cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myeloblastoma and acute myelogenous leukemia: Presentation with a cervical neuropathy and complete response to chemotherapy

Myeloblastoma is an uncommon complication of acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia. This is report of a 25-year-old man who was seen with simultaneous acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and a myeloblastoma involving right-sided C7 and C8 nerve roots. The myeloblastoma, visible as a left apical mass on chest radiogram, resolved completely after six days of intensive AML induction chemotherapy. The patient subsequently had a complete remission with total resolution of all neurologic deficits. He remains in remission now 2 1/2 years after initial diagnosis. An abnormal karyotype was present initially which became normal following chemotherapy. This case is an unusual example of myeloblastoma with peripheral nerve involvement. It illustrates that complete and durable resolution of these myeloblastic tumors can be achieved by intensive chemotherapy alone.
Contravariant adaptation on structured matrix spaces

A primary purpose of this paper is to provide a focused tutorial on basic concepts in differential geometry in order to explain the rationale for "natural gradient" adaptation algorithms. A vectorized notation is employed to provide a new derivation of the natural gradient as a pullback. Based on this foundation, contravariant adaptation on structured matrices, such as Bezout, Toeplitz, orthogonal, or Vandermonde, is presented. A target application, with simulations demonstrating results, is blind source separation.
Non-connectedness of the set of equilibrium money prices: The overlapping-generations economy

Abstract Consider the overlapping-generations economy with nominal taxes and transfers. Under some conditions, the set of equilibrium money prices is a non-negative interval. It has not been known whether this set can consist of two or more disjoint intervals. Three examples are provided here in which the set of equilibrium money prices is a non-connected set. The examples are for a finite-horizon balanced economy, an infinite-horizon balanced economy, and an infinite-horizon non-balanced economy.
The non-Markovian approach to the valuation and hedging of European contingent claims on power with scaling spikes

We present and further develop a new approach to modeling power prices with spikes proposed earlier by the author. In contrast to other approaches, we model power prices with spikes as a non-Markovian stochastic process that allows for modeling spikes directly as self-reversing jumps. We show how this approach can be used to value European contingent claims on power with spikes as well as to value and dynamically hedge European contingent claims on forwards on power for power with spikes in a practically important special case of the scaling probability distribution for the magnitude of spikes.
Optimal buffer storage capacity in unpaced lines

Abstract A classic paper by Anderson and Moodie provides models for optimizing interstation buffer capacities for short production lines. This paper refines and extends their results in two important dimensions: (a) for lengthier systems and (b) for generally-distributed workstation processing times. A table provides the line designer with the essential coefficients to find the optimal buffer capacities for many realistic systems.
Prequantum bundles and projective Hilbert geometries

Principal circle bundles with connection and symplectic curvature over Banach manifolds are investigated. Using results on contact manifolds alternate proofs for some results of B. Kostant are given and a symplectic structure for the total space of the corresponding principal ℂ \ {0} bundle is constructed. As an example, these results are applied to the projective fibration of a complex Hilbert space. This gives close relations between the geometric formulation of classical and quantum dynamical systems. As another application, a functorial construction of the prequantization procedure of B. Kostant is given.
Spherical nanoindentation stress–strain curves

Abstract Although indentation experiments have long been used to measure the hardness and Young's modulus, the utility of this technique in analyzing the complete elastic–plastic response of materials under contact loading has only been realized in the past few years – mostly due to recent advances in testing equipment and analysis protocols. This paper provides a timely review of the recent progress made in this respect in extracting meaningful indentation stress–strain curves from the raw datasets measured in instrumented spherical nanoindentation experiments. These indentation stress–strain curves have produced highly reliable estimates of the indentation modulus and the indentation yield strength in the sample, as well as certain aspects of their post-yield behavior, and have been critically validated through numerical simulations using finite element models as well as direct in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements on micro-pillars. Much of this recent progress was made possible through the introduction of a new measure of indentation strain and the development of new protocols to locate the effective zero-point of initial contact between the indenter and the sample in the measured datasets. This has led to an important key advance in this field where it is now possible to reliably identify and analyze the initial loading segment in the indentation experiments. Major advances have also been made in correlating the local mechanical response measured in nanoindentation with the local measurements of structure at the indentation site using complementary techniques. For example, it has been shown that the combined use of Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM, using Electron BackScattered Diffraction (EBSD)) and nanoindentation on polycrystalline metallic samples can yield important information on the orientation dependence of indentation yield stress, which can in turn be used to estimate percentage increase in the local slip resistance in deformed samples. The same methods have been used successfully to probe the intrinsic role of grain boundaries in the overall mechanical deformation of the sample. More recently, these protocols have been extended to characterize local mechanical property changes in the damaged layers in ion-irradiated metals. Similarly, the combined use of Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation on samples of mouse bone has revealed tissue-level correlations between the mineral content at the indentation site and the associated local mechanical properties. The new protocols have also provided several new insights into the buckling response in dense carbon nanotube (CNT) brushes. These and other recent successful applications of nanoindentation are expected to provide the critically needed information for the maturation of physics-based multiscale models for the mechanical behavior of most advanced materials. In this paper, we review these latest developments and identify the future challenges that lie ahead.
Matching social network biometrics using geo-analytical behavioral modeling

