie, and his brief career as an Orator for the Freemasonic society of Concordia Vincit Animos in Amsterdam all contributed to his insistence, first, that freedom of expression was as vital to theological debate and the search for divine truth as it was to the enlightenment of society as a whole, and second, that toleration of dissent and dialog with “heretics” was quintessential to the elaboration of the Catholic orthodox tradition. Moreover, Yvon’s defense of toleration and free expression, it is argued, derived from an eclectic array of sources. Yvon’s eclectic philosophy was informed by voluminous immersion in Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz; Dutch and French medical treatises; Jesuit translations of ancient Confucian texts; Epicurean and Stoic thought; and the works of the early Church fathers . As such, this chapter’s focus on Yvon’s contribution to debates concerning free expression and toleration further underscores the rich entanglement of theological, philosophical, and political discourses during the early modern period. In short, this chapter further develops a growing recognition by historians that the secular and the sacred are inextricably implicated in the origins of the Enlightenment.
ZSGL: zero shot gestural learning

Gesture recognition systems enable humans to interact with machines in an intuitive and a natural way. Humans tend to create the gestures on the fly and conventional systems lack adaptability to learn new gestures beyond the training stage. This problem can be best addressed using Zero Shot Learning (ZSL), a paradigm in machine learning that aims to recognize unseen objects by just having a description of them. ZSL for gestures has hardly been addressed in computer vision research due to the inherent ambiguity and the contextual dependency associated with the gestures. This work proposes an approach for Zero Shot Gestural Learning (ZSGL) by leveraging the semantic information that is embedded in the gestures. First, a human factors based approach has been followed to generate semantic descriptors for gestures that can generalize to the existing gesture classes. Second, we assess the performance of various existing state-of-the-art algorithms on ZSL for gestures using two standard datasets: MSRC-12 and CGD2011 dataset. The obtained results (26.35% - unseen class accuracy) parallel the benchmark accuracies of attribute-based object recognition and justifies our claim that ZSL is a desirable paradigm for gesture based systems.
The Voice of the Earth: An Exploration of Ecopsychology, 2nd Edition. Theodore Roszak. 2002. Phanes Press, Grand Rapids, MI. 377 pp. $35 hardcover, $19.95 paperback.

Our relationship with our environment has never been more in question. Current analysis on such subjects as global warming, the prevalence of pesticides in the environment, and the current conditio...
Methods for enhancing cyanobacterial stress tolerance to enable improved production of biofuels and industrially relevant chemicals

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that can fix atmospheric CO2 and can be engineered to produce industrially important compounds such as alcohols, free fatty acids, alkanes used in next-generation biofuels, and commodity chemicals such as ethylene or farnesene. They can be easily genetically manipulated, have minimal nutrient requirements, and are quite tolerant to abiotic stress making them an appealing alternative to other biofuel-producing microbes which require additional carbon sources and plants which compete with food crops for arable land. Many of the compounds produced in cyanobacteria are toxic as titers increase which can slow growth, reduce production, and decrease overall biomass. Additionally, many factors associated with outdoor culturing of cyanobacteria such as UV exposure and fluctuations in temperature can also limit the production potential of cyanobacteria. For cyanobacteria to be utilized successfully as biofactories, tolerance to these stressors must be increased and ameliorating stress responses must be enhanced. Genetic manipulation, directed evolution, and supplementation of culture media with antioxidants are all viable strategies for designing more robust cyanobacterial strains that have the potential to meet industrial production goals.
Technology for Rural Telecenters In India: A Model and Exploratory Study of Diffusion of Information For Telecenter Use and Sustainability

