cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-performance displacement chromatography

Abstract The potential of the displacement mode of liquid chromatography for preparative-scale separations has been investigated by using microparticulate packed columns and instrumentation typically employed in analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although the physico-chemical basis of the technique has long been established, its development was handicapped by lack of efficient chromatographic systems and suitable tools to monitor column effluent and gather data required for analysis and design of the displacement chromatographic process and for selection of suitable displacers. The availability of novel solid stationary phases with adequate properties to facilitate rapid sorption kinetics, the possibility of monitoring the effluent of the “fractionator” liquid chromatograph by an auxiliary ”analyzer“ unit as well as the relatively easy evaluation of appropriate adsorption isotherms by using the HPLC equipment, however, provide a basis to advance the displacement mode of liquid chromatography for preparative separations with analytical columns. After a brief review of the principles of the technique the dual chromatographic system used in the experiments for fractionation and analysis is described. Expressions for the efficiency of separation are given and factors affecting the development of the “displacement train” containing the separated feed components are enumerated. The interplay between the nature and concentration of displacer, the column length, amount of feed, flow-rate as well as the nature and concentration of the components of the mixture to be fractionated is discussed qualitatively. Fractionation of mixtures containing phenolic compounds or adenosine and inosine on columns packed with octadecyl-silica bonded phases (reversed-phase chromatography) is used to exemplify the effect of the operating conditions on the afficacy of the separation. The results are related to the adsorption isotherms of the substances that were measured by frontal analysis and found to follow the Langmuir model. The results suggest that upon accumulation of a sufficient amount of data on adsorptivities in chromatographic systems of interest high-performance displacement chromatography offers a promising approach to the use of ubiquitous HPLC equipment for preparative-scale separations with analytical columns.
The impact of intravenous corticosteroids with third molar surgery in patients at high risk for delayed health-related quality of life and clinical recovery.

Purpose To compare recovery for clinical and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes after third molar surgery in patients predicted to be at risk for delayed recovery, treated with or without intravenous (IV) corticosteroids at surgery. Patients and methods Patients at least 18 years of age and with all 4 third molars below the occlusal plane were given IV corticosteroids just before third molar surgery. Clinical and HRQOL outcomes of these patients were compared with those of a nonconcurrent control group who did not receive corticosteroids. No antibiotics were administered. The control group was selected using the same criteria and treated under the same surgical protocol as the corticosteroid group. Differences between the groups were assessed with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel row mean score statistics. Results Sixty patients were in each cohort. The incidence of delayed clinical recovery, a postsurgery visit with treatment, was higher in the control group compared with the corticosteroid group. In the corticosteroid group, 6 patients (10%) had 1 postsurgery visit with treatment. In the control group without corticosteroids, 17 patients (28%) had at least 1 postsurgery visit with treatment (P = .01). Compared with the control group, nausea tended to bother patients less on postsurgery day 1 (P = .07); sleep was improved on postsurgery days 1 through 4 (P Conclusion Administration of IV corticosteroids before third molar surgery without antibiotics does not hamper clinical recovery even when healthy adult patients are predicted to have delayed recovery. Overall, IV corticosteroid administration had a limited, but beneficial effect on HRQOL outcomes.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: patterns of failure and predictors of local control.

Purpose Few studies have evaluated the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity (OC). We report clinical outcomes and failure patterns for these patients. Methods and Materials Between October 2002 and June 2009, 37 patients with newly diagnosed SCC of the OC underwent postoperative (30) or definitive (7) IMRT. Twenty-five patients (66%) received systemic therapy. The median follow-up was 38 months (range, 10–87 months). The median interval from surgery to RT was 5.9 weeks (range, 2.1–10.7 weeks). Results Thirteen patients experienced local-regional failure at a median of 8.1 months (range, 2.4–31.9 months), and 2 additional patients experienced local recurrence between surgery and RT. Seven local failures occurred in-field (one with simultaneous nodal and distant disease) and two at the margin. Four regional failures occurred, two in-field and two out-of-field, one with synchronous metastases. Six patients experienced distant failure. The 3-year actuarial estimates of local control, local-regional control, freedom from distant metastasis, and overall survival were 67%, 53%, 81%, and 60% among postoperative patients, respectively, and 60%, 60%, 71%, and 57% among definitive patients. Four patients developed Grade ≥2 chronic toxicity. Increased surgery to RT interval predicted for decreased LRC ( p = 0.04). Conclusions Local-regional control for SCC of the OC treated with IMRT with or without surgery remains unsatisfactory. Definitive and postoperative IMRT have favorable toxicity profiles. A surgery-to-RT interval of
Not Always Second Order: Subnational Elections, National-Level Vote Intentions, and Volatility Spillovers in a Multilevel Electoral System

