cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Starch Polymorphic Structures Using Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

The polymorphic structures of starch were characterized with vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The noncentrosymmetry requirement of SFG spectroscopy allows for the detection of the ordered domains without spectral interferences from the amorphous phase and also the distinction of the symmetric elements among crystalline polymorphs. The V-type amylose was SFG-inactive due to the antiparallel packing of single helices in crystal unit cells, whereas the A- and B-type starches showed strong SFG peaks at 2904 cm(-1) and 2952-2968 cm(-1), which were assigned to CH stretching of the axial methine group in the ring and CH2 stretching of the exocyclic CH2OH side group, respectively. The CH2/CH intensity ratios of the A- and B-type starches are significantly different, indicating that the conformation of hydroxymethyl groups in these two polymorphs may be different. Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were also analyzed as a comparison to the V-type amylose and showed that the head-to-tail and head-to-head stacking patterns of cyclodextrin molecules govern their SFG signals and peak positions. Although the molecular packing is different between V-type amylose and cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, both crystals show the annihilation of SFG signals when the functional group dipoles are arranged pointing in opposite directions.
Delayed Fission Gamma-ray Characteristics of Th-232 U-233 U-235 U-238 and Pu-239

Delayed fission gamma-rays play an important role in determining the time dependent ioniz- ing dose for experiments in the central irradiation cavity of the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR). Delayed gamma-rays are produced from both fission product decay and from acti- vation of materials in the core, such as cladding and support structures. Knowing both the delayed gamma-ray emission rate and the time-dependent gamma-ray energy spectrum is nec- essary in order to properly determine the dose contributions from delayed fission gamma-rays. This information is especially important when attempting to deconvolute the time-dependent neutron, prompt gamma-ray, and delayed gamma-ray contribution to the response of a diamond photo-conducting diode (PCD) or fission chamber in time frames of milliseconds to seconds following a reactor pulse. This work focused on investigating delayed gamma-ray character- istics produced from fission products from thermal, fast, and high energy fission of Th-232, U-233, U-235, U-238, and Pu-239. This work uses a modified version of CINDER2008, a transmutation code developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, to model time and energy dependent photon characteristics due to fission. This modified code adds the capability to track photon-induced transmutations, photo-fission, and the subsequent radiation caused by fission products due to photo-fission. The more » data is compared against previous work done with SNL- modified CINDER2008 [ 1 ] and experimental data [ 2 , 3 ] and other published literature, includ- ing ENDF/B-VII.1 [ 4 ]. The ability to produce a high-fidelity (7,428 group) energy-dependent photon fluence at various times post-fission can improve the delayed photon characterization for radiation effects tests at research reactors, as well as other applications. « less
Results of Renal Transplantation in Children

AbstractFrom 1968 to 1978, 66 renal transplants were performed on 58 pediatric patients with end stage renal failure. With a mean followup of 6 years 46 patients (79.3 per cent) are alive and 35 (60.3 per cent) currently have a functioning renal allograft. Live donor allografts yielded fewer surgical complications and better long-term functional survival rates than cadaver allografts. Patient rehabilitation following a successful renal transplant was excellent. However, despite resumption of growth in most cases normal linear growth was achieved rarely. Renal transplantation provides the best long-term solution to the problem of end stage renal disease in children.
Monopole excitations of a harmonically trapped one-dimensional Bose gas from the ideal gas to the Tonks-Girardeau regime.

Using a time-dependent modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation (MNLSE)-where the conventional chemical potential proportional to the density is replaced by the one inferred from Lieb-Liniger's exact solution-we study frequencies of the collective monopole excitations of a one-dimensional Bose gas. We find that our method accurately reproduces the results of a recent experimental study [E. Haller et al., Science 325, 1224 (2009)] in the full spectrum of interaction regimes from the ideal gas, through the mean-field regime, through the mean-field Thomas-Fermi regime, all the way to the Tonks-Giradeau gas. While the former two are accessible by the standard time-dependent NLSE and inaccessible by the time-dependent local density approximation, the situation reverses in the latter case. However, the MNLSE is shown to treat all these regimes within a single numerical method.
Challenges and Changes in an Aging Consumer Market: A Medicare Healthcare Study

As the population of the United States continues to increase, the average age is rising with the aging of the “baby boomer” generation as a major contributing factor. A doubling of the “seniors” market in the next 30 years presents special challenges for public policy makers and opportunities for healthcare providers, particularly primary care physicians. Congress and the Health Care Financing Administration (HCF A) are currently confronted with limited resources for Medicare. Authorized Medicare physician expenditures will demand greatly increased funding. In tum, this increase will require more participating physicians and increased Medicare participation by current providers. In recent years, primary care physicians have received higher authorized fees, and have served an important role as “gatekeepers” for referrals to the more expensive nonprimary care. These physicians have experienced a change from a predominately consumer market (e.g., patient pay) to a more competitive business market (e.g., government, HMO). There still remains a substantial difference in the lower fees for a given service to government (Medicare, Medicaid) and the higher fees offered by private insurance payors.
Middle Mississippian disparid crinoids from the Midcontinental United States

