cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Air stability of low-temperature dehydrogenation of Pd-decorated Mg blades

We demonstrated that Pd-decorated Mg blades are air-stable for hydrogen storage with a low desorption temperature of 373 K. Pd-catalyst-decorated Mg blades were prepared by 64° oblique incident angle thermal deposition on a rotatable substrate with the rotation axis perpendicular to the substrate. The hydrogen desorption from Pd-decorated Mg blades was performed and recorded by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) for repeated hydrogenation–dehydrogenation cycles. The near-surface structural and compositional changes were characterized in situ by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The Mg blades were intentionally exposed to air at elevated temperatures (333 or 358 K) between certain cycles. It was found that the degradation of the storage capacity was affected weakly by the air exposure at moderate temperatures. The kinetics of the hydrogen desorption was sensitive to air exposure but recoverable through a replenishment of fresh catalyst Pd on the surface of the oxidized Mg blades.
The organic geochemistry of Peru margin surface sediments: II. Paleoenvironmental implications of hydrocarbon and alcohol profiles

We assess the utility of sedimentary hydrocarbons and alcohols as indicators of short-term changes in depositional conditions in the coastal Peruvian upwelling regime at 15°S. The distribution of 35 lipids (n-alkanes, n-alkanols, hopanols, keto-ols, lycopane, phytol, stenols, stanols, sterenes, and tetrahymanol) in a l m dated core from 253 m water depth are interpreted by (1) a principal components analysis and (2) a consideration of individual source-specific biomarkers. Profiles of odd-carbon-number n-alkanes (C25-C33) and even-carbon-number n-alkanols (C24-C28) reflect changes in the contribution of terrigenous sediment relative to marine sediment during deposition, as indicated by the correlations between these lipids and inorganic indicators of terrigenous clastic debris. The n-alkane carbon preference index (CPI) provides a less-sensitive record of fluctuations in the terrestrial input than the concentration profiles of the individual n-alkanes and n-alkanols, and these lipids are not well-correlated with the historical El Nino record. The similarity of all the stenol profiles measured and the lack of concordance between these profiles and inorganic indicators of terrigenous input suggest that any fluctuations in the abundance of higher-plant stenols are obscured by the larger marine contribution of these compounds. Similarities between the profiles of total organic carbon (TOC) and cholestanol/cholesterol are consistent with stenol hydrogenation being influenced by the sediment redox conditions.
Repeat posterior fossa exploration for patients with persistent or recurrent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

Object Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and persistent or recurrent facial pain after microvascular decompression (MVD) typically undergo less invasive procedures in the hope of providing pain relief. The outcomes and risks of repeat posterior fossa exploration (PFE) for these patients are not clearly understood. Methods From September 2000 to November 2006, 29 patients (14 men, 15 women) underwent repeat PFE. The mean number of surgeries per patient at the time of repeat PFE was 3.2 (range 1–6). The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 33.7 months. Results Compression of the trigeminal nerve was noted in 24 patients (83%) by an artery (13 patients, 45%), vein (4 patients, 14%), or Teflon (7 patients, 24%). Four patients (14%) who underwent operations elsewhere had incorrect cranial nerves decompressed at their first surgery. Only MVD was performed in 18 patients (62%) and a partial nerve section (PNS) was performed in 11 patients (38%). An excellent facial pain outcome (no pain, no medication...
Electronic spectroscopy of stilbene in bibenzyl crystals: spectra of stilbene dimers

Abstract Fluorescence excitation spectra of stilbene in bibenzyl crystals at 4.2 show well resolved monomer and dimer components. The dimer spectrum is shifted to the red of that of the monomer by 973 cm −1 , exhibits somewhat different fundamental intervals, perturbed intensities and a more complex vibronic pattern.
Risk Perception and sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy.

There are reports of increased sexual risk behavior among people on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to beliefs about risk of HIV transmission when on HAART. In a cross-sectional study (Seropositive Urban Men’s Study), we examined the relationship between risk perception and sexual risk behavior among sexually active, culturally diverse HIV positive men who have sex with men (N = 456). Less than twenty-five percent engaged in unprotected anal sex (either with an HIV negative, or unknown-status partner, or an HIV positive partner) within the past 3 months. Most men believed there was significant health risk (to partner or self) associated with unprotected sex when on HAART. There was no increased risk behavior associated with being on HAART, although the perception of negative health consequences, including HIV transmission, when on HAART was significantly lower for the relatively small subset of men who reported unprotected sex. Prevention strategies need to be tailored to address risk perception associated with HAART.
Quasiclassical trajectory calculations of correlated product distributions for the F+CHD3(v1=0,1) reactions using an ab initio potential energy surface

