cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward quality EDA tools and tool flows through high-performance computing

As the scale and complexity of VLSI circuits increase, electronic design automation (EDA) tools become much more sophisticated and are held to increasing standards of quality. New-generation EDA tools must work correctly on a wider range of inputs, have more internal states, take more effort to develop, and offer fertile ground for programming mistakes. Ensuring quality of a commercial tool in realistic design flows requires rigorous simulation, non-trivial computational resources, accurate reporting of results and insightful analysis. However, time-to-market pressures encourage EDA engineers and chip designers to look elsewhere. Thus, the recent availability of cheap Linux clusters and Grids shifts the bottleneck from hardware to logistical tasks, i.e., the speedy collection, reporting and analysis of empirical results. To be practically feasible, such tasks must be automated; they leverage high-performance computing to improve EDA tools. In this work we outline a possible infrastructure solution, called bX, explore relevant use models and describe our computational experience. In a specific application, we use bX to automatically build Pareto curves required for accurate performance analysis of randomized algorithms.
The Body in Culture and Text

Frances E. Mascia-Lees and Patricia Sharpe. eds. Tattoo, Torture, Mutilation, and Adornment: The Demoralization of the Body in Culture and Text. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992. 172 pp.
The 1995 Grahamstown Festival

(1996). The 1995 Grahamstown Festival. South African Theatre Journal: Vol. 10, African Drama, pp. 94-100.
Workability and productivity of robotic plug transplanting workcell

Transplanting is a necessary operation in transplant production systems. Transplanting operation is labor-intensive and automation can reduce labor costs. Plugs are actively growing young transplants with two well-defined morphologic parts: the stem-leaf portion and the root-growth medium portion. They may be grown in regularly situated cells on traylike containers. This regularity makes plugs suitable for automated transplanting operations. It is, therefore, beneficial for in vitro plant propagation systems to include plugs as intermediate products before they are delivered to the greenhouses. Flexible automation and robotics technologies have been applied to develop a robotic workcell for transplanting plugs from plug trays to growing flats. Main components of the workcell include a robot, an end-effector, and two conveyer belts for transporting trays and flats. The end-effector for extracting, holding, and planting plugs is a “sliding-needles-with-sensor” gripper. The sensor signals the robot to complete a transplanting cycle only when a plug is properly held by the gripper. Systems analysis and computer simulation were conducted to study factors affecting workability and productivity of various workcell designs. These factors included: dimensions and kinematics of the robot and its peripheral equipment, layout and materials flow, fullness of plug trays, and successful extraction rate of plugs. The analysis also indicated that machine vision systems could add valuable capabilities to the workcell, such as robot guidance and plug quality evaluation. Engineering economic analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of workcell technical feasibility and economic viability.
Factors affecting the cation transport of calf lens.

Abstract It has been demonstrated that, upon incubation at 37° following a period of refrigeration, calf lens is capable of active extrusion of sodium and concentration of potassium. The net movement of cations occures against concentration gradients and is inhibited markedly by low levels of ouabain. In the presence of glucose, active transport occurs equally as well anaerobically as it does aerobically. This and other evidence presented indicate that lens is capable of maintaining its vital processes by energy supplied from the anaerobic pathway of metabolism. It was shown that aerobic metabolism also exists in this ocular tissue, but apparently plays a less prominent role. There seems to be a correlation between the high energy phosphate level and the effectivess of cation transport and amino acid incorporation.
A brief note on the resemblance between relatives in the presence of population stratification

Population stratification occurs when a study population is comprised of several sub-populations, and can result in increased false positive findings in genomewide-association studies. Recently published work shows that sub-population-specific positive assortative mating at the genotypic level results in population stratification. We show that if the allele frequency of a single nucleotide polymorphism responsible for a trait varies between sub-populations and there is no dominance variance, then the heritability of the trait increases, primarily due to an increase in the additive genetic variance of the trait.
Spectroscopic and Scanning Probe Studies of a Nondestructive Purification Method for SWNT Suspensions

A mild method for the bulk enrichment of high-aspect-ratio single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), while avoiding the damaging effects of acid purification methods, has been developed in this group. Various analytical techniques (atomic force microscopy, Raman microscopy, near IR, and UV−vis spectroscopy) have been used in order to attain a better understanding of the correlation between low-G centrifugation cycles and the quality of the SWNT suspension. Atomic force microscopy data of low-density SWNT networks formed from these suspensions indicate that the size and occurrence of globular impurities is lessened, while small bundles of high-aspect-ratio SWNTs remain. Raman spectroscopy is used to verify that this method produces suspensions of purified SWNTs without significantly damaging them. Near-infrared and UV−vis spectroscopy of these suspensions show prominent semiconducting and metallic interband transitions in the SWNTs and removal of impurities.
Gaussian Mixture Models Use-Case: In-Memory Analysis with Myria