Social patterns and graphical representation of geospatial activity is important for describing a person's typical behavior. We discuss a framework using social media and GPS smart phone to track an individual and establish normal activity with a network biometric. An individual's daily routine may include visiting many locations - home, work, shopping, entertainment and other destinations. All of these activities pose a routine or status quo of expected behavior. What has always been difficult, however, is predicting a change to the status quo, or predicting unusual behavior. We propose taking the knowledge of location information over a relatively long period of time and marrying that with modern analytical capabilities. The result is a biometric that can be fused and correlated with another's behavioral biometric to determine relationships. Our solution is based on the analytical environment to support the ingestion of many data sources and the integration of analytical algorithms such as feature extraction, crowd source analysis, open source data mining, trends, pattern analysis and linear game theory optimization. Our framework consists of a hierarchy of data, space, time, and knowledge entities. We exploit such statistics to predict behavior or activity based on past observations. We use multivariate mutual information as a measure to compare behavioral biometrics.
Electrical and optical properties of a novel nonconjugated conductive polymer, poly(β‐pinene)

Electrical conductivity in a novel nonconjugated conductive polymer, poly(β-pinene), has been measured as a function of molar concentration of iodine. The conductivity increases about 10 orders of magnitude to a maximum value ˜8 × 10−3 S/cm. The molar concentration of iodine, corresponding to saturation, is ˜0.85. The optical absorption measurements after light doping have shown two peaks: one at 4.0 eV and the other at 3.1 eV. The first peak is due to the radical cation, and the second due to the charge-transfer between the double bond and the dopant. As observed in other nonconjugated conductive polymers, the second peak becomes broader and undergoes a red shift, upon higher doping. The FTIR spectroscopic studies have shown that the CC stretching vibration at 1610 cm−1 and the CH bending vibration band at 728 cm−1 decrease upon doping, because of decrease of double bonds. Photoluminescence studies of poly(β-pinene) show a maximum value at 360 nm for excitation at 280 nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3695–3698, 2005
Progesterone Administration and Progressive Sleep Apneas

Nine adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were administered medroxyprogesterone acetate, 60 to 120 mg/day, and the effect of medroxyprogesterone on clinical symptoms and obstructive apneas during sleep was assessed. Four patients responded with resolution of daytime sleepiness, disappearance of pedal edema, and a decrease in the number of obstructive apneas during sleep. Cessation of therapy led to a return of daytime sleepiness in three and an increase in obstructive apneas in all four subjects. Two responders experienced side effects of alopecia or decreased libido. Before medroxyprogesterone therapy, responders were distinguished from nonresponders only by the presence of a significantly lower resting arterial oxygen tension during wakefulness. We characterize a subgroup of patients who benefit from medroxyprogesterone therapy by reducing obstructive apneas during sleep. ( JAMA 1981;245:1230-1232)
Comprehensive interfaced pyrolysis gas chromatographic peak identification system

Abstract A versatile interfaced pyrolysis gas chromatographic peak identification system has been set up. It incorporates instrumentation for thermal degradatio
POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF THE NEXT GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ON THE SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL

This paper reviews the impact that the next generation programming environment may have on the software process model. In doing so it informally defines the concept of a next generation language and seriously considers the concerns of software development, validation, verification, and evolution within the context of a future abstraction.
Quantifying microbially induced deterioration of concrete: initial studies

Abstract Microbially induced concrete corrosion damages concrete structures, especially sewage collection systems, throughout the world, costing municipalities millions of dollars worldwide. The overall theory explaining microbial deterioration of concrete is quite well developed in the literature. There is, however, very little information of a quantitative nature that can be used to model the process. This manuscript presents a review of the current literature, shares the initial results of studies designed to quantify and model the process, and makes some suggestions of further areas of research needed to advance modeling of the process. Initial results have revealed that widely varying numbers of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (ASOM) and neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (NSOM) are present in the sewage inoculum. Numbers as high as 10 6 MPN/100 ml and as low as non-detectable have been found in sewage. A small number, 0.12 ( MPN/cm 2 )/( MPN /100 ml ) ASOM and 0.04 ( MPN/cm 2 )/( MPN /100 ml ) NSOM are able to attach to initially weathered concrete and then even smaller numbers of these, 1% ASOM and 3% NSOM, survive to colonize and further reduce the pH of the concrete. These set up the microbial succession required for the full development of the concrete deterioration process. More data quantifying the environmental conditions that effect the numbers of SOM in sewage and their survival on concrete is required before an accurate model of the entire deterioration process can be developed.
Results of knee manipulations after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions

We analyzed the results of knee manipulations in 42 knees that had persistent flexion or extension deficits after intraarticular ACL reconstructions. All manipula tions were done under a spinal or general anesthetic and, in 10 cases, arthroscopic debridement of adhe sions also was performed. The average time from re construction to manipulation was 7 months (range, 3 to 14 months) and the average followup was 26 months (range, 6 to 56 months). At manipulation, average flex ion was increased from 95° to 136° and average ex tension from 11° to 3°. In no case was motion gained at the expense of joint stability and, at final followup, average flexion and extension were 127° and 4°, re spectively. The final range of motion achieved was not affected by the time to manipulation, severity of pre manipulation flexion deficit, or concomitant arthro scopic debridement of adhesions. However, knees with premanipulation extension deficits of ≥15° achieved significantly less final extension than knees with lesser preman...
Acute Infectious Diarrhea

An otherwise healthy 23-year-old man presents after the acute onset of watery diarrhea that has persisted for two days. He reports associated nausea and cramping but no emesis and is febrile, with a temperature of 38.7°C (101.7°F). How should he be evaluated and treated?
Abridgment of the condenser motor

After a brief description of the construction and connections of the condenser motor, the necessity of varying the capacitance is discussed and the performance at start and under load considered. Locus diagrams illustrating the operating performance in detail are given, followed by a more detailed discussion of starting torque. The Appendix gives the mathematical derivation of many of the formulas discussed.
Relationship-based Social Awareness Disclosure

In online learning environments where learners do not have many opportunities to access social information, students social awareness of their peers is generally low and their ability to project themselves socially in the learning community is also minimal. With social awareness information, learners can portray themselves as feeling, intentional, thinking, and social human beings. This paper reports online learners perceptions of useful social information in online learning environments, and their level of willingness to share itemized social awareness information with various relationship-based audiences.
Motion Pictures: An Update Survey of Reference Sources, 1982-1988

The emphasis of this survey is on motion picture reference material that has been published since 1982. This update does not, for the most part, include titles covered in a prior RSR article (1:4; 1983), written by myself, or in an even earlier article by Leslie Kane (7:1; 1979). In those few instances where titles that have appeared in the earlier RSR film surveys are discussed, it is because they now have a new subject emphasis.
An Overview of Lightning Locating Systems: History, Techniques, and Data Uses, With an In-Depth Look at the U.S. NLDN

Lightning in all corners of the world is monitored by one or more land- or space-based lightning locating systems (LLSs). The applications that have driven these developments are numerous and varied. This paper describes the history leading to modern LLSs that sense lightning radiation fields at multiple remote sensors, focusing on the interactions between enabling technology, scientific discovery, technical development, and uses of the data. An overview of all widely used detection and location methods is provided, including a general discussion of their relative strengths and weaknesses for various applications. The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) is presented as a case study, since this LLS has been providing real-time lightning information since the early 1980s, and has provided continental-scale (U.S.) information to research and operational users since 1989. This network has also undergone a series of improvements during its >20-year life in response to evolving detection technologies and expanding requirements for applications. Recent analyses of modeled and actual performance of the current NLDN are also summarized. The paper concludes with a view of the short- and long-term requirements for improved lightning measurements that are needed to address some open scientific questions and fill the needs of emerging applications.
Effects of zinc and essential fatty acid deficiencies on the lymphatic absorption of vitamin A and secretion of phospholipids