We report quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations of the correlated product distributions and branching ratios of the reactions F+CHD(3)(v(1)=0,1)-->HF(v)+CD(3)(v) and DF(v)+CHD(2)(v) using a recently published ab initio-based full-dimensional global potential energy surface [G. Czako et al., J. Chem. Phys. 130, 084301 (2009)]. Harmonic normal mode analysis is done for the methyl products to determine the classical actions of each normal mode and then standard histogram binning and Gaussian binning (GB) methods are employed to obtain quantum state-resolved probabilities of the products. QCT calculations have been performed for both the vibrationally ground state and the CH stretching excited F+CHD(3)(v(1)=0,1) reactions at eight different collision energies in the 0.5-7.0 kcal/mol range. HF and DF vibrationally state-resolved rotational and angular distributions, CD(3) and CHD(2) mode-specific vibrational distributions, and correlated vibrationally state-specific distributions for the product pairs have been obtained and the correlated results were compared to the experiment. We find that the use of GB can be advantageous especially in the threshold regions. The CH stretching excitation in the reactant does not change the CD(3) vibrational distributions significantly, whereas the HF molecules become vibrationally and rotationally hotter. On the other hand in the case of the DF+CHD(2) channel the initially excited CH stretch appears mainly "intact" in the CHD(2) product and the DF distributions are virtually the same as formed from the ground state CHD(3) reaction. The computed results qualitatively agree with recent crossed molecular beam experiment [W. Zhang et al., Science 325, 303 (2009)] that (a) CHD(2)(v(1)=1) is the most populated product state of the F+CHD(3)(v(1)=1) reaction and this reaction produces much less CHD(2)(v=0) compared to the reaction F+CHD(3)(v=0); (b) the cross section ratio of CHD(2)(v(1)=1):CHD(2)(v=0) formed from the reactions F+CHD(3)(v(1)=1):F+CHD(3)(v=0) is less than 1 and shows little collision energy dependency; (c) the reactant CH stretch excitation increases the DF:HF ratio at low collision energies; (d) the correlated vibrational and angular distributions for DF(v)+CHD(2)(v(1)=0,1) from the ground state and stretch-excited reactions, respectively, are almost identical.
New species of Bakeria (Nematoda; Strongylida; Molineidae), new species of Falcaustra (Nematoda; Ascaridida; Kathlaniidae) and other helminths in Cnemaspis mcguirei (Sauria; Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia

Two new nematode species, Bakeria schadi sp. nov. and Falcaustra malaysiaia sp. nov. from the gastrointestinal tract of McGuire’s rock gecko, Cnemaspis mcguirei (Sauria: Gekkonidae) collected in Peninsular Malaysia are described. The two species now assigned to Bakeria are separated on the bases of male bursa type and location of the excretory pore: type II in B. schadi sp. nov. and type I in B. bakeri; location of excretory pore, anterior to nerve ring in B. schadi sp. nov. and posterior to nerve ring in B. bakeri. Falcaustra malaysiaia sp. nov. is most similar to F. chabaudi, F. concinnae, F. condorcanquii, F. barbi, F. dubia, and F. tchadi in that these 7 species possess 1 pseudosucker, 1 median papilla plus 10 pairs caudal papillae, and spicules with lengths between 1 and 2 mm. F. barbi and F. tchadi lack adcloacal papillae; the remaining 5 species possess 1 pair of adcloacal papillae. Falcaustra chabaudi is known from Nearctic salamanders; F. concinnae from Nearctic turtles; F. condorcanquii from Neotropical frogs, F. dubia from Oriental frogs, and F. malaysiaia sp. nov. from Oriental geckos. Two additional species of Nematoda were found, Cosmocerca ornata and Meteterakis singaporensis. Cnemaspis mcguirei represents a new host record for Cosmocerca ornata and Meteterakis singaporensis.
Effect of Suture Knots on Tensile Strength of Repaired Canine Flexor Tendons

59 dog cadaver flexor digitorum profundus tendons were repaired with one or two knots inside or outside the tendon, using two, four and six suture strands. The ultimate tensile strength and gap strengths were compared. Locating the knots outside rather than within the tendon repair site showed significantly higher ultimate tensile strength for two, four, and six strand sutures. The strength was greater in one knot than in two knot sutures; the value of the six-strand suture using the one knot outside technique was the greatest. Similarly, increased gap strength was also obtained from the one-knot-outside technique. We concluded that the knots should be located away from the tendon repair site and there should be as few as possible.
Use of the results of field tests in the modeling of packed distillation columns and packed absorbers—III

Abstract The use of the results of a series of field tests in the modeling of a packed distillation column and a packed absorber is demonstrated. The modeling techniques proposed make use of data which are commonly available for existing columns. The parameters determined from the field tests consisted of the number of plates or mass transfer sections, the location of the feed plate of the distillation column, one component factor E i,m for each component for all plates and all runs, and two plate factors for all runs as described under modification (1) of the procedure for the determination of vaporization efficiencies.
A SEISMIC SURVEY AT HARPERS FERRY

An archaeological test survey was conducted at the siteof the disused (since 1860) U.S. Rifle Works, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. A portable seismograph was shown to be good for depth estimates of geological features, but resistivity apparatus is more useful for determining the location of architectural features. -- AATA
Disulfide structure and N-glycosylation sites of an extracellular domain of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor.

