cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 136: Complexity and Collaboration in Discharge Planning for Inpatient Cardiology

Background: Multidisciplinary, collaborative care improves outcomes and reduces costs but may unintentionally increase the operational overhead to manage the complexity of increasingly sophisticated teamwork. Objective: To quantify complexity of a standardized discharge planning process by closely examining team continuity, composition, and experience for both explicitly defined, deliberately organized teams and implicitly defined, organically assembled teams. Methods: We examined discharge planning team membership for inpatient cardiology encounters with a length of stay (LOS) greater than 48 hours for a three-year period from 2012-2014 in a large academic medical center. By constructing a co-affiliation graph from transactional EHR data, we determined the frequency of team occurrence and size. We then calculated the shared experience of teammates using a pairwise similarity metric and identified modularity, groups of healthcare personnel with dense connections, within the graph by applying a community detection algorithm. Results: We identified 52,254 transactions for 3,213 encounters with an average LOS of 8.7 days for the time period. The standard discharge planning team accounted for 41,101 (79%) transactions, consisted of 7 team member types, and comprised 709 individual providers performing 36 activities. We identified 569 additional discharge planning team members, consisting of 22 additional provider types. When constrained to only explicitly defined teams, 404 unique teams with an average size of 5.9 members occurred with a mean of 8 (min=1, max=118) shared encounters. When unconstrained, organically assembled teams with no explicit definition occurred 3,209 times (mean=1; min=1, max=3) with an average size of 7.3 members. Single-encounters accounted for 21,107 (62%) of all provider pairs. However, over 50% of all discharges had at least 1 pair sharing over 99 encounters (median=4 pairs). Community detection found 9 modules (range: 12-275 members) among pairs with more than 5 shared encounters. Conclusions: We have shown by deconstructing digital interactions via the EHR, a core group of providers, defined by role and activity, anchor most discharge planning teams. However, the EHR can also identify identify the 20% of teams with constantly recombining membership due to situational care; this can impose overhead when targeting team-wide process improvements, communication strategies, or educational initiatives.
Integrating Indigenous values with capitalism through tourism: Alaskan experiences and outstanding issues

ABSTRACTRadical theories from political economy assert that capitalism is founded on the creation and appropriation of surplus value through exploiting human labor and nature. Such exploitative social and social–ecological relations are generally understood as contradictory to Indigenous worldviews, which tend to emphasize community well-being and environmental reciprocity over maximizing private accumulation. Enter tourism, tantalizing in its promise as a “silver bullet” for Indigenous sustainable development. When done “right”, tourism can generate capitalist economic activity without drastically damaging cultural and ecological systems. This study examines spaces of confluence and divergence in Barrow, Alaska, between current tourism and the values of its Indigenous people, the Inupiat. It considers the scenario of increased tourism in the future and identifies local visions for expanding tourism in a culturally appropriate manner. Key ideas for future development include increasing regulation of cruis...
Possible role of T-type Ca2+ channels in L-NNA vasoconstriction of hypertensive rat lungs.

Acute inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by L-arginine analogs such as N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) has little effect on basal vascular tone in normal rat lungs but e...
Inhibition of fatty acid synthase by C247 for lung cancer treatment

2379 mTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a central modulator of cell growth at the level of mRNA translation. Among the proteins affected are Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor which upregulates numerous genes such as erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes and vascular endothelial growth factor in response to hypoxia. We have previously shown in three different models of hypoxia that blockage of the glycolytic pathway with inhibitors such as 2-DG results in cell death. However, in the model where HIF-1α is upregulated, cells are less sensitive than in those that do not express HIF-1α. Here using rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR, we find that there is a significant increase in trypan blue positive cells (indicating death) when this drug is combined with 2-DG in the small cell lung cancer line SCLC-B growing under hypoxic conditions for 72 hr. Thus, at 4000 μg/ml of 2-DG, 55% of the cell population is dead while when combined with a non-toxic dose of rapamycin (1μg/ml) cell death increases to 80%. At a slightly higher concentration of 2-DG (5000μg/ml) cell death increases from 70% to 100% when combined with rapamycin. 4EBP is a downstream target of mTOR which when phosphorylated by this kinase acts to initiate translation of mRNA. When cells are treated with rapamycin (1μg/ml) 4EBP is found to be dephosphorylated indicating that this may be the mechanism by which the mTOR pathway is inhibited. Moreover, when cells are under hypoxia for 72 hr, HIF-1α is upregulated while mTOR remains at the same level as when cells are grown under normoxic conditions. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that CCI-779 (an ester analog of rapamycin) also inhibits HIF-1α expression in cells growing under hypoxia. Overall, these results suggest 2-DG in combination with inhibitors of the HIF and/or mTOR pathways could be useful in targeting the hypoxic cell populations of solid tumors.
The Southern Manifesto as Education Policy in Mississippi

ABSTRACTIn 1956, southern Congressmen signed the Southern Manifesto, rejecting the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education ruling. This moment, in the general American consciousness, marked the rise of White massive resistance to Black advancement, a racist foray doomed to be swept aside by civil rights forces and a determined federal government. The reality is more complex. In the case of education policy in Mississippi, White hardline resistance stretches from the end of the Civil War through the modern school choice debate. The advocates and opponents of school choice should know this history of racist education policy in Mississippi.
Relationship between lesion formation and electrophysiological responses using catheters equipped with mini-electrodes in chronic atrial fibrillation.

