cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
College Career Centers: Reaching Out to the Gifted and Talented

As numerous reports reveal deficiencies in today's educational curriculum and instruction (A Nation at Risk; The Carnegie Report; The National Science Commission Report; and others), it is clear that American education is, once again, experiencing a period of pressure for educational reform. Particularly, there is a renewed interest in focusing efforts on meeting the educational needs of the academically gifted and talented (Van Tassel-Baska, 1984). Along with this interest in the educational needs of the gifted and talented comes an awareness of the unique aspects of their career development process. Although these needs are essentially the same for all young people, several authors have written about the specific career development needs and issues facing the gifted and talented (Perrone & Van Den Heuvel, 1981; Perrone, Karshner, & Male, 1979; Sanborn, 1979; Hoyt & Hebeler, 1974; and others). Even those who remain opposed to special groupings of the gifted acknowledge that gifted students have special problems in planning their careers (Kerr, 1981a). This article considers the college career center's role in providing services to the gifted and talented. Also included is a brief discussion of the current status of career education in the public schools and the implications this holds for college career center personnel who will, most likely, be delivering career services to the gifted and talented. Descriptions of the various gifted and talented sub-types are provided along with suggested strategies for meeting their specific career development needs.
A simplex algorithm for minimum fuel problems of linear discrete control systems

A simplex algorithm for solving the minimum fuel problem for linear discrete control systems is described. In this algorithm an initial basic feasible solution is available with no artificial variables needed. Also minimum computer storage is required. The algorithm is a simple and fast one. A numerical example is given
Parkinson disease protein DJ-1 converts from a zymogen to a protease by carboxyl-terminal cleavage

Mutations in DJ-1 cause recessively transmitted early-onset Parkinson disease (PD), and oxidative damage to DJ-1 has been associated with the pathogenesis of late-onset sporadic PD. The precise biochemical function of DJ-1 remains elusive. Here, we report that DJ-1 is synthesized as a latent protease zymogen with low-intrinsic proteolytic activity. DJ-1 protease zymogen is activated by the removal of a 15-amino acid peptide at its C terminus. The activated DJ-1 functions as a cysteine protease with Cys-106 and His-126 as the catalytic diad. We show that endogenous DJ-1 in dopaminergic cells undergoes C-terminal cleavage in response to mild oxidative stress, suggesting that DJ-1 protease activation occurs in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, we find that the C-terminally cleaved form of DJ-1 with activated protease function exhibits enhanced cytoprotective action against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The cytoprotective action of DJ-1 is abolished by the C106A and H126A mutations. Our findings support a role for DJ-1 protease in cellular defense against oxidative stress and have important implications for understanding and treating PD.
Management of Oral Infections in Cancer Patients

The myelosuppressive and mucosal-damaging consequences of cancer and cancer therapies place patients at high risk for developing infectious complications. Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are all commonly encountered in the oral cavity, contributing to both morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Prevention, early and definitive diagnosis, and appropriate management are critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. With the majority of cancer patients treated as outpatients in the community setting, oral health care professionals play an important role in managing such infectious complications of cancer therapy.
Investor Behavior, Reporting Intervals and Hedge Fund Stability

In the 2000’s large hedge funds became major investors in illiquid assets. When returns were steady, inflows and outflows of capital balanced each other out. But, in 2008 and 2009 investors removed capital at rapid rates despite depressed prices. In this paper we develop a Bayesian model where investors learn about a hedge fund’s returns and variance in discrete time. The model admits a dynamic where market-to-market losses created in illiquid markets can lead to additional redemption requests. We in particular show by simulation that the probability of this cycle occurring and leading to a fund failure is positively related to the reporting interval of a fund’s performance to investors. This pattern is disconcerting as hedge funds have moved steadily toward reporting on a higher frequency. Not surprisingly then, many have enacted their gate provisions.
Effects of Water Temperature and Fish Size on Predation Vulnerability of Juvenile Humpback Chub to Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout

AbstractPredation on juvenile native fish by introduced Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout is considered a significant threat to the persistence of endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. Diet studies of Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout in Glen and Grand canyons indicate that these species do eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability is highly variable, depending on prey size, predator size, and the water temperatures under which the predation interactions take place. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of juvenile native fish changes in response to fish size and water temperature using captivity-reared Humpback Chub, Bonytail, and Roundtail Chub. Juvenile chub 45–90 mm total length (TL) were exposed to adult Rainbow and Brown trouts at 10, 15, and 20°C to measure predation vulnerability as a function of water temperature and fish size. A 1°C increase in water temperature decreased ...
ITS based Predictive Intelligent Battery Management System for plug-in Hybrid and Electric vehicles