In our work with scientists, we find that Gaussian Mixture Modeling is a common type of analysis applied to increasingly large datasets. We implement this algorithm in the Myria shared-nothing relational data management system, which performs the computation in memory. We study resulting memory utilization challenges and implement several optimizations that yield an efficient and scalable solution. Empirical evaluations on large astronomy and oceanography datasets confirm that our Myria approach scales well and performs up to an order of magnitude faster than Hadoop.
Isonema papillatum sp. n., a New Colorless Marine Flagellate: A Light‐ and Electronmicroscopic Study

SYNOPSIS. Isonema papillatum sp. n. is described from observations with the light and electron microscope. It has 2 short emergent subapical flagella without appendages, a specialized ingestion apparatus, and a nonrigid naked cell body capable of pronounced changes in shape similar to euglenoid movements. It lacks a stigma and flagellar swelling and does not form paramylon granules. The nucleolus persists throughout nuclear division.
Mechanisms of interference of nonesterified fatty acids in radioimmunoassays of steroids.

Abstract Addition of nonesterified fatty acids caused an apparent increase in unbound steroid present in supematants in radioimmunoassays for steroids utilizing dextran-coated charcoal. Nonesterified fatty acid interference occurred at the initial binding interaction between steroid and its antiserum, and also at the step separating bound from unbound steroid. It was determined that nonesterified fatty acids, which had been added to radioimmunoassays, formed micelles and trapped steroids. The extent of the entrapment was inversely related to the number of polar groups in the steroid molecule, that is, hydrophobic steroids more easily interacted with the non-esterified fatty acid micelles. However, if the charcoal concentration were increased, the nonesterified fatty acid effect was eliminated for assays of polar steroids and greatly reduced for non-polar steroid assays.
Hybrid Nanoreactors: Coupling Enzymes and Small‐Molecule Catalysts within Virus‐Like Particles

Virus-like particles (VLPs) provide unique scaffolds for the construction of coupled catalytic systems by attachment and encapsulation of catalysts within their hollow interiors. The interior of VLPs provides an environment where catalysts of biological or synthetic origins can be confined, protected, and colocalized in close proximity with catalysts of different types. Herein, we utilize the P22VLP as a scaffold to construct a synthetic hybrid catalyst by attachment of a small organometallic catalyst to the interior colocalized with an encapsulated enzyme. This produces a complex and active coupled biomimetic catalyst system. By combining both enzymatic and synthetic catalysts together, new biologicalsynthetic hybrid materials can be produced that incorporate the best of both catalytic systems.
Detection of Noble Gas Radionuclides from an Underground Nuclear Explosion During a CTBT On-Site Inspection

The development of a technically sound approach to detecting the subsurface release of noble gas radionuclides is a critical component of the on-site inspection (OSI) protocol under the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. In this context, we are investigating a variety of technical challenges that have a significant bearing on policy development and technical guidance regarding the detection of noble gases and the creation of a technically justifiable OSI concept of operation. The work focuses on optimizing the ability to capture radioactive noble gases subject to the constraints of possible OSI scenarios. This focus results from recognizing the difficulty of detecting gas releases in geologic environments—a lesson we learned previously from the non-proliferation experiment (NPE). Most of our evaluations of a sampling or transport issue necessarily involve computer simulations. This is partly due to the lack of OSI-relevant field data, such as that provided by the NPE, and partly a result of the ability of computer-based models to test a range of geologic and atmospheric scenarios far beyond what could ever be studied by field experiments, making this approach very highly cost effective. We review some highlights of the transport and sampling issues we have investigated and complete the discussion of these issues with a description of a preliminary design for subsurface sampling that addresses some of the sampling challenges discussed here.
A cluster model study of multiple H adsorption on Be(0001)

Abstract The different results obtained from slab and cluster calculations are compared. In the clusters we model various H coverages on the Be(0001) surface using a single-layer Be 14 cluster interacting with different numbers of H atoms. With a single H atom the on-top structure is the most stable. Two H atoms are computed to preferentially adsorb at an open site above 3 Be atoms. Caution always needs to be exercised when comparing slab and cluster calculations owing to the different adsorbate coverages being modelled. However, by increasing the number of H atoms in the cluster to simulate a monolayer of H atoms on the Be(0001) surface we obtain results similar to slab calculations with the open and bridging structures close in energy and the on-top structure being least stable. These calculations with H monolayer coverage are noteworthy because they also enable the definition of a desorption energy E des corresponding to the energy of removal for a single H atom from the monolayer. E des differs in value from the average H binding energy D e often used to evaluate the stability of different adsorbate structures on a surface. By using E des , an explanation for the experimentally observed bridging structure for H on the Be(0001) surface is suggested. A similar computation of E des is not possible in a slab calculation owing to limitations on the allowed unit cell size.
Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The antibody detected in the ALS sera with suppressive activity for terminal sprouting is likely directed against an antigen that is normally sequestered. Tolerance to the 56 kd antigen described here is not exhibited in rats, as syngenic immunizations induce an immune response (M. E. Gurney, unpublished observation). Freshly denervated muscle secretes very low amounts of the 56 kd antigen, and the level of secretion rises 2–3 days after denervation in vivo. Of the few antecedent events associated with ALS by case studies, mechanical injuries, participation in physical activities, or bone fractures might all produce nerve damage or periods of limb immobilization [48]. Similar physical insults are stimuli for sprouting in animal models [13, 39], and might result in elevated secretion of sprouting factor, resulting in induction of an immune response in susceptible individuals.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the condensation coefficient of water