Background The study focuses on the electrophysiological changes associated with lesion formation using 4.5-mm irrigated and 8-mm standard catheters equipped with mini-electrodes (MEs) positioned circumferentially on the tip. Objective The aim of the study was to test the relationship between the maximal electrogram (EGM) reduction, frequency spectrum shift, and their impact on atrial lesion formation in the atrial fibrillation (AF) model. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the high fidelity recording from the MEs allows improved discrimination of ablated tissues from nonablated tissues. Methods Under fluoroscopic and NavX guidance, atrial ablation lesions were placed in 4 canines in chronic AF (>12 months in AF) to achieve intercaval, cavotricuspid isthmus, and left atrial contiguous lesions. Lesion times were titrated to the maximal loss of EGM amplitude as recorded from the MEs. Radiofrequency (RF) lesions were sequentially connected on the basis of the ME recordings of tissue viability. Results In lesions formed using a 4.5-mm irrigated catheter (172 lesions) and in those formed using an 8-mm catheter (155 lesions), the time to nadir of the EGM reduction was 22 ± 12 and 22 ± 9 seconds (NS:p>0.05). Contiguous transmural lesions were successfully placed and guided by the ME EGMs and confirmed by frequency spectra. Conclusion In the chronic AF model, EGM reduction and frequency spectrum shift recorded from the MEs are twice the reduction recorded using the 4.5mm and 8mm tip to ring electrodes. RF titration based on the maximal EGM diminution is an effective approach to monitor lesion formation and may improve safety by preventing unnecessarily prolonged RF application. The ME EGM recording greatly facilitates placement of contiguous transmural linear lesions.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Wharton’s Jelly of Umbilical Cord Segments Support the Maintenance of Long Term Culture-Initiating Cells from Cord Blood.

Abstract Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) are routinely obtained from bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical Cord Blood. Traditionally, adult bone marrow has been utilized as a source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). Bone marrow derived MSC (BM-MSC) have previously been shown to maintain the growth of HSC obtained from cord blood and have been utilized for cord blood expansion purposes. However, the use of a mismatched BM-MSC feeder stromal layer to support the long term culture of cord blood HSC is not ideal for transplant purposes. The isolation of MSC from a novel source, the Wharton's Jelly of Umbilical Cord segments, was recently reported (Romanov Y, et al. Stem Cells. 2003; 21: 105–110) (Lee O, et al. Blood. 2004; 103: 1669–1675). We therefore hypothesized that Umbilical Cord derived MSC (UC-MSC) have the ability to support the long term growth of cord blood derived HSC similar to that previously reported for BM-MSC. To test this hypothesis, MSC were isolated from the Wharton's Jelly of Umbilical Cord segments and defined morphologically and by cell surface markers. UC-MSC were then tested for their ability to support the growth of pooled CD34+ cord blood cells in long term culture - initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays as compared to BM-MSC. We observed that like BM-MSC, CB-MSC express a defined set of cell surface markers. By flow cytometry we determined that that both UC-MSC and BM-MSC are positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, HLA-A and negative for CD45, CD34, CD38, CD117, HLA-DR expression. Utilizing Mitomycin C treated (200 μM, 15 min.) UC-MSC from multiple donors as a feeder layer we observed that UC-MSC have the ability to support the maintenance of long term hematopoiesis during the LTC-IC assay. Specifically, UC-MSC isolated from separate umbilical cord donors support the growth of 69.6±11.9 (1A), 31.7±3.9 (2B), 67.0±13.5 (3A), and 38.5±13.7 (3B) colony forming cells (CFC) per 1×104 CD34+ cord blood cells as compared to 64.0±4.2 CFC per 1×104 CD34+ cord blood cells supported by BM-MSC (Mean±SEM, N=4 separate segments from three different donors). Thus, Umbilical Cord derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, a recently described novel source of MSC, have the ability to support long term maintenance of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, as defined by the LTC-IC assay. These results may have potential therapeutic application with respect to ex vivo stem cell expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells utilizing a Mesenchymal Stem Cell stromal layer. In addition, these data suggest the possibility of co-transplantation of matched Mesenchymal and Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the same umbilical cord and cord blood donor respectively. Lastly, these results describe a novel model system for the future study of the interaction between Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the appropriate supportive microenvironment represented by the Umbilical Cord - Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Increased alloimmunisation and transfusion reaction reporting in patients with solid-phase panreactivity

