cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of ondansetron for nausea and vomiting after head injury and its effect on return rates from the pediatric ED

Abstract Background The use of ondansetron in children with vomiting after a head injury has not been well studied. Concern about masking serious injury is a potential barrier to its use. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ondansetron in children with head injury and symptoms of vomiting in the pediatric emergency department (PED) and its effect on return rates and masking of more serious injuries. Design/Methods Visits to 2 PEDs from 2003 to 2010 with a diagnosis of head injury were evaluated retrospectively. Patients discharged home after a head computed tomography (CT) are the primary cohort for the study. A logistic regression model was used to analyze ondansetron's effects on the likelihood of return to the PED within 72 hours for persistent symptoms. A secondary analysis was performed on patients with a diagnoses of head injury who did not receive a head CT and were discharged. Results A total of 6311 patients had a diagnosis of head injury, had a head CT performed, and were discharged from the PED. The use of ondansetron increased significantly from 3.7% in 2003 to 22% in 2010 (P Conclusion Ondansetron use in children with a CT scan who are dispositioned home is relatively safe, does not appear to mask any significant conditions, and significantly reduces return visits to the PED.
Interpreting the Right to Bear Arms — Gun Regulation and Constitutional Law

In D.C. v. Heller, the question before the Court is whether the District's prohibition of further registration of handguns, its ban on the carrying of concealed guns, and its mandate that guns kept in homes remain unloaded and either locked or disassembled violate citizens' rights that are guaranteed by the Second Amendment. Mark Tushnet writes that the Supreme Court's upcoming decision dramatizes the tension between public policy and the Constitution. David Hemenway discusses gun violence in the United States and the likely effects of the Supreme Court case D.C. v. Heller. He is a professor of health policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.
Molecular rotation at negatively charged surfactant/aqueous interfaces.

The effect of charge on the rotational dynamics of the molecular probe coumarin 314 (C314) at air/water interfaces covered with the negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was investigated using femtosecond time-resolved second harmonic spectroscopy. The out-of-plane orientational time constant at the highest SDS surface coverage of 100 A2 per molecule is 383 ± 9 ps. The rotational dynamics is slower than at the air/water interface where the out-of-plane reorientational time constant is 336 ± 6 ps. At the air/water interface the rotational dynamics is over three times slower than the bulk orientational diffusion time of 100 ps. The relatively small effect of the surfactant charge density on the C314 rotation time constant is surprising, considering the marked dependence of the C314 orientation, spectra, and surfactant phase diagram on surfactant density.
Topology optimization of 2D continua for minimum compliance using parallel computing

Topology optimization is often used in the conceptual design stage as a preprocessing tool to obtain overall material distribution in the solution domain. The resulting topology is then used as an initial guess for shape optimization. It is always desirable to use fine computational grids to obtain high-resolution layouts that minimize the need for shape optimization and postprocessing (Bendsoe and Sigmund, Topology optimization theory, methods and applications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 2003), but this approach results in high computation cost and is prohibitive for large structures. In the present work, parallel computing in combination with domain decomposition is proposed to reduce the computation time of such problems. The power law approach is used as the material distribution method, and an optimality criteria-based optimizer is used for locating the optimum solution [Sigmund (2001)21:120–127; Rozvany and Olhoff, Topology optimization of structures and composites continua. Kluwer, Norwell 2000]. The equilibrium equations are solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. These calculations have been done using a master–slave programming paradigm on a coarse-grain, multiple instruction multiple data, shared-memory architecture. In this study, by avoiding the assembly of the global stiffness matrix, the memory requirement and computation time has been reduced. The results of the current study show that the parallel computing technique is a valuable tool for solving computationally intensive topology optimization problems.
The Physics of Being Jewish, or On Cats and Jews

The opening scene of Joel and Ethan Coen's A Serious Man has baffled many. What does an unsettling tale of an encounter with what may or may not be a dybbuk, set in the mid-nineteenth century in a Polish shtetl, and played out entirely in Yiddish, have to do with the story of a Jewish professor of physics and his family in suburban Minnesota in the summer of 1967, related in English? Is the scene to be viewed as a warm-up of sorts before the main attraction, akin, if you will, to the short-subject films—newsreels, animated cartoons, and live-action comedies and documentaries—that movie houses of old used to play before the main feature? If so, what is the significance of presenting an odd Yiddish scene to an American audience notorious for turning a cold shoulder to non-English-speaking cinema? Or is the scene to be viewed as a prologue to the movie? If so, in what sense could it be said to impart to the audience either the “state of suspense of the plot produced by the previous history” or, alternatively, the argument of the drama?
DIRECT INHIBITORY EFFECT OF GnRH ON ANDROGEN SECRETION BY OVARIAN INTERSTITIAL CELLS1

We report here 1) that GnRH and a potent GnRH agonist inhibit basal and LH stimulated ovarian androgen biosynthesis in vitro, 2) that the inhibitory effects of GnRH are dose-dependent and completely inhibited by concomitant treatment with a GnRH antagonist and 3) that the GnRH action is very rapid (t½, = 10 min) and persists after thorough washing of the cells. These data suggest that GnRH acts at a stereospecific binding site on ovarian theca and/or interstitial cells (probably the theca cells) to rapidly and perhaps irreversibly inhibit androgen biosynthesis.
Characterization of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression in stably transfected A-427 human cancer cells.