In this paper, we use key concepts in strategic management, such as value, and use the conceptual framework of diffusion of innovations to understand factors underlying the lack of demand for rural telecenters. We present a background of ICT use in rural areas, examining both the prospects and current situation. We then develop a framework that explains rural telecenter performance using literature from strategic management, and information systems (notably diffusion of innovation). We then present the results of a pilot study of farmers in India who used/did not use ICT telecenters. We chose India as it has a large number of the world’s poor, and is pioneering in the use of technology in rural areas and has by far the largest number of ICT telecenters. Findings indicate the research questions are mostly supported.
A study of retention characteristics by functional group analysis using supercritical fluid chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has recently been applied to the analysis of agricultural compounds. Studies investigating factors governing retention behavior of the compounds of interest will facilitate SFC method development for new compounds and metabolites. In this study, several compounds containing various functional groups were examined. Initial trends in retention were established; where appropriate, retention behavior was correlated with functional group similarities, differences and regio chemistry of compounds containing the same functional groups. Packed and capillary column SFC were used in these analyses. Results were compared to retention behavior observed under reversed-phase HPLC conditions. In general, the normal phase characteristics of SFC are very desirable in the separation of more polar compounds and metabolites of the agricultural products. Regio chemical effects and additions of methyl, phenyl, nitro, amide, carboxamide, chloro and other functional groups to common base molecules are discussed.
Effective design principles for leakless strand displacement systems

Artificially designed molecular systems with programmable behaviors have become a valuable tool in chemistry, biology, material science, and medicine. Although information processing in biological regulatory pathways is remarkably robust to error, it remains a challenge to design molecular systems that are similarly robust. With functionality determined entirely by secondary structure of DNA, strand displacement has emerged as a uniquely versatile building block for cell-free biochemical networks. Here, we experimentally investigate a design principle to reduce undesired triggering in the absence of input (leak), a side reaction that critically reduces sensitivity and disrupts the behavior of strand displacement cascades. Inspired by error correction methods exploiting redundancy in electrical engineering, we ensure a higher-energy penalty to leak via logical redundancy. Our design strategy is, in principle, capable of reducing leak to arbitrarily low levels, and we experimentally test two levels of leak reduction for a core “translator” component that converts a signal of one sequence into that of another. We show that the leak was not measurable in the high-redundancy scheme, even for concentrations that are up to 100 times larger than typical. Beyond a single translator, we constructed a fast and low-leak translator cascade of nine strand displacement steps and a logic OR gate circuit consisting of 10 translators, showing that our design principle can be used to effectively reduce leak in more complex chemical systems.
Abstract TP349: Submitted and Accepted Abstracts by Sex at the International Stroke Conference: Analysis of Trends From 2014-2018

Introduction: Males have higher numbers of publications than females across many medical specialties. Little is known about female involvement in stroke research, especially conference-related scie...
Computational methods for describing acoustic propagation in forests

Acoustic propagation through stands of trees, both large and small, can be markedly different from propagation through an open environment. Ground properties, meteorology, and significant scattering effects all play a role. An understanding of these effects, and computational methods used to describe them, can be utilized in applications ranging from noise mitigation to wildlife communication. This tutorial explores the myriad of computational methods that have been developed to describe acoustic propagation in forested environments. Beginning with the early simple empirical models describing attenuation, the presentation then narrows the field of view to contributions of individual components within a forest. Models for describing scattering by trunks and foliage, both individually and as ensembles, are presented. Next, the integration of these individual components into the fully coupled system that includes ground properties and meteorology, within computational methods such as the parabolic equation (PE) and finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) methods are shown. Finally, examples are presented showing how computational methods for forest acoustics can be used for evaluating noise mitigation strategies and wildlife studies. Acoustic propagation through stands of trees, both large and small, can be markedly different from propagation through an open environment. Ground properties, meteorology, and significant scattering effects all play a role. An understanding of these effects, and computational methods used to describe them, can be utilized in applications ranging from noise mitigation to wildlife communication. This tutorial explores the myriad of computational methods that have been developed to describe acoustic propagation in forested environments. Beginning with the early simple empirical models describing attenuation, the presentation then narrows the field of view to contributions of individual components within a forest. Models for describing scattering by trunks and foliage, both individually and as ensembles, are presented. Next, the integration of these individual components into the fully coupled system that includes ground properties and meteorology, within computational methods such as the parabolic equation (...
True Time Delay Millimeter Wave Beam Steering with Integrated Optical Beamforming Network

A 94 GHz 1 × 4 phased array antenna with true time delayed integrated optical beamforming network was demonstrated. Steering angles of −51°, ±32°, ±15°, and 0° were achieved with excellent beam quality. © 2019 The Author(s)
Design and Evaluation of Shared Memory CommunicationBenchmarks on Emerging Architectures using MVAPICH2