Hybrid Electric vehicles (HEV) have been developed to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV) have been recently widely analyzed for their additional significant potential of improving fuel efficiency and reducing emission. For PHEV, the charge depletion model of the High Voltage (HV) battery has been identified to be the appropriate model to ensure that the vehicle reaches its destination while vehicle HV battery is at its minimum threshold, thus allowing minimal use of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). For EV, the charge depletion model is the natural phenomenon due to the vehicle architecture. However, the charge depletion model would not ensure optimization in fuel efficiency and reduced emissions due to its lack of knowledge of vehicle's relative traffic information. This drawback in the charge depletion model may be eliminated with the development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which allows vehicles and road infrastructures to share historical, real time and predictive future traffic information. In this paper, the charge depletion model and a proposed intelligent predictive charge depletion model are compared. The overall performance, including trip time and fuel consumption of the models under a selection of drive cycles, will be demonstrated via simulation results.
Optimizing speech recognition grammars using a measure of similarity between hidden Markov models

In this paper we discuss a method of optimizing weights in a stochastic finite state grammar using a measure of similarity between hidden Markov models. We compute the similarity using an edit distance and weights that are derived from the Bhattacharyya error between pairs of Gaussian mixture models. Forward-backward procedures are used to carry out the similarity computation, and to obtain the derivatives needed in gradient descent based optimization. We apply this procedure to the problem of estimating parameters of garbage models that are often included in SRGS grammars. Experimental results indicate that the method improves the garbage models and naturally results in models that are a function of their context in the grammar.
Expert psychological testimony on eyewitness reliability before and after Daubert: The state of the law and the science

This article examines the legal and scientific issues inherent in the use of expert psychological testimony on the factors that affect eyewitness reliability. First, the history of the use of such expert testimony is traced. Next, we look at the criteria that state and federal courts have used in determining whether to admit such testimony, as well as the grounds upon which the testimony has been excluded. We then examine the Daubert decision and discuss its implications for the use of expert eyewitness testimony. We conclude by reviewing eyewitness research and research on jury decisionmaking that is likely to assume new importance in the post-Daubert era.
A COURSE IN LANGUAGE TEACHING: PRACTICE AND THEORY.Penny Ur. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xiii + 375. $21.95 paper.

A Course in Language Teaching covers a wide variety of topics related to language teaching, from reading to testing to syllabus design. The book contains 22 modules organized into seven sections. Each module contains short bits of prose followed by tasks, questions, applications, or sample activities. Most of the modules have boxes of well-summarized information on a particular point (e.g., types of grammar practice, ways of presenting new vocabulary, learner difficulties in listening).
Comment: The problem of “best practice” research

If the bad news is that art and science are out of balance, the good news is that there is no culture war. Public management is not riven by struggles between defenders and attackers of a canon of great works. Standards of rational discourse are not crumbling because deconstructionists are refusing to "privilege" sentences that make sense and contain evidence. No one thinks that value for money is a wrong criterion by which to appraise managerial or administrative performance. If "art" is undermining "science," it is not because the "art" school, if such there be, wishes the "science" school ill. To be sure, Lynn shows a certain pique with the "art" school. "Art" is evidently a term of derogation, for I do not think that either "artist" or interpreter-of-managers-who-are-"artists" is a self-description of those Lynn criticizes as belonging to this school. The offending researchers might accept a self-description as studying the "craft" of management, for they do indeed seem to me to be doing just that. Lynn might have found such a mission more acceptable, since not only has he himself contributed to this literature, but he has done more than anyone else to legitimize the explicit metaphor of management as craft [Lynn, 1980, 1989]. In any case, Lynn is on much more solid ground when he characterizes the research tradition he dislikes as being centrally concerned with "best practice." And he is right that this line of research proceeds without sufficient methodological self-awareness or, when awareness is present, success. But why should this be so? Lynn finds the answer in misbegotten desires to serve practitioners who are themselves uninterested in methodological niceties. Whether or not he is right about this, he does not mention, or appear to understand, a more legitimate reason: The goal of "best practice" research-namely, widening the range of solutions to problems-is simply too important to defer, even though the supporting methodology has been frustratingly slow to develop. I shall return below to our most bothersome difficulties in methodology, by which term I also mean to include issues in the philosophy of the social sciences. But first, let us make a quick tour d'horizon to see how the problemsand-solutions schema that implicitly organizes a lot of thinking and research in public management is getting filled in. This will reveal much more develop-
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design