Although radiolabeled somatostatin analogs have become highly prevalent in the diagnosis and treatment of somatostatin receptor subtype (sst)-positive tumors, there are relatively few options with respect to sst-positive tumor cell lines and animal models. It would be highly beneficial, particularly for therapeutic purposes, to have several clones of one human sst2-positive cell line that express a range of sst2 concentrations for evaluating the dose response and intracellular processing of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. The human non–small cell lung cancer line A-427 was stably transfected with a hemagglutinin-tagged human sst2. Expression of the receptor was evaluated in vitro using flow cytometry, saturation binding analysis, internalization assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The receptor expression was also validated in an in vivo mouse model in biodistribution and micro–positron emission tomography (microPET) studies using the somatostatin analog octreotide (OC), which was linked to the 64 Cu chelator 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA), or 64 Cu-TETA-OC. Stable clones were isolated, and four clones (2, 4, 5, and 7) were chosen for further examination. In vitro assays showed that clone 4 had no expression of sst2, whereas the others had various levels in the order of 7 . 2 . 5. Biodistribution studies with 64 Cu-TETA-OC showed the same rank order, with tumor uptake of the clones ranging from 0.8 to 6.5% injected dose/g. These studies showed that there was a strong correlation among the in vitro assays and between the in vitro assays and the biodistribution. MicroPET confirmed significant uptake of 64 Cu-TETA-OC in clone 7 and background uptake in clone 4. These studies show that clones of a human cell line can be produced expressing various levels of sst2 that should be useful for the future evaluation of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs.
The Occurrence of Protologic Disorders in Infancy and Childhood: A Statistical Review of 2700 Cases

Proctologic disorders of infants and children occur frequently enough to warrant a complete survey of the subject. It is felt that a report of an organized study of diseases of the anus, rectum and colon which occur in the newborn, in the infant and in the child might reveal interesting facts and perhaps attract more attention to this important topic. Accordingly, the author has made special studies in pediatric proctology during the past ten years and has previously reported on several phases of this subjectl · 2. This present report consists of a study of the incidence of diseases of the anus, rectum and colon in children from birth to 13 years of age. An analysis is made of 2700 cases which have been gathered from: (1) the files of all the services of the Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn during a period of 35 years. (2) an especially planned 10 year study of pediatric proctology, (3) private practice. This review includes: (1) the incidence of proctologic disorders of children in an average active general hospital; (2) the frequency and percentage of each proctologic condition found in the 2700 proctologic cases, (3) the frequency with which these proctologic conditions occur in the newborn, in infancy and in childhood.
2-Bromo-5-fluoro-benzaldehyde.

In the title compound, C7H4BrFO, the benzaldehyde O atom is found to be trans to the 2-bromo substituent. In the crystal, short Br⋯F inter­actions between the bromine and fluorine substituents are observed at distances of 3.1878 (14), 3.3641 (13) and 3.3675 (14) A. Offset face-to-face π-stacking inter­actions are also observed for both of the independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit running parallel to the crystallographic b axis, characterized by centroid–centroid distances of 3.8699 (2) and 3.8699 (2) A.
Abstract T P145: Incidence and Determinants of Clinical Dementia after Ischemic Stroke: a Population-based Study in Rochester, MN

