cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of endocrine disrupters on the expression of growth hormone and prolactin mRNA in the rainbow trout pituitary

It is now widely accepted that chemical pollutants in the environment can interfere with the endocrine system of animals, thus affecting development and reproduction. Some of these endocrine disrupters (EDs) can have estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Most studies to date have focused on the effects of EDs on the reproductive system and sex hormones and only limited information exists on how EDs may affect pituitary gland function. A rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary gland culture system was used for studying the effects of EDs on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) mRNA expression. We determined that the pituitary glands actively synthesized and secreted GH and PRL over the experimental time-course. In addition, we found that treatment with 17beta-estradiol (positive control) increased levels of GH and PRL mRNA, in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of pituitary glands with 500 and 1000 nM of a xenoestrogen, o,p'-DDT (o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), resulted in a significant induction of GH and PRL mRNA, with a 20-fold increase for PRL and 3-fold increase for GH following treatment with 1000 nM o,p'-DDT. Co-incubation of pituitary glands with ICI 182 780 (a selective estrogen receptor antagonist) and o,p'-DDT resulted in inhibition of PRL mRNA levels; however, the stimulatory effect of DDT on GH mRNA was not seen in this experiment, nor was the inhibitory effect of ICI 182 780 observed with GH mRNA. To the contrary, ICI 182 780 (2.5 nM) had a stimulatory effect on GH mRNA levels. TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), which is known to exert antiestrogenic effects, had an estrogenic-like effect that resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the levels of GH and PRL mRNA. Co-incubation of pituitaries with TCDD and alpha-napthoflavone (ANF), which is an inhibitor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), caused an inhibition of TCDD-induced PRL mRNA at the higher and lower concentrations, but these effects were less consistent on GH mRNA levels. However, the responses of PRL and GH mRNA to co-incubation with TCDD and ANF, at the various concentrations, were bi-phasic wherein stimulation was seen at the low concentrations and inhibition at the high concentrations. Combined, these results suggest that o,p'-DDT and TCDD are xenoestrogens and that their effects on the expression of GH and PRL genes in the rainbow trout pituitary are modulated, in part, through the ER and AhR, respectively.
Building Transnational Civil Liberties: Transgovernmental Entrepreneurs and the European Data Privacy Directive

Democratic nations have long struggled to set the proper balance between individual freedom and government control. The rise of digital communications networks, market integration, and international terrorism has transformed many national civil liberties issues into important international debates. The European Union was among the first jurisdictions to manage these new transnational civil liberties with the adoption of a data privacy directive in 1995. The directive substantially expanded privacy protection within Europe and had far-reaching consequences internationally. While international relations scholars have paid considerable attention to the global ramifications of these rules, research has not yet explained the origins of the European data privacy directive. Given the resistance from the European Commission, powerful member states, and industry to their introduction, the adoption of supranational rules presents a striking empirical puzzle. This article conducts a structured evaluation of conventional approaches to European integration—liberal intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism—against the historical record and uncovers an alternative driver: transgovernmental actors. These transgovernmental actors are endowed with power resources—expertise, delegated political authority, and network ties—that they employ to promote their regional policy goals. This article uses the historical narrative of the data privacy directive to explain the origins of a critical piece of international civil liberties legislation and to advance a theoretical discussion about the role of transgovernmental actors as policy entrepreneurs within the multilevel structure of the European Union.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, 28–31 August 2003. I would like to thank David Bach, Tim Buthe, Burkard Eberlein, Pat Egan, Henry Farrell, Orfeo Fioretos, Jane Gingrich, Virginia Haufler, Jonah Levy, Kate McNamara, Sophie Meunier, Craig Pollack, Mark Pollack, Elliot Posner, Kathryn Sikkink, Wolfgang Streeck, Steve Weber, Nick Ziegler, and John Zysman for extensive comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy and the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany.
Silicon Nanoparticles as Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents

Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized nuclei provides high image contrast with little or no background signal. To date, in vivo applications of prehyperpolarized materials have been limited by relatively short nuclear spin relaxation times. Here, we investigate silicon nanoparticles as a new type of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent. Nuclear spin relaxation times for a variety of Si nanoparticles are found to be remarkably long, ranging from many minutes to hours at room temperature, allowing hyperpolarized nanoparticles to be transported, administered, and imaged on practical time scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that Si nanoparticles can be surface functionalized using techniques common to other biologically targeted nanoparticle systems. These results suggest that Si nanoparticles can be used as a targetable, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent with a large range of potential applications.
In the mirror of Ghalib: Post-colonial reflections on Indo-Muslim selfhood

This article focuses on studies of the preeminent Urdu and Persian poet Mirza Asadullah Khan ‘Ghalib’ written for the occasion of his death centennial in 1969 by three Pakistani Urdu writers: Mumtaz Husain, Salim Ahmad and N.M. Rashed. These studies also participate in a debate on Pakistani national culture at a moment when the Urdu literary community was increasingly divided, following the 1965 India–Pakistan war and the emergence of a ‘new generation’ of writers on either side of the border. Each author uses Ghalib to articulate a different model of the individual and his relationship to society and tradition, taking up a theme of Indo-Muslim selfhood that has typically been the site of intersection between literary and cultural politics. Through an examination of these works, this article highlights the role played by discussions of Indo-Muslim selfhood in cultural and literary debates in Urdu.
Intervening in evolution: Ethics and actions

Biologists should help to guide a process of cultural evolution in which society determines how much effort, if any, is ethically required to preserve options in biological evolution. Evolutionists, conservation biologists, and ecologists should be doing more research to determine actions that would best help to avoid foreclosing evolutionary options.
Selection of Aspergillus flavus isolates for biological control of aflatoxins in corn

The fungus Aspergillus flavus is responsible for producing carcinogenic mycotoxins, the aflatoxins, on corn (maize) and other crops. An additional harmful toxin, cyclopiazonic acid, is produced by some isolates of A. flavus. Several A. flavus strains that do not produce one or both of these mycotoxins are being used in biological control to competitively exclude the toxin-producing strains from the agroecosystem, particularly from seeds, grain and other marketable commodities. Three well-studied non-aflatoxigenic strains, including two that are commercially available, have been compared in side-by-side field trials. The results of that study, together with a growing understanding of A. flavus ecology and new genetic insights, are guiding the selection of biocontrol strains and influencing crop management decisions for safe and sustainable production.
Analysis of a wireless MAC protocol with client-server traffic

An efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for use in a single cell of a wireless local area network (LAN) is analyzed. A fixed frame structure with two periods is used, one period for making reservations using a slotted Aloha protocol and a second period for data transmission. The MAC protocol operates in a centralized manner in which a single station, the base station, accepts reservations (transmission or data requests) that are made by the remote stations, and then schedules the times in which they will transmit or receive data. Two different types of client-server traffic models, open loop and closed loop, are considered. Exact results are derived for the mean throughput and waiting times as well as for the queue length distributions. Several types of behavior are illustrated by numerical examples. >
Heterokaryon-Incompatibility Factor Interaction in Tests between Neurospora Mutants

Studies on presumably isogenic ad-3A and ad-3B mutants of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa derived from the same wild-type strain have revealed that the negative heterokaryon tests shown by certain pairwise combinations can be attributed to interaction of incompatibility factor mutations.
Primary amenorrhea in a young adult with sickle cell disease: a case report and brief literature review on adolescent reproductive health and sickle cell disease.

Primary Amenorrhea in a Young Adult with Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review on Adolescent Reproductive Health and Sickle Cell Disease Teresa M. Erb, MD, Kelly Gerschultz, MD, Melanie A. Gold, DO, and Joseph S. Sanfilippo, MD, MBA Magee Women’s Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
In situ growth of LiFePO4 nanorod arrays under hydrothermal condition

Abstract A novel in situ combinatorial method has been developed to fabricate LiFePO4 nanorod arrays, during which anodized alumina oxide (AAO) was employed as the template and ethylene glycol/water medium is used to ensure mass transportation rates of different chemicals to match each other. The samples were then characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). After being hydrothermally processed at 160 °C, the highly-crystallized LiFePO4 arrays were directly obtained, which are composed of single crystal nanorods with a diameter of 200 nm and a length of 3 μm. The reported synthesis is simple, mild and energy-efficient. A noteworthy advantage over conventional sol–gel–template methods is the elimination of high-temperature annealing.
Synthesis and swelling characterizations of a poly(gamma‐glutamic acid) hydrogel

Natural, biosynthesized poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) was crosslinked using dihalogenoalkanes yielding hydrogels with various features. Crosslinking reactions of the polymer and swelling of the hydrogels were studied. Various reaction parameters, like temperature and catalyst content, were adjusted to give highest yields in the network production. Swelling of the hydrogels showed dramatic changes when varying experimental conditions such as the molecular weight of γ-PGA, the nature and concentration of the crosslinker, and the solution used for the swelling (ionic strength, pH). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self-tuning generalized predictive control for switched capacitor damping of power system oscillations

A description is given of a method of switched-capacitor control for damping of low-frequency power system oscillations. A form of self-tuning generalized predictive control with discrete constraints placed on the control signal is used. The control is calculated on the basis only of local network information. Simulation results are shown for a nonlinear model for a nine-bus power system. >
Myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction: insights from body surface ECG mapping and implications for invasive evaluation of chronic chest pain.

Aims Coronary endothelial dysfunction (ED), by predisposing to abnormal vasomotion, may cause chest pain in individuals with non-obstructed coronary arteries. The aim of this study was to correlate the magnitude of coronary ED with the presence and extent of inducible myocardial ischaemia using body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) mapping in symptomatic patients. Methods and results In 30 patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries or mild atherosclerosis, we studied endothelium-dependent responses with acetylcholine (ACH) and endothelium-independent function with nitroglycerin and adenosine in the left anterior descending artery. Eighty-lead body surface ECG maps were collected at baseline and after each dose of ACH. There was a significant correlation between the maximal change in epicardial diameter with ACH and the magnitude of ST-segment shift [ r = −0.44 (95% CI: −0.097 to −0.69), P = 0.015]. Patients with ≥0.05 mV ST-segment shift/lead had greater epicardial vasoconstriction (31.6 vs. 15.6%, P = 0.019), and lower coronary flow reserve (2.9 vs. 3.6, P = 0.047) compared with those with ST-segment shift 20% decrease in diameter or <50% increase in blood flow). Conclusions This study demonstrates that abnormal vasomotion due to coronary ED is associated with myocardial ischaemia in patients with chest pain. The magnitude of ischaemia correlates with the extent of ED. A small subset of patients develop myocardial ischaemia during ACH infusion without significant abnormalities in epicardial or global microvascular endothelium-dependent blood flow responses.
A Distinct Role for Norepinephrine in Memory Retrieval

Abstract A role for norepinephrine in learning and memory has been elusive and controversial. A longstanding hypothesis states that the adrenergic nervous system mediates enhanced memory consolidation of emotional events. We tested this hypothesis in several learning tasks using mutant mice conditionally lacking norepinephrine and epinephrine, as well as control mice and rats treated with adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. We find that adrenergic signaling is critical for the retrieval of intermediate-term contextual and spatial memories, but is not necessary for the retrieval or consolidation of emotional memories in general. The role of norepinephrine in retrieval requires signaling through the β 1 -adrenergic receptor in the hippocampus. The results demonstrate that mechanisms of memory retrieval can vary over time and can be different from those required for acquisition or consolidation. These findings may be relevant to symptoms in several neuropsychiatric disorders as well as the treatment of cardiac failure with β blockers.
The employment of school diagnosticians in michigan

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the current status of, and administrator attitudes toward, the employment of school diagnosticians in Michigan. To this end, in the Spring of 1963, a brief questionnaire was sent to all superintendents of Michigan school systems of over 5,000 pupil population. Replies were received from all school systems but two. The superintendents, or their representatives, reported that there were 14 doctoral level and 92 masters level diagnosticians serving them. Certification records indicated that six additional persons were employed by the school systems that did not return the questionnaire. This yields a total of 112 persons who are serving as full-time employees of local school systems. This does not include the school diagnosticians employed by county boards of education or jointly employed by two or more smaller systems. There are 95 such persons. The employment of a diagnostician by a given school system is, of course, contingent upon the availability of a certifiable person; but, in general, it is even more contingent upon that system's receiving State reimbursement for that individual's salary. Excluding the city of Detroit, which could theoretically qualify for 33 additional diagnosticians, in 1963 there were 10 Michigan school systems that were understaffed; that is, there were 10 school systems that could legitimately retain fulltime diagnosticians and still receive State reimbursement. The 10 understaffed systems had a total of 15 vacancies. Only seven of the understaffed systems, however, indicated a desire to hire additional personnel. 1Based on a report to the State Advisory Committee on the Training of School Diagnosticians. ~The State of Michigan uses the term school diagnostician for the position of psychological examiner or psychometrician. Although some persons prefer the title school psychologist, that term is more appropriately reserved for persons with more extensive training. At present, however, there is no State certification for the upper level of school psychologist.
Changes in regional fat redistribution and the effects of estrogen during spontaneous weight gain in women with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Anorexia nervosa is a disease of severe acquired undernutrition with a high and increasing prevalence among young women in the United States. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of spontaneous outpatient weight recovery and estrogen administration on fat distribution in patients with anorexia nervosa. Design: Twenty-seven amenorrheic women aged 26.6 ± 1.2 y with anorexia nervosa were identified through an outpatient study of bone loss and were randomly assigned to receive or not receive estrogen without any dietary intervention other than calcium and multivitamin supplements. Body composition was measured at baseline and at 6 and 9 mo and was compared with cross-sectional values obtained in 20 healthy, eumenorrheic, age-matched (25.4 ± 0.5 y) control subjects. Results: Twenty of the 27 patients with anorexia aged 27.0 ± 1.3 y spontaneously gained weight (4.1 ± 0.9 kg); body mass index (in kg/m 2 ) increased from 16.1 ± 0.3 to 17.5 ± 0.4. Fat mass and lean mass accounted for 68% and 32% of the gain in total body mass, respectively. With spontaneous weight gain, there was a significant increase in the percentage of trunk fat from 32.4 ± 1.3% at baseline to 36.5 ± 1.0% at 9 mo (P = 0.03), which correlated with urinary free cortisol (r = 0.66, P = 0.003). Estrogen treatment was not protective against the gain in trunk fat with spontaneous weight gain. Conclusions: In women with anorexia nervosa, spontaneous weight gain is associated with a significant increase in trunk adiposity, and estrogen administration may not protect against the accumulation of central fat with weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:865-9.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Based Analysis of an Ammonia Borane (AB) Reactor System for Hydrogen Storage

Research on ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) has shown it to be a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage in PEM fuel cell applications. AB was selected by DOE’s Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (HSECoE) as the initial chemical hydride of study because of its high hydrogen storage capacity (up to 19.6% by weight for the release of three molar equivalents of hydrogen gas) and its stability under typical ambient conditions. A model of a bead reactor system which includes feed and product tanks, hot and cold augers, a ballast tank/reactor, a H2 burner and a radiator was developed to study AB system performance in an automotive application and estimate the energy, mass, and volume requirements for this off-board regenerable hydrogen storage material. Preliminary system simulation results for a start-up case and for a transient drive cycle indicate appropriate trends in the reactor system dynamics. A new controller was developed and validated in simulation for a couple of H2 demand cases.
Magnetic hardening from the suppression of domain walls by nonmagnetic particles

Magnetic domain switching and hysteresis loops in a single crystal α-iron with and without nonmagnetic particles were simulated based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics. Both the nonmagnetic particle and the 360° domain wall are nucleation sites of an antidirection domain during domain switching; however, the 360° Bloch domain wall is the easiest nucleation site. The nucleation occurs by splitting the 360° Bloch domain wall into two 180° Bloch domain walls. The existence of nonmagnetic particles could prevent the formation of 360° Bloch domain walls and cause magnetic hardening. Simulations demonstrate the impact of nonmagnetic particle sizes on magnetic domain switching and coercive field.
The Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories and the Concepts of International Responsibility for Colonial Administration

Following the adoption of the United Nations Charter, the title “Declaration,” which was given to Chapter XI, gave rise to divergence of views among United Nations Members. They disagreed with regard to its precise meaning and to the nature of the “obligations” contained therein. They also disagreed as to whether the discharge of “obligations” voluntarily undertaken required international supervision, especially when the Charter made no provision for a machinery for such supervision.
Greater Minneapolis-St. Paul: Building on a Diversified Base

Since the 1970s, the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan region (MSP) had outpaced the nation in job creation and income per capita. MSP's diversified base of industry clusters had enabled the region to adapt to economic downturns and an exodus of major corporate headquarters, earning it the accolade "Minnesota Miracle." Starting in 2003, however, MSP lagged the rest of the U.S. in job ceation (see Exhibit 1). Alarmed business and civic leaders coalesced around a loose-knit group that congregated annually as the Itasca Project. In 2009 these leaders launched the Itasca Jobs Task Force, and its 2010 report set in motion a series of actions by groups of CEOs and politicians aimed at reversing these trends by creating jobs in all sectors of the economy. In the fall of 2011, however, it was unclear whether these efforts would achieve their intended results (see exhibit 2), or whether longer-term corrective actions in education and skills training would need to take hold first.
Structural Modeling of Local Anesthetic Binding to the Pore-Domain of Human Nav1.5 in Open and Closed States using Rosetta

Mutations in voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel isoforms are correlated with a wide range of cardiovascular and neurological diseases in humans, and are therefore are important targets for the rational design of novel drugs. The cardiac isoform of the Nav channel, Nav1.5, presents a unique target for the development of antiarrhythmic drugs. In this work, we identify key structural motifs for local anesthetic binding in the pore-domain of the open and closed states of the human Nav1.5 channel. The Rosetta structural modeling method was used to construct models of human Nav1.5 isoform based on the 3D crystal structures of bacterial Nav channels: NavRh (closed state) and NavMs (open state). The resulting lowest free-energy models were selected for local anesthetic docking simulations. Rosetta loop modeling and global relaxation of 10,000 models yielded a convergent motif in the selectivity filter region of a stabilizing hydrogen bond network between Tryptophan and Threonine pairs. A membrane-facing fenestration near the S6 helix of domain IV and the S5 helix of domain III was also structurally conserved, and is a proposed site of neutral drug entry. Docking simulations of the channel blocker, lidocaine, reveal key protein-ligand binding configurations within the pore. Our preliminary models of the human Nav1.5 channel in the open and closed states reveal highly conserved structural motifs important for both stabilization of the pore domain, as well as for drug entry and binding. Future work will use structural models of drug interaction with human Nav1.5 as a dynamic testing platform for the calculation of the kinetics of drug binding and unbinding.
Sensation seeking and dosage effect: An exploration of the role of surprise in anti-cocaine messages

This article examines emotional and cognitive responses to graphic illustrations of the effects of cocaine among a sample of low and high sensation seekers (LSS & HSS). Two-hundred-and-five (n = 205) undergraduate students at a large northern university in the United Kingdom participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: low-image or high-image print adverts about the consequences of cocaine use. Results indicated that although high sensation seekers report greater cocaine use as compared with low sensation seekers, report less surprise and have less dominant cognitions than LSS, they do not differ from LSS in terms of other affective responses when exposed to anti-cocaine visual messages. However, the high-image advert was more successful than the low-image adverts in eliciting surprise, which has important theoretical and empirical implications for the design of effective messages targeting HSS.
Fenfluramine Add-On Therapy of Dravet Syndrome

Researchers at Antwerp University Hospital and University of Leuven, Belgium report 12 patients, 7 female and 5 male, age range 3-35 years, with a genetically proven diagnosis of Dravet syndrome who received fenfluramine (mean dose 0.34 (0.12-0.90) mg/kg/day) as add-on therapy.
Exploring chlamydia positivity among females on college campuses, 2008–2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Describe chlamydia positivity among young women tested at college health centers by student characteristics: age, race/ethnicity, and institution type. Participants: During 2008–2010, colleges participating in a national infertility prevention program provided chlamydia testing data from females aged 18–24. Methods: Chlamydia positivity (number of positive tests divided by the number tested) among females stratified by college type (4-year versus 2-year and minority serving institutes [MSIs]) was determined. Results: Chlamydia testing data were provided by 148 colleges: 37 (26%) MSIs and 21 (15%) 2-year colleges. Of the 118,946 chlamydia tests, 6.5% were positive. Chlamydia positivity in females at 4-year colleges was 6.6% versus 5.3% at 2-year colleges (p = .0001). Positivity at MSIs was almost double of that at non-MSIs, 10.0% versus 5.4% (p = .0001). Conclusions: Chlamydia positivity may be higher among college females than previously thought. Higher positivity at MSIs suggests that ...
EXAMINATION OF BASAL NEUROENDOCRINE LEVELS IN OIF/OEF/OND VETERANS

EXAMINATION OF BASAL NEUROENDOCRINE LEVELS IN OIF/OEF/OND VETERANS By Sage E. Hawn, B.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015. Major Director: Ananda B. Amstadter, PhD. Associate Professor Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Human and Molecular Genetics High rates of combat exposure exist among veterans of the recent conflicts, and are associated with debilitating mental health conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Numerous psychosocial and biologic factors are associated with PTSD, including the HPA-axis. The present study aimed to compare baseline neuroendocrine levels by trauma group (PTSD, trauma exposed [TE], and non-trauma controls [NTC]) among a sample of young veterans. An exploratory aim was to examine potential moderators of the relation between PTSD and basal cortisol/ACTH. Group differences in cortisol were nominally significant, with the NTC group having significantly higher cortisol than the PTSD group. Sleep disturbance was the only moderator of this relationship in cortisol, although lifetime trauma load significantly predicted basal cortisol across all models. No significant effects were demonstrated for ACTH. Examining effects of trauma on basal physiology provides a critical stepping ground for future investigations that may inform targeted prevention and intervention efforts.
Stressful experience and cardiorespiratory disorders

Ever since Selye's time, the belief has persisted that the outcome of stressful experience is disease. The likelihood of this eventuality is increased when the experience is damaging, unavoidable, or uncontrollable. However, in most stressful instances, these conditions do not occur. The experience either is overcome or produces disturbances in physiological functions without structural change. The prevalence of "functional" disorders are far more common in medical practice than is disease. Among the most interesting of these is the hyperventilation syndrome, which may mimic or be confused with ischemic heart disease. Its symptomatology and physiology are complex. The syndrome may produce coronary vasospasm, but it may also complicate ischemic heart disease. It is even believed that chronic hyperventilation may be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Stressful experience consisting of various tasks and challenges may also produce myocardial perfusion deficits in ischemic heart disease, presumably secondary to vasospasm. These deficits are in turn considerably more frequent in any one patient than ST segment changes in the electrocardiogram or the incidence of angina pectoris. Vasospasm is in turn related to cardiac arrhythmias, which may occur with ischemic heart disease during a variety of stressful experiences and during outbursts of anger. Finally, the role of stressful experience in inciting ischemic heart disease and its complications remains moot.
Aortic atresia and aortico–left ventricular tunnel: Successful surgical management by Konno aortoventriculoplasty in a neonate

A newborn infant with aortic atresia and aortico-left ventricular tunnel was successfully treated by Konno aortoventriculoplasty. A 15 mm Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft was inserted when the patient was 5 days old and it was replaced with a 19 mm St. Jude Medical prosthesis at 2 years of age.
Monarchy, privilege and revolution: the problem and setting

On 24 May 1667, Louis XIV's armies entered Walloon Flanders, and Lille's inhabitants, subjects of the Spanish Habsburgs, began to prepare for a siege. The municipal magistrates hurried to secure provisions for the town, while the confraternity of St. Jacques met to say masses in honor of their namesake, the patron saint of Spain. As the conquerors approached, Lille filled with frightened peasants seeking refuge within the city's walls. On 10 August, the city was surrounded, and by the next day Lille's bourgeoisie was in arms. Five days later, as French soldiers tried to batter down the gate at Fives, the city's inhabitants held a solemn procession to celebrate the assumption of the Virgin and to implore the city's patron saint, Notre Dame de la Treille, for aid. Three thousand people with torches marched in front of priests carrying the Blessed Sacrament, while the governor, the magistrates of the town council, and the governor's court followed en corps . Wherever the procession passed, nothing could be heard but the sound of drums, the fanfare of trumpets, and the peal of carillons and bells. When the procession reached the marketplace, a company of armed bourgeois stood ready. As soon as the Blessed Sacrament passed by, they fired their muskets into the air, and at the same time “a huge standard or banner was put at the very top of the Tower of Saint Estienne, with the Cross of Burgundy in the middle to tell the enemies that we still had Spanish and Burgundian hearts and not French, and that the besieged were all ready to die for their king … rather than to become slaves under the laws of another.”
Mechanisms of Melanoma Promotion by Ultraviolet Radiation

The mutagenic properties of ultraviolet radiation drive the initiation of melanoma. Induction of matrix metalloproteinases in melanoma cells by longwave UVA radiation, possibly via a Warburg-like effect, promotes melanoma invasiveness. This is one of several mechanisms by which ultraviolet radiation also promotes further growth of previously established melanomas.
Progression of motor neuron disease is accelerated and the ability to recover is compromised with advanced age in rNLS8 mice.

In order to treat progressive paralysis in ALS patients, it is critical to develop a mouse that closely models human ALS in both pathology and also in the timing of these events. We have recently generated new TDP-43 bigenic mice (called rNLS8) with doxycycline (Dox)-suppressible expression of human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) harboring a defective nuclear localization signal (hTDP-43∆NLS) under the control of the NEFH promoter. Our previous studies characterized the pathology and disease course in young rNLS8 mice following induction of neuronal hTDP-43ΔNLS. We now seek to examine if the order and timing of pathologic events are changed in aged mice. We found that the expression of hTDP-43∆NLS in 12+ month old mice did not accelerate the appearance of neuromuscular abnormalities or motor neuron (MN) death in the lumbar spinal cord (SC), though disease progression was accelerated. However, following suppression of the transgene, important differences between young and aged rNLS8 mice emerged in functional motor recovery. We found that recovery was incomplete in aged mice relative to their younger treatment matched counterparts based on gross behavioral measures and physiological recordings from the animals’ gastrocnemius (GC) muscles, despite muscle reinnervation by surviving MNs. This is likely because the reinnervation most often only resulted in partial nerve and endplate connections and the muscle’s junctional folds were much more disorganized in aged rNLS8 mice. We believe that these studies will be an important basis for the future design and evaluation of therapies designed to slow denervation and promote re-innervation in adult ALS patients.
“The Lord Your God is God of Gods and Lord of Lords”: Is Monotheism a Political Problem in the Hebrew Bible?

Erik Peterson's famous monograph on “Monotheism as a Political Problem” argued that some pre-Cappadocian Christian theology was at risk of correlating too closely the universal rule of God and the apparently universal rule of Caesar. Peterson claimed that Cappadocian trinitarian theology and Augustinian eschatology ruled out such dangerous political-theological analogies for future Christian thought, thereby undermining the type of political theology that engaged Carl Schmitt. Peterson overlooked key resources for his argument, however, by neglecting the development of monotheism in the Hebrew Bible. Israelite religion, in fact, does not exhibit a correlation between monotheism and theological legitimation of political order, but the reverse. “Political theology” in the Hebrew Bible begins to fade precisely as a more transcendent and universal monotheism emerges in the biblical literature of the exilic and post-exilic periods. This implies that Peterson was mistaken to claim monotheism itself as the prima...
Derepression of SaPIbov1 Is Independent of φNM1 Type 2 dUTPase Activity and Is Inhibited by dUTP and dUMP.

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen able to transfer virulence genes to other cells through the mobilization of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). SaPIs are derepressed and packaged into phage-like transducing particles by helper phages like 80α or φNM1. Phages 80α and φNM1 encode structurally distinct dUTPases, Dut80α (type 1) and DutNM1 (type 2). Both dUTPases can interact with the SaPIbov1 Stl master repressor, leading to derepression and mobilization. That two structurally distinct dUTPases bind the same repressor led us to speculate that dUTPase activity may be important to the derepression process. In type 1 dUTPases, Stl binding is inhibited by dUTP. The purpose of this study was to assess the involvement of dUTP binding and dUTPase activity in derepression by DutNM1. DutNM1 activity mutants were created and tested for dUTPase activity using a novel NMR-based assay. We found that all DutNM1 null activity mutants interacted with the SaPIbov1 Stl C-terminal domain, formed DutNM1–Stl heterodimers, and caused the release of the Pstr promoter. However, promoter release was inhibited in the presence of dUTP or dUMP. We tested two φNM1 mutant phages that had null enzyme activity and found that they could still mobilize SaPIbov1. These results show that only the apo form of DutNM1 is active in Stl derepression and that dUTPase activity is not necessary for the mobilization of SaPIbov1 by DutNM1.
The formation of calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate compounds: Part II

Abstract The formation of ettringite (3CaO • Al2O3 • 3CaSO4 • 32H2O) and monosulfate (3CaO • Al2O3 • CaSO4 • 12H2O) from tricalcium aluminate (3CaO • Al2O3), gypsum (CaSO4 • 2H2O), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were investigated by isothermal calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses. Tricalcium aluminate/gypsum mixtures with a molar ratio of 1:1 sulfate-to-aluminate were hydrated at constant temperatures from 30 to 90°C in deionized water and in 200 and 500 mM of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. Hydration in deionized water produced ettringite and monosulfate as the dominant crystalline phases, regardless of temperature. Complex assemblages of phases formed in 200 and 500 mM of sodium hydroxide; these included ettringite, monosulfate, and U-phase, at all temperatures. Calorimetry and X-ray diffraction data indicated that U-phase formation becomes the dominant reaction as sodium hydroxide concentrations increase. U-phase is the only AFm phase observed after hydration in 1.0 M of NaOH. The data also indicated that the presence of sodium cations promotes AFm formation.
The effects of familial acculturative stress and hopelessness on suicidal ideation by immigration status among college students

Objectives Based on acculturative family distancing theory, we examined whether familial acculturative stress interacted with hopelessness to predict suicidal ideation differentially among emerging adult immigrant versus nonimmigrant college students. Participants We recruited 152 generationally and racially/ethnically diverse college students (42 immigrants) from 2012 to 2013. Methods Participants completed measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, ethnic identity, familial acculturative stress, and suicidal ideation. Results Immigrant status interacted with hopelessness and familial acculturative stress. Hopelessness was associated with less suicidal ideation among immigrants than among nonimmigrants at a familial acculturative stress score below the 11th percentile, but greater suicidal ideation among immigrants than among nonimmigrants at a familial acculturative stress score above the 72nd percentile. Conclusions Familial acculturative stress may exacerbate the effect of hopelessness on suicidal ideation among immigrant college students, and should be monitored during suicide risk assessment and treatment.
The posterior-anterior flexed view is better than the anterior-posterior view for assessing osteoarthritis of the knee.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the posterior–anterior (PA)-flexed view improves the radiographic assessment of patients with knee pain compared with the standard standing anterior–posterior radiograph. Three hundred and sixty-five patients with knee pain underwent anterior–posterior (AP), PA flexed, lateral, and Merchant radiographs of the knee. Knees were grouped as mild (Kellgren and Lawrence [K-L] 1–2) or severe (K-L 3–4) osteoarthritis (OA) and either varus (medial compartment), valgus (lateral compartment), or patellofemoral OA. In knees with mild valgus OA on AP view (K–L 1–2), the PA flexed view was more sensitive than the AP view. The measured lateral minimal joint space width (minJSW) decreased more than 2 mm in 68% of the patients, resulting in an increase in K–L grade (3 or 4). In patients with severe valgus OA and in all patients with varus and patellofemoral OA, there was no difference between AP and PA flexed view with regard to radiographic measurements or KL grade. Based on the Medicare reimbursement rate using the PA flexed view alone instead of both views reduced imaging costs by 47%. The PA flexed view better classifies the severity of lateral compartment disease in patients with mild valgus OA and provides comparable diagnostic sensitivity for joint space narrowing in varus- and patellofemoral OA. Using the PA flexed view alone was more cost effective than using the combination of AP and PA flexed imaging.
Resource rents, universal basic income, and poverty among Alaska’s Indigenous peoples

Abstract The Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD) program provides universal basic income (UBI) to all residents from investment earnings of a state sovereign wealth fund created from oil rents. This paper evaluates the effect of the PFD to mitigate poverty among the state’s rural Indigenous (Alaska Native) peoples: a population with historically high poverty rates living in a region with limited economic opportunities. Errors in recording PFD income in data used to calculate official poverty statistics cause them to misrepresent poverty in Alaska and understate the effect of the PFD. Estimating poverty rates with and without PFD income therefore requires reconstruction of family incomes from household-level data. Estimated poverty rates from reconstructed income show that the PFD has had a substantial, although diminishing mitigating effect on poverty for rural Indigenous families. The PFD has had a larger effect on poverty among children and elders than for the rural Alaska Native population as a whole. Alaska Native seniors, who receive additional sources of UBI derived primarily from resource rents besides the PFD, have seen a decline in poverty rates, while poverty rates for children have increased. Evidence has not appeared for commonly hypothesized potential adverse social and economic consequences of UBI.
Effects of Herbicide and Time of Application on Pampas Grass Grown in Containers

Abstract Two experiments evaluated the effects of preemergence herbicides on pampas grass [Cortaderia selloana (Schult. and Schult. f.) Asch. and Graebn.] growth. Herbicides were applied 1, 15, or 30 days after potting (DAP) from 36-cell packs into 3.8 liter (#1) containers. Ronstar (oxadiazon) applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate caused little or no injury when applied 1 or 15 DAP. Factor 65 WG (prodiamine) applied 1 DAP suppressed root growth compared to control plants; however, when applied 15 or 30 DAP root ratings of Factor treated plants were similar to control plants 60 and 75 DAP. Plant height at 90 DAP was about 10% greater when the herbicide application was delayed 30 DAP, compared to plants treated 1 DAP. In experiment 2, plant height and root ratings were greater when herbicides were applied 30 DAP than when applied 1 DAP. Pendulum 2G (pendimethalin), Pendulum 60 WDG (pendimethalin), and Factor 65 WG (prodiamine) suppressed root growth in the upper 5.1 cm (2 in) and lower 10.2 (4 in)...
The truth within: a history of inwardness in Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism

Let me begin with the obvious. Gavin Flood’s The Truth Within: A History of Inwardness in Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism is a splendid achievement. It is yet one more instance of Flood’s many...
Neutralizing the Effect of Political Worldviews by Communicating Scientific Agreement: A Thought-Listing Study:

Messages emphasizing scientific agreement are increasingly used to communicate politically polarizing issues. Proponents argue that these messages neutralize the effect of people’s political worldv...
Physiologically Structured Population Models in Risk Assessment

Perturbations of population structure due to toxic chemical exposure are studied by employing a mathematical model. The risk assessment scheme is composed of an individual model, an exposure model, and a population model. The differential equation model of an individual has components chosen by chemical affinity to organism phase and is based upon energy budget principles. These individual dynamics are integrated into a population model of McKendrick-von Foerster type. The exposure model is employed to determine concentration of toxicant in the individual organism. Individual mortality is assessed by employing LD-50 bioassays; then, effects on the population are determined from the perturbed population model.
The Specificity of Colored Lenses as Visual Aids in Retinal Disease.

This study of the effects of lenses of different colors on the visual abilities and comfort of 20 patients with retinal disease found that in home trials, orange, yellow, and light neutral-density ...
A Note on a Non-Linear Theory on Bending of Orthotropic Sandwich Plates

The derivation of a non-linear theory on bending of orthotropic sandwich plates is carried out by the principle of complementary energy from elasticity. The governing differential equations and natural boundary conditions are obtained. The assumptions used are, namely, the facings are orthotropic thin elastic plates with negligible bending rigidities and are made of the same material; the orthotropic core can take the transverse shear only; and the transverse shortening of the core may be ignored. The geometrical non-linearities are equivalent to von Karman’s theory for single-layered plates. Through the introduction of a “shear function”, the number of differential equations is reduced to three and the equations are in rather simple form. It appears that the equations obtained here would require, comparatively, the least amount of work for analysing the finite deflection sandwich plate problems having a wide range of properties of practical interest.
The Determination of Total Beta-Amylase in Barley and Barley Malt

(1940). The Determination of Total Beta-Amylase in Barley and Barley Malt. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 1, Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting 1940, pp. 49-62.
Simultaneous Control of Interlayer Exchange Coupling and the Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in Ru-Based Synthetic Antiferromagnets

We present a Ru-based synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) made with asymmetric ferromagnetic building blocks (Pt/Co/Ir or Ir/Co/Pt) to couple their interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) with strong interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). This combination may lead to new types of antiferromagnetic domain walls (DWs), which are conceptually presented in this letter. These include an energetically frustrated configuration and an “isolated” spin chain where a net magnetization exists only at the DW. While most SAF designs incorporate a Co/Ru/Co IEC layer, chiral SAFs require Pt and/or Ir at the Ru/Co interface. In all cases except Pt/Ru/Pt, a significant IEC field is preserved over a range of Ru thicknesses, with the largest occurring for Ir/Ru/Ir. These results demonstrate that ferromagnetic film stacks with purportedly strong DMI can be incorporated into SAFs without compromising IEC.
Stochastic Optimization of Cellulosic Biofuel Supply Chain Incorporating Feedstock Yield Uncertainty

Abstract The global goal to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has resulted in research focused on environment friendly and socio-economically sustainable renewable energy sources. However, commercial production of bio-energy is constrained by biomass supply uncertainty and associated costs. This study presents an integrated approach to determining the optimal biofuel supply chain considering biomass yield uncertainty. A two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming is utilized to minimize the expected system cost while incorporating yield uncertainty in the strategic level decisions related to biomass production and biorefinery investment. Applicability of the stochastic model is illustrated through a case study of switchgrass-based biofuel in west Tennessee.