cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How stakeholders’ personal values influence their value expectations for legitimate organizations

Purpose – Through its use of a nationwide survey that assessed the most significant personal and organizational values among the general public, the purpose of this paper is to identify how individuals’ personal values serve an important role in guiding the value expectations they have for organizations. Design/methodology/approach – A research firm was hired to disseminate a survey to a stratified sample of 735 of adults in the US measures used in the study were a socially desirable human values subscale and a socially desirable organizational values subscale. Findings – The results from several regression analyses confirmed that stakeholders’ personal values predict the values they expect from organizations with which they choose to conduct business. Research limitations/implications – Organizations must recognize that values play a significant role in the legitimation process as both are represented by actions and social desirability. In the realm of corporate communication, organizations continually e...
Operating Characteristic and Expected Sample Size of a Sequential Probability Ratio Test for the Simple Exponential Distribution

SummaryFor the problem of testing the simple hypothesis H : θ = θ1 against the simple alternative K : θ = θ2 with θ2 > θ1 , where θ is the unknown parameter of the simple exponential distribution, the familar Wald's Sequential Probability ratio test may be adopted. It is shown in the present paper that for a class of sequential probability ratio tests, exact expressions for the operating characteristic and the expected sample size can be given. The nature of the expected sample size function and the effect of Walo's approximations to the stopping bounds of the sequential probability ratio test are also studied.
Artaud and the Pentagon’s “Save the Sperm and Eggs” Program

Perhaps now is the time to restage Artaud’s poem, “To Have Done with the Judgment of God,” in response to a new Pentagon program for American soldiers.
School counselor preparedness for working with students &chronic illness: insights and applications from a service learning experience in Southern Africa

Background. The American School Counselor Association suggests school counselors be prepared to deal with myriad forms of trauma in the school community. Included among these forms of trauma are students and families dealing with chronic illness. Despite this suggestion coupled with the increased rates of chronic illness among children, many school counselors may not be prepared to handle such issues due to lack of training, professional development, or culturally diverse experiences. Purpose, method. The author reviews the literature on chronic illness and school counselor preparation. To further explore this area of need, the author participated in a service learning experience in southern Africa. Results, discussion. The information and experiences are explored with discussion of insights and applications that can be utilized to address school counseling needs related to working with students and chronic illness in the United States.
Notch Expression Expands the Pre-Malignant Pool of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Clones without Affecting Self-Renewal

Abstract 3161 60% of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) harbor NOTCH1 activating mutations, making it the most commonly mutated oncogene in T-ALL. Notch signaling is critical for T cell development, and activating Notch mutations are found in all subtypes of T-ALL, suggesting that Notch deregulation may be a dominant initiating event in human disease. In human and rodent models of T-ALL, Notch directly induces cMyc expression. However, cMyc over expression cannot completely rescue Notch inhibition, suggesting that Notch may have other important roles in T-ALL progression. Classic viral insertion screens in mice have indentified that insertional activation of Notch1 is common in Myc induced T-cell malignancies, suggesting that Notch imparts a distinct advantage to leukemic clones independent of cMyc. Notch-induced transgenic zebrafish models of T-ALLs are unique in that Notch signaling does not induce cMyc expression, allowing new opportunities to determine the function of Notch which are independent of cMyc. As with rodent models, the co-expression of Notch and cMyc in zebrafish T cells significantly enhanced T-ALL progression compared to cMyc or Notch alone ( p scl and lmo2 , recapitulating the most common and treatment resistant subtype in human T-ALL. By contrast, T-ALLs that co-express Notch and Myc fail to upregulate any of the T-ALL oncogenes; however, following transplantation into recipient animals, double transgenic Notch/Myc leukemias now express high levels of scl and lmo2 . Finally, large scale limiting dilution cell transplantation analyses using syngeneic zebrafish demonstrated that Notch does not collaborate with Myc to increase self-renewal of leukemia initiating cells (LICs). Primary T-ALLs expressing both Notch and Myc have 10-fold less leukemia-initiating frequency when compared to T-ALLs that express only cMyc; however, following serial passaging, these Notch/Myc leukemias exhibit similar leukemia-initiating frequency as Myc-induced T-ALLs. Taken together, our data supports a model where Notch expands a pool of pre-malignant T-ALL clones within the primary tumor, a subset of which acquire additional mutations to confer a fully transformed phenotype. By contrast, Myc alone is insufficient to increase the overall pool of pre-malignant clones but confers a fully-transformed phenotype to leukemic cells accounting for the longer latency likely reflecting acquisition of additional genetic changes in clones. Our data may explain why a subset of relapse human T-ALLs develop disease from an underrepresented clone found in the primary leukemia. Primary human T-ALLs likely have a large pool of premalignant clones resulting from NOTCH-pathway activation that are unable to self-renew and thus, cannot give rise to relapsed T-ALL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reduced phosphoCREB in Müller glia during retinal degeneration in rd10 mice.