An extracellular domain containing 603 amino acid residues of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The affinity-purified material has previously been shown to dimerize when combined with the ligand. In this paper we have characterized the primary structure of this active receptor. Laser desorption mass spectrometry of the purified receptor showed a broad peak at a molecular weight of 84 000, ranging from 77 000 to 91 000. The molecular weight heterogeneity is due to glycosylation. Since the molecular weight based on the amino acid sequence is 67 322, by subtraction the carbohydrate content is approximately 17 000. Disulfide structure of the receptor was determined by peptide mapping in the absence and presence of reducing agent. Sequence and mass spectral analyses of these peptides showed the receptor to contain eight disulfide bonds and three free cysteines. These disulfide bonds are consistent with the known domain motifs of the receptor in t...
Photoproduction of eta mesons from hydrogen

Abstract The differential cross section for eta photoproductions has been measured for incident photon energies of 4 and 8 GeV and momentum tranfers − t = 0.3 to 0.8 (GeV/ c ) 2 .
Intracavity Atomic Absorption with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomizer

An inductively coupled plasma is placed inside the cavity of a flashlamp-pumped dye laser and atomic absorption is measured with the use of an optogalvanic detector. An enhancement factor of 170 is shown for intracavity absorption relative to single-pass, extracavity absorption. Both atom and ion lines can be monitored by this technique. Detection limits of 1 μg/mL for sodium and 0.1 μg/mL for barium were observed. The major noise source is pulse-to-pulse fluctuation in the laser output.
Recurrent hyperparathyroidism due to implantation of parathyroid tissue

Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism after initially successful primary operation is usually caused by inadequate resection of diseased tissue or recurrent carcinoma. Since it is known that normal parathyroid tissue may be autotransplanted into a muscle bed, it is plausible that inadvertent implantation of parathyroid tissue spilled at operation may occur. In four of 23 reoperations for hyperparathyroidism in an 11 year period, we found evidence that iatrogenic parathyroid implantation had occurred. Two of the four patients had multiple parathyroid implants in the previous operative field, and one of these patients had documented spillage of a cystic adenoma during the original operation. Another two of the four patients were found to have recurrent adenomas containing suture material at sites of previous excision of the adenomas. No patient had gross or histologic evidence of parathyroid carcinoma. We conclude that inadvertently spilled parathyroid tissue may implant in the neck or mediastinum and cause persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia. Therefore, all efforts should be made to handle the parathyroid glands only by their pedicles and not to crush, suture, or violate the capsule. Needle aspiration of parathyroid cysts could lead to implantation along the needle tract.
Expected connectivity and leader election in unreliable networks

A distinguished node that performs some centralized function in a network is called a leader; see, for example, [l]. All nodes in the network send and receive information from this special node (the leader). Let us assume that the underlying network of the system consists of unreliable links. To ensure that the leader is available to as many nodes as possible, the selection of the leader should be dependent upon the underlying topology of the network. ’ In this paper we define a new measure called the expected connecticity and argue for using it as a basis for selecting the leader. Intuitively, given a leader, every node in the system will send (and receive) information from the leader via a maximum reliability path. If a link on this path were to fail, a new path to the leader will have to be computed. It is therefore desirable to choose as
Expression of sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) and myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves

Summary Fructan is an important class of non-structural carbohydrates present in cool-season grasses. Sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT, EC 2.4.1.10), one of the enzymes thought to be involved in grass fructan biosynthesis, catalyzes the initiation and extension of 2,6-linked fructans. Myo -inositol is a central component in several metabolic pathways in higher plants. Myo -inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) (EC 5.5.1.4), the first enzyme in inositol de novo biosynthesis, catalyzes the formation of myo -inositol 1-phosphate (MIP) from glucose-6-phosphate. The expression of 6-SFT and MIPS genes is compared in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves under various conditions. In cool temperature treatments, both 6-SFT and MIPS mRNAs accumulate within two days and then decline after four days. Under warm temperatures and continuous illumination, the amount of 6-SFT and MIPS mRNA gradually accumulated in detached leaves and increased significantly by 8 h. In contrast, we observed no significant changes over time in attached (control) leaves. Treating detached leaves with glucose or sucrose in the dark resulted in accumulations of both 6-SFT and MIPS mRNA. Homologous expression patterns for 6-SFT and MIPS genes suggest that they may be similarly regulated in barley leaves. Although sucrose and glucose may play important roles in the expression of 6-SFT and MIPS genes, regulation likely involves multiple factors.
Inventing or recovering “civil society” in the Middle East

