cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of depleted uranium on the health and survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca.

Depleted uranium (DU) has been used as a substitute for the fissionable enricheduranium component of atomic weapons tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) (Los Alamos, NM, USA) since the early 1950s, resulting in considerable concentrations of DU in the soils within the test sites. Although the movement of DU into major aquatic systems has been shown to be minimal, there are many small-order ephemeral streams and areas of standing water in canyons throughout LANL that may be affected by inputs of DU via runoff, erosion, and leaching. Ninety-six-hour acute and 7-d chronic toxicity assays were conducted to measure the toxicity of DU on survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia. A 14-d water-only assay was conducted to measure survival and growth of Hyalella azteca. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) to produce 50% mortality of the test population for the 96-h Ceriodaphnia dubia assay was 10.50 mg/L. Reproductive effects occurred at a lowest-observable-effect concentration ≥3.91 mg/L with a no-observable-effect concentration of 1.97 mg/L. The estimated 14-d LC50 for the Hyalella azteca assay was 1.52 mg/L. No significant relationship was detected between growth and DU concentrations. Concentrations at which toxicity effects were observed in this study for both invertebrates exceeded concentrations of total uranium observed in runoff from LANL lands. Thus, it is likely that current runoff levels of uranium do not pose a threat to these types of aquatic invertebrates.
On formal solutions to matrix version of a reduced Kac–van Moerbeke equation

Abstract In this paper we construct a family of formal power series––logarithmic solutions to a matrix non-linear differential-difference equation of both advanced and retarded type. In the scalar case, this equation represents a self-similar reduction of Kac–van Moerbeke equation. An interesting type of “non-resonance” conditions that guarantee the existence of formal power series––logarithmic solutions was determined.
Weakly bound complexes of sulfur trioxide: The structure of ArSO3 and the dipole moment of N2SO3

Microwave and radio frequency spectra of ArSO3 and radio frequency spectra of N2SO3 are measured by molecular beam electric resonance spectroscopy. Both complexes are symmetric rotors. The spectroscopic constants determined for Ar32SO3 are B=1449.089 (5) MHz, DJ=3.6 (6) kHz, and μ=0.2676 (3) D. For Ar34SO3, B=1439.090 (5) MHz. The stretching frequency of the weak Ar–S bond is 61. (5) cm−1, and the force constant is thus 0.059 (10) mdyn/A. The Ar–S bond length in ArSO3 is 3.350 (1) A. The Ar–S–O angle is found to be 90.5° (5), thereby indicating no significant out‐of‐plane distortion of the SO3 moiety. Preliminary assignment of the N2SO3 spectrum yields a dipole moment of 0.46 (1) D. Electric deflection studies show that (SO3)2 and (SO3)3 are polar species, while Xe2SO3 is not.
Multilayer cell-seeded polymer nanofiber constructs for soft-tissue reconstruction.

Importance Cell seeding throughout the thickness of a nanofiber construct allows for patient-specific implant alternatives with long-lasting effects, earlier integration, and reduced inflammation when compared with traditional implants. Cell seeding may improve implant integration with host tissue; however, the effect of cell seeding on thick nanofiber constructs has not been studied. Objective To use a novel cell-preseeded nanofiber tissue engineering technique to create a 3-dimensional biocompatible implant alternative to decellularized extracellular matrix. Design Animal study with mammalian cell culture to study tissue engineered scaffolds. Setting Academic research laboratory. Participants Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions The rats each received 4 implant types. The grafts included rat primary (enhanced green fluorescent protein–positive [eGFP+]) fibroblast-seeded polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen nanofiber scaffold, PCL/collagen cell–free nanofiber scaffold, acellular human cadaveric dermis (AlloDerm), and acellular porcine dermis (ENDURAGen). Rats were monitored postoperatively and received enrofloxacin in the drinking water for 4 days prophylactically and buprenorphine (0.2-0.5 mg/kg administered subcutaneously twice a day postoperatively for pain for 48 hours). Main Outcomes and Measures The viability of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cultured on PCL electrospun nanofibers was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Soft-tissue remodeling was examined histologically and with novel ex vivo volume determinations of implants using micro–computed tomography of cell-seeded implants relative to nanofibers without cells and commonly used dermal grafts of porcine and human origin (ENDURAGen and AlloDerm, respectively). The fate and distribution of eGFP+ seeded donor fibroblasts were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results Fibroblasts migrated across nanofiber layers within 12 hours and remained viable on a single layer for up to 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a nanoscale structure with a mean (SD) diameter of 158 (72) nm. Low extrusion rates demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility in vivo. Histological examination of the scaffolds demonstrated minimal inflammation. Cell seeding encouraged rapid vascularization of the nanofiber implants. Cells of donor origin (eGFP+) declined with the duration of implantation. Implant volume was not significantly affected for up to 8 weeks by the preseeding of cells ( P > .05). Conclusions and Relevance Polymer nanofiber–based scaffolds mimic natural extracellular matrix. Preseeding the nanofiber construct with cells improved vascularization without notable effects on volume. An effect of cell preseeding on scaffold vascularization was evident beyond the presence of preseeded cells. This 3-dimensional, multilayer method of cell seeding throughout a 1-mm-thick construct is simple and feasible for clinical application. Further development of this technique may affect the clinical practice of facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons.
The potential of meta-analysis and value transfers as part of airport environmental appraisal