Purpose The mechanisms that trigger retinal degeneration are not well understood, despite the availability of several animal models with different mutations. In the present report, the rd10 mouse, a model for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) that contains a mutation in the gene for PDE6β (Pde6b), is used to evaluate gliosis, as a marker for retinal stress, and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, which may be important early in retinal degeneration. Methods Wild-type C57Bl6J and rd10 mice raised under cyclic light were examined for changes in gliosis and CREB phosphorylation for approximately 3 weeks beginning at P14 to P17 using immunocytochemistry. Mice raised under normal cyclic light and in complete darkness were also compared for changes in CREB phosphorylation. Results Gliosis in rd10 mice raised under cyclic light was apparent at P17, before extensive degeneration of the photoreceptor layer is visible, and increased over time. Phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 (pCREB) was detected in Muller glia (MG) in the wild-type and rd10 mice. However, at all phases of photoreceptor degeneration, the pCREB levels were lower in the rd10 mice. We also observed extensive migration of MG cell bodies to the outer nuclear layer (ONL) during degeneration. In contrast to the mice raised under cyclic light, the rd10 mice raised in the dark exhibited slower rates of degeneration. When the dark-reared mice were exposed to cyclic light, the photoreceptor layer degenerated within 4 days to approximately one to two rows of nuclei. Interestingly, the pCREB levels in the MG also decreased during this 4-day cyclic light exposure compared to the levels in the rd10 mice raised continuously in the dark. Conclusions The results of these studies suggest that photoreceptors communicate directly or indirectly with MG at early stages, inducing gliosis before extensive retinal degeneration is apparent in rd10 mice. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of CREB is downregulated in the MG. These results raise the interesting possibility that Muller glia undergo CREB-mediated transcriptional changes that influence photoreceptor degeneration either positively or negatively. Unlike canine models of RP, no increase in pCREB was observed in photoreceptor cells during this period suggesting possible mechanistic differences in the role of CREB in photoreceptors between these species.
Cow’s Milk Consumption and Child Growth

Abstract Cow’s milk consumption is routine among many children across the world, and is frequently recommended in food-based dietary guidelines. In this chapter I review studies that evaluate cow’s milk consumption’s relationship to child growth, including during the prenatal period, infancy, early childhood, mid-childhood, and adolescence. The focus is on skeletal growth, measured as length or height. For the prenatal period, most studies consider birth weight as the main size outcome. Milk consumption’s contributions to pubertal development or age at menarche are also covered. Overall, both randomized controlled supplementation studies and observational studies are not consistent in their findings at any age, making it difficult to make conclusive statements about milk’s unique contributions to child growth. Most studies do not control for milk’s macronutrient content. Particular milk components such as calcium and insulin-like growth factor I, which may contribute to associations between milk consumption and growth in height, are reviewed.
A Structural-Emergence Model of Diversity in Teams

The study of diversity in work groups and organizations has become a significant domain of inquiry. However, the overall consensus in this literature seems to be that a direct relationship between diversity and performance-based outcomes is tenuous at best. To break this impasse, we propose a structural-emergence model that emphasizes how the embedding structural context has substantial implications for the very meaning, salience, and content of diversity in teams. We then discuss how emergent processes that are a function of the structural context can take symmetric and asymmetric forms at the level of dyads within the team. In this way we provide a framework that takes into account both top-down and bottom-up effects of diversity in teams. The structural-emergence model also has important implications for how teams may be led and team tasks designed, and it provides avenues to build an actionable agenda for theory and research.
Decolonizing Christianity: religion and the end of empire in France and Algeria

Like much of the history of the Algerian War of Independence, narratives of the engagement of Christians in the conflict have often revolved around the great political debates of the period, fixati...
Affordable Course Materials: Electronic Textbooks and Open Educational Resources: Diaz, Chris, ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 2017, 144 pp., $65.00, ISBN: 978-0-8389-1580-6