Introduction: Studies have suggested a high incidence of dementia after stroke; however data regarding risk factors are conflicting and few studies are population-based. The aims of this population-based study are to determine the frequency of diagnosis and predictors of clinical dementia after ischemic stroke. Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records linkage system was used to ascertain all first ischemic strokes (IS) occurring among Rochester, MN residents between 1990 -1994. Comprehensive medical records were reviewed. Patient and stroke characteristics, medical comorbidities, and the development of clinical dementia any time after IS were recorded. Dementia was defined as any reflection in the chart by a clinician of memory loss resulting in functional impairment. Patients with a pre-stroke diagnosis of dementia were excluded. Associations between new dementia after the index IS and other variables of interest were analyzed using univariate logistic regression. Results: First IS was detected in 490 people, 82 of whom had a prior history of dementia, and 119 (29%) of whom developed dementia during a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range 0-23.8). The mean age at index stroke was 76.6 years (SD 12.9). Those who developed dementia were a mean 4 years older at the time of IS (p = 0.003). The odds of developing dementia were 1.7 higher in those who had at least one recurrent stroke. There was no effect of sex, stroke location (cortical, subcortical, brainstem), stroke mechanism, or premorbid stroke risk factors (coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, left-sided valvular disease) on the occurrence of dementia. Conclusions: Dementia is commonly diagnosed following ischemic stroke. While stroke risk factors did not impact the risk of diagnosis of dementia, recurrent stroke increased this risk. Stroke risk factors may indirectly increase the risk of dementia by increasing the risk of recurrent IS. This suggests that aggressive secondary stroke prevention measures may significantly decrease the risk of being diagnosed with dementia following IS.
There goes the gayborhood

Nearly a decade ago, The New York Times ran the article ‘Gay Enclaves Face Prospect of Being Passe’ (2007) and debates about the demise, rise, and sprawl of LGBTQ neighborhoods have been ongoing wi...
High Pressure Rheology of Hydrate Slurries Formed from Water-in-Mineral Oil Emulsions

Structure I methane hydrates are formed in situ from water-in-mineral oil emulsions in a high pressure rheometer cell. Viscosity is measured as hydrates form, grow, change under flow, and dissociate. Experiments are performed at varying water volume fraction in the original emulsion (0–0.40), temperature (0–6 °C), and initial pressure of methane (750–1500 psig). Hydrate slurries exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity upon hydrate formation, followed by complex behavior dictated by factors including continued hydrate formation, shear alignment, methane depletion/dissolution, aggregate formation, and capillary bridging. Hydrate slurries possess a yield stress and are shear-thinning fluids, which are described by the Cross model. Hydrate slurry viscosity and yield stress increased with increasing water volume fraction. As driving force for hydrate formation decreases (increasing temperature, decreasing pressure), hydrate slurry viscosity increases, suggesting that slower hydrate formation leads to larger and ...
Transformation of a Close-Packed Au Nanoparticle/Polymer Monolayer into a Large Area Array of Oriented Au Nanowires via E-beam Promoted Uniaxial Deformation and Room Temperature Sintering

Transformation of 2D Au nanoparticle (NP) arrays into large scale, ordered, and oriented nanorod/nanowire arrays supported on a transferrable polymer film has been accomplished. E-beam irradiation followed by room temperature aging of a suspended Au NP/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer close packed monolayer results in one-dimensional nanoparticle aggregation, reorientation, and sintering into a high density array of oriented Au nanowires with coherent single-crystal-like interfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations of alkane-thiol capped Au NPs, interacting through the Vincent potential and undergoing 2D Poisson compression, account semiquantitatively for the qualitative features of the transformation. This fabrication approach should be extendable to directing 1D aggregation of highly anisotropic nanostructures in arbitrary NP systems.
A Corollary to the Gelfand-Mazur Theorem

(1970). A Corollary to the Gelfand-Mazur Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 282-283.
Triggering and Restabilization of Combustion Instability with Rocket Motor Acceleration

The probability of a liquid-propulsion rocket motor to develop screeching instability is studied computationally. The combustion chamber is accelerated as a rigid body using a prescribed acceleration time history; it is found that accelerations of proper magnitude, duration, and frequency induce a pressure wave inside the combustion chamber that grows to a screeching acoustic wave limit cycle. For a rectangular rocket motor, a reciprocating transverse acceleration leads to the development of a transverse pressure wave limit cycle; for a cylindrical rocket motor, the limit cycle may be either a standing wave, for a transverse reciprocating acceleration, or a spinning wave, for a transverse rotating acceleration. It is found that a limit cycle may be induced by either a large acceleration pulse of short duration or a smaller acceleration pulse of a longer duration. The polynomial chaos expansion method is used to study the probability of growth to a limit-cycle oscillation when the amplitude and frequency o...
Eventration of the diaphragm presenting as spontaneous pneumothorax.

