cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Modernized Approach to Managing the Risks in Cross-Border Capital Movements

This paper outlines a "modern" approach to managing risks in cross-border capital movements that is consistent with an environment of increased and liberalized capital flows. Key elements of this approach include: a consistent monetary and exchange rate policy mix to avoid incentives for volatile capital flows; prudential management of the specific risks in capital flows; supporting financial sector reforms; and appropriate sequencing of liberalization. The approach can reduce the potential size of the shocks associated with capital movements and increase the resilience of the financial system to such shocks; overtime, it is expected to reduce the need for capital controls.
Online Learning: Does It Help Low-Income and Underprepared Students?

Advocates of online learning are optimistic about its potential to promote greater access to college by reducing the cost and time of commuting and, in the case of asynchronous approaches, by allowing students to study on a schedule that is optimal for them. This goal of improved access has been one of the top motivators for postsecondary institutions to expand their distance education offerings, which has in turn helped drive a strong increase in online course enrollments over the last decade. A series of technologybased classroom initiatives has also attracted strong attention from postsecondary educators. The enthusiasm surrounding these and other innovative, technology-based programs has led educators to ask whether the continuing expansion of online learning could be leveraged to increase the academic access, progression, and success of lowincome and underprepared college students. This paper examines the literature for evidence regarding the impact of online learning on these populations. First, a research review strongly suggests that online coursework—at least as it is currently and typically implemented—may hinder progression for low-income and underprepared students. Second, the paper explores why students might struggle in these courses, discusses current access barriers to online education, and offers suggestions on how public policy and institutional practice could be changed to allow online learning to better meet its potential for these students.
Book review: Weingärtner, T. (2013). Comedy-Boom in Japan: Performative und mediale Rahmung von Humor in der aktuellen Populärkultur. Munich: Iudicium. 430 pp.

Book review: Weingartner, T. (2013). Comedy-Boom in Japan: Performative und mediale Rahmung von Humor in der aktuellen Popularkultur [Framing of humour through performance and medium in current popular culture.] Munich: Iudicium. 430 pp.
Variation of stream temperature among mesoscale habitats within stream reaches: southern Appalachians

Stream mesoscale habitats have systematic topographic relationships to hyporheic flow patterns, which may create predictable temperature variation between mesoscale habitat types. We investigated whether systematic differences in temperature metrics occurred between mesoscale habitats within reaches of small streams tributary to the upper Little Tennessee River, southern Appalachians. Surface water temperature was recorded over three or four mid-summer days in four mesoscale habitat types: riffle, main riffle, pool and alcove in 44 stream segments (sites). Temperature metrics were calculated for each mesoscale habitat relative to the mean value of the metric over the stream: Δ maximum temperature, Δ average maximum temperature and Δ maximum daily variation and also for each site: standard deviation of the maximum temperature and average diurnal variation (ADV). Sites were categorized as fully or partially forested. Pool tailouts had statistically significantly lower Δ maximum temperature and Δ average maximum temperature than riffle tailouts in partially forested sites, although differences were small. This was the opposite of what was expected in the presence of hyporheic exchange, indicating hyporheic exchange is not a dominant driver of mesoscale habitat temperatures at these sites. Temperature differences between mesoscale habitat units were small and unlikely to have ecological significance. We also evaluated relationships between stream temperature and riparian condition, watershed % impervious surfaces, watershed % non-forested and elevation. ADV and standard deviation of the maximum temperature were significantly higher in partially forested sites, indicating that partially forested sites have greater temperature ranges and spatial variation of maximum temperatures. ADV decreased with elevation and increased with % impervious surfaces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Service Providers at LGBTQ-Affirming Community Agencies on Their Perceptions of Training Needs and Barriers to Service

Service providers (N = 109) at lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ)-affirming social service agencies were surveyed on their perceived training needs, experiences, and barriers to service access experienced by their clients. Hierarchical regression analysis identified that training experiences significantly influenced self-perceived competence, controlling for agency-related factors including the extent of perceived barriers to service. Findings are discussed with implications for training, practice, and future research.
pH-Dependent configurations of a 5-chlorouracil-guanine base pair.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from activated neutrophils at sites of inflammation can react with and damage biological molecules, including nucleic acids. The reaction of HOCl with cytosine analogues can generate multiple products, including 5-chlorouracil (ClU). In this paper, we have constructed oligonucleotides containing ClU paired opposite guanine (ClU-G). Melting studies indicate that oligonucleotide duplexes containing the ClU-G mispair are substantially less stable than those containing a ClU-A base pair. The melting temperature of the ClU-G mispair is not experimentally distinguishable from that of a T-G pair. NMR studies indicate that the ClU-G base pair adopts a wobble geometry at neutral pH, similar to a T-G mispair. The exchangeable protons of the ClU-G mispair broaden rapidly with an increase in temperature, indicating that the ClU-G mispair is less stable and opens more easily than the surrounding adjacent base pairs. Unlike the ClU-A base pair studied previously [Theruvathu, J. A., et al. (2009...
BODY ELIMINATION ATTITUDE AND OCCUPATION

