cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Logical provenance in data-oriented workflows?

We consider the problem of defining, generating, and tracing provenance in data-oriented workflows, in which input data sets are processed by a graph of transformations to produce output results. We first give a new general definition of provenance for general transformations, introducing the notions of correctness, precision, and minimality. We then determine when properties such as correctness and minimality carry over from the individual transformations' provenance to the workflow provenance. We describe a simple logical-provenance specification language consisting of attribute mappings and filters. We provide an algorithm for provenance tracing in workflows where logical provenance for each transformation is specified using our language. We consider logical provenance in the relational setting, observing that for a class of Select-Project-Join (SPJ) transformations, logical provenance specifications encode minimal provenance. We have built a prototype system supporting the features and algorithms presented in the paper, and we report a few preliminary experimental results.
Stimulus size for perimetry in patients with glaucoma.

Clinical perimetry today uses a stimulus that arose from historic accident. Wall and colleagues1 show that other stimulus choices are at least as valid. Automated static perimetry typically uses the Goldmann size III stimulus, a circular luminance increment whose diameter is 0.43° of visual angle. This choice of stimulus size was not a scientific standard, but was a choice made by the engineers of the first commercial device. Kinetic perimetry had varied both stimulus contrast and stimulus size, but those engineers chose to use a fixed size and a wider range of contrasts. Later companies copied this approach, which became the conventional perimetric stimulus. This approach led to high test–retest variability in glaucomatous defects.2,3 Wall and colleagues1 tested a large number of people with size III, size V (1.72° diameter), a custom “size VI” (3.44° diameter), and with a method that varies stimulus size for a fixed contrast (size threshold perimetry [STP]). They generated their own normative values for each test, and used these to compute total deviation, pattern deviation, and probability plots for the patients. They found the same number of abnormal locations with III, V, and STP, and slightly fewer for size VI. The shapes of defects on probability plots were similar for all tests. Defects were deeper for size III, and variability was higher, consistent with effects of ganglion cell saturation.4 This study is important because it shows that there is nothing special about the use of a single stimulus size, that all of these tests are measuring the same thing. New forms of perimetry are justified that choose stimuli based on desirable properties, such as lower variability and resistance to effects of blur, reduced illumination, and forward light scatter. The perimetry of the 21st century need not be shackled to a historic accident.
Discovering and verifying DNA polymorphisms in a mung bean [V. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] collection by EcoTILLING and sequencing.

Background: Vigna radiata, which is classified in the family Fabaceae, is an important economic crop and a dietary staple in many developing countries. The species radiata can be further subdivided into varieties of which the variety sublobata is currently acknowledged as the putative progenitor of radiata. EcoTILLING was employed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions/deletions (INDELS) in a collection of Vigna radiata accessions. Findings: A total of 157 DNA polymorphisms in the collection were produced from ten primer sets when using V. radiata var. sublobata as the reference. The majority of polymorphisms detected were found in putative introns. The banding patterns varied from simple to complex as the number of DNA polymorphisms between two pooled samples increased. Numerous SNPs and INDELS ranging from 4–24 and 1–6, respectively, were detected in all fragments when pooling V. radiata var. sublobata with V. radiata var. radiata. On the other hand, when accessions of V. radiata var. radiata were mixed together and digested with CEL I relatively few SNPs and no INDELS were detected. Conclusion: EcoTILLING was utilized to identify polymorphisms in a collection of mung bean, which previously showed limited molecular genetic diversity and limited morphological diversity in the flowers and pod descriptors. Overall, EcoTILLING proved to be a powerful genetic analysis tool providing the rapid identification of naturally occurring variation.
Enkephalin inhibition of inhibitory input to CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus

Enkephalin-induced excitation in the hippocampus has been attributed to the attenuation of inhibitory input as well as to augmentation of excitatory input to pyramidal neurons. We have further examined these possible mechanisms of enkephalin action, as well as the possibility that enkephalins may be affecting intrinsic membrane properties, by recording intracellularly from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells in the guinea pig hippocampal brain slice preparation. It was observed that the inhibitory synaptic potential was significantly decreased in the presence of leucine enkephalin and D-alanine, D-leucine-enkephalin (DADL), whereas the excitatory synaptic potential, revealed by block of the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) by bicuculline, was unaltered. In addition, the response of pyramidal cells to pressure-applied GABA was unaffected by enkephalin, as were the voltage-dependent membrane conductances. The increase in excitability which was observed in both field potential and intracellular recordings to drop application of DADL must, then, be due to a purely presynaptic block of inhibitory interneurons in both the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.
A general duality principle in elasticity