Abstract Effects of zinc (Zn) and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiencies on the rates of lymphatic absorption of vitamin A and output of phospholipid (LP) were investigated. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design: (1) Zn and EFA deficient (−Zn−EFA), (2) Zn deficient and EFA adequate (−Zn+EFA), (3) Zn adequate and EFA deficient (+Zn−EFA), and (4) Zn and EFA adequate (+Zn+EFA). At 9 weeks, rats with lymph cannula were infused at 3 mL/hr via an intraduodenal catheter with a triolein emulsion containing 5.4 μCi 3 H-retinol ( 3 H-ROH). The lymphatic absorption of 3 H-ROH was lowered markedly in −Zn rats. The rates of 3 H-ROH absorption in −Zn−EFA and −Zn+EFA groups were 0.44 and 0.58 nmol/hr, respectively, compared with 0.78 nmol/hr in +Zn−EFA and 0.98 nmol/hr in +Zn+EFA rats. Dietary EFA alone produced only a mild effect on 3 H-ROH absorption. Similarly, the effect of dietary Zn on the lymphatic output of PL was more pronounced than that of EFA. The output of PL was correlated closely with the absorption of 3 H-ROH ( r = 0.90). No interaction between dietary Zn and EFA was noted in the lymphatic 3 H-ROH absorption or PL output. The lymphatic output of linoleic acid (LA) or arachidonic acid (AA) in −Zn rats was approximately 50% of that in their respective Zn adequate controls. However, the PL output in −Zn rats was not related to the amount of EFAs released in the lymph. Dietary Zn had no effect on the rate of intestinal PL synthesis, as determined by incubating a micellar solution of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and 3 H-palmitic ( 3 H-PA) or 3 H-arachidonic acid ( 3 H-AA) in a jejunal loop in situ. Dietary EFA also did not affect the rate of 3 H-PA incorporation into PL. However, the rate of 3 H-AA incorporation into PL was significantly lower in −EFA rats than in +EFA rats. In −EFA rats, more 3 H-AA was distributed in phosphatidylethanolamine and less in phosphatidylcholine, compared with +EFA groups. The findings indicate that Zn deficiency has a pronounced adverse effect on the lymphatic absorption of retinol, with no interactive effect with dietary EFA. The lowering of 3 H-retinol absorption in −Zn rats is correlated highly with a decrease in lymphatic PL output. The decreased PL output is not due to a defect in the intestinal acylation of LPC but probably to impaired biliary secretion of PL into the intestine.
Thermal transition temperature of connective tissues from marinated spent hen drumsticks

Summary Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the effects of marination on the thermal transition temperature of connective tissues from spent hen drumsticks. Samples were heated in the calorimeter from 20 to 90°C at 10°C min1. Collagen of untreated epimysium, tendon and skin exhibited denaturation temperatures of 69.9, 72.0 and 69.4°C, respectively. As a result of marinating the samples in 2% NaCl, 1.5% acetic or lactic acid solutions for 72 h, significant (P< 0.05) decreases in the denaturation temperature of collagen were observed. Significant reductions of thermal resistance and degradation of collagen were observed in samples marinated in acid solutions. the denaturation temperatures of collagen obtained for epimysium were between 39-66°C and 38-67°C for acetic acid and lactic acid treatments, respectively. the heat resistance of collagen was partially reversible after removal of salt or acid ions by dialysis with distilled water.
Dependence of the dynamic moduli of heterogeneous nematic polymers on planar anchoring relative to flow direction

We analyze the dynamic moduli of nematic polymers in a parallel plate oscillatory shear experiment from a Doi–Marrucci–Greco orientation tensor formulation, paying special attention to the inherent connection between rheological properties and wall anchoring conditions. We assume standard experimental procedures in which the plates have been rubbed to achieve strong nematic anchoring parallel to the rubbing direction. We derive the heterogeneous, harmonic response of the nematic liquid in the weak oscillatory shear regime of linear viscoelasticity. The response function is parameterized by the orientational anchoring condition and, in particular, by the angle of rotation between the rubbing direction and the flow direction. From this analysis, we read off the frequency-dependent storage and loss moduli. The dominant effect is in the storage modulus where for high frequencies rubbing aligned with the vorticity axis can cause G ′ to be two to three orders of magnitude larger than rubbing in the flow direction. This anchoring dependency shows the significance of the order parameter fluctuations of tensor-based models: the Leslie–Ericksen theory predicts zero storage modulus for vorticity-aligned anchoring. For low frequencies, this effect is reversed with flow-aligned anchoring maximizing G ′ in a manner similar to the Leslie–Ericksen theory although we predict a nonzero modulus for vorticity-aligned anchoring.
Architecture-Level Soft Error Analysis: Examining the Limits of Common Assumptions

This paper concerns the validity of a widely used method for estimating the architecture-level mean time to failure (MTTF) due to soft errors. The method first calculates the failure rate for an architecture-level component as the product of its raw error rate and an architecture vulnerability factor (AVF). Next, the method calculates the system failure rate as the sum of the failure rates (SOFR) of all components, and the system MTTF as the reciprocal of this failure rate. Both steps make significant assumptions. We investigate the validity of the AVF+SOFR method across a large design space, using both mathematical and experimental techniques with real program traces from SPEC 2000 benchmarks and synthesized traces to simulate longer real-world workloads. We show that AVF+SOFR is valid for most of the realistic cases under current raw error rates. However, for some realistic combinations of large systems, long-running workloads with large phases, and/or large raw error rates, the MTTF calculated using AVF+SOFR shows significant-discrepancies from that using first principles. We also show that SoftArch, a previously proposed alternative method that does not make the AVF+SOFR assumptions, does not exhibit the above discrepancies.
A characterization of the scientific data analysis process

