cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acoustic sensing of macroalgae (kelp) for large-scale marine biomass production

An important component of the future use of large-scale offshore farms to grow macroalgae (kelp) will be remote monitoring of infrastructure, the environment, and plant health over areas so large that manual inspection is not practical. A new program, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy's Macroalgae Research Inspiring Novel Energy Resources (ARPA-E MARINER), has the long-term goal of domestic energy production using biofuel derived from macroalgae. As part of that program, an integrated sensing system is being developed for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) monitoring of infrastructure, macroalgae growth, water properties, and associated organisms in experimental offshore macroalgae farms occupying areas square kilometers in size. A critical component of this monitoring system is acoustic sensing using a split-beam sonar system. Time-of-flight and volume backscattering data from the echosounder will be used to determine the thickness of growth and percentage volume inhabited of macroalgae. The objective is to provide a map correlated to biomass distribution variability across the farm area. Data will also be collected on aggregations of fish and zooplankton both within and outside the farm. Early results from local tests on sugar kelp will be presented, including initial research into the correlation between these acoustic data and biomass.
Creative Timber: Poets and Trees

In Appalachian lore, he who plants a cedar tree will die when the tree grows tall enough to shade his grave.1 Because of its slow growth, the life of a tree is frequently seen to parallel human life. Trees planted by one generation often stand to shade the next, lending themselves to a sense of history and ancestral connectedness. In their representations of the tree, poets often work out the complex relationship between life, death, and the hope artistic creativity offers for transcendence.
Moral Considerations Relating to Problems of Space Debris

Abstract It is argued that a more viable approach to the moral aspects of environmental pollution is required. Using the problems of space debris and pollution of the earth from space as an example, the suggestion is advanced that technical and ethical factors are unjustifiably dichotomized and that the way to overcome this dichotomy is to extend the application of scientific method to moral as well as technical problems. This is the approach defended by John Dewey in his instrumentalist theory of value. A brief review of the hypo-thetico-deductive pattern of problem-solving, first outlined by the American pragmatist philosophers, is offered. An explanation is furnished of the applicability of this method to any problem, including those which are moral. The approach to problems of space pollution follows as a matter of course. It is suggested that the problems being grappled with by participants in the present Symposium are of unparalleled gravity. They are much too important in their moral aspects to be resolved by appeal to merely technical factors, or to scripture, moral intuition, traditional standards and values, the “greatest happiness principle”, or to any other alternative to what Dewey was fond of calling the “method of intelligence”.
A CO2 laser heating system for in situ high pressure-temperature experiments at HPCAT

We present a CO2 laser heating setup for synchrotron x-ray diffraction inside a diamond anvil cell, situated at HPCAT (Sector 16, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, USA), which is modular and portable between the HPCAT experiment hutches. The system allows direct laser heating of wide bandgap insulating materials to thousands of degrees at static high pressures up to the Mbar regime. Alignment of the focused CO2 laser spot is performed using a mid-infrared microscope, which addressed past difficulties with aligning the invisible radiation. The implementation of the mid-infrared microscope alongside a mirror pinhole spatial filter system allows precise alignment of the heating laser spot and optical pyrometry measurement location to the x-ray probe. A comparatively large heating spot (∼50 μm) relative to the x-ray beam (<10 μm) reduces the risk of temperature gradients across the probed area. Each component of the heating system and its diagnostics have been designed with portability in mind and compatibility with the various experimental hutches at the HPCAT beamlines. We present measurements on ZrO2 at 5.5 GPa which demonstrate the improved room-temperature diffraction data quality afforded by annealing with the CO2 laser. We also present in situ measurements at 5.5 GPa up to 2800 K in which we do not observe the postulated fluorite ZrO2 structure, in agreement with recent findings.
P096 Collection & storage of blood samples for cfdna extraction: Is the more always the merrier?