Interfaces for conceptual and creative design should recognize and interpret drawings. They should also capture users’ intended ambiguity, vagueness, and imprecision and convey these qualities visually and through interactive behavior. Freehand drawing can provide this information and it is a natural input mode for design. We describe a pen-based interface that acquires information about ambiguity and precision from freehand input, represents it internally, and echoes it to users visually and through constraint based edit behavior.
Unemployment in Latin America: Causes and Remedies

problems that unemployment raises are well known. The advantages of a faster growth rate in employment are those related to the economies of scale, investment, and technical progress. Thus, an economy with rapid growth in the rate of employment will usually achieve a higher rate of growth of output, and this may enable the economy to benefit more from the economies of scale (1). In addition, it is possible that a faster rate of growth in employment may enable the economy to achieve a given rate of growth of output with less gross investment (2). Moreover, a higher rate of growth in employment may enable the economy to learn faster and thus have a more rapid rate of suitable technical progress (3).
Evaluation of Several Dosing Regimens of Cefepime, with Various Simulations of Renal Function, against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Pharmacodynamic Infection Model

The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to examine the killing activity of 2-g doses of cefepime against two clinical isolates (mucoid and nonmucoid) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pharmacodynamic in vitro infection model, (ii) to compare the percentage of time above the MIC (T > MIC) for each of the regimens against P. aeruginosa, and (iii) to evaluate the area under the bactericidal curve for each regimen. Cefepime was administered at intervals of 8, 12, and 24 h with and without tobramycin, and two different levels of renal function were simulated: normal (creatinine clearance [CLCR] = 90 ml/min) and decreased (CRCL = 60 ml/min). Also, the killing activity of cefepime with and without tobramycin was compared to the killing activity of ceftazidime (2 g every 8 h) with and without tobramycin. The T > MIC was 100% in the central chamber except for the regimen in which cefepime was administered every 12 h and the CLCR was 90 ml/min, which provided concentrations above the MIC for 92% of the dosing interval against the C31 (mucoid; MIC of cefepime, 4 microg/ml) isolate and for 75% of the interval against the C34 (nonmucoid; MIC of cefepime, 8 microg/ml) isolate. All cefepime and ceftazidime monotherapy simulations resulted in 99.9% killing of the nonmucoid isolate within 4 to 8 h and within 4 to 6 h, respectively. Against the mucoid isolate, 99.9% killing was achieved only with combination therapy. The results of this study indicate that cefepime dosed at 2 g every 12 h under conditions of normal renal function and every 24 h with decreased creatinine clearance (60 ml/min) is effective both as monotherapy and in combination therapy against a nonmucoid strain of P. aeruginosa. With cefepime MICs of 4 and 8 microg/ml, the single-agent regimens provided T > MIC values in the central chamber for 92 and >/=75% of the dosing interval against the mucoid and nonmucoid isolates, respectively. Cefepime dosed at 2 g every 12 h, with a creatinine clearance of 90 ml/min, and every 24 h, with a creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min, resulted in killing activity equivalent to that of ceftazidime dosed at 2 g every 8 h. None of the monotherapies provided adequate killing of the mucoid strain of P. aeruginosa despite drug concentrations being above the MIC for >/=92% of all dosing intervals. Finally, combination therapy with tobramycin and either cefepime or ceftazidime enhanced the killing of both the mucoid and nonmucoid P. aeruginosa isolates.
“My Baby Weighs Almost 10 Pounds:” Families and Feeding the Preterm Infant

Abstract Hirschsprung disease, or congenital megacolon, is a dismotility of the bowel due to the absence of parasympathetic ganglionic cells that results in a partial bowel obstruction. Clinical criteria are age related, and the disease occurs approximately once in every 5000 live births. The goal of surgical repair is to return the bowel to normal function. Parental discharge education is essential to ensure a positive outcome that is free of complications and includes a normal lifestyle for the child.
Wildlife Loss through Domestication: the Case of Endangered Key Deer

Wildlife extinction represents the ultimate failure of wildlife conservation. It has many causes, some of them natural, but is increasingly tied to anthropogenic factors. Wildlife loss via domestication, however, is rarely considered. We evaluated the potential for inadvertent domestication of wildlife by determining the effect of feeding and watering on Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) density, group size, and distribution. Key deer sightings were significantly higher in areas (42 ha) surrounding the households that provided food and water (0.18 deer/m; n= 8) than in randomly selected areas (0.03 deer/m; t = 3.82, 14 df , p = 0.002). Average distance to a household providing food and water decreased logistically as group size increased, and large groups (>2 individuals each) were observed more frequently in areas where food and water were provided (27.5%) than in the randomly selected areas (7.5%). The incidence of large groups outside feeding areas (7.5%), however, was similar to the incidence of large groups during early urbanization (5.1%; 1968- 1973). Our results suggest illegal feeding caused changes in density, group size, and distribution indicative of domestication. Because fresh water and food were primary selective pressures for Key deer before illegal feeding and watering, genetic changes may occur in the future. For those who value "wildness" in wildlife, domestication of wildlife species is a serious problem that must be addressed.
Optimal Spatial Correlations for the Noncoherent MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channel