A major issue facing colleges and universities today is the escalating cost of course materials and the consequent financial burden placed upon students. In the last few years alone, textbook costs...
NF-κB signaling and its relevance to the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma that is characterized by a poor prognosis determined by Ki67 and Mantle Cell International Prognostic Index scores, but it is becoming increasingly treatable. The majority of patients, especially if young, achieve a progression-free survival of at least 5 years. Mantle cell lymphoma can initially be treated with an anti-CD20 antibody in combination with a chemotherapy backbone, such as VR-CAP (the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab administered with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone) or R-CHOP (the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab administered with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). While initial treatment can facilitate recovery and complete remission in a few patients, many patients experience relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma within 2 to 3 years after initial treatment. Targeted agents such as ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, which has been approved only in the relapsed setting, can be used to treat patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. However, mantle cell lymphoma cells often acquire resistance to such targeted agents and continue to survive by activating alternate signaling pathways such as the PI3K-Akt pathway or the NF-κB pathways. NF-κB is a transcription factor family that regulates the growth and survival of B cells; mantle cell lymphoma cells depend on NF-κB signaling for continued growth and proliferation. The NF-κB signaling pathways are categorized into canonical and non-canonical types, wherein the canonical pathway prompts inflammatory responses, immune regulation, and cell proliferation, while the non-canonical leads to B cell maturation and lymphoid organogenesis. Since these pathways upregulate survival genes and tumor-promoting cytokines, they can be activated to overcome the inhibitory effects of targeted agents, thereby having profound effects on tumorigenesis. The NF-κB pathways are also highly targetable in that they are interconnected with numerous other pathways, including B cell receptor signaling, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Additionally, elements of the non-canonical NF- κB pathway, such as NF-κB-inducing kinase, can be targeted to overcome resistance to targeting of the canonical NF- κB pathway. Targeting the molecular mechanisms of the NF-κB pathways can facilitate the development of novel agents to treat malignancies and overcome drug resistance in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma.
Clinical features of eosinophilia myalgia syndrome and related disorders.

This chapter will review the clinical features of Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome (EMS). Since it is likely that this disorder falls within a spectrum of eosinophilic connective tissue diseases that also includes Eosinophilic Fasciitis (EF) and the Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS), these other disorders will also be discussed. To better understand these disorders, it is helpful to also review the epidemiology of these disorders, as well as potential pathogenic mechanisms.
DNA Damage and Repair in the Therapeutic Response of Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most refractory of all human malignancies with a median survival of 8–12 mo following diagnosis (46). Conventional treatment options, specifically surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have produced only trivial increases in survival of patients with GBM. Although newer chemotherapeutic strategies have been identified, such as the activity of CPT-11 against recurrent GBM (58), locally implanted BCNU wafers (111), or the O6-benzylguanine-mediated depletion of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase to restore sensitivity to nitrosoureas or methylators (57,54). New strategies, including modulation or reversal of resistance to chemotherapy, will be needed to dramatically enhance survival of patients with GBM.
Benign bone-forming lesions: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. Clinical, imaging, pathologic, and differential considerations.

The benign bone lesions — osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma — are characterized as bone-forming because tumor cells produce osteoid or mature bone. Osteoma is a slow-growing lesion most commonly seen in the paranasal sinuses and in the calvaria. When it occurs in the long bones, it is invariably juxtacortical and may need to be differentiated from, among others, parosteal osteosarcoma, sessile osteochondroma, and a matured juxtacortical focus of myositis ossificans. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma appear histologically very similar. Their clinical presentations and distribution in the skeleton, however, are distinct: osteoid osteoma is usually accompanied by nocturnal pain promptly relieved by salicylates; osteoblastoma arises predominantly in the axial skeleton, spinal lesions constituting one-third of reported cases. This review focuses on the application of the various imaging modalities in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and evaluation of these lesions. Their histopathology also is discussed, and their treatment briefly outlined.
Pound Cavity Tuning

A Pound reflection locking method is used to tune to a desired frequency high-Q microwave resonant cavities to be used for axion detection. A phase-modulated RF signal is fed to the cavity and the reflected RF signal is detected with a zero-bias Schottky diode detector. The detected signal is analyzed using a lock-in amplifier synchronized to the phase modulation frequency. The lock-in output is integrated and amplified to provide the feedback signal to a servomechanism to lock the resonant cavity to the desired frequency.
Evaluating Hospital Performance Using Process Systems Engineering Tools

Abstract Healthcare spending in the United States accounts for about 17% of US GDP, making the US the highest healthcare expenditure per capita in the world. There are areas for improvement in the healthcare system and hospital care is one of them, which represents the single largest national health expenditure by the type of services. Because hospital operations and manufacturing processes share some similarities at systems level, we believe that some of the theories and techniques developed for manufacturing processes are also applicable to hospital operations. In this work, we examine whether the so called focused factory theory (i.e., factories that concentrate on narrow range of services or operations produce better products at low costs) is applicable to hospital operations. Specifically, we examine whether the hospitals that are specialized in certain diseases achieve better results in terms of costs and patient outcomes using a national healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) dataset. Data analytics tools including multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA), ordinal regression and logistic regression are used to investigate effects of hospital specialization on the total charge and death of patient during hospitalization.
Creativity and the Urban Teacher: A STEM-Related Professional Development Program

