cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of electrical activation site on left ventricular performance in ventricular tachycardia patients with coronary heart disease

Some patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) remain virtually asymptomatic, whereas others have syncope despite similar VT rates. The role of ventricular activation site on left ventricular (LV) function was examined in 10 patients undergoing electrophysiologic evaluation for recurrent ventricular arrhythmias. Radionuclide ventriculograms were acquired to calculate LV volumes and aortic or LV pressure was measured during right atrial and right ventricular (RV) pacing. RV apical pacing resulted in end-diastolic volumes similar to those achieved with right atrial pacing (171 +/- 27 vs 175 +/- 19 ml), whereas RV outflow tract pacing showed a trend toward lower volumes (168 +/- 32 vs 177 +/- 33 ml). Comparison between RV apical and RV outflow tract pacing showed that apical activation resulted in higher end-diastolic volumes (216 +/- 26 vs 194 +/- 22 ml, p = 0.020), end-systolic volumes (175 +/- 25 vs 158 +/- 20 ml, p = 0.041), stroke volumes (42 +/- 4 vs 36 +/- 6 ml, p = 0.046), peak rates of LV ejection (309 +/- 57 vs 245 +/- 40 ml/s, p = 0.034) and peak rates normalized for differences in end-diastolic volume (1.5 +/- 0.3 vs 1.3 +/- 0.3; p = 0.047) without a significant increase in peak pressures (131 +/- 12 vs 127 +/- 14 mm Hg, p greater than 0.30) or ejection fractions (24 +/- 5 vs 22 +/- 4%, p = 0.187). These changes were accompanied by an increase in LV/RV stroke count ratios during RV apical vs RV outflow tract pacing (1.6 +/- 0.2 vs 1.2 +/- 0.2, p = 0.030), suggesting the development of mitral regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creep of tin, Sb-solution-strengthened tin, and SbSn-precipitate-strengthened tin

The creep properties of tin-antimony alloys were studied up to the peritectic composition. For tin at temperatures below approximately 150 °C, creep is dominated by pipe diffusion-controlled climb with a stress exponent of 8 and activation energy of 70 kJ/mol. At high stresses, small amounts of impurities cause a transition to a less stress sensitive, most likely solute drag-controlled mechanism. Antimony atoms in solution have only a minor effect on these creep properties. Alloys with higher compositions of antimony contain whiskerlike SbSn precipitates. These alloys exhibit a discontinuous transition in stress exponent and activation energy at an intermediate stress. The creep behavior of these alloys is described fairly well by a composite theory in which the power law stress is divided by a strengthening coefficient, and the strengthening coefficient is related to the precipitate volume fraction and the aspect ratio. Using a friction stress and a strengthening coefficient simultaneously, the behavior of these alloys can be described entirely in terms of tin creep constants. Aging at 100 °C has little effect on the creep properties of the precipitation-strengthened alloys. It is expected that solder alloys strengthened by these precipitates would maintain a significant fraction of their creep strength for significant periods at temperatures below 100 °C.
Electrochemical Deposition of FeCo and FeCoV Alloys

High-quality FeCo and FeCoV thin films with Fe concentrations between 32 and 52 atom% were electrodeposited from a sulfamate solution. The grain size of the films was about 200 nm. The thickness of the films was up to several hundred micrometers. The magnetic properties of these films are characteristic of bulk FeCo alloys. The addition of small amounts of vanadium eliminated film cracking but slightly decreased the magnetic permeability. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Intelligent agent-supported knowledge management

Knowledge management (KM) has been getting more and more attention from industry and academia. Various kinds of KM tools have been developed to support KM activities. With these tools, knowledge workers share knowledge and information. These tools and related activities (e.g. management and organisation of discussion forums) achieve significant success and receive great business benefits. However, the existing KM tools are far from enough; most tools only supply a communication platform, and much creative knowledge work still depends entirely on human activities. Obviously, the mental stability of humans significantly affects how knowledge workers perform. Therefore, more sophisticated and intelligent support to knowledge-related activities is needed. This paper discusses the current KM practice and the important role of intelligent agents in KM. Further, the trend and important issues of intelligent-agent supported KM are analysed.
Genetic Risk Factors in the Development of Heart Disease: Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Hyperhomocysteinemia

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States. Several risk factors for heart disease are genetically based. Two of these risk factors are familial hypercholesterolemia and hyperhomocysteinemia. Effective and relatively inexpensive treatments have been established for these risk factors. This article reviews the genetic basis for familial hypercholesterolemia and hyperhomocysteinemia, presents strategies for diagnosis and treatment, and discusses implications for nursing practice.
Social networks generate interest in computer science

For forty years programming has been the foundation of introductory computer science. Despite exponential increases in computational power during this period, examples used in introductory courses have remained largely unchanged. The incredible growth in statistics courses at all levels, in contrast with the decline of students taking computer science courses, points to the potential for introducing computer science at many levels without emphasizing the process of programming: leverage the expertise and role-models provided by high school mathematics teachers by studying topics that arise from social networks and modeling to introduce computer science as an alternative to the traditional programming approach. This new approach may capture the interest of a broad population of students, crossing gender boundaries. We are developing modules that we hope will capture student interest and provide a compelling yet intellectually rich area of study. We plan to incorporate these modules into existing courses in math, statistics, and computer science at a wide variety of schools at all levels.
Molecular characterization of a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase enriched in striatum.

