cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast packet classification using bloom filters

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), although widely used for general packet classification, is an expensive and high power-consuming device. Algorithmic solutions which rely on commodity memory chips are relatively inexpensive and power-efficient but have not been able to match the generality and performance of TCAMs. Therefore, the development of fast and power-efficient algorithmic packet classification techniques continues to be a research subject. In this paper we propose a new approach to packet classification which combines architectural and algorithmic techniques. Our starting point is the well-known crossproduct algorithm which is fast but has significant memory overhead due to the extra rules needed to represent the crossproducts. We show how to modify the crossproduct method in a way that drastically reduces the memory requirement without compromising on performance. Unnecessary accesses to the off-chip memory are avoided by filtering them through on- chip Bloom filters. For packets that match p rules in a rule set, our algorithm requires just 4+p+epsiv independent memory accesses to return all matching rules, where epsiv Lt 1 is a small constant that depends on the false positive rate of the Bloom filters. Using two commodity SRAM chips, a throughput of 38 million packets per second can be achieved. For rule set sizes ranging from a few hundred to several thousand filters, the average rule set expansion factor attributable to the algorithm is just 1.2 to 1.4. The average memory consumption per rule is 32 to 45 bytes.
Detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones to exclude inherited bone marrow failure syndromes

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) and acquired aplastic anemia (AA) are life-threatening bone marrow failure (BMF) disorders. These entities can be difficult to distinguish because they both present with pancytopenia and a hypocellular marrow (1, 2). IBMFS can be caused by germline mutations that result in impaired DNA repair (e.g., Fanconi anemia), abnormally short telomeres (e.g., dyskeratosis congenita), ribosomopathies (e.g., Schwachman– Bodian–Diamond syndrome), abnormalities in the thrombopoietin gene (amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia), or other causes (3). However, the majority of AA is acquired and mediated by immune destruction of hematopoietic progenitors. In contrast to IBMFS, acquired AA is often responsive to immunosuppressive therapy (4). It is therefore critical to distinguish between these two etiologies, both for diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired bone marrow failure disorder characterized by clonal populations of hematopoietic progenitors with somatic mutations in PIGA. The PIGA gene product is necessary for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein (GPI-AP) biosynthesis. Up to 70% of patients with acquired AA have a small PNH clone at diagnosis (5, 6). The deficiency of GPI-AP on the surface of these mutated stem cells renders them relatively resistant to immune attack; thus, the cells do not have an inherent proliferative advantage but rather have a conditional advantage because they escape immune destruction (6). This is believed to be the basis for the high incidence of PNH clones in AA. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that the presence of a PNH clone could distinguish immune vs. genetic causes of AA.
Endoscopic ultrasound – fine needle aspiration of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose avid lymph nodes seen on positron emission tomography- computed tomography –what looks like cancer may not always be so

Background Patients suffering from malignancies often undergo serial positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) scans, using 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for diagnosis and follow up. This principle may also be applied to benign conditions as inflammatory cells take up increased amounts of FDG as well. The aim of our study was to retrospectively review the cytological diagnoses made at EUS-FNA of FDG-avid PET-CT lesions in patients with a history of cancer and to determine whether the cause of FDG-avidity was neoplastic or benign.
Selective, accurate, and timely self-invalidation using last-touch prediction

Communication in cache-coherent distributed shared memory (DSM) often requires invalidating (or writing back) cached copies of a memory block, incurring high overheads. This paper proposes Last-Touch Predictors (LTPs) that learn and predict the “last touch” to a memory block by one processor before the block is accessed and subsequently invalidated by another. By predicting a last-touch and (self-)invalidating the block in advance, an LTP hides the invalidation time, significantly reducing the coherence overhead. The key behind accurate last-touch prediction is trace-based correlation, associating a last-touch with the sequence of instructions (i.e., a trace) touching the block from a coherence miss until the block is invalidated. Correlating instructions enables an LTP to identify a last-touch to a memory block uniquely throughout an application's execution.In this paper, we use results from running shared-memory applications on a simulated DSM to evaluate LTPs. The results indicate that: (1) our base case LTP design, maintaining trace signatures on a per-block basis, substantially improves prediction accuracy over previous self-invalidation schemes to an average of 79%; (2) our alternative LTP design, maintaining a global trace signature table, reduces storage overhead but only achieves an average accuracy of 58%; (3) last-touch prediction based on a single instruction only achieves an average accuracy of 41% due to instruction reuse within and across computation; and (4) LTP enables selective, accurate, and timely self-invalidation in DSM, speeding up program execution on average by 11%.
Nuclear Density Readings and Core Densities: A Comparative Study