The behavior in terms of information theoretic metrics of the discrete-input, continuous-output noncoherent MIMO Rayleigh fading channel is studied as a function of spatial correlations. In the low SNR regime, the mutual information metric is considered, while at higher SNR regimes the cutoff rate expression is employed. For any fixed input constellation and at sufficiently low SNR, a fully correlated channel matrix is shown to maximize the mutual information. In contrast, at high SNR, a fully uncorrelated channel matrix (with independent identically distributed elements) is shown to be optimal, under a condition on the constellation which ensures full diversity. In the special case of the separable correlation model, it is shown that as a function of the receive correlation eigenvalues, the cutoff rate expression is a Schur-convex function at low SNR and a Schur-concave function at high SNR, and as a function of transmit correlation eigenvalues, the cutoff rate expression is Schur-concave at high SNR for full diversity constellations. Moreover, at sufficiently low SNR, the fully correlated transmit correlation matrix is optimal. Finally, for the general model, it is shown that the optimal correlation matrices at a general SNR can be obtained using a difference of convex programming formulation.
Generalized Lamb-wave multisensor

Integrated-circuit fabrication techniques were used to make a versatile silicon-based sensor that uses elastic wave propagation in a plate that is thin compared with the wavelength. In-plane tension raises the velocity of the lowest antisymmetric flexural wave (474 m/s) above that predicted for a pure Lamb wave (422 m/s). Because of the low velocity, when in contact with a fluid the device excites an evanescent disturbance that extends just tens of micrometers from the membrane. The device is quite sensitive to loading: contact with a 6- mu l droplet of water shifts the oscillation frequency downward 36%, in excellent agreement with theory. The device could operate as a microphone, biosensor, chemical vapor or gas detector, scale, manometer, densitometer, viscometer, radiometer, or thermometer. It is concluded that the sensor offers unique means for separating out the influences of multiple measurands. >
Modeling Emergency Scenarios in Virtual Evacuation Environment

There has been an increasing interest in the use of Virtual Reality for learning and training. The development of Virtual Reality environment makes it possible for a user to understand and observe multiple paths and emotions that an agent would observe during evacuation. This paper presents a fuzzy logic application for modeling an evacuation scenario where fuzzy parameters such as stress, panic, and anger are modeled using fuzzy logic and integrated in the virtual environment. We present a virtual environment that has a group of agents move towards their goal which is the shortest distance from their initial position. Changing the fuzzy parameters has an effect on agents’ speed. This paper presents a virtual reality application for simulation of panic behavior in a library building. The results show that the application can be used for way finding in the building, evacuation simulation, and safety evaluations of the building.
Validity and usefulness of members reports of implementation progress in a quality improvement initiative: findings from the Team Check-up Tool (TCT)

Team-based interventions are effective for improving safety and quality of healthcare. However, contextual factors, such as team functioning, leadership, and organizational support, can vary significantly across teams and affect the level of implementation success. Yet, the science for measuring context is immature. The goal of this study is to validate measures from a short instrument tailored to track dynamic context and progress for a team-based quality improvement (QI) intervention. Design: Secondary cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of data from a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a team-based quality improvement intervention to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in intensive care units (ICUs). Setting: Forty-six ICUs located within 35 faith-based, not-for-profit community hospitals across 12 states in the U.S. Population: Team members participating in an ICU-based QI intervention. Measures: The primary measure is the Team Check-up Tool (TCT), an original instrument that assesses context and progress of a team-based QI intervention. The TCT is administered monthly. Validation measures include CLABSI rate, Team Functioning Survey (TFS) and Practice Environment Scale (PES) from the Nursing Work Index. Analysis: Temporal stability, responsiveness and validity of the TCT. We found evidence supporting the temporal stability, construct validity, and responsiveness of TCT measures of intervention activities, perceived group-level behaviors, and barriers to team progress. The TCT demonstrates good measurement reliability, validity, and responsiveness. By having more validated measures on implementation context, researchers can more readily conduct rigorous studies to identify contextual variables linked to key intervention and patient outcomes and strengthen the evidence base on successful spread of efficacious team-based interventions. QI teams participating in an intervention should also find data from a validated tool useful for identifying opportunities to improve their own implementation.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing healthcare-associated infections.