ABsTRAcr-Systematic restudy of Lower Mississippian disparid crinoids from the midcontinental United States results in the recognition of nine valid species and one left in open nomenclature. Although disparid crinoids are not diverse, they may be locally abundant and be the dominant crinoids in certain settings. The following species are considered valid: Catillocrinus tennesseeae Shumard, Catillocrinus wachsmuthi (Meek and Worthen), Eucatillocrinus bradleyi (Meek and Worthen), Halysiocrinus bradleyi (Meek and Worthen), Halysiocrinus cumberlandensis new species, Halysiocrinus springeri Brower, Halysiocrinus tunicatus (Hall), Synbathocrinus blairi Miller, and Synbathocrinus swallovi Hall. Several species are placed into synonymy. Catillocrinus shumardi Springer and C. turbinatus are considered junior synonyms of C. tennesseeae. Halysiocrinus granuliferus and H. perplexus are regarded as junior synonyms of H. tunicatus. Synbathocrinus angularis Miller and Gurley, S. granulatus (Wood), S. granuliferus Wetherby, S. robustus Shumard, and S. troosti (Wood) are deemed junior synonyms of S. swallovi. The youngest (Meramecian) North American calceocrinids, Halysiocrinus sp., are reported, herein, from the Harrodsburg and Salem Limestones of Indiana.
An Opportunity for Charity? A Catholic Tradition in Understanding Disability and Its Impact on Ministry

David Perry, the father of a boy with Down Syndrome, wrote an angry reaction to Pope Francis' references to individuals and families living with disabilities in Amoris Laetitia. Perry is con-cerned...
Enhancing Cycling Stability of Aqueous Polyaniline Electrochemical Capacitors

Electrochemical capacitors fabricated with polyaniline nanofibers are cycled 150 000 times with 98% capacitance retention. These devices maintain an energy density of 11.41 Wh/kg at a power density of 4000 W/kg, 64 times greater than that of an identically fabricated device based on activated carbon (0.177 Wh/kg at 4600 W/kg). For applications requiring a higher specific energy, 33.39 Wh/kg at a specific power of 600 W/kg is obtained by widening the voltage window; this device retains 93% capacitance after 10 000 cycles. We achieve a high cycling stability through careful device engineering paired with a renewed focus on the electrochemical processes occurring at the positive and negative electrodes during cycling.
Massive Pleural Effusions and Anasarca After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Abstract 4556 A 37 year old male with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with normal cytogenetics 46XY in second complete remission (CR2) after 8 cycles of HyperCVAD and 4 cycles of salvage nelarabine underwent myeloablative conditioning with cyclophosphamide TBI for a matched related donor allogeneic stem cell transplant from his brother. His day+100 bone marrow biopsy showed CR2 and was 100% donor. His post transplant course was unremarkable until he relapsed d+162. The immunosuppression was tapered off rapidly and 2 cycles of nelarabine and a donor lymphocyte infusion (1×107 CD3 cells/kg) were completed by d+254 and CR3 was achieved. He did well until d+608 when he presented with a month long history of dyspnea and recurrent bilateral large pleural effusions (despite multiple large volume thoracenteses) and anasarca including facial edema. He had gained 15 kilograms in 2 weeks. He had no fever, skin rash, sicca syndrome or lichen planus. Chest and abdomen CT showed massive bilateral pleural effusions, but no lung infiltrate, pericardial effusion or ascites or lymphadenopathy. The complete blood count, renal function and liver function tests were normal and there was normal hepatopedal flow in the main portal vein and its branches. The echocardiogram showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 60% (normal) and there were no vegetations. The serum ANA, anti-Ro and anti-La were negative. The bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of relapse of T cell ALL. The peripheral blood STR was 100% donor. The pleural fluid was transudative and cytology showed no malignancy. Pleural fluid flow cytometry showed no CD20+ B cells but did show polyclonal T cells with a CD4:CD8 ratio of 0.22. The pleural biopsy showed reactive mesothelial cells with mixed acute and chronic inflammation and no malignancy. Ebstein Barr virus in-situ hybridization and HHV-8 immunohistochemistry was negative on the pleural biopsy. All bacterial, fungal and viral (including CMV, EBV, HSV, adenovirus, VZV, HIV, BK) of the blood, urine and pleural fluid were unremarkable. A random skin biopsy of the forearm showed scleroderma. Methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg iv daily and therapeutic tacrolimus with extracorporeal photoporesis was begun with resolution of the pleural effusions and anasarca two months later. On d+903 he remains in CR3 and is on tapering courses of prednisone and tacrolimus without recurrence of the pleural effusions or anasarca. Conclusion: Isolated sterile pleural effusions with anasarca should be recognized as a rare feature of late onset chronic graft versus host disease so as to allow prompt initiation of immunosuppression. The patient shared the HLA antigens HLA DR15 and HLA DQW6 which are associated with autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus suggesting that patients with this HLA combination may be more prone to this presentation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Compositional Dependent Crystal Structure in NiMnGa Matensite