Aim Analysis of circulating donor derived cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) promises a non-invasive method of assessing allograft rejection and possibly eliminating the need for surgical biopsies. In this study we compared the concentration and purity of ccfDNA in specimens collected in ACD (BD Vacutainer) tubes and Cell-Free DNA BCT (Streck) tubes and processed after different storage times. Methods Blood samples from 4 healthy donors were drawn into collection tubes (3 tubes each for analysis at different time points). Samples were stored at room temperature and processed at 18, 24, and 72 h. The samples were processed using Promega LV ccfDNA Custom kit according to the manufacturer protocol. Tubes were centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 min and an average of 4 ml of plasma was separated from the cells. Samples were extracted on the Maxwell RSC, and eluted in a volume of 65 ul. Samples were measured by Qubit (Thermo Fisher) & ProNex DNA QC Assay (Promega) to determine DNA concentration. The level of genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination was determined by the ProNex Assay and confirmed by the TapeStation D1000 High Sensitivity kit (Agilent Technologies). The ProNex Assay uses a multiplexed probe-based qPCR assay to detect quantity and quality of genomic DNA. It detects 75 bp, 150 bp and 300 bp genomic DNA sequences. The presence of 300 bp sequences indicates contamination with gDNA. Results DNA concentration by the Qubit showed a wide range of quantity. The quantity of 75 bp and 150 bp DNA fragments as shown by the qPCR assay indicate the amount of ccfDNA in each sample. The ratios of smaller fragments to 300 bp in each sample indicate the level of gDNA contamination. The Streck specimens had consistently high ratios up to 72 h. The ACD specimens had much lower ratios, decreasing by 72 h. The presence of gDNA contamination was confirmed by TapeStation traces and one such example at 72 h is shown below. Conclusions ACD tubes consistently exhibited higher gDNA contamination, as reflected by lower ratios in qPCR, which increased over time. Download : Download high-res image (190KB) Download : Download full-size image
Knowledge-how and false belief

According to a prominent account of knowledge-how, knowledge-how is a species of propositional knowledge. A related view has it that to know how to perform an action is for it to seem to one that a way to perform that action is in fact a way to do so. According to a further view, knowledge-how is a species of objectual knowledge. Each of these intellectualist views has significant virtues including, notably, the ability to account for the seemingly epistemic dimensions of knowledge-how. However, while intellectualist views can account for the seemingly epistemic dimensions of knowledge-how, such views have difficulty accounting for the practical dimensions of knowledge-how. The objection I level against existing intellectualist views here seizes on this deficiency. I argue that, in virtue of the practical dimensions of knowledge-how, propositional knowledge under a practical mode of presentation is not sufficient for knowledge-how. Even when the sufficiency conditions for knowledge-how set out by extant intellectualist views are met, one may fail to know how to perform an action in virtue of a disposition to act on a false belief about a way for one to perform that action. Thus, whereas critics of intellectualist views often allege that such views place overly demanding conditions on knowledge-how, the objection developed here suggests that existing intellectualist views place insufficiently demanding conditions on knowledge-how.
Magic: The Obsession

It was Friday night in downtown State College, home of Penn State University. This school is known as one of the biggest party schools in the nation, so Friday nights are usually filled with excitement and carousing, and tonight was no different. As I got out of my car on top of the Frasier Street parking garage, I instantly felt the familiar Friday night pulse of downtown. My heart raced in anticipation; the rambunctious combination of loud music and laughter in the streets evoked vivid memories of nights where I sought excitement. The mixture of streetlights and the stars above was magical. Here, high above the chaos below, the unforgiving January wind whipped my face and reminded me to keep moving, as if it knew I had another kind of Magic to go admire.
NetTimeView: Applying Spatio-temporal Data Visualization Techniques to DDoS Attack Analysis

Distributed Denial-Of-Service (DDoS) is a common network attack where multiple computers attempt to disable a single system with overwhelming network traffic. Various data visualization methods have been developed to help explain, analyze, and deal with DDoS attacks. However, most of the existing visualization methods do not effectively present the temporal aspect of the DDoS attack data. In this paper, we present a novel DDoS visualization technique, NetTimeView, that applies spatio-temporal data visualization to DDoS data. This technique integrates network traffic data and temporal data in a single view. Its multi-layered visualization technique is able to handle very large data sets with efficient use of visualization space. This tool is particularly useful for system administrators and network security analysts to conduct network forensic analysis. We demonstrate our method with a case study of a large DDoS data set.
The Omega Cave System

Abstract Formed beneath Powell Mountain in Wise County, Virginia, the Omega Cave System is one of the most spectacular caves in the eastern USA. More than 20 years of exploration and mapping has documented nearly 50 km of passages and proved both that it is the longest cave known in VA, and that with ~ 385 m of vertical extent it is the deepest known cave system in the eastern USA. The cave is part of a scarp-slope style karst system consisting primarily of a complex series of stacked and adjacent horizontal passageways connected by shafts and cross-passages. The entire system follows the local strike of the Greenbrier Limestone. At 9.5 km, the main stream passage is the longest continuously traversable stream passage in VA. Aside from these statistics, the cave is well-known for being challenging, fun, and spectacularly beautiful because of features such as unusual speleothem displays, eroded and sculpted bedrock stream passages, and complex multi-level 3-D meander-mazes, to name a few. Due to the distances and travel times involved in accessing much of the cave, most mapping and exploration was done during week-long camp trips. A diverse and complex array of features and discoveries related to biology, cave deposits, hydrology, paleontology, and speleogenesis are providing opportunities for interdisciplinary and/or long-term research projects that seek to understand how caves systems form, function, and will change in the future. The lower entrance to the cave, and the property around it, is now owned and protected by the Cave Conservancy of the Virginias as the Powell Mountain Karst Preserve.
Gibrat’s law in the trucking industry