The widespread second-order view on subnational elections leaves little room for the idea that subnational election campaigns matter for national-level electoral preferences. I challenge this perspective and explore the context-conditional role of subnational election campaigns for national-level vote intentions in multilevel systems. Campaigns direct citizens' attention to the political and economic fundamentals that determine their electoral preferences. Subnational election campaigns and the major campaign issues receive nationwide media coverage. This induces all citizens in a country to evaluate parties at the national level even if they themselves are not eligible to vote in the upcoming subnational election. Thereby, subnational election campaigns may lead to a reduction in the uncertainty of voters' national-level electoral preferences throughout the country, which is reflected by a decrease in the volatility of national-level vote intentions. I explore weekly vote intention data from Germany (1992-2007) within a conditional volatility model. Subnational elections reduce uncertainty in nationwide federal-level vote intentions for major parties. However, patterns of incumbency and coalitional shifts moderate this volatility-reducing effect.
The History and Politics of Health Care in America: From the Progressive Era to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Max J. Skidmore surveys the history and politics of the development of health care delivery in the United States, and reviews Health Care Reform and American Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know, by Lawrence R. Jacobs and Theda Skocpol. This study, by two prominent scholars of health care in America, is a detailed analysis of the process that led to adoption of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, and of the details of the Act.
Divergent syntheses of copper-indium bimetallic single-source precursors via thiolate ligand exchange.

Several copper−indium bimetallic single-source precursors (SSPs 2−9) have been prepared efficiently by exchange reactions of (Ph3P)2CuIn(SEt)4 (1) with protic ligands. This divergent approach has b...
Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH) Effects on Spinal Cord Neuronal Excitability

TRH is found in terminals in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral horns of the spinal cord and apparently has at least a weak facilitatory effect on excitability of neurons in all these locations. These findings suggest that TRH may facilitate transmission in somatosensory pathways, enhance sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord, and facilitate somatic motoneuron excitability, at least transiently. All studies that have examined TRH effects on spinal neuronal excitability have used exogenously administered TRH. Virtually nothing is known about how spinal neuronal functioning might be affected by TRH released from terminals after activation of TRH-containing cell bodies. The acquisition of this knowledge awaits the development of specific TRH antagonists. Preliminary experiments suggest that TRH may have prolonged facilitatory effects on the excitability of developing or damaged spinal cord neurons. Further studies are necessary to determine how TRH interacts with other neuroactive peptides and monoamines to affect excitability of neurons in the developing, damaged, and normal adult spinal cord.
Infrared polarization ship images and contrast in the MAPTIP experiment

Shore-based polarized infrared images of ship target and background were obtained in the MAPTIP measurement series, using vertical and horizontal polarization filters. These images have been analyzed to yield degree of polarization and polarization contrast enhancement for targets with sea and sky background Strong vertical polarization is observed in the sea surface emission near the Brewster Angle in the 8 - 12 micrometer (LWIR) band, whereas horizontal polarization due to reflection is usually dominant in the 3 - 5 micrometer (MWIR) band. Ship targets at broadside aspect show a degree of polarization less than 5%. An enhancement of contrast by up to 30% in the LWIR (less in the MWIR) is obtained by polarization suppression of sea background. The contrast enhancement in the MWIR is counteracted by the horizontal polarization of reflected sunlight.
Role of Imaging for Acute Chest Pain Syndromes

Acute chest pain suggestive of ischemic cardiac origin, with a normal or nondiagnostic electrocardiogram and negative initial cardiac markers for myocardial necrosis represent a significant diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Multiple imaging modalities play a pivotal role in early diagnosis and safe discharge of these patients. In this review, we compare the current imaging modalities available for these patients including their diagnostic accuracy, feasibility, and cost effectiveness. Acute rest myocardial perfusion imaging significantly improves the clinical outcome in these patients and reduces the overall cost when incorporated into the decision making pathway. The choice of imaging modality recommended should be based on local institutional expertise and the overall clinical presentation. The imaging modality with high diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value will provide for precise risk stratification which is important to clinical decision making, including patients who require admission to the hospital and those who can be safely discharged.
Contractile Responses of Cultured Bovine Retinal Pericytes to Angiotensin II

Objective: To document that angiotensin (ANG) II contracts cultured bovine retinal pericytes via saralasin-sensitive receptors if the cells are prerelaxed. Methods: Changes in the contractile tone were quantified as the changes in the summed length of wrinkles induced by pericytes cultured on the silicone surface. Results: Angiotensin II (10 -5 mol/L) did not increase the contractile tone of cultured pericytes that were not prerelaxed. However, when the pericytes had been prerelaxed 41% with 10 -6 -mol/L sodium nitroprusside, ANG II at the range of 10 -7 to 10 -5 mol/L caused prompt, dose-related, significant ( P -6 mol/L. This effect lasted at least 10 minutes. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin (10 -6 mol/L) abolished the contractile effect of ANG II (10 -6 mol/L), although by itself it did not affect the contractile tone. Conclusions: Angiotensin II contracts cultured pericytes through saralasin-sensitive ANG II receptors. If ANG II affects the contractile tone of pericytes in vivo, it may affect capillary caliber, resistance, and blood flow.
The starting block: enterprise (business) intelligence – evolving towards knowledge valuation