The effect of composition on martensitic phase transformation and structure in polycrystalline NiMnGa was investigated through Ni substitution for Mn, Ga and Mn substitution for Ga. The martensitic transformation temperatures almost linerly increase with increasing Ni content in Ni50+xMn50-xGa25, Ni50+yMn25Ga25-y and Mn content in Ni50Mn25+zGa25-z. The increases in rate of the martensitic transformation temperatures are different for the three conditions. It is large for Ga substituted by Ni, slow for both Mn substituted by Ni and Ga substituted by Mn. Analysis shows that electronic concentration is an important factor to influence the martensitic transformation temperature in the Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The results show that Ni excess stabilizes the NM martensitic structure and Mn excess stabilizes the 7M martensitic strcuture in broad composition range.
Associative learning contributes to the increased water intake observed after daily injections of angiotensin II.

Daily injections of angiotensin II (AngII) cause a progressive increase of water intake that resembles a classically ascribed non-associative sensitization. Consistent with the presumption that the observed increase in intake was sensitization, we hypothesized that it resulted from a pharmacological interaction between AngII and its receptor. To test this hypothesis, and remove the influence of drinking itself, we implemented a delay in water access after injection of AngII (icv) on four consecutive ‘induction days,’ and then measured intake on the next day (‘test day’) when rats were allowed to drink immediately after AngII. The delay in water access effectively reduced water intake on the four induction days, and rats with longer delays in access drank less on the test day than did rats allowed to drink immediately after AngII on the induction days. Additional experiments ruled out a role for a conditioned drinking response to the injection alone, and demonstrated a lack of conditioned appetition after pairing injections of AngII with water given by intragastric catheter. Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased drinking observed after daily injections of AngII is a conditioned appetition after repeated pairings of AngII and water intake. We further conclude that repeated stimulation of the AngII receptor alone is not sufficient to drive appetition.
Development of a dual-energy computed tomography quality control program: Characterization of scanner response and definition of relevant parameters for a fast-kVp switching dual-energy computed tomography system.

Purpose A prototype QC phantom system and analysis process were developed to characterize the spectral capabilities of a fast kV-switching dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scanner. This work addresses the current lack of quantitative oversight for this technology, with the goal of identifying relevant scan parameters and test metrics instrumental to the development of a dual-energy quality control (DEQC). Methods A prototype elliptical phantom (effective diameter: 35 cm) was designed with multiple material inserts for DECT imaging. Inserts included tissue equivalent and material rods (including iodine and calcium at varying concentrations). The phantom was scanned on a fast kV-switching DECT system using 16 dual-energy acquisitions (CTDIvol range: 10.3-62 mGy) with varying pitch, rotation time, and tube current. The circular head phantom (22 cm diameter) was scanned using a similar protocol (12 acquisitions; CTDIvol range: 36.7-132.6 mGy). All acquisitions were reconstructed at 50, 70, 110, and 140 keV and using a water-iodine material basis pair. The images were evaluated for iodine quantification accuracy, stability of monoenergetic reconstruction CT number, noise, and positional constancy. Variance component analysis was used to identify technique parameters that drove deviations in test metrics. Variances were compared to thresholds derived from manufacturer tolerances to determine technique parameters that had a nominally significant effect on test metrics. Results Iodine quantification error was largely unaffected by any of the technique parameters investigated. Monoenergetic HU stability was found to be affected by mAs, with a threshold under which spectral separation was unsuccessful, diminishing the utility of DECT imaging. Noise was found to be affected by CTDIvol in the DEQC body phantom, and CTDIvol and mA in the DEQC head phantom. Positional constancy was found to be affected by mAs in the DEQC body phantom and mA in the DEQC head phantom. Conclusion A streamlined scan protocol was developed to further investigate the effects of CTDIvol and rotation time while limiting data collection to the DEQC body phantom. Further data collection will be pursued to determine baseline values and statistically based failure thresholds for the validation of long-term DECT scanner performance.
Jensen’s Theorem and Applications