A 25-year-old man presents with sudden onset of right-sided back and chest pain and shortness of breath.
Efficient context free parsing of multi-agent activities for team and plan recognition

We extend a recent formalization of multi-agent plan recognition (MAPR), to accommodate compact multi-agent plan libraries in the form of context free grammars (CFG), incomplete plan executions, and uncertainty in the observation trace. Some existing approaches for single agent plan recognition cast it as a problem of parsing a single agent activity trace. With the help of our multi-agent CFG, we do the same for MAPR. However, known hardness results from multi-agent plan recognition constrain our options for efficient parsing, but we claim that static teams are a necessary (though not sufficient) condition for polynomial parsing. The necessity is supported by the fact that MAPR becomes NP-complete when teams can change dynamically. For sufficiency, we impose additional restrictions and claim that if the social structure among the agents is of certain types, then polynomial time parsing is possible.
Fatigue behavior of an advanced SiC/SiC ceramic composite with a self-healing matrix at 1300 °C in air and in steam

Abstract The fatigue behavior of a non-oxide ceramic composite with a multilayered matrix was investigated at 1300 °C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The composite was produced via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composite had an oxidation inhibited matrix, which consisted of alternating layers of silicon carbide and boron carbide and was reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon™ fibers. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbon overlay applied. Tensile stress-strain behavior and tensile properties were evaluated at 1300 °C. Tension-tension fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 70 to 160 MPa in air and in steam. The fatigue limit (based on a run-out condition of 2×10 5 cycles) was between 80 and 100 MPa. Presence of steam had little influence on fatigue performance. The retained properties of all specimens that achieved fatigue run-out were characterized. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated.
First Step in Telehealth Assessment: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effectiveness of an Electronic Case History Form for Dysphagia.

The need for developing effective telehealth tools for dysphagia management is high not only for people who live in rural areas, but also for individuals with mobility/access limitations. We aimed to develop an electronic case History Tool/form (thereafter, e-HiT) for dysphagia, and compare its effectiveness with its paper-based version (PBV) on completion time, completeness, independence, and patient perceptions/satisfaction. Secondarily, we examined associations between the aforementioned variables and predictor variables, such as age, cognition, and computer/internet use. Forty adults who expressed concerns with eating/swallowing participated. To compare both versions, a randomized, controlled two-period crossover design was used. In Visit 1, Group A completed the e-HiT and Group B completed the PBV. In Visit 2, Group A completed the PBV and Group B completed the e-HiT. A satisfaction survey was completed post visits. There were no statistically significant differences for completion time (p = 0.743), completeness (p = 0.486), and independence (p = 0.738). Patient perception/satisfaction was significantly higher with the e-HiT (p = 0.004). In addition, a significant association was found between completion time and age (p = 0.0063). Our results indicate that completing the e-HiT is as time efficient as completing the PBV and that both forms elicit the same amount of information with no or minimal support. Also, completion of the e-HiT yielded significantly higher satisfaction responses. This is the first study documenting the effectiveness of the e-HiT for outpatients with dysphagia, providing evidence that the first step of a swallowing assessment—case history completion—can be effectively completed via telehealth by individuals with reliable internet connection and basic computer literacy skills.
Elevated modified shock index in early sepsis is associated with myocardial dysfunction and mortality

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the association of an elevated modified shock index (MSI) in sepsis and myocardial dysfunction. Methods This single center exploratory retrospective cohort study was conducted at Mayo Clinic from 2011 to 2014. It includes adults admitted to the medical intensive care unit with severe sepsis or septic shock. The time MSI > 1.3, area under the curve, in the first 6 h was assessed using logistic regression for primary outcomes of myocardial dysfunction and depression and secondary outcomes including mortality and SOFA score. Results Overall 578 individuals met inclusion criteria, 169 (29%) developed myocardial dysfunction and 23 (4%) myocardial depression. Adjusted for age, gender, Charlson score, and baseline APACHE 3 score, area MSI > 1.3 was associated with increased odds of myocardial dysfunction (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.21; p = 0.058) and depression (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.53; p = 0.007). Associations were also seen with ICU mortality (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32; p = 0.011), hospital mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25; p = 0.025) and SOFA score. Conclusion Elevated modified shock index during early sepsis is associated with the development of myocardial dysfunction and depression, SOFA score and mortality.
Command and Control of UAV Swarms via Satellite

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are attracting an increasing interest from both the industrial and the research fields, because of the large number of scenarios and applications that they can support. One of the big challenges of the next future is the use of UAV swarms, in order to exploit the advantages that coordinated actions of multiple drones can provide. In this work, we propose an analytical framework to evaluate the probability of a reliable command and control message delivery from a Ground Control Station to a UAV swarm via satellite, also exploiting intra-swarm gossiping.
Taxes and the Present Value Assessment of Economic Losses in Personal Injury Litigation

Anderson and Barber (2010) provide a recent discussion of tax effects on economic damages, for forensic economists and similar experts who supply the courts with opinions on economic damages. Anderson and Barbers’ paper fills a void in the forensic economics literature, by offering a formal theory of how tax considerations can impact economic damages. In the present work I point out a limitation of this theory - via a counter-example, and discuss conditions under which the theory seems to hold approximately.
Heme oxygenase-2 is neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia

Heme oxygenase (HO) is believed to be a potent antioxidant enzyme in the nervous system; it degrades heme from heme-containing proteins, giving rise to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin, which is rapidly reduced to bilirubin. The first identified isoform of the enzyme, HO1, is an inducible heat-shock protein expressed in high levels in peripheral organs and barely detectable under normal conditions in the brain, whereas HO2 is constitutive and most highly concentrated in the brain. Interestingly, although HO2 is constitutively expressed, its activity can be modulated by phosphorylation. We demonstrated that bilirubin, formed from HO2, is neuroprotectant, as neurotoxicity is augmented in neuronal cultures from mice with targeted deletion of HO2 (HO2−/−) and reversed by low concentrations of bilirubin. We now show that neural damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, a model of focal ischemia of vascular stroke, is substantially worsened in HO2−/− animals. By contrast, stroke damage is not significantly altered in HO1−/− mice, despite their greater debility. Neural damage following intracranial injections of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) is also accentuated in HO2−/− animals. These findings establish HO2 as an endogenous neuroprotective system in the brain whose pharmacologic manipulation may have therapeutic relevance.
Instructive Cases of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

The respiratory system is the organ system most commonly affected by sarcoidosis. The most common finding is mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy, however involvement of the upper and lower airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature are also seen with varying frequencies. This chapter utilizes a case-based format in order to highlight different presentations of pulmonary sarcoidosis with which clinicians should be familiar. The accompanying discussions are designed to review the existing literature regarding each presentation as well as provide a historical view of pulmonary sarcoidosis for the practicing clinician. While there are many different presentations of pulmonary sarcoidosis that could have been discussed here, these cases were selected specifically for their instructive potential and not because of their frequency. Our hope is that these cases will enhance clinicians’ understanding of different pulmonary sarcoidosis presentations as well as improve their comfort level with the management of this disease.
Thermal stability and epitope integrity of a lyophilized ricin toxin subunit vaccine

Abstract Biodefense vaccine are destined to be stockpiled for periods of time and deployed in the event of a public health emergency. In this report, we compared the potency of liquid and lyophilized (thermostabilized) formulations of a candidate ricin toxin subunit vaccine, RiVax, adsorbed to aluminum salts adjuvant, over a 12-month period. The liquid and lyophilized formulations were stored at stressed (40 °C) and unstressed (4 °C) conditions and evaluated at 3, 6 and 12-month time points for potency in a mouse model of lethal dose ricin challenge. At the same time points, the vaccine formulations were interrogated in vitro by competition ELISA for conformational integrity using a panel of three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), PB10, WECB2, and SyH7, directed against known immunodominant toxin-neutralizing epitopes on RiVax. We found that the liquid vaccine under stress conditions declined precipitously within the first three months, as evidenced by a reduction in in vivo potency and concomitant loss of mAb recognition in vitro . In contrast, the lyophilized RiVax vaccine retained in vivo potency and conformational integrity for up to one year at 4 °C and 40 °C. We discuss the utility of monitoring the integrity of one or more toxin-neutralizing epitopes on RiVax as a possible supplement to animal studies to assess vaccine potency.
Fate of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes on yellow onions (Allium cepa) under conditions simulating food service and consumer handling and storage

Abstract Recalls and cases of listeriosis have been associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh-cut refrigerated or frozen onions or associated processing environments. The survival or growth of L. monocytogenes on the outer surface of whole onions and in diced onion was evaluated during simulated retail or consumer storage. Whole and diced yellow onions (Allium cepa) were inoculated with a 6-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes collected either from agar plates or from broth culture. Marked circles (3.3 cm in diameter) on the outer papery skin of whole onions were spot inoculated (10 μl) at 7 log CFU per circle, dried for 30 min and then stored at 4 or 23 °C for up to 8 weeks. The marked circles or “disks” of the outermost skin layer were excised for sampling. Diced onions were inoculated at 3 log CFU/g and then stored in closed containers at 4 or 10 °C for 28 or 21 days, respectively, or at 23 °C for 38 h. Populations of L. monocytogenes were determined by plating each sample onto both tryptic soy agar and modified Oxford or CHROMagar Listeria agars. At 4 °C, populations of L. monocytogenes on whole onion declined from initial pre-drying levels of 6–7 log CFU/disk to mean levels of 2.39 ± 1.14 log CFU/disk at week 8; at 23 °C, populations declined to below the limit of detection by plating (
College students' attitudes toward interracial relationships: Variations by student race and campus type