The distribution of firm size in the trucking industry is highly skewed, with a few firms accounting for a disproportionate share of transport. The distribution is also highly disperse so that firms have no characteristic size. This paper demonstrates that the distribution of firms sizes can be well approximated by the Zipf distribution. Such a distribution is consistent with a random growth process that is independent of firm size (Gibrat’s law). We use data from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration in 2016 to demonstrate that the Zipf distribution provides a fit that is as good or better than other competing distributions, strongly supporting the model of random growth.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Strain-Softening Soil Response for Seismic-Loading Applications

AbstractA three-dimensional (3D) incremental plasticity constitutive model is developed for simulating the strain softening behavior of soil materials. The constitutive model extends an existing mu...
State of the Art Management of Aortic Valve Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Cardiac involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) generally manifests itself as aortic insufficiency, aortitis, disturbance in cardiac conduction, and myocardial dysfunction. We have used a case-based approach to review the current state of the art knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of aortic valve disease and aortitis in patients with AS. The risk for aortic valve disease and aortic valve replacement or repair is significantly higher than in people without AS, and this risk increases with age. Echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and CT can serve as effective tools for screening and follow-up. Surgical repair/replacement remains the mainstay of therapy for aortic insufficiency and aortic dilation, whereas transcatheter-based techniques may be favorable in the setting of aortic stenosis. Aortic valve and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities contribute to overall cardiovascular burden in AS. Optimal timing and therapeutic technique are dependent on assessment of overall risk and serial follow-up.
Tuning Compositional Drift in the Anionic Copolymerization of Styrene and Isoprene

The properties of polymer materials are largely a result of the local and long-range order of polymer chains and systems of polymer chains. The ability to tune polymer chain architecture at the mon...
The final reason paediatric Cardiac ICU patients require care prior to discharge to the floor: a single-centre survey.

OBJECTIVE To determine the Final ICU Need in the 24 hours prior to ICU discharge for children with cardiac disease by utilising a single-centre survey. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was utilised to determine Final ICU Need, which was categorised as "Cardiovascular", "Respiratory", "Feeding", "Sedation", "Systems Issue", or "Other" for each encounter. Survey responses were obtained from attending physicians who discharged children (≤18 years of age with ICU length of stay >24 hours) from the Cardiac ICU between April 2016 and July 2018. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Survey response rate was 99% (n = 1073), with 667 encounters eligible for analysis. "Cardiovascular" (61%) and "Respiratory" (26%) were the most frequently chosen Final ICU Needs. From a multivariable mixed effects logistic regression model fitted to "Cardiovascular" and "Respiratory", operations with significantly reduced odds of having "Cardiovascular" Final ICU Need included Glenn palliation (p = 0.003), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair (p = 0.024), truncus arteriosus repair (p = 0.044), and vascular ring repair (p < 0.001). Short lengths of stay (<7.9 days) had significantly higher odds of "Cardiovascular" Final ICU Need (p < 0.001). "Cardiovascular" and "Respiratory" Final ICU Needs were also associated with provider and ICU discharge season. CONCLUSIONS Final ICU Need is a novel metric to identify variations in Cardiac ICU utilisation and clinical trajectories. Final ICU Need was significantly influenced by benchmark operation, length of stay, provider, and season. Future applications of Final ICU Need include targeting quality and research initiatives, calibrating provider and family expectations, and identifying provider-level variability in care processes and mental models.
Functional dependence among older adults: a cross-sectional study with a rural population of southern Brazil