Presented are the findings of an investigation performed to identify possible correlations between nuclear density gauge readings and core density results. The nuclear density data were collected on a Superpave section of I-95 in Brevard County, Florida. Core samples also were obtained from this section for laboratory density determination. Five gauge units [Troxler models 3401, 3440 (two units), 3450, and 4640] and three core density methods (Florida test method FM 1-T 166, ASTM D1188, and dimensional analysis) were considered. The relationships among the core density results were analyzed, then an investigation of the correlation among the different gauges used in this study was evaluated. Finally, the performance of each of the units with respect to the core density results was assessed. The findings indicated that the five nuclear gauge density units did not always produce similar results and did not consistently correlate with the core densities. In addition, the nuclear density testing variability d...
A Selection Artifact in Delinquency Data Revisited

Studies of correctional programs have observed that delinquents exhibit a sharp rise in their arrest rates up to the time of intervention, and that they continue their activity after their release from the programs, but at a lower rate. The nature of this phenomenon has precipitated controversy; one school of thought attributes it to the effectiveness of the correctional programs, another claims that it may be due largely to a selection artifact. An analysis proposed in a recent article by Maltz and Pollock supported the artifact hypothesis. In this paper, we point out an error in Maltz and Pollock's analysis, and show analytically and by simulation that the correction of this error reduces the size of the selection artifact. However, it is still plausible to the attribute the observed phenomenon to a selection artifact.
El papel de la propensión al riesgo en las decisiones de voto: El caso de las elecciones mexicanas del año 2000

Previous important studies examine the role of "risk" propensity in shaping vote choices in Mexico. However, none of these studies determine the degree to which short and long term factors influence a traditionally risk averse respondent's enthusiasm to vote for an opposition party. Using data from the 2000 election, a campaign where risk
Perceptual Learning In The Developing Auditory Cortex

A hallmark of the developing auditory cortex is the heightened plasticity in the critical period, during which acoustic inputs can indelibly alter cortical function. However, not all sounds in the natural acoustic environment are ethologically relevant. How does the auditory system resolve relevant sounds from the acoustic environment in such an early developmental stage when most associative learning mechanisms are not yet fully functional? What can the auditory system learn from one of the most important classes of sounds, animal vocalizations? How does naturalistic acoustic experience shape cortical sound representation and perception? To answer these questions, we need to consider an unusual strategy, statistical learning, where what the system needs to learn is embedded in the sensory input. Here, I will review recent findings on how certain statistical structures of natural animal vocalizations shape auditory cortical acoustic representations, and how cortical plasticity may underlie learned categorical sound perception. These results will be discussed in the context of human speech perception.
Keynote Address: Mobile Computing versus Immobile Security

The theme set down is “mobile computing versus immobile security”. I think I know what mobile computing is, but I don’t know what immobile security is.
In vivo monitoring of fetoplacental Vegfr2 gene activity in a murine pregnancy model using a Vegfr2-luc reporter gene and bioluminescent imaging

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis by eliciting vascular endothelial cell growth when bound to VEGF, a powerful pro-angiogenic ligand. While Vegf and Vegfr2 are expressed throughout gestation, the latter third of gestation in mice is characterized by a marked increase in fetoplacental angiogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of monitoring fetoplacental Vegfr2 gene activity non-invasively using a Vegfr2-luc reporter transgenic mouse and bioluminescent imaging.
Predictive probability of four different breast cancer nomograms for nonsentinel axillary lymph node metastasis in positive sentinel node biopsy.

Background Although completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) is the gold standard for evaluating axillary status after identification of a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer, almost 40% to 70% of SLN-positive patients will have negative non-SLNs. To predict non-SLN metastases (NSLNM) in patients with a positive SLN biopsy, four different nomograms have been created. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of four different nomograms in our SLN-positive breast cancer patients. Study Design We identified 319 patients who had a positive SLN biopsy and CALND at our hospital during an 8-year period. Breast cancer nomograms developed by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Tenon Hospital, Cambridge University, and Stanford University were used to calculate the probability of NSLNM. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was calculated for each nomogram, and values greater than 0.70 were accepted as demonstrating considerable discrimination. Results One hundred seven of 319 patients (33.5%) had positive axillary NSLNM. The mean number of SLNs was 2.01 (range, 1 to 11 nodes), and the mean number of positive SLNs was 1.44 (range, 1 to 9 nodes). The area under the curve values were 0.70, 0.69, 0.69, and 0.64 for the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Tenon, Cambridge, and Stanford models, respectively. Conclusions We found that the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram was more predictive than the other nomograms, but the Cambridge model and the Tenon model reached borderline values for accurate prediction. Nomograms developed at other institutions should be used with caution when counseling patients about the risk of additional nodal disease.
1H NMR assignments for t‐2‐deuterio‐r‐1‐methyl‐1‐phenylcyclopropane and c‐2‐deuterio‐r‐1‐methyl‐1‐phenylcylclopropane. A literature correction