Extensible scientific visualization tools are often offered as data analysis tools. While images may be the goal of visualization, insight is the goal of analysis. Visualization tools often fail to reflect this fact both in functionality and in their user interfaces, which typically focus on graphics and programming concepts rather than on concepts more meaningful to end-user scientists. This paper presents a characterization which shows how data visualization fits into the broader process of scientific data analysis. We conducted an empirical study, observing scientists from several disciplines while they analyzed their own data. Examination of the observations exposed process elements outside conventional image viewing. For example, analysts queried for quantitative information, made a variety of comparisons, applied math, managed data, and kept records. The characterization of scientific data analysis reveals activity beyond that traditionally supported by computer. It offers an understanding which has the potential to be applied to many future designs, and suggests specific recommendations for improving the support of this important aspect of scientific computing.
Water, solute and protein diffusion in physiologically responsive hydrogels of poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol)

Grafted poly (methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol) [P(MAA-g-EG)] copolymers were synthesized and their pH sensitivity was investigated. P(MAA-g-EG) membranes showed pH sensitivity due to complex formation and dissociation. Uncomplexed equilibrium swelling ratios were 40 to 90 times higher than those of the complexed states and varied according to copolymer composition and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) graft length. Mesh sizes in the two states were determined. Swelling under oscillatory pH conditions revealed the dynamic sensitivity of P(MAA-g-EG) membranes as well as the diffusional mechanisms causing network expansion and collapse. Network collapse (complexation) occurred more rapidly than network expansion (decomplexation). A Boltzmann superposition model was used to analyse this behaviour. Mechanical testing was used to evaluate the strength of P(MAA-g-EG) membranes and to elucidate the mesh size under various conditions. Solute diffusion coefficients were higher in uncomplexed than in complexed P(MAA-g-EG) membranes and decreased as solute size increased. Lower diffusion coefficients were observed with membranes or hydrogels containing longer PEG grafts, since in the uncomplexed state the PEG grafts dangled into the polymer mesh space. Membrane permeability was responsive to changing pH conditions, and separation of solutes was achieved.
Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Executive Functioning in Musicians and Non-Musicians

Executive functions (EF) are cognitive capacities that allow for planned, controlled behavior and strongly correlate with academic abilities. Several extracurricular activities have been shown to improve EF, however, the relationship between musical training and EF remains unclear due to methodological limitations in previous studies. To explore this further, two experiments were performed; one with 30 adults with and without musical training and one with 27 musically trained and untrained children (matched for general cognitive abilities and socioeconomic variables) with a standardized EF battery. Furthermore, the neural correlates of EF skills in musically trained and untrained children were investigated using fMRI. Adult musicians compared to non-musicians showed enhanced performance on measures of cognitive flexibility, working memory, and verbal fluency. Musically trained children showed enhanced performance on measures of verbal fluency and processing speed, and significantly greater activation in pre-SMA/SMA and right VLPFC during rule representation and task-switching compared to musically untrained children. Overall, musicians show enhanced performance on several constructs of EF, and musically trained children further show heightened brain activation in traditional EF regions during task-switching. These results support the working hypothesis that musical training may promote the development and maintenance of certain EF skills, which could mediate the previously reported links between musical training and enhanced cognitive skills and academic achievement.
Best practices for photovoltaic household electrification programs

The Asia Alternative Energy Unit (ASTAE) has examined solar home system programs worldwide over the past three years, focusing on four specific countries. The results from these case studies, which include Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the Dominican Republic and the Philippines, have assisted in identifying the key ingredients of successful photovoltaic (PV) programs as well as approaches to remove financial and institutional barriers of PV use in developing countries. These findings emphasize the need to overcome the initial cost barrier of solar home systems, establish responsive and sustainable infrastructure and provide quality products and services. The advantages of solar home systems are highlighted and comparisons are made between PV use and traditional options, such as extending the grid. Major obstacles to PV promotional projects are discussed along with recommended solutions and best practices.
Adaptive nonlinear output feedback tracking with a partial high-gain observer and backstepping

An adaptive output feedback controller for nonlinear systems with nonlinearities depending on the first r (1/spl les/r/spl les/n) derivatives of the output is proposed. The derivatives are estimated with a partial state high-gain observer, and the remaining states are handled using a backstepping method. Compared with methods based on full state high-gain observer, this approach improves robustness with respect to measurement noise and avoids overparametrization. Semiglobal tracking is proven under the assumption that the regressor is persistently exciting.
CDC consultation on methamphetamine use and sexual risk behavior for HIV/STD infection : Summary and suggestions