Abstract A cDNA clone encoding a neural-specific putative protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48) has been isolated from a rat striatal cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein of approximately 369 amino acids with a strong homology to other members of the family of protein-tyrosine-phosphatases. In vitro translation produces a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa. A potential attachment mechanism to the cytoplasmic membrane is suggested by a myristoylation amino acid-consensus sequence at the N terminus of the protein. RNA analyses of various regions of rat brain reveal a 3-kilobase (kb) and a 4.4-kb mRNA. The 3-kb mRNA is highly enriched within the striatum relative to other brain areas and has been termed a "striatum enriched phosphatase" (STEP). In contrast, the 4.4-kb message is most abundant in the cerebral cortex and rare in the striatum. These two messages appear to be alternatively processed RNA transcripts of a single gene.
The Global Regulatory Architecture of Transcription during the Caulobacter Cell Cycle

Each Caulobacter cell cycle involves differentiation and an asymmetric cell division driven by a cyclical regulatory circuit comprised of four transcription factors (TFs) and a DNA methyltransferase. Using a modified global 5′ RACE protocol, we globally mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) at base-pair resolution, measured their transcription levels at multiple times in the cell cycle, and identified their transcription factor binding sites. Out of 2726 TSSs, 586 were shown to be cell cycle-regulated and we identified 529 binding sites for the cell cycle master regulators. Twenty-three percent of the cell cycle-regulated promoters were found to be under the combinatorial control of two or more of the global regulators. Previously unknown features of the core cell cycle circuit were identified, including 107 antisense TSSs which exhibit cell cycle-control, and 241 genes with multiple TSSs whose transcription levels often exhibited different cell cycle timing. Cumulatively, this study uncovered novel new layers of transcriptional regulation mediating the bacterial cell cycle.
Allee effects in a discrete-time host-parasitoid model

A discrete-time Beverton-Holt stock recruitment model with Allee effects is proposed and studied. Its asymptotic dynamics are then used to investigate a host-parasitoid model with Allee effects occurring in the host population. There exists a population threshold of which initial host population abundance must exceed so that the host population may persist. Both populations are more likely to become extinct when Allee effects are incorporated into this host-parasitoid interaction.
Support vector machines for analog circuit performance representation

The use of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to represent the performance space of analog circuits is explored. In abstract terms, an analog circuit maps a set of input design parameters to a set of performance figures. This function is usually evaluated through simulations and its range defines the feasible performance space of the circuit. In this paper, we directly model performance spaces as mathematical relations. We study approximation approaches based on two-class and one-class SVMs, the latter providing a better tradeoff between accuracy and complexity avoiding "curse of dimensionality" issues with 2-class SVMs. We propose two improvements of the basic one-class SVM performances: conformal mapping and active learning. Finally, we develop an efficient algorithm to compute projections, so that top-down methodologies can be easily supported.
Observation and density dependence of the Raman echo in atomic thallium vapor

Abstract Working on the 6P 1 2 −6P 3 2 transition of atomic thallium vapor, we have observed Raman echoes generated by excitation and probe fields detuned from the 7S 1 2 intermediate state by up to 50 cm-1. This constitutes the first time that echoes, generated by pure two-photon excitation, have been observed in an atomic system. The Raman echo intensity is found to increase roughly as the square of the thallium density at low densities, but at higher densities it peaks and subsequently declines. We suggest that two-photon absorption and loss of phase-matching resulting from excitation-pulse-induced population transfer are important in the high density degradation of the Raman echo signal.
Synthesis of 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate and 4-acetamido-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)oxyl and their use in oxidative reactions

We describe the synthesis of the lesser-known stoichiometric oxidation reagent 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate (1, Bobbitt's salt), as well as of 4-acetamido-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)oxyl (2, AcNH-TEMPO). Several representative oxidation reactions are also presented to demonstrate the salt's oxidative capabilities. Bobbitt's salt has a range of applications, from the oxidation of various alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl derivatives to the oxidative cleavage of benzyl ethers, whereas 2 has been shown to serve as a catalytic or stoichiometric oxidant. The oxyl radical can be obtained in 85% yield over two steps on a 1-mole scale from commercially available 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (5), and is far more cost-effective to prepare in-house than purchase commercially. An additional step converts the oxyl radical into the oxoammonium salt (1, Bobbitt's salt) in 88% yield, with an overall yield of 75%. The synthesis of the salt takes ∼5 d to complete. Oxoammonium salts are metal-free, nontoxic and environmentally friendly oxidants. Preparation of 1 is also inherently 'green', as water can be used as the solvent and the use of environmentally unfriendly materials is minimal. Moreover, after it has been used, the spent oxidant can be recovered and used to regenerate 1, thereby making the process recyclable.
An infrared study of the dissociation of carbon dioxide over supported rhodium catalysts

An infrared study has been performed concerning the possible dissociation of CO2 on supported Rh catalyst films. The data indicate that CO2 does dissociate on Rh/TiO2 and Rh/Al2O3 to form a carbonyl hydride species in accord with the work of Solymosi. This dissociation process is considerably enhanced by the presence of a small amount of hydrogen gas, but will proceed in the absence of hydrogen gas with the assistance of hydrogen migration from the support. Impurity boron also enhances the formation of the carbonyl hydride species, and hence CO2 dissociation, when it is present in the supported Rh films.
Effects of cyclic GMP upon DNA binding by a calf thymus nuclear protein fraction

Summary Proteins extracted from calf thymus nuclei with 2 M NaCl and separated by Bio-Rex 70 column chromatography were analyzed for their ability to bind to cyclic nucleotides and to calf thymus DNA. Several nuclear protein fractions contain both cyclic GMP-binding and DNA-binding activities. One protein fraction binds cyclic GMP with an apparent high affinity, as determined by equilibrium dialysis. At low concentrations (10 −6 M – 10 −9 M) cyclic GMP slightly enhances the ability of proteins in this fraction to bind 125 I-labelled DNA, while at concentrations >10 −5 M the cyclic nucleotide is strongly inhibitory to DNA binding.
Regulation of arterial lesions in mice depends on differential smooth muscle cell migration: A role for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors

The response of mice arteries to injury varies significantly between strains. FVB mice develop large neointimas after injury, whereas very small lesions form in C57BL/6 mice. After injury, platelet interaction with the denuded artery and early smooth muscle (SMC) replication are identical in both strains; however, the migration of SMCs differs significantly. FVB cells readily move into the developing neointima, whereas only the occasional C57BL/6 cells migrate. Injured arteries showed no difference in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and plasminogen activator activities. In vitro, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in combination with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates migration of FVB cells but inhibits migration of C57BL/6 SMCs. Both SMCs migrate equally well to PDGF alone. One explanation is that the SMCs express different S1P receptors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction shows that FVB cells express higher levels of S1P receptor-1 (S1P1) compared with C57BL/6 cells, which express higher levels of S1P receptor-2 (S1P2). In addition, the migration of C57BL/6 cells can be increased by inhibiting S1P2, whereas inhibiting S1P1 expression slows the migration of FVB cells. Taken together these studies suggest that expression of S1P receptors vary within inbred mouse strains and that S1P is critical for SMC migration and lesion formation after injury.
Exploring scalability of FIR filter realizations on Graphics Processing Units

General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) has lately been of great interest due to the release of architectures and software that simplifies programming graphics cards. This study explores how performance scales with FIR digital filters by varying the number of taps and the samples. We also discuss the trade-offs with various techniques for GPGPU programming in CUDA.
Thermochemistry of rare-earth trifluorides I. Fluorine bomb calorimetric determination of the enthalpies of formation of LaF3, PrF3, NdF3, GdF3, DyF3, HoF3, and ErF3

Abstract The energies of combustion of high-purity samples of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, and erbium in fluorine to form the respective trifluorides were measured in a bomb calorimeter. The results obtained for the standard enthalpies of formation, ΔH f o (298.15 K)/kJ mol −1 , are as follows: LaF 3 , −(1699.5 ± 2.0); PrF 3 , −(1689.1 ± 2.6); NdF 3 , −(1679.4 ± 1.9); GdF 3 , −(1699.3 ± 2.3); DyF 3 , −(1692.0 ± 1.9); HoF 3 , −(1697.8 ± 2.3); and ErF 3 , −(1693.6 ± 1.9).
Role of decidual natural killer cells, interleukin-15, and interferon-γ in placental development and preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive, proteinuric disease that affects 5–10% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity/mortality (Soto et al., J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 25: 498–507, 2011). The primary treatment for preeclampsia still is delivery of the fetus and placenta. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. One possibility is inadequate uterine angiogenesis/vascularity (decidualization) at the time of implantation (Torry et al., Am J Reprod Immunol 51: 257–268, 2004). Here, we review evidence for dysregulation of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, which secrete important angiogenic factors during decidualization, as a contributing factor in preeclampsia.
Toxicological studies of southeastern plants.I. Leguminosae

Only four of the 22 species examined in this family displayed toxicity, as tested against chicks and/or mice.
Annual fire and mowing alter biomass, depth distribution, and C and N content of roots and soil in tallgrass prairie