Shafiq al-Gharba Al-Kuwait, Dirasafi Aliyyat al-Dawula al-Qutriyya, al-Sulta, wa al‐Mujtama [Kuwait: A study in the structure of state, authority and society]. Cairo: A Joint Publication by Ibn Khaldun Center for Developmental Studies and al-Amin Publishing House, 1995. 241 pp., (paper). Said B. AL-Alawi et al., AL-Mujtama al-Madani wa‐Dawruhu fi Tahqiq al‐Dimuqratiyya fi al‐Watan al‐Arabi [Civil society and its role in realizing democracy in the Arab homeland]. Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies, 1992. 879 pp., (cloth). Augustus Richard Norton, ed. Civil Society In the Middle East. Volume I. New York: E. J. Brill, 1994. 325 pp., (paper).
Characterization of feline serum-cobalt binding.

Background Oxidative stress inhibits albumin's ability to complex with cobalt. Feline serum–cobalt binding has not been described. Objectives The objective was to develop a cobalt binding test for use with feline serum, and correlate the results with other biochemical and cellular constituents in blood, and with clinical diseases of cats. Methods A colorimetric test of cobalt binding, based on the oxidation–reduction reaction of Co+2 and dithiothreitol, was developed using feline serum. The test was used to measure cobalt binding in stored serum from 176 cats presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a variety of disease conditions. Time-matched hematology and biochemical data, and clinical information, were obtained from the medical record of each cat and correlated with the serum–cobalt binding results. Results Serial dilution of feline serum with phosphate-buffered saline resulted in a highly linear decrease in serum–cobalt binding (r2 = .9984). Serum–cobalt binding of the clinical samples also correlated with albumin concentrations in a stepwise linear regression model (r2 = .425), and both cobalt binding and albumin were significantly decreased in cases of inflammation. Albumin and cobalt binding also shared significant correlations with several erythron variables, and serum concentration of total calcium and bilirubin. Conclusions The correlation of cobalt binding measured by a colorimetric test with albumin concentration in the clinical samples and with serum dilution is consistent with feline albumin–cobalt complex formation. Hypoalbuminemia is the likely cause of reduced serum–cobalt binding in inflammation and the correlations observed between cobalt binding and other variables.
Leachability of chemical constituents in soil–plant systems irrigated with synthetic graywater

Over recent years, reuse of graywater for irrigation has become increasingly widespread internationally. While this practice is rapidly growing, there remain unanswered questions with respect to impacts to environmental quality and human health. The objective of this research was to determine the leachability of graywater constituents after applied to soil through a set of controlled greenhouse experiments. Four plant species including bermudagrass, tall fescue, Meyer Lemon and Emerald Gaiety Euonymus were included in the study. Three replicate columns for each species were set up and irrigated either with synthetic graywater or potable water for a 17 month duration. Leachate quality was assessed for dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorous, boron, sodium adsorption ratio, conductivity, surfactants, and total dissolved solids. The same constituents and also organic matter were measured in soil samples collected at the end of experiments. Phosphorus did not leach through the 50 cm deep soil columns. Salts, including boron, showed potential to leach through graywater irrigated soil. A portion of the applied nitrogen was assimilated by plants, but leaching of nitrogen was still observed as documented by statistically higher nitrogen in leachate collected from graywater-irrigated columns compared to potable water-irrigated columns (P ≤ 0.05). A low percentage of surfactants added to columns leached through (7 ± 6% on average) and a mass balance on surfactant parent compounds showed that 92–96% of added surfactants were biodegraded.
LIMITED OXIDATION OF IRRADIATED GRAPHITE WASTE TO REMOVE SURFACE CARBON-14