16 food service personnel and 20 bank employees scored significantly higher (indicating greater disgust) on the Templer, King, Brooner, and Corgiat 1984 Body Elimination Attitude Scale than 46 nursing personnel and 15 sewage workers.
Many-body-theory study of lithium photoionization

A detailed theoretical calculation is carried out for the photoionization of lithium at low energies within the framework of Brueckner-Goldstone perturbational approach. In this calculation extensive use is made of the recently developed multiple-basis-set technique. Through this technique all second-order perturbation terms, plus a number of important classes of terms to infinite order, have been taken into account. Analysis of the results enables one to resolve the discrepancies between two previous works on this subject. The detailed calculation also serves as a test on the convergence of the many-body perturbation-expansion approach.
Navigation via H-field signature map correlation and INS integration

There is a great need to develop alternative sensors for vehicular navigation when GPS is not available. While the use of active on-board radars for SLAM and beacon navigation is an ongoing area of research, there are many situations where non-emitting sensors are desirable for navigation. This paper presents a highly available, passive-only navigation solution via longtime correlation of the static H-field against previously recorded magnetic field maps. Our solution is a two step process. In step one, we build a map of the magnetic field in the local area and calibrate the data to account for ferrous materials in the car and extrinsic alignment errors. In step two, we use the magnetic field map to position a vehicle in real-time without GPS, using passive-only sensors. Our solution is first developed theoretically and then validated experimentally in a road test. The road test is performed using a navigation platform consisting of a magnetometer, an INS, and a GPS receiver rigidly fixed to a ground vehicle. The vehicle is driven on a set of roads in the Athens, OH area, recording 3-axis magnetic field strengths, inertial data and GPS positions. This data is then processed in order to construct the magnetic field map in the local region. The car is then driven again on the same set of roads collecting measurements from the INS and the magnetometer. Using a particle filter, the INS and magnetometer measurements are combined with the magnetic field map to compute a position solution of the vehicle over time. The vehicle's navigation solution is then compared to the integrated truth solution using GPS to determine the error of the navigation solution. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of a robust, velocity-aided, static magnetic field/INS-based navigation solution.
Optimality of Balanced Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Data Reconstruction

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) finds an orthonormal basis yielding an optimal reconstruction of a given dataset. We consider an optimal data reconstruction problem for two general datasets related to balanced POD, which is an algorithm for balanced truncation model reduction for linear systems. We consider balanced POD outside of the linear systems framework, and prove that it solves the optimal data reconstruction problem. The theoretical result is illustrated with an example.
NG2‐positive cells generate A2B5‐positive oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Cellular specification of the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs through a series of stages identified by expression of distinct biochemical characteristics. The best characterized oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) in vitro is the bipotential O2-A progenitor, identified by labeling with monoclonal antibody A2B5, which proliferates predominantly in response to platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). The cellular ancestors of O2-A progenitor cells are currently unclear. In vivo OPCs can be identified by expression of the cell surface markers NG2 (a sulfated proteoglycan) and platelet derived growth factor receptor alphaR). Substantial evidence supports the generation of oligodendrocytes from NG2(+), PDGFalphaR(+) cells both in vivo and in vitro. The developmental relationship between NG2(+) cells and A2B5(-) positive cells is unknown and it is unclear whether they represent identical, partially overlapping or nonoverlapping populations of cells. Here we show that in cultures of developing brain NG2(+) and A2B5(+) cells arise from overlapping cell populations. NG2(+) cells appear prior to the expression of A2B5(+) cells and generate A2B5(+) cells. We propose that during development NG2(+)/A2B5(-) cells (pre-OPCs) represent the direct ancestor to A2B5(+) O2A progenitor cells (OPCs).
Transits in Multiple Planet Systems

Surveys for transiting extrasolar planets, including the space-based missions CoRoT and Kepler, are expected to detect hundreds of Jovian mass planets and tens of terrestrial mass planets. For many of these newly discovered planets, the intervals between successive transits will be measured with an accuracy of a few seconds. These timing measurements allow for the detection of additional planets in the system (not necessarily transiting), via their gravitational interaction with the transiting planet. The transit time variations depend on the mass of the additional planet, and in some cases Earth-mass planets will produce a measurable effect. When two or more planets transit the same star, the densities of the planets can be estimated from the photometry alone. I will review recent developments related to transits in multiple planet systems.
The possibilities for glassy clusters: (KCl)32