Abstract Air transportation raises a number of environmental issues that need to be off-set against the benefits that it confers on society. The standard requirement that investments in additional airport capacity go through a rigorous cost–benefit analysis within the context of wider public consultation reflects societal concern about these impacts. The aim of this paper is to suggest that these cost–benefit assessments, and the enquiry procedure itself, may be speeded up and decisions be more consistent if more careful use were made of the knowledge that we already have from previous analysis. It looks at ways in which meta-analysis (the statistical assessment of results from prior studies) can assist in this process.
Stress concentrations around multiple fiber breaks in an elastic matrix with local yielding or debonding using quadratic influence superposition

Abstract A new computational technique, called the quadratic influence superposition (QIS) technique, is developed to study the stresses around arbitrary arrays of fiber breaks in a unidirectional composite loaded in simple tension, and consisting of elastic fibers in a matrix, which is either elastic-perfectly plastic or which can debond at the interface leaving residual friction. The method involves extending a recently developed break influence superposition (BIS) technique, where to model the behavior of damaged (yielded or debonded) matrix elements, we use special compensating shear stress profiles and develop the corresponding influence functions. The QIS technique appears to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient than other numerical schemes as the computation time is tied mainly to the amount of damage, and it is more accurate than a simpler version of this technique developed earlier. In illustrative examples, the method determines the Mode I fiber and matrix stress distributions around a “center crack” consisting of up to 31 contiguous fiber breaks. Incremental treatment is needed to establish the extent of the inelastic regions and the results, which achieve excellent agreement with exact shear lag analyses, clearly show that QIS calculated these correctly. Results show that the extent of the matrix damage region increases approximately linearly with applied load and nonlinearly with the number of breaks. The stress concentrations and overload profiles along nearby unbroken fibers are altered as compared to the fully elastic case with magnitudes reduced but length scales increased.
Biological basis for hyperthermia in cancer treatment

Controlled studies over the last 10-15 years have detailed some of the cellular effects of hyperthermia alone or in combination with other agents. This review describes advances in understanding the biological basis for hyperthermic cell killing and how it can interact with other modalities to improve cancer cell killing. Several problems that arise in the use of hyperthermia in cancer treatment are briefly discussed, namely, the induction of transient thermotolerance to that killing and difficulty in delivering and measuring heat doses to many body sites. >
Dynamic Interpretations of Constraint-Based Grammar Formalisms

We present a rendering of some common grammatical formalisms in terms of evolving algebras. Though our main concern in this paper is on constraint-based formalisms, we also discuss the more basic case of context-free grammars. Our aim throughout is to highlight the use of evolving algebras as a specification tool to obtain grammar formalisms.
SpoIIAA governs the release of the cell-type specific transcription factor sigma F from its anti-sigma factor SpoIIAB