Abstract Anisotropic elasticity problems are considered, where the field variables depend on only two spatial coordinate variables, say, the rectangular Cartesian coordinates, x1 and x1. The equilibrium equations are then identically satisfied (no body forces), if the stress components, σij, are such that σj1 = ∂Φj/∂x2 and σj2 = −∂Φj/∂x1, j = 1, 2, 3, where Φ with the component Φj is the stress vector potential. In terms of the six-dimensional vector field η = [u, Φ], the basic elasticity equations reduce to {∂/∂x2}[u, Φ]T = N{∂/∂x1}[u, Φ]T, where u is the displacement field and N is called the fundamental elasticity matrix, given by the elastic moduli of the solid. This formulation and the corresponding duality remove the distinction between the displacement vector field u, and the stress vector-potential field Φ. Indeed, these two vector fields are, in many respects, each other's dual, in the sense that, for a given solid with given geometry and elasticity, the solution to a class of prescribed mixed displacement-traction boundary-value problems also provides the solution of the corresponding dual mixed traction-displacement boundary-value problems, without a change in geometry or elasticity of the solid. This duality principle is first proved rigorously. Then the results are applied to a general mixed boundary-value problem of a multiply connected heterogeneous finite solid with arbitrary piecewise constant anisotropic elasticity. A number of interesting illustrations involving dislocations and concentrated forces, cracks and anticracks (rigid line inclusions), interface problems, and the half-space Green functions, are also presented as special cases of the general duality principle. In addition to the general duality principle which provides a two-way relation between u and Φ, a number of other one-way relations between the displacement field u and the stress vector potential Φ of the same problem, as well as u of one problem and u of its dual, and Φ of one problem and Φ of s dual, are also presented.
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development.

The importance of RSV as a respiratory pathogen in young children made it a priority for vaccine development shortly after it was discovered. Unfortunately, after over 50 years of vaccine development no vaccine has yet been licensed and it is not certain which if any vaccines being developed will be successful. The first candidate vaccine, a formalin inactivated RSV vaccine (FI-RSV), was tested in children in the 1960s and predisposed young recipients to more serious disease with later natural infection. The ongoing challenges in developing RSV vaccines are balanced by advances in our understanding of the virus, the host immune response to vaccines and infection, and pathogenesis of disease. It seems likely that with efficient and appropriately focused effort a safe and effective vaccine is within reach. There are at least 4 different target populations for an RSV vaccine, i.e. the RSV naive young infant, the RSV naive infant >4-6 months of age, pregnant women, and elderly adults. Each target population has different issues related to vaccine development. Numerous vaccines from live attenuated RSV to virus like particle vaccines have been developed and evaluated in animals. Very few vaccines have been studied in humans and studies in humans are needed to determine which vaccines are worth moving toward licensure. Some changes in the approach may improve the efficiency of evaluating candidate vaccines. The complexity of the challenges for developing RSV vaccines suggests that collaboration among academic, government, and funding institutions and industry is needed to most efficiently achieve an RSV vaccine.
Effect of active layer doping on static and dynamic performance of 1.3-um InGaAsP lasers with semi-insulating current blocking layers

We have investigated, experimentally, the coherent operation of 1-dimensional linear arrays of grating coupled surface emitting lasers for different laser designs (gain lengths, grating parameters). For laser arrays with shailow grating teeth and strong inter-element coupling a diffraction limited far field of 0.012 degrees full width half maximum was obtained from up to 6 coupled lasers extending over a length of 3.5mm.
Structure of some noetherian SI rings

Abstract We describe the structure of rings over which every cyclic (or finitely generated) right module is a direct sum of a projective module and an injective module.
Induction of maturation and spawning of pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, by changing water temperature, and survival and growth of young

Abstract Field surveys of Penaeus duorarum have frequently observed co-occurrence of rising water temperatures, reproductive maturation and appearance of larval stages of the shrimp. This study investigated the use of water temperature changes, instead of eye enucleation, to induce maturation and spawning of pink shrimp fed only a compounded diet. The shrimp responded rapidly to changes in water temperature, spawning repeatedly within 7 to 14 days after water temperature was decreased to 20±1°C and then increased to 28°C in the 1.2-meter-diameter, recirculating system. Survival to protozoea ranged from 83 to 97% and to post-larvae averaged 83±3.2% when fed the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis . During the first 2 months, post-larvae grew from 0.072 mg to 109 mg.
Recent studies in Precambrian geology of the Adirondack Mountains — An introduction: Summary

PRELUDE Plans for the symposium on Adirondack Geology represented by the 13 papers and 10 abstracts that follow began in the Spring of 1978. At the Northeastern Section meeting of the Geological Society of America in Boston, Noel Potter, Jr., a committee member for the 1979 Northeastern Section meeting to be held in Hershey, Pennsylvania, was asking everyone he saw for ideas about possible symposia for the meeting. I mentioned that much work was in progress in the Adirondacks and that the time might be ripe “soon” for a symposium. Subsequently, I dismissed the thought. For one thing, Hershey didn't seem to be a likely setting for a symposium on the Adirondacks. Soon, however, a letter arrived, suggesting in all seriousness that we proceed. I agreed to send letters to test the climate for a symposium. Perhaps there would be enough people to warrant a half-day meeting.
Simulation, gaming and the simulative