Abstract Experiments have found the condensation coefficient for water condensing onto pure water to be between 1 and 0.01. This wide variation persists even in the more recent experiments in which values of about 1, 0.77 ± 0.06, and 0.2 ± 0.1 have been reported. However, current molecular dynamics simulations of water consistently result in a condensation coefficient of about 1. These water models may overestimate the condensation coefficient by assigning condensed phase parameters to the bulk, surface, and gas phase water molecules in the simulations. We varied the dipole moment and the Lennard-Jones parameters for a gas phase water molecule in a condensation simulation using the SPC/E model. With modest changes to the dipole moment and the Lennard-Jones parameters, we have obtained a value of 0.77. However, we have concluded that to obtain a simulation condensation coefficient of 0.2, unrealistic parameters must be assigned to the water molecules.
Thermochemical splitting of water and carbon dioxide with cerium compounds

Abstract Cerium(IV) oxide reacts with solid or molten Na 4 P 2 O 7 at 750–950 °C to form sodium cerium(III) phosphate, Na 3 Ce(PO 4 ) 2(s) , Na 3 PO 4(s) , and O 2(g) . The mixture of Na 3 Ce(PO 4 ) 2(s) with Na 3 PO 4(s) reacts at similar temperatures with Na 2 CO 3(l) and steam to produce CeO 2(s) , NaPO 4(s) , CO 2(g) , and H 2(s) . In the absence of steam, carbon monoxide forms instead of H 2(g) . Treatment of aqueous Na 3 PO 4 with CO 2(aq) at 0–50 °C yields solutions of Na 2 HPO 4 and NaHCO 3 , which are separated by crystallization. These salts condense at ⪡200 °C to form Na 4 P 2 O 7(s) and Na 2 CO 3(s) , respectively, thus completing the thermochemical cycle. The cycle splits either H 2 O or CO 2 , depending upon whether steam is used in the reaction of Na 2 CO 3 with Na 3 Ce(PO 4 ) 2 .
Unitary sum rules for amplitudes involving space-like reggeons and singularities in pairs of complex helicity variables☆

Abstract Unitary sum rules for amplitudes involving two space-like reggeons are derived. These sum rules are thenshown to be equivalent to the physical unitary equations of reggeon amplitudes. To define these amplitudes properly, we study in detail the “triple” O(2,1) partial-wave expansion of a six- and an eight-particle amplitude. Forty-eight pairs of helicity singularities are found, of which twelve pairs are allowed to contribute simultaneously in the physical limit of interest. The pair, at μ 2 = α 2 , μ 3 = α 3 , is shown to be the “leading” contributing pair for various physical reasons. Reggeon/particle scattering amplitudes involving two spacelike reggeons are defined as the residue of multiparticle amplitudes at this leading pair. Possible applications of unitary sum rules are discussed. In particular, we point out their relevance for the understanding of the Deck phenomenon.
Surface dose for tangentially incident photon beams in the presence of air gap and air cavity

Dose to a surface parallel to an incident photon beam has been investigated in the presence of air gaps and air cavities. Measurements have been made in an acrylic phantom with a parallel plate chamber. Photon beams of Co 60, 4-MV, 6-MV, and 15-MV X-rays have been investigated. The results of our measurements show that in the case of air gaps, the dose reduction to a tangential surface is considerable. On the other hand, the dose reduction is 2% or less in the case of air cavity for volumes encountered in clinical situations.
A simple hourly clear-sky solar radiation model based on meteorological parameters

Abstract An hourly solar radiation model, based on observed meteorological data, was developed and tested. As a means of comparison, the Watt and Bird models and the Solmet regression models were also tested. Several conclusions were drawn about the parameterization of solar radiation-depleting parameters. It was determined that a reasonable estimate of lower layer aerosol extinction can be determined using humidity, visibility, and mixing height. The parameterization of water vapor absorption obtained by atmospheric rather than laboratory observations was found to give better model results.
The strengthening of verbal approval in retardates by discrimination training.