The Bacillus subtilis transcription factor sigma F is a cell-type specific regulatory protein whose activity is governed by SpoIIAB and SpoIIAA and the nucleotides ATP and ADP. SpoIIAB is an anti-sigma factor that binds to sigma F in a manner that is stimulated by ATP, thereby trapping sigma F in an inactive complex. Alternatively, SpoIIAB binds to SpoIIAA in a manner that is stimulated by ADP to form a SpoIIAB.SpoIIAA complex in which SpoIIAB is sequestered from sigma F. SpoIIAB is also a protein kinase that uses ATP to phosphorylate, and thereby inactivate, SpoIIAA. Thus, ATP inhibits sigma F activity both by promoting formation of the SpoIIAB.sigma F complex and by phosphorylation of SpoIIAA. In extension of previous results, we use affinity chromatography to show that SpoIIAB is capable of forming long-lived complexes with sigma F and SpoIIAA and that the formation of these complexes is dependent on ATP and ADP, respectively. Using a DNA template lacking adenosine residues on the non-transcribed strand, we demonstrate that ATP is required for SpoIIAB-mediated inhibition of sigma F-directed RNA synthesis and that this inhibition is prevented by SpoIIAA in a manner that is stimulated by ADP. We show that ADP acts by protecting SpoIIAA from phosphorylation by SpoIIAB and that a mutant protein bearing an amino acid substitution at the site of phosphorylation in SpoIIAA is capable of preventing the inhibition of sigma F in a manner that does not depend on ADP. A principal finding from the investigation is that SpoIIAA restores activity to sigma F that had previously been inhibited by SpoIIAB. This is demonstrated both by the capacity of SpoIIAA to reverse SpoIIAB-mediated inhibition of sigma F-directed RNA synthesis and by its capacity to interact with and disrupt the SpoIIAB. sigma F complex. The results are consistent with a model in which sigma F is controlled by the cellular concentration of unphosphorylated SpoIIAA.
The diffusion of iron and chromium in beta uranium

Measurements of the diffusion of Fe/sup 59/ and Cr/sup 51/ in beta uranium from thin deposited layers are reported. Anomalies in the dnta were observed which could be explained by anisotropic diffusion in the beta phase. The D/sub Fe/ : D/sub Cr/ : D/sub self/ was found to be 1,900 : 160: 1 in beta uranium at 750 deg C, as compared with 120 : 13 : 1 in the gamma phase at 903 deg C. (D.L.C.)
Research perspective on school-based nutrition education

Abstract This review examined the major school-based nutrition education research studies conducted during the decade of the 1980s. General nutrition education studies were based primarily on a knowledge-attitude-behavior approach, while disease reduction/health enhancement studies were behaviorally oriented and generally based on social learning theory. Research designs and methodologies have been greatly improved, compared with previous reviews. A major finding was that most studies involved only 10-15 hours of instruction over a 3-15 week period. These short studies resulted in a positive effect on cognitive outcomes such as nutrition knowledge, diet-related skills, behavioral expectations, and self-efficacy. The effect on attitudes was inconsistent but generally positive. The impact of general nutrition education programs on behavior was minimal. The impact of the more specifically targeted behavioral programs was slightly more positive but still inconsistent. Programs that were several years in duration resulted in changes in dietary intakes and physiological parameters. Teacher preparation increased the time spent on nutrition education. Parent involvement enhanced classroom instruction for younger children, particularly when it was of sufficient intensity and duration. The educational impact of modifying school lunch menus has received little study. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
715-4 Thrombolytic Therapy During the “Golden Rrst Hour” in GUSTO

Data derived from thrombolytic trials performed during the placebocontrolled era have suggested that initiation of reperfusion therapy during the “golden first hour” after onset of infarction may dramatically reduce mortality and improve myocardial salvage. Pts presenting within 1 hr in these early studies may also have differed from those presenting later by having larger infarctions or more hemodynamic compromise; early therapy may thus compensate for the high-risk profile of these patients. To determine in a large contemporary cohort the extent to which early-treated pts differ with regard to baseline characteristics and clinical outcome from pts presenting later, 1269 pts (3.2% of total) randomized to 4 different thrombolytic regimens within 1 hr of symptom onset (mean 0.8 ± 0.2 hr) were compared with 38,562 pts treated between 1 and 6 hrs (mean 3.2 ± 1.6 hr) in GUSTO. l1 hr 1-6 hr l1 hr 1-6 hr Age (yrs) 60.1 60.9 Killip 3 or 4 (%) 2.1 2.0 Male(%) 78.8 74.8 Systolic BP (mm) 127 129 Prior Angina (%) 46.4 36.5 Pulse (bpm) 75 75 Prior MI (%) 20.7 16.1 Anterior MI (%) 43 39 Download : Download high-res image (77KB) Download : Download full-size image Pts receiving thrombolysis early (l1 hr) in the course of MI did not differ substantially with regard to severity of MI or any baseline clinical parameter from those presenting 1–6 hrs after symptom onset, except for a trend toward more frequent prior angina in the l1 hr group. Mortality (30-day) was 9% lower among the first hour pts (and not different between t-PA and SK groups) than among those treated later, comparable to the overall 14% mortality reduction by t-PA compared with SK in the main trial. Thus, despite the apparent existence of a “golden first hour” during early reperfusion trials, outcome following thrombolysis during the first hour in GUSTO was only modestly better than among patients treated later.
Cross-Condensation Reactions in an Organically Modified Silica Sol-Gel