The synthesis and 1H NMR spectra of the cis and trans monodeuterated isomers of 2-deuterio-1-methyl-1-phenylcyclopropane have been previously reported. We have prepared one of the isomers, c-2-deuterio-r-1-methyl-1-phenylcyclopropane, by a different, stereospecific, route. We now wish to correct the original 1H NMR assignments which were in error.
Investigating the age-related “anterior shift” in the scalp distribution of the P3b component using principal component analysis

An age-related “anterior shift” in the distribution of the P3b is often reported. Temporospatial principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the basis of this observation. ERPs were measured in young and old adults during a visual oddball task. PCA revealed two spatially distinct factors in both age groups, identified as the posterior P3b and anterior P3a. Young subjects generated a smaller P3a than P3b, while old subjects generated a P3a that did not differ in amplitude from their P3b. Rather than having a more anteriorly distributed P3b, old subjects produced a large, temporally overlapping P3a. The pattern of the age-related “anterior shift” in the P3 was similar for target and standard stimuli. The increase in the P3a in elderly adults may not represent a failure to habituate the novelty response, but may reflect greater reliance on executive control operations (P3a) to carry out the categorization/updating process (P3b).
Food habits of tilapiine cichlids of the Upper Zambezi River and floodplain during the descending phase of the hydrologic cycle

Habitat use and diets of five tilapiine populations of the Upper Zambezi River Basin in Zambia, south-central Africa, were examined during the 8 month descending phase of the annual hydrological cycle. All species occurred across a range of habitats, with most individuals captured from lagoons. Tilapia rendalli, a macrophyte feeder was the only dietary specialist. Ontogenetic diet shifts were not observed over the size range examined (30-320 mm L S ). Algae were uncommon in tilapiine diets. Tilapia ruweti, the smallest tilapiine in the region, was the only species that consumed more algae (filamentous algae) than detritus, Oreochromis andersonii, Oreochromis macrochir and Tilapia sparrmanii had high dietary overlap and occurred in the sortie habitats in similar relative abundances. High overlap in habitat use and diet among tilapiines contrasted with findings from a comparable analysis of predatory haplochromine cichlids of the region that revealed strong ecological segregation and niche complementarity during the annual descending-water phase.
Reinforcement of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were compounded with PVC by a melt blending process based on fusion behaviors of PVC. The effects of CNT content on the flexural and tensile properies of the PVC/CNT composites were evaluated in order to optimize the CNT content. The optimized CNT-reinforced PVC was used as a matrix in the manufacture of wood-plastic composites. Flexural, electrical, and thermal properties of the PVC/wood-flour composites were evaluated as a function of matrix type (nonreinforced vs. CNT-reinforced). The experimental results indicated that rigid PVC/wood-flour composites with properties similar to those of solid wood can be made by using CNT-reinforced PVC as a matrix. The CNT-reinforced PVC did not influence the electrical and thermal conductivity of the PVC/wood-flour composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Productive figurative communication: Conventional metaphors facilitate the comprehension of related novel metaphors

Abstract Three experiments explored whether conceptual mappings in conventional metaphors are productive, by testing whether the comprehension of novel metaphors was facilitated by first reading conceptually related conventional metaphors. The first experiment, a replication and extension of Keysar et al. [Keysar, B., Shen, Y., Glucksberg, S., Horton, W. (2000). Conventional language: How metaphorical is it? Journal of Memory and Language 43, 576–593] (Experiment 2), found no such facilitation; however, in the second experiment, upon re-designing and improving the stimulus materials, facilitation was demonstrated. In a final experiment, this facilitation was shown to be specific to the conceptual mappings involved. The authors argue that metaphor productivity provides a communicative advantage and that this may be sufficient to explain the clustering of metaphors into families noted by Lakoff and Johnson [Lakoff & Johnson, M. (1980a). The metaphorical structure of the human conceptual system. Cognitive Science 4, 195–208].
The Life History Model of Psychopathology Explains the Structure of Psychiatric Disorders and the Emergence of the p Factor A Simulation Study

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in mapping the structure of comorbidity between psychiatric disorders. In particular, empirical findings have suggested the existence of a general...
A unique 7p/12q chromosomal abnormality associated with recurrent abortion and hypofibrinogenemia