Purpose – This paper proposes a logical starting point to valuing knowledge within the context of the business enterprise.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology or approach to knowledge valuation is derived from empirical research based on a framework of intangible valuation areas (FIVA). The key valuation components of FIVA are used as the basis for the evolution of an enterprise knowledge valuation system (KVS).Findings – The findings of the paper are that, fundamental to implementing a KVS is the leveraging of the current enterprise environment, to uncover the intelligence that currently exists so as to make decisions and act on those decisions. This paper presents the first layer of a conceptual model that supports the development of a KVS that leverages the current enterprise environment and integrates existing systems development methods and techniques in its approach to KVS creation and implementation.Originality/value – The conceptual model – KVS Building Blocks – integrates fundamental typ...
FASTER MT: Isolation of Pure Populations of a and α Ascospores from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has many traits that make it useful for studies of quantitative inheritance. Genome-wide association studies and bulk segregant analyses often serve as first steps toward the identification of quantitative trait loci. These approaches benefit from having large numbers of ascospores pooled by mating type without contamination by vegetative cells. To this end, we inserted a gene encoding red fluorescent protein into the MATa locus. Red fluorescent protein expression caused MATa and a/α diploid vegetative cells and MATa ascospores to fluoresce; MATα cells without the gene did not fluoresce. Heterozygous diploids segregated fluorescent and nonfluorescent ascospores 2:2 in tetrads and bulk populations. The two populations of spores were separable by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with little cross contamination or contamination with diploid vegetative cells. This approach, which we call Fluorescent Ascospore Technique for Efficient Recovery of Mating Type (FASTER MT), should be applicable to laboratory, industrial, and undomesticated, strains.
Structure of N-myristoyltransferase with bound myristoylCoA and peptide substrate analogs

N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt) attaches myristate to the N-terminal glycine of many important eukaryotic and viral proteins. It is a target for anti-fungal and anti-viral therapy. We have determined the structure, to 2.9 A resolution, of a ternary complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nmt1p with bound myristoylCoA and peptide substrate analogs. The model reveals structural features that define the enzyme's substrate specificities and regulate the ordered binding and release of substrates and products. A novel catalytic mechanism is proposed involving deprotonation of the N-terminal ammonium of a peptide substrate by the enzyme's C-terminal backbone carboxylate.
The crystal structures of high and low clinohypersthene

Abstract The crystal structures of high ( C 2/ c ) and low ( P 2 1 / c ) monoclinic polymorphs of a natural ferrohypersthene (Mg 0.3 Fe 0.7 SiO 3 ) have been analysed from single-crystal intensity data obtained at 900° and 25°C respectively. The C -centered structure appears to be well ordered with nearly straight silicate chains and a six-coordinated M2 site. At 900°C, the space group is C 2/ c and the cell dimensions are: a = 9.869(3)A; b = 9.059(3)A; c = 5.334(2)A; β = 109.91(2)°. At room temperature, the space group is P 2 1 / c , and the cell dimensions are: a = 9.696(3); b = 8.994(3); c = 5.228(3); β = 108.60(2)°.
Synthesis of dipeptide isosteres by cross-metathesis

This work describes the attachment of two amino acid derivatives by olefin cross-metathesis using Grubbs' second generation catalyst. They were connected at the carboxyl termini. In addition, a cyclic dilactam scaffold was used, which reacted with only a fraction of the amino acid derivatives. The remaining fraction coupled directly coupled with no scaffold. This highly trans-selective double attachment resulted in the cross-metathesis of a variety of amino acids in a single reaction.
Organisational Patterns for Pragmatic Humanism in Public Schools

Abstarct This article details two conceptually discrete models of formal organisational structure. Arguments are advanced focusing upon the efficacy of each model in promoting conditions that are responsive to human needs. Following a discussion of rationales guiding the appropriate application of these models, it is concluded that traditionally organised schoolplaces militate against pupil self‐development and the maintenance of work‐related self‐esteem among members of the school's teaching staff. Organising principles are identified that spawn conditions sensitive to the needs of students and educators, and encourage community involvement in support of broad social and educational goals.
Cultural problems in psychiatric therapy: nine years later.