High resolution29Si NMR has been used to study the extent of cross condensation taking place in a hybrid organic/inorganic sol-gel system. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS) sol-gels were chosen for this purpose. The sols were prepared by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS and MTEOS with a H2O/Si ratio of 0.3. 29Si NMR shows signals due to both self-condensation and cross-condensation between TEOS and MTEOS. Resonance assignments were made by comparing the positions and intensities of peaks in the spectra of single and multicomponent systems. It was found that, within experimental error, the self- and cross-condensation rates are equal and that extensive molecular level mixing takes place during the early stages of the reaction.
NN and πD reduced widths of dibaryon resonances

Abstract The reduced widths of the conjectured J = 2 + (2180) and J = 3 − (2220) dibaryon resonances in NN and πD channels are calculated.
Accessory sperm numbers for cattle inseminated with protamine sulfate microcapsules.

Abstract A study utilizing two morphologically distinct sperm populations in a heterospermic trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation on accessory sperm number in artificially inseminated cattle. Inseminates consisted of an equal number (100 × 10 6 ) of morphologically normal and tapered sperm. In reciprocal inseminates, one of the two sperm types was encapsulated in protamine sulfate microcapsules, and the other type was unencapsulated. Insemination of both sperm types that were unencapsulated served as the control. Thirty-one embryos were nonsurgically recovered 6 d postinsemination, and accessory sperm within the zona pellucida were counted and morphologically classified as normal or tapered. Microencapsulated sperm contributed 25.7% of the accessory sperm obtained for inseminates containing microcapsules. Microencapsulation did not affect the total number of accessory sperm per embryo; however, encapsulation did reduce accessory sperm for the specific sperm type encapsulated. The proportion of morphologically normal to total accessory sperm recovered were 65.8% when both sperm types were unencapsulated, 35.4% when normal sperm were encapsulated, and 80.6% when the tapered sperm were encapsulated. High accessory sperm numbers per embryo were related to embryo quality ( P
Occlusion Boundaries from Motion: Low-Level Detection and Mid-Level Reasoning

The boundaries of objects in an image are often considered a nuisance to be "handled" due to the occlusion they exhibit. Since most, if not all, computer vision techniques aggregate information spatially within a scene, information spanning these boundaries, and therefore from different physical surfaces, is invariably and erroneously considered together. In addition, these boundaries convey important perceptual information about 3D scene structure and shape. Consequently, their identification can benefit many different computer vision pursuits, from low-level processing techniques to high-level reasoning tasks. While much focus in computer vision is placed on the processing of individual, static images, many applications actually offer video, or sequences of images, as input. The extra temporal dimension of the data allows the motion of the camera or the scene to be used in processing. In this paper, we focus on the exploitation of subtle relative-motion cues present at occlusion boundaries. When combined with more standard appearance information, we demonstrate these cues' utility in detecting occlusion boundaries locally. We also present a novel, mid-level model for reasoning more globally about object boundaries and propagating such local information to extract improved, extended boundaries.
Bit-level two's complement matrix multiplication

We present a novel design of a bit-level matrix multiplier in which individual bits of a word do not have to be processed as a unit. In bit-level architectures the carry propagation delay is eliminated from the critical path. For example, in matrix multiplication, the carry chain of calculating the product of two numbers is broken by sending the partial sums and carries of the product to the accumulating operation instead of the whole finished word. In contrast, in a word-level matrix multiplier a product of two words has to be computed completely before it can be added to the next word-level product. Bit-level architectures for fixed-point matrix multiplication are proven to be O(logp) times faster than the corresponding word-level architecture, where p is the word length. The design is modified from our previous work to handle two's complement numbers as well. The design procedure is shown in detail by presenting the dependence graph, time and space mappings of our design. In addition, the time optimality and conflict-free properties of the design are also proven.
High aspect ratio nanoneedle probes with an integrated electrode at the tip apex