Management practices, such as fire and mowing, can affect the distribution and quality of roots and soil C and N in grasslands. We examined long-term (13 years) effects of annual fire and mowing on fine (<2 mm) roots and soil C and N content in a native tallgrass prairie at Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas, USA. Using 90 cm deep soil cores, we determined that fire and mowing independently and interactively influenced the quantity and depth distribution of fine root biomass, root C and N concentration, and soil C and N content. Annual burning increased total fine root biomass by 48% and total C storage in roots by 47% compared to unburned unmowed plots, and resulted in a deeper distribution of roots. There was a significant interaction of fire and mowing, whereby mowing reduced root biomass and root C storage by ~30% in annually burned plots, but did not affect total root biomass in unburned plots. Mowing also resulted in shallower distribution of roots regardless of fire treatment. Root N concentration was reduced by 15–25% in plots that were burned, mowed, or both. Mowing effects on soil C and N were restricted to surface soils (0–10 cm), where mowing reduced soil C concentrations by ~20% and N concentrations by 17% regardless of burning treatment. In contrast, burning alone did not significantly influence soil C and N concentrations. In general, root biomass, root C and N mass, and soil C and N concentrations declined with depth, and most responses to burning and mowing exhibited significant interactions with depth. Different long-term fire and mowing regimes can significantly alter belowground root biomass and C and N dynamics in grasslands, and in particular at depths in the profile that are not typically sampled.
Adaptive radiation of gall-inducing insects

Summary The adaptive radiation of four taxa of gall-inducing insects is compared: sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), and gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The sawflies, with only three genera but many species per genus, colonized many adaptive zones. Many sibling species have been recently recognized. Such characteristics suggest a dynamic evolutionary state of radiation. Innovations in the substrates used for oviposition by sawflies, probably involving ovipositional accidents, have enabled evolution from free-feeding ancestors into diverse gall types and galling sites – from leaf edge to leaf lamina, leaf midrib, petiole, bud, and stem. Host shifting among species of willows (Salix) has been extensive and opportunistic. The oak gall wasps, like the sawflies, colonized many adaptive zones, in terms of galling sites on the plant and diverse gall types. The gall wasps include large genera, and use a geographically widespread host-plant genus rich in species, with largely opportunistic colonization of new hosts. The gall-inducing aphids on Pistacia in Israel show radiation into many adaptive zones, with different gall types and galling sites on the host plant, even though the radiation is much less extensive than in sawflies and gall wasps. A major limiting factor in this smaller radiation appears to be the low richness of Pistacia species and the host specificity of the galling aphids to this plant genus. The gall midges are similar to the sawflies and gall wasps with many large genera. Their radiation is much greater than in the related fungus-feeding midges, indicating the importance of a rich host flora for insect radiation. The study of adaptive radiation in gall-inducing insect taxa offers many opportunities for comparative studies in evolutionary biology.
Plasma Conditions During the Galaxy 15 Anomaly and the Possibility of ESD from Subsurface Charging (Postprint)

Abstract : We review the fundamentals of spacecraft structure, surface and deep-dielectric charging and investigate the environmental conditions and possible spacecraft interactions at the time of the Galaxy 15 anomaly on April 5, 2010. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) 14 measurements of 30-600 keV electron fluxes associated with an ongoing geomagnetic substorm showed extremely elevated electron temperatures and densities coincidentally peaking near the time when Galaxy 15 exited eclipse. NASCAP-2k is used to model absolute and differential charging effects on a generic satellite similar to Galaxy 15. Tables of electron and proton stopping power are used to calculate deep-dielectric charging from penetrating charged particles prior to the anomaly. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the Galaxy 15 anomaly may have been due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) as a result of surface and/or internal charging and recommend possible design considerations that might mitigate the occurrence of ESD on future spacecraft even under extreme environmental conditions.
Live-Tweeting a Presidential Primary Debate: Exploring New Political Conversations

Twitter offers a function called live-tweeting that allows users to communicate about events with each other in real time. This study examines the use of live-tweeting during a 2012 Republican Primary Debate by examining the 181,780 tweets posted during the nationally televised debate. Live-tweeting offers users an opportunity to engage in public conversation about political events and thus potentially influence the framing of what occurred. Our study examines whether citizens utilize the opportunity to contribute to the political narrative or if elite users dominate political conversations through an analysis of tweets used by both groups. Findings show that there were very few differences between the elite and nonelite social media conversations and that elite users views were spread farther than nonelite views.
Embodied Consciousness in Tantric Yoga and the Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty

Yoga, the ancient inter-religious thread running through all Indian Spirituality, shares a remarkable congruence with twentieth-century phenomenology. But this conjuncture is not based on a common aspiration of "transcendence from the world," as argued by previous comparisons. Instead, by applying the more advanced Existential Phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty to the more indigenous Tantric stream of yoga, it will be shown that this congruence occurs in just the opposite direction of immersion into the very "flesh of the world"—the lived human body as homology of the cosmos. Yoga may offer phenomenology a much-needed somatic contemplative praxis, as much as phenomenology may offer yoga the basis for an appropriate theoretical articulation.
Freeze-spray Deposition of Layered Alumina/Zirconia Composites