One of our most useful tools is Jensen’s Theorem, which can be used to relate the distribution of zeros of an entire function to its growth. We prove Jensen’s Theorem using the Gauss Mean Value Theorem.
A New Method for Calibrating the Fuzzy Sets Used in fsQCA

ABSTRACT This paper provides a new methodology for calibrating the fuzzy sets that are used in fsQCA, one that is based on clearly distinguishing between a linguistic variable and the linguistic terms for that variable, and that allows for uncertainties about those terms to be included in the calibration method. Each resulting fuzzy set, called an approximated reduced-information level 2 fuzzy set (RI L2 fuzzy set), is equivalent to a standard type-1 fuzzy set, but is for the linguistic variable, and, it has an S-shape, the kind of shape that is so widely used by fsQCA scholars, and is so important to fsQCA. This new calibration methodology is applied to Ragin's Breakdown of Democracy example, using new data provided by him, and demonstrates that his earlier solutions are also obtained using our approximated RI L2 fuzzy sets, something that should be reassuring to fsQCA scholars. Additionally, because the S-shaped membership functions are derived from footprints of uncertainty for all of the linguistic variable's terms, this paper shows how to obtain more precise statements of fsQCA causal combinations for their best instances, something that may be of added value to practitioners of fsQCA. Finally, we explain how different data-driven calibration robustness studies can be performed, something that may also be of great value to fsQCA practitioners.
The interaction of temperature and precipitation determines productivity and diversity in a bunchgrass prairie ecosystem.

Over the past century at the National Bison Range, temperature has increased by 0.6 °C, and annual precipitation has decreased by 26%, despite increases in May–June precipitation over the past 35 years. Limited experimental work to date has explored plant responses produced by the interaction of changes in both temperature and precipitation, and of the existing studies, none have focused on the endangered bunchgrass ecosystem. Using a 2-year climate change manipulation experiment, we show that bunchgrass productivity increased with supplemental growing season precipitation, while warming alone exerted no significant effect. More importantly, the ratio of June precipitation to minimum temperature, a representation of the interaction of climate variables, predicted bunchgrass productivity better than either climate variable individually. This ratio acted as a surrogate index reflecting increased evapotranspiration with rising temperatures and thus better predicting soil moisture available for plant growth. Experimental warming over the summer led to significantly lower plant species richness and biodiversity, while increased precipitation, when applied over the entire summer, counteracted some of these declines. Warming also led to greater and more rapid plant senescence over the summer, resulting in greater litter production [an increase of 47.82 ± 17.82 (± SE) percentage points] and potential fire risk. Given the simultaneous changes in precipitation and temperature predicted for the next century, multi-factor experiments are essential to understand how ecosystems will respond to future climate scenarios.
The Study and Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Misuse Among Migrants: Toward a Transnational Theory of Cultural Stress

Prior research suggests that international migrants, taken together, experience alcohol and other drug (AOD)-related problems at lower rates than do non-migrants. However, many migrants do, in fact, misuse AOD, with elevated levels of risk observed among those who migrate during childhood and those who experience adverse/stressful events. In our prior work, we have advanced cultural stress theory, which is concerned with the ways in which adverse migration-related experiences can create disruptions in family functioning and, in turn, increase risk for adverse behavioral and mental health outcomes, including AOD misuse. In this article, we provide an overview of prior research on AOD misuse among immigrants and highlight critical gaps in research and theory. In turn, we present a framework for AOD misuse research and prevention that (1) considers the importance of pre-migration, transit-related, and post-migration stressors; (2) prioritizes cross-national and multisite comparative designs; and (3) highlights transnational dynamics in migration.
Person Re-Identification Using Hybrid Representation Reinforced by Metric Learning

Person Re-Identification (Re-Id) is among the main constituents of an automated visual surveillance system. It aims at finding out true matches of a given query person from a large repository of non-overlapping camera images/videos. In this paper, we have proposed an efficient Re-Id approach that is based on a highly discriminative hybrid person representation which combines the low-level hand-crafted appearance based features together with the mid-level attributes and semantic based deep features. The low-level hand crafted features are extracted by using hierarchical Gaussian and local histogram distributions in different color spaces. These features incorporate discriminative texture, shape and color information which is invariant to distractors, e.g., variations in pose, viewpoint and illumination, and so on. The mid-level attribute based deep features are extracted to incorporate contextual- and semantic-based information. The feature space is optimized and self-learned using cross-view quadratic discriminant analysis and multiple metric learning, with the aim to reduce the intra-class differences and increase the inter-class variations for robust person matching. The proposed framework is evaluated on publicly available small scale (VIPeR, PRID450s, and GRID) and large scale (CUHK01, Market1501, and DukeMTMC-ReID) person Re-Id datasets. The experimental results show that the hybrid hand-crafted and deep features outperformed the existing state-of-the-art in approaches in the unsupervised paradigm.
Use of plasma neutrophil gelatinas associated lipocalin level to identify critical patients with acute kidney injury that require renal replacement therapy: is it a reliable biomarker?