Large quantities of irradiated graphite waste from graphite-moderated nuclear reactors exist and are expected to increase in the case of High Temperature Reactor (HTR) deployment [1,2]. This situation indicates the need for a graphite waste management strategy. Of greatest concern for long-term disposal of irradiated graphite is carbon-14 ( 14 C), with a half-life of 5730 years. Fachinger et al. [2] have demonstrated that thermal treatment of irradiated graphite removes a significant fraction of the 14 C, which tends to be concentrated on the graphite surface. During thermal treatment, graphite surface carbon atoms interact with naturally adsorbed oxygen complexes to create COx gases, i.e. “gasify” graphite. The effectiveness of this process is highly dependent on the availability of adsorbed oxygen compounds. The quantity and form of adsorbed oxygen complexes in pre- and post-irradiated graphite were studied using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in an effort to better understand the gasification process and to apply that understanding to process optimization. Adsorbed oxygen fragments were detected on both irradiated and unirradiated graphite; however, carbon-oxygen bonds were identified only on the irradiated material. This difference is likely due to a large number of carbon active sites associated with the higher lattice disorder resulting from irradiation. Results of XPS analysis also indicated the potential bonding structures of the oxygen fragments removed during surface impingement. Ester- and carboxyl- like structures were predominant among the identified oxygen-containing fragments. The indicated structures are consistent with those characterized by Fanning and Vannice [3] and later incorporated into an oxidation kinetics model by El-Genk and Tournier [4]. Based on the predicted desorption mechanisms of carbon oxides from the identified compounds, it is expected that a majority of the graphite should gasify as carbon monoxide (CO) rather than carbon dioxide (CO₂). Therefore, to optimize the efficiency of thermal treatment the graphite should be heated to temperatures above the surface decomposition temperature increasing the evolution of CO [4].
Prior information in spatial analysis.

Formal statistical procedures which incorporate prior, or nonsample, information can be used to enlarge the theoretical and empirical content of analytical models, and can be widely applied to adapt general statistical procedures for special investigative situations which arise in the analysis of spatial data. A class of methods which operate by modifying the parameter space of general statistical models in accordance with prior information is presented in this paper. The prior information can be obtained from theoretical or empirical sources, and the models can be given Bayesian as well as non-Bayesian interpretations. The utility of the methods is demonstrated by applying them to estimate parameters for urban-population-density functions. The resulting estimates incorporate nonsample information on total populations as well as sample information on subarea densities. The logic of the population-distribution model is also extended to take account of possible growth processes by incorporating prior information derived from earlier distributions and by incorporating the characteristics of possible growth processes.
Outcomes after laser therapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity.

Abstract Objective To determine the anatomic outcomes of eyes treated with laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity and to identify potential risk factors for unfavorable outcomes after treatment. Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Intervention Photocoagulation of the peripheral avascular retina with an argon or diode laser indirect ophthalmoscope. Participants One hundred twenty eyes of 81 infants with threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated with laser photocoagulation from 1989 through 1997 with at least 12 months of follow-up after treatment. Main outcome measures The principal outcome was the presence of an unfavorable anatomic outcome defined as a retinal detachment, macular fold, or retrolental tissue. Results One hundred nine of 120 eyes (91%) had favorable outcomes. Eleven eyes (9%) had retinal detachments, and 1 of the 11 also had retrolental tissue. Zone 1 eyes appeared to be 3.3 times more likely to have an unfavorable outcome compared with zone 2 eyes, but the 95% confidence interval (0.8–14.5) did not support this statistically. Twenty-four of 109 eyes (22%) experienced dragging of the temporal vessels. Those with zone 1 disease were 13.7 times more likely to experience temporal dragging compared with zone 2 eyes (95% confidence interval, 3.3–57.2). Conclusions After laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity, 91% of eyes had a favorable anatomic outcome. Compared with zone 2 eyes, zone 1 eyes may be more likely to have temporal dragging of the retinal vessels. Laser therapy is effective in the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity.
The Burden of Depressive Symptoms in People with Schizophrenia

People with schizophrenia and concurrent depressive symptoms have poorer long-term functional outcomes compared with the nondepressed. Their poorer quality of life, greater use of mental health services, and higher risk of involvement with law enforcement agencies underscore a need for special treatment interventions. Treatment of the nonpsychotic dimensions of schizophrenia is a critical part of recovery. In a 3-year study, the depressed cohort was significantly more likely than the nondepressed to use relapse-related mental health services (emergency psychiatric services, sessions with psychiatrists); to be a safety concern (violent, arrested, victimized, or suicidal); to have greater substance-related problems; and to report poorer life satisfaction, quality of life, mental functioning, family relationships, and medication adherence. Furthermore, changes in depressed status were associated with changes in functional outcomes.
Voltage-dependent activation in purified reconstituted sodium channels from rabbit T-tubular membranes.