We examine the urban context of learning for the fellows in a partnership between Michigan State University (MSU) and Wipro Limited, a leading global information technology, consulting and business services company, which resulted in the Wipro Urban STEM Fellowship Program at Michigan State University (MSUrbanSTEM) program. This grant-funded fellowship provided full tuition scholarships and stipends for 124 highly motivated teachers in Chicago Public Schools (CPS) who demonstrated a passion for teaching STEM. The fellows were divided up into three cohorts. Each cohort participated in an innovative yearlong integrated learning experience to build STEM teachers’ capacity to lead and inspire transformative, innovative practices in urban K-12 schools. In this chapter, the fellows’ instructors explore how to support these teacher participants in their efforts to foster creativity in an era of intensified authority, control, and resistance. By engaging in creative pedagogies explicitly connected to disciplinary knowledge, the program aims to disrupt traditional ideologies around teaching. The mission of the MSUrbanSTEM program is to empower K-12 math and science teachers in CPS to create transformative, innovative, and multimodal instructional experiences through project-based and experiential learning experiences. Each educator participant was encouraged to engage in inquiry around how the ideas of wonder, improvisation, invention, and reflection connected with his or her subject-matter expertise. As reported by way of this case example of teacher creativity, these strategies supported the activities the teachers engaged in throughout the year. The fellowship itself provided a foundation for fellows to develop projects for reshaping aspects of their teaching practice.
Effects of acute N-acetylcysteine challenge on cortical glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A pilot in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Abstract Findings from in vivo brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and preclinical studies have suggested region- and medication status-dependent increases in glutamate (Glu) levels and deficiencies in glutathione (GSH) levels in schizophrenia. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH synthesis precursor, has demonstrated modest clinical benefit in schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of acute administration of NAC on GSH and Glu levels measured with 1H MRS in 19 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy control subjects. Levels of GSH were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and those of Glu in dACC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), at baseline and 60 min following acute oral administration of 2400 mg of NAC. No differences in the levels of GSH or Glu were found at baseline or following NAC administration between patients with schizophrenia and control subjects in either of the targeted brain regions. Future studies measuring GSH levels in brain regions previously found to exhibit glutamatergic abnormalities or using genetic polymorphisms, while controlling for the age and medication status of the cohorts, are warranted to better identify groups of patients more likely to respond to NAC and its mode of action and mechanisms.
Development and standardization of the University of Cincinnati Auditory Processing Inventory (UCAPI)

Objective: A literature review found that questionnaires for persons with problems of listening seeking assessment of auditory processing skills are not applicable for adolescents and adults. We de...
Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue.

Jugular venous valve incompetence has no long-term remedy and symptoms of transient global amnesia and/or intracranial hypertension continue to discomfort patients. During this study, we interrogate the synergy of the collagen and elastin microstructure that compose the bi-layer extracellular matrix (ECM) of the jugular venous valve. In this study, we investigate the jugular venous valve and relate it to tissue-level mechanical properties, fibril orientation and fibril composition to improve fundamental knowledge of the jugular venous valves toward the development of bioprosthetic venous valve replacements. Steps include: (1) multi loading biaxial mechanical tests; (2) isolation of the elastin microstructure; (3) imaging of the elastin microstructure; and (4) imaging of the collagen microstructure, including an experimental analysis of crimp. Results from this study show that, during a 3:1 loading ratio (circumferential direction: 900 mN and radial direction: 300 mN), elastin may have the ability to contribute to the circumferential mechanical properties at low strains, for example, shifting the inflection point toward lower strains in comparison to other loading ratios. After isolating the elastin microstructure, light microscopy revealed that the overall elastin orients in the radial direction while forming a crosslinked mesh. Collagen fibers were found undulated, aligning in parallel with neighboring fibers and orienting in the circumferential direction with an interquartile range of −10.38° to 7.58° from the circumferential axis (n = 20). Collagen crimp wavelength and amplitude was found to be 38.46 ± 8.06 µm and 4.51 ± 1.65 µm, respectively (n = 87). Analyzing collagen crimp shows that crimp permits about 12% true strain circumferentially, while straightening of the overall fibers accounts for more. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the jugular venous valve linking the composition and orientation of the ECM to its mechanical properties and this study will aid in forming a structure-based constitutive model.
Heavy vs Light Recycling Behavior: The Influence of Political Concern, Knowledge and Perceived Benefits

This study investigated the hypothesized relationships of the three socio-psychological variables; political concern, knowledge and perceived benefits with recycling behaviors. This study used canonical correlation as the analytical tool to investigate the proposed relationships. The results indicated that knowledge was the best indicator of characterizing heavy from light recyclers. Environmental concerns, a measure of political concern was the strongest predictor of that set and altruistic benefits were stronger than monetary rewards in segmenting heavy from light recyclers by perceived benefits.
Materials Characterization With Multiple Offset Reflects at Frequencies to 110 GHz