Recurrent first trimester abortions led to evaluation of a 25-year-old woman. Studies revealed she had hypofibrinogenemia (68 mg/dL) without evidence of dysfibrinogenemia or increased fibrinogen turnover. She was also found to have a unique 46,XX, t(7;12) (p 15.2;q24.31) karyotype. Hypofibrinogenemia and identical chromosomal abnormalities were found in other members of her kindred. Southern blots of genomic DNA from the patient, her mother, and her daughter hybridized to human fibrinogen probes showed alpha, beta, and gamma fibrinogen genes to be present and without structural alterations when compared to normal controls. We conclude that the chromosomal abnormality and the hypofibrinogenemia are related but in an unclear manner. Because fibrinogen infusion in the proposita was associated with successful gestation, we also concluded that the chromosomal abnormality itself was not responsible for the repeated abortions but that fibrinogen concentration may be critical in securing implantation.
The Entropy of PageRank Vectors and the Construction of a Discriminatory Statistic for the Identification of Network Topologies

The entropy of Brin and Page's PageRank vector scales logarithmically with network size for a number of classic graph topologies. If expressed as a function of the number of edges in the network, E, the scaling may be written as S(E)=log(b,E) for numerical base b. In this article, I demonstrate via a simulation study that numerical base may may be used to characterize the topology of the network. This implies that the sample entropy of a graph, S(E), may be used to form a simple and elegant statistic to characterize the topology of a graph, including modern topologies such as the Barabasi-Albert scale free graphs.
Diet of the invasive Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) in pine rockland and mangrove habitats in South Florida

Abstract. Native to Cuba, the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, the Cuban Treefrog (CTF) is an invasive species in Florida, with the ability to inflict serious ecological damage to invaded habitats. By examining the diet of the CTF, a known predator of native frogs, better predictions may be made of the impacts on native species and ecosystems. From 2002 – 2003, CTF diet was investigated in south Florida at four sites, two each within pine rockland and mangrove habitat. Within each habitat, one site exhibited a low density of CTFs and the other a high density of CTFs. CTFs were captured in PVC pipes attached to trees and stomach contents were examined after euthanasia. Beetles were the most numerous and widely consumed prey item among sites; roaches, orthopterans, spiders, ants, and caterpillars were also major dietary components. There were significant differences in the proportion of taxa consumed by CTFs between low and high density populations within each habitat, with the low density site in every inst...
Combined UHV and Liquid Phase (CULP) Processing of Self-assembled Nanostructures

The fabrication and structures of nanometer sized metal and semiconductor dots by a new “combined UHV and liquid-phase processing” (CULP) method are investigated. Ultrahigh vacuum deposition of monolayers of material, buffered and co-adsorbed along with chemically-inert working gas molecules, and subsequent pressurization in situ with high purity helium, led to self-assembly of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles in the liquid phase. The density and size distribution of nanoparticles were found to depend on processing parameters including the substrate surface condition and the dilution of the co-adsorbed film. These results are discussed in terms of surface and interface energies and kinetics.
Off‐road vehicles affect nesting behaviour and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus

As human populations and associated development increase, interactions between humans and wildlife are occurring with greater frequency. The effects of these interactions, particularly on species whose populations are declining, are of great interest to ecologists, conservationists, land managers and natural resource policy-makers. The American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, a species of conservation concern in the USA, nests on coastal beaches subject to various forms of anthropogenic disturbance, including aircraft overflights, off-road vehicles and pedestrians. This study assessed the effects of these human disturbances on the incubation behaviour and reproductive success of nesting American Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore, on the Atlantic coast of the USA. We expanded on-going monitoring of Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore by supplementing periodic visual observations with continuous 24-h video and audio recording at nests. Aircraft overflights were not associated with changes in Oystercatcher incubation behaviour, and we found no evidence that aircraft overflights influenced Oystercatcher reproductive success. However, Oystercatchers were on their nests significantly less often during off-road vehicle and pedestrian events than they were during control periods before the events, and an increase in the number of off-road vehicles passing a nest during incubation was consistently associated with significant reductions in daily nest survival (6% decrease in daily nest survival for a one-vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90, 0.98) and hatching success (12% decrease in hatching success for a one-vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio = 0.88; 95% CI 0.76, 0.97). Management of vehicles and pedestrians in areas of Oystercatcher breeding is important for the conservation of American Oystercatchers.
Competition Between Internal AlF4 − and Receptor-Mediated Stimulation of Dorsal Raphe Neuron G-Proteins Coupled to Calcium Current Inhibition

Intracellular aluminum fluoride (AlF4 −), placed in a patch pipette, activated a G-protein, resulting in a “tonic” inhibition of the Ca2+ current of isolated serotonergic neurons of the rat dorsal ...
A decade of lessons learned at a geophysical test site