The (KCl)32 cluster is used as a model system to study the possibilities for clusters to exhibit amorphous or glassy solid forms. The problem has two aspects: first, whether the potential surface of the cluster supports a myriad of locally stable, disordered structures, the ensemble of which would constitute the glassy state, and second, whether an ensemble of amorphous clusters can be prepared under laboratory conditions. Molecular dynamics studies give an emphaticyes to the first issue, and an equally emphaticno to the second, for cooling rates up to 1012 K/s, a thousand-fold faster than the fastest rates yet reported. However, if the long-range Coulomb interaction of the ions is replaced by a shielded Coulomb (Debye or Yukawa) potential, the secondary minima are sufficiently stabilized and the saddles, sufficiently high, that disordered equilibrium structures can be reached by cooling at fast, but still conceivably attainable rates. The implication is that while alkali halide clusters probably cannot form glasses, binary clusters with shorter-range forces, such as those of II–VI and III–V compounds, probably can form glasses. The highly disordered structures of (KCl)32 are perhaps the most disordered forms yet seen for solid matter.
Maximizing the stereochemical diversity of spiro-ladder oligomers.

We introduce all stereoisomers of a bis-amino acid building block derived from trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline. This small library of monomers allows arbitrary stereochemical configuration at any chiral center within our spiro-ladder oligomers. Three tetramer oligomers containing several combinations of the monomers 1−4 were synthesized; we explored the effect of monomer sequence on scaffold conformation by NMR.
Group note-taking in a large lecture class

Large introductory-level classes provide a cost-efficient approach for universities to serve many students at once, but also present several challenges to learning (e.g., poor visual angles). In addition, more students with declared, undeclared, or undiagnosed learning disabilities are entering the college and university systems. In the spirit of universal design, we created a group note-taking system in our large introductory computer science course to increase interaction amongst students, promote good note-taking strategies, and provide study resources to all students while also fulfilling the role of accommodating for students with learning disabilities. We show that the section of the course taught with our intervention performed significantly better on their final examination compared to a course taught without the intervention. We report that students enjoyed increased interactions with their peers, and that one third of the class self-reported an increase in their note-taking skills. Furthermore, our intervention only required minimal cost to the institution, and no financial cost to students, and is easily implemented in any size class.
Neuroendocrine parameters in the rat exposed to 60-Hz electric fields.

This study was designed to assess the neuroendocrine response of male Long-Evans rats to sustained or intermittent 60-Hz electric fields when exposed for 1 or 3 h at 100 kV/m. No significant differences were noted in corticosterone, prolactin, or thyrotropin levels between exposed and sham-exposed rats. A statistically significant increase (P less than .01) in growth hormone was noted in rats exposed to intermittent electric fields for 3 h. Emphasis was placed on good experimental design and the need to avoid standard laboratory stressors (excessive handling, temperature extremes, transportation, noise, etc.) known to be present in many biomedical studies. The importance of avoiding reactions due to extraneous factors in experiments predicated on investigating physiological function in relation to electric field exposure is discussed.
Subcellular localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance X in molluscan ganglia

Abstract 1. 1. Density gradient fractions of Mercenaria ganglia homogenate with high relative specific activities of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and also containing some Susbtance X (a potent cardioexcitor) were examined under the electron microscope. 2. 2. An attempt was made to correlate the occurence of the different types of small particles observed in different fractions with the relative specific activities of 5-HT and Substance X, in order to determine the types of particles with which the substance are normally associated. 3. 3. Results indicated that Substance X is associated with “uniformly granulated vesicles” of 1000–3000 A dia. 4. 4. 5-HT is probably not associated with electron dense-cored particles (1000–2000 A dia). The precise subcellular localization of 5-HT in molluscan nervous tissues is briefly discussed in the light of observations made.
Phylogeny of the Neotropical killifish family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Phylogenetic relationships of 70 taxa representing 68 species of the Neotropical killifish family Rivulidae were derived from analysis of 1516 nucleotides sampled from four different segments of the mitochondrial genome: 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I, and cytochrome b. The basal bifurcation of Cynolebiatinae and Rivulinae (Costa, 1990a,b) is supported; however, Terranatos, Maratecoara, and Plesiolebias are rivulins, not cynolebiatins. These three genera, along with the other recognized annual rivulin genera, form a monophyletic clade. Austrofundulus, Rachovia, Renova, Terranatos, and 3 species of the genus Pterolebias, all from northeastern South America, form a monophyletic clade excluding other species of Pterolebias. Pterolebias as presently understood is clearly polyphyletic. Trigonectes and Moema are supported as sister groups but do not form a monophyletic group with the genera Neofundulus and Renova as previously proposed. The suite of adaptations necessary for an annual life history has clearly been lost several times in the course of rivulid evolution. Also revealed is a considerable increase in substitution rate in most annual lineages relative to the nonannual Rivulus species. The widespread and speciose genus Rivulus is paraphyletic, representing both basal and terminal clades within the Rivulidae. Previous hypotheses regarding the vicariant origin of Greater Antillean Rivulus species are supported. Most rivulid clades show considerable endemism; thus, detailed analysis of rivulid phylogeny and distribution will contribute robust hypotheses to the clarification of Neotropical biogeography.
Postoperative ICU Management of Vascular Surgery Patients