Background Automated solid-phase antibody screening uses red blood cell (RBC) membranes immobilised on polystyrene test wells to detect RBC specific antibodies. Despite its time-saving and labour-saving benefits, this method produces a higher rate of nonspecific reactivity compared with manual screening. Solid-phase panreactivity (SPP) is characterised by panreactivity (ie, all test cells reacting) in solid-phase testing accompanied by a negative autocontrol and a lack of reactivity when the same screening cells are tested in tube. The mechanisms underlying SPP and its clinical significance remain unclear. The goals of this study were to describe the prevalence of SPP at our institution and determine the alloimmunisation and transfusion reaction rates within this population. Methods Data were collected on all patients undergoing type and screen testing over a 6-year period. Study patients undergoing subsequent transfusion were evaluated for reported transfusion reactions and development of new alloantibodies. Results Of the 76 051 patients studied, 0.7% demonstrated SPP of which 11% developed new alloantibodies. The transfusion reaction reporting rate among patients with SPP was 2%. Conclusions Our data suggest that patients with SPP have higher rates of reported transfusion reactions and alloantibody development compared with those without SPP.
The Impact of Proposed Immigration Policy Changes on American Health Care Providers

Changes in immigration policy could impact the American economy in terms of costs and benefits. More specifically, changes to immigration policy could impact the health care labor force, reducing the pipeline of health care workers coming to the United States. Such a disruption could have serious long-term consequences for the quality of health care in this country. This paper will explore the current and projected labor market in health care, the participation of foreign-born workers in health care industries, current policies that affect the immigration of health care workers, and what proposed policy changes might mean for health care delivery in the future.
Efficient construction of linear state-space models from index one DAEs

Abstract Existing methods for construction of a linear state-space model from a set of index one differential-algebraic equations involve inverting a potentially large, sparse matrix. However, the inverse may be dense, and the resulting state-space model may be subject to numerical error. Three algorithms for calculating a state-space model have been developed and compared. Two of the algorithms are superior in terms of memory requirements, numerical error, and complexity and have been implemented as a component of the DAEPACK library.
The Omo-Kibish I pelvis

Omo-Kibish I (Omo I) from southern Ethiopia is the oldest anatomically modern Homo sapiens skeleton currently known (196 ± 5 ka). A partial hipbone (os coxae) of Omo I was recovered more than 30 years after the first portion of the skeleton was recovered, a find which is significant because human pelves can be informative about an individual's sex, age-at-death, body size, obstetrics and parturition, and trunk morphology. Recent human pelves are distinct from earlier Pleistocene Homo spp. pelves because they are mediolaterally narrower in bispinous breadth, have more vertically oriented ilia, lack a well-developed iliac pillar, and have distinct pubic morphology. The pelvis of Omo I provides an opportunity to test whether the earliest modern humans had the pelvic morphology characteristic of modern humans today and to shed light onto the paleobiology of the earliest humans. Here, we formally describe the preservation and morphology of the Omo I hipbone, and quantitatively and qualitatively compare the hipbone to recent humans and relevant fossil Homo. The Omo I hipbone is modern human in appearance, displaying a moderate iliac tubercle (suggesting a reduced iliac pillar) and an ilium that is not as laterally flaring as earlier Homo. Among those examined in this study, the Omo I ischium is most similar in shape to (but substantially larger than) that of recent Sudanese people. Omo I has features that suggest this skeleton belonged to a female. The stature estimates in this study were derived from multiple bones from the upper and lower part of the body, and suggest that there may be differences in the upper and lower limb proportions of the earliest modern humans compared to recent humans. The large size and robusticity of the Omo I pelvis is in agreement with other studies that have found that modern human reduction in postcranial robusticity occurred later in our evolutionary history.
Diagnosis and predictors of sessile serrated adenoma after educational training in a large, community-based, integrated healthcare setting.

Background and Aims Sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) are precursors of 15% to 30% of colorectal cancers but are frequently underdiagnosed. We sought to measure the SSA detection rate (SDR) and predictors of SSA detection after educational training for community gastroenterologists and pathologists. Methods Colonoscopy and pathology data (2010-2014) from 3 medical centers at Kaiser Permanente Northern California were accessed electronically. Gastroenterologists and pathologists attended a training session on SSA diagnosis in 2012. Mean SDRs and patient-level predictors of SSA detection post-training (2013-2014) were investigated. Results Mean SDRs increased from .6% in 2010-2012 to 3.7% in 2013-2014. The increase in the detection of proximal SSAs was accompanied by a decrease in the detection of proximal hyperplastic polyps (HPs). Among 34,161 colonoscopies performed in 2013 to 2014, SDRs for screening, fecal immunochemical test positivity, surveillance, and diagnostic indication were 4.2%, 4.5%, 4.9%, and 3.0%, respectively. SSA detection was lower among Asians (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], .46; 95% confidence interval [CI], .31-.69) and Hispanics (aOR, .59; 95% CI, .36-.95) compared with non-Hispanic whites and higher among patients with synchronous conventional adenoma (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.15-1.86), HP (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.30-2.34), and current smokers (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.17-2.72). SDRs varied widely among experienced gastroenterologists, even after training (1.1%-8.1%). There was a moderately strong correlation between adenoma detection rate (ADR) and SDR for any SSA (r = .64, P = .0003) and for right-sided SSAs (r = .71, P Conclusions Educational training significantly increased the detection of SSA, but a wide variation in SDR remained across gastroenterologists. SSA detection was inversely associated with Asian and Hispanic race/ethnicity and positively associated with the presence of conventional adenoma, HP, and current smoking. There was a moderately strong correlation between ADR and SDR.
Primary Care Provider Perceptions and Practices Regarding Dosing Units for Oral Liquid Medications.

Abstract Introduction To prevent errors, health care professional and safety organizations recommend using milliliters (mL) alone for oral liquid medication dosing instructions and devices. In 2018, for federal incentives under the Quality Payment Program, one requirement is for electronic health records to automatically use mL alone whenever oral liquid medications are prescribed. Current perceptions and practices of primary care providers (PCPs) regarding dosing units for oral liquid medications were assessed. Methods Pediatricians, family practitioners, nurse practitioners, and internists participating in the 2015 DocStyles Web-based survey were asked about their perceptions and practices regarding dosing units for oral liquid medications. Results Three fifths of PCPs (59.0%) reported that using mL alone is safest for dosing oral liquid medications; however, nearly three quarters (72.0%) thought that patients/caregivers prefer instructions that include spoon-based units. Within each specialty, fewer PCPs reported they would prescribe using mL alone than reported that using mL alone is safest ( P P Conclusions Because less than two thirds of pediatricians and one third of other PCPs would use mL alone in dosing instructions, additional education to encourage prescribing and communicating with patients/caregivers using mL alone may be needed.
Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Datasets to Evaluate Climate Models in Simulating Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Tropical Clouds

AbstractLong-term Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) datasets collected at the three tropical western Pacific (TWP) sites are used to evaluate the ability of the Community Atmosphere Model (CA...
'High Noon' and Polish Republican Symbolism in Relation to American Political Culture

This paper examines the fate of certain Polish republican symbols and notions with reference to the American political culture. It focuses especially on the image of Gary Cooper from "High Noon" that became a widely recognized symbol of the first Polish semi-free elections after World War II. The histories of modern Polish and American republicanisms are, however, intertwined since the very beginning of both traditions of political thought. Unfortunately, because of unfavorable geopolitical circumstances and internal turmoil Poles lost their first state. Hamilton wrote that due to its "anarchy and weakness" Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was: "unfit for self-government and self-defense" (Federalist 2001, 94). This anarchy, embodied by the "liberum-veto" rule, was, nevertheless, a corrupted form of political individualism that made Polish political culture so similar to the American one. In line with that tradition when in 1989 for the first time since World War II time Polish citizens voted in elections over which Moscow had no substantive influence, the pro-democratic Solidarity block used a picture of Garry Cooper from the film "High Noon" on its posters. The sheriff, who wore a "Solidarity" badge was; holding not a gun, but a folded ballot. "July the 6th, 'High Noon'" - said the slogan. The message was clear. It stated that it is time for every citizen to make an individual decision about what he thinks is right and do so disregarding the multitude of those, who may want to oppose such a decision. Referring to that specific film suggested that even against the many, the cause of the democratic opposition would prevail. Indeed this approach may be deemed the positive "liberum veto."
Automated Pulmonary Analysis by an Online Microcomputer

A general purpose microcomputer based data acquisition system (Digital Equipment Corporation, DECLAB MINC 11/03) has been installed at the National Institutes of Health to facilitate automation of both standard and experimental pulmonary testing procedures. Whereas commercial pulmonary systems have been generally suitable for routine pulmonary function tests (PFT’s)1, it has been necessary to manually perform more involved procedures such as compliance, work of breathing and exercise testing: Commercial systems are slowly becoming available which perform exercise testing; however, they do not provide a simple means for the user to add new procedures or modify existing protocol as is required in a dual clinical/research environment like that at the NIH. Additionally, a means for data archiving is desirable.
Imaging of Acute Colonic Disorders

A diverticulum is a sacculation of mucosa and submucosa through the muscularis layer of the colonic wall, where the taeniae and mesentery are absent. The occlusion of the neck of the diverticulum may lead to inflammation, mucosal erosions, and microperforation. Although the inflamed diverticula are most commonly seen in the sigmoid and descending colon, less commonly they may be present in the transverse or ascending colon.
Anti-nuclear connections: power and weapons

Why have two social movements with overlapping Interests remained apart? And what forces have recently encouraged organizational links between the two?
Estimators of the Factor Model for Survey Data

Limiting properties of estimators of the parameters of the factor model computed from an estimated covariance matrix are presented. Construction of the estimators and of the estimated covariance matrix of the estimators is computationally feasible for data collected in surveys of complex design.
The Effect of SkitoSnack, an Artificial Blood Meal Replacement, on Aedes aegypti Life History Traits and Gut Microbiota

Public health research and vector control frequently require the rearing of large numbers of vector mosquitoes. All target vector mosquito species are anautogenous, meaning that females require vertebrate blood for egg production. Vertebrate blood, however, is costly, with a short shelf life. To overcome these constraints, we have developed SkitoSnack, an artificial blood meal replacement for the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika and chikungunya virus. SkitoSnack contains bovine serum albumin and hemoglobin as protein source as well as egg yolk and a bicarbonate buffer. SkitoSnack-raised females had comparable life history traits as blood-raised females. Mosquitoes reared from SkitoSnack-fed females had similar levels of infection and dissemination when orally challenged with dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and significantly lower infection with DENV-4. When SkitoSnack was used as a vehicle for DENV-2 delivery, blood-raised and SkitoSnack-raised females were equally susceptible. The midgut microbiota differed significantly between mosquitoes fed on SkitoSnack and mosquitoes fed on blood. By rearing 20 generations of Aedes exclusively on SkitoSnack, we have proven that this artificial diet can replace blood in mosquito mass rearing.
OECD BEPS (In)Action 1: Factor Presence as a Solution to Tax Issues of the Digital Economy

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) launched its project to address base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) in 2013 with an Action Plan of 15 Actions. Action 1 encompasses identifying difficulties the digital economy poses for applying existing international tax rules and developing options to address them. Under current international tax rules, an enterprise generally is not taxed in a country in which it does not have a physical presence. With the economy having evolved so that business can be conducted over the internet with no physical presence in a country, companies have been able to avoid taxation in many jurisdictions from which they generate significant income. The OECD issued a final report on Action 1 in 2015 and a subsequent report in 2018, yet has failed to recommend a solution to address the physical presence issue. In effect, Action 1 has become Inaction 1. Countries and the European Union have grown impatient with the OECD and have taken matters into their own hands, with countries and the European Commission (EC) proposing or enacting legislation to address head on the issue of nontaxation of multinational digital companies, tax authorities assessing tax against multinational companies under the existing rules, and the EC bringing actions against countries for illegal state aid. This Article proposes that a factor presence standard be used instead of a physical presence standard for nexus based on a model used by states in the United States. Taxable presence for income tax purposes would be determined based on the factors of sales, employees, or property in a jurisdiction. The main objection to such a proposal is that it is too radical an approach to take at this time, even if it would solve the tax problems resulting from the evolution of the economy. The OECD has promised that it will reach a consensus solution by 2020 on how to address tax issues of the digital economy. As the OECD works toward a solution, it should seriously consider a factor presence approach that would offer certainty and fairness to multinational companies and their tax administrations.
A 128 Gb/s PAM4 Silicon Microring Modulator With Integrated Thermo-Optic Resonance Tuning

We report the first demonstration of a silicon photonic microring modulator with modulation data rate up to 128 Gb/s (64 Gbaud PAM4). The microring modulator exhibits an electro-optic phase efficiency of V $_\pi \cdot$ L = 0.52 V $\cdot$ cm, an electro-optic bandwidth of 50 GHz, and a measured transmitter dispersion eye closure quaternary of 3.0 dB at this data rate. In addition, the resonant wavelength of the microring modulator can be tuned across a full free spectral range using an integrated heater with a thermo-optic phase efficiency of 19.5 mW $/\pi$ -phase shift.
Using Text Messaging to Deliver Performance Feedback to Preservice Early Childhood Teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using text messaging to deliver performance-based feedback (PF) to preservice teachers working in inclusive early childhood classrooms....
Ambulatory Surgery Services: Changing the Paradigm of Surgical Practice

Once surgeons felt comfortable bringing patients into hospitals, “kitchen surgery” transitioned into hospital surgery. It was normal to wait weeks or months for an appointment, and patients typically spent several days in the hospital before even relatively minor surgical procedures such as groin hernias. Postsurgically, they would stay in the hospital for days or weeks. Now, those days are gone, and patients arrive on the same day as surgery, even for the most complex surgical procedures such as cardiac, vascular, and transplant. With the creation of surgery centers, advances of laparoscopic and arthroscopic surgery, and advances in anesthesia, this approach has become a reality. Insurance companies will no longer reimburse for lengthy hospital stays unless a patient is critically ill. The new norm can now almost be considered “drive-through” surgery. This chapter explores the current state of ambulatory surgery.
The Forensic Eye and the Public Mind: The Bertillon System of Crime Scene Photography

In fin de siecle France, Alphonse Bertillon—best known for his widely adopted system of criminal identification—pursued “other applications” for judicial photography, suggesting that photography mi...
Genetically engineered synthesis of complex natural products

Abstract The feasibility of multi-enzyme, one-flask total synthesis of natural products is demonstrated by the preparation of a tetramethyl corphinoid structure and of the alkaloid strictosidine by gene transfer and overexpression of the corresponding gene products in E. coli .
Telling stories to communicate the value of the pre‐employment structured job interview

In an effort to bridge the scientist–practitioner gap in the employee selection, some researchers have advocated telling stories to better communicate the value of evidence‐based hiring practices to human resource (HR) professionals. In this paper, we conducted two experiments that examine the efficacy of storytelling for overcoming managers’ resistance to use structured job interviews. In two experiments, we found that participants who read a story regarding the effectiveness of structured interviews, as opposed to receiving evidence‐based advice, reported more favorable attitudes toward structured job interviews. Serial mediation analysis revealed that the observed attitude change was mediated by an increase in narrative transportation and reduction in counterarguing. Implications for using stories in communicating the value of evidence‐based HR practices are discussed.
Gauss sums for Fq[T].

The purpose of this paper is to define ‘Gauss sums’ taking values in function fields of one variable over a finite field and to prove analogues of various classical and recent results. These results include Stickelberger's theorem, the Hasse-Davenport theorem, Weil's theorem on ‘Jacobi sums as Hecke characters’ and the Gross-Koblitz theorem. For comparison, the reader may consult [G-K] and references given there.
Obstetric management for stillbirth complicated by a prior cesarean delivery: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

The primary concern for a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is a uterine rupture leading to neonatal injury or mortality and maternal mortality. In individuals who have a term stillbirth, the n...
Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Reducing Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is more effective than other medical therapies at reducing menstrual bleeding volume, with similar rates of adverse effects. The effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system compared with endometrial ablation and hysterectomy has been inadequately studied.
Misinformation and Disinformation in the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Primary Information Sources and the Development of Attitudes Toward Vaccination

Misinformation is not new; however, the proliferation of social media has resulted in a much broader reach and instantaneous impact. Results from such proliferation were seen during the 2016 and 2020 elections in the United States. The reach of false information in the context of a U.S. Presidential election would not be the pinnacle of the harm it can cause. In the current context, the spread of false information in the middle of a pandemic and related to causes, cures, and conspiracies, has the potential to do real harm, if it has not already. Now that vaccines are widely available in some countries, this harm may result in lives being lost that did not have to be. In this paper, we explore vaccination status in the context of information sources used by individuals. The results suggest that a lack of trust and engagement in traditional news outlets is associated with lower levels of COVID-19 vaccination initiation or completion. Higher levels of engagement with sources that have been used in the past to propagate conspiracy theories, such as YouTube, are also associated with lower levels of vaccination initiation or completion. Public health implications and the need for greater information literacy are discussed.
“Overloading” Cognitive (Work)Load: What Are We Really Measuring?

Cognitive load is one of the most studied constructs in NeuroIS [1]. Not surprisingly, we have identified 27 papers presented at NeuroIS retreats between 2012 and 2020 which included measurement of cognitive load or related constructs. This paper reviews terminology used to refer to cognitive load, mental workload and its variations, as well as their operationalizations and measurements. All 27 papers employed physiological NeuroIS measures, while six of them additionally used subjective self-ratings. The wide range of measurements prompts us to question if we are measuring the same construct. We provide an overview and a summary of cognitive load terminology and measurement used in these 27 papers and conclude with recommendations for future research.
Assessing Supportive Social Exchanges Inside and Outside Religious Institutions: Exploring Variations among Whites, Hispanics, and Blacks

Little is known about race/ethnic differences in the exchange of social support inside as well as outside religious institutions. The purpose of this study is to assess differences in giving and receiving social support inside and outside the church among Whites, Hispanics, and Blacks. Two types of social support are evaluated when support is assessed inside the church: emotional support and spiritual support. Spiritual support refers to informal assistance from fellow church members that is designed to bolster the religious beliefs and practices of the recipient. The findings reveal that Blacks receive and give more emotional and spiritual support inside the church than Whites or Hispanics. However, meaningful differences failed to arise between Whites and Hispanics. In contrast, no differences were found between the three racial/ethnic groups in support that is exchanged outside the church. These findings suggest that religious influences rather than race/ethnicity per se are likely to be at work.
Justice's Merger Guidelines: The General Theory

The antitrust laws forbid, in vague and general terms, unreasonable conspiratorial restraints of trade, monopolization, and certain other practices that may tend substantially to lessen competition.' Although the Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department are two government agencies dedicated to the enforcement of these statutes, the courts rather than these agencies have created the governing corpus of antitrust law much as the courts created tort and contract law.
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: A mediator of pathogenesis and therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders and Down syndrome.

Abstract Currently, there are no medications that target core deficits of social communication and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior in persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Adults with Down syndrome (DS) display a progressive worsening of adaptive functioning, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like histopathological changes in brain. Similar to persons with ASDs, there are no effective medication strategies to prevent or retard the progressive worsening of adaptive functions in adults with DS. Data suggest that the α 7 -subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α 7 nAChR) is implicated in the pathophysiology and serves as a promising therapeutic target of these disorders. In DS, production of the amyloidogenic Aβ 1-42 peptide is increased and binds to the α 7 nAChR or the lipid milieu associated with this receptor, causing a cascade that results in cytotoxicity and deposition of amyloid plaques. Independently of their ability to inhibit the complexing of Aβ 1-42 with the α 7 nAChR, α 7 nAChR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) also possess procognitive and neuroprotective effects in relevant in vivo and in vitro models. The procognitive and neuroprotective effects of α 7 nAChR agonist interventions may be due, at least in part, to stimulation of the PI3K / Akt signaling cascade, cross-talk with the Wnt / β-catenin signaling cascade and both transcriptional and non-transcriptional effects of β-catenin, and effects of transiently increased intraneuronal concentrations of Ca 2+ on metabolism and the membrane potential. Importantly, α 7 nAChR PAMs are particularly attractive medication candidates because they lack intrinsic efficacy and act only when and where endogenous acetylcholine is released or choline is generated.
Accounting Expertise on Audit Committees and Expected Rates of Return on Pension Assets

Using defined benefit pension data from 2003 to 2007, we study whether having accounting financial experts on audit committees can mitigate the upward bias of expected rates of return (ERR) on pension plan assets documented in prior research. We find that ERRs are lower in firms with at least one accounting financial expert on their audit committees. These results hold after including controls from prior pension and governance research. Our findings suggest that accounting financial expertise on audit committees can deter managers from setting higher ERRs on pension assets.
Managing air pollution affected forests in the Sierra Nevada

Abstract Air pollution impacts in the Sierra Nevada encompass a variety of social and scientific issues that require close coordination of land management agencies. Management approaches are largely opportunistic and include utilizing the legislated mandates and regulatory mechanisms to evaluate impacts and provide recommendations on permit issuance and mitigations to air regulatory agencies, and resource manipulation to slow or reduce effects, such as thinning, prescribed fire, soil treatment, water treatment, and visitor health warnings. The most effective mechanism of managing air resources on national forests in the Sierra is through the federal Clean Air Act and the Prevention of Significant Deterioration process to protect Class I areas. With compelling evidence, air regulatory agencies may have opportunities to strengthen standards and ozone reduction targets based on risk to forest ecosystems.
Role of breastfeeding in childhood cognitive development: a propensity score matching analysis.

Aim: To examine whether the association between breastfeeding and childhood cognitive development is direct or whether the association is spurious owing to confounding variables. Method: The current study conducted a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Results: The results of PSM models revealed that prior to matching, the association between breastfeeding and cognitive functioning was significant (mean difference = 3.20, t-value = 7.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.40–4.00, P ≤ 0.05). After controlling for a range of confounding factors, the mean difference was reduced by 40% (mean difference = 1.92, t-value = 3.75, 95% CI = 0.92–2.93, P ≤ 0.05); however, significant differences remained between groups. Conclusion: The results produced in the current study provide tentative evidence that breastfeeding may have an influence on the development of cognitive abilities in children. Additional research is necessary, however, in order to further evaluate the causal impact and exact developmental pathway of breastfeeding on childhood cognitive growth.
The Synthesis and Static Magnetic Properties of First-Row Transition-Metal Compounds with Chain Structures

The most authoritative reviews of exchange coupling in one-dimensional linear chain systems of transition-metal ions are now several years old.1–4 Recent advances are largely a result of systematic studies of magnetic properties in conjunction with structural determinations. Since a large number of systems have been investigated, we will discuss only one example of each type of behavior that has been found for each of the first-row transition-metal ions, and tabulate data for other systems which have figured prominently in the development of the field. For the most part, only those chain compounds for which rather complete structural and magnetic data are available will be considered here.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Inhibits α1D-Adrenergic Receptor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro and Ex Vivo

Indirect evidence suggests that stimulation of α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) increases smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth in the growing and adult artery and worsens atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon injury. In support of a direct adrenergic effect, we have previously shown that α1D-AR stimulation induces SMC hypertrophy in cell and vessel organ culture. Because interactions between α1-ARs and peptide growth factors may be important in normal and pathological SMC growth, herein we examined regulation of α1D-AR expression by growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB dose- and time-dependently lowered α1D mRNA in cultured quiescent SMCs (e.g., 58% inhibition at 20 ng/ml, 24 h, p p
Usefulness of in-hospital prescription of statin agents after angiographic diagnosis of coronary artery disease in improving continued compliance and reduced mortality

Despite well-documented clinical benefit of the use of statins in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and even mild lipid elevations, studies have documented the presence of a significant "treatment gap" between those patients in whom treatment is indicated and those patients who actually receive it. It has been proposed that a prescription for statin therapy given to indicated patients at the time of initial angiographic diagnosis of CAD has the potential to improve long-term medication compliance, but this requires further evaluation. We prospectively followed 600 patients with angiographically demonstrated CAD (diameter stenosis > or = 70%) who met the National Cholesterol Education Project (NCEP) guidelines for statin therapy for an average of 3.0 years (range 2.0 to 4.6). Patients were an average of 65 years of age, 78% were men, 77% presented initially with acute ischemic syndrome, and 64 (10.7%) died during follow-up. Overall, 105 patients (18%) were discharged from the initial hospitalization with a statin prescription. At long-term follow-up, the number of patients taking statins had increased to 47%. However, long-term statin compliance was significantly higher among patients initially discharged with a statin prescription than those who were not (77% vs 40%; p < 0.0001). Additionally, those patients discharged with a statin prescription had significantly reduced mortality rate at long-term follow-up (5.7% vs 11.7%; p = 0.05). Cox hazard regression analysis, controlling for all known clinical baseline variables, confirmed the absence of a prehospital discharge statin prescription to be an independent predictor of increased mortality (hazard ratio 2.4) with a statistical trend (p = 0.06). Thus, this study demonstrates that after angiographic diagnosis of CAD, prescription of appropriate statin therapy at the time of hospital discharge improves long-term statin compliance and may significantly enhance survival.
The interaction of metal ions at the hydrous manganese dioxide-solution interface

Abstract The adsorption of metal ions was measured and alkalimetric titrations were performed on a synthetic sample of hydrous manganese dioxide. The principal characteristics of this phase, its stoichiometry, X-ray diffraction pattern and surface area, resemble closely naturally occurring manganese minerals. Both sets of experiments indicate that the affinity of the metals for the surface followed the order: Mg
Direct Sum Cancellation of Noetherian Modules

Abstract LetA,B, andCbe modules over a unital ringRsuch thatCis Noetherian andA ⊕ C ≅ B ⊕ C. Even thoughAandBneed not be isomorphic, we show that they have isomorphic submodule series, and, equivalently, thatAandBare indistinguishable by functions on the category ofR-modules that respect short exact sequences.
A robust method for detecting nuclear materials when the underlying model is inexact

Abstract This paper is concerned with the detection and identification of nuclides from weak and poorly resolved gamma-ray energy spectra when the underlying model is not known exactly. The algorithm proposed and tested here pairs an exciting and relatively new model selection algorithm with the method of total least squares. Gamma-ray counts are modeled as Poisson processes where the average part is taken to be the model and the difference between the observed gamma-ray counts and the model is considered random noise. Physics provides a template for the model, but we add uncertainty to this template to simulate real life conditions. Unlike most model selection algorithms whose utilities are demonstrated asymptotically, our method emphasizes selection when data is fixed and finite (after all, detector data is undoubtedly finite). Simulation examples provided here demonstrate the proposed algorithm performs well.
Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of transparent Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)1−x−yZrxTiyO3 ceramics prepared by hot isostatic pressing

Abstract The dielectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric and optical properties of transparent Pb(Ni 1–3 Nb 2/3 ) 1− x − y Zr x Ti y O 3 (PNNZT) ceramics have been investigated. Hot isostatic pressing was used to achieve uniformly transparent ceramics with optical transmittance of more than 5% at 633 nm. The room temperature dielectric constant of 4200 and a loss of ∼0.025 were measured on these samples. Large electromechanical coupling factors, k p =69%, k 31 =43%, k t =56%, and k 33 ∼80%, and large pyroelectric coefficients, 0.2075 μC/cm 2 K at room temperature and 2.3819 μC/cm 2 K at 129°C, were observed for poled ceramics. Transparent PNNZT ceramics could be promising candidates for many applications such as electrooptics, pyrooptics, and electromechanical transducers/sensors.
Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Newborns, Infants, and Children

During the period April 1962 to April 1963, 28 newborn infants, 7 stillborns, and 21 children from 4 to 15 years of age were examined for emission of gamma activity in a low-background, high-sensitivity, total-body counting facility. The 21 children contained traces of combined Zr(95) and Nb(95), Ru(103), (106), and Cs(137) in addition to the normal K(40). The greatest concentration of Cs(137) observed was 80 picocuries per kilogram of body weight, or about 4 percent of the natural K(40) radioactivity. Four of the seven stillborns, each counted for 10 hours, shoWed K(40) and traces of Zr(95), Nb(95), and Ru(103), (106). The ratios of Zr(95) to Nb(95) were lower in the stillborns than in their placentas which suggested placental discrimination against Zr(95). The ratios of Cs(137) to K(40) were lower in infants than in children or adults. Thyroid glands obtained atautopsy from 24 infants during April to September 1962 contained no detectable radioiodine ( less than 30 pc).