The WMU geophysical test site contains steel drums, plastic drums, pipes, and objects of archaeological interest, in a 50x200m area. Repeat measurements at a magnetic base station clearly show the large secular change decrease. New galvanized steel pipe has very strong remanence that decays with time.
Accurate calculations of phonon dispersion in CaF 2 and CeO 2

We report the lattice dynamic properties of CaF2 and CeO2 obtained using a direct method in combination of a mixed-space approach accounting for the vibration-induced dipole-dipole interactions. We overcame the overestimation of T1u TO mode shown in prior calculations using the linear response theory. For CaF2 ,w e employed the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional and achieved a significant improvement over previous linear response calculations by comparing the results with experimentally measured phonon dispersion curves. For CeO2, we adopted the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional and an elongated supercell and obtained results in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. We attributed the improved calculation results to the convenience of the direct method in implementing new exchange-correlation functionals and use of the mixed-space approach for treating the long-range dipole-dipole interactions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.024304
DIFFERENTIATION OF ENDOTHIA GYROSA AND ENDOTHIA PARASITICA BY DISC ELECTROPHORESIS OF INTRAMYCELIAL ENZYMES AND PROTEINS

Mycelial proteins from seven isolates of Endothia gyrosa and five isolates of E. parasitica were extracted from acetone powders, separated on polyacrylamide gels by disc electrophoresis, and then stained for general proteins, esterase activity or 3-glucosidase activity. By simple visual inspection, three different observers separated the twelve uncoded general protein gels into the two species. The enzyme gels of both species were more easily differentiated. Very little or no /3-D-glucosidase and general esterase activities were noted on E. parasitica gels. Although the extract sample load (about 220 /xg protein) was standardized, qualitative and quantitative intraspecific variations were noted; these did not interfere with species differentiation. Protein and enzyme profiles from a 30-yr-old isolate of E. gyrosa compared favorably with new isolates. These data corroborate the separation of the species on the basis of morphology.
Isoelasticity and total hip arthroplasty

Important parameters in designing an "isoelastic" prosthesis that transfers stress in a more physiologic manner are explored. The effect of material properties and geometry on the mechanical properties of a femoral component are discussed. The bending "stiffnesses" of cortical bone, metal prosthese, and composite prostheses are compared, and the bending rigidities of prosthesis and bone as they might vary with surgical technique are explained. It is shown that the flexural rigidity of a prosthesis stem as presently designed is close to the flexural rigidity of cortical bone, but 200 to 400 times greater than that of the material it replaces, ie, cancellous bone and fatty marrow.
Experiment and Analysis for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

In this paper a useful package Dstool designed by J. Guckenheimer and S. Kim is introduced, which gives theoretical analysis on computers for dynamical systems and becomes a new tool in scientific and engineering research. Also some theoreti- cal results on bounded solutions of parabolic differential equations and an applica- tion to Kuramoto-Sivashinsky model are given so as to make a comparison with Dstool computation.
A Comparative Research on Courses Program Set in the Engineering Educational Institutions in China and Foreign Countries

Based on the statistics and analysis of the curricula set in more than 30 engineering educational departments at China universities and foreign universities,This paper explored the facing problems in curricula-building in China universities,analyzed the features and tendency in the curricula innovation,and further set forwards some countermeasures and suggestions of the improving on the curricula structure in China higher education.
Noninvasive Imaging of Dystrophic Calcification

Several modalities are used for noninvasive evaluation of bone abnormality, e. g., radiography, dual photon absorptiometry, neutron activation analysis, and scintigraphy with 99mRelabeled disphosphonates. Although radiography is still the most widely used imaging technique, radiographs of bone are difficult to interpret, and radiographic evidence of bone destruction does not appear until more than 50% of the skeleton is destroyed [3,19]. In addition, a dense area of active bone formation may appear as identical to an old healed process. However, the distribution pattern of intravenously administered 99mTc-labeled dis- phosphates depends on bone vascularity and the extent of bone remodeling. Thus, increased sensitivity of early and subtle bone changes makes bone scintigraphy a potentially invaluable imaging tool in the evaluation of bone abnormality. The kinetics of tracer uptake [1,4], synthesis of 99mTc-polyphosphates and applications in imaging the skeleton in health and disease [6,14], and the mechanism of tracer uptake in normal and heterotopic bone have been discussed [15,21]. This chapter will address the use of γ-emitting radionuclide-labeled tracers for imaging bone abnormalities and consider the use of its application in examining dystrophic calcification. Table I summarizes the physical decay properties of radionuclides, amount administered, and radiation dose to whole body and bone.
A Language Planning Approach to African American Language