Abstract We have examined the voltage-dependent gating of batrachotoxin-modified sodium channels purified from rabbit T-tubular membranes in two ways. First, purified channels were reconstituted into planar bilayers and single-channel properties were measured. Batrachotoxin-activated channels showed steep voltage-dependent activation with half-maximal opening probabilities at potentials between -95 and -116 mV. The single-channel conductance (500 mM Na+ cis, 200 mM Na+ trans) averaged 20 pS and was independent of membrane potential. Channels usually inserted with their extracellular faces on the trans side of the bilayer; addition of tetrodotoxin to the cis side had no effect, whereas addition to the trans side blocked greater than 95% of channel openings at -77 mV. A second approach was used to establish that this voltage dependence was a characteristic of the entire population of purified channels and not just those few channels observed in planar bilayers. Channels reconstituted into egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles were functionally oriented by inclusion of internal saxitoxin; vesicle membrane potentials were then generated by K+ gradients in the presence of valinomycin. After batrachotoxin activation, Vm was altered by shifts of K+o. All of the specific 22Na+ influx activated by batrachotoxin and blocked by saxitoxin was found to be voltage sensitive, activating between predicted membrane potentials of -100 and -50 mV. The single-channel properties of the purified T-tubular sodium channel correspond closely to those seen with native sodium channels from rat sarcolemma. The voltage-dependent activation of the batrachotoxin-modified reconstituted channel is the same as that seen with native channels in situ or in bilayers after exposure to this toxin. Most importantly, this voltage-dependent gating is a property of all of the purified channels capable of specific pharmacological activation.
Connected Graded Gorenstein Algebras with Enough Normal Elements

We generalize [12, 1.1 and 1.2] to the following situation. Theorem 1.Let A be a connected graded noetherian algebra of injective dimension d such that every nonsimple graded prime factor ring of A contains a homogeneous normal element of positive degree. Then: (1) A is Auslander–Gorenstein and Cohen–Macaulay. (2) A has a quasi-Frobenius quotient ring. (3) Every minimal prime ideal P is graded andGKdim A/P = d. (4) If, moreover, A has finite global dimension, then A is a domain and a maximal order in its quotient division ring. To prove the above we need the following result, which is a generalization of [3, 2.46(ii)]. Theorem 2.Let A be a connected graded noetherian AS-Gorenstein algebra of injective dimension d. Then: (1) The last term of the minimal injective resolution of AAis isomorphic to a shift of A*. (2) For every noetherian graded A-module M,Extd(M, A)is finite dimensional over k.
ULTRASONIC IMAGING OF GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATION IN EMULSIONS

An ultrasonic imaging technique was developed to monitor gravitational separation in emulsions. A series of 20 wt.% corn oil-in-water emulsions (d32 = 1.32 μm), stabilized by a non-ionic surfactant, were prepared with different concentrations of xanthan in the aqueous phase (0–0.08 wt.%). Gravitational separation in these emulsions was then measured at 0 and 24 h using ultrasonic imaging. Data is presented in the form of two-dimensional images of the extent of creaming or as the variation of droplet concentratifon with emulsion height. Creaming was slow at low ( 0.02 wt.%) xanthan concentrations, but rapid at intermediate concentrations, because of the influence of xanthan on colloidal interactions and the rheology of the continuous phase. Additional measurements using ultrasonic spectrometry indicated that the droplets in emulsions containing high xanthan concentrations were flocculated, even though they did not cream. This study demonstrates that ultrasonic imaging is a powerful technique for non-destructive monitoring of creaming in concentrated emulsions.
Abstract 1048: Targeted BRAF therapy attenuates the promotional activity of estrogen in thyroid cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Thyroid cancer, which is three to four times more prevalent in women than men, is the most common endocrine-related cancer in the United States and its incidence has increased in the past three decades. Among various genetic lesions identified in thyroid cancer, the BRAF V600E mutation is found in 50% of papillary thyroid cancers and affords an opportunity for targeted drug therapy. Our laboratory identified estrogen as a promotional factor in thyroid cancer, as estrogen enhances proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells in vitro. Since the mitotic activity of estrogen is partially mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, we hypothesized that a targeted BRAF V600E inhibitor, PLX4032, would inhibit estrogen-mediated tumor-promoting activity. Results demonstrate that PLX4032 abrogates estrogen-induced increases in proliferation and invasion of BRAF V600E-mutated BCPAP papillary thyroid cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, this phenomenon was not observed in Nthy-ori 3-1 thyroid cells, which are wild-type immortalized thyroid cells without the BRAF V600E mutation. Expression of estrogen receptor is not modulated by PLX4032 treatment, indicating that PLX4032 targets signal transduction pathways in estrogen-responsive thyroid cells. PLX4032 down-regulates the expression of key signaling molecules of the BRAF pathway, including mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (p-MEK), extracellular-signal regulated kinases (p-ERK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in BRAF-mutated BCPAP cells and does not alter the expression of these signaling molecules in wild-type Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. These results demonstrate a direct interlinking of a genetic lesion amenable to drug therapy with the promotional activity of estrogen. These findings will lead to an evaluation of combinational therapy including anti-estrogens and PLX4032 in preclinical animal models and a subset of patients harboring the BRAF V600E mutation. Targeting growth-promoting signal transduction pathways constitutively activated by genetic lesions will ultimately aid in overcoming resistance to traditional radioactive iodine therapy in patients with specific mutations such as BRAF V600E. Citation Format: Elyse K. Hanly, Shilpi Rajoria, Andrea L. George, Robert Suriano, Jan Geliebter, Harry Pantelides, Edward J. Shin, Raj K. Tiwari. Targeted BRAF therapy attenuates the promotional activity of estrogen in thyroid cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1048. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1048
Effects of shock and anoxia on nucleotides and creatine phosphate in the isolated brain of the dog.