This article examines the dominance of media-effects studies in communications scholarship and compares the study of communications with the study of simulations and games. The author draws parallels between the two fields of study and discusses the future research agenda for the study of simulations and games.
MAINTENANCE OF AN EYE PROTECTION PROGRAMME

The implementing and maintaining of an Eye Protection Programme requires particular attention to those factors which have critical influence on the outcome of the programme. The personal and specialised nature of the programme needs the Initial and continuing involvement of services competent to handle procedures and problems. The major factor concerns the necessity to incorporate the wearing of plano safety spectacles in “eye hazardous” areas as a condition of employment. When a programme is soundly based and gives proper, fair and due regard to the personal requirements of individual employees, union ‘concurrence is certain to be forthcoming. Provision must be made for maintaining the programme in all respects viz: the repair, replacement and issue of eye protectors, continuing sight screening pre-employment procedures, scheduled examination of employees in certain specified operations, the continuing requirements of prescription eye-wear. The standard of discipline in the plant environment is another governing factor. Although the floor supervisor has the direct responsibility all levels of management are involved and have significant effect on the programme. A programme which is implemented and maintained according to the outlined planning and procedures will, with certainty, eliminate serious eye injuries.
Clients’ Perceptions of Service Quality and Satisfaction at Their Initial Title X Family Planning Visit

Family planning service quality and clients' satisfaction with services are important determinants of clients' contraceptive use and continuation. We examine women's experiences at family planning clinics on a range of dimensions, including patient-centered communication (PCC), and identify experiences associated with higher ratings of service quality and satisfaction. New female clients (n = 748), ages 18-35 years, from clinics in three major metropolitan areas completed computer-administered interviews between 2008 and 2009. Factors associated with primary outcomes of service quality and satisfaction were assessed using multinomial and ordinary logistic regression, respectively. Higher scores on a Clinician-Client Centeredness Scale, measuring whether clinicians were respectful, listened, and provided thoughtful explanations, were associated with perceptions of good quality care and being very satisfied. Higher scores on a Clinic Discomfort Scale, measuring staff and waiting-room experiences, were associated with reduced satisfaction. Clients' interactions with clinicians, especially PCC, influence their perceptions of service quality, whereas their satisfaction with services is also influenced by the facility environment. These measures are adaptable for agencies to identify the factors contributing to their own clients' satisfaction-dissatisfaction with care and perceptions of service quality.
42,000-molecular weight EGF receptor has protein kinase activity

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and other growth factor receptors have been shown to possess tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity1–5. Before the demonstration of kinase activity in growth factor receptors, tyrosine kinases of molecular weight (MW) 60,000 (60K) were found to be encoded by the src oncogene and other oncogenes related to src6–8. Our earlier work on intracellular processing of the EGF receptor9, a 170,000-MW polypeptide, provided evidence for proteolytic separation of well defined structural domains, and suggested to us the possibility of separating functional domains by limited proteolysis. The isolation of such kinase domains should facilitate comparison of the receptor/kinase with other well characterized kinases including those of oncogene origin. We report here the identification of a catalytically functional 42K kinase derived proteolytically from the isolated human EGF receptor. This fragment, comparable in size to pp60src, carries the kinase ATP-binding site, and functions catalytically even after detachment from the EGF-binding site and the major autophosphorylation region.
Optimal Event Point Determination for Short-Term Scheduling of Multipurpose Batch Plants via Unit-Specific Event-Based Continuous-Time Approaches

In the past two decades, three types of continuous-time models have been developed for the short-term scheduling of multipurpose batch plants: sequence-based, slot-based, and event-based models. Both slot- and event-based models require an iterative procedure proposed by Ierapetritou and Floudas (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 4341) to determine the number of event points or slots, which results in increased computational time and no optimal number of event points or slots in some cases. In this work, we first enhance the recently proposed three-index unit-specific event-based model developed by Shaik and Floudas (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 2947) and extend it to handle different wait policies. Then, we develop a general framework to obtain the optimal number of event points where an iterative procedure is employed to obtain the maximum number of event points and determine the critical intermediate states. The approach proposed by Janak and Floudas (Comput. Chem. Eng. 2008, 32, 913) is used to obtain ...
Type XIX Collagen Purified from Human Umbilical Cord Is Characterized by Multiple Sharp Kinks Delineating Collagenous Subdomains and by Intermolecular Aggregates via Globular, Disulfide-linked, and Heparin-binding Amino Termini