High levels of plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (pNGAL) have been reported to show strong correlation with renal replacement therapy (RRT) for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Current literature outlines several benefits and associated risks of RRT in intensive care unit (ICU) (1). However the proposed parameters for starting RRT are inconsistent such as the use of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Also the duration of RRT in AKI for ICU patients is not clearly defined (2). pNGAL has been reported as a reliable novel AKI biomarker (3). This study aims to find the use of pNGAL level to identify high-risk AKI patients before starting RRT and also using the level of pNGAL as a monitoring tool for renal recovery in critical care settings.
Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

BackgroundNeoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) improves overall and disease-free survival. However, there is much debate over the optimal n...
2017 Research Grant: Intravenous ketorolac substantially reduces opioid use following lumbar spinal fusion: early results of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Lumbar spine fusions are rated among the most painful surgical procedures. Adequately controlling postoperative pain while minimizing opioid use is an important public health objective. SUMMARY Early results of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial show that intravenous ketorolac (IV-K) results in a substantial reduction in opioid use and improved pain control compared to placebo (IV-P) and IV acetaminophen (IV-A). IV-K did not increase rates of hematoma, drain output, transfusions or serum creatinine. There was a trend toward decreased length of stay (LOS) with IV-K. HYPOTHESIS IV-K would decrease in hospital opioid use compared to IV Placebo (IV-P) and Intravenous Acetaminophen (IV-A). DESIGN Randomized, double-blind trial. METHODS Patients (Pts) were randomized to receive IV-K, IV-P or IV-A. The inclusion criteria were: age 18-75, 1-2 level lumbar fusion and no history of long-term opioid use. Smokers and pts with contraindications to IV-A or IV-K were excluded. IV-K pts received 15mg (age >65) or 30mg (age RESULTS A total of 115 pts met inclusion criteria (39 IV-K, 39 IV-A, 37 IV-P). There was no difference between pts with regard to demographic or surgical variables. IV-K group had substantially lower opioid use at 72h (181±156mg) compared to IV-A (268±176mg) and IV-P (315±183mg) (p=0.003). IV-K was superior to IV-A (p=0.030) and IV-P (0.001). IV-A was not superior to IV-P (p=0.234). Similar trends were observed for opioid use per-hour (IV-K: 3.0±2.4mg/h; IV-A: 4.1±2.3mg/h; IV-P: 4.7±2.5mg/h, p=0.009). IV-K pts reported improved pain control on POD1 (p=0.050). IV-K pts trended toward shorter LOS (IV-K: 75±44h; IV-A: 93±60h; IV-P:88±35h, p=0.231). There were no differences in ORAE, drain output, hematocrit levels, serum creatinine and transfusion rates. CONCLUSION IV-K results in a substantial reduction in opioid use (>40% vs IV-P, >30% vs IV-A) and improved pain control on POD1. There is a trend toward decreased LOS; there appears to be no increase in in-hospital complications. Longer term follow-up will assess impact of IV-K on pseudarthrosis. IV-K reduces opioid use after spinal fusion by >40% compared to placebo and >30% compared to IV acetaminophen. There is a trend toward decreased LOS with IV-K. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS Intravenous ketorolac and intravenous acetaminophen are FDA app
Disseminated herpes zoster with acute encephalitis in an immunocompetent elderly man

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis typically occurs in immunosuppressed populations such as in patients with HIV/AIDS, transplantation and autoimmune disease. However, it can also occur in healthy hosts. We present the case of an immunocompetent patient who presented with a clinical picture of VZV encephalitis with the sole precipitating factor of advanced age. We want to stress the importance of including VZV in the differential diagnosis for encephalitis in healthy elderly hosts. In patients with a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis, the presence of herpes zoster rash increases the likelihood of VZV encephalitis. However, the absence of a skin rash may not exclude the diagnosis. In general, there is an elevated risk of transient ischaemic attack and stroke associated with the diagnosis of herpes zoster infection. Early treatment is essential to prevent complications, including death.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from E. coli: Studies on the role of σ in chain initiation