In January 2005, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a national consultation of scientists, public health officials, and community service providers to address growing concerns about the association of methamphetamine use and sexual risk behavior for HIV/STD infection, which is well documented among men who have sex with men. The purpose of the consultation was to review a representation of the current state of the science and practice on the topic in order to reduce the situational link of methamphetamine use and sexual risk. A set of suggestions for future research and programs were developed by the participants. This article provides a summary of content and recommendations from the consultation, and not an exhaustive review of the literature.
`Poetry', `Hymns' and `Traditional Material' in New Testament Epistles or How to Do Things with Indentations*:

This article explores ancient rhetorical conceptions of poetry, prose and hymn in order to better understand what should perhaps be called the epideictic or encomiastic elements of some New Testament epistles. It surveys and criticizes previous methods for isolating the supposedly poetic or hymnic portions of these texts. Furthermore, the article analyzes the hermeneutical effects of a seemingly unremarkable editorial decision, the act of indenting such texts in the New Testament. This editorial action normally signifies `poetry', `hymns', or `traditional material' to a particular community of readers, namely the guild of New Testament scholarship. The article argues that the act of indenting bears more rhetorical force than has been previously acknowledged. It concludes with an ideological analysis of that editorial decision.
Dynamic Resource Allocation with Outage Probability Constraint for Fading Wireless Channels

In this paper we present a new dynamic resource allocation scheme that enables us to trade-off ergodic capacity for outage probability. We first derive optimal bandwidth and time adaptation policies with constant transmit power subject to average bandwidth and time constraints. These policies lead to maximum ergodic capacities with respect to fixed allocation policies. On the other hand, in the context of water-filling algorithms fixed allocation schemes result in minimum average capacity but have the advantage of simultaneously minimizing outage probability. Our proposed resource allocation technique is a convex combination of adaptive and fixed allocation policies where the outage probability is controlled by varying the boundary between fixed and dynamic allocations. We then apply our algorithm to multiple access networks and using numerical results show that our algorithm is effective in managing the trade-off between average capacity and outage probability for both TDMA and FDMA schemes.
Anti-biased RF MEMS varactor topology for 20–25 dB linearity enhancement

A new topology for significantly improving the linearity of RF MEMS varactors is reported in this paper. A single MEMS varactor subject to a low frequency noise and/or modulating signal is the main structure under consideration. The key idea is to separate the single varactor into two varactors in parallel, which are anti-biased. This leads to out-of-phase vibration of the two beams under the influence of the low-frequency noise and/or modulating signal, which eventually leads to a nearly constant capacitance value of the entire topology. The effectiveness of the new method is demonstrated by both measured results from fabricated RF MEMS varactors and simulated results using a large-signal model of MEMS varactor in Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS). Both experimental and simulated results indicate an improvement of 20‥25 dB compared to the conventional design when the varactors are biased close to their pull-in voltage and the low-frequency signal is close to their self-resonant frequency. This underlines the potential of the proposed topology in high-power RF MEMS circuits.
Finite Deformation and Fluid Flow in Unsaturated Soils with Random Heterogeneity

The first law of thermodynamics suggests an energy-conjugate relationship among degree of saturation, suction stress, and density of an unsaturated porous material. Experimental evidence affirms that this constitutive relationship exists and that the water retention curves are dependent on the specific volume or density of the material. This constitutive feature must be incorporated into the mathematical formulation of boundary-value problems involving finite deformation. We present a fully coupled hydromechanical formulation in the finite deformation range that incorporates the variation of degree of saturation with the Kirchhoff suction stress and the Jacobian determinant of the solid-phase motion. A numerical simulation of solid deformation–fluid flow in unsaturated soil with randomly distributed density and degree of saturation demonstrates an intricate but well-established coupling of the hydromechanical processes. As deformation localizes into a persistent shear band, we show that bifurcation of the hydromechanical response manifests itself not only in the form of a softening behavior but also through bifurcation of the state paths on the water-retention surface.
Potential pathogens, antimicrobial patterns and genotypic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater

Escherichia coli populations originating from swine houses through constructed wetlands were analyzed for potential pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and genotypic diversity. Escherichia coli isolates (n = 493) were screened for the presence of the following virulence genes: stx1, stx2 and eae (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli [STEC]), heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) genes and heat stable toxin STa and STb (enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), cytotoxin necrotizing factors 1 and 2 (cnf1 and cnf2 [necrotoxigenic E. coli- NTEC]), as well as O and H antigens, and the presence of the antibiotic resistance genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY-2, tet A, tet B, tet C, mph(A), aadA, StrA/B, sul1, sul2 and sul3. The commensal strains were further screened for 16 antimicrobials and characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR for unique genotypes. The highest antibiotic resistance prevalence was for tetracycline, followed by erythromycin, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and kanamycin. Our data showed that most of the isolates had high distribution of single or multidrug-resistant (MDR) genotypes. Therefore, the occurrence of MDR E. coli in the wetland is a matter of great concern due to possible transfer of resistance genes from nonpathogenic to pathogenic strains or vice versa in the environment.
Pentoxifylline blocks hepatic stellate cell activation independently of phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity

Activated, but not quiescent, hepatic stellate cells (lipocytes) have a high level of collagen type I and smooth muscle actin (SMA) gene expression. Therefore, stellate cell activation is a critical step in hepatic fibrosis. The mechanisms leading to stellate cell activation in vivo are unknown. The characteristic hepatic oxidative stress cascade induced in rats by CCl4 markedly stimulated stellate cell entry into S phase, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activity, and c-myb expression. These changes were prevented by pentoxifylline, which also decreased CCl4-induced hepatic injury. As expected, cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of CREB-Ser133 was induced in vivo in stellate cells by pentoxifylline but not by its metabolite 5, an N-1 carboxypropyl derivative, which lacks phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. Stellate cell nuclear extracts from CCl4-treated, but not from control, animals formed a complex with the critical promoter E box of the alpha-SMA gene, which was disrupted by c-myb antibodies and competed with by c-myb cognate DNA. Treatment with pentoxifylline or metabolite 5 prevented the molecular abnormalities characteristic of stellate cell activation induced by CCl4. These results suggest that induction of c-myb plays an important role in the in vivo activation of stellate cells. Pentoxifylline blocks stellate cell activation in vivo independently of its inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterases by interfering with the oxidative stress cascade and the activation of NF-kappa B and c-myb.
Analysis of minimal residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by RQ-PCR

Objective To establish a real-time polymerase chain reaction for quantitative detection of TEL/AML1,BCR/ABL,E2A/PBX1, MLL/AF4 fusion gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and explore its clinical value in monitoring minimal residual disease. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantitatively detect the expression of TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL, E2A/PBX1, MLL/AF4 fusion gene in 376 newly diagnosed ALL patients. And then, therapeutic response was retrospectively analyzed Results(1)The fusion genes were positive in 153 ALL children, 91 cases(24.2%) expressed TEL/AML1,26 cases(6.9%) expressed BCR/ABL, 27 cases(7.2%) expressed E2A/PBX1, 9 cases(2.4%) expressed MLL/AF4.(2) 13 cases of TEL/AML1 positive children still expressed the fusion gene at the end of induction treatment, 2 cases still expressed the fusion gene at the end of intensive treatment, and none relapsed during follow-up. 19 cases of BCR/ABL positive children still expressed the fusion gene at the end of induction treatment, 9 cases still expressed the fusion gene at the end of intensive treatment, 5 cases relapsed and 2 cases died during follow-up. 8 cases of E2A/PBX1 positive children still expressed the fusion gene at the end of induction treatment,4 cases still expressed the fusion gene at the end of intensive treatment, and 1 case relapsed during follow-up.6 cases of MLL/AF4 positive children still expressed the fusion gene at the end of induction treatment,3 cases still expressed the fusion gene at the end of intensive treatment, 2 cases relapsed and 1 case died during follow-up. Conclusion Measurement of fusion genes levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction is useful for monitoring minimal residual disease,predicting relapse and guiding individual treatment.
Treatment of diabetes in the elderly. Addressing its complexities in this high-risk group.

PREVIEWDiabetes is becoming increasingly common in the elderly, affecting more than one person in five. In this group, type 2 diabetes is by far the more prevalent form. Despite this major public health concern, evidence-based information specific to older adults with diabetes is surprisingly lacking. Complicating the medical picture, the elderly commonly have a host of comorbidities that can influence diabetes treatment and therapeutic goals. Here, the authors present an overview of therapy, discussing the antidiabetic agents available and their best use in the older population with diabetes.
Molecular Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the molecular mechanisms regulating iNOS expression and the pathways governing iNOS transcription. It reveals how the epigenetic control mechanisms regulate human iNOS expression. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and NO production can be stimulated in many cell types with suitable agents such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, growth factors, and other compounds. Many signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of iNOS expression, such as IKK-I k B-NF- k B, JAK-STATs, PI3K-Akt, MAPKs, as well as the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Specific nuclear transcription factors include NF- k B, STAT-1, IRF-1, AP-1, Oct1, C/EBPβ, and others that interact with their cis-acting DNA binding elements in the iNOS promoter and induce iNOS transcription. The molecular regulation of the rodent and human iNOS genes is complex and involves transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational, and epigenetic control mechanisms. Although transcriptional regulation is the predominant control mechanism, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation also play critical roles in iNOS expression. A plethora of cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and transcription factors coordinate the expression of a tightly controlled iNOS gene. Induced NO synthesis has both beneficial and detrimental consequences depending upon the physiologic environment and magnitude of expression. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms regulating iNOS expression is crucial for the development of therapies to modulate iNOS expression under pathophysiologic conditions.
How the Ganetzky lab drove me to alcohol