In this chapter I present a general overview of the language planning enterprise, with the ultimate goal of highlighting aspects of Black English scholarship that quality as language planning. The definition of language planning cited above, from my 1979 paper, builds upon the preliminary definition given in the introduction, i.e., “language change that occurs as a consequence of conscious and deliberate decisionmaking.” The explicit reference it makes to the linguistic repertoire of a speech community enhances the basic point that it involves planned change, by specifying at the same time the descriptive parameters for the collection and analysis of data, and relating it to a theoretical construct in which all of the relevant real-world variables of power, status, stigma and authority coexist with the words, morphemes and other structural elements of the internal structure of affected languages.
An Integrated Luxury Retail Experience: Mobile Confidence, Mobile Trust and Technology Acceptance of Quick Response Codes

Because luxury consumers tend to be trendier, more affluent and educated than mainstream consumers, they often are described as potential early adopters of technology (Okonkwo 2010). Luxury firms are heavily promoting branded mobile apps, iPad catalogs, and mobile web sites in order to maintain customer relationships and keep luxury devotees connected to their brands 24/7. In order the test these claims, the current study examines the ways that luxury values relate to consumer behavior in an integrated multichannel retail setting. Thus, we conduct an empirical study of luxury consumers and their acceptance of quick response (QR) code technology.
Control of systems subject to Pfaffian constraints: motivation for Kane's formulation

This paper provides motivation for the use of Kane's formulation of the equations of motion for systems with configuration coordinates that are subject to Pfaffian constraints. It is shown that the matrix-vector form of Kane's formulation, as outlined in this paper, results in an equation structure that is ideally suited to the backstepping approach to control system design that is described by Fierro and Lewis for the dynamical control of differentially steered mobile robots. The present paper casts this control system design approach into a form that coincides with the equations of motion derived via Kane's formulation. This unified modeling and control procedure is illustrated with two examples of systems with configuration coordinates that are subject to Pfaffian constraints. These examples are a rolling sphere that is subject to a non-holonomic constraint and a two-link robotic manipulator described in terms of unit-quaternions that is subject to two holonomic constraints.
Polypharmacy and Health-Related Quality of Life Among US Adults With Arthritis, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2010–2012

INTRODUCTION Our objective was to determine the relationship between polypharmacy (treatment with prescription drugs from 6 or more drug classes concurrently) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among US adults with arthritis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study that used 2-year longitudinal data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to analyze a cohort of 6,132 adults aged over 21 years with arthritis. Measures of HRQoL were the summary scores from the mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) of the 12-item short-form health survey. Unadjusted and adjusted regression models were used to evaluate the association between polypharmacy and HRQoL measures. We used SAS, version 9.4, (SAS Institute Inc) to conduct all analyses. RESULTS In unadjusted analyses, adults with arthritis taking prescription drugs from 6 or more drug classes concurrently had significantly lower MCS and PCS scores (β, -3.11, P < .001 and β, -10.26, P < .001, respectively) than adults taking prescription drugs from fewer than 6. After controlling for the demographic characteristics, number of mental and physical chronic conditions, and baseline MCS and PCS scores, adults taking prescription drugs from 6 or more drug classes concurrently had significantly lower PCS scores (β, -1.68, P < .001), than those taking prescription drugs from fewer than 6. However, no significant difference in MCS scores was found between adults taking prescription drugs from 6 or more drug classes concurrently and those taking prescription drugs from fewer than 6 (β, -0.27, P = .46). CONCLUSION Polypharmacy is significantly associated with lower PCS scores among adults with arthritis. Because polypharmacy can lead to drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, health care providers need to consider the risk and adopt a cautious approach in prescribing multiple drugs to manage chronic conditions and in choosing therapies to improve HRQoL among adults with arthritis.
Some Guides to Bridging the Gap

Editor's Note: The Forum in this issue reports on a seminar held at the Mershon Center, Ohio State University, November 19, 1993. The seminarfocused on the recently published book by Alexander L. George entitled Bridging the Gap: Theory and Practice in Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1993; 170 pp.; $14.95, in paper). After an introduction by Alexander George, representatives from the academic and policy communities commented on the book and responded to questions from the audience. Those participating, in addition to George, were General John C. Galvin (Retired), former Commander of NATO Forces in Europe and now at the U.S. Military Academy; Edward A. Kolodziej, Professor of Political Science, University of Illinois; and Joseph Kruzel, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for European and NATO Policy. Bridging the Gap has as its theme encouraging "better communication and closer collaboration between academic scholars who study foreign policy and practitioners who conduct it" (p. xvii). George argues that scholarly knowledge has an indirect impact on policy making. It serves as an input to policy analysis and facilitates diagnosis of the policy problem as well as understanding contextualfactors that influence the nature of the problem. He is concerned about three types of knowledge in his book: conceptualizations of strategies, generic knowledge, and actor-specific behavioral models. Conceptual models of strategies provide frameworks 'for understanding the nature and general requirements for designing an effective strategy" (p. 137). Generic knowledge builds on past experience and systematic examinations of history in identifying when particular strategies will be more or less effective. Actor-specific knowledge refers to the development of an accurate image of the opponent in the current situation. George is interested in how these three types of knowledge contribute to statecraft or the development and management of relationships with other states "in ways that will protect and enhance one's own security and welfare" (p. xxiv). In whatfollows, we present abridged versions of the comments and responses to questions made during the seminar.
Bridging The Divide Between Dental And Medical Care