Abstract The pyrophosphate exchange reaction catalyzed by E. coli RNA polymerase on phage T4 and calf thymus DNA templates was studied as a measure of synthesis of the initiating dinucleotide. The results indicate that the E. coli σ protein functions at a step prior to the completion of the first phosphodiester bond. Furthermore, incorporation of ATP into the 5′ terminus of RNA chains appears to be more strongly dependent on σ than incorporation of GTP.
Agricultural layering explains variation in sediment P dynamics in streams draining two distinct agricultural biomes

Phosphorus (P) enrichment of headwater agricultural streams due to the runoff of fertilizers can lead to the eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems. Agriculture is intensive but heterogeneous in the Mississippi River Basin, with a mixture of pasture, row crops, and patches of confined animal feedlot operations (CAFOs). Many studies have evaluated how a single form of agricultural land use can affect sediment response to P loading, but few have considered the role of agricultural layering (i.e., one vs. two forms of agriculture in the same watershed). We used a synoptic sampling approach to determine the effect of agricultural layering on sediment P cycling in two watersheds in Arkansas (AR) and Michigan (MI). We sampled stream sediments from 10 sites in each watershed across two seasons; sampling from sites draining row crop vs. row crop plus a dairy in MI, and from sites draining chicken CAFOs vs. chicken CAFOs with pasture in AR. The proportion of bioavailable P was highest in MI and lowest in AR sediments, likely due to enhanced runoff of P rich sediment from row crops in MI, compared to sites in AR that were still predominantly forested, despite isolated CAFOs. Sediment P retention capacity was lowest downstream of sites with row crop + dairy in MI and highest at sites draining CAFOs alone in AR. Finally, substrate size differences between watersheds likely influences the reach-scale potential P retention capacity. Overall, we show that agricultural layering along with underlying geology can explain drivers influencing sediment P dynamics in agricultural streams.
Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Spectra in Polystyrene

Our previous study of low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) in several common polymers revealed that PL intensity is, to different degree, temperature dependent in all of them. Even though polystyrene (PS) showed only moderate temperature dependence, it was the only studied polymer in which the wavelength, and therefore the energy, of the PL peak changed with temperature. In this work, we explored that effect in more detail and found that it is not present in all samples. Therefore, the effect is not intrinsic to PS, and we hypothesize that it is due to impurities. Moreover, our analysis revealed that the shift of the peak is due to a second PL peak, which displays a very strong temperature dependence. These PL results are also supplemented with UV-vis measurements on the same samples.
Sociometric Social Work with Communities

This chapter uncovers Moreno’s often overlooked contributions to community practice through his sociometric approaches. His early work with communities is presented including in refugee camps, prisons, a reform school, and his psychiatric hospital. Brief introductions to social work with communities, therapeutic communities, and the Sanctuary Model are included. Multiple action-based sociometry processes are described with their utility for use in diverse community settings and example prompts. Sociometry processes depicted include spectrograms, locograms, floor checks, step-in sociometry, hands-on-shoulder sociograms, and the circle of strength safety structure.
Do activities in graded readers promote vocabulary learning? A Technique Feature Analysis study

Vocabulary acquisition through reading has been repeatedly studied in second language learning research and several recent studies conclude that incidental learning through reading needs to be complemented with intentional learning activities that target specific words. These learning opportunities are potentially present in graded readers (i.e., books adapted to the proficiency level of the learners). Seeking to contribute to this growing area of scholarship, this study analyzes the activities in 10 elementary Spanish graded readers. The framework used to measure the activities' quality is Nation and Webb's (2011) Technique Feature Analysis (TFA). Results show that graded readers include only a low number of activities explicitly focused on vocabulary. In addition, TFA scores were extremely low for most of the activities. Overall, the study indicates the necessity of increasing the quantity and quality of vocabulary activities in these books.
Managing Financial Risk by Using Derivatives: A Study of United Arab Emirate Listed Companies

The present paper attempts to identify the ways that the United Arab Emirate listed companies manage their financial risk with the use of derivatives. By examining the companies’ annual reports and financial reviews for the year 2015. The studied revealed that low use of the financial derivatives within Investment and the real estate industries. The use of the derivatives was only 25% while is consider to be below due to the high risk associated with the industry. The risk management tools available for hedging real-estate risk within the United Arab Emirate financial market are very much in their infancy and have problems ranging from illiquidity of trading to lack of theoretical development regarding modeling.
Psycholegal Issues for Clinical Child Neuropsychology

From a legal perspective, the specialty of clinical child neuropsychology has progressed to a new stage of professionalism. Despite a myriad of public-policy forces continuing to create countervalences for definition and placement in human services, clinical child neuropsychology has clearly established itself as a viable clinical specialty. Healthcare professionals (with a few sociopolitically motivated exceptions) have embraced neuropsychology in general and clinical child neuropsychology in particular into neurologically related services, and endorsed making the services available in a plethora of clinical settings. Important research has occurred, such as refinements in psychological tests for neuropsychological interpretations, which strengthens the specialty and provides it with distinction from adult neuropsychology. As a specialization, clinical child neuropsychology is well within the scope of common practices for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.
Some design issues of disk arrays