We noted a marked increase in healthcare-associated (HA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections caused by isolates phenotypically consistent with community-associated (CA)-MRSA strains. To study this trend, we retrospectively examined all HA-MRSA isolates from patients in our institution during 1999–2004. An isolate was considered an SCCmecIV phenotype if it had antimicrobial drug susceptibilities consistent with typical CA-MRSA isolates. Our phenotypic definition was validated in a limited subset of isolates by SCCmec genotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. Among 352 patients with HA-MRSA isolates, SCCmecIV phenotype increased from 17% in 1999 to 56% in 2003 (p<0.0001). Antimicrobial drug-susceptibility phenotype and genotype were consistent in 21 (91%) of 23 isolates. In a multivariate model, the SCCmec type IV phenotype was independently associated with wound culture source, later year of collection, and MRSA isolated earlier during hospitalization. In conclusion, MRSA isolates phenotypically similar to CA strains have become the predominant isolates associated with HA-MRSA in our hospital.
Effects of testosterone on attention and memory for emotional stimuli in male rhesus monkeys.

Summary Increasing evidence in humans and other animals suggests that testosterone (T) plays an important role in modulating emotion. We previously reported that T treatment in rhesus monkeys undergoing chemically induced hypogonadism results in increased watching time of videos depicting fights between unfamiliar conspecifics (Lacreuse et al., 2010). In the current study, we aimed to further investigate the effect of T manipulations on attention and memory for emotional stimuli in male rhesus monkeys. Six males (7 years old) were administered Depot Lupron to suppress endogenous T levels and treated with either testosterone enanthate (TE, 5 mg/kg) or oil, before crossing over to the alternate treatment. Animals were tested for 16 weeks on two computerized touchscreen tasks with both social and nonsocial emotional and neutral stimuli. The Dot-Probe task was used to measure attention, and the Delayed-Non-Matching-to-Sample task with a 1 s delay (DNMS) was used to measure recognition memory for these stimuli. Performance on the two tasks was examined during each of four month-long phases: Baseline, Lupron alone, Lupron + TE and Lupron + oil. It was predicted that T administration would lead to increased attention to negative social stimuli (i.e., negative facial expressions of unfamiliar conspecifics) and would improve memory for such stimuli. We found no evidence to support these predictions. In the Dot-Probe task, an attentional bias towards negative social stimuli was observed at baseline, but T treatment did not enhance this bias. Instead, monkeys had faster response times when treated with T compared to oil, independently of the emotional valence or social relevance of stimuli, perhaps reflecting an enhancing effect of T on reward sensitivity or general arousal. In the DNMS, animals had better memory for nonsocial compared to social stimuli and showed the poorest performance in the recognition of positive facial expressions. However, T did not affect performance on the task. Thus, even though monkeys were sensitive to the social relevance and emotional valence of the stimuli in the two tasks, T manipulations had no effect on attention or memory for these stimuli. Because habituation to the stimuli may have mitigated the effect of treatment in the attentional task, we suggest that T may increase attentional biases to negative social stimuli only during early exposure to the stimuli with
A MULTI-RESOLUTION ASSESSMENT OF RACCOON DEN SELECTION

Abstract Many studies have been conducted on the ecology of raccoons (Procyon lotor), while few have examined raccoon den-site selection, particularly in agricultural and prairie landscapes. Furthermore, no studies have examined selection of den sites at multiple spatial scales. We examined den-site selection for 48 raccoons during 1997–1999 in an agricultural landscape in the Black Prairie physiographic region of east-central Mississippi, USA. Den types selected by raccoons differed by gender and season. Females used more cavity dens during young rearing, whereas males selected ground dens and brush piles. We found that den sites were located closer to crop fields, roads, and macrohabitat edges than random points. At the landscape level, den sites were associated positively with woody patch size, amounts of woody and grass edge, number of available patches of crop fields, and available area of lakes and ponds. Composition of habitats around den sites differed from composition of habitats within home rang...
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a primary immune disorder (PID) associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, and the genetic defect results in immune dysregulation. ALPS results from a failure of apoptotic mechanisms leading to accumulation of lymphocytes and persistence of autoreactive cells. The disease becomes clinically evident in childhood as patients present with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and multilineage cytopenias.
DAILY INTERPERSONAL AND AFFECTIVE DYNAMICS IN PERSONALITY DISORDER

In this naturalistic study, the authors adopt the lens of interpersonal theory to examine between- and within-person differences in dynamic processes of daily affect and interpersonal behaviors among individuals (N = 101) previously diagnosed with personality disorders who completed daily diaries over the course of 100 days. Dispositional ratings of interpersonal problems and measures of daily stress were used as predictors of daily shifts in interpersonal behavior and affect in multilevel models. Results indicate that ∼40%-50% of the variance in interpersonal behavior and affect is due to daily fluctuations, which are modestly related to dispositional measures of interpersonal problems but strongly related to daily stress. The findings support conceptions of personality disorders as a dynamic form of psychopathology involving the individuals interacting with and regulating in response to the contextual features of their environment.
The Racial Context of Convenience Voting Cutbacks: Early Voting in Ohio During the 2008 and 2012 U.S. Presidential Elections

Classic models of democratic political behavior imply that eliminating opportunities to vote early in person (EIP) negatively affects the political participation of voters who prefer to use that op...
Ab Initio, Embedded Local-Monomer Calculations of Methane Vibrational Energies in Clathrate Hydrates

We present an anharmonic, coupled-mode vibrational analysis of CH4 in four clathrate cages, 512, 51262, 435663, and 51264, employing a general, full-dimensional, ab initio potential energy surface for CH4(H2O)n clusters. This potential is expressed in a many-body representation, truncated at the three-body level, for the water and the methane–water interactions. The embedded local-monomer model is used to determine the energies of the intramolecular vibrations of the confined methane. This model is validated by comparing the harmonic density of states using local-monomer and standard full normal-mode analyses for the 512 CH4@(H2O)20 clathrate. The agreement in the region of the methane intramolecular vibrations is excellent. Vibrational self-consistent field and virtual-state configuration interaction theory is employed to calculate the vibrational energies of methane in four cages using the code MULTIMODE, and comparisons with experiment are given. The zero-point energy and wave function of the enclathra...
Evaluating College Physical Education

(1965). Evaluating College Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 36-75.
Nonlinear Robust H∞ Control With State-Dependent Scaling

This paper addresses the design of nonlinear robust H ∞ controllers for nonlinear uncertain systems with polynomial vector field and norm bounded uncertainties. We derive state-dependent matrix inequalities, using Lyapunov’s direct method, that stabilize the nonlinear systems and guarantee robust performance using nonlinear state-feedback control. The state-dependent synthesis conditions incorporate state-dependent scaling to minimize the ℒ2 gain of the disturbance/output. Sum-of-squares (SOS) optimization is applied to solve the resulting synthesis condition with optimized ℒ2 gain for the nonlinear system, without requiring an iterative approach. Finally, a design example of nonlinear Van der Pol equation is presented.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Public Opinion Distribution and Party Competition in US Trade Policy

Mass public opinion has generally been presumed to have little or no impact on American trade policy. I argue against this presumption. I assert that mass public opinion significantly affects US trade policy by shaping the way the two parties compete over that trade policy. When public opinion is unbalanced, the competition between the parties is likely to resemble a bidding war. When public opinion is balanced but split in a partisan manner the competition is likely to descend into Manichean conflict. When public opinion is balanced but split in a non-partisan manner, the competition is likely to be characterised by political actors seeking to maintain the support of their core constituencies. To examine this relationship, I investigate three cases: the push to punish China over Tiananmen Square in 1989–90, the ratification of NAFTA in 1992–93 and the process through which President Bush was granted trade promotion authority in 2001–02.
Immunochemistry for high-throughput screening of human exhaled breath condensate (EBC) media: implementation of automated quanterix SIMOA instrumentation

Immunochemistry is an important clinical tool for indicating biological pathways leading towards disease. Standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are labor intensive and lack sensitivity at low-level concentrations. Here we report on emerging technology implementing fully-automated ELISA capable of molecular level detection and describe application to exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The Quanterix SIMOA HD-1 analyzer was evaluated for analytical performance for inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8). The system was challenged with human EBC representing the most dilute and analytically difficult of the biological media. Calibrations from synthetic samples and spiked EBC showed excellent linearity at trace levels (r(2) > 0.99). Sensitivities varied by analyte, but were robust from ~0.006 (IL-6) to ~0.01 (TNF-α) pg ml(-1). All analytes demonstrated response suppression when diluted with deionized water and so assay buffer diluent was found to be a better choice. Analytical runs required ~45 min setup time for loading samples, reagents, calibrants, etc., after which the instrument performs without further intervention for up to 288 separate samples. Currently, available kits are limited to single-plex analyses and so sample volumes require adjustments. Sample dilutions should be made with assay diluent to avoid response suppression. Automation performs seamlessly and data are automatically analyzed and reported in spreadsheet format. The internal 5-parameter logistic (pl) calibration model should be supplemented with a linear regression spline at the very lowest analyte levels, (<1.3 pg ml(-1)). The implementation of the automated Quanterix platform was successfully demonstrated using EBC, which poses the greatest challenge to ELISA due to limited sample volumes and low protein levels.
Control of wound healing from connective tissue aspect