This article presents the clinical experiences of a unique intercultural psychiatric treatment setting in Los Angeles, California. Information regarding treatment modality and outcome is reviewed.
Interspecific and Intragenic Differences in Codon Usage Bias Among Vertebrate Myosin Heavy-Chain Genes

Synonymous codon usage bias is a broadly observed phenomenon in bacteria, plants, and invertebrates and may result from selection. However, the role of selective pressures in shaping codon bias is still controversial in vertebrates, particularly for mammals. The myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) gene family comprises multiple isoforms of the major force-producing contractile protein in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Slow and fast genes are tandemly arrayed on separate chromosomes, and have distinct patterns of functionality and expression in muscle. We analyze both full-length MyHC genes (~5400 bp) and a larger collection of partial sequences at the 3′ end (~500 bp). The MyHC isoforms are an interesting system in which to study codon usage bias because of their length, expression, and critical importance to organismal mobility. Codon bias and GC content differs among MyHC genes with regards to functional type, isoform, and position within the gene. Codon bias even varies by isoform within a species. We find evidence in favor of both chromosomal influences on nucleotide composition and selection against nonsense errors (SANE) acting on codon usage in MyHC genes. Intragenic variation in codon bias and elongation rate is significant, with a strong trend for increasing codon bias and elongation rate towards the 3′ end of the gene, although the trend is dependent upon the degeneracy class of the codons. Therefore, patterns of codon usage in MyHC genes are consistent with models supporting SANE as a major force shaping codon usage.
A simple sum rule for total radiative decay rates in diatomics

Abstract The quantity (ν 3 μ e 2 ), which occurs in expressions for the total radiative decay rate for an excited vibronic state of a diatomic, is evaluated as a simple expectation value for the initial state. In test calculations this expectation value agrees with the exact sum over states within ≈0.2%.
Seasonal cycles of reserves in relation to reproduction in Sebastes

Seasonal cycles of reserve deposition and utilization in many fishes, amphibians and reptiles alleviate temporal mismatches of energy supply and demand. Utilization of reserves can be related to maintenance during periods of reduced food supply, to reproduction, particularly during periods of poor food availability, and to migration. Published data on the seasonal cycles of reserves and reproduction inSebastes suggest that reserves are important for maintenance during wintertime periods of low food availability. Unlike many other ectothermic vertebrates, some species ofSebastes deposit fat reserves at the same time as gametogenesis, a pattern consistent with the longevity and iteroparity evident in the genus. Other species ofSebastes have similar seasonal timing of fat cycles, but since reproduction takes place later in the year, the decline in reserves during winter coincides with the main period of reproductive activity. The significance of this is not clear. Interspecific differences in amounts of reserves may be related to geographical differences in the seasonality or abundance of food. Intraspecific variation in reserves, marked most strongly by allometry of reserves with regard to fish legth, bears further study, since it may link the proces of sexual maturation and the responses of repeat spawners to variability in food supply and other environmental factors.
Quiste de vesícula seminal con agenesia renal asociado a malformaciones vasculares: Presentación de un caso

Resumen es: Objetivo: Presentamos un caso de malformacion quistica de vesicula seminal con agenesia renal ipsilateral asociada a alteraciones vasculares en aorta y c...
Nano-magnetite catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of emerging contaminants carbamazepine and ibuprofen in aqueous suspensions and montmorillonite clay slurries at neutral pH

Abstract The widespread occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment has prompted great concern due to their potential impacts on wildlife and humans. The degradation of two of the most commonly detected PhACs, carbamazepine (CBZ) and ibuprofen (IBP), was investigated by a nano-magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in aqueous suspensions of nano-Fe 3 O 4 in the absence and presence of montmorillonite clay. Experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of important factors. The results showed that hydroxyl radical ( OH) formation by the heterogeneous decomposition of H 2 O 2 on the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle surface ( OH ss ) plays the dominant role in CBZ and IBP degradation at neutral pH. The degradation of CBZ and IBP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the degradation rate constants ( k ) in aqueous suspensions were 0.182 and 0.121 h −1 , respectively. In addition, significant adsorption of CBZ to the montmorillonite clay occurs at neutral pH, while IBP is not adsorbed, due to electrostatic repulsion. As a result, an inhibition effect of adsorption on the degradation of CBZ ( k CBZ = 0.127 h −1 ) in clay slurry was observed, but not for IBP degradation ( k IBP = 0.202 h −1 ). The major intermediates, identified by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed LC–MS analysis, included hydroxy-CBZs, dihydroxy-CBZs, CBZ-10,11-diol, and hydroxy-CBZ-10,11-diols in CBZ degradation; and hydroxy-IBPs, dihydroxy-IBPs, trihydroxy-IBPs, tetrahydroxy-IBPs, 4-isobutylacetophenone and 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol in IBP degradation. The possible pathways of CBZ and IBP degradation were proposed based on the identified intermediates.
An Empirical Analysis of the Public's Attitude Toward Legal Services Advertising

The purpose of this study was to determine (a) consumers’ attitudes toward advertising by lawyers and (b) whether age, occupation, income, education, or sex of the consumer accounted for any significant difference in attitude toward lawyers who advertise. It was our intent to discover information through this study that would be useful to lawyers in planning marketing strategies and improving the quality of their advertising.
Standardization and validation of the visual analog mood scales

Abstract The Visual Analog Mood Scales (VAMS) have recently been developed to better understand and assess mood disturbance in neurologically impaired patients who, because of communication and cognitive deficits, cannot complete more lengthy, verbally demanding measures of mood states. In the present study, normative data from age-, gender- and race-stratified general adult (n = 400) and geriatric (n = 175) standardization samples are presented. In addition, validation evidence for the VAMS, using a multitrait, multimethod paradigm, is reported and the underlying content structure of VAMS items, using principal components analysis, is presented. The VAMS scores correlated significantly (r's ranging from .55 to 30) with other measures of mood disturbance. Principal components analysis resulted in a two-component solution, which was labeled “Negative Mood” and “Energy”. The VAMS appear to be brief, easily administered, and valid measures of mood states. The normative data presented allow for improved inter...
A hybrid process for forming thin-walled magnesium parts

Weight reduction is one of the primary concerns in the automotive and electrical industries. As the lightest metal, magnesium is attracting more and more interests from both the industrial and academia researches. Conventionally, magnesium alloys are formed at elevated temperatures, at which thermally improved formability is sensitive to temperature and strain rate. Due to limitations in forming speeds, tooling strength and narrow processing windows, complex thin-walled parts cannot be made by traditional warm drawing or hot forging processes. A hybrid process, based on deformation mechanism at elevated temperature, is proposed that combines the warm drawing and hot forging modes to produce an aggressive geometry at acceptable forming speed. Process parameters, such as temperatures, forming speeds, etc., are determined by FEM modeling and simulation. Sensitivity analysis under the constraint of forming limits of Mg alloy sheet material and the strength of tooling material is carried out. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a conical geometry with thin walls, and with bottom features. Results show that designed geometry can be formed in about 8 s. This cannot be formed by conventional forging while around 1000 s is required for warm drawing. This process is being further investigated through controlled experiments.
Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and nuclear imaging studies of 111In-labeled rGel/BLyS fusion toxin in SCID mice bearing B cell lymphoma.

We examined the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 111In-labeled rGel/BLyS, a gelonin toxin (rGel)–B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) fusion protein. rGel/BLyS was labeled with In-111 through DTPA with a labeling efficiency >95%. Biodistribution/imaging studies were obtained in severe-combined immunodeficiency mice bearing diffuse large B cell lymphoma OCI-Ly10. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in BALB/c mice. In vitro, DTPA-conjugated rGel/BLyS displayed selective cytotoxicity against OCI-Ly10 cells and mantle cell lymphoma JeKo cells. In vivo, rGel/BLyS exhibited a tri-exponential disposition with a rapid initial mean distribution followed by an extensive mean distribution and a long terminal elimination phase. At 48 h after injection, uptake of the radiotracer in tumors was 1.25 %ID/g, with a tumor-to-blood ratio of 13. Tumors were clearly visualized at 24–72 h post-injection. Micro-SPECT–CT images and ex vivo analyses confirmed the accumulation of rGel/BLyS in OCI-Ly10 tumors. 111In-DTPA–rGel/BLyS are distributed to B cell tumors and induce apoptosis in tumors. Preclinical antitumor studies using rGel/BLyS should use a twice-per-week treatment schedule.
Affinity of guanosine derivatives for polycytidylate revisited

Evidence is presented for complexation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate 2-methylimidazolide (2-MeImpG) with polycytidylate (poly(C)) at pH 8.0 and 23 degrees C in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl2 and 0.2 M MgCl2 in water. The association of 2-MeImpG with poly(C) was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy as well as by monitoring the kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the imidazole moiety by amines. The results of both methods are consistent with moderately strong poly(C) 2-MeImpG complexation and the spectrophotometric measurements allowed the construction of a binding isotherm with a concentration of 2-MeImpG equal to 5.55 +/- 0.15 mM at half occupancy. UV spectroscopy was employed to establish the binding of other guanosine derivatives on poly(C). These derivatives are guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'GMP), guanosine 5'-monophosphate imidazolide (ImpG), and guanosine 5'-monophosphate morpholidate (morpG). Within experimental error these guanosine derivatives exhibit the same affinity for poly(C) as 2-MeImpG.
Potentiostatic polarization studies on platinum, gold and rhodium oxygen electrodes☆

Abstract Potentiostatic polarization measurements have been made on platinum, gold and rhodium oxygen electrodes in acid solutions. The thin films of adsorbed oxygen atoms on these electrodes are good electronic conductors. The film of Au2O3, on Au is a poor electronic conductor, and the Au/Au2O3 electrode is a true metal/metal-oxide electrode system with E° of 1.36 V (nhe). Evidence presented favours the contention that oxygen is adsorbed on gold, possibly in only small amounts, in the potential range of 900–1300 mV (nhe). With anodic polarization of Pt, some Pt-O sites are converted to PtO2 sites. It appears that anodic polarization of a Rh/O2, electrode produces an alloy of Rh and O atoms by dissolution of the oxygen in the first few surface layers of the Rh metal.
A lipid-associated sulfated proteoglycan from Nereis coelomic fluid is a hemagglutinin

Abstract 1. 1. A high molecular weight (HMW) component of Nereis coelomic fluid supernatant agglutinates rabbit > rat > green monkey > chicken erythrocytes (RBC) but not RBC from ten other species. 2. 2. This activity is partially sensitive to heat and phenol, but insensitive to divalent cations, periodate or proteases. 3. 3. It is in inhibited by fetuin > bovine submaxillary mucin. 4. 4. HMW can be heated and delipidated to give a less active agglutinin (DL-HHMW) which contains sulfate and equal amounts of uronic acid and hexosamine and gives a metachromatic response with dimethylmethylene blue in guanidinium chloride. 5. 5. DL-HHMW has i.r. bands at 1243, 899 and 813 cm −1 suggesting it has a C 6 O-sulfate. 6. 6. HMW appears to be a lipid-associated sulfated proteolgycan.
Tifway Bermudagrass Response To Potassium Fertilization

Potassium fertilization rates used for Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] vary greatly among turfgrass managers and there is no consensus as to the actual quantity required or as to the best Potassium (K) source to use. Effects of K source and rate on Tifway bermudagrass shoot and root growth, quality and tissue K concentration were studied in a 3-yr field study in Central Florida. Turf was grown on an Arredondo fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Grossarenic Paleudult). Two K sources (KCI and K 2 SO 4 ) were applied at 8 rates (0, 3.7, 7.4, 9.8, 14.7, 22, 29.4, and 36.8 g K m -2 90 d -1 ) in conjunction with N applied monthly at 4.9 g m -2 . Potassium chloride produced a more rapid shoot growth than did K 2 SO 4 , but this effect may be linked to the N source. Bermudagrass shoot growth rate and tissue K concentrations were increased by K fertilization up to 7.4 g K m -2 90 d -1 . There was no additional increases in either of the aforementioned parameters, regardless of the K level applied. Turfgrass quality and root weight were not influenced by K application. Greater root weight was observed during May, June, and July than August, September, and October. Observed turfgrass growth responses to Mehlich-1 extractable K levels suggest that 30 mg K kg -1 soil may be adequate for optimum growth. For an N application rate of 4.9 g m -2 mo -1 , K fertilization levels above 9.8 g K m - 90 d -1 probably will not enhance Tifway bermudagrass shoot and root growth, quality, or tissue K concentration.
Glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies: new developments and emerging data

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by an inexorable decline in β-cell function. Current treatments fail to manage this continued β-cell failure, and eventually patients with type 2 diabetes will require insulin therapy. The ‘ideal’ therapy for type 2 diabetes needs to provide not only effective glycaemic control with no weight gain and preferably, no hypoglycaemia, but also address continued β-cell deterioration. The development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapies provides an alternative to traditional oral antidiabetic drugs. Here, we present the evidence base showing that the incretin mimetics (exenatide, exenatide long-acting release and liraglutide) and the incretin enhancers (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) offer significant glycaemic improvements over existing treatments, with low rates of hypoglycaemia. In addition, we present evidence to show that incretin mimetics are associated with significant weight loss, in contrast to incretin enhancers, which are weight neutral. Finally, we summarize and discuss the key features of the incretin enhancers and incretin mimetics in terms of glycaemic control, side effects and flexibility of treatment regimen.
Contexts and behavioral correlates of trill vocalizations in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus).

Primate vocalizations that appear to occur independently of specific contexts typically are considered to be contact calls. However, results from several recent studies indicate that these calls function to facilitate social interactions. White-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) emit a high-frequency vocalization, termed a "trill," in social interactions and during travel. In this study, immatures emitted most trills, but adult females also trilled; by contrast, adult males rarely trilled. Infants emitted the majority of trills, and they trilled at significantly higher rates than adult females. Infants trilled most when approaching other individuals. Furthermore, infants emitted proportionately more trills than other age classes when approaching other individuals. I therefore focused on the detailed context and immediate behavioral correlates of trilling by infants. Infants that trilled when approaching others tended to interact affiliatively with them subsequently (i.e., climbing on, touching, receiving grooming, and performing food inspection) more than infants that did not trill when approaching. Therefore, infant trilling may have had an immediate effect on the recipient's behavior.
High speed DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis

A major challenge of the Human Genome Initiative is the development of a rapid, accurate, and efficient DNA sequencing technology. A major limitation of current technology is the relatively long time required to perform the gel electrophoretic separations of DNA fragments produced in the sequencing reactions. We demonstrate here that it is possible to increase the speed of sequence analysis by over an order of magnitude by performing the electrophoresis and detection in ultra thin capillary gels. An instrument which utilizes these high speed separations to simultaneously analyze many samples will constitute a second generation automated DNA sequencer suitable for large-scale sequence analysis.
A Newton waveform relaxation algorithm for circuit simulation

A novel algorithm, called Newton waveform relaxation, for solving large differential algebraic systems which arise from circuit simulation is discussed. It will be compared to waveform relaxation, waveform relaxation Newton (WRN), and direct methods. This approach has been implemented as a SPICE level circuit simulator called WCAzM (waveform circuit analyzer with macromodeling) and was found to be as much as three times faster than a direct method and always faster than WRN for the circuits benchmarked. Furthermore it was found that the number of model evaluations required by WCAzM was as much as seven times smaller than a direct method. These numbers indicate that further improvements in speed can be made. >
Spatial Patterns in Residential Burglary Assessing the Effect of Neighborhood Social Capital

In this study, the author tests the significance of several concepts as predictors of neighborhood burglary rates using multivariate regression and spatial analysis techniques. The characteristics the author investigates have been identified by studies on the social ecology of crime and by more recent research evaluating community-oriented policing. He draws heavily from recent work by Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls as well as others who have advanced the social disorganization theory of crime. This perspective views the presence of “community” as a key factor that helps maintain order in neighborhoods, even in the presence of structural criminogenic conditions such as concentrated poverty.
A multiple-input DC-DC converter topology

A new topology for multiple energy source conversion is presented. The topology is capable of interfacing sources of different voltage-current characteristics to a common load, while achieving a low part count. A fixed frequency switching strategy is investigated and the resulting operating modes are analyzed. The analysis is verified by experimentation. The results show that the converter is an enabling technology for power diversification and optimization.
Horizontally transferred genes in plant-parasitic nematodes: a high-throughput genomic approach

Background: Published accounts of horizontally acquired genes in plant-parasitic nematodes have not been the result of a specific search for gene transfer per se, but rather have emerged from characterization of individual genes. We present a method for a high-throughput genome screen for horizontally acquired genes, illustrated using expressed sequence tag (EST) data from three species of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne species. Results: Our approach identified the previously postulated horizontally transferred genes and revealed six new candidates. Screening was partially dependent on sequence quality, with more candidates identified from clustered sequences than from raw EST data. Computational and experimental methods verified the horizontal gene transfer candidates as bona fide nematode genes. Phylogenetic analysis implicated rhizobial ancestors as donors of horizontally acquired genes in Meloidogyne. Conclusions: High-throughput genomic screening is an effective way to identify horizontal gene transfer candidates. Transferred genes that have undergone amelioration of nucleotide composition and codon bias have been identified using this approach. Analysis of these horizontally transferred gene candidates suggests a link between horizontally transferred genes in Meloidogyne and parasitism.
Testing ATM systems

Asynchronous transfer mode systems are noteworthy for their ability to transport different types of data over a variety of media and to do so at high speed. Their speed and flexibility, however, make ATM systems hard to test. The author describes how the high bandwidth and unusual flexibility that make the asynchronous transfer mode so attractive also raise barriers to testing it. >
Significance of timing for the postcoital evaluation of cervical mucus

This investigation was designed to determine the role of cervical mucus in the dynamic in vivo distirbution of transported spermatozia in the human reproductive tract. Forty-two normal subjects had midcycle cervical mucus collection at various times after insemination. Sperm were identified in the cervical mucus at the level of the internal as shortly after insemination. The numbers of sperm in cervical mucus were directly related to the numbers of sperm in the inseminate and were related to time from insemenation. In order to obtain optimal information, the postcoital examination for the presence of sperm should be performed within two and one-half hours after semen exposure. It was also determined that cervical mucus does serve as a reservoir for those sperm which are transported to the Fallopian tubes.
Automatic model initialization for real-time decision support

The research presented in this paper reports on a shop-floor simulation interface (SFSI) which utilizes an integrated bar code-based data acquisition system to improve the real-time performance of an existing simulation-based decision support system and expand its capabilities to shop-floor monitoring and prediction. SFSI utilizes the data acquisition system to detect any shop-floor problem, and to update and initialize simulation models to the current shop-floor status. SFSI can process the simulation model, determine its initial conditions' requirements, retrieve the required information from the data acquisition system, and update the simulation model. This allows the simulation to start with exact current system conditions eliminating the need for time consuming warm-up periods, thus improving the system's accuracy and real-time performance.
Senatorial Discourtesy: The Senate's Use of Delay to Shape the Federal Judiciary:

Legislators have long recognized that delaying tactics are powerful tools for preventing the passage of laws they deem unsatisfactory. Because the U.S. Congress has several deadlines built into its session, when committee chairmen or individual members delay the scheduling of hearings, markups, or executive business meetings, it can have a devastating effect on pending legislation. The tactic of delay is now being used by the Senate Judiciary Committee and individual senators to stall confirmation of the President's judicial nominations. Since 1996, the average length of time between an individuals nomination to serve as a federal judge and the time that he or she is confirmed has increased dramatically At the same time, some nominations still proceed very quickly through the confirmation process. This article explores the question of why some nominees are subjected to lengthy delays, while others move through the Senate confirmation process in a matter of days. Specifically, it explores the impact of div...
Interleukin-8: a very important chemokine of the human airway epithelium

in the last two and a half decades,there has been an explosion of interest in a group of chemotactic cytokines that have chemotactic activity for leukocytes, now known as chemokines. Indeed, there have been more than 16,000 publications related to chemokines since 1975. The human chemokine families
Filling Gaps in the Acculturation Gap-Distress Model: Heritage Cultural Maintenance and Adjustment in Mexican-American Families.

The acculturation gap-distress model purports that immigrant children acculturate faster than do their parents, resulting in an acculturation gap that leads to family and youth maladjustment. However, empirical support for the acculturation gap-distress model has been inconclusive. In the current study, 428 Mexican–American adolescents (50.2 % female) and their primary caregivers independently completed questionnaires assessing their levels of American and Mexican cultural orientation, family functioning, and youth adjustment. Contrary to the acculturation gap-distress model, acculturation gaps were not associated with poorer family or youth functioning. Rather, adolescents with higher levels of Mexican cultural orientations showed positive outcomes, regardless of their parents’ orientations to either American or Mexican cultures. Findings suggest that youths’ heritage cultural maintenance may be most important for their adjustment.
Devil is in the Details of Paulson's Rescue Plan

US treasury secretary Mr. Paulson has proposed a bold plan to rescue the world financial system, which involves a taxpayer bailout of over $700 Billion. The Wall Street investment banks are disappearing and unbelievable changes occurring are somewhat similar to the great depression. This short paper suggests four important changes to specific sections of the Paulson proposal intended to provide better checks and balances. (1) Limits on compensation, (2) Caps on purchase price of assets, (3) Preventing abuses by service providers and (4) Preventing conflicts of interest. The amendments (3) and (4) are not much mentioned in the financial press, but are crucial. These safeguards allow a solution closer to what Sweden did in the 1992 Banking crisis, with a near zero cost to the taxpayer. I identify four classes of 'winners' who benefited from the billions lost by investors in Banks and brokerages in recent weeks which includes bonus-earning employees and sub-prime borrowers who enjoyed the pleasures of home-ownership for a while. Clearly any winners should not be allowed to share the $700B bailout funds.
A Comment on 'The Constitutional Law and Politics of Reproductive Rights'

This paper is based on a talk that was given in June 2010 at the 20th annual conference of University Faculty for Life. The paper offers a commentary on recent scholarship relating to abortion.One of the most interesting things about current legal scholarship is the continuing flow of articles reevaluating Roe v. Wade. For example, in 2009, the Yale Law Journal published several essays from a conference that dealt with “The Constitutional Law and Politics of Reproductive Rights.” These essays were all from the perspective of those favoring abortion rights. I think these articles are quite instructive, and that pro-life scholars can learn a great deal from reading this scholarship. This paper reflects upon the principal lessons revealed through a careful reading of this scholarship. The articles indicate that Roe and Casey are still in play; these cases are not a settled part of the legal landscape. The articles, which typically suggest that the current law only protects a rather modest right to an abortion, also indicate that there is a continuing need to accurately describe the current legal situation. There is also a need to continue to focus on the harms of abortion — the harm to the unborn, of course, but also the harm to women. The articles also reflect a desire to move away from a focus on the courts. I think that is a sign of weakness for pro-choice academics but it also reflects the importance of trying to promote a culture of life while at the same time trying to change the law. There has of course been progress in both areas. The pro-life legal movement has made modest and important gains over the last two decades and there is an increasing pro-life sentiment in the broader culture. In sum, reflecting upon these articles leaves me with a sense of optimism about the long range objective of building a culture of life.
Arrestins come of age: a personal historical perspective

Visual arrestin and the two β-arrestins (1 and 2) were originally discovered 25-30 years ago in the context of their ability to desensitize phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (rhodopsin and the β2-adrenergic receptor, respectively). A fourth retinal-specific member of the family (X-arrestin) was discovered later. Over the past 10-15 years, however, it has become clear that these versatile molecules subserve a host of other roles in modulating and mediating the function of most GPCRs as well as other types of receptors. Functioning as multifunctional adaptor proteins, the β-arrestins also play prominent roles in receptor endocytosis, signaling, trafficking, and ubiquitination among others. Here, I provide a brief personal perspective on how the field has evolved since its inception and speculate on future directions.
TEMPORAL TRENDS AND CLINICAL CORRELATES OF ICD IMPLANTATION AMONGST PATIENTS ACTIVELY LISTED FOR HEART TRANSPLANTATION

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation between listing and heart transplantation (HT) is associated with improved rates of survival to transplantation. We examined the temporal trends and clinical correlates of ICD implantation practices amongst HT candidates who do not have ICDs