Objectives: In this study, variability in college students’ attitudes toward interracial dating and marriage relationships as a function of student race and campus type (predominantly White vs. ethno-racially diverse) was examined. Methods: Undergraduate students ages 18-24 were recruited from a large public multicampus university in the Northeast. Using an online survey, students (N = 231) provided demographic information (e.g., gender, age, family income) and reported on their interracial relationship history and attitudes toward dating and marriage relationships. Results: Analyses of variance revealed significant differences in students’ attitudes toward interracial dating and marriage depending on students’ race and the type of campus they attended. White students enrolled at ethno-racially diverse urban campuses reported significantly lower approval of interracial dating and marriage relationships than their White peers at the predominantly White main campus and their peers of color at the predominantly White campus and the ethno-racially diverse regional campuses. Conclusions: The findings highlight the role that the particular geographical-cultural profile of campuses plays in college students’ attitudes toward interracial relationships when considered in tandem with students’ racial background.
Comparative Global Humanities After Man: Alternatives to the Coloniality of Knowledge:

The core concept of ‘the human’ that anchors so many humanities disciplines – history, literature, art history, philosophy, religion, anthropology, political theory, and others – issues from a very...
Exploring the Effect of Porous Structure on ThermalConductivity in Templated Mesoporous Silica Films

This work elucidates the effect of porous structure on thermal conductivity of mesoporous amorphous silica. Sol–gel and nanoparticle-based mesoporous amorphous silica thin films were synthesized by...
Predicting the Expression Profile for Plasmodium Falciparum Genes during the Blood Stage Life Cycle

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by single-celled blood parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most severe cases of this disease are caused by the Plasmodium species, Falciparum. Once infected, a human host experiences symptoms of recurrent and intermittent fevers occurring over a timeframe of 48 hours, attributed to the synchronized developmental cycle of the parasite during the blood stage. To understand the regulated periodicity of Plasmodium Falciparum (P.F) transcription, this paper implements a well-tuned recurrent neural network with gated recurrent units to forecast and predict the Plasmodium Falciparum gene transcription during its blood stage life cycle. We provide results of this prediction on 697 genes and in particular those genes that express possible drug target enzymes. Our results show a high level of accuracy in being able to predict and forecast the expression levels of the different genes.
Cortical and subcortical volume differences between Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes and Childhood Absence Epilepsy.

Abstract Objective Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS) and Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) are the most common childhood epilepsy syndromes and they share a similar age-dependence. However, the two syndromes clearly differ in seizures and EEG patterns. The aim of this study is to investigate whether children of the same age with BECTS, CAE and typically-developing children have significant differences in grey matter volume that may underlie the different profiles of these syndromes. Methods Twenty one patients with newly-diagnosed BECTS and 18 newly diagnosed and drug naive CAE were included and compared to 31 typically-developing children. Voxel-based morphometry was utilized to investigate grey matter volume differences among BECTS, CAE, and controls. We also examined the effect of age on grey matter volume in all three groups. In addition to the whole brain analysis, we chose regions of interest analysis based on previous literature suggesting the involvement of these regions in BECTS or CAE. The group differences of grey matter volume was tested with 2-sample t-test for between two groups’ comparisons and ANOVA for three group comparisons. Results In the whole brain group comparisons, the grey matter volume in CAE was significantly decreased in the areas of right inferior frontal and anterior temporal compared to BECTS and controls (F2,67 = 27.53, p Significance This study shows that there are grey matter volume differences between CAE and BECTS. Our findings of grey matter volume differences may suggest that there may be localized, specific differences in brain structure between these two types of epilepsy.
Evaluating the Risk of Developing Thrombocytopenia Within Five Days of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Septic Patients.

Background:The differential diagnosis for thrombocytopenia in critical illness is often extensive. This study was performed to determine the incidence of thrombocytopenia in septic patients undergo...
Experiential Learning: A Course Design Process for Critical Thinking

This article describes a course design process to improve the effectiveness of using experiential learning techniques to foster critical thinking skills. The authors examine prior research to identify essential dimensions of experiential learning in relation to higher order thinking. These dimensions provide key insights for the selection of experiential techniques within a course. Using these dimensions, the authors propose a course design process to systematically develop an experiential course format that aligns with instructor-specified content and critical thinking objectives. This process is relevant to educators interested in developing critical thinking skills and may serve to promote more effective student learning.
Forty-Four Theses on Globalization