Abstract Five institutionalized retarded children, who had demonstrated a stable preference for material reinforcement as compared with verbal reinforcement, were subjected to a five-stage pretest-post-test procedure. After the strengths of the two types of reinforcement had been measured for each S, the verbal reinforcers served as discriminative stimuli for material reinforcement on a new response and on a decreasing-percentage schedule. The strengths of the two types of reinforcement were then remeasured twice, once immediately after the discrimination procedures and again after several weeks away from the laboratory situation. The data indicated that the verbal reinforcers' strength was reliably increased by the training procedures. However, the increase was not exceptionally large or long-lasting.
Embryonic and adult forms of two galactosyltransferases differ in their degrees of sialylation

Embryonic and adult chicken liver galactosyltransferases behave differently on DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. After solubilization, two embryonic activities (one transfers galactose in a β1–4 linkage to asialo-aglactoα1-acid glycoprotein and to N-acetylglucosamine; the other transfers galactose in a β1–3 linkage to asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin) elute after the bulk of the protein, and after free glucose. The same two enzymes in adults elute more rapidly, almost coincident with the bulk of the protein, and before free glucose. The difference in elution patterns occurs when the column buffer contains 0.1 M NaCl. Without salt, both embryonic and adult transferases bind to the column, but with 0.5 M NaCl, the embryonic and adult transferases elute identically, and with the bulk of the protein. After treatment with neuraminidase, the embryonic transferase activities elute significantly earlier on a DEAE-Sepharose column in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl. The embryonic forms migrate more rapidly than do the adult forms on cellulose acetalte electrophoresis, but neuraminidase treatment renders both enzyme forms immobile in this system. Neuraminidase treatment also inhibits the binding of the embryonic transferases to a wheat-germ-agglutinin–Sepharose column. Kinetically, the embryonic and adult transferases are indistinguishable.
Spray stagnation flames

Spray combustion in laminar stagnation flows is discussed. This review covers spray structures in counterflowing streams, spray counterflowing diffusion flames, spray two-stage flames in counterflowing configurations and spray combustion in jets impinging on surfaces. Its focus concerns droplet and spray characteristics and details of the flame structures. It is demonstrated that there are two qualitatively different types of spray structures. In one type of structure, some larger droplets are able to cross the stagnation plane and pass through the flames to execute underdamped oscillation in the counterflowing streams or to collide with the target wall in an impinging stream. This type of behavior occurs if the strain rate of the flow field is high and droplets in the spray are large. In the other type of spray structure, all droplets vanish at a vaporization plane before the stagnation plane and fuel vapor burns in a reaction zone in the flame. This second type of behavior occurs if the strain rate is relatively low and droplets are relatively small. The review then illustrates how the investigations on the former provide information concerning relative motion between two phases as well as droplet collision dynamics with target walls and how the studies on the latter play roles in understanding flame structure and flame chemistry of liquid fuels.
Electron-transport enzymes of calf thyroid

Abstract Electron transport enzymes, RNA, DNA, and iodinating activity have been assayed in subcellular fractions derived from calf tissue. About 0.1 μequiv DPNH is oxidized per min by mitochondria prepared from 1 g thyroid in 0.25 M sucrose and assayed at 25°. Cytochrome c reductase system and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activities, confined largely to the “mitochondrial” fractions, are more than 10 times greater. DPNH oxidase system is antimycin A-sensitive; cytochrome c reductase system is antimycin A-insensitive. Reduced pyridine nucleotide-dichlorophenol-indophenol reductase (“DT diaphorase”), TPN+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) are present in the soluble portion in cell and have activities comparable to cytochrome c reductase system and cytochrome oxidase. There is ample basis for formation of large amounts of TPNH within the cell, and its rate of oxidation appears to be low. RNA was distributed throughout all cell fractions without marked concentration in “microsomes”, and almost 70% was in the cell supernatant. Iodinating activity was most intense in fractions that may be classified as heavy microsomes, and its distribution did not coincide with the distribution of cytochrome c reductase system or cytochrome oxidase. Electron-transport enzymes, iodinating activity, and nucleic acid content varied in parallel following physiologic alterations in rat-thyroid function.
Manganese potentiation of autologous anti-meth a tumor vaccines. A developmental study.