A cancer patient delays needed dental care before radiation treatment and develops a painful, incurable disease.
Infusing Social Justice Advocacy in Supervision Coursework

ABSTRACTSocial justice advocacy is an essential component of the counseling profession. Researchers have suggested that counselors enhance their roles to embrace a social justice advocacy orientation with clients. However, little pedagogical knowledge exists on how to infuse social justice advocacy throughout supervision coursework in counseling doctoral programs. Therefore, we outline specific strategies for counselor educators to infuse a social justice advocacy orientation into supervision coursework.
Genetic and Environmental Associations Between Procrastination and Internalizing/Externalizing Psychopathology:

Recent work on procrastination has begun to unravel the genetic and environmental correlates of this problematic behavior. However, little is known about how strongly procrastination is associated with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and the extent to which shared genetic/environmental factors or relevant personality constructs (e.g., fear of failure, impulsivity, and neuroticism) can inform the structure of these associations. The current study examined data from 764 young adult twins who completed questionnaires assessing procrastination and personality and structured interviews regarding psychopathology symptoms. Results indicated that procrastination was positively correlated with both internalizing and externalizing latent variables, and that these correlations were driven by shared genetic influences. Moreover, the association between procrastination and internalizing was accounted for by fear of failure and neuroticism, whereas the association between procrastination and externalizing was primarily explained by impulsivity. The role of procrastination in psychopathology is discussed using a framework that highlights common and broadband-specific variance.
Abstract P208: Functional Status, Rehospitalization, and Mortality Outcomes Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Prior and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Little data are available regarding differences in prognosis and health status between new-onset and prior atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)...
The Michigan Risk Score to predict peripherally inserted central catheter-associated thrombosis.

Essentials How best to quantify thrombosis risk with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) is unknown. Data from a registry were used to develop the Michigan Risk Score (MRS) for PICC thrombosis. Five risk factors were associated with PICC thrombosis and used to develop a risk score. MRS was predictive of the risk of PICC thrombosis and can be useful in clinical practice. SummaryBackground Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We developed a score to predict risk of PICC-related thrombosis. Methods Using data from the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium, image-confirmed upper-extremity DVT cases were identified. A logistic, mixed-effects model with hospital-specific random intercepts was used to identify factors associated with PICC-DVT. Points were assigned to each predictor, stratifying patients into four classes of risk. Internal validation was performed by bootstrapping with assessment of calibration and discrimination of the model. Results Of 23 010 patients who received PICCs, 475 (2.1%) developed symptomatic PICC-DVT. Risk factors associated with PICC-DVT included: history of DVT; multi-lumen PICC; active cancer; presence of another CVC when the PICC was placed; and white blood cell count greater than 12 000. Four risk classes were created based on thrombosis risk. Thrombosis rates were 0.9% for class I, 1.6% for class II, 2.7% for class III and 4.7% for class IV, with marginal predicted probabilities of 0.9% (0.7, 1.2), 1.5% (1.2, 1.9), 2.6% (2.2, 3.0) and 4.5% (3.7, 5.4) for classes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The risk classification rule was strongly associated with PICC-DVT, with odds ratios of 1.68 (95% CI, 1.19, 2.37), 2.90 (95% CI, 2.09, 4.01) and 5.20 (95% CI, 3.65, 7.42) for risk classes II, III and IV vs. risk class I, respectively. Conclusion The Michigan PICC-DVT Risk Score offers a novel way to estimate risk of DVT associated with PICCs and can help inform appropriateness of PICC insertion.
Code Division Multiple Access in Centimeter Accuracy Harmonic RFID Locating System