Understanding the electrical properties of materials is a necessary part of any microwave circuit design. In this article, we explore the possibility of employing multiple-offset-reflect devices for on-wafer materials characterization at frequencies up to 110 GHz. The objective of this new technique is to provide a one-port characterization technique that does not require a first-tier calibration. To verify our results, we performed companion analyses with multiline thru-reflect-line, extracting the permittivity of fused silica and SU-8, which is a common photocurable polymer. For fused silica, we obtained a relative permittivity of 3.80 ± 0.02 from 5 to 110 GHz. For SU-8, we obtained a relative permittivity of 3.25 ± 0.02 at 28 GHz, which agreed with the literature values.
Pay-for-Delay: Who Does the Generic Industry Lobby Represent?

The generic industry lobby, Association for Accessible Medicines (“AAM”), often represents the public interest. In the pharmaceutical industry, it challenges brand drug companies’ anti-competitive conduct. It fights for lower prices for consumers. And it has built up goodwill for its work in these areas. But there is one glaring exception. Brand and generic companies often settle patent litigation. And sometimes they do so with the brand paying the generic to delay entry. To state the obvious, generics do well when brands pay them to stay off the market. But AAM’s fierce advocacy in favor of these “pay-for-delay” settlements has not received the attention it deserves. This essay addresses this gap. It analyzes AAM’s advocacy against congressional pay-for-delay legislation and its briefs in two recent cases involving a Federal Trade Commission challenge and California legislation. The essay concludes that in defending these blatantly anti-competitive deals, AAM does not represent the public interest.
Pattern-Recognition Methods for Classifying and Sizing Flaws Using Eddy-Current Data

This paper extends the work of Shankar et al to the classification of three types of machined defects in Inconel 600 steam-generator tubing: electrodischarge machined slots, uniform thinning, and elliptical wastage. Threedifferent pattern-recognition techniques were used for classification: (I) an empirical Bayes procedure, (2) a nearest-neighbor algorithm, and (3) a multicategory linear discriminate function. The three types of defects were classified correctly with an overall accuracy of 96 to 98 percent depending on the technique used. Two pattern-recognition algorithms, least squares and nearest neighbor, were used to size uniform-thinning defects in steam-generator tubing. All of the defects were between 25 and 75 percent of the wall in depth. With the least-squares algorithm, we achieved a fit correlation of 0.99 with a 95 percent confidence interval of (0.98, 1.00).
My Autohistoria-Teoría (trans)formational experience: An autoethnographical case study of a transgender BIPOC teacher’s experience with racial healing

Visibility of the transgender community has increased, particularly in the media. Trans teachers face a challenge, as their professional roles are both public and private. In an effort to seek pers...
Importance of myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer from a biomarker perspective

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogenous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in tumor bearing host and migrate to lymphoid organs and tumor tissues. This process is controlled by a set of defined pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are upregulated in malignancies. MDSC have strong immunosuppressive potential and constitute a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor cells take advantage of the suppressive mechanisms of MDSC to establish an immunosuppressive TME which inhibits antitumor immune responses thereby promoting cancer progression. An immunosuppressive TME acts as a significant barrier to immunotherapeutic interventions. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that enrichment and activation of MDSC is correlated with tumor progression, recurrence and metastasis. In this review we discuss the potential impact of MDSC on tumor progression and its role as a biomarker of prognostic significance in cancer with a special focus on hepatocellular cancer (HCC).
Methods in Language Documentation and Description

We consider how language documentation corpora are created: what is documented, how it is documented, and who is doing the documenting. The methods used in collecting language samples are far-ranging, including techniques used by folklorists, ethnomusicologists, descriptive and typological linguists, and anthropologists. Documentary linguists record, transcribe, and translate spoken, signed, and sung language using continually evolving software and technologies. Linguists often assist with orthography development in support of community literacy efforts and transcription of recorded language samples by language users The output of documentary projects include traditional paper publications (e.g., dictionaries) but increasingly include digital formats (e.g., online dictionaries and phone apps for vocabulary learning). Documentation projects incorporate information from analog language samples using archival and curation techniques from information and library science.
RFIC Plenary Speaker 2

This talk will provide an overview of the rapidly evolving millimeter-wave sensor market, including radar, imagers, and spectroscopy. The research and development opportunities at device, packaging and system/algorithm levels are both challenging and exciting and technologies such as low-cost deep submicron CMOS, SiGe, and other compound materials are promising from different performance and figure of merit criteria. Many cases demand a hybrid integration as a system-in-package. This talk will cover some of the most important current and upcoming technologies and trade-offs for the millimeter-wave sensor market.
Abstract PO-059: Epithelial/mesenchymal identity dictates pancreatic cancer cell metastasis

Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the dominant clinical presentation and highly treatment-resistant. However, not all metastasis is equal with metastatic disease in the lung having improved outcomes over the liver. These clinical differences suggest a therapeutic opportunity and urge analysis of the molecular underpinnings of PDAC metastasis. The acquisition of mesenchymal features by epithelial cancer cells is commonly associated with solid tumor metastasis and has been linked to the pancreatic cancer basal subtype and its association with treatment resistance and poorer outcomes, but its impact on pancreatic cancer metastasis needs further understanding. We explored the impact on metastasis of stabilized epithelial, partial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal cancer cells by generating several genetic mouse models based on the lineage-traced KPC mouse model (KrasLSL-G12D;p53R172H; or p53LSL; PDX1-Cre;EYFPLSL). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing we confirmed the KPC mouse model recapitulates the spectrum of epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypes observed in patients and can be genetically engineered to stabilize specific phenotypes. The stabilization of epithelial phenotypes through the homozygous loss of the mesenchymal-driving transcription factors Snail and Twist (Snai1F/F;Twist1F/F) had no impact on primary tumor progression but increased liver colonization. This increase in liver colonization was supported by a second epithelial-stabilized mouse model based on the loss of Zeb1 (Zeb1F/F). The stabilization of mesenchymal features through the heterozygous or homozygous loss of the epithelial adherin junction E-cadherin (Cdh1F/+ or Cdh1F/F) promoted lung metastasis. Interestingly, epithelial plasticity was still required for efficient lung colonization, but not rare liver metastasis. Additionally, mesenchymal gene expression correlated with an improved patient survival as well as metastatic localization, supporting the clinical observations of improved survival in lung metastasis. Using gene expression analysis of sorted bulk cancer cells and single-cells, migration assays, and multiplexed-immunohistochemistry, we observed that the epithelial/mesenchymal status of the cancer cells dictated different mechanisms for motility and interaction with the immune system. Mesenchymal cancer cells migrate as single-cells and attract fewer T-cells where epithelial cancer cells migrate collectively and have increased immune regulation gene expression. These data suggest the epithelial/mesenchymal status of cancers cells dictate the where and how of metastatic disease and could inform therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Julienne L. Carstens, Sujuan Yang, Pedro Correa de Sampaio, Xiaofeng Zheng, Souptik Barua, Kathleen M. McAndrews, Arvind Rao, Jared K. Burks, Andrew D. Rhim, Raghu Kalluri. Epithelial/mesenchymal identity dictates pancreatic cancer cell metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-059.
Pulmonary imaging using respiratory motion compensated simultaneous PET/MR

Purpose: Pulmonary positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is confounded by blurring artifacts caused by respiratory motion. These artifacts degrade both image quality and quantitative accuracy. In this paper, the authors present a complete data acquisition and processing framework for respiratory motion compensated image reconstruction (MCIR) using simultaneous whole body PET/magnetic resonance (MR) and validate it through simulation and clinical patient studies. Methods: The authors have developed an MCIR framework based on maximum a posteriori or MAP estimation. For fast acquisition of high quality 4D MR images, the authors developed a novel Golden-angle RAdial Navigated Gradient Echo (GRANGE) pulse sequence and used it in conjunction with sparsity-enforcing k-t FOCUSS reconstruction. The authors use a 1D slice-projection navigator signal encapsulated within this pulse sequence along with a histogram-based gate assignment technique to retrospectively sort the MR and PET data into individual gates. The authors compute deformation fields for each gate via nonrigid registration. The deformation fields are incorporated into the PET data model as well as utilized for generating dynamic attenuation maps. The framework was validated using simulation studies on the 4D XCAT phantom and three clinical patient studies that were performed on the Biograph mMR, a simultaneous whole body PET/MR scanner. Results: The authors compared MCIR (MC) results with ungated (UG) and one-gate (OG) reconstruction results. The XCAT study revealed contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvements for MC relative to UG in the range of 21%–107% for 14 mm diameter lung lesions and 39%–120% for 10 mm diameter lung lesions. A strategy for regularization parameter selection was proposed, validated using XCAT simulations, and applied to the clinical studies. The authors’ results show that the MC image yields 19%–190% increase in the CNR of high-intensity features of interest affected by respiratory motion relative to UG and a 6%–51% increase relative to OG. Conclusions: Standalone MR is not the traditional choice for lung scans due to the low proton density, high magnetic susceptibility, and low relaxation time in the lungs. By developing and validating this PET/MR pulmonary imaging framework, the authors show that simultaneous PET/MR, unique in its capability of combining structural information from MR with functional information from PET, shows promise in pulmonary imaging. T 2 ∗
Alternatively spliced orcokinin isoforms and their functions in Tribolium castaneum.