This study was set up to develop methods for increasing the potency of vaccines against pre-existing transplanted subcutaneous Meth A tumors in Balb/c mice. The vaccines were prepared from particles and surface membrane ghosts from Meth A cells, a transplantable lymphosarcoma originally induced in a Balb/c mouse with methylcholanthrene. It was not possible to increase vaccine potency by conventional methods, but a major increase was achieved by adding manganese and phosphate. Vaccines prepared with these substances stimulated significant numbers of mice to completely reject target tumors transplanted 3 days before immunization. Possible mechanisms for this manganese effect on vaccine potency are discussed in this paper.
Trapping-Mediated and Multilayer-Induced Dissociative Chemisorption of Cyclobutane on Ru(001)

The dissociative chemisorption of cyclobutane on the Ru(001) surface has been studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Two distinct methodologies have been used to study this reaction. First, we investigated the trapping-mediated reaction by exposing the surface to cyclobutane at 180 K. Second, although an adsorbed monolayer of cyclobutane undergoes nearly complete desorption during subsequent heating, we find that the presence of the condensed multilayer induces significant reaction. Using HREELS we find that both reaction channels yield a common intermediate which we identify to be a C4H8 metallacycle. At moderate and high surface coverages, a small amount of butene from the isomerization of the metallacycle desorbs between 185 and 225 K. Following the desorption of butene, we observe a hydrocarbon fragment on the surface which is tentatively identified to be a C4H4 metallacycle.
Two-dimensional model calculations of stratospheric HCl and ClO

Most previous attempts to estimate the effects of atmospheric contaminants on stratospheric ozone have involved one-dimensional models of the troposphere and stratosphere. Estimates of the distribution of HCl and ClO with height have, however, failed to match the measured concentration profiles1. Hence, there has been much interest in the development of two-dimensional atmospheric models which, by including variations with latitude and seasonal effects, might remove these discrepancies. We have developed such a two-dimensional model which incorporates the refinements of the most advanced one-dimensional models; we now report that, contrary to expectation, the calculated profiles of HCl and ClO are insignificantly different from those of comparable one-dimensional models.
Technical standards and performance standards in the pursuit of quality

The concept of standards lacks clarity because it is applied both to concrete specifications and to the assessment of quality. Confusion is reduced by introducing the notion of interchange expectancy. distinguishing transfer, coupling, and market success as components. Transfer expectancy depends upon the products to be transported or exchanged, but when there is a need to estimate transfer expectancy, a combination of technical standards and performance standards must be applied. Though performance standards are intended to produce quality, the quality of the instrumentation to measure performance standards is often neglected. The development of high-quality performance standards first requires the delineation of the relevant dimensions of performance quality. The process of giving precision to performance standards may lead to the emergence of more acceptable technical standards. To illustrate some of these points, data is presented from the CONDUIT system for quality evaluation of computer-based curriculum materials. The performance quality of these products includes the dimension of transfer expectancy, as well as educational and scientific merit. Increased specification and impact of technical standards may provide greater incentives to authors and hence lead to the invention of products which have higher educational and scientific quality.
Development of a high-efficiency method for gene marking of Dunning prostate cancer cell lines with the enzyme β-galactosidase

Although the bacterial enzyme beta-galactosidase has been used as a reporter gene in a variety of mammalian systems; the variability and instability of its expression has limited its use. Transfection of Dunning rat prostatic cell lines with beta-galactosidase expression plasmids resulted in 5-10% of cells expressing the enzyme transiently, and < 5% of G418-resistant clones showing any level of expression. To address this problem, we developed a labeling protocol using a replication defective retrovirus containing a beta-galactosidase expression cassette. Between 30-50% of cells transduced expressed high levels of this enzyme. Homogeneous cell populations were isolated by subsequent fluorescence-activated cell sorting, using a fluorescent beta-galactosidase substrate. Using a modification of standard staining procedures, small metastatic foci of cells expressing beta-galactosidase in mouse lung tissue were detected with high sensitivity. This method has several advantages over standard transfection protocols, including the expedient and efficient transfer of the beta-galactosidase gene and the stability of its expression in a variety of Dunning sublines.
Comparison of Recombinant Human PTH(1–34) (LY333334) with a C-Terminally Substituted Analog of Human PTH-Related Protein(1–34) (RS-66271): In Vitro Activity and In Vivo Pharmacological Effects in Rats

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) are believed to exert their biological actions through binding and activation of a common cell surface receptor. Recently, an analog of PTHrP (RS-66271), was described that demonstrated reduced binding affinity for the PTH/PTHrP receptor compared with bovine PTH(1-34) but retained equal biological activity. The present study investigated the receptor binding affinities of synthetic RS-66271 and recombinant human PTH(1-34) (LY333334) and compared their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects. RS-66271 had one hundredth the activity of PTH(1-34) in competing for the binding of [125I] [Nle8,18, Tyr34]human PTH(1-34) to the human PTH/PTHrP receptor stably expressed in a human kidney cell line. Despite this reduced binding affinity, RS-66271 had equivalent activity in increasing both cAMP production in osteoblast-like cells and bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvariae. However, RS-66271 was 7. 6-fold less active in stimulating inositol phosphate production. For in vivo studies, young, male Fisher rats received a daily subcutaneous dose of either 10 or 40 microg/kg of peptide for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Volumetric bone mineral density and total bone mineral content of the proximal tibia were determined by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography. Trabecular and cortical bone of the distal femur were analyzed for calcium and dry weight. Lumbar vertebrae (L4-L6) were analyzed by histomorphometry. Trabecular and cortical bone mass showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the treated animals compared with the controls. These increases were evident as early as 1 week after initiation of dosing. There were no consistent significant differences in the comparative effects of PTH(1-34) and RS-66271 on the measured bone parameters. In conclusion, despite the reduced binding affinity of RS-66271 for the PTH/PTHrP receptor compared with human PTH(1-34), both peptides displayed similar in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects.
Control orientation, self-monitoring, and preference for image versus quality approach to advertising