Type XIX collagen was discovered from the sequence of rhabdomyosarcoma cDNA clones. The chain is composed of a 268-residue amino terminus, an 832-residue discontinuous collagenous region, and a 19-residue carboxyl peptide. Light microscopy immunohistochemistry of adult human tissues demonstrated that type XIX is localized in vascular, neuronal, mesenchymal, and some epithelial basement membrane zones. It also appears to be involved in events linked to skeletal myogenesis. In this report, we have presented the first direct evidence for the molecular structure of type XIX collagen. Using human umbilical cord, native type XIX was purified by neutral salt extraction and by ion exchange and antibody affinity chromatography. Type XIX was found to represent only ∼10–6% of the dry weight of tissue, making it by far the least abundant collagen ever isolated. Transmission electron microscopy after rotary shadowing revealed the appearance of rodlike structures with multiple sharp bends, a small nodule at one end of the molecule, and a total length of 240 nm. Domain-specific antibodies were used to identify the nodule as the noncollagenous amino terminus, whereas the location of most kinks corresponds to major interruptions separating the five collagenous subdomains. More than half of the type XIX molecules observed were present in oligomers of different size and complexity, resulting from association of the amino-terminal domains. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that these supramolecular aggregates are dependent upon and/or stabilized by intermolecular disulfide cross-links and that the globular amino terminus contains a high affinity, heparin-binding site. The polymorphic conformational states of this rare collagen, and its ability to self-assemble into a higher order structure provide focal points for future determination of biologically significant functions in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions.
Phylogeny of Replication Initiator Protein TrfA Reveals a Highly Divergent Clade of Incompatibility Group P1 Plasmids

Incompatibility group P1 (IncP-1) plasmid diversity was evaluated based on replication initiator protein (TrfA) phylogeny. A new and highly divergent clade was identified. Replication assays indicated that TrfA of recently discovered IncP-1 plasmids from Xylella fastidiosa and Verminephrobacter eiseniae initiated plasmid replication using cognate or heterologous origins of replication.
The pros and cons of commercial institutions as an alternative venue for training translators and publishing translations in Japan

This paper examines the potential and problems of commercial schools as an alternative venue for training translators and publishing translations in Japan. These private-sector institutions operate on a business model in a substantial market for translator training, primarily driven by for-profit motives rather than principles of translation pedagogy. Nevertheless, they meet a demand by providing students with practical training and a de facto apprenticeship/mentoring system. They also act as an intermediary between trainees, translation agencies and publishers, although often these arrangements largely constitute a publicity tool and supplementary income stream, and the hopes of anything other than self-funded publication are illusory for many students. There is a disconnect between these institutions, which dominate the field in Japan, and the relatively small number of academic programs in translation, but it is argued here that despite the problems with certain aspects of these commercial schools, the...
Health and Economic Impacts of an HIV Intervention in Out of Treatment Substance Abusers: Evidence from a Dynamic Model

Introduction. A community-based intervention program found that the high-risk target population interacts with its surrounding community as a source of drugs and prostitution, creating a measure of co-dependence in the health status of each group. Methodology. The intervention collected extensive data on sexual and drug use practices in the target population. A dynamic compartment model estimates the epidemiological impact of the intervention, which serves as the basis for the economic assessment comparing intervention costs and lifetime HIV treatment costs. Results. Approximately 2/3 of the new infections arise in the surrounding community. Intervention spillover benefits in the surrounding community are sufficient to make the intervention cost-saving in the first year—a savings of ∼$534,000. Conclusions. Conducting the intervention results in health benefits and cost-savings not only for the risk group, but for the entire community in which it resides. Quantifying the spillovers is vital to policymakers attempting to allocate scarce public health resources.
Mobile Data Gathering with Load Balanced Clustering and Dual Data Uploading in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a three-layer framework is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which includes the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer. The framework employs distributed load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as LBC-DDU. The objective is to achieve good scalability, long network lifetime and low data collection latency. At the sensor layer, a distributed load balanced clustering (LBC) algorithm is proposed for sensors to self-organize themselves into clusters. In contrast to existing clustering methods, our scheme generates multiple cluster heads in each cluster to balance the work load and facilitate dual data uploading. At the cluster head layer, the inter-cluster transmission range is carefully chosen to guarantee the connectivity among the clusters. Multiple cluster heads within a cluster cooperate with each other to perform energy-saving inter-cluster communications. Through inter-cluster transmissions, cluster head information is forwarded to SenCar for its moving trajectory planning. At the mobile collector layer, SenCar is equipped with two antennas, which enables two cluster heads to simultaneously upload data to SenCar in each time by utilizing multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technique. The trajectory planning for SenCar is optimized to fully utilize dual data uploading capability by properly selecting polling points in each cluster. By visiting each selected polling point, SenCar can efficiently gather data from cluster heads and transport the data to the static data sink. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed LBC-DDU scheme. The results show that when each cluster has at most two cluster heads, LBC-DDU achieves over 50 percent energy saving per node and 60 percent energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data collection through multi-hop relay to the static data sink, and 20 percent shorter data collection time compared to traditional mobile data gathering.
Household Demand for Convenience and Nonconvenience Foods

States. The budget shares are generally more responsive to prices than to real total expenditure. Additionally, the quantities demanded of convenience and nonconvenience foods are generally more sensitive to changes in income and own-prices than to changes in cross-prices. With regard to demographic variates, primary users of convenience foods are white households with employed household managers less than 35 years of age.
The Legal Politics of Jurisdiction: Understanding ASEAN's Role in Myanmar's Disaster, Cyclone Nargis (2008)

This paper exposes the limited perspective that we have over the problem of jurisdiction in emergencies. In the classic theory of emergency powers, sovereign control over borders is assumed, and jurisdictional problems are acknowledged when threats come from outside those borders or when they are handled outside. However, what characterizes many emergencies is not the exercise of sovereign jurisdiction but rather contestations over problems of jurisdiction and competing jurisdictional claims. To illustrate the need for a broader perspective over emergencies’ jurisdictional politics, this paper tells a multilayered story about a successful intervention by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in one of Myanmar's natural disasters (Nargis 2008). ASEAN's role in its Member State's disaster should be understood in view of its unique regional solution to the jurisdictional problem that this disaster raised—the problem of access by foreign aid to a domestic area affected by a natural disaster.
Multiple Promoters Exist in the Human GR Gene, One of Which Is Activated by Glucocorticoids

A new human GR gene sequence (hGR 1Ap/e), which is distinct from the previously identified human GR promoter and coding sequences, has been isolated and characterized. The hGR 1Ap/e sequence is approximately 31 kbp upstream of the human GR coding sequence. This sequence (2,056 bp) contains a novel promoter (the hGR 1A promoter; 1,075 bp) and untranslated exon sequence (hGR exon 1A sequence; 981 bp). Alternative splicing produces three different hGR 1A-containing transcripts, 1A1, 1A2, and 1A3. GR transcripts containing exon 1A1, 1A2, 1B, and 1C are expressed at various levels in many cancer cell lines, while the exon 1A3-containing GR transcript is expressed most abundantly in blood cell cancer cell lines. Glucocorticoid hormone treatment causes an upregulation of exon 1A3-containing GR transcripts in CEM-C7 T-lymphoblast cells and a down-regulation of exon 1A3-containing transcripts in IM-9 B-lymphoma cells. Deoxyribonuclease I footprinting using CEM-C7 cell nuclear extract reveals four footprints in the promoter region and two intraexonic footprints. Much of the basal promoter-activating function is found in the 141/1269 sequence, which contains two deoxyribonuclease I footprints (FP5 and FP6). When this sequence is cloned into the pXP-1 luciferase reporter gene, hormone treatment causes a significant increase in luciferase activity in Jurkat T cells that are cotransfected with a GR expression vector. FP5 is an interferon regulatory factor-binding element, and it contributes significantly to basal transcription rate, but it is not activated by steroid. FP6 resembles a glucocorticoid response element and can bind GRb. This novel hGR 1Ap/e sequence may have future applications for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of T-cell leukemia and lymphoma. (Molecular Endocrinology 15: 1381‐1395, 2001)
Accelerating field step-up transformer in wake-field accelerators

The authors present details of a scheme by which the RF power is generated in a large-diameter wake-field tube, where deflection mode generation by the intense drive beam is tolerable, and then fed into a small-diameter acceleration tube where the less-intense witness beam is accelerated by the greatly enhanced axial electric field. The witness beam generates little deflection-mode power itself, even in the small acceleration tube; thus, a final high-quality, high-energy electron beam is produced. It is pointed out that the RF gymnastics illustrated result in nominally a factor of two enhancement of the ultimate accelerating electric field as compared to the case where the drive beam is sent directly into the small-diameter structure. The principal advantage of the step-up transformer is the large reduction of deflection-mode worries and allowance of larger-diameter (weaker focused) drive beams. The acceleration parameters were examined, and transformer, matching and optimization are discussed. >
Activation of store-operated ICRAC by hydrogen peroxide