Introduction Brazil has a rapidly aging population, yet little is known about the occurrence of functional dependence in the rural older adult population. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of functional dependence and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in the rural area of the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. A systematic random sampling of households was used. Eighty percent of households in the rural area were selected, which included 1131 older adults. The outcome analyzed in this study was functional dependence. This was measured by and data were collected using the Katz Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Lawton and Brody's Scale for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Descriptive analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of functional dependence in ADL and IADL and to describe the sample. Crude and adjusted analysis was performed by Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were reported. Results A total of 1029 older adults took part in this study, corresponding to an 8.9% rate of losses and refusals. Prevalence of functional dependence in ADL was 8.1% (95%CI 6.4-9.7), while prevalence of functional dependence in IADL was 32.4% (95%CI 29.5-35.2). The occurrence of functional dependence in one or more of ADL or IADL was 6.7% (95%CI 5.2-8.2). The following categories were associated with functional dependence in ADL: female sex (PR=1.70; 95%CI 1.10-2.62), age group 80 years or more (PR=3.68; 95%CI 2.20-6.16), no schooling (PR=2.61; 95%CI 1.26-5.37) and 1-4 years of schooling (PR=2.49; 95%CI 1.28-4.84), having diabetes (PR=1.85; 95%CI 1.21-2.83), depression in the previous year (PR=1.90; 95%CI 1.09-3.31), urinary incontinence (PR=3.26; 95%CI 2.06-5.16), history of stroke (PR=2.26; 95%CI 1.35-3.76) and poor/very poor self-rated health (PR=2.36; 95%CI 1.29-4.32). The following categories were associated with functional dependence in IADL: female sex (PR=1.40; 95%CI 1.19-1.65), age groups of 70-79 years (PR=1.92; 95%CI 1.51-2.43) and 80 years or more (PR=3.80; 95%CI 3.07-4.72), no schooling (PR=1.87; 95%CI 1.46-2.41) and 1-4 years of schooling (PR=1.55; 95%CI 1.22-1.96), medical diagnosis of diabetes (PR=1.33; 95%CI 1.10-1.60), urinary incontinence (PR=1.40; 95%CI 1.17-1.68), history of stroke (PR=1.41; 95%CI 1.10-1.81) and regular self-rated health (PR=1.27; 95%CI 1.06-1.52) or poor/very poor self-rated health (PR=1.80; 95%CI 1.41-2.30). Conclusion Older adults in rural areas have a high prevalence of functional dependence. Knowledge of functional dependence and associated factors in rural populations is necessary for the planning and developing actions, especially in the routine of primary care, which promote health and prevent or postpone the decline in functional capacity.
Intraosseous hibernoma: A metastatic mimicker to consider on the differential

Intraosseous hibernoma is an uncommon brown fat tumor that with about 2-dozen case reports described in the literature. Hibernomas are more commonly found in soft tissues of the thigh, shoulder, and back. However, more cases of intraosseous hibernomas are coming to light as a result of work-up due to pain or as an incidental lesion finding. Herein, we present a case of a thoracic intraosseous hibernoma suspicious for an isolated ovarian cancer metastasis, successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation and kyphoplasty.
Health Services Demand and Utilization

Healthcare organizations are established in response to demand. Demand can be defined in terms of needs, wants, standards of practice, and (by proxy) utilization patterns. For community-wide planning, the demand for the widest range of services possible must be considered. At the organization level, the focus is on services offered by the organization or services under consideration. For a multipurpose organization like a hospital, the planner must consider a wide range of services. Demographic, socioeconomic, and psychographic factors, among others, influence demand. Structural factors also contribute to the demand for services. Projecting the demand for health services is challenging particularly given the elasticity in demand. A number of metrics are used to track health services utilization with a variety of provider types monitored. Commonly used measures include hospital admissions/discharges, emergency room visits, and physician encounters. A variety of coding systems have been developed to track utilization. Since there are no ready sources of data on demand and utilization, estimation and projection techniques are often used to generate synthetic data.
Lyapunov Energy Function based Control of a Soft Switching Solid State Transformer for Three-phase Standalone Application

Control and operation of a three-phase solid state soft switching transformer based on Lyapunov energy function for three-phase standalone application has been presented in this paper. Soft switching solid state transformer is based on a current source inverter type of topology with a high frequency transformer, therefore, making the converter immensely challenging to control and operate optimally. Possibility of controlling a soft switching solid state transformer based on Lyapunov energy function under nonlinear loading condition has been presented in this paper. Various case study results along with the derivation of the Lyapunov energy function based controller has been elaborated in this paper. The proposed control architecture is verified via computer simulations based on MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS domain and various case study results are presented and discussed in this paper.
510. Elevated IL-1β level as a predictor of inflammation and death in COVID-19