Abstract The present study examined the relations among control orientation, self-monitoring, and reactions to image-based vs quality-based advertisements. Control orientation, as measured by the general causality orientations scale ( E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (1985) Journal of Research in Personality19, 109–134), refers to the tendency to organize behavior according to environmental controls and, consequently, to pursue extrinsic rather than intrinsic rewards. Self-monitoring ( M. Snyder (1974) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology30, 526–537) refers to the tendency to tailor behavior to fit situational considerations. Image-based as opposed to quality-based advertisements emphasize the extrinsic rewards associated with the use of a product. It was found that people high in control orientation were also high in self-monitoring and preferred image- to quality-oriented advertisements. Since image preference has been previously related to high self-monitoring, we proposed that other correlates of self-monitoring might also be related to control orientation. Several candidates were offered for future research.
The Effect of Bolus Consistency on Dysphagia in Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis

Abstract Objective To examine the risk of aspiration for liquid versus paste bolus consistencies in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP). Methods The swallowing function of adult patients with UVCP was prospectively studied videofluorographically to examine the incidence of laryngeal penetration and aspiration for both liquid and paste boluses. The degree of penetration or aspiration was quantified using the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS). The presence and location of pharyngeal bolus residue were also documented for each consistency. Results were compared between liquid and paste bolus consistencies. Results Fifty-five patients with UVCP were studied with a mean age of 60.2 years. Intrathoracic surgery or malignancy accounted for 38 (69.1%) of cases. The mean PAS scores for liquid and paste bolus consistency were 3.1 vs. 1.5, respectively (P Conclusions A significant percentage of patients with UVCP will aspirate thin liquids. Paste bolus consistencies are safer for patients with UVCP as they are much less likely to lead to penetration or aspiration despite a higher prevalence of pharyngeal residue.
Renin Cells Are Precursors for Multiple Cell Types that Switch to the Renin Phenotype When Homeostasis Is Threatened

Abstract Renin-synthesizing cells are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. Adult mammals subjected to manipulations that threaten homeostasis increase circulating renin by increasing the number of renin-expressing/-releasing cells. We hypothesize that the ability of adult cells to synthesize renin does not occur randomly in any cell type, depending instead on the cell's lineage. To determine the fate of renin-expressing cells, we generated knockin mice expressing cre recombinase in renin-expressing cells and crossed them with reporter mice. Results show that renin-expressing cells are precursors for a variety of cells that differentiate into non-renin-expressing cells such as smooth-muscle, epithelial, mesangial, and extrarenal cells. In the kidney, these cells retain the capability to synthesize renin when additional hormone is required to reestablish homeostasis: specific subpopulations of apparently differentiated cells are "held in reserve" to respond (repeatedly) by de-differentiating and expressing renin in response to stress, and re-differentiating when the crisis passes.
On Sharing NATO Defence Burdens in the 1990s and Beyond

This article investigates NATO burden sharing in the 1990s in light of strategic, technological, political and membership changes. Both an ability-to-pay and a benefits-received analysis of burden sharing are conducted. During 1990–99, there is no evidence of disproportionate burden sharing, where the large allies shoulder the burdens of the small. Nevertheless, the theoretical model predicts that this disproportionality will plague NATO in the near future. Thus far, there is still a significant concordance between benefits received and defence burdens carried. When alternative expansion scenarios are studied, the extent of disproportionality of burden sharing increases as NATO grows in size. A broader security burden-sharing measure is devised and tested; based on this broader measure, there is still no disproportionality evident in the recent past.
Abnormal Hematologic Findings in Triploidy

Prematuree nee par cesarienne a 32 semaines de gestation avec un poids de naissance de 1800 g. Macrocephalie, dysmorphie faciale, clinodactylie, syndactylie. Le caryotype est 69, XXX. L'examen du sang pratique au 1er jour de la vie revele une hypersegmentation des leucocytes neutrophiles. Deces de l'enfant au 27eme jour de vie
Nonlinear Mapping: An Alternative to Multidimensional Scaling for Product Positioning