Freeze-spray deposition (FSD) method is described for rapid fabrication of layered composites with controlled layer thickness and uniform microstructure. The graded alumina/zirconia composites are fabricated by FSD of ceramic slurries followed by freeze drying. Aqueous slurries with glycerol addition are sprayed on a cooled substrate using an automated 3D gantry system. Processing parameters such as viscosity of the ceramic slurries, composition and thickness of deposited layers as well as sintering conditions are investigated to optimize the fabrication process. Microstructural analysis of the fabricated composites revealed uniform and crack-free transitional layers indicating a strong interfacial bonding between the layers.
EXPANSION, CONTRACTION, AND STRENGTH CHANGES OF SOME CLAYS DURING FIRING*

The objective of these experiments was to determine (1) the linear changes in expansion arid shrinkage during firing, (2) the effect of compressive loading on these changes, and (3) the variations in strength at furnace temperatures during the firing of some typical shales and fire clays used for the manufacture of structural clay product.
Software process and product improvement: an empirical assessment

Abstract Despite all the attention that software process improvement (SPI) practices have received, there is no solid evidence of how extensively they are used across organizations, and their impact on quality, cost, and on-time delivery. The findings of previous studies are based on case studies, often assessing the effectiveness of a particular methodology in a large company. In our attempt to obtain a broader insight into the software process improvement practices, we conducted a survey targeted at software developers in New England. We collected 67 responses and used descriptive statistics to analyze the survey results. In addition, we examined the impact of SPI methodologies on quality factors and compared the impact to the importance of quality factors for software developers. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of correlation between the two.
Evolution of the neutron resonances in A Fe 2 Se 2

Recent experiments on the alkali-intercalated iron selenides have raised questions about the symmetry of the superconducting phase. Random phase approximation calculations of the leading pairing eigenstate for a tight-binding 5-orbital Hubbard-Hund model of $A$Fe${}_{2}$Se${}_{2}$ find that a $d$-wave (${B}_{1g}$) state evolves into an extended ${s}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ (${A}_{1g}$) state as the system is hole-doped. However, over a range of doping these two states are nearly degenerate. Here, we calculate the imaginary part of the magnetic spin susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})$ for these gaps and discuss how the evolution of neutron scattering resonances can distinguish between them.
Spheroidal precipitate motion in a temperature gradient by volume diffusion

Abstract When the Soret effect causes a solute flux in a binary two phase solid, the second phase particles may move. If the motion is limited by either the volume diffusion in the matrix or in the precipitate, all second phase particles move at the same rate. For spherical precipitates, the distribution function is determined for the instance of such a phenomenon. The simultaneous particle migration and coarsening are analyzed and the exact solution is determined in the limit of a small volume fraction of precipitate.
Interleukin 2 stimulates serine phosphorylation of CD45 in CTLL-2.4 cells.

Ligation of interleukin 2 (IL2) is known to regulate both protein tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation. A family of leukocyte transmembrane proteins whose cytoplasmic domain exhibits intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is collectively called CD45 and is identified by a set of common cell surface epitopes. Although CD45 is known to be a phosphoprotein, it is not known how phosphorylation specifically regulates its function. We therefore identified a cell line, the IL 4-dependent line CTLL-2.4, in which CD45 could be phosphorylated in response to addition of IL 2. These cells are a variant of an IL 2-dependent murine cell line which were selected for long-term growth on IL 4 but which retain the ability to proliferate on exposure to IL 2. Incubation of CTLL-2.4 in low serum concentrations followed by stimulation with IL 2 caused a three- to fivefold increase in the phosphorylation of CD45 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. CD45 in non-stimulated cells contained one major tryptic phosphopeptide, whereas, after exposure of the cells to IL 2, two new phosphopeptides were present in CD45. The pattern of IL 2-induced phosphorylation was different from that found following addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to the cells. Although IL 2 induced rapid and potent tyrosine phosphorylation in CTLL-2.4 cells, all of the basal and cytokine-activated phosphorylation of CD45 occurred on serine residues. The IL 2-stimulated phosphorylation caused no change in the amount of cell surface CD45 and no alteration of its catalytic activity using an artificial tyrosine phosphorylated substrate-RCM-lysozyme. We speculate that the increase in phosphorylation of CD45 may modify its association with potential substrates. The differences in the phosphorylation patterns induced by IL 2 and PMA further suggest that more than one kinase can use CD45 as substrate and that IL2 activates a protein serine/threonine kinase different from protein kinase C.
Gold Nano Popcorn Attached SWCNT Hybrid Nanomaterial for Targeted Diagnosis and Photothermal Therapy of Human Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer presents greatest challenge in health care in today’s world. The key to ultimately successful treatment of breast cancer disease is an early and accurate diagnosis. Current breast cancer treatments are often associated with severe side effects. Driven by the need, we report the design of novel hybrid nanomaterial using gold nano popcorn-attached single wall carbon nanotube for targeted diagnosis and selective photothermal treatment. Targeted SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell sensing have been performed in 10 cancer cells/mL level, using surface enhanced Raman scattering of single walls carbon nanotube’s D and G bands. Our data show that S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterial based SERS assay is highly sensitive to targeted human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line and it will be able to distinguish it from other non targeted MDA-MB breast cancer cell line and HaCaT normal skin cell line. Our results also show that 10 min of photothermal therapy treatment by 1.5 W/cm2 power, 785 nm laser is enoug...
Characteristics of First Lactations