This is a brief reminiscence of my time in the Ganetzky lab from 1986–1990 and its effect on my scientific trajectory.
Employment Characteristics and Salaries of Psychologists in United States Medical Schools: Past and Current Trends

In 1997 the Research Office of the American Psychological Association (APA) collaborated with the Association of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP) to conduct a comprehensive employment and salary survey of psychologists employed in medical schools and academic health centers. Questionnaires were mailed to 3894 psychologists; postcard reminders and a follow-up mailing to nonresponders resulted in a final 50% response rate. The questionnaire addressed appointment characteristics, department and school characteristics, employment activities, salary information, demographics, and changes in the medical school work environment that have occurred as a result of managed care. This survey, the 1997 Employment Characteristics and Salaries of Medical School Psychologists, is the most comprehensive analysis to date of the practice of psychology in U.S. schools of medicine and academic health centers. This article reports the most salient findings from this survey.
APS-U Definitions of Signs and Conventions Related to Magnets

The APS-U is planned to be a 4th generation hard X-ray light source utilizing a multi-bend achromat (MBA) magnet lattice. The MBA lattice will be installed in the existing APS storage ring enclosure. The stored electron beam will circulate clockwise when viewed from above. The X-ray beamlines will for the most part exit at the same source points as the present APS. This document defines the signs and conventions related to the APS-U MBA magnets. Included in this document are: the local magnet coordinate system, definitions of mechanical and magnetic centers, definitions of multipole field errors, magnetic roll angle, and magnet polarities.
J-EDS Comes of Age

It seems like yesterday that the inaugural issue of IEEE Journal of Electron Devices Society (J-EDS) was published on January 1st 2013. Since then, the question keeps resurfacing why a 3rd publication was launched since Electron Devices Society already had Transactions on Electron Devices (T-ED) and Electron Device Letters (EDL) as its flagship publications. While the answer to this question was published in an earlier editorial [1] let me revisit this question briefly to set the stage for the material to follow.
Shadow Banking and Financial Regulation

This is one of three lectures I am giving in December 2012 at universities and government agencies in Shanghai and Beijing. In the context of comparing Western and Chinese shadow banking concerns and regulatory responses, this lecture addresses three broad questions: What is shadow banking (including its scope and participants)? What is, or could be, the impact of shadow banking on financial market and systemic risk? Should shadow banking be regulated and, if so, how?
Primary metaphors: Importance as size and weight in a comparative perspective

ABSTRACTThis is a linguistic study of two primary metaphors with the same target-domain concept, “IMPORTANCE IS SIZE” and “IMPORTANCE IS WEIGHT,” in English and Chinese. It is suggested that these two primary metaphors are derived from the OBJECT image schema, abstracted from our embodied, sensorimotor experience, especially our visual and tactile perception, in dealing with physical objects in everyday life. The study focuses on size and weight adjectives in both languages and on linguistic evidence in two areas: their lexicalizations of the importance senses as found in the dictionaries, and their roles in the instantiation of the two primary metaphors in natural discourse as found in the corpora. Our further analysis also shows that the primary metaphors can be manifested without explicit use of size and weight words when relevant conceptual frames in the source, evoked by other words or images, are mapped onto the target domain, thus activating the relevant region of our encyclopedic knowledge and tri...
This Is Why They Leave You: Workplace Bullying and Insight to Junior Faculty Departure

Workplace bullying may be an understudied area in higher education, yet the most vulnerable population, junior faculty members, receive even less attention. Based on a data collection in late 2016/early 2017, this data analysis of 257 graduate students and junior faculty from nine countries considered the question, what is the frequency of workplace bullying for junior faculty and graduate students? A second research question was, does workplace bullying influence career decisions for junior faculty and graduate students. Findings showed that close to 63% of respondents faced workplace bullying. Many of their comments revealed shock and dismay that administration turned a blind eye to bullying behaviors. Further, close to 80% of the respondents stated that the organization did not take action when learning about bullying, and 32% considered leaving the higher education sector. For further consideration, this study included the open-ended comments of junior faculty as they reflected on workplace bullying and how it had an impact on their career trajectory.