Some of the issues that should be considered in the design of a disk array subsystem are discussed. The objective is not to come up with a standard, or the best disk array solution, but rather to bring out some of the design options, to provide a better understanding of the tradeoffs of some of the choices, and to point out some pitfalls to avoid. >
Regulating Coexistence in the New Political-Economy: Cross-Sector Collaboration in a Workforce Development Approach

Private non-profit organizations are increasingly assuming key roles as human service providers within the new political economy. This paper aims to contribute to our understandings of how the participation of nonprofit intermediaries can modify the outcomes of the market and how such participation dynamically relates to policy and regulation. Developing an integrated approach to the question of sectoral difference and cross-sector collaboration, the paper focuses on the challenge of reform and sustainability in a particular social field - Workforce Development - situated at the intersection of law, market, and society. In an era of privatization, welfare-to-work reforms, and a "devolution revolution," government agencies must often decide whether to support and cooperate with for-profit or nonprofit intermediaries, and how to structure the relations between them. Often, through newly adopted voucher systems, the choice is left to individual consumers to decide between service providers that vary in organizational form. Focusing on the emerging roles of non-profits as they respond to the changing realities of work and service provision, the paper questions conventional assumptions about divisions between sectors. In particular, the paper analyzes a series of quantitative and qualitative studies on differences in performance among publicly funded vocational training providers. By comparing the complex circumstances in which nonprofit initiatives in a mixed industry produce interventionist and redistributional effects with those in which organizational form seems insignificant, the goal is to provide a better normative understanding of the comparative advantage of different organizational forms in changing social contexts.
Watching Grass Grow: The Emergence of Brachypodium distachyon as a Model for the Poaceae

Advances in plant molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics necessitated the establishment of model plants for common research. Here, we explore how a model organism gains such a status, and how it can be predicated on the success of another model organism. Arabidopsis thaliana emerged as a model in the 1980s and was the first plant to have its genome sequenced. Yet, with all of its success in the laboratory, Arabidopsis is, arguably, a poor tool for translational research. Brachypodium distachyon was proposed as a new model system to specially meet perceived gaps in basic and applied research for cereal, bioenergy, and forage grasses. Brachypodium seems to have come up from different roots than its predecessor, as shown by our investigation of the individuals and institutions involved with its development. These researchers managed to push this grass, with its sequenced genome, molecular toolbox, and supporting community to become the “model of all the Poaceae” and to challenge Arabidopsis’ status as “the model plant.”
Peripheral and neurochemical parallels of psychopathology: a psychophysiological model relating autonomic imbalance to hyperactivity, psychopathy, and autism.

Publisher Summary This chapter generates a testable model interrelating the biochemical theories of psychopathology and the psychophysiological theories of attention. The model, partially supported by experimental data, might lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating individual differences in attention and might, through future research, explain why and how specific pharmacological interventions are successful. The success of this approach is based upon the parallelism between behavior and physiological activity. This multivariate approach is the basis for psychophysiological research. Physiologically, certain cells in the central nervous system have the potential to respond to a variety of neurotransmitters; that they actually respond to one transmitter or another is, in part, a function of environmental influences. Although three psychopathologies were selected to demonstrate the relationship between behavior and physiological activity, the use of developmental populations for this purpose would have been as effective. There is a series of developmental trends in the autonomic nervous system that parallels the trends observed in behavior.
Suppression of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Experimental African Trypanosomiasis

Adult New Zealand white rabbits were experimentally infected with a parasitic African hemoflagellate, Trypanosoma congolense, and were subsequently tested for in vivo and in vitro aspects of cell-mediated immune function. Chronically infected rabbits were sensitized to mycobacterial protein and skin-tested with purified protein derivative; all infected animals demonstrated much milder skin-test responses to antigen than control groups. Similarly, peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in vitro to purified protein derivative and, as well, to phytohemagglutinin were markedly suppressed. Supernatant fluids of antigen-stimulated lymph node cell cultures from T. congolense-infected rabbits failed to demonstrate migration inhibitory factor activity but did possess normal levels of blastogenic factor activity. An active infection was necessary for demonstration of suppressed immune responses, and components present in infected rabbit serum were apparently not responsible for the observed abnormalities. Suppression of T-lymphocyte subpopulations may well explain the occurrence of numerous immunological aberrations arising during human and animal infections with the African trypanosomes.
Personality, negative affect coping, and drinking alone: a structural equation modeling approach to examine correlates of adolescent solitary drinking