Background: SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) and is associated with respiratory failure and death in severe disease This is associated with high levels of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha which are predictors of severe outcomes SARSCoV- 2 leads to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome which results in secretion of the cytokine IL-1s While high levels of IL-1s are not observed in most patients with severe COVID-19, there is a subset of patients with high IL-1s levels Here we sought to characterize these patients and determine whether high IL-1s levels are associated with adverse outcomes and death in COVID-19 Methods: We identified 90 patients with high IL-1s levels (greater or equal to 2 pg/ml) and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in our hospital system in New York March 12 and May 8, 2020 We collected baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory values, COVID-19 treatment, and outcomes from this group and the group with IL-1s levels below 2 pg/ml Baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared Results: Comparing patients by IL-1s level had similar demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status and comorbid disease prevalence) The group had comparable levels of adverse markers of disease severity but the patients with high IL-1s had increased inflammatory biomarkers including IL-8 (629 vs 68 pg/ml, p< 0 0001), TNF-alpha (30 vs 51 pg/ml, p< 0 0001), IL-6 (173 vs 5075 pg/ml, p< 0 0001), CRP (141 vs 178, p=0 0007), d-dimer (2 6 vs 4 p=0 0002), and increased rates of death (30% vs 20%, p=0 008) Conclusion: Demographic and comorbid conditions are not effective at predicting high IL-1s serum levels in COVID-19 patients, however those individuals with high levels are at risk for adverse outcomes of severe disease and death Further investigation is required to probe the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1s signaling and the role of this cytokine in mediated inflammation and death in COVID-19
Exercise 2: Pipetting and Dilution Techniques, Identification of Mouse Lymphoid Organs

Pipets are essential laboratory tools used to transfer and dispense measured liquids between tubes, flasks, microtiter wells and various other vessels. Pipets range from large serological pipets used in tissue culture, capable of measuring 50 milliliters (mL) of media to Gilson pipets (micropipets) that are used to transfer very small volumes; as little as 0.5 microliter (μL) (Fig. 26.1). Knowing how to measure volumes of liquids accurately using pipets, is an important skill that can be applied to experiments in tissue culture, molecular and cell biology and immunology labs. Plastic pipets (“squeezers”), calibrated to 1 or 2 mL are also used to transfer small volumes of liquids. The 10 mL serological pipet is one of the most commonly used pipets. The pipet is graduated with measurements in increments of 0.1 mL intervals. Two scales are displayed on the pipet; on one side the scale increases in volume from 0 to 9 with the last 1 mL towards the tapered end of the pipet for the total volume of 10 mL. On the other side, graduations increase from the bottom to the top of the pipet. Some pipets are marked at the top with the letters “TD” (to deliver) or “TC” (to contain), with a double or single band, respectively at the top of the pipet to indicate each type. The “TD” pipets are also known as blow-out pipets because the entire measured volume must be completely dispensed. The pipets are filled using a pipet pump, tri-valve bulb or automatic pipet dispenser. Pipet pumps are color coded for the different sizes of pipets.
LGBT Trainee and Health Professional Perspectives on Academic Careers—Facilitators and Challenges

Abstract Purpose: Diversity efforts in the academic medicine workforce have often neglected the identification and inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health professionals. Many of these professionals have served as educators, researchers, administrators, and leaders at their academic institutions, but their perspectives on the barriers to and facilitators of pursuing academic careers, as well as the perspectives of trainees, have not been explored. Methods: We applied a purposeful convenience sampling strategy to collect quantitative and qualitative data among LGBT health care professionals (HCP) and trainees. The authors identified trends in data using bivariate analyses and consensual qualitative research methods. Results: We analyzed data from 252 surveys completed by HCPs and trainees and a subset of 41 individuals participated in 8 focus groups. Among survey participants, 100% identified as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) or queer; 4.5% identified along the trans-spectrum; 3...
Extracting qualitative dynamics from numerical experiments

The Phase Space is a powerful tool for representing and reasoning about the qualitative behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. Significant physical phenomena of the dynamical system - periodicity, recurrence, stability and the like - are reflected by outstanding geometric features of the trajectories in the phase space. Successful use of numerical computations to completely explore the dynamics of the phase space depends on the ability to (1) interpret the numerical results, and (2) control the numerical experiments. This paper presents an approach for the automatic reconstruction of the full dynamical behavior from the numerical results. The approach exploits knowledge of Dynamical Systems Theory which, for certain classes of dynamical systems, gives a complete classification of all the possible types of trajectories, and a list of bifurcation rules which govern the way trajectories can fit together in the phase space. These bifurcation rules are analogous to Waltz's consistency rules used in labeling of line drawings. The approach is applied to an important class of dynamical system: the area-preserving maps, which often arise from the study of Hamiltonian systems. Finally, the paper describes an implemented program which solves the interpretation problem by using techniques from computational geometry and computer vision.
Characterization of Bombesin/Gastrin-releasing Peptide Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Their Relationship to Steroid Receptor Expression