Critical care management of vascular surgical patients poses significant challenges owing to patients' comorbidities and the magnitude of the surgical procedures. The primary goals of the anesthesiologist and intensivist are reestablishing preoperative homeostasis, optimizing hemodynamics until return of normal organ function, and managing postoperative complications promptly and effectively. Postoperative critical care management demands a detailed knowledge of the various vascular surgical procedures and the potential postoperative complications. In this review, the authors describe the postoperative complications related to the major specific vascular surgical procedures and their perioperative management.
Home Visiting Programs for Families with Children Birth to Three: Results of a National Survey

This article presents the data from a national swvey of 643 home uisiting programs exclusively serving families with children ages birth to 3. Private and public programs affiliated with health, ed...
Leading from the Middle of the Organization: An Examination of Shared Leadership in Academic Libraries

Shared leadership theory recognizes leader influence throughout the organization, not just from the top down. This study explores how middle managers from 22 academic libraries in the Pacific West perceive their own agreement, participation and recognition of shared leadership. This survey and framework is the first to examine the extent shared leadership exists in academic libraries.
Repository of sensor data for autonomous driving research

We describe a project to collect and disseminate sensor data for autonomous mobility research. Our goals are to provide data of known accuracy and precision to researchers and developers to enable algorithms to be developed using realistically difficult sensory data. This enables quantitative comparisons of algorithms by running them on the same data, allows groups that lack equipment to participate in mobility research, and speeds technology transfer by providing industry with metrics for comparing algorithm performance. Data are collected using the NIST High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), an instrumented vehicle that can be driven manually or autonomously both on roads and off. The vehicle can mount multiple sensors and provides highly accurate position and orientation information as data are collected. The sensors on the HMMWV include an imaging ladar, a color camera, color stereo, and inertial navigation (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Also available are a high-resolution scanning ladar, a line-scan ladar, and a multi-camera panoramic sensor. The sensors are characterized by collecting data from calibrated courses containing known objects. For some of the data, ground truth will be collected from site surveys. Access to the data is through a web-based query interface. Additional information stored with the sensor data includes navigation and timing data, sensor to vehicle coordinate transformations for each sensor, and sensor calibration information. Several sets of data have already been collected and the web query interface has been developed. Data collection is an ongoing process, and where appropriate, NIST will work with other groups to collect data for specific applications using third-party sensors.
Consequences of a modified putative substrate-activation site on catalysis by yeast pyruvate decarboxylase.

Earlier, it had been proposed in the laboratories at Halle that a cysteine residue is responsible for the hysteretic substrate activation behavior of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. More recently, this idea has received support in a series of studies from Rutgers with the identification of residue C221 as the site where substrate is bound to transmit the information to H92, to E91, to W412, and finally to the active center thiamin diphosphate. According to steady-state kinetic assays, the C221A/C222A variant is no longer subject to substrate activation yet is still a well-functioning enzyme. Several further experiments are reported on this variant: (1) The variant exhibits lag phases in the product formation progress curves, which can be attributed to a unimolecular step in the pre-steady-state stage of catalysis. (2) The rate of exchange with solvent deuterium of the thiamin diphosphate C2H atom is slowed by a factor of 2 compared to the wild-type enzyme, suggesting that the reduced activity that results ...
Multiphonon relaxation rates from delayed laser emission in Nd-YAG crystals

Delayed laser emission from a ND‐YAG oscillator pumped by a 532‐nm 50‐ns pulse is interpreted in terms of multiphonon relaxation from the pumped levels to the upper laser level. The relaxation rate constant, (1.6±0.2)×106 s−1, is in good agreement with previous results obtained from the fluorescence rise time.
Effects of simultaneous communication in a child-directed treatment approach with preschoolers with severe disabilities

The purpose of this study was to determine if signed and/or spoken symbols could be successfully trained in a child-oriented treatment approach with five preschoolers with various disabilities. The influence of this treatment on several parameters of linguistic and sociocommunicative ability was measured in an ABAB withdrawal design. Although unique subject patterns emerged, results indicated that overall: (a) the child-directed treatment setting provided an effective context in which to train signed and/or spoken symbols; (b) both linguistic and sociocommunicative aspects of the subjects' language development were positively influenced during the treatment. A determination of how each of the major treatment components (i.e., child-led orientation and simultaneous input) individually affected subject performance remains for future investigation.
Mortality From Six Work-Related Cancers Among African Americans and Latinos