In conventional passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocols are designed to counter inter-tag collision and multi-path interference for digital ID retrieval. However, high-accuracy (centimeter-level and below) localization to track multiple tags simultaneously still awaits a feasible solution. Overlap on the same carrier frequency of the downlink (from the reader to tags) and uplink (from tags to the reader) leads to severe self-jamming and reader collision, which makes tag localization especially difficult. The present narrow bandwidth also limits the localization accuracy and reliability. Starting from the polling process and synchronization by TDMA, we propose the code division multiple access within the broadband harmonic backscatter RFID system to enable the simultaneous real-time (15 Hz) tag localization with centimeter accuracy and millimeter deviation. We investigate the impacts of the number of tags with respect to the sampling rate, tag power consumption, and locating errors originated from the inter-tag collision, and then present an experimental prototype for verification.
Detection and Isolation Technique for Blackhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network comprises of countless spread over a particular territory where we need to take care of at the progressions going ahead there. A sensor hub, for the most part, comprises of sensors, actuators, memory, a processor and they do have correspondence capacity. These sorts of networks are much powerless against security attacks. Many kinds of active and passive attacks are conceivable in the sensor network. Among all the conceivable active attacks, sinkhole attack is the most widely recognized and destructive attack. This attack debases network execution and prompts denial of service attack. The attack is triggered by the malicious hub which is available in the network. In this work, a novel strategy has been proposed to recognize and disengage malicious nodes from the network which are in charge of triggering the attack. The novel procedure is based on blacklist technique and clustering technique. The exploratory results will demonstrate that proposed strategy detects and separate the malicious nodes from the network proficiently. It will enhance network effectiveness as far as bundle misfortune, defer and expand throughput of the network. NS2 simulator instrument will be utilized as a part of it.
Noticing numeracy now! Examining changes in preservice teachers’ noticing, knowledge, and attitudes

This study examined the impact of an intervention, focused on professional noticing of children’s conceptual development in whole number and arithmetic reasoning, on preservice elementary teachers’ (PSETs’) professional noticing skills, attitudes toward mathematics, and mathematical knowledge for teaching mathematics. A video-based professional noticing module, situated in the pedagogies of practice framework, was used with 224 PSETs from five universities. Comparison data was also collected with similar groups not participating in the instructional module. Through pre- and post-assessments, findings indicated that PSETs can develop sound professional noticing skills as a result of participation in a video-based module. The impact on attitudes toward mathematics was less convincing as significant changes were revealed in intervention as well as comparison groups. We hypothesized the potential for professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking to serve as a mechanism for increasing the capabilities of PSETs to negotiate the complexities of mathematics teaching and learning; however, mathematics knowledge for teaching showed no significant increase for either group.
A++/Ti Nonstoichiometry in Alkaline Earth Titanates, ATi03

Ternary oxides offer the possibility of variations in the ratios of the two metallic constituents as well as in the metal-nonmetal ratios. The extent of this cation-cation nonstoichiometry, and its effect on material properties, is of interest because numerous useful ferroelectric, piezoelectric, magnetic, and electrooptic materials are found among the ternary oxides. When significant cation-cation nonstoichiometry is tolerated in the single phase system, the resulting changes in ionic defect concentrations can affect charge and mass transport and oxidation-reduction equilibria. If the tolerance for nonstoichiometry is exceeded, second phases will be present that can also profoundly affect the material properties, e.g., if the second phase is liquid at the sintering temperature, densification rates and the resulting microstructure will be strongly influenced. This paper will discuss the cation-cation nonstoichiometry of the alkaline earth titanates having the perovskite structure, BaTi03, SrTi03, and CaTiO3. These compounds share the generic formula ABO3, and the structure is characterized by having two very different types of cation sites, a large, 12-coordinate A site, occupied by the alkaline earth ions, and a smaller, 6-coordinate, octahedral B site, occupied by the titanium. In the ideally pure, stoichiometric compounds, all equivalent lattice sites are completely occupied by the appropriate species.
A study of the impact of peak demand on increasing vulnerability of cascading failures to extreme contingency events

The vulnerability of large power systems to cascading failures and major blackouts has become evident since the Northeast blackout in 1965. PNNL developed Dynamic contingency analysis tool (DCAT) provides a framework to accurately simulate cascading outages of power system using both dynamic and steady state analysis including protection simulation. Using this tool, a study to investigate the impact of peak loading on grid stress and potential cascading is presented in this paper. To examine loading effect, multiple base cases corresponding to different load levels are developed with the IEEE bus 300 system and dynamic PSS/E models with protection schemes for generation, transmission, and load integrated with base cases. The impact of several extreme contingencies under different loading conditions is simulated using DCAT as hybrid dynamic and steady-state simulations to mimic the cascading outage process. Analysis is then performed to show how the increase in loading condition increases the vulnerability of cascading failures occurrence. From the simulation results, it is observed that increasing peak load demands lead to more cascading failures than uniformly distributed loads.