Bombesin (BN) and its mammalian counterpart, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), are hormonally active peptides which appear to function as autocrine or paracrine growth factors in a variety of cells. As part of a long-term investigation of the relationship of peptide and steroid hormone receptors to breast cancer progression and treatment, we examined the binding of [125I-Tyr4]BN to membranes isolated from 100 human breast carcinomas. Thirty-three of these tumors expressed BN/GRP receptor levels of > 10 fmol/mg membrane protein. Two classes of [Tyr4]BN-binding sites were detected using Scatchard analyses of radioligand association data from hormone displacement curves. The high-affinity binding sites exhibited a mean dissociation constant (Kd1) of 2.1 nM and a mean specific binding capacity (Bmax1) of 237 fmol/mg membrane protein. The low affinity binding sites had a mean dissociation constant (Kd2) of 0.3 microM and a mean binding capacity (Bmax2) of 5.9 pmol/mg membrane protein. BN/GRP receptor expression in a breast carcinoma was unrelated to patient age. When the levels of BN/GRP receptors were compared to the content of the sex steroid receptors, a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.005) was observed between the binding capacities of high-affinity [Tyr4]BN-binding sites and estrogen receptor levels and between the concentrations of low affinity [Tyr4]BN-binding sites and progestin receptor levels (P < 0.05). This represents the first report of these labile, regulatory proteins in biopsies of human breast carcinomas. Expression of specific receptor proteins for BN/GRP, potent mitogens, in a large number of human breast cancers suggests that they may be involved in tumor cell progression. The approach based on determination of BN/GRP receptors might be useful to guide a hormonal therapy with BN/GRP antagonists in some women with breast cancer.
Evading "Residence": Undocumented Students, Higher Education, and the States

Introduction 460 I. Higher Education for Undocumented Students and the States 466 A. Background 466 B. “On the Basis of Residence” and In-State Tuition Laws ...470 1. “Residency” defined 470 2. A legislative overview 473 3. An analysis of the California and Texas laws in the context of IIRIRA 476 II. Federal Immigration Power vs. State Police Power 480 A. Federal Power Over Immigration 480 B. DeCanas v. Bica and the Permissible Use of State Police Power Over Aliens 482 1. State laws that extend in-state tuition to undocumented students do not regulate immigration 483 2. Congress did not intend to occupy the field of postsecondary education of undocumented students 486
Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste

It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SST) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain a large volume of flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown describing the headspace hydrogen concentration transient during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs is summarized and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a very large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self limiting and gas release rates are relatively low.
Constitutional Cases and the Four Cardinal Virtues

Judges typically decide constitutional cases by referring to one or more legal precedents, rules, tests, principles, doctrines, or policies. This Article recommends supplementing this standard approach with fully legitimate and appropriate attention to what many cultures have long recognized as the four basic cardinal virtues of practical wisdom or reasonable prudence, courage or fortitude, temperance or reasonable self-restraint, and justice as the disposition to give everyone their due. The Article illustrates the legitimacy and usefulness of this supplementary approach, with judicial attention being paid either to government actors or to some broader public, in a range of important constitutional cases. Part of the justification for this Article’s recommended approach is drawn directly from reflection on the case law, but the Article also draws upon philosophical discussions of the basic virtues from many cultures in order to address a number of possible critical concerns.
Child care for children with special needs.

Most children with special needs are more like normally developing children than they are different from them. They share the same zest for discovery, love for stories and music, and delight in dressing in adult clothes. They, too, need to learn to run and play, solve problems, have conversations with friends, and attend to their personal needs. Finding an opening in a child care center can be a long, frustrating experience for families, particularly when employment is essential to cover basic needs. The problem of locating a satisfactory place increases tenfold when children have special needs. After learning that a prospective child has special needs, a child care center director will turn his or her attention to the impact the child9s needs might have on center operations. The director fails to recall the commonalities these children share with other enrolled children. Multiple, abortive efforts to locate placement exacerbate family stress. In desperation, parents may drop the criteria they had believed to be important in selecting placement, feeling relieved and grateful that, at last, they can go to work. To address this problem, we will first examine the characteristics of young children with special needs and indicate the prevalence of the problem. The traditional delivery models for early intervention and for child care will be reviewed, and barriers that inhibit provision for children with special needs in child care facilities will be noted. Some current models and practices that are effective will be reviewed. Finally, recommendations will be made for policy makers and providers of services.
Association of simian virus 40 T antigen with simian virus 40 nucleoprotein complexes.