Abstract Characteristics of 6,013 first lactations by daughters of 12 Holstein artificial insemination sires were studied with analyses of variance to investigate interactions of sires with approach to age correction and manner of extending voluntary terminated records. The three approaches to age correction were use of old and new Dairy Herd Improvement Association factors and actual records. Voluntary terminated records were projected by the normal factors for records in progress or by special factors designed specifically for voluntary incomplete records. The small age correction by sire interaction indicated that age adjustment has little effect on sire evaluation when many daughters are considered. Age correction reduced the regression of milk yield on age at calving, but there was no significant difference between regressions for the two sets of adjustment factors. The extension factor by sire interaction suggests that voluntarily terminated records should be extended by special factors. These special factors reduced the average projected yield for the voluntary removals 367kg below that from normal factors. The percent removed prior to a dry date was 17.8 of which 82.4% were removed voluntarily. The average ages at calving for these voluntary removals, 27.1 mo, and for the largest subgroup (cull cow), 27.0 mo, were less than the 27.7 mo for nonterminal lactations.
Differentiation of acidophilic thiobacilli by cell density in renografin gradients

Thiobacillus acidophilus andT. ferrooxidans were separated by centrifugation on the basis of their cell density in Renografin gradients. For both species, growth history was the largest factor influencing cell density. Density was greatest forT. acidophilus andT. ferrooxidans grown with tetrathionate, followed byT. acidophilus grown with glucose.T. ferrooxidans grown with ferrous sulfate was the least dense.T. acidophilus was isolated from iron-grownT. ferrooxidans by separation in a Renografin gradient. Plasmid patterns ofT. acidophilus andT. ferrooxidans were used to confirm the separation of the two species in mixed gradients.
Multigeneration study of 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene in rats

Rats were continuously exposed to 0, 25, 100, or 400 ppm 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in the drinking water, beginning with birth of the F0 generation and continuing through weaning of the F2 generation. The treatment did not affect fertility, growth, viability, locomotor activity, or blood chemical analysis. Adrenal gland enlargement was observed in both the F0 and F1 animals at 95 d of age. To further examine the adrenal enlargement found in the reproduction study, an acute toxicity study was undertaken in which immature females were given ip injections of 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg TCB on 3 consecutive days. It was found that TCB had no estrogenic activity and that the livers and adrenals of treated females were significantly larger than those of controls. Rather than being estrogenic, TCB in this treatment regimen resulted in a decrease in uterine weight. These two studies demonstrate that chronic or acute doses of TCB can produce adrenal enlargement in rats.
MO‐D‐BRD‐01: Memorial to Bengt Bjarngard – Memorial Lecture

We lost a legendary medical physicist, Dr. Bengt Erik Bjarngard, to angiosarcoma an aggressive type of cancer. He devoted his life to providing improved methods of radiation treatment for this devastating disease over the last 36 years. Bengt was born in a rural village of Bjarnum in southern Sweden, located near forest and is known for its furniture making. He migrated to USA at the age of 35 and was recruited by Dr. Samuel Hellman to lead a group of physicists that became the “mecca of medical physics” known as the Joint Center of Radiation Therapy (JCRT) at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Bengt mentored some of the best physicists in the country, and many of our modern treatments go back to the early days of research at the JCRT. These accomplishments, dating from 1969–1989, include: dose optimization using computer control; soft wedges; stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS); total-body irradiation (TBI); CT-planning; and radiation dosimetry. Bengt worked at Brown University in Rhode Island and at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where he provided major contributions in radiation dosimetry, specifically with the head scatter model. He advocated superior calculation algorithm through the Helax treatment planning system that was on par from most commercial systems. Bengt served as AAPM president in 1979 and was a recipient of the Coolidge Award in 1998. He had a lifelong love of nature, retiring in 2000 from the University of Pennsylvania to take care of his 200 acres of homestead forest in Maine. His legacy continues through his contributions to radiation dosimetry. This session, on small field dosimetry, is a small tribute to his memory. Further details can be found in his obituary in Med Phy, 41(4), 040801, 2014.
Population dynamics in variable environments. III. Evolutionary dynamics of r-selection