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play a role in both innate immunity as well as cellular injury. H2O2 induces changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in many cell types and this seems to be at least partially mediated by transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) in cells that express this channel. Here we show that low concentrations of H2O2 induce the activation of the Ca(2+)-release activated Ca(2+) current I(CRAC). This effect is not mediated by direct CRAC channel activation, since H2O2 does not activate heterologously expressed CRAC channels independently of stromal interaction molecule (STIM). Instead, I(CRAC) activation is partially mediated by store depletion through activation of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3R), since pharmacological inhibition of IP3 receptors by heparin or molecular knock-out of all IP3 receptors in DT40 B cells strongly reduce H2O2-induced I(CRAC). The remainder of H2O2-induced I(CRAC) activation is likely mediated by IP3R-independent store-depletion. Our data suggest that H2O2 can activate Ca(2+) entry through TRPM2 as well as store-operated CRAC channels, thereby adding a new facet to ROS-induced Ca(2+) signaling.
Effects of Varying the Shape of the Convective Heating Profile on Convectively Coupled Gravity Waves and Moisture Modes

AbstractThe analytical model of convectively coupled gravity waves and moisture modes of Raymond and Fuchs is extended to the case of top-heavy and bottom-heavy convective heating profiles. Top-heavy heating profiles favor gravity waves, while bottom-heavy profiles support moisture modes. The latter behavior results from the sensitivity of moisture modes to the gross moist stability, which is more negative with bottom-heavy heating.A numerical implementation of the analytical model allows calculations in the two-dimensional nonrotating case as well as on a three-dimensional equatorial beta plane. In the two-dimensional case the analytical and numerical models are mostly in agreement, although minor discrepancies occur. In three dimensions the gravity modes become equatorial Kelvin waves whereas the moisture modes are more complex and require further investigation.
Changes in Hypertensinase and Hypertensinogen Following Nephrectomy

The hypertensinase content of dog's plasma is decreased 48 hours after nephrectomy. This decrease may contribute to the increased blood pressure response to renin shown by nephrectomized animals. When plasma is incubated with a relatively small concentration of renin, the yield of hypertensin increases after nephrectomy. This finding correlates with decreased hypertensinase and the increased pressor response to renin characteristic of the postnephrectomy state. Mean plasma hypertensinogen shows about a threefold increase, and its significance is discussed.
The Primary Exclusive Region in Cognitive Networks

In this paper, we consider a cognitive network in which a single primary transmitter communicates with primary receivers within an area of radius RO, called the primary exclusive region (PER). Inside this region, no cognitive users may transmit. Outside the PER, provided that the cognitive transmitters are at a minimal distance isinp from a primary receiver, they may transmit concurrently with the primary user. We determine bounds on the primary exclusive radius RO and the guard band isinp to guarantee an outage performance for the primary user. Specifically, for a desired rate CO and an outage probability beta, the probability that the primary user's rate falls below CO is less than beta. This performance guarantee holds even with an arbitrarily large number of cognitive users uniformly distributed with constant density outside the primary exclusive region.
Midbrain atrophy is not a biomarker of progressive supranuclear palsy pathology.

Background Midbrain atrophy is a characteristic feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), although it is unclear whether it is associated with the PSP syndrome (PSPS) or PSP pathology. We aimed to determine whether midbrain atrophy is a useful biomarker of PSP pathology, or whether it is only associated with typical PSPS.
Reverse Linguistic Stereotyping: Measuring the Effect of Listener Expectations on Speech Evaluation

The linguistic stereotyping hypothesis holds that even brief samples of speech varieties associated with low-prestige groups can cue negative attributions regarding individual speakers. The converse phenomenon is reverse linguistic stereotyping (RLS). In RLS, attributions of a speaker’s group membership trigger distorted evaluations of that person’s speech. The present study established a procedure for ascertaining a proclivity to RLS for individual listeners. In addition to RLS, variables reflecting degree of multicultural involvement (e.g., proportion of friends who are nonnative speakers, amount of language study) predicted speech evaluations. Although the RLS measurement procedure outlined here requires more demanding administration than mere paper-and-pencil self-reports, it has the advantage of reflecting authentic RLS processes. Measuring individuals’ RLS levels can help screen teachers, job interviewers, immigration officials, and others who are called on to make judgments about the oral proficien...
Photonic microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a virtually imaged phased-array (VIPA) direct space-to-time pulse shaper

We present the first direct space-to-time pulse shaper using a virtually imaged phased array as the spectral disperser. We use this pulse shaper to demonstrate generation of 10-50-GHz arbitrary microwave waveforms with time apertures as large as 1.0 ns and peak-to-peak amplitudes as high as 400 mV.
Assessing God Locus of Control as a Factor in College Students’ Alcohol Use and Sexual Behavior

Abstract. Objectives: This study explored God locus of control beliefs (ie, God's control over behavior) regarding their influence on alcohol use and sexual behavior as an alternative religiosity measure to religious behaviors, which does not capture perceived influence of religiosity. Additionally, demographic differences in religious beliefs were explored. Methods: College students aged 18–24 (N = 324) completed a survey between April 2012 and March 2013. Principal components and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Findings suggest that measures provide reliable, valid data from college students. God locus of control is linked to not consuming alcohol or engaging in sex. There were differences regarding relationship status and religious denomination. Conclusions: God locus of control beliefs are an appropriate construct for collecting data about college students’ religiosity. Furthermore, health educators at faith-based institutions could incorporate this construct into their programming, enc...
Multimedia CDMA wireless network design: the link layer perspective