These propositions give an overview of key concerns. They are summary statements of issues raised earlier, alternative views in relation to conventional perspectives and set the stage for subsequent discussions. They are propositions for the sake of clarification, concern questions of perspective and method and are not comprehensive. A section deals with historical and contemporary trends.
Safety and efficacy of anticoagulation in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Rationale: Elevated risk of thrombotic events is a major concern in patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Studies investigating these patients demonstrate high rates of venous and arterial thrombosis. A proposed strategy for prevention of these events involves intensified prophylactic anticoagulation. Retrospective studies have revealed improved outcomes in COVID-19 patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, showing potential benefits of escalated prophylactic dosing. At University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, an anticoagulation guideline for patients with COVID-19 was developed. It stratifies thrombotic risk based on DDimer concentrations, with a threshold for intensifying anticoagulation at 1,000 ng/mL, and further intensification to full anticoagulation at 3,000 ng/mL. This study's purpose was to quantify risks and benefits of this anticoagulation strategy in critically ill patients. Methods: This institution review board approved, single-center, retrospective chart review was performed between March 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020. It included all patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit during their admission. Patients were excluded if they had an indication for therapeutic anticoagulation or an active hemorrhagic event on hospital admission. Primary endpoints included the incidence of thrombotic events and hemorrhagic events. Guideline adherence on initiation of anticoagulation was also assessed. Results: Of the 131 patients screened for inclusion, 101 were included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics include male gender in 51% of patients and median age of 61. Median baseline D-Dimer was 1,361 ng/mL, with a peak of 4,876 ng/mL. High-flow oxygenation or mechanical ventilation was utilized in 73% of patients, with 21% requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Anticoagulation was initiated in accordance with institutional guidelines in 84% of patients. Thrombotic complications (Table 1) were observed in 24% of patients, with a majority of events involving CRRT circuit thrombosis. Hemorrhagic complications (Table 1) were detected in 12% of patients, with several different bleeding sources observed. Increased rates of both thrombotic and hemorrhagic events were noted in patients requiring mechanical ventilation or CRRT. Conclusions: In critically ill COVID-19 patients managed using an institutional COVID-19 anticoagulation guideline, thrombosis occurred in 24% of patients. This incidence is lower than thrombosis rates in COVID-19 literature, and may be associated with the use of our D-Dimer driven guideline. The hemorrhagic event rate of 12% has limited comparable data in literature at this time. These data provide insight on the use of intensified prophylactic anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients. Prospective, randomized trials will be useful in determining optimal anticoagulation management in this patient population.
The impact of gender, age, race/ethnicity, and stage on quality of life in a spectrum of cutaneous lymphomas

Cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) are a group of rare, potentially disfiguring and disabling cancers that can have a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). While previous studies have shown that mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) impair QoL, the effect of other types of CL on QoL has not been evaluated. To determine the impact of disease on QoL in all CL patients and to assess how QoL between the CL sub-types varies by demographic and clinical factors. The Cutaneous Lymphoma Distress Questionnaire (CL-DQ) was used to assess QoL. All CL patients seen in a multidisciplinary CL clinic were screened for eligibility. Questionnaire responses were collected over a 22-month period between 2017 and 2019. A cross-sectional analysis of CL-DQ scores from an initial visit was performed to determine the effect of disease on QoL across CL sub-types and the potential impact of patient demographics, CL sub-type, and type of treatment. The study population consisted of 151 patients presenting with distinct types of cutaneous B- and T-cell lymphomas. Notable across the study population were the findings of frustration (44%), worry about progress/spread (43%), itching/pruritus (32%), and embarrassment/shame (28%). QoL was found to be most negatively affected in SS patients, females, younger patients, Black patients, and those with advanced stages of MF/SS. Impairment of QoL due to CL correlates with gender, age, race/ethnicity, and stage of MF/SS. While the negative impact on QoL is most pronounced in SS patients, other CL sub-types also affect QoL and impact psychosocial distress. Our findings highlight the need for QoL assessment in all CL patients and further examination of disparities noted across demographic groups.
Percepción paterna acerca de su participación en el parto

Antecedentes . La atencion del parto se ha ido modificando progresivamente, dando paso a una atencion personalizada, la cual releva el acompanamiento a la mujer. En Chile hay avances en la materia, aun cuando los estudios suelen estar mas centrados en el efecto en la mujer que en la vivencia de los padres. Conocer su vision es relevante para la promocion de su participacion. Objetivo. Describir la percepcion que tienen los padres acerca de su participacion en el parto. Material y metodo. Estudio cualitativo, que aplico una entrevista semiestructurada a 28 participantes. La informacion fue procesada mediante analisis de contenido cualitativo. Resultados. La percepcion general de los padres acerca de su participacion en el parto es positiva, y saben que es un derecho. Una motivacion central es considerar especial el momento, en el cual deben estar presentes. Valoran haber sido participes, destacan haber podido apoyar a sus parejas, y opinan haber recibido una buena atencion por parte del equipo de salud. No obstante, para algunos fue una experiencia negativa por el sufrimiento de la madre, y por insatisfaccion con la atencion clinica recibida. Cierta insatisfaccion se dio por la resolucion de tipo de parto via cesarea, a pesar de la preferencia por un parto natural. Conclusiones. Los padres valoran su participacion en el parto como experiencia relevante en sus vidas. Se observan condiciones favorables para involucrarlos mas activamente. Se recomienda mayor educacion antenatal, participacion en la decision del tipo de parto, adecuacion fisica hospitalaria, y desarrollo de facilidades y legislacion laboral.
Maybe Small Is Too Small a Term: Introduction to Advancing Small Sample Prevention Science