Abstract Orcokinin and orcomyotropin were originally described as neuropeptides in crustaceans but have now been uncovered in many species of insects in which they are called orcokinin-A (OK-A) and orcokinin-B (OK-B), respectively. The two groups of mature peptides are products of alternatively spliced transcripts of the single copy gene orcokinin in insects. We investigated the expression patterns and the functions of OK-A and OK-B in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum . In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry using isoform-specific probes and antibodies for each OK-A and OK-B suggests that both peptides are co-expressed in 5–7 pairs of brain cells and in the midgut enteroendocrine cells, which contrasts to expression patterns in other insects in which the two peptides are expressed in different cells. We developed a novel behavioral assay to assess the phenotypes of orcokinin RNA interference (RNAi) in T. castaneum . RNAi of ok-a and ok-b alone or in combination resulted in higher frequencies and longer durations of death feigning in response to mechanical stimulation in the adult assay. In the larval behavioral assays, we observed longer recovery times from knockout induced by water submergence in the insects treated with RNAi for ok-a and ok-b alone or in combination. We conclude that both OK-A and OK-B have “awakening” activities and are potentially involved in the control of circadian rhythms.
Spectroscopy of Rare Earth-Ruhemann's Purple Complexes

The complexes Ruhemann's Purples form with europium or terbium salts are suitable for fingerprint development on strongly fluorescent surfaces because they show enhancement of the lanthanide luminescence via intramolecular energy transfer and because the lifetime of the luminescence is much longer than that of the usual background fluorescence. They are therefore suitable for time-resolved luminescence imaging. The complexes are useful for fingerprint staining on smooth surfaces, since they are readily prepared in solution, as well as for fingerprint detection on porous surfaces, such as paper, where the procedure is similar to the by now routine ninhydrin/zinc chloride treatment, except that the nitrate or acetate are used in many instances, instead of the chloride, in the rare earth case, depending on paper type.
A 2-Approximation Algorithm for the Soft-Capacitated Facility Location Problem

This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part of this paper, we present a 2-approximation algorithm for the soft-capacitated facility location problem. This achieves the integrality gap of the natural LP relaxation of the problem. The algorithm is based on an improved analysis of an algorithm for the linear facility location problem, and a bifactor approximate-reduction from this problem to the soft-capacitated facility location problem. We will define and use the concept of bifactor approximate reductions to improve the approximation factor of several other variants of the facility location problem. In the second part of the paper, we present an alternative analysis of the authors’ 1.52-approximation algorithm for the uncapacitated facility location problem, using a single factor-revealing LP. This answers an open question of [16]Furthermore, this analysis, combined with a recent result of Thorup [21] shows that our algorithm can be implemented in quasi-linear time, achieving the best known approximation factor in the best possible running time.
MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING TO IMPROVE MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A REPLICATION STUDY

Motivational interviewing (MI) is brief therapy originally designed to motivate adults to change risky or dysfunctional behavior. There is a push to use MI with middle and high school students; however, current research focuses on MI with families or teachers or to support program fidelity. In one of the few randomized studies, Strait et al. (2012) found one MI session produced statistically significant changes in middle school students’ math grades and self-reported positive academic behavior. This study replicates Strait et al.'s study by using the exact MI protocol and similar data collection methods. In this study, 49 students were randomly assigned to either an MI (n = 25) or control (n = 24) group. As with the original MI study, there was a positive main effect on math grades. Effect sizes on academic behavioral outcomes were also similar. Independent replication, mechanisms of action research, and better understanding of why the effects are concentrated on math grades are needed.
The Four Square Step Test in individuals with Parkinson's disease: Association with executive function and comparison with older adults

Background In Parkinson's disease (PD), motor and cognitive impairments interact to affect functional performance adversely. A valid mobility test, the Four Square Step Test (FSST) involves multidirectional stepping over obstacles. FSST performance may also be associated with cognitive performance. Objectives This study determined the feasibility and reliability of an obstacle-based FSST in older individuals with versus without PD, and evaluated the association of PD performance of FSST with tests of cognition. Methods Thirty-one individuals with mild-moderate PD, evaluated while ON medications, completed the obstacle-based FSST, other mobility and cognitive measures. FSST performance was compared between a PD participant sub-set (n = 24) and 24 age-matched older adults. Data were analyzed with independent t-tests, correlations, and linear regression. Results Obstacle-based FSST was feasible and reliable within sessions in those with PD. Median best FSST time among individuals with PD was 11.72 s (9.99, 13.98) and FSST had concurrent validity with tests of mobility, and cognitive dual-tasking. Among cognitive tests, Trails Making Test B, which evaluates executive function, emerged as a sole contributor (49%) of variance. FSST performance did not differ between those with PD and older adults. Conclusion The obstacle-based FSST is feasible and reliable in those with PD. The relationship between cognitive status and performance on the FSST did not appear to be strongly disease-stage dependent. Using FSST in the clinic may help assess the health status of a motor-cognitive interaction in individuals with PD.
Accumulation of sulfite by a sulfate-using revertant of Salmonella pullorum