Multimedia traffic sources with tight latency constraint, arising in sessions such as data query, image and video transmissions, can be very bursty and are inefficient to be serviced with a dedicated high-speed link. On wireline networks, bursty traffic is statistically multiplexed to fully utilize the link capacity. In light of recent proposals for wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to service multimedia data, there is a similar need to develop wireless network architectures with flexible bandwidth allocation to facilitate statistical multiplexing. To address this issue, we compared the throughput performance of two promising WCDMA configurations, high speed CDMA (HS-CDMA) and multi-code CDMA (MC-CDMA). HS-CDMA assigns each user a single code with small spreading gain to enable a high transmission rate when it is needed. In contrast, MC-CDMA employs codes with a large spreading gain but permits a user to acquire more than one code. As expected, the throughput of a configuration depends on the receiver structure as well as the operation scenarios like power and SNR constraints. When matched filter receivers are applied, HS-CDMA fares better in most occasions. When multi-user receivers are used, both configurations deliver the same throughput except the situation when the total power is bounded.
Clinical Trials Offshored: On Private Sector Science and Public Health

This article addresses the offshoring of clinical trials to middle- and low-income countries, and the complicated ways in which they have become integral to public health and quality of care in these contexts. I focus on the operations of United States-based contract research organizations (CROs), which make up a specialized global industry focusing on the recruitment of human subjects and investigators; they are key players in an outsourced world of clinical development ‘service providers’. To get an on-the-ground understanding of the offshored clinical trial, I worked with regulators, health services administrators, and research clinicians in Eastern Europe and Latin America, two clinical trial market ‘growth regions’. By addressing the strategies of evidence-making that inform clinical trial offshoring, this article identifies the context-specific calculations by which experimental groups are being identified. It also addresses aspects of the clinical trial operational model, in which the failure to predict safety outcomes or a paradigm of expected failure is being exported along with the offshored trial. By highlighting the uncertainties of clinical research, this article points to gaps in systems of human protection as it considers new forms of accountability in private sector science and public health.
Mathematical Description of Viscous Free Surface Flows

Mathematical formulations for three distinct systems which involve viscous free surface flows are presented. The first model describes boundary conditions posed at a moving contact line formed at the tri-junction of a gas/liquid/solid system. In particular the unification of mass flux conditions is highlighted. The second and third models are solidification systems. Formulations of both models examine the use of asymptotic methods to isolate a mathematical description of the free solidifying surface. In one case evolution equations for solidifying fronts are developed. These equations allow one to investigate micro scale morphology of the interface. In the other model, the influence of macroscopic heat, mass, and momentum transport on the solidifying front is examined. A reduced model is developed which is simpler for analysis yet retains the relevant physics.
Mechanical support of the failing circulation in infants and children

Abstract Mechanical Life Support (MLS) is commonly utilized in adults suffering from refractory cardiac failure. MLS may serve as temporary support to allow for the recovery of cardiac function, or as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. The experience with MLS in the pediatric population is small and has centered primarily around the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The most recent overall survival data obtained from the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) regarding cardiac assist devices in the pediatric population reveals a survival rate of 43% with ECMO, 40% with the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and 15% with ventricular assist devices (VAD). The lack of appropriately miniaturized devices and limited clinical experience have delayed the progress of this technology in children. This chapter will serve as an overview of the use of currently available support techniques including the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), ventricular assist devices (VAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the pediatric population.
Evaluating the Effect of the Number of Naturally Occurring Faults on the Estimates Produced by Capture-Recapture Models

Project managers can use the capture-recapture models to estimate the number of faults in a software artifact. The capture-recapture estimates are calculated using the number of unique faults and the number of times each fault is found. The accuracy of the estimates is affected by the number of inspectors and the number of faults. Our earlier research investigated the effect that the number of inspectors had on the accuracy of the estimates. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the number of faults on the performance of the estimates using real requirement artifacts. These artifacts have an unknown amount of naturally occurring faults. The results show that while the estimators generally underestimate, they improve as the number of faults increases. The results also show that the capture-recapture estimators can be used to make correct re-inspection decisions.
Implications of ‘Europe 1992’ in a Changing World Economy