The recovery from trauma is a function of life and survival of the organicism. Tissue injury resulting in irreversible cell death and connective tissue disruption initiates the repair process. Wounds heal by scarring where a new cell population resides in a newly deposited connective tissue matrix. The chemical composition of a scar is similar to normal dermis, but its organization differs from dermis. The ineptitude to reassemble collagen into normal dermal patterns specifics a scar. A scar patches a defect and in most cases normal function is restored. However with impaired scarring wound dehiscence occurs and the over production and deposition of unstable scar also causes a catastrophic end point. Besides the volume of scar tissue deposited, the organization of that tissue is important for determining the scar's integrity, stability and restoration of function. The maturation of scar dependents upon the character of the resident cell populations, quality of deposited connective tissue and the interactions between those components. Here our focus will be on the regulation of wound healing in terms of collagen fibers reorganization. As our knowledge of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the repair process grows, the better the wound care offered to the patient in the future. The goal is to instigate and maintain a healing process where the pattern of deposited collagen fibers resembles that of dermis.
Nonlinear Control with Linear Controllers: Transformations, Calculated Gains and Model Scheduling

This paper summarizes the methods used by Aspen Technology to deal with process nonlinearities in the implementation of advanced control projects. Included is a set of DMC simulations to illustrate how these techniques work.
A further assessment of the potential hazard for calves allowed to graze pasture contaminated with Salmonella dublin in slurry.

SUMMARY Twelve calves, approximately four months of age, known to be free from salmonellae, were allowed to graze 0 · 3 ha (0 · 8 acres) of mature pasture which had been sprayed one week previously at the rate of 11 · 2 kl/ha (1000 gal/acre) with slurry containing 105 Salmonella dublin (strain 51) per ml. Although isolations of S. dublin were made daily from the pasture, for the duration of the experiment (five weeks) and beyond, the organism was isolated from one calf on one occasion only. It was concluded that, under the conditions of the experiment, the risk to the health of grazing calves was not great.
TU-AB-204-00: CDRH/FDA Regulatory Processes and Device Science Activities

The responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have increased since the inception of the Food and Drugs Act in 1906. Medical devices first came under comprehensive regulation with the passage of the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In 1971 FDA also took on the responsibility for consumer protection against unnecessary exposure to radiation-emitting devices for home and occupational use. However it was not until 1976, under the Medical Device Regulation Act, that the FDA was responsible for the safety and effectiveness of medical devices. This session will be presented by the Division of Radiological Health (DRH) and the Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability (DIDSR) from the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) at the FDA. The symposium will discuss on how we protect and promote public health with a focus on medical physics applications organized into four areas: pre-market device review, post-market surveillance, device compliance, current regulatory research efforts and partnerships with other organizations. The pre-market session will summarize the pathways FDA uses to regulate the investigational use and commercialization of diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy medical devices in the US, highlighting resources available to assist investigators and manufacturers. The post-market session will explain the post-market surveillance and compliance activities FDA performs to monitor the safety and effectiveness of devices on the market. The third session will describe research efforts that support the regulatory mission of the Agency. An overview of our regulatory research portfolio to advance our understanding of medical physics and imaging technologies and approaches to their evaluation will be discussed. Lastly, mechanisms that FDA uses to seek public input and promote collaborations with professional, government, and international organizations, such as AAPM, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Image Gently, and the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) among others, to fulfill FDA's mission will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand FDA's pre-market and post-market review processes for medical devices 2.Understand FDA's current regulatory research activities in the areas of medical physics and imaging products 3.Understand how being involved with AAPM and other organizations can also help to promote innovative, safe and effective medical devices J. Delfino, nothing to disclose
Higher Standards and Lower Achievement? An Evaluation of Pennsylvania’s Keystone Exams

As the requirement that students pass three Keystone Exams to graduate from high school was set to take effect, a new round of criticisms arose over the adoption of this assessment system. While the Keystone Exams better align with the new Pennsylvania Core Standards as compared to their predecessor, the Pennsylvania System of Student Achievement, low passage rates especially among low-income and minority students have been cited as a reason to delay implementation of the graduation requirement. This work uses OLS regression analysis to explain which factors are most predictive of school-level performance on the Algebra I, Biology, and Literature Keystone Exams. It finds that race, socioeconomic status, and a school’s English Language Learner and special education populations drive performance on the exams. The work concludes by discussing possible policy interventions for the Keystone Exam program going forward.
Telepharmacy: Controversy and Promise

Telepharmacy involves pharmacist provision of clinical services at a distance and often includes electronic health record integration, audio-video connections, and increased patient access to pharm...
High expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in malignant mesothelioma and possible therapeutic intervention using an N-cadherin antagonist.