Many nanoscale characterization techniques require high aspect ratio nanoneedle probes with an integrated electrode that is electrically insulated everywhere except at the tip apex. We report the utilization of electron beam induced deposition, focused ion beam milling, and atomic layer deposition to fabricate such probes at the sub-100 nm length scale. This fabrication method is highly reproducible and enables precise control of the probe dimensions. Subsequent electrodeposition at the integrated electrode enables customized functionalization of the tip apex. These probes have clear applications in scanning electrochemical microscopy-atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, apertureless near-field optical microscopy, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
RECENT ADVANCES IN BRAIN CHOLESTEROL DYNAMICS : TRANSPORT, DOMAINS, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Major advances in understanding cholesterol dynamics and the role that cholesterol plays in vascular disease have recently been made. The brain is an organ that is highly enriched in cholesterol, but progress toward understanding brain cholesterol dynamics has been relatively limited. This review examines recent contributions to the understanding of brain cholesterol dynamics, focusing on extracellular and intracellular lipid carrier proteins, membrane cholesterol domains, and emerging evidence linking an association between cholesterol dynamics and Alzheimer's disease.
Self-esteem, emotional distress and sexual behavior among adolescent females: Inter-relationships and temporal effects

Abstract Purpose The current analyses attempt to clarify the relationship between psychological factors and sexual behavior. We test a model examining relationships between sexual history (e.g., age at initiation, partner history) and self-esteem and emotional distress (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, hostility) and their impact on future sexual risk behavior (e.g., unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners). Methods The current analyses included 155 sexually active adolescent females, aged 14–19 years, who participated in the first two waves of a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted disease (STD) and pregnancy risk. The Rosenberg Self-esteem scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and three subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory (depression, anxiety, hostility) and a variety of self-report measures of sexual history and sexual behavior were administered. Structural equation modeling using LISREL 8.51 was used to assess the proposed model. Results Our model exhibited adequate fit and demonstrated that sexual history reported retrospectively at baseline was related to self-esteem and emotional distress also measured at baseline. These variables predicted sexual risk behavior measured 6 months later. Adolescents who had lower self-esteem at baseline reported initiating sex earlier and having had risky partners. Alternatively, adolescents with more emotional distress at baseline were less likely to have had a previous STD, had more partners per year of sexual activity and a history of risky partners. Self-esteem influenced subsequent unprotected sex and emotional distress influenced subsequent multiple partners. Conclusions This model suggests that self-esteem and emotional distress have contrasting relationships with sexual behavior and demonstrates the importance of the temporal nature of these variables. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Destruction of Listeria monocytogenes by heat in ground pork formulated with kappa-carrageenan, sodium lactate and the algin/calcium meat binder

Uncured or cured ground pork (15% fat) was inoculated with a composite of nine strains of Listeria monocytogenes (10 7 –10 8 cfu g −1 ) and mixed with kappacarrageenan (1%) or sodium lactate (3% of a 60% solution). The meat curing mixture consisted of 2·-5% sodium chloride, 1% dextrose, 0·4% sodium phosphates, 0·0156% sodium nitrite and 0·055% sodium erythorbate. Uncured ground pork was also mixed with the algin/calcium meat binder (0·4% sodium alginate, 0·075% calcium carbonate and 0·6% encapsulated lactic acid I calcium lactate). Portions of the inoculated meat of each treatment were placed into baby food jars (140 ± 5 g/jar), and cooked in a waterbath (65°C) to 62°C final internal temperature. Heating rates were similar among treatments with different additives, and kappa-carrageenan and sodium lactate had no major effect ( P > 0·05 ) on the extent of thermal destruction of L. monocytogenes in uncured ground pork, but kappa-carrageenan lessened the protective effect of the curing mixture against thermal inactivation in cured products. The algin/calcium meat binder did not affect the extent of destruction of L. monocytogenes by heat.
Grain growth kinetics in olivine aggregates

Abstract Grain growth kinetics were studied in hot-pressed fine-grained olivine aggregates. Experimental conditions include pressures of 0.1 MPa, 300 MPa and 1 GPa, and temperatures of 1473, 1573 and 1673 K, with or without the presence of water. At the initial stage of grain growth, growth of larger grains occurs rapidly, consuming smaller grains, which results in significant pore entrapment. Almost homogeneous grain-size distribution is established in this process. After this stage, grain-size distribution remains almost homogeneous in most cases. It was found that the presence of water enhances the grain growth kinetics when the amount of water is limited. However, when the amount of water is large, the water-containing pores significantly inhibit the grain boundary migration. Therefore the enhancement of grain growth due to the presence of water is due to the role of dissolved water in olivine rather than the mass transport through water. Abnormal grain growth was found in some samples. In these cases, normal grain growth was inhibited by the presence of a significant amount of water-filled pores, or grains with significantly larger size than the rest occurred in the starting materials. In 0.1 MPa runs, significant porosity developed and the grain growth rates were significantly lower than in those at high confining pressures. These results show that both water and pores have important effects on grain growth kinetics in olivine. When the effects of pores (or secondary phases) in inhibiting grain growth are unimportant, the grain growth rate in olivine is very fast: growth to 100 μm size will occur in 102 to 103 hours at 1500 K. Thus fine grain size in olivine will be maintained only for a short geological time, unless the grain boundaries are effectively pinned by secondary particles.
Learning and knowing collectively

Abstract Scholars from multiple epistemic communities using a variety of models and approaches are working together to understand climate change, biodiversity loss, and other large-scale phenomena stemming from how people interact with the environment. No single model is adequate, no single mind can grasp the multiple models and their numerous implications. Yet collectively, scientists are putting the parts together and reaching a shared understanding. How is this happening, how can it be done better, and what are the implications for ecological economics?
Himasthla quissetensis: Uptake and utilization of glucose by rediae as determined by autoradiography and respirometry

Abstract Daughter rediae of Himasthla quissetensis removed from the digestive gland of Nassarius obsoletus were placed in sterilized seawater fortified with antibiotics. When [ 3 H]-glucose was added to this medium and autoradiographs were made after 3, 9, and 24 hr of exposure, labeling was observed associated with the redial walls and developing germ balls and cercariae within the brood chambers. Respirometric determinations on starved rediae suspended in the seawater medium with and without glucose revealed the rate of oxygen utilization by rediae exposed to exogenous glucose is significantly elevated. These results are interpreted to mean that the daughter rediae of H. quissetensis can take up and utilize glucose.
Vitamin D Metabolism in Ruminants and Its Relevance to the Periparturient Cow

Abstract Complexity of vitamin D metabolism and its interaction with calcium-regulating hormones in ruminants have received little attention. Data of this report focus on the uniqueness of the bovine in its metabolism of vitamin D. Also, control of vitamin D metabolism in the periparturient cow and the ultimate mode of action of the steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at its target tissues relative to the onset of parturient paresis are reviewed.
Three-dimensional placement of the conserved 530 loop of 16 S rRNA and of its neighboring components in the 30 S subunit.

Nucleotides 518-533 form a loop in ribosomal 30 S subunits that is almost universally conserved. Both biochemical and genetic evidence clearly implicate the 530 loop in ribosomal function, with respect both to the accuracy control mechanism and to tRNA binding. Here, building on earlier work, we identify proteins and nucleotides (or limited sequences) site-specifically photolabeled by radioactive photolabile oligoDNA probes targeted toward the 530 loop of 30 S subunits. The probes we employ are complementary to 16 S rRNA nucleotides 517-527, and have aryl azides attached to nucleotides complementary to nucleotides 518, 522, and 525-527, positioning the photogenerated nitrene a maximum of 19-26 A from the complemented rRNA base. The crosslinks obtained are used as constraints to revise an earlier model of 30 S structure, using the YAMMP molecular modeling package, and to place the 530 loop region within that structure.
Salivary and Plasma IgA of Seizure Subjects Receiving Phenytoin

Immunoglobulin A, phenytoin, and protein were determined in plasma, unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva and stimulated and unstimulated parotid saliva from seizure subjects, aged 18 or more, who had ingested phenytoin for 1 year or more from controls. Patient subgroups with low plasma IgA and with gingival overgrowth were evaluated separately. Plasma and salivary phenytoin and ratios of salivary to plasma phenytoin concentrations corresponded to published reports. Plasma IgA was significantly decreased in the total patient group. However, salivary IgA expressed as the concentration or as the proportion of salivary protein, with one exception, was not significantly decreased in any type of saliva from the total patient group or subgroups. Significant phenytoin induced increases in salivary IgA were noted. IgA secretion rate by the parotid gland was significantly increased in the total patient group. This investigation does not indicate a deficiency of oral IgA from chronic phenytoin ingestion. Thus, it appears unlikely that decreased oral IgA with a consequent enhanced susceptibility to inflammation contributes to phenytoin associated gingival overgrowth.
Ruptured heterotopic pregnancy presenting with relative bradycardia in a woman not receiving reproductive assistance

We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy in a woman who had not undergone in vitro fertilization or any other reproductive assistance. The patient failed to mount a tachycardic response to hemorrhagic shock. Bradycardia is a well-established phenomenon in the setting of hemoperitoneum and particularly with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. This is a case of heterotopic pregnancy with relative bradycardia in a woman without predisposing factors for heterotopic pregnancy. We make suggestions on avoiding common pitfalls in the emergency department diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy. We also address the similar clinical presentations of heterotopic pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy with ruptured corpus luteum cyst.
Further characterization of the reassembly of creatine kinase and effect of substrate.

Abstract Upon exposure to 8 m urea, creatine kinase from rabbit muscle exhibited a rapid increase in intrinsic fluorescence and a rapid decrease in fluorescence polarization. Polarization changes were complete after 5 min, while fluorescence changes continued for at least 15 min. Fluorescence polarization changes accompanying reassembly were complex, and appeared to involve a concentration dependent reaction. Enzyme sampled at intervals during denaturation exhibited refolding kinetics displaying two first-order rate constants, the first dependent and the second independent of the duration of exposure to urea. There was evidence for an additional renaturation step, occurring within the mixing phase of the denatured protein with solvent. Reactivation kinetics and yield of reactivated enzyme exhibited a dependency upon length of exposure to denaturant. The exposure of renaturing creatine kinase to trypsin was shown to prevent further reactivation, and provided use of a method to determine reactivation rates at discrete intervals after initiation of reassembly. The presence of 2 m m MgADP during reactivation enhanced the rate of reactivation immediately after initiation of reactivation. Reactivation was not accelerated if nucleotide substrate was added after reactivation was initiated nor did nucleotide substrate increase the overall reactivation yield. The presence of MgADP also enhanced the rate of refolding at an early stage as judged by changes in intrinsic fluorescence and resistance to tryptic hydrolysis. While in addition to MgADP, creatine phosphate accelerated resistance by refolding creatine kinase to trypsin, according to the other criteria measured, the phosphagen substrates did not promote reactivation or renaturation. The unfolding-refolding studies and role of substrate in reassembly were consistent with a mechanism involving at least two steps, possibly involving cis-trans isomerization of proline. These data also supported the suggestion that the formation of the nucleotide binding region is an early event in the refolding of creatine kinase in vitro .
An acute dose of nicotine does not inhibit MAO B in baboon brain in vivo.

Abstract Tobacco smoke exposure has been shown to inhibit brain and platelet MAO B in animals and in humans. Though the mechanism(s) responsible for MAO B inhibition are not known, studies in rodents have shown that nicotine administration does not inhibit brain MAO B. In this study we investigated whether brain MAO B is also unaffected by nicotine in the living primate. Brain MAO B was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and deuterium substituted [ 11 C]L-deprenyl ([ 11 C]L-deprenyl-D2) in three baboons at baseline and 5 minutes after the injection of (−)-nicotine (0.3 mg administered intravenously). A three-compartment model was used to calculate the plasma to brain transfer constant K 1 which is related to blood flow, and λk 3 , which is a function of the concentration of catalytically active MAO B molecules. Nicotine administration did not produce significant changes in either of these parameters. This study in living baboons confirms previous studies in rodents and solidifies the notion that other mechanisms for MAO B inhibition observed in smokers need to be considered.
The dubious benefits of broader impact

Assessments of the wider value of research are unpopular. Proposed changes will only produce more hype and hypocrisy, says Daniel Sarewitz.
Melt Pool Temperature Control for Laser Metal Deposition Processes—Part I: Online Temperature Control

Melt pool temperature is of great importance to deposition quality in laser metal deposition processes. To control the melt pool temperature, an empirical process model describing the relationship between the temperature and process parameters (i.e., laser power, powder flow rate, and traverse speed) is established and verified experimentally. A general tracking controller using the internal model principle is then designed. To examine the controller performance, three sets of experiments tracking both constant and time-varying temperature references are conducted. The results show the melt pool temperature controller performs well in tracking both constant and time-varying temperature references even when process parameters vary significantly. However a multilayer deposition experiment illustrates that maintaining a constant melt pool temperature does not necessarily lead to uniform track morphology which is an important criteria for deposition quality. The reason is believed to be that different melt pool morphologies may have the same temperature depending on the dynamic balance of heat input and heat loss.
Ideals in the disk algebra

Abstract In this article, we determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a sum of closed ideals in the disk algebra to be closed. Essentially, the condition is that the generating inner functions must not simultaneously vanish in the sense used in the corona theorem. The proof uses interpolation properties of the disk algebra and Detraz' generalization of the corona theorem.
Microarray analysis of distinct gene transcription profiles in non-eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background Recent literature has indicated the feasibility of microarray analysis in the characterization of chronic sinusitis. We hypothesized that previously unexplored inflammatory mechanisms would be involved in the pathophysiology of noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (NE-CRSwNP) and that this technology could be used to identify the gene expression of these novel and previously known mediators. Methods Patients with CRSwNP failing medical therapy were prospectively enrolled and NP tissue was removed at time of surgery. NE-CRSwNP was diagnosed based on clinical parameters including absence of allergic disease and confirmed with histopathology showing lack of eosinophilic infiltration. Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts extracted from study and control patients were then subjected to microarray analysis using Affymatrix based chips. Validation of findings was then confirmed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Microarray analysis revealed activation of pathways involved in antigen presentation, cellular movement, hematopoiesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Previously unexplored genes of interest were identified and their differential regulation was validated via qRT-PCR. Our data showed up-regulation of innate inflammation genes (IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), hypoxia-induced inflammation 1alpha, and fibrosis (tenascin) and lack of up-regulation of genes associated with allergic, eosinophilic inflammation (IL-4 and IL-13). Additionally, the genes for CXCL1 and autocrine motility factor receptor were novelly identified to be up-regulated. Conclusion This study explores the utility of gene microarray technology in identifying unexplored targets of immune dysregulation in NE-CRSwNP. Furthermore, the data characterize the immunologic profile of NE-CRSwNP as it differs from other forms of CRSwNP, in particular, those known to be associated with eosinophilic inflammation.
LINEAR FEEDBACK EQUIVALENCE AND CONTROL OF AN UNSTABLE BIOLOGICAL REACTOR

A novel method for the feedback control of an unstable, continuous stirred tank bioreactor is described in this paper. The models considered describe the growth of a single microorganism on a single, rate limiting substrate. A theoretical discussion demonstrates that for models of this type, a global feedback transformation exists which linearizes the state response. Such a transformation is computed using the methods of Hunt, Su and Meyer (1983). A controller is computed using linear state feedback control, and an extended Kalman filter is used to estimate unmeasured state variables. Simulation results demonstrate satisfactory control behavior over a wide region of the phase plane.
Chapitre 4. Normativity and Biomedicine in the USA

Chapitre 4. La normativite et la biomedecine aux Etats-UnisLes normes juridiques qui gouvernent la biomedecine aux Etats-Unis sont en evolution constante – pour beaucoup d’entre elles au niveau du droit individuel des etats, plutot que du droit national, et sous forme de « droit coutumier » decisionnel, plutot que de droit legislatif ou administratif. Les principes de l’ethique medicale sont souvent source de ces normes, mais les valeurs americaines qui soulignent la liberte individuelle ont eu tendance a produire des principes juridiques qui accordent une reconnaissance plus importante a l’autonomie du patient que ce qui est traditionnel dans cette profession. Ce phenomene est bien illustre par la mise au point du « droit de mourir ». Cependant, il n’est pas clair dans quