cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on broiler chickens

The effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the physiology of 3-wk-old broiler chickens were studied at 12, 24, and 48 h after a single intravenous injection of saline or LPS. Lipopolysaccharide elevated cloacal temperature by 3 h after injection, induced a diuretic response, and decreased BW gain. An increase in the relative liver weight was evident in LPS-treated birds at all time intervals, whereas a decrease in the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was observed only at the 48-h time point. The plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and the blood heterophil concentrations were elevated at 12 and 24 h following LPS administration. These changes were not observed in control chickens or in LPS-treated chickens at 48 h. A decrease in the blood glucose concentration in LPS-treated birds at 12 h was accompanied by an elevation in the blood phosphate level. An increase in total plasma protein concentration was observed only at 24 and 48 h after LPS treatment. Comparative SDS-PAGE analysis of plasma proteins from these birds under nonreducing conditions showed some quantitative differences in four bands of proteins between saline and LPS-treated chickens. A protein corresponding to an approximate molecular weight (MW) of 65 kDa increased in LPS-treated chickens, and three other proteins with MW of approximately 39, 49, and 56 kDa showed reductions in concentration compared with saline-treated controls. These results show that LPS induces a number of physiological changes that may be responsible for the regulation of the acute phase response in chickens.
Family Study of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The clinical history, deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 and properdin at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) of clinically normal skin, serum ANA, DNA-binding, C3, C4, Factor B, and properdin were compared in 27 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) probands, 21 first-degree household contact relatives (FDHCR), 19 first-degree nonhousehold contact relatives (FDNHCR), 15 spouses, 26 controls, and 16 chronic discoid lungs lupus erythematosus patients. Female consanguineous relatives of SLE patients had a higher incidence of rheumatic symptoms than male relatives (P less than 0.01). Female FDHCR and male spouses had a higher incidence of protein deposition at the DEJ than sex-matched controls (P = 0.026 and 0.0028). The incidence of protein deposition at the DEJ in FDNHCR did not differ from sex-matched controls. ANA titers of the consanguineous relatives were significantly higher than those of the spouses or sex-matched controls irrespective of household contact with their proband. The observation of protein deposition at the DEJ in normal appearing skin of FDHCR and spouses suggests the importance of environmental factors, whereas the elevations of ANA titers in consanguineous relatives suggests the importance of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Management of Malignant Esophagorespiratory Fistula

Esophagorespiratory communication developed in 46 patients among 570 with esophageal cancer. Therapy was basically palliative and aimed at mechanical interruption of the fistula, restoration of esophageal continuity, and avoidance of external tubes and appliances. Supportive therapy, gastrostomy, tracheostomy, and esophageal exclusion and diversion procedures resulted in little prolongation of life and poor palliation of the patient. Permanent endoesophageal intubation with tubes of the Celestin variety resulted in best palliation with minimal operative risk for most terminal patients. Colon bypass and occasional resection can accomplish the same goal and possibly provide long-term survival in good-risk, young patients with small tumors.
Elongation factor 1Bγ (eEF1Bγ) expression during the molting cycle and cold acclimation in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1Bγ (eEF1Bγ) is a subunit of elongation factor 1 (EF1), which regulates the recruitment of amino acyl-tRNAs to the ribosome during protein synthesis in eukaryotes. In addition to structural roles within eEF1, eEF1Bγ has properties which suggest sensory or regulatory activities. We have cloned eEF1Bγ from axial abdominal muscle of freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. The predicted amino acid sequence has 66% identity to Locusta migratoria eEF1Bγ and 65% identity to Artemia salina eEF1Bγ. We measured eEF1Bγ expression by real-time PCR, using the relative quantification method with 18s ribosomal RNA as an internal calibrator. eEF1Bγ expression was lowest in gill, axial abdominal muscle, and hepatopancreas, and was highest in the antennal gland (5.7-fold above hepatopancreas) and cardiac muscle (7.8-fold above hepatopancreas). In axial abdominal muscle, eEF1Bγ expression was 4.4-fold higher in premolt and 11.9 higher in postmolt compared to intermolt. In contrast, eEF1Bγ was decreased or unchanged in epithelial tissues during pre- and postmolt. eEF1Bγ expression in the hepatopancreas was 3.5-fold higher during intermolt compared to premolt and was unchanged in gill and antennal gland. No significant differences in eEF1Bγ were found after 1 week of acclimation to 4 °C. These results show that eEF1Bγ is regulated at the mRNA level with tissue-specific differences in expression patterns.
Class I MHC molecules as probes of membrane patchiness: from biophysical measurements to modulation of immune responses

Here I summarize decades of work using the biophysics of class I MHC molecules to probe the patchiness and heterogeneity of cell surfaces. This program began as a study of membranes generally. MHC molecules were a convenient probe. However, in recent years, it has become clear that the lateral distribution, clustering, of class I MHC molecules in the membrane affects their recognition by effector CTL. This offers the possibility of enhancing or reducing T-cell recognition of targets by altering the clustering of their membrane proteins.
What is new in pediatric cardiology.

Enormous advances in the diagnosis and management of heart disease in pediatric patient have taken place during the last-four decades. In this review the authors will concentrate on the developments within the last five to ten years. It will deal with what may be called medical advances. Recent advances in molecular genetics and defining the familial patterns have led to finding that certain genetic and molecular factors are linked to congenital heart disease and arrythmia, thus providing opportunity for improved genetic counseling and future gene therapy. Medical treatment of congenital heart disease targets not only the augmentation of ventricular contractility (positive inotropy) but also addresses the neuro-humoral derangement associated with it. The ultrasound technology for the evaluation of the heart has come a long way from the early A — mode and M-mode capabilities to color Doppler, 2-dimentional and 3-dimentional capabilities.
Primary Lymphosarcoma of the Lung

SUMMARY Three patients with primary lymphosarcoma of the lung have been presented. From this small series one would believe that the prognosis in resectable pulmonary lymphosarcoma is more promising than bronchiogenic carcinoma. The extent of resection must depend on the location of the lesion and age of the patient. There are varying views on the use of roentgen therapy. Some feel it should always be used, while others use it only for recurring lesions.
Tag constructions: structure and function in child discourse*

A distinction has been drawn between tag questions which occur within the same temporally defined turn and those in a second turn by the same speaker. A TAG CONSTRUCTION has been defined as a MATRIX CLAUSE (any syntax) and a TAG FORM (reduced interrogative in elliptical constructions; or interrogative expression in stereotypical constructions) produced WITHIN THE SAME TURN. The discoursal functions of tag constructions include requests for information, agreement, permission, compliance, responsiveness and attention. Although stereotypical tag constructions emerge earlier in development than elliptical tag constructions, from the beginning stereotypical tag constructions perform the same discoursal functions as the grammatically more complex elliptical constructions as well as additional ones. Tag constructions are less effective than canonical questions in obtaining turn transfers. This relative ineffectiveness may be due to either the post-positioned clearance signal or the fact that the listener feels less compelled to respond when the speaker seems to have an expectation as to what the response to the request should be.
Properties of the S-3 iron-sulphur centre of succinate dehydrogenase in the intact respiratory chain of beef heart mitochondria.

; this new species is paramagnetic in the oxidised form as are the bacterial high potential iron-sulphur proteins (Hipip [2]). This new iron-sulphur protein exhibits an EPR signal centred at g = 2.01 with a peak to peak width of approximately 25 gauss. A similar EPR signal was detected in the succinate-ubiquinone (UQ) reductase (Complex II [3]), in an equimolar concentration to that of flavin [4]. This signal was, however, not initially detected [4] in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) preparation, which contained the same content of non-haem iron and acid labile sulphide per flavin as Complex II, but was not reconstitutively active. Subsequently this Hipip-type iron-sulphur centre was found to become extremely labile towards oxygen upon removal of the dehydro- genase from the mitochondrial membrane. Thus, resonance absorbance of a Hipip-type iron-sulphur centre is detectable only in the reconstitutively active SDH preparation [.5]. This Hipip-type iron- sulphur centre, present in the succinate dehydro- genase, was designated as Centre S-3, following Centres S-l and S-2 (two ferredoxin type iron-sulphur centres previously identified in the succinate dehy- drogenase [ 51). More recently it has been shown that intact mitochondria contain two different ‘Hipip’type species (paramagnetic in the oxidised form); these species can be distinguished by their temperature and micropower saturation profiles and the absence of one of the species from sub-mitochon- drial particle preparations [6]. Of the two ‘Hipip’ species only that which is present in submitochondrial
Catalytic hydrogenation of heterocyclic compounds.(II). Bond isomerization and hyperstability

Abstract Bond isomerization is common during catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Recent studies have focused on examining alkenes that reduce only with great difficulty. The concept of hyperstability has been used to account for the observed non-reactivity. In this work we examine both problems and suggest an explanation to account for hyperstability.
Hydrogen storage in organometallic structures grafted on silsesquioxanes

Using density functional theory we show that a recently synthesized silsesquioxanes (SQ) nano complex [RSiO3/2]n with R = −C5H5 provides a novel material for hydrogen storage. Grafting cyclopentadienyl on SQ totally changes its electronic structure and chemistry: cyclopentadienyl becomes a reactive site where a transition metal atom (e.g., Sc) can be doped to serve as an effective adsorption site for hydrogen molecules. This nano complex has the following advantages: (1) The storage capacity in the fully grafted case is 5 wt % where hydrogen is bound molecularly with a binding energy of about 0.6 eV/H2 molecule. (2) The structure of SQ itself is stable. Our study shows for the first time that the functionalized SQ complexes can be an effective and practical material for hydrogen storage.
Toward A General Understanding of Parity and War

Questions about the relationship between power distribution and war have been a major focus of empirical research in international relations for decades. Thus far no consistent relationship has been uncovered at the systemic level. At the dyadic level of analysis, however, many independent studies suggest a relationship between power parity and war. One conceptual framework, power transition theory, is consistent with this evidence. However, power transition theory is unduly limited by an exclusive focus on the power and conflict relations of the very strongest of states. The present effort attempts to generalize power transition theory so that the power and conflict relations of minor powers can be included within its empirical domain. The extension involves the introduction of a Multiple Hierarchy Model. This multiple hierarchy model is discussed conceptually, empirical evaluations are reviewed, and its implications for a general understanding of power and conflict relations are assessed.
Atomic-scale computations of the lattice contribution to thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract The lattice contribution to thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes with three different screw symmetry (chirality) is studied using the Green–Kubo relation from linear response theory and molecular dynamics based thermal current auto-correlation functions. The interactions between carbon atoms are analyzed using the Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential. The results obtained show that, due to an exponential-decay character of the long-time thermal current auto-correlation functions, quite accurate lattice thermal conductivities can be obtained using computational cells considerably smaller than the phonon mean free path. In addition, the computed lattice contributions to thermal conductivities are found to agree within a factor of two with their counterparts obtained using the Boltzmann transport equation. Also, chirality is found to affect lattice thermal conductivity by as much as 20%.
American and Danish police “dropout” rates: Denmark's force as a case study in high job satisfaction, low stress, and low turnover

Abstract An excessive “dropout” rate among police officers—quitting prior to normal retirement—wastes resources and may result in a low level of experience. Denmark's police force appears to be a case study in low turnover and may provide valuable insights. A primarily qualitative analysis contends that factors related to Danish culture and police practices produce relatively low stress and high “need fulfillment” for Danish officers in comparison with their counterparts in typical U.S. police departments—variables previously found related to low turnover. Results of a mail questionnaire show rates of early leaving (prior to retirement) notably lower for the Danish police than for a U.S. national sample of 87 police departments in large cities, and a special subsample of 39 small-city departments in California. Qualifications and implications are discussed.
Progesterone attenuates oestrogen neuroprotection via downregulation of oestrogen receptor expression in cultured neurones

Recent findings indicate that progesterone can attenuate the beneficial neural effects of oestrogen. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that progesterone can modulate oestrogen actions by regulating the expression and activity of oestrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta. Our studies in cultured neurones demonstrate that progesterone decreases the expression of both ERalpha and ERbeta and, as a consequence, also reduces both ER-dependent transcriptional activity and neuroprotection. These results identify a potential mechanism by which progesterone antagonises neural oestrogen actions, a finding that may have important implications for hormone therapy in postmenopausal women.
p53 down-regulates ER-responsive genes by interfering with the binding of ER to ERE.

Abstract Overexpression of the tumor suppressor p53 in HeLa cells leads to loss of the estradiol- and genistein-induced human estrogen receptor (ERα) transactivity. The coactivator p300, which binds to both ERα and p53, does not prevent this loss of hERα function. In this report we demonstrate that p53 physically binds to multiple domains of the hERα. This binding did not interfere with either the ERα dimerization or the interaction between hERα and its coactivator SRC-1. However, p53 did interfere with the hERα-ERE binding. These results may explain how p53 down-regulates the expression of some estrogen-responsive genes such as c-fos, c-jun, TPA, and bcl-2. This study supports the cross-talk between the p53 and the ERα signaling pathways.
The Implications of Developmentally Appropriate Practice for the Kindergarten General Music Classroom

The purpose of this study was to examine the implications of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) for the kindergarten general music classroom. Ethnographic procedures (classroom observations, interviews, and artifact collection) were used to collect data in three kindergarten music classrooms throughout an academic year. Data were coded using five global dimensions of DAP (creating a caring community of learners, teaching to enhance development and understanding, constructing appropriate curriculum, assessing children's development and learning, and establishing reciprocal relationships with families), as published by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Findings included practices congruent with DAP such as engagement as co-learners, inclusion of children's requests, inclusion of play, adjustment to individual needs, assessment in authentic contexts, and respect for family contexts. Incongruent practices included favoritism, lack of response to developmental needs,...
Seismic anisotropy in the top 400 km of the inner core beneath the ''eastern'' hemisphere

[1] Depth variation in seismic anisotropy at the top 400 km of the inner core beneath the ‘‘eastern’’ hemisphere is investigated by comparing the differential travel times of PKP phases recorded at distances from 127to 160. At distances less than about 150, there isnonoticeable differencein differential traveltimesforPKPphases samplingboththepolarandtheequatorialpaths.Atgreaterdistances, however, PKIKP phases arrive systematically earlier (about 0 0.5 second) in the polar path than in the equatorial path. These observations suggest that, in the ‘‘eastern’’ hemisphere, seismic anisotropy existsonlyin depthsgreaterthanabout200km belowthe inner core boundary (ICB) with seismic velocities along the polar paths (an average of 27.6 from the earth’s spin axis) being 0.4% faster than those along the equatorial paths. INDEX TERMS: 7207 Seismology: Core and mantle; 7203 Seismology: Body wave propagation; 8115 Tectonophysics: Core processes (1507)
Renal failure in haemorrhagic shock in dogs: salutary effects of the calcium entry blocker felodipine.

The efficacy of felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker to restore renal function was investigated in Wiggers model of haemorrhagic shock. Mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and subjected to haemorrhagic shock by allowing the animals to bleed into a reservoir. After maintaining the hypotensive state (mean blood pressure 40-45 mm Hg) for a period of 150 min, the blood was reinfused and the recovery of the various parameters were monitored for an additional 120 min. These studies were conducted in three different groups of dogs: (A) Solvent control, (B) Felodipine 0.01 mumol/kg i.v., administered 10 min prior to reinfusion of the blood, and (C) Felodipine 0.01 mumol/kg i.v., administered prior to haemorrhage. In all the three groups arterial blood pressure returned to similar basal levels following reinfusion. Felodipine administration prior to haemorrhage or before reinfusion (Group B and C) resulted in a 80-95% recovery in the renal blood flow, 60-65% in the glomerular filtration rate, 150-300% in the urine volume and 80-100% in the urinary sodium and potassium excretions. In the vehicle-treated control group, despite a 45% recovery in the renal blood flow, renal function was not restored following reinfusion. The observations made in these studies suggest that felodipine, an arteriolar dilator which also possesses natriuretic properties, could be clinically useful in the treatment of renal failure in haemorrhagic shock. Prevention of cellular calcium overload during ischaemia and reperfusion by this dihydropyridine derivative, may account for its ability to preserve vascular as well as tubular function.
Fracture behavior of directionally solidified NiAl-Mo and NiAl-V eutectics

A rod eutectic, Ni-45.45at.%Al-9at.%Mo, and a lamellar eutectic, Ni-30at.%Al-40at.%V, were directionally solidified by the containerless electromagnetically levitated zone (CELZ) process. Four-point bend tests were used to determine the fracture toughness of the CELZ processed eutectic alloys, while scanning electron microscopy and transmission eletron microscopy of tested samples were used to characterize the fracture behavior. The composite structures of these alloys provide improvement in fracture toughness over binary NiAl primarily by crack bridging and trapping for NiAl-9at.%Mo, and crack bridging and renucleation for NiAl-40at.%V. Significant plastic deformation of the NiAl phase prior to fracture also contributes to the toughness of both eutectic systems.
Family treatment of a psychopathic personality.

Summary We have tried to illustrate the three-generation format which eventuates in a “psychopathic personality” type of identified patient. Two families trained the father and mother of our patient to play a pre-cooled social game called marriage. The offspring of this marriage is part of a two-generation shuttle. She tries to warm her parents' relationship by enticing them into being more than audience to her life and death games of love and hate. They repeatedly “free” her to escape the primal family and join her own generation at the point when her game gets too hot for the family and she is in danger of psychosis. Later she structures the social situation so she can return in disgrace and defeat to mother, who cleans up the mess, and to father, who forgives her so she can repeat the cycle again. The pattern of therapeutic change necessitates use of the parcent team as cotherapist. This seems in marked contrast with the parents of the schizophrenic I.P. who seem to be trying to grow as persons and thereby try to be patients. The parents of our patient strive to get her to succeed so they can enjoy the cool fun of watching. Yet beneath this the parodoxical directive, “Lets reactivate the good old days,” can include the forgiveness of sin, which was their answer to the misbehavior of infancy. Marriages and suicide attempts are, after all, only adult counterparts of “the oatmeal mess of the high chair days.”
Neuronal STIMulation at Rest

Almost a decade has passed since first STIM, and later Orai, proteins were identified as the molecular constituents of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Their roles in immune function have been intensely investigated, but the roles of STIM and Orai in neuronal cells have been much less clear. Lalonde et al. show that when neurons are hyperpolarized or "at rest," constitutive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) release leads to SOCE-mediated activation of neuronal transcription factors. Precisely why ER Ca(2+) release is constitutive in neurons remains an important question. Irrespective of the answer, this observation provides an intriguing new perspective on why a relatively low-abundance, small-conductance channel such as Orai1 would be important in neurons, which contain a relative abundance of voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels.
β-catenin Activity in the Dermal Papilla Regulates Morphogenesis and Regeneration of Hair

Summary The activity of keratinocytes in the hair follicle is regulated by signals from a specialized mesenchymal niche, the dermal papilla (DP). Here, mice expressing cre recombinase in the DP were developed to probe the interaction between follicular keratinocytes and the DP in vivo. Inactivation of the β-catenin gene within DP of fully developed hair follicles results in dramatically reduced proliferation of the progenitors and their progeny that generate the hair shaft, and, subsequently, premature induction of the destructive phase of the hair cycle. It also prevents regeneration of the cycling follicle from stem cells. Gene expression analysis reveals that β-catenin activity in the DP regulates signaling pathways, including FGF and IGF, that can mediate the DP's inductive effects. This study reveals a signaling loop that employs Wnt/β-catenin signaling in both epithelial progenitor cells and their mesenchymal niche to govern and coordinate the interactions between these compartments to guide hair morphogenesis.
Drainage Flow Prediction with a One-Dimensional Model Including Canopy, Soil and Radiation Parameterizations.

Abstract A mathematical model for simulation of winds over mountain slopes was developed and tested withobservations from Australia and the western United States. The model computes profiles of wind andtemperature normal to the slope. The model also computes soil heat fluxes, the mechanical and radiativeeffects of trees, terrestrial radiation fluxes and their modification by clouds, and turbulent heat and momentum fluxes. All variables are integrated over a slope of specified length and steepness. Comparison ofavailable observations to simulated wind profiles showed general agreement, with the best agreement at siteson uniform slopes, and poorest agreement in complex terrain. The model is sensitive to variations in cloudheight, forest coverage, slope parameters, and ambient winds and temperatures. This sensitivity implies thataccurate simulations of drainage winds by multidimensional models will require inclusion of the sameexternal parameters.
Mechanical behavior of emerging materials

Nanocrystalline and glassy materials, especially the bulk metallic glasses are of relatively recent origin and exhibit high strength, but lack sufficient plasticity. A clear understanding of the mechanical behavior of these novel materials is essential before these can be seriously considered for structural applications. A great deal of research has been conducted over the past couple of decades and a vast amount of data has been generated. Here, results on strength, ductility, and deformation behavior of these novel materials have been reviewed. Recent results have been highlighted and problems, wherever they exist, have been pointed out. New directions for enhancing the understanding of the mechanical behavior of these interesting materials have been suggested.
Manager or Participatory Leader? What Does It Take?.

Participatory leadership continues to be a very popular topic in the profes sional literature and at conferences. These writers propose a refinement of this leadership approach.
Convergent synthesis of two 14C‐labeled β3‐adrenergic receptor agonists

The synthesis of β3-adrenergic receptor agonists A and B with radiolabeled amide fragment, required for drug disposition studies, was accomplished based on initial formation of 2-(4-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)phenoxy)-5-[14C]-cyanopyridine by the reaction of 2-bromo-5-iodopyridine with para-substituted phenol, and following cyanation of aromatic iodide with potassium cyanide-[14C]. After the coupling of the resulted amine with glycidyl derivatives of 4-hydroxyindole and 4-hydroxycarbazole, the corresponding nitriles were hydrolyzed with basic hydrogen peroxide to obtain target amides A and B. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity of glutathione synthesis enzymes in human lens related to age

The high levels of both enzymes of glutathione synthesis found in the infant human lens rapidly reached lower levels by age 10, and thereafter the rate of decrease diminished. Glutathione synthetase activity in the 6 month old lens was six-fold (units/g lens), four-fold (units/mg soluble protein) and two-fold (units/lens) higher than that in the 83 year old, clear human lens, γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in the 6 month old lens was sixteen-fold (units/g lens), ten-fold (units/mg soluble protein) and six-fold (units/lens) higher than that in the 83 year old, clear human lens. When lenses from the young adult beagle, rabbit, bovine, and humans are compared, glutathione synthetase activity (units/g lens) varies by about two-fold. γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase activity (units/g lens) is quite similar in the first three species, whereas the enzyme activity is more than a magnitude less in young adult human lenses, and becomes much less with increasing age and in a high proportion of life-support syst...
The Relationship between Sexual Abuse during Childhood and Parenting Outcomes: Modeling Direct and Indirect Pathways.

Abstract Objective: This study examined the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and parenting outcomes including parenting stress, feelings of competence and discipline strategies. Maternal depression and current partner violence were hypothesized to be mediators of the association between CSA and parenting. Method: This study is based on secondary data analysis of archived data. The participants were 263 primiparous mothers (107 with a history of CSA and 156 comparison mothers recruited from a prenatal clinic prior to the birth of their first child. Mothers were interviewed twice: once when they were between 28 and 32 weeks gestation and again when their child was between 2 and 4 years of age. During the first interview, women were asked about childhood experiences of sexual abuse. During their second interview, they were asked about current symptoms of pathology and experiences with partner violence and parenting beliefs and practices. Results: Structural Equation Modeling indicated that the relationship between CSA and punitive discipline was mediated by maternal depression and current partner violence. CSA was associated with higher maternal depression and higher partner violence. CSA, maternal depression, and current partner violence were associated with more negative parental perceptions and higher punitive discipline. Once maternal depression and current partner violence were in the model, the relationship between CSA and parenting outcomes was no different from zero. Conclusion: These results highlight the risks associated with CSA for parenting outcomes and suggest two potential pathways for this increased risk.
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION AND THE VOCATIONAL/TECHNICAL STUDENT

Multicultural Education is not a new phenomenon. Community colleges, with their open admissions policies, have proven to be the vehicle of access to the mainstream for millions of immigrants, minorities, and other marginalized groups. In the next century, minorities will occupy a disproportionate share of the workforce. The community college, which traditionally prepares many students for technical careers, has a vital role to play in the next decade if this country is to keep a strong and competitive workforce. And community college faculty carry a large part of the responsibility to educate this workforce. Faculty can integrate multicultural concepts into the vocational classroom. Tech prep courses, grounded in the global economy, provide an opportunity for multicultural perspectives throughout the curriculum. Vocational and technical courses provide a natural setting for recognizing and cultivating the ability to work with cultural diversity as a key to being successful in the workforce of the 21st cen...
The Drosophila IR20a clade of ionotropic receptors are candidate taste and pheromone receptors.

Summary Insects use taste to evaluate food, hosts, and mates. Drosophila has many "orphan" taste neurons that express no known taste receptors. The Ionotropic Receptor (IR) superfamily is best known for its role in olfaction, but virtually nothing is known about a clade of ∼35 members, the IR20a clade. Here, a comprehensive analysis of this clade reveals expression in all taste organs of the fly. Some members are expressed in orphan taste neurons, whereas others are coexpressed with bitter- or sugar-sensing Gustatory receptor ( Gr ) genes. Analysis of the closely related IR52c and IR52d genes reveals signatures of adaptive evolution, roles in male mating behavior, and sexually dimorphic expression in neurons of the male foreleg, which contacts females during courtship. These neurons are activated by conspecific females and contact a neural circuit for sexual behavior. Together, these results greatly expand the repertoire of candidate taste and pheromone receptors in the fly.
Karyotype variability in successive generations after hybridization between the great sturgeon, Huso huso (L.), and the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L.

The karyotypes of bester (the hybrid between great sturgeon and sterlet) in three generations do not differ in diploid chromosome number from parental species and are displaced towards the sterlet in numbers of bi- and uni-armed chromosomes and chromosome arms. The variability of quantitative karyotypic parameters other than number of bi-armed chromosomes increases considerably (double, on average) in F1 and F2 and declines to the level characteristic of the parental species in F3. The variability results mainly from aneuploidy in microchromosomes and the karyotypic variabilities of 3 to 6-week-old and 4 to 5-month-old fish are the same. The stabilization of the hybrid karyotype in the third generation is rather rapid and may reflect the formation of a breed. The degree of individual karyotypic variability estimated on the basis of the coefficient of variation is 2-3 % for parameters other than the number of microchromosomes, for which it is 6-7%.
Vapor pressures and isopiestic molalities of concentrated CaCl2(aq), CaBr2(aq), and NaCl(aq) to T = 523 K

Abstract The Oak Ridge National Laboratory high-temperature isopiestic apparatus was outfitted with precise pressure gauges to allow for direct vapor pressure measurements. Vapor pressures over concentrated solutions of CaCl2(aq), and CaBr2(aq) were measured at temperatures between (380.15 and 523.15) K in the range of water activities between 0.2 and 0.85. Isopiestic molalities were used to determine osmotic coefficients at the conditions where NaCl reference standard solutions remained undersaturated. The main goal of this work was to improve the accuracy of isopiestic comparisons based on the calcium chloride reference standard. Osmotic coefficients for CaCl2(aq) and CaBr2(aq) calculated from both isopiestic and direct vapor pressure results were combined with the literature data and used to build general thermodynamic models based on a variant of extended Pitzer ion-interaction equations and valid at the saturation pressure of water. While these empirical models approach the accuracy of the experimental data in a wider range of concentrations and temperatures than any previously published equations, considerable amounts of accurate data and a substantial effort are required in order to obtain a satisfactory representation using power series-based virial equations. The effect of experimental uncertainties on the accuracy of the direct vapor pressure results is discussed, including in particular the error caused by the presence in the apparatus of a small amount of CO2. The substantial decrease of the solubility product of CaCO3 in concentrated chloride solutions at temperatures above 423 K is a serious defect of calcium chloride as a water activity reference standard.
Kinetic, hormonal and clinical studies with aminoglutethimide in breast cancer.

Approximately one-third of patients with metastatic breast carcinoma respond to surgical ablative therapy but the morbidity associated with these procedures has limited their use to highly selected patients. Consequently, a chemical method of adrenal suppression was developed using a potent inhibitor of adrenal steroid synthesis, aminoglutethimide, in combination with a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. While this regimen effectively blocked adrenal function, it was complicated by a drug interaction in which aminoglutethimide accelerated the metabolism and reduced the bioavailability of dexamethasone. To overcome this problem, a new regime using aminoglutethimide and hydro-cortisone, a glucocorticoid less susceptible to altered metabolism, was developed. Kinetic studies confirmed that aminoglutethimide does not interact with hydrocortisone to alter its rate of metabolism. Hormone measurements established that 1000 mg of aminoglutethimide and 40 mg of hydrocortisone daily suppressed DHA-sulfate, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol and aldosterone to a greater extent than the prior protocol using aminoglutethimide and 2–3 mg of dexamethasone. Patients experienced objective tumor regression with equal frequency while receiving the aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone regimen or aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone and the overall rate of response in 50 evaluable patients was 38%. Side effects occurred frequently in the first few weeks of treatment but disappeared nearly uniformly thereafter. The present aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone regimen is simple, non-toxic, effective in inhibiting estradiol synthesis and capable of inducing tumor regression as frequently as previously reported with adrenalectomy.
Catheter-directed and mechanical thrombolysis for management of lower extremity iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: a single pediatric institutional experience

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate a single pediatric institutional experience with catheter directed (CDT) and mechanical thrombolysis (MT) for lower extremity iliofemoral DVT. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed of 33 limbs (5 bilateral) in 28 patients, mean age 15.8 yrs (range 6.7 - 23.7) with lower extremity iliofemoral DVT treated over a 7-year period. Treatment consisted of either CDT alone or CDT in combination with MT. DVT diagnosis was performed with ultrasound in all patients. Two-reader consensus review of pre and post procedure venography for patency was translated into a thrombus score for a total of seven venous segments. The lysis grade was calculated by comparing total segment thrombus scores. Post treatment venography was also evaluated for residual venous stenosis. Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) assessment was performed retrospectively with the Modified Villalta scale. Results Technical success for 33 limbs was 32/33 (97%). The techniques used included; CDT with MT (19/33), CDT alone (14/33 limbs) and CDT with pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (5/33), angioplasty (27/33) and stent placement at time of thrombolysis (3/33). Mean thrombolysis duration was 46.9 hrs (range of 15.7 - 89.6). Mean duration of total therapy, including angioplasty was 71.18 hrs (range of 15.7 - 90.4). Post thrombolysis lysis grade was stage 4 (100%) in 2/33, stage 3 (75-99%) in 18/33, stage 2 (50-74%) in 11/33 and stage 1 ( Conclusion CDT and MT appear to be effective in treating extensive lower extremity DVT in children and young adults and may reduce the risk of developing PTS. Congenital venous anomalies and inherited thrombophilias are important in the development of lower extremity DVT in children and need to be considered.
Cultural Pattern and Process: A Study of Stylistic Change in Women's Dress

Using time series analysis and systems theory it is possible to translate Kroeber's idea of a cultural configuration and its processual consequences into a less ambiguous model. By employing a mathematical formulation certain features of stylistic change in women's dress become evident: it is stochastic/probabilistic in nature and it is in stable equilibrium. The sequence of women's fashions through time would appear to arise from simultaneous operation of inertia, cultural continuity, a rule system of esthetic proportions, and an inherently unpredictable element.
Structural, vibrational and thermodynamic studies of pentafluorogermanate salts

Abstract The crystal structures of two A + GeF 5 − salts (A = XeF 5 , ClO 2 ), coupled with vibrational studies of these and other salts (A = NO 2 , SF 3 , Bu 4 N), show that the anion has at least four different structural forms. In XeF 5 + GeF 5 − the anion consists of infinite chains of trans-bridged GeF 6 octahedra with a GeFGe angle of 141°; ClO 2 + GeF 5 − contains cis-bridged chains with corresponding angles of 143° and 148°. The Raman and infrared spectra confirm earlier studies 1 that GeF 5 − exists as a monomer of D 3 h symmetry in Bu 4 N + GeF 5 − . In NO 2 + GeF 5 − a polymeric form different from those found in ClO 2 + GeF 5 − and XeF 5 + GeF 5 − must occur. The enthalpies of formation of ClO 2 + GeF 5 − and (SF 3 + ) 2 GeF 6 2− (the structure of which will be described) were determined from lnK p vs. l/T plots; from lattice energy evaluations of these salts (based upon a Madelung energy obtained by the method 2 of Bertaut) the first and second fluoride ion affinities of GeF 4 have been determined: ΔH(GeF 4 (g) + F − (g) = GeF 5 − (g)) = −101, ΔH(GeF 5 − (g) + F − (g) = GeF 6 2− (g)) = +37 kcal mole −1 . Similar evaluations led to ΔH(BF 3 (g) + F − (g) = BF 4 − (g)) = −91, and ΔH(UF 6 (g) + e − = UF 6 − (g)) = −133 kcal mole −1 .
An investigation of sibling recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles

Abstract Sibling recognition was studied experimentally in tadpoles of the Cascades frog, Rana cascadae . Sibships were divided into two groups at an early developmental stage. One group was reared with siblings and the second with a mixture of siblings and non-siblings. Whe given a choice of associating with a sibling or non-sibling group, individuals reared with siblings preferred siblings. One mixed-reared group spent more time associating with unfamiliar siblings than unfamiliar nonsiblings. Tadpoles of another mixed-reared group preferred to associate with pure siblings over a mixture of siblings and non-siblings with which they were reared. When the stimulus animals were taken exclusively from the mixed-rearing tank, two mixed-reared groups showed no sibling preferences. Our results suggest that early association with non-siblings does not affect sibling recognition in this species.
SU-E-I-55: Application Specific Mathematical Optimization of Lead-Free Apron Composition

Purpose: In the past decade, manufactures have introduced lead‐equivalent (lead‐free) radiation shielding garments which have become quite popular in interventional radiology (IR) due to their reduced weight when compared with traditional lead aprons. The material composition of lead‐equivalent aprons varies significantly from manufacturer to manufacturer, and while some manufacturers use an undisclosed blend of materials, others publish their aprons composition. However, there does not yet exist any published scientific report describing the optimal lead‐equivalent garment composition and under what conditions such a garment is most effective. Methods: To reflect modern practice, our analysis is based on the assumption that IR staff will never be in the primary beam, and their radiation protection garment should therefore be optimized to attenuatescattered x‐ray spectra. Using a Monte Carlo radiation transport code, the scatteredspectrum at different points in an interventional suite was determined for a modern angiographic system as a function of patient size, C‐arm configuration and the position of the physician within the room. A sequential quadratic programming optimization routine was used to determine the optimal combination of metals to produce the lightest apron which attenuates the scattered x‐ray spectrum as effectively as a traditional 0.5 mm thick lead apron. Results: Our analysis indicates that for the scattered x‐ray spectra most apparent to IR personnel, lead is not the most efficient shielding material by weight. Using numerical optimization and a specific analysis of typical IR suite scatterspectrum, we are able to recommend a shielding garment construction which is equally effective to a standard lead garment but with a 44% reduction in weight. Conclusions: A clear algorithm is presented for determining the best composition to satisfy a variety of endpoints which can be used both in apron manufacturing and in verification that the claims of a lead‐free garment manufacturer are valid.
Measuring the advance of a wetting front using cross-borehole GPR

Two infiltration experiments were conducted to monitor an advancing wetting front at 2.25 m below ground surface with cross-borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR). The focus of the experiment was to understand how XBGPR responds to dielectric permittivities that vary on a scale that is smaller than the antenna length. To test this response, a sharp wetting front was formed by applying water evenly over a 5 m by 5 m area at a rate of 5x10-4 cm/s through porous hoses. The center of XBGPR antennae were placed at a depth of 2.25 m in a pair of vertical, PVC lined access tubes located within the irrigated area. The velocity of the first arrival was converted to moisture content using a standard calibration. The measured water content increased linearly with time during the advance of the wetting front. Through comparison with modeled results of flow in unsaturated media, we demonstrate how water contents are "averaged" along the antennae.
On stability of a class of discrete systems

Abstract The problem of stability properties for the solutions of nonlinear difference equations is considered. The approach used is to study the behavior of the solutions of nonlinear difference equations with respect to solutions of a nonlinear difference equation. This is a more general setting than the comparison principle in which the comparison equation is a linear difference equation. The principal technique employed is an extension of Liapunov's direct method. A series of theorems is obtained yielding criteria for the behavior of solutions in terms of existence of the Liapunov-type function with appropriate properties.
Loss of CD11b exacerbates murine complement-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Acute complement activation occurs in the tubulointerstitium (TI) of kidneys transplanted from Crry−/−C3−/− mice into complement-sufficient wildtype mice, followed by marked inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis. We postulated iC3b-CD11b interactions were critical in this TI nephritis model. We transplanted Crry−/−C3−/− mouse kidneys into CD11b−/− and wildtype C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, there was greater inflammation in Crry−/−C3−/− kidneys in CD11b−/− recipients compared to those in wildtype hosts. Kidneys in CD11b−/− recipients had large numbers of CD11b−Ly6ChiCCR2hiF4/80+ cells consistent with inflammatory (M1) macrophages recruited from circulating monocytes of the host CD11b−/− animal. There was also an expanded population of CD11b+CD11c+Ly6C−F4/80hi cells. Since these cells were CD11b+, they must have originated from the transplanted kidney; their surface protein expression and appearance within the kidney were consistent with the intrinsic renal mononuclear cellular population. These cells were markedly expanded relative to all relevant controls, including the contralateral donor kidney and Crry−/−C3−/− mouse kidneys in CD11b+/+ wildtype recipients. Direct evidence for their in situ proliferation was the presence of nuclear Ki67 and PCNA in CD11b+F4/80+ cells. Thus, in this experimental model in which there is unrestricted C3 activation, CD11b+ monocytes limit their own infiltration into the kidney and prevent proliferation of endogenous mononuclear cells. This suggests a role for outside-in iC3b-CD11b signals in limiting intrinsic organ inflammation.
Octahedral Coordination of Halide Ions (I-, Br-, Cl-) Sandwich Bonded with Tridentate Mercuracarborand-3 Receptors

The “anti-crown” B-hexamethyl 9-mercuracarborand-3 (1) was shown to complex halide ions (I-, Br-, Cl-) in an η3-sandwich fashion. Symmetry-allowed interactions of the filled halide ion p-orbitals and the corresponding empty mercury p-orbitals result in three equivalent pHg−phalide−pHg three-center two-electron bonds and a sandwich structure. The molecular structures of [Li·(H2O)4][12·I]·2CH3CN, MePPh3[12·Br]·((CH3)2CO)2·(H2O)2, and PPN[12·Cl] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound [Li·(H2O)4][12·I]·2CH3CN crystallized in the triclinic space group P1, a = 13.312(8) A, b = 13.983(9) A, c = 13.996(9) A, α = 61.16(2)°, β = 82.34(2)°, γ = 86.58(2)°, V = 4365(2) A3, Z = 1, R = 0.063, and Rw = 0.171. Compound MePPh3[12·Br]·((CH3)2CO)2·(H2O)2 crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 24.671(8) A, b = 17.576(6) A, c = 26.079(8) A, β = 106.424(6)°, V = 10847(6) A3, Z = 8, R = 0.0607, and Rw = 0.1506. Compound PPN[12·Cl] crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/m, a = ...