This study tests and contrasts the ability of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and nonlinear mapping (NLM) in recovering complex data structures in attribute space, and aiding researchers and practitioners in making neighborhood interpretations. The relative merits of both MDS and NLM for product positioning are explored and discussed. A formal comparison of the performance of NLM versus MDS is presented using both simulated and actual data. The results of this study provide direction as to the conditions under which a nonlinear mapping algorithm is preferable over MDS.
Evolved gender differences in mate preferences: Evidence from personal advertisements

Abstract Evolutionary theorists have posited that contemporary men and women may differ in their specific psychological mechanisms having to do with mate selection because different strategies would have benefitted men versus women in our distant ancestral past. From these theorized gender differences in mating strategies, several hypotheses were generated and subsequently tested in the current study using a large sample of personal advertisements ( N = 1111). The results were generally supportive of evolutionary predictions: men were more likely than women to offer financial resources and honesty/ sincerity, and to seek attractiveness, appealing body shape, and a photograph in selecting a potential mate; women were more likely than men to offer an appealing body shape and to seek financial resources, qualities likely to lead to resource acquisition, and honesty/sincerity in potential mates. Women were also more likely than men to seek male friendship and/or companionship and to offer greater involvement only after the establishment of such friendship, whereas men more frequently than women made explicit requests for a sexual relationship. In general, men sought potential mates who were younger than themselves, a trend which became more pronounced among older advertisers. Women generally sought mates who were older than themselves, a trend which decreased slightly with the age of the advertiser. Results are discussed with regard to implications for hypothesized gender differences in evolved psychological mechanisms.
EFFECT OF ACIDIFICATION OF CANINE DUODENUM ON GASTRIC SECRETORY RESPONSE TO FOOD BEFORE AND AFTER PANCREATECTOMY.

ConclusionThe inhibition of the gastric secretory response of canine Heidenhain pouches to meat that follows acidification of the duodenum persists after removal of the pancreas.
On the Isothermality of Solar Plasmas

Recent measurements have shown that the quiet unstructured solar corona observed at the solar limb is close to isothermal, at a temperature that does not appear to change over wide areas or with time. Some in dividual active loop structures have also been found to be nearly iso thermal both along their axis and across their cross-section. Even a complex active region observed at the solar limb has been found to be composed of three distinct isothermal plasmas. If confirmed, these r esults would pose formidable challenges to the current theoretical understanding of the thermal structure and heating of the solar corona. For example, no current theoretical model can explain the excess dens ities and lifetimes of many observed loops if the loops are in fact i sothermal. All of these measurements are based on the so-called emiss ion measure (EM) diagnostic technique that is applied to a set of opt ically thin lines under the assumption of isothermal plasma. It provi des simultaneous measurement of both the temperature and EM. However, no study has ever been carried out to quantify the uncertainties in the technique and to rigorously assess its ability to discriminate bet ween isothermal and multithermal plasmas. Such a study is the topic o f the present work. We define a formal measure of the uncertainty in the EM diagnostic technique that can easily be applied to real data. We here apply it to synthetic data based on a variety of assumed plas ma thermal distributions, and develop a method to quantitatively asse ss the degree of multithermality of a plasma.
Light at the End of the Channel

For 20 years, Kornberg and his group have doggedly tried to solve the riddle of the structure of Pol II, the eukaryotic multisubunit RNA polymerase that is a colossus among enzymes. As [Joan and Ronald Conaway][1] discuss in their Perspective, Kornberg's group have now achieved this goal, revealing to the world the 3.5 A resolution x-ray crystal structure of yeast Pol II ([ Cramer et al .][2]) [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5466/632 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/288/5466/640
Dechlorane plus and other flame retardants in a sediment core from Lake Ontario.

Our previous research on atmospheric samples suggested that Lake Ontario might receive significant amounts of Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, from the atmosphere and from inputs from DP's manufacturing facility in Niagara Falls, New York. To confirm this suspicion, a sediment core from the central basin of Lake Ontario was analyzed for the two isomers of DP, for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and for 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBE). The results showed that the concentration of DP in sediment increased rapidly starting in the mid-1970s and reached its peak concentration (310 ng g-1 dry weight) in the mid-1990s. The peak flux and total inventory of DP were estimated to be 9.3 ng cm-2 yr-1 and 120 ng cm-2, respectively. These values suggest that the total burden of DP in Lake Ontario is ∼20 tons and that the maximum load rate was ∼2 tons per year. The highest concentrations of PBDEs and TBE were found in the surficial sediment, with average concentrations of 2....
The human rights priorities of the UN: a rejoinder to Alston