2816 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates metastatic progression in neoplastic tissue and may have an important carcinogenic role in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). MPM tumors arise from mesothelial cells and could display either epithelial, mesenchymal, or sometimes both of these phenotypes. We tested the hypothesis that EMT plays an integral role in the pathogenesis of MPM by investigating the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of 6 EMT-specific biomarkers in archival MPM tumors, verified the protein expression in MPM cell lines via Western blot analysis, and also conducted IC50 assays on MPM cell lines using three novel N-cadherin antagonists (ADH-1, ADH-200024, ADH-200718). The IHC analysis was performed on a tissue microarray constructed from 88 paraffin-embedded MPM tissues, which included 27 biphasic, 51 epitheloid and 10 sarcomatoid subtypes. MPM frequently expressed high levels of cytoplasmic and membrane β-catenin (64% of cases), membrane N-cadherin (47%), nuclear Snail (75%), and cytoplasmic vimentin (82%). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, 12%) and integrin- α νβ6 (17%) showed high IHC expression at the cytoplasmic level in a small subset of tumors. Western blot analysis confirmed that most of these markers are expressed in mesothelioma cell lines e.g. Met5A, NC1-H28, MSTO-211H, NC1-H2052 and NC1-H2452. Reduced expression of E-cadherin protein was seen in MSTO-211H cells with a corresponding increase in N-cadherin protein. Our preliminary cell viability assays on the above-mentioned mesothelioma cell lines showed IC50 value ranges for ADH-1 (1.3 mM - 9.7 mM), ADH-200024 (0.2 mM - 1.6 mM), and ADH-200718 (13 nM - 84 nM). Conclusion: EMT-specific biomarkers have high expression levels in MPM tumors and are a potential target for cancer therapy. Further studies, with a focus on distinguishing differences between the three histologic subtypes, are currently underway. ADH-200718 may have viable antitumor activity against MPM cell lines.
Formative evaluation of a teledentistry training programme for oral health professionals.

Introduction The objective of this study was to conduct a formative evaluation of a teledentistry (TD) programme that was developed for a predominantly rural state in the Midwestern United States. Materials and Methods Formative evaluation data were collected on programme activities from the TD programme records. In addition, the effectiveness of the TD training programme was evaluated using a self-administered paper-based survey administered to the participants, immediately following completion of the training activity. Ninety-three dental students, oral health and other health professionals participated in the TD training programme. Results Overall, the trainees rated the TD training programme highly, with regard to the content, format and skills improvement. The evaluation also demonstrated a positive change in all trainees’ attitudes following the training sessions, with most trainees acknowledging a positive impact of the training on their knowledge and competency. Discussion and Conclusions We identified challenges in the development of the TD programme and in expanding access to oral health care for rural communities. Challenges included reimbursement and a limited interest amongst established dental offices. Dental schools can play an important role in preparing both dental health professionals and other health professionals in the use of TD by providing training and oral health expertise. The use of TD by non-dental providers for consultation, referral and disease management has the potential to improve oral health outcomes, particularly for rural and underserved populations. Evaluation data provide critical feedback to programme planners and administrators.
“Where Are the Bathrooms?”: Academic Library Restrooms and Student Needs

ABSTRACTThis article investigates bathrooms, paying specific attention to those in academic libraries. The authors describe how bathrooms have been considered in the library literature for the past century and challenges to changing the status quo. Finally, this work sets the stage for future inquiry. Research materials come from a range of sources: historical library literature, building codes, social science theory and research that address the issues around bathroom taboos, and checklists for assessing bathrooms. The authors propose librarians and library administrators reconsider all aspects of their own bathrooms: location, features, equity/inclusiveness, and maintenance in service to their patrons.
Reinforcing the Speaker: Effects of the Speech, Speaker, and Listener

Subjects showed substantial stability in the frequency that they reinforced the speech of others. The affective content of the speech, the ethnicity of the listener, the sex of the listener, and the sex of the listener x sex of the speaker interaction do not significantly influence rate of reinforcement. Psychometric measures of anxiety, hostility, depression, and neuroticism rarely are associated with frequency of reinforcement. However, extroversion was positively associated with frequency of reinforcement. It was concluded that the differential reinforcement of speech was an attribute of the listener rather than of what was heard, but that only a small part of the variance could be accounted for by attributes of the listener that have been examined in this and other studies.
Homology of Fibre Spaces: Elementary Theory

The relations among the homotopy groups of the fibre F, total space X and base space B of a fibration are rather simple, as we saw in §8 of Chapter IV. The behavior of the homology groups is much more complicated. In the simplest case, that of a trivial fibration, the relationship is given by the Kimneth Theorem. The general case will be treated in Chapter XIII with the aid of the complicated machinery of spectral sequences. In this Chapter we shall treat by more elementary methods certain important special cases. There are two reasons for this. The first is the hope that the geometrical considerations of this Chapter will help motivate the spectral sequence. The second is that the present route leads quickly to certain applications we have in mind, e.g., the homology of the classical groups.