Surgically isolated canine brains were maintained with compatible donor blood from an extracorporeal perfusion system. Small samples of frozen cerebral cortex were removed with a newly-developed Freon cryoprobe and were analysed for acid-soluble nucleotides, creatine phosphate and inorganic phosphate. Most animals were in the early stages of shock unless they had received preoperative α-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (Dibenzyline). Values for high-energy phosphates were in the normal range only when the animal had been premedicated with phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride. During a 4-min period of anoxia (induced by blood which had been equilibrated with 95% N2 and 5% CO2), the cerebral cortex rapidly became iso-electric, and the levels of creatine phosphate and ATP decreased concomitantly with increases in levels of ADP and Pi. These electrical and chemical changes were rapidly and completely reversed by reoxygenation. The levels of high-energy phosphates provide a sensitive criterion of functional adequacy that may be more readily quantitated than cerebral electrical activity (EEG). EEG recovery did not correlate closely with rephosphorylation.
How Religious Content Matters in Conversion Narratives to Various Religious Groups

Even though considerable literature on conversions exists, there is a lack of literature comparing conversion processes in different religious groups. This paper is based upon an analysis of 50 conversion narratives to various religious groups using the narrative interview process of German sociologist Fritz Schutze. Narrative interviews are used to map the entire biography of a person, and its relation to the conversion experience. The interviews are analyzed using "constant comparison" according to "grounded theory." Based on this analysis, I propose that we consider personal biography, push and pull factors, religious content, life course agency, network influence, and the relationship between all these factors when interpreting conversion processes.
Modeling and Characterization of Transformers Internal Faults Using Finite Element and Discrete Wavelet Transforms

This paper investigates the behavior of three phase transformers with internal faults under sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal operating conditions. The terminal behavior of the transformer was investigated by coupling the finite element transformer's physical model with external electric circuit equations. Two types of internal faults were modeled turn-to-ground faults, and turn-to-turn faults with and without arcing. A discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) procedure was then used to extract the feature of the transformer fault currents. The key advantages of the DWT are its ability to provide a local representation of the current signal for normal and faulty modes, as well as its applicability to handle nonstationary fault signals. This characterization gives us an efficient way to design and evaluate detection algorithms for transformers internal faults and the system they operate in
Complexity Results on Learning by Neural Nets

We consider the computational complexity of learning by neural nets. We are interested in how hard it is to design appropriate neural net architectures and to train neural nets for general and specialized learning tasks. Our main result shows that the training problem for 2-cascade neural nets (which have only two non-input nodes, one of which is hidden) is {\mathscr NP}-complete, which implies that finding an optimal net (in terms of the number of non-input units) that is consistent with a set of examples is also {\mathscr NP}-complete. This result also demonstrates a surprising gap between the computational complexities of one-node (perceptron) and two-node neural net training problems, since the perceptron training problem can be solved in polynomial time by linear programming techniques. We conjecture that training a k-cascade neural net, which is a classical threshold network training problem, is also {\mathscr NP}-complete, for each fixed k ≥ 2. We also show that the problem of finding an optimal perceptron (in terms of the number of non-zero weights) consistent with a set of training examples is {\mathscr NP}-hard. Our neural net learning model encapsulates the idea of modular neural nets, which is a popular approach to overcoming the scaling problem in training neural nets. We investigate how much easier the training problem becomes if the class of concepts to be learned is known a priori and the net architecture is allowed to be sufficiently non-optimal. Finally, we classify several neural net optimization problems within the polynomial-time hierarchy.
Initial Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors at the Middle School Level

We reported findings of an exploratory validation study of a revised universal screening instrument: the Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) for use with middle s...
Ultraviolet emissions from Gd 3+ ions excited by energy transfer from pairs of photoexcited Er 3+ ions: upconversion luminescence from CsMgCl 3 crystals doped with Gd 3+ and Er 3+