Viral nucleoprotein complexes were extracted from the nuclei of simian virus 40 (SV40)-infected TC7 cells by low-salt treatment in the absence of detergent, followed by sedimentation on neutral sucrose gradients. Two forms of SV40 nucleoprotein complexes, those containing SV40 replicative intermediate DNA and those containing SV40 (I) DNA, were separated from one another and were found to have sedimentation values of 125 and 93S, respectively. [ 35 S]methioninelabeled proteins in the nucleoprotein complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to VP1, VP3, and histones, a protein with a molecular weight of 100,000 (100K) is present in the nucleoprotein complexes containing SV40 (I) DNA. The 100K protein was confirmed as SV40 100K T antigen, both by immunoprecipitation with SV40 anti-T serum and by tryptic peptide mapping. The 100K T antigen is predominantly associated with the SV40 (I) DNA-containing complexes. The 17K T antigen, however, is not associated with the SV40 (I) DNA-containing nucleoprotein complexes. The functional significance of the SV40 100K T antigen in the SV40 (I) DNA-containing nucleoprotein complexes was examined by immunoprecipitation of complexes from tsA 58-infected TC7 cells. The 100K T antigen is present in nucleoprotein complexes extracted from cells grown at the permissive temperature but is clearly absent from complexes extracted from cells grown at the permissive temperature and shifted up to the nonpermissive temperature for 1 h before extraction, suggesting that the association of the 100K T antigen with the SV40 nucleoprotein complexes is involved in the initiation of SV40 DNA synthesis. Images
Mythmaking in medical education and medical practice

Abstract Background Despite the emergence of evidence-based medicine, gaps in medical knowledge are filled by tradition, common sense, and experience, giving rise to medical myths. Methods We explored the origins of and evidence related to four medical myths: patients with shellfish allergies should not receive intravenous contrast, patients with atrial fibrillation of less than 48 hours' duration do not require anticoagulation before cardioversion, patients with suspected meningitis should have a computed tomography (CT) scan before a lumbar puncture, and patients with respiratory disease should not receive β-blockers. We conducted a literature review to describe each myth's origins and the quality of supporting evidence. Results All patients with allergies, including but not limited to seafood allergies, are at an increased risk for anaphylactoid reactions to radiocontrast. No conclusive studies indicate that patients with atrial fibrillation of less than 48 hours' duration do not require anticoagulation before cardioversion. A CT scan before lumbar puncture in suspected acute bacterial meningitis is a clinically inefficient precaution. β-blockers can be safely used in patients with respiratory disease and may even prevent cardiac events in these patients. Conclusions These familiar myths have maintained prominent roles in medical thinking because they represent wisdom passed down from eminent sources, they teach physiology and medical skills, and they offer physicians a sense of control in the face of uncertainty. In addition to providing scientific evidence, changing physicians' practice requires acknowledging that even meticulous care cannot always avert bad outcomes.
LOCAL AUTONOMY IS ALIVE AND WELL: THE RESULTS OF A NATIONAL STUDY ON LOCATIONS OF EFFECTIVE DECISION‐MAKING AUTHORITY IN STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEMS

This study defines the location of effective decision‐making authority in governing community colleges and examines differences in the locations of authority in academic, personnel, or administrative matters. Effective decision‐making authority was defined by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (1973) as the “agency whose decision generally stands and is not reversed” (p. 96). We compiled a list of governance decisions on the basis of the Carnegie Foundation study. An expert panel then weighted the items on this list by their importance in the governance of a community college. Location of decision making exists along a continuum from exclusively at the college through exclusively at the state system. Five points were identified along that continuum and assigned values from ‐1 (for local decisions) to 1 (for state‐level decisions). Forty chief executive officers of state community college systems identified the locations of decision‐making authority in their states for each item. Locat...
Analysis of a Heat-Flux Differential Scanning Calorimetry Instrument

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements are used to estimate the fractional latent heat release during phase changes. There are temperature lags inherent to the instruments due to the temperature measurement at a different location than that of the sample and reference materials. Recently, Dong and Hunt[1] showed that significant improvement in estimating the fractional latent heat can be obtained when detailed simulations of the heat transfer within the instrument are performed. The Netzsch DSC 404C instrument, with a high accuracy heat capacity sensor, is considered in this study. This instrument had a different configuration than that studied by Dong and Hunt.[1] The applicability of Dong and Hunt’s approach to this instrument is investigated. It was found that the DSC instrument could be described by numerous parameters but that model parameters were difficult to estimate. Numerical simulation results are presented and compared with experimental results for the fractional latent heat of a commercial A356 aluminum alloy. Once the thermal lag was significantly reduced, the onset temperature of the eutectic phase transformation was in excellent agreement with previously reported values. The use of this new fractional latent heat data allowed accurate predictions of the cooling curves during casting solidification.
Melting behavior of quasi-two-dimensional N2 adlayers deposited on graphite.