Sulfate-utilizing revertants of a cysteine auxotroph of Salmonella pullorum have been found that cause an accumulation in growth medium of a sulfur compound more oxidized than sulfide. The sulfur compound was presumptively identified as sulfite by the formation of a colored complex in the presence of basic fuchsin and formaldehyde, oxidation to sulfate by peroxide, and acid-volatility. The acid-volatile material was identified as sulfite by formation of an S-sulfonyl derivative of 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) which was chromatographically and electrophoretically identical to an authentic S-sulfonyl derivative. The presence of sulfate in minimal medium is required for sulfite accumulation, and both cysteine and selenate inhibit the accumulation. No evidence was obtained to indicate that a reduced sulfur compound was the precursor of the accumulated sulfite.
Studies on the Role of an Escherichia coli 50 S Ribosomal Component in Polypeptide Chain Elongation

The requirement for PI, a protein component of the 50 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli shown previously to be essential for the interaction of the translation factors EF-T and EF-G with ribosomes, is minimized under certain conditions in partial reactions that can occur independently of chain elongation. Although very little EF-G binding occurs to PI-deficient ribosomes in the presence of GTP or GDP, significant amounts of EF-G can be bound with 5′-guanylylmethylenediphosphonate. EF-T-dependent GTP hydrolysis and EF-G-dependent binding of guanine nucleotides, as well as the associated EF-G-dependent GTPase activity carried out under stoichiometric conditions, were found to be much less dependent on PI in the presence of 20% methanol. These observations indicate that the catalytic sites of the PI-deficient-ribosomes are basically intact, and that PI plays an auxiliary role in enhancing the interaction of the elongation factors with the active sites of the ribosomes. End group analysis indicates that PI contains a minimum of two polypeptides with methionine and serine as NH2-terminal residues. Correspondence of PI to the ribosomal proteins reported by others is suggested on the basis of polyacrylamide gel pattern and amino acid composition.
Rarefaction solitons initiated by sheath instability

The instability of the cathode sheath initiated by the cold energetic electron beam is studied by the one-dimensional fluid model. Numerical simulations show the generation of travelling rarefaction solitons at the cathode. It is obtained that the parameters of these solitons strongly depend on the parameters of electron beam. The “stretched” variables are derived using the small-amplitude analysis. These variables are used in order to obtain the Korteweg-de Vries equation describing the propagation of the rarefaction solitons through the plasma with cold energetic electron beam.
THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF NORMAL SUBJECTS AND SUBJECTS WITH ANEMIA OTHER THAN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

1. The administration of 20 mg. of folic acid daily to a group of 26 normal subjects and to a group of 22 subjects with some form of anemia other than pernicious anemia for a period of six to twelve months was not harmful to the central nervous system. 2. Pre-existent neurologic changes in both groups of patients were not altered during the period of treatment with folic acid. 3. Hematologic variations in both groups were not significant during the period of treatment. 4. A sense of well being and a diminished incidence of upper respiratory infections were reported by many of the normal subjects to whom folic acid was administered.
The Art of Writing Abstracts, Proposals, and Letters

This chapter discusses the methods for writing journal, abstracts, proposals, and letters. An abstract is an extract of the essence of the work. Abstracts are not summaries; they are more concise and clearer than summaries. The difficulty in writing an abstract is that the abstract must be short. . The abstract is designed to tell a scientific story that is easily understood and can, in turn, be quickly conveyed to others. Most journals instructions tell authors to send in abstracts of as few as 100 words or less. Writing an abstract requires unusual cognitive and linguistic discipline. Excess words must be carefully eliminated until the ones that remain true to fellow scientists' brains and to English-speaking ears. Stay within or under the required number of words, editing it carefully, getting it edited by a colleague who knows the work well, final editing, and checking the word choices and structures against other recent abstracts in the journal to which one plans to send the paper are some essential points to be considered prior submitting the paper. Proposals for presenting at conferences are relatively easy to write. However writing proposals for grants is considerably more difficult. Both kinds are submitted electronically. Submissions to journals are done electronically, and including a brief electronic cover letter is appropriate. A cover letter tells the editor that an article is attached for consideration and it may include a brief list of other scientists in the field, who could be appropriate for reviewing the work.