The imbalances in the world economy reflect long-run problems of competitiveness linked closely to the maturity of the industrial countries. The extension of the European Common Market into a grand barrier-free economic zone in 1992 may serve to deal with the maturity problem. It will create a market bigger than that of North America, containing both high technology industries and low cost labor. It will greatly stimulate competitive entrepreneurship and innovation in Europe. Whether the new Europe will participate in the world economy or whether it will build protective walls greatly affects economic welfare in the rest of the world.
Geographic Variation in Treatment and Outcomes Among Patients With AMI: Investigating Urban-Rural Differences Among Hospitalized Patients

Background The value of early invasive revascularization for patients suffering acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is well known. However, access to revascularization services varies geographically and demographically. Previous studies have not examined the influence of rural residence on revascularization rates and outcomes among patients hospitalized with AMI. Methods Our retrospective cohort study included patients hospitalized in Washington State with a primary diagnosis of AMI from 2009 to 2012. Urban or rural residence was determined using rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. Multivariable models were used to evaluate geographic variation in rates of invasive versus medical management, in-hospital mortality, rehospitalization, and subsequent revascularization procedures. Results Our study included 25,156 urban dwellers and 2,770 rural residents. Adjusted models found rural patients to be at increased odds of undergoing invasive revascularization during the initial episode of AMI care (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.21; P = .02) compared to urban dwelling patients. Rural patients were more likely to be transferred for care (OR = 4.28; 95% CI: 3.93-4.66; P < .001) and more likely to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.35-1.78; P < .001) compared to the urban cohort. We found no significant geographic cohort differences in in-hospital mortality or subsequent revascularization rates. Conclusion Our findings suggest that despite limited access to cardiac care facilities, rural patients are accessing revascularization services. However, rural residents are more likely to undergo CABG during their index admission. High transfer rates suggest that rural regions rely on effective transfer networks to access invasive cardiac services.
Shallow S‐Wave Well Logs as an Indicator of Past Strong Shaking from Earthquakes on the Newport–Inglewood Fault

Numerical calculations assuming linear elasticity by Bose et al. (2014) indicate that an M w 7.75 earthquake on the Newport–Inglewood fault would cause 5 m/s of horizontal peak ground velocity (PGV) within the Los Angeles basin. However, the dynamic strain from this event would take much of the uppermost few hundred meters of basin rock beyond its frictional elastic limit. Stiff quartz‐rich beds within the basin are fragile geological features that would fail and crack before the rest of the clay‐rich rock mass. Repeated cracking would reduce the shear modulus of the quartz‐rich beds to the level that cracking barely occurred during strong events. When interpreted in this way, data from such stiff beds near the Los Angeles International Airport indicate past PGV of ∼1.6 m/s, comparable with near‐field records from the strike‐slip 2002 Denali and 1992 Landers earthquakes. Numerical calculations capable of representing nonlinear failure within shallow bedded rocks are warranted. Online Material: Digital ROSRINE S ‐wave borehole logs.
Cross-Coupling of Cyclopropanols: Concise Syntheses of Indolizidine 223AB and Congeners

A new synthetic method for indolizidine or pyrrolizidine alkaloids based on readily available and attractively functionalized cyclopropanols, as exemplified in concise syntheses of indolizidine (-)-223AB, its 3-epimer, (-)-indolizidine 239AB, and (-)-indolizidine 239CD, is reported. This work highlights the applications of SN2' alkylation and C-acylation of cyclopropanols to meet stereochemical challenges in natural product synthesis. Also included is diastereoselective cyclization of the resulting aminoallene adduct for bicyclic ring formation.
Glass Bonded Crystalline Boracite Composites for Pyroelectric Applications

Polymer and glass bonded crystalline boracite composites are prepared for large area device applications. The glass bonded composites show large pyroelectric figure of merit at room temperature and at 65°C the value becomes larger than that of TGS single crystal (1×10-5 C/m2K) measured at room temperature. Larger area boracite composites can be prepared. Such composites are easier to pole, give quite reproducible results and give higher pyroelectric figure of merit (p/K values) than the earlier reported values on Fe-I boracite single crystals.
Decentralized Total Transfer Capability Evaluation Using Domain Decomposition Methods

In order to ensure the reliable operation of the electric power grid, infrastructure with increasing levels of distributed generation deployment, various entities and subsystems (e.g., ISOs, distribution utilities, micro-grids) needs a higher level coordination. Such coordination requires a formal decentralized control and management architecture that creates mechanisms for the operation and planning of numerous entities. A key function in power system operations and planning is the determination of total transfer capability (TTC), or the maximum amount of power that can be transferred from a set of source points to a set of sink points. This paper develops an algorithm for the decentralized computation of TTC through the application of the domain decomposition method (DDM). DDM decouples the correlation among interconnected control areas by taking advantage of the Schur complement matrix to form the power transfer distribution factor matrix. The decentralized TTC evaluation requires sparse information exchange among control areas. It is efficient and fully parallelizable. We demonstrate the decentralized TTC evaluation method on the IEEE 118-bus test case.