Recent advances in processor technologies have led to highly multi-threaded and dense multi- and many-core HPC systems. The adoption of such dense multi-core processors is widespread in the Top500 systems. Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been widely used to scale out scientific applications. The communication designs for intra-node communication in MPI are mainly based on shared memory communication. The increased core-density of modern processors warrants the use of efficient shared memory communication designs to achieve optimal performance. While there have been various algorithms and data-structures proposed for the producer-consumer like scenarios in the literature, there is a need to revisit them in the context of MPI communication on modern architectures to find the optimal solutions that work best for modern architectures. In this paper, we first propose a set of low-level benchmarks to evaluate various data-structures such as Lamport queues, Fast-Forward queues, and Fastboxes (FB) for shared memory communication. Then, we bring these designs into the MVAPICH2 MPI library and measure their impact on the MPI intra-node communication for a wide variety of communication patterns. The benchmarking results are carried out on modern multi-/many-core architectures including Intel Xeon CascadeLake and Intel Knights Landing.
Vehicle miles traveled and the built environment: New evidence from panel data

There has been considerable interest in the impact that the built environment has on vehicle miles traveled (VMT). While this issue has been extensively researched, due to the heavy reliance on cross-sectional data, there remains uncertainty regarding how effective local land-use planning and regulation might be in reducing VMT. Based on a 13-year panel of Florida counties, models are estimated that relate VMT to new measures of the spatial distribution of alternative land uses within counties and county urban expansion. Identification of causal effects is established by including year and county fixed effects, along with an extensive set of control variables, and instrumenting those land uses that may be endogenous. Incremental annual changes in the spatial concentration of alternative land uses are found to affect VMT. The policy implication is that appropriate land-use policy can reduce VMT and should be considered part of the strategy for dealing with the problem of global warming.
Can cannabidiol use cause a false-positive tetrahydrocannabinol urine drug screen?

Abstract A case of a positive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) urine dug screen in a patient with self-reported use of cannabidiol (CBD) oil is described. Availability of CBD products is increasing rapidly. CBD is a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid that shares some structural similarities with THC. Epidiolex, a drug containing CBD, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in 2018 for the treatment of rare forms of epilepsy. The THC content in legal CBD oil preparations, largely dictated by the source (marijuana vs hemp), has to be 0.3% or lower. However, the impact of chronic CBD use on THC urine drug tests is still unclear and most CBD products are not well regulated and may have incorrect label information, contaminants and may even contain THC above reported or legal levels. This case exemplifies the dilemma in definitive interpretation of positive THC urine drug testing results that is caused by claims of CBD use.
Graph Enhanced High Dimensional Kernel Regression.

In this paper, the flexibility, versatility and predictive power of kernel regression are combined with now lavishly available network data to create regression models with even greater predictive performances. Building from previous work featuring generalized linear models built in the presence of network cohesion data, we construct a kernelized extension that captures subtler nonlinearities in extremely high dimensional spaces and also produces far better predictive performances. Applications of seamless yet substantial adaptation to simulated and real-life data demonstrate the appeal and strength of our work.
Moving Recursion Out of the RDBMS for Transactional Graph Workloads

This paper presents work in progress that focuses on querying transactional graph data that is stored in a relational database system (RDBMS). We focus on transactional workloads where there are frequent insert and update operations. Although these types of workloads are common in social network, scientific, and business applications, much of the prior work has focused on graph analytics workloads where there is little to no change to the data over time. We introduce an approach that combines simple database queries with parallel programming, and compare our approach to the recursive SQL operations that are known to have poor performance. Our initial experiments and results provide guidance for the future directions of this project where we will refine the parallel programing approach and structure of the experiment in order to better compare these two approaches.
Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know.

We examine airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 potential using a source-to-dose framework beginning with generation of virus-containing droplets and aerosols and ending with virus deposition in the respiratory tract of susceptible individuals. By addressing four critical questions, we identify both gaps in addressing four critical questions with answers having policy implications.
Dancing with race: a multiple case study on the use of critical dance pedagogy in dance making

This qualitative, multiple case study examines high-school and college-student experiences in a critical pedagogy choreographic process focused on race. Whiteness studies are illuminated throughout...
The Effect of Maximum Tumor Diameter by MRI on Disease Control in Intermediate and High-risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Brachytherapy Boost.

252Background: Larger maximum tumor diameter (MTD) has been associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes for those undergoing surgery as well as salvage radiation. MTD is also an important consid...