Philip Alston's attempt to show that the United Nations' human rights program is nowhere near as unbalanced as I claimed in my 1981 article seems to me largely unsuccessful. Let me begin, however, by agreeing with him on one point: it is an exaggeration to claim, as I did, that economic and social rights have become the total "sum and substance" of the UN's human rights work. Alston argues this is a gross distortion. I want to suggest that it is a relatively minor overstatement that captures the thrust of the doctrinal development of the seventies. Alston is correct that the United Nations has an extensive human rights program but he fails to show that my interpretation of its central emphases is incorrect. The major issue of dispute between us is the significance and interpretation of resolution 32/130. Its importance, which Alston tries to minimize, is attested to by the fact that it not only arose under the most general human rights topic on the agenda, "Alternative approaches and ways and means within the United Nations system for the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms," but also is by far the most comprehensive resolution yet passed under that item. Furthermore, it presented itself as providing guiding principles for future work: "Decides that the approach to the future work within the United Nations system should take into account... ." Since there has been no parallel statement of additional principles (as Alston's silence on this matter implicitly admits), this decision to "take into account" the principles of 32/130 has become in effect a decision to make them the guiding priorities. As for the substance of the resolution, Alston does not offer an alternative account but restricts himself to criticizing my interpretation. Rather than restate my analysis, which was developed in detail in my original article, let me simply respond to the charges of misinterpretation. Alston, apparently believing that the resolution speaks for itself, castigates me for looking to the debates to help clarify the resolution and charges that
Urosepsis in the elderly.

Mr. P. is an 85-year-old, White male with a medical history of anxiety, asthma, bilateral osteoarthritis of the knees, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He was frequently given courses of oral corticosteroids to control his asthma and severe knee pain. Mr. P. lived alone and often had difficulty kee
Transforming growth factor-beta expression in fibropapillomas induced by bovine papillomavirus type 1, in normal bovine skin, and in BPV-1-transformed cells.

AbstractThere is substantial evidence to suggest that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an important role in wound healing and tissue repair as well as in carcinogenesis. It has also been observed that naturally occurring bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-l)-induced bovine fibropapillomas occur predominantly at traumatized sites of the body, suggesting that humoral factors released in wounds might be important for papillomavirus infection. We have therefore investigated the possible role of TGF-β1 in BPV-1 infections. Two anti-peptide antibodies which recognize different epitopes in the N-terminus of TGF-β1 were used to localize TGF-β1 in bovine fibropapillomas and normal bovine skin using im-munohistochemical methods. Staining by anti-LC(l-30) is intracellular in suprabasal keratinocytes of the epidermis as well as the hair follicles and sebaceous glands and correlates with known sites of TGF-β1 mRNA synthesis. Anti-CC(l-30) staining is extracellular in the immediately underlying dermis. Neither...
Inhibition of surfactant production by insulin in fetal rabbit lung slices.

Summary: Incorporation of labeled glucose and fatty acid residues into saturated phosphatidylcholine was significantly reduced in lung slices from 27.5 days of gestation fetal rabbits during 90 min incubation in the presence of 100 μU/ml insulin. When 14C-glucose was used as substrate, incorporation into both phosphatidylcholine and saturated phosphatidylcholine was reduced by insulin. This occurred despite an increase in overall glucose utilization by the lung from 11.3 ± 3.9 to 16.3 ± 5.2 nmole/g tissue in the presence of insulin (P < 0.05). A decrease in incorporation of fatty acid residues into saturated phosphatidylcholine was also observed when 14C-paImitate was used as substrate, from 102 ± 4 to 90 ± 5 nmole palmitate/g tissue (P < 0.01). In the presence of insulin, there were significant reductions of both substrates appearing in lysophosphatidylcholine, a precursor of saturated phosphatidylcholine. There was no significant change in incorporation of glucose residues into glycogen or lactate under these conditions. Speculation: Hyperinsulinemia appears to be responsible for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) and infants of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDM). Control of the maternal diabetic state to a degree which inhibits development of fetal hyperinsulinism reduces the incidence of RDS in IDM and IGDM by removing excess quantities of the factor, insulin, that is responsible for inhibition of surfactant production.
Parallel diffusion-limited aggregation.

We present methods for simulating very large diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) clusters using parallel processing (PDLA). With our techniques, we have been able to simulate clusters of up to 130 million particles. The time required for generating a 100 million particle PDLA is approximately 13 h. The fractal behavior of these "parallel" clusters changes from a multi particle aggregation dynamics to the usual DLA dynamics. The transition is described by simple scaling assumptions that define a characteristic cluster size separating the two dynamical regimes. We also use DLA clusters as seeds for parallel processing. In this case, the transient regime disappears and the dynamics converges from the early stage to that of DLA.
Simultaneous electron capture and excitation in S+Ar collisions

Electron capture accompanied by simultaneous K-shell excitation has been observed for 70-MeV S/sup 13 +/+Ar collisions. This process is analogous to dielectronic recombination for the case of free electrons incident on highly charged ions. In addition, radiation following capture into high-n states without accompanying excitation is measured for charge states q = 14+ to 16+. The results are used to determine the fraction of capture events which result in K-shell radiation, and the fraction of K x rays resulting from capture events.