AIMS: This study examined the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint and the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states as correlates of solitary drinking in adolescence. We hypothesized that higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of constraint would predict solitary drinking and that these relationships would be mediated by the ability to resist drinking in response to negative emotions. DESIGN: Structural equation modeling was used to fit a path model from the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint to solitary drinking status through intermediate effects on the ability to resist drinking during negative emotions using cross-sectional data. SETTING: Clinical and community settings in Pennsylvania, USA. PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 761 adolescent drinkers (mean age = 17.1). MEASUREMENTS: Adolescents completed the Lifetime Drinking History, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Constructive Thinking Inventory, and the Situational Confidence Questionnaire. FINDINGS: The path model provided good fit to the data. The association between trait negative emotionality and solitary drinking was fully mediated by adolescents' ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (OR=1.05, b=.05, p=.01). In contrast, constraint had a direct effect on solitary drinking (OR=.79, b=-.23, pCONCLUSIONS: The ability to resist drinking while experiencing negative feelings or emotions may be an important underlying mechanism linking trait negative emotionality (a tendency toward depression, anxiety, and poor reaction to stress) and constraint (lack of impulsiveness) to adolescent solitary drinking. Language: en
Exercise training in childhood cancer survivors with subclinical cardiomyopathy who were treated with anthracyclines.

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) treated with anthracyclines are at risk for cardiomyopathy. This case series evaluated the response of anthracycline exposed CCS with subclinical cardiomyopathy to aerobic and strength training. Body composition, strength and cardiopulmonary fitness were evaluated before and after the 12-week intervention. All equipment and materials were provided to five 10+ year CCS (3 males, mean age 38.0 ± 3.3 years) for a guideline-based home exercise program. All five completed the study with no adverse events. Compliance with exercise was 86%. These results suggest that exercise training may improve exercise capacity of CCS with subclinical cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:942–945. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Assay of Mixtures of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Citrate in Antacid Preparations

Abstract A method involving ion-exchange chromatography and titration was developed. A diluted sample was run through a cation-exchange resin column. After the eluate was boiled, it was titrated with 0.02 N NaOH to find the sodium citrate content (Titration I). An equal volume of the diluted sample was eluted through an anion-exchange resin column and the eluate was titrated with 0.02 N HCl to assay for total sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate (Titration II). Subtracting the result of Titration I from that of Titration II, gave the sodium bicarbonate content. The cation-exchange chromatography step was validated previously. The anion-exchange chromatography step was validated by assaying pure sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate separately. The overall percent recoveries (+ SD) were 98.9 + 0.2% for sodium citrate and 98.1 + 0.1% for sodium bicarbonate (n = 3). Average percent recoveries (+ SD) from synthetic mixtures of the two salts were (n = 4): 99.3 + 0.5% for sodium citrate and 98.0 + 1.2% for sod...
The policy science movement (an outsider's view)

An assessment is made of the expanding policy sciences movement—the proliferation of policy science centers, the existence of a specialized journal, and the large number of programmatic books being published. This paper focuses on the role that policy scientists assign to themselves in the whole decision process, i.e., their strategy. Four characteristics of the policy scientist's self-image are discussed: his work should include reassessment of a problem's goals; he represents a new type of professional; he cannot be expected to contribute to the general knowledge of specific academic disciplines; he is concerned with making recommendations that are acceptable to his sponsor. The research style of the policy scientist is examined, and four basic characteristics of this style are identified: a tendency to bypass microsociological data; an interest in futurism; an emphasis on a so-called systems approach; and an identification with interdisciplinarity.
Nodulation of soybean roots by an isolate of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with reduced firm attachment capability

A field isolate of Bradyrhizobium japonicum which failed to attach polarly or firmly to soybean roots was compared with the laboratory isolate I-110 for its relative rate of growth, piliation, attachment and nodulation. Both isolates grew at a comparable rate in yeast extract-gluconate medium as well as in soybean root exudate, produced comparable amounts of soybean lectin binding polysaccharide, infected through curled root hairs and developed effective nodules. Approximately 5% of cells in cultures of 110 possessed pili but none were detected in cultures of 1007 by electron microscopy. Light microscopic observations of root hairs from roots exposed to 1007 and 110 inoculum showed no polarly attached cells of 1007 and approximately 100 cells of 110 polarly attached per mm root hair length. Plate counting of firmly bound cells released by sonication indicated that the number of 1007 cells firmly adhering was at least 1000-fold lower than the number of 110 cells attached. The significance of polar, firm and weak attachment in the initiation of symbiotic interactions is discussed.