The melting behavior of partial and complete ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ monolayers on graphite is examined using a Monte Carlo procedure in conjunction with the multiple histogram method. It is found that vacancies inherent in partial monolayers, and those thermally induced by out-of-plane motion at or near monolayer completion, are important factors in predicting the density dependence of the melting temperature. Calculated at various surface densities are the melting temperatures, specific heats, order parameters, probability distributions for molecular positions and orientations, and fluctuations in these quantities. With this information the mechanism of the melting transition is elucidated, and the temperature and density dependence of the specific heats and order parameters is explained. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Does subliminal priming of free response choices depend on task set or automatic response activation

In a task requiring speeded bidirectional responses to arrow symbols (≪,≫), "free choice" responses to interspersed bidirectional stimuli ( ) are influenced by masked directional primes (e.g., Schlaghecken & Eimer, 2004). By varying stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility, we tested whether this priming effect is mediated by the conscious instructional set, or instead by pre-existing directional associations to the symbols. In two experiments, one group of participants was instructed to respond with the hand consistent with the implied direction of the arrow symbols, while another group was instructed to make the spatially opposite responses. Both groups showed priming of "free choice" responses. However, such priming was always biased according to the instructional set rather than pre-existing associations. Subliminal priming of "free choice" responses therefore depends on conscious task goals.
Stereotactic radiosurgery of cavernous sinus meningiomas as an addition or alternative to microsurgery.

ABSTRACTTO EVALUATE THE response of cavernous sinus meningiomas to stereotactic radiosurgery, we reviewed our 54-month experience with 34 patients. All patients underwent radiosurgery with a 201-source cobalt-60 gamma unit. Twenty-eight patients (82%) had previous histological confirmation of a meni
Radiochemical measurement of solubility product and thermodynamic functions for erbium trifluoride-water system

The solubility and solubility product of erbium trifluoride in aqueous solution were measured using three different techniques. The more acceptable radiometric values for the solubility and solubility product are 1.98×10−5M and 3.5×10−18, respectively. The values for the thermodynamic functions, ΔH298o, ΔG298o and ΔS298o for the dissolution of ErF3 and the stability constant for ErF2+ have also been measured.
Empirical lepton-quark mass formula: Four dimensional state space for fermion structure?

It is observed that a simple mass formula of the formm =¯mQ2(expλ) is wholly consistent with experimental measurements and quark model estimates for all 12 fundamental fermions. Here¯m = 433.3 MeV is an input (mean fermion mass) constant,Q is the charge number of the lepton or quark, andλ is a real root of a quartic equation that brings in a principal quantum numbern (= 0, 1, 2, 3). The charged lepton masses are given accurately to within 0.3 of 1%, all neutrino masses are zero, and the top mass is predicted by the formula to be close tomt = 163.6 GeV.
Fitness of children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance therapy: response to a home-based exercise and nutrition program.

BackgroundAltered nutrient intake and decreased exercise in response to cancer therapies and their side effects, particularly corticosteroids, may be key factors in the increased body weight and differences in physical fitness reported in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Pur
A new stain for quantitative measurement of sprouting at neuromuscular junctions

A new combined stain for the simultaneous demonstration of motor nerve terminals and cholinesterase at neuromuscular junctions is described. It employs bromoindoxyl acetate dye-staining for cholinesterase and silver-gold impregnation for nerve terminals. The clarity and reliability of the stain permit quantitative measurements of neuromuscular junctions in order to evaluate nerve terminal sprouting as well as other pathological changes. The method is rapid, reproducible, and simple, and it is well suited for the processing of large numbers of frozen sections.
Effectiveness of selective neck dissection for management of the clinically negative neck

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of selective neck dissection for management of the clinically negative neck in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Design: A retrospective comparison of patients treated electively with selective neck dissection and comprehensive neck dissection. Setting: Academic tertiary referral center. Patients: Patients with clinically negative necks and previously untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Intervention: Elective neck dissection, surgical treatment of the primary lesion, and postoperative radiotherapy as indicated. Outcome Measures: Regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-free survival. Results: Selective neck dissection was as effective as comprehensive procedures for staging the clinically negative neck. Occult metastases had a statistically significant effect on patient outcome as measured by distant metastasis. Conclusion: Elective neck dissection provides invaluable staging information, which guides the decision for adjuvant therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123:917-922