Abstract The boundary dynamics of a genetic model for an age-structured population in a temporally fluctuating environment are analyzed. The condition for invasion by a new allele identifies the logarithmic growth rate a of each life history phenotype as the fitness measure relevant to “ r -selection.” An analytical formula is obtained for fitness a when temporal variance in life history characters is small. This formula reveals the major qualitative and quantitative effects of the average life history, fluctuations, and temporal autocorrelation on fitness. A similar approximation is obtained for the log-variance of population number so that the statistical distribution of population size can be estimated.
Design and performance of the IBM Enterprise System/900 Type 9121 Vector Facility

The design of the IBM Enterprise System/9000™ Type 9121 Vector Facility is described and its performance is evaluated in this paper. The Vector Facility design adheres to the architecture developed for the 3090™ vector facilities. The original design objectives and associated architecture are reviewed. Vector operations and design details are discussed, and specific performance results are shown.
Lithium and Neuroleptics in Combination: Is There Enhancement of Neurotoxicity Leading to Permanent Sequelae?

Neurotoxicity in relation to concomitant administration of lithium and neuroleptic drugs, particularly haloperidol, has been an ongoing issue. This study examined whether use of lithium with neuroleptic drugs enhances neurotoxicity leading to permanent sequelae. The Spontaneous Reporting System database of the United States Food and Drug Administration and extant literature were reviewed for spectrum cases of lithium/neuroleptic neurotoxicity. Groups taking lithium alone (Li), lithium/haloperidol (LiHal) and lithium/ nonhaloperidol neuroleptics (LiNeuro), each paired for recovery and sequelae, were established for 237 cases. Statistical analyses included pairwise comparisons of lithium levels using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum procedure and logistic regression to analyze the relationship between independent variables and development of sequelae. The Li and Li-Neuro groups showed significant statistical differences in median lithium levels between recovery and sequelae pairs, whereas the LiHal pair did not differ significantly. Lithium level was associated with sequelae development overall and within the Li and LiNeuro groups; no such association was evident in the LiHal group. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, lithium level and taking lithium/haloperidol were significant factors in the development of sequelae, with multiple possibly confounding factors (e.g., age, sex) not statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression analyses with neuroleptic dose as five discrete dose ranges or actual dose did not show an association between development of sequelae and dose. Database limitations notwithstanding, the lack of apparent impact of serum lithium level on the development of sequelae in patients treated with haloperidol contrasts notably with results in the Li and LiNeuro groups. These findings may suggest a possible effect of pharmacodynamic factors in lithium/neuroleptic combination therapy.
Urinary tract infection after injection of pseudomonas into bladder

Pseudomonas urinary tract infection was studied in female mice. The bladder was exposed by a lower midline incision and an overnight washed culture of Pseudomonas (0.05 ml.) was injected into the bladder. This resulted in infection of the kidneys in more than 50 per cent of mice at one week. At four hours, the microulceration of the bladder was observed with many Pseudomonas int the base of the ulcer. The presence of acute inflammation on the serosal surface of the bladder, the frequent death of the mice, the presence of cortical foci of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the kidneys, and bacteremia suggested that bacteremia may play a significant role in the development of the renal infection in this model of urinary tract infection. Bacteria injected through the bladder wall of mice cannot be assumed to produce ascending infection of the kidney.
Cocited author mapping as a valid representation of intellectual structure

It is generally assumed that cocitation studies of specialties and fields yield valid representations of intellectual structure. To test the validity of this assumption, 5–6 years aggregate cocitation data for 41 authors in macroeconomics and 49 authors in Drosophila genetics (the genetics of fruit flies) were compared with independent judgments of inter-author similarity collected from 14 macroeconomists and 15 geneticists via a card-sorting technique. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (ALSCAL), and Johnson's “smallest diameter” clustering were used to create two-dimensional cluster-enhanced maps. Congruence between maps of cocitations and similarity judgments was assessed using canonical correlation of the spatial coordinates of points (authors) in each of a given pair of maps. Two significant canonical correlations were found in each test. The majority of clusters appeared in both cocitation and judgment maps. In macroeconomics, differences between maps and clusters represent the influence, on judgments, of individual authors' perceived policy orientation. In Drosophila genetics, major differences arise from a time lag in the incorporation of authors' recent work in the formal literature. Cocited author mapping is a valid representation of the intellectual structure in both macroeconomics and Drosophila genetics. © 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of defects at nanoscale ZnO and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 semiconductor interfaces

Current understanding and control of semiconductor contacts increasingly require measurements sensitive to defects and chemical changes at nanoscale interfaces. We offer examples illustrating dramatic macroscopic effects occurring in semiconductor systems as a result of nanoscale interface phenomena. In some cases, there is interplay of several competing defect-driven mechanisms. Elucidating them and finding the leading ones require careful experimental approach. For single-crystalline ZnO, we study the role of near-surface defects on the formation of Au Schottky contacts. Among the factors degrading the rectifying characteristics of such contacts one should consider the following. High concentrations of shallow donors in the surface and subsurface regions lead to barrier thinning, resulting in increased tunneling. Alternatively, the presence of deep defects near contact interface promotes tunneling by defect-assisted hopping. Nanoscale electronic and chemical studies show that independent reduction of bo...
First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 Infecting Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) and Summer Grape (Vitis aestivalis) in the United States

A study, designed to gain some knowledge of viruses infecting native grapes in the southeastern United States, presently limited to a single paper (4), was initiated in spring of 2012. In the first phase of this investigation, 28 samples of muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) and summer (V. aestivalis) grapes were collected from different locations in Mississippi (MS) and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) and were analyzed for the presence of dsRNAs. A muscadine sample of cv. Burgaw (MS-07) from an experimental field in southern MS and a sample of summer grape from GSMNP (GSM-1) contained similar patterns of multiple dsRNA bands reminiscent of closterovirus infections. These dsRNAs were reverse transcribed and subjected to PCR with taxon-specific degenerate primers targeting HSP70h gene of closterovirids as described (5). DNA bands of ~600 bp, amplified from both samples, were cloned and sequenced. Pairwise comparisons showed that two viruses share 75% common nucleotides (nt) and 82% amino acids ...
Final state distortion effects in autoionization of the 4P52 state of He

Abstract The lifetime of the 1 s 2 s 2 p 4 P 5 2 state of He - is calculated including the effects of distortion to the final state of the atom by the continuum electron. A reduction of the lifetime from 3 × 10 -4 sec to 2.66 × 10 -4 sec is obtained from inclusion of distortion.
Atomic scale desorption through electronic and vibrational excitation mechanisms

The scanning tunneling microscope has been used to desorb hydrogen from hydrogen-terminated silicon (100) surfaces. As a result of control of the dose of incident electrons, a countable number of desorption sites can be created and the yield and cross section are thereby obtained. Two distinct desorption mechanisms are observed: (i) direct electronic excitation of the Si-H bond by field-emitted electrons and (ii) an atomic resolution mechanism that involves multiple-vibrational excitation by tunneling electrons at low applied voltages. This vibrational heating effect offers significant potential for controlling surface reactions involving adsorbed individual atoms and molecules.
SERUM ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS IN THE CALIFORNIA GROUND SQUIRREL

Serum proteins of the California ground squirrel (Spcrmophilus beecheyi) were analyzed by standard electrophoretic methods. Results were presented in terms of total protein, albumin and albumin-globulin (A/G) ratios. Boundaries between globulin fractions were too obscure to warrant analyses of these elements individually.Total protein means differed in squirrels live-trapped at two locations, and live-trapped squirrels had higher total protein levels than squirrels shot. The mean A/G ratios were also significantly different between locations but not between shot and trapped squirrels. Mean total protein and A/G levels in animals with coccidia in the large intestine were the same as from those without coccidia. There was no correlation between adrenal gland weight and total protein or A/G levels.
Ductile faulting, dynamic recrystallization and grain-size-sensitive flow of olivine

Abstract Twiss (1976) has suggested that the “ductile faulting” events observed by Post (1973) during high temperature creep of dunite are due to a transition from creep by dislocation movement to a diffusion accommodated, grain-boundary sliding mechanism following a reduction in grain size by dynamic recrystallization. Similarly, Goetze (1978) has explained both ductile faulting and water weakening of dunite by transition to a “nonlinear Coble” creep mechanism. However, the fundamental assumption made by Twiss (1976) that the stress exponent, n, reduces to unity during ductile faulting events is questionable. If the stress exponent remains high, (n≥3), then a diffusion-accomodated grain-boundary sliding mechanism is excluded. “Nonlinear Coble” creep would remain a viable alternative; however, this model fails to adequately explain the water weakening phenomenon, and the available data do not constrain us to this model. Assuming that the water-weakening phenomenon can be explained by other models (e.g., Blacic, 1972), it will be shown (by analogy with the behavior of metals) that a third model, also consistent with the available data, also qualitatively explains the observations associated with ductile faulting without appeal to a transition in creep mechanisms. The model is similar to one for metals undergoing deformation by dislocation movement and recovery by dynamic recrystallization, which commonly exhibit behavior virtually identical to that observed in dunite during ductile faulting events without transition to grain-size-sensitive creep mechanisms.
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modulation of an inverse temperature transition.

Abstract Poly[15(IPGVG),(RGYSLG)], where RGYSLG is a protein kinase site, was synthesized. On raising the temperature of a 5 mg/ml solution, this polypeptide undergoes an inverse temperature transition at 18°C in which it folds into a contracted state by optimizing intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. Averaging the data of five experiments, phosphorylation by means of a 3′:5′ cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase to the extent of one phosphate in 360 residues raises the temperature of the folding transition to 32°C. The shift is completely reversed on dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase. Phosphorylation is hereby shown to be the most potent chemical perturbation known for shifting the temperature of an inverse temperature transition, which has been shown to be an efficient mechanism for achieving chemomechanical transduction (mechanochemical coupling).