Prevention research addressing health disparities often involves work with small population groups experiencing such disparities. The goals of this special section are to (1) address the question of what constitutes a small sample; (2) identify some of the key research design and analytic issues that arise in prevention research with small samples; (3) develop applied, problem-oriented, and methodologically innovative solutions to these design and analytic issues; and (4) evaluate the potential role of these innovative solutions in describing phenomena, testing theory, and evaluating interventions in prevention research. Through these efforts, we hope to promote broader application of these methodological innovations. We also seek whenever possible, to explore their implications in more general problems that appear in research with small samples but concern all areas of prevention research. This special section includes two sections. The first section aims to provide input for researchers at the design phase, while the second focuses on analysis. Each article describes an innovative solution to one or more challenges posed by the analysis of small samples, with special emphasis on testing for intervention effects in prevention research. A concluding article summarizes some of their broader implications, along with conclusions regarding future directions in research with small samples in prevention science. Finally, a commentary provides the perspective of the federal agencies that sponsored the conference that gave rise to this special section.
A radical solution to death.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SGS1 encodes a protein related to the human DNA helicases defective in Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Yeast cells lacking the Sgs1 helicase and a related helicase, Srs2, are inviable or grow extremely poorly. The growth defect can be rescued by crippling the homologous recombination repair pathway, indicating that the essential function of these genes is related to recombination
Acute symptomatic influenza A virus (IAV) infection in humans leads to expansion of highly diverse CD8 T cell repertoires crossreactive with persistent Epstein Barr virus (EBV) (HUM8P.344)

The competence of T cell responses predominantly depends on how efficient T cell receptors (TCRs) are at recognizing antigenic epitopes. We show here that during acute severely symptomatic IAV infection there was an expansion of IAV-M1/EBV-BRLF1 and IAV-M1/EBV-BMLF1 double-tetramer+ cells directly ex-vivo in 5 HLA-A2+ patients. We questioned whether this expansion specific to these two different crossreactive responses would lead to alterations in the TCR repertoire of the IAV-M1-58, EBV-BRLF1-109 and BMLF1-280 from before, during and following acute IAV infection. Using staining with Vb MAb we found that T cell responses generated to these epitopes became surprisingly more polyclonal, with the sharing of Vb between M1, BMLF1 and BRLF1 populations which is not seen in healthy donors and which decreased 2 months later consistent with crossreactive expansion. Furthermore, by using single-cell analysis of TCRα and TCRβ repertoire of tetramer sorted IAV-M1 cells we showed dramatic changes in specific clonotype usage and in JA and JB family usage during acute IAV infection compared to before infection. In summary, these changes in TCR repertoire during acute symptomatic IAV infection suggest that during severe infection there is a preferential expansion of highly diverse crossreactive responses between IAV and the persistent virus, EBV, which leads to permanent changes in TCR repertoires to both of these two viruses.
Adaptive Subdivision Schemes for Triangular Meshes

Of late we have seen an increase in the use of subdivision techniques for both modeling and animation. They have given rise to a new surface called the subdivision surface which has many advantages over traditional Non Uniform Rational B-spline (NURB) surfaces. Subdivision surfaces easily address the issues related to multiresolution, refinement, scalability and representation of meshes. Many schemes have been introduced that take a coarse mesh and refine it using subdivision. They can be mainly classified as Approximating — in which the original coarse mesh is not preserved, or Interpolating — wherein the subdivision forces the refined mesh to pass through the original points of the coarse mesh. The schemes used for triangular meshes are chiefly the Loop scheme, which is approximating in nature and the Modified Butterfly scheme which is interpolating. Subdivision schemes are cost intensive at higher levels of subdivision. In this paper we introduce two methods of adaptive subdivision for triangular meshes that make use of the Loop scheme or theModified Butterfly scheme to get approximating or interpolating results respectively. The results are obtained at a lower cost when compared with those obtained by regular subdivision schemes. The first method uses the angles between the normal of a face and the normals of its adjacent faces to develop an adaptive method of subdivision. The other method relies on user input, i.e. the user specifies which parts of the mesh should be subdivided. This process can be automated by segmentation techniques, e.g. watershed segmentation, to get the areas in the mesh that need to be subdivided. We compare our methods for various triangular meshes and present our results.