Crystals of CsMgCl3 containing Gd3+ and Er3+ exhibit UV emissions from excited Gd3+ ions when the 4S3/2(E) (546-nm) and the 2H11/2(F) (522-nm) states of Er3+ are pumped by pulsed laser excitation. The Gd3+ long-lived emissions that appear at 281 nm (τ = 6 ms) and 313 nm (τ = 3 ms) are assigned to the 6I7/2(C) and the 6P7/2(A) states, respectively. The luminescence dynamics indicate that the excited Gd3+ ions are produced by cooperative energy transfer from excited pairs of Er3+ ions. Direct excitation of the 4G9/2(T) state of Er3+ at 277 nm is shown to sensitize the Gd3+ emission at 281 nm. Excitation spectra that are observed when pumping the Er3+ states while monitoring the Gd3+ emissions indicate that there are spectroscopically distinct Er3+–Gd3+ clusters with slightly different absorption energies and noticeably different emission dynamics.
Hydrophobicity of silicone rubber used for outdoor insulation

The objectives of this study on silicone rubber materials were: (1) to determine the threshold of low molecular weight (LMW) silicone polymer on the surface needed for hydrophobicity recovery, after it has been temporarily lost due to dry band arcing, and (2) to determine the dominant source of LMW chain regeneration after the initial supply has been depleted. The samples were obtained from new and artificially aged high voltage composite insulators using HTV silicone rubbers for weathersheds, and ceramic insulators using RTV silicone rubbers as a protective coating. The experimental techniques used were Crossover Voltage (COV), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Mapping (XRM), all performed in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicate that only a small fraction (10% to 20%) of the LMW polymer content present on an unaged material surface is needed for hydrophobicity recovery. The trend in the results was consistent for the different compositions of HTV and RTV silicone rubber materials evaluated. >
FPgen - a test generation framework for datapath floating-point verification

FPgen is a new test generation framework targeted toward the verification of the floating point (FP) datapath, through the generation of test cases. This framework provides the capacity to define virtually any architectural FP coverage model, consisting of verification tasks. The tool supplies strong constraint solving capabilities, allowing the generation of random tests that target these tasks. We present an overview of FPgen's functionality, describe the results of its use for the verification of several FP units, and compare its efficiency with existing test generators.
The Mt. Spurr eruption, July 9, 1953

The July 9, 1953 eruption of a subsidiary cone of Mt. Spurr, Alaska, is of particular interest because the initial phases were under close observation by the crews of two jet aircraft which were in the vicinity when the eruption started. Within one hour the eruption cloud assumed a mushroom shape which reached an altitude of approximately 70,000 ft. Extremely heavy rains accompanying the eruption, and water supplied by the melting of ice in the immediate vicinity of the vent, caused flash floods which carried sufficient debris to dam one of the major rivers in the area and form a lake nearly five miles long. A one-quarter-inch blanket of ash was deposited on the city of Anchorage, 80 mi from Mt. Spurr; but, in the opposite direction, no discoloration of snow fields and glaciers could be seen within two or three miles of the volcano. Observations of this eruption of Mt. Spurr particularly emphasize the importance of prevailing wind direction in the control of ash-fall distribution resulting from an eruption of this type.
Can This Resident Be Saved? Identification and Early Intervention for Struggling Residents

Received April 24, 2014; Revised June 17, 2014; Accepted June 18 From the Department of Surgery, Section of General Surgery, Div Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, bor, MI (Minter), Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN nington), Department of Surgery, Metabolic and Weight Loss D Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (Sudan), Div General Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, N TN (Terhune), Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, U of Texas Medical School, San Antonio, TX (Dent), and Departmen gery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Florida College of M Gainseville, FL (Lentz). Correspondence address: Rebecca M Minter, MD, FACS, Depart Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center D 5343, Taubman Center TC 2210D, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5343 rminter@umich.edu
A 4-kW 42-V induction-machine-based automotive power generation system with a diode bridge rectifier and a PWM inverter

In recent years, the electrical load demand in automobiles has been increasing steadily due to the usage of several subsystems to improve engine performance, passenger comfort and safety. The current production Lundell alternator is not able to meet the future growing power demand due to its inherent design limitations. Therefore, an efficient, high power generation system is needed to meet the growing electric power demand in automobiles. The recent trend to adopt the 42 V power system in automobiles allows one to add more subsystems in an efficient way. In this paper, a three-phase, 42 V, 4 kW, induction machine based automotive power generation scheme is proposed to meet the future electrical power demand in automobiles. This scheme uses a low cost diode bridge rectifier directly connected to the induction machine to transfer active power to the battery and the load. The excitation to the machine is supplied by means of a low power PWM inverter to control the output voltage of the generator connected to the diode bridge rectifier. This paper presents a new control methodology to regulate the output voltage of an induction generator directly connected to a diode bridge rectifier by controlling the auxiliary PWM inverter. The simulated performance results of a 4 kW, 42 V induction generator scheme at various speeds and loads are presented.