Background: Ethnic minorities have been omitted from many occupational health studies, despite their substantial contributions to the labor force and documented cases of high exposures in some settings. To describe the occurrence of potentially work-related cancers among African American and Latino Workers, we conducted an epidemiologic study based on death certificate data. Methods: Data were obtained from 21 states during 1985-1992. Directly adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and standardized mortality rate ratios (SRRs) for ages 20-64 years were computed for cancers of the lung, nasal cavity, pleura, and peritoneum, malignant melanoma and leukemia using the mortality data and population counts from the 1990 census. Results: Proportionate mortality was generally low for both groups, but African Americans had higher than expected mortality rates for leukemia and cancers of the lung, nasal cavity, and peritoneum. Industry-specific analyses indicate excess leukemia among African American men in the rubber industry (PMR 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-3.35), Latino men in textile (PMR 2.31, 95% CI 0.81-5.13) and wood industries (PMR 2.03, 95% CI0. 81-5.13), and Latino women in the chemical industry (PMR 2.18, 95% CI 0.59-8.10), among other findings. Excess cancer of the pleura and peritoneum was observed among workers with a variety of usual occupations, consistent with widespread exposure to asbestos. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of surveillance data bases for generating basic epidemiologic information on historically neglected workers. Leads about specific workplace exposure can be followed up in more detailed studies.
Evaluation of Urinary Catheterization and Urinary Incontinence in a General Nursing Home Population

The medical records of 412 residents of three southeastern Massachusetts nursing homes were reviewed to examine the frequency and medical management of urinary incontinence and the indications for chronic urinary catheterization. The mean age of the patients was 84.1 years. In this study 9.7% of the patients were managed with a urinary catheter, while an indication for catheterization was recorded in the medical records of only 27.5% of these patients. Half of the noncatheterized nursing home patients were transiently or permanently incontinent of urine, but were not catheterized. Incontinent patients without catheters were more likely to require assistance in toileting (75.5 v 26.1%) or to have bacteriuria (60.1 v 26.1%) than continent patients. Despite the frequency of urinary incontinence, this problem was included in the medical problem list of less than 5% of the incontinent nursing home patients. The authors conclude that urinary incontinence is a frequent medical problem in the nursing home population, but it is rarely recorded and evaluated as a medical problem. Furthermore, indications for urinary catheterization frequently are also not recorded. An explanation for this practice was not determined, but possibilities include a lack of physician knowledge of the evaluation and management of incontinence and a nonaggressive approach to such patients, given their other medical problems.
The Alchoholic Patient in the Nursing Home

There are indications that more alcoholics are being placed in nursing homes than ever before. To determine in what ways these patients differ from others going to nursing homes, all alcoholics (72) placed from hospital to nursing homes were studied prior to placement and followed 6 months in 35 homes. Seventy-one nonalco-holics placed during the same period were randomly selected for comparison. Hospital disability ratings from physicians, evaluations from social workers, and diagnostic data from records indicated no significant differences in levels of disability or impairment. Alcoholics were less likely to be currently married and had less income. Although they were younger, they had a significantly higher number of diagnoses than other nursing home patients (P< .01); however, with the exception of cirrhosis and brain syndrome, they had fewer serious illnesses such as cancer and diabetes. Outcome after 6 months showed 28 percent left the nursing home, 45 percent were still in the home, 10 percent were...
Clinically Significant Uterine Synechiae Caused by Transmural Uterine Incisions

The presence of clinically significant uterine synechiae, or Asherman's syndrome, is suspected when patients with a history of intrauterine instrumentation have new-onset menstrual disturbances, infertility, or recurrent pregnancy loss. Synechiae are typically attributed to instrumentation of a gravid or puerperal uterus. We present two cases in which uterine synechiae resulted from transmural uterine incisions. Hysteroscopic resection of adhesions bridging the anterior and posterior endometrial surfaces restored intrauterine anatomy. However, reproductive potential was still compromised. These cases highlight the need for increased vigilance to avoid iatrogenic intrauterine synechiae during repair of transmural uterine incisions. (J GYNECOL SURG21:95)
Characterization of mouse flavin-containing monooxygenase transcript levels in lung and liver, and activity of expressed isoforms

Abstract The significance of active versus inactive flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2) for human drug and xenobiotic metabolism and sensitivity is unknown, but the underlying ethnic polymorphism is well documented. We used quantitative real-time PCR to measure message levels of Fmo1 , Fmo2 , Fmo3 and Fmo5 in lung and liver from eight strains of 8 week old female mice to determine if a strain could be identified that predominately expressed Fmo2 in lung, recapitulating the human FMO expression profile and being the ideal strain for Fmo2 knockout studies. We also characterized enzyme activity of baculovirus expressed mouse Fmo1, Fmo2 and Fmo3 to identify a substrate or incubation conditions capable of discriminating Fmo2 from Fmo mixtures. Fmo transcript expression patterns were similar for all strains. In lung, 59% of total FMO message was Fmo2 , but Fmo1 levels were also high, averaging 34%, whereas Fmo3 and Fmo5 levels were 2 and 5%, respectively. In liver, Fmo1 , Fmo2 , Fmo3 and Fmo5 contributed 16, 1, 7 and 76% respectively, of detected message. Peak activity varied by isoform and was pH- and substrate-dependent. Fmo3 oxidation of methyl p -tolyl sulfide was negligible at pH 9.5, but Fmo3 oxidation of methimazole was comparable to Fmo1 and Fmo2. Heating microsomes at 50 °C for 10 min eliminated most Fmo1 and Fmo3 activity, while 94% of Fmo2 activity remained. Measurement of activity in heated and unheated lung and liver microsomes verified relative transcript abundance. Our results show that dual Fmo1/2 knockouts will be required to model the human lung FMO profile.
Intracisternal A-Particles in Transplantable Murine Teratomas

Summary Intracisternal A-particles occur in experimental transplantable murine teratomas OTT 2466 and OTT 6050 derived from embryos of the A/He and 129/Sv strains respectively. They are present in stem cells of both tumors and in the more differentiated cell types in OTT 6050, consisting of primitive endodermal cells, cells of neuroepithelial rosettes, neuroblasts, primitive glial cells and respiratory epithelial cells. Both parent strains, A/He and 129/Sv, also contain these particles.
Biologic determinants of bone formation for osseointegration: Clues for future clinical improvements

Abstract Statement of problem. Further improvement in and expansion of the application of dental implants requires control and improvement of bone mass for implant support. Purpose. Although osseointegration involves both the formation and the maintenance of bone at implant surfaces, the aim of this article is to identify cellular and molecular determinants of bone formation that may be used in clinical attempts to enhance or expand the application of endosseous implants for dental and craniofacial prosthetics. Methods. A review of bone biology and dental and orthopedic implant literature was performed using Medline and published monographs. Results. This spectrum of information indicates that molecular and cellular approaches to creating and maintaining bone mass may be used to expand the application of dental implants and to improve dental implant success in bone-deficient sites. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:439-49.)
Condom Use and its Association With Bacterial Vaginosis and Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Vaginal Microflora

Previous studies have been inconsistent with regard to whether condom use is associated with bacterial vaginosis. We evaluated this association using case-crossover analyses. A total of 871 women at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases were followed for a median of 3 years. At baseline and at 6 12 24 and 36 months thereafter vaginal swabs were obtained for gram stain diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis culture of microflora and DNA amplification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Case-crossover analyses using incident and recurrent incident case periods were used to assess the associations among condom use bacterial vaginosis and vaginal microflora. Consistent condom use (10 out of 10 sexual encounters) was associated with a decreased frequency of bacterial vaginosis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.55 [95% confidence interval 0.35-0.88]). When we excluded women with intermediate flora consistent condom use was even more strongly protective against bacterial vaginosis (0.37 [0.20-0.70]). Consistent condom use was similarly protective against carriage of anaerobic gram-negative pigmented rods (0.58 [0.36-0.94]). Results were similar when analyses were repeated to capture only first occurrences of outcomes among women without bacterial vaginosis at baseline suggesting a protective effect against the acquisition of bacterial vaginosis. Consistent condom use was associated with a decrease in the risk for bacterial vaginosis and associated vaginal microflora. (authors)
Chlorophyll synthesis in chlorella I. Occurrence of a lag phase on initiation of a dilute culture.

A culture of Chlorella established by 30-fold dilution of a culture already grown to a level of 15 ml packed cell volume per liter produces little chlorophyll for approximately 12 hours. Investigation of other characteristics such as nitrogen incorporation, increase in packed cell volume and dry weight as well as RNA level show all of these to increase without any significant lag. α-Linolenate, which can be considered as a chloroplast marker, increased markedly. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiration as well as the heme enzyme, catalase, increase also, indicating that the lag in chlorophyll synthesis is not due to a general inability to produce the porphyrin moiety. The lag period was demonstrated not to be related to a deficiency of culture elements nor to inhibitors produced. Neither was there a need for a conditioning period of the medium. It is concluded that the lag in chlorophyll synthesis is unique and that the reasons for it are related to the response of the cells to environmental conditions following dilution.
The infant with transposition of the great arteries. I. Cardiac catheterization protocol.

Abstract A cardiac catheterization protocol for the newborn infant with transposition of the great arteries should eliminate duplicated steps and should enable the performance of a rapidly executed, yet efficient, initial diagnostic cardiac catheterization and balloon atrial septostomy. Important areas of consideration include regulation of body temperature, adequate exposure of the femoral vein, the site of catheter insertion, as well as the various diagnostic facets of the cardiac catheterization which will greatly influence the future management of the patient.
Design Concepts of a Transient Signal Recorder for Operation in Pulsed Ionizing Radiation

The feasibility of a recorder for measuring transient radiation effects, and which is radiation hardened so that it minimizes ionizing effects on the instrumentation itself, has been investigated by designing, fabricating, and testing a 10 channel analog sampling recorder which samples an input signal of ± 6 mA at 100 MHz sampling rate for 100 ns period. The instantaneous sample values are stored as magnetic flux in successive thin magnetic films of a channel. Upon non-destructive readout of the thin films, a time amplitude reconstruction of the input signal is made to within ± 15% of full scale. The system shows radiation hardness in excess of 1010 r/sec, except for the interface amplifier which is hard to 5 × 109 r/sec.
Contribution of the HEDJ/ERdj3 cysteine-rich domain to substrate interactions

Cytoplasmic type I DnaJ/Hsp40 chaperones contain a Cys-rich domain consisting of four CXXCXG motifs that are in a reduced state and coordinate zinc, stabilizing the intervening sequence in a loop structure. However, the Cys-rich region of the endoplasmic reticulum localized HEDJ (ERdj3/ERj3p), is considerably different in sequence and arrangement. Unlike the typical type I molecule, the HEDJ CXC, and CXXC motifs were demonstrated in this study to be predominantly oxidized in intramolecular disulfide bonds. In the native state, HEDJ bound to immobilized, denatured thyroglobulin. Unlike its binding partner GRP78, redox conditions affected the interaction of HEDJ with substrate. Substitution of the Cys-rich domain cysteine residues with serine diminished or abolished HEDJ binding in the in vitro assay. These findings suggest that the Cys-rich region of HEDJ and its oxidation state are important in maintaining the substrate interaction domain in a binding-competent conformation.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms impact the emotional experience of intimacy during couple discussions.

Abstract We examined the impact of PTSD symptom severity on emotional reactions to one's own and one's partner's intimacy behaviors. Heterosexual, community couples in which at least one partner reported elevated symptoms of PTSD were video-recorded discussing a relationship problem and self-reported their emotions immediately before and after the discussion. Each partner's intimacy behaviors were coded. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models indicate that, among those with greater PTSD symptom severity, partners’ caring, understanding, and validation were associated with increased negative emotions, particularly fear. Among those with greater PTSD severity, provision of caring was associated with decreased anger, guilt, and sadness. Therefore, the receipt of intimacy was associated with increased negative emotions among individuals with elevated PTSD symptoms while provision of intimacy was associated with decreased negative emotions. Existing treatments for PTSD should consider the emotional context of provision and receipt of intimacy to more fully address relationship problems among couples dealing with PTSD.
Comparison of Human Memory CD8 T Cell Responses to Adenoviral Early and Late Proteins in Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

Treatment of invasive adenovirus (Ad) disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients with capsid protein hexon-specific donor T cells is under investigation. We propose that cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) targeted to the late protein hexon may be inefficient in vivo because the early Ad protein E3-19K downregulates HLA class I antigens in infected cells. In this study, CD8+ T cells targeted to highly conserved HLA A2-restricted epitopes from the early regulatory protein DNA polymerase (P-977) and late protein hexon (H-892) were compared in peripheral blood (PB) and tonsils of naturally infected adults. In tonsils, epitope-specific pentamers detected a significantly higher frequency of P-977+CD8+ T cells compared to H-892+CD8+ T cells; this trend was reversed in PB. Tonsil epitope-specific CD8+ T cells expressed IFN-γ and IL-2 but not perforin or TNF-α, whereas PB T cells were positive for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and perforin. Tonsil epitope-specific T cells expressed lymphoid homing marker CCR7 and exhibited lower levels of the activation marker CD25 but higher proliferative potential than PB T cells. Finally, in parallel with the kinetics of mRNA expression, P-977-specific CTLs lysed targets as early as 8 hrs post infection. In contrast, H-892-specific CTLs did not kill unless infected fibroblasts were pretreated with IFN-γ to up regulate HLA class I antigens, and cytotoxicity was delayed until 16–24 hours. These data show that, in contrast to hexon CTLs, central memory type DNA polymerase CTLs dominate the lymphoid compartment and kill fibroblasts earlier after infection without requiring exogenous IFN-γ. Thus, use of CTLs targeted to both early and late Ad proteins may improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for life-threatening Ad disease in SCT recipients.
Hemans by the Book

Evidence of nineteenth‐century reading practices offers us another way to think about the sentimental, conventional Hemans, typically dismissed in current critical discussions as a nineteenth‐century distortion. With “The Image in Lava” as a point of departure, this essay focuses on marginalia in two copies of Hemans's collected works, published in America at mid‐century, where mothers have used her poetry to confront their deaths of their own children. These books become places of collaborative appropriation, and also memorial sites, as Ellen Pierrepont Minor (1828–1879) and Charlotte Cocke Gordon (1818–1884) mark their volumes to register loss. The essay hypothesizes that the popularity of much nineteenth‐century verse was predicated on its adaptability to readers' emotional lives, enacted via recitation, annotation, and other practices of investment. This suggests that nineteenth‐century book history can help us rethink not only Hemans, but the place of the conventional in aesthetic experience and the ...
DISSECTING RAPID ESTROGEN SIGNALING WITH CONJUGATES

Hypothesizing that rapid estrogen signaling could be modulated from different estrogen receptors with unique localization patterns, a number of groups have attempted to design drug conjugates that target or restrict compounds to specific subcellular compartments. This article will briefly discuss the history of using conjugates to dissect rapid estrogen signaling and different strategies to attempt to target estrogens and antiestrogens to different locations. It will also detail some of the potential issues that can arise with different types of conjugates, using examples drawn from the authors’ own work.
THE MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF SUMATRA, INDONESIA1

ABSTRACT Complex and dynamic changes since 1942 within Sumatra, Indonesia, have dated pre-World War II analyses of its regional attributes. Current dominant spatial characteristics of Sumatra can best be comprehended within a system of twelve major regions. These regions, based on one or more of the relatively homogeneous kabupaten, second level administrative units, vary widely: in size of population and number of cultural groups included; degree of urbanization; complexity and rate of change in economic activities; physical character; or intensity of associations with other areas. Interior Atjeh and Southwestern Sumatra are populous and economically developed. Recent dynamic alterations in Mainland Riau and Lampung, as well as in western upland areas, provide evidence that former regional attributes have only limited correlation with present elements or those basic to future regional evolution.
Affine Spheres and Kähler-Einstein Metrics

In this note, we introduce a straightforward correspondence between some natural affine Kahler metrics on convex cones and natural metrics on certain hypersurfaces asymptotic to the boundary of these cones. Recall an affine Kahler metric is a Riemannian metric locally given by the Hessian of a potential function φ, i.e. gij = ∂2φ ∂xi∂xj . Note that this metric is well defined only up to affine coordinate changes. Affine Kahler metrics are sometimes called Hessian metrics. See e.g. [4, 12]. The centroaffine second fundamental form provides a Riemannian metric on a hypersurface H ⊂ R, if H is the radial graph of a function − 1 u , with u negative and convex. The formula for this metric is − 1 u ∂2u ∂ti∂tj , and if u transforms as section of a certain line bundle, this metric makes sense under projective coordinate changes. See e.g. [10]. Form a cone
Equispaced Pareto front construction for constrained bi-objective optimization

Abstract We consider constrained bi-objective optimization problems. One of the extant issues in this area is that of uniform sampling of the Pareto front. We utilize equispacing constraints on the vector of objective values, as discussed in a previous paper dealing with the unconstrained problem. We present a formulation and a dual formulation based on arc-length homotopy continuation and illustrate this method (using standard nonlinear programming tools) on some problems from the literature. We contrast the performance of our method with the results of three other algorithms, showing several orders of magnitude speed-up with respect to evolutionary algorithms, while simultaneously providing perfectly sampled fronts by construction. We then consider a large-scale application: the variational approach to mesh generation for partial differential equations in complex domains. Balancing multiple criteria leads to significantly improved mesh design.
Risk aversion and the relationship between Nash's solution and subgame perfect equilibrium of sequential bargaining

This article presents some new, intuitive derivations of several results in the bargaining literature. These new derivations clarify the relationships among these results and allow them to be understood in a unified way. These results concern the way in which the risk posture of the bargainers affects the outcome of bargaining as predicted by Nash's (axiomatic) solution of a static bargaining model (Nash, 1950) and by the subgame perfect equilibrium of the infinite horizon sequential bargaining game analyzed by Rubinstein (1982). The analogous, experimentally testable predictions for finite horizon sequential bargaining games are also presented.
Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Management Patterns of Atlanta-Area Obstetricians Regarding Stillbirth

Abstract Objective Existing surveillance data on fetal death certificates are suboptimal for conducting reliable epidemiologic studies on stillbirth. The objective of this survey was to better understand the factors potentially affecting the quality of data collected on stillbirths among a defined population. Methods A survey was mailed to all physicians ( n = 661) listed in the July 2007 version of the American Medical Association master file with a primary specialty of obstetrics/gynecology and a mailing address within five counties in metropolitan Atlanta. Results A total of 487 physicians met eligibility criteria: 279 returned the survey, 179 did not return the survey, and 29 were returned as unable to locate. Two respondents returned incomplete surveys, leaving 277 participants for the final analysis. Respondents reported seeing an average of six stillbirths per year. A cause of death was not identified in two thirds of cases. Almost half (46.8%) of participants responded that 20 weeks was the minimum gestational age defining stillbirth, whereas 33.1% responded that it was 24 weeks. A majority (92.6%) responded that a standardized definition for stillbirth should be adopted. More than 80% agreed that a comprehensive evaluation was important to identify a cause of death, and 91.9% agreed that the use of a standardized protocol for post-mortem stillbirth evaluation would be helpful. A majority also agreed that ongoing surveillance of stillbirths and a national research agenda on causes of stillbirth are important. Conclusion Comprehensive educational and awareness efforts for obstetricians and other related health care personnel are needed to further improve on the data collected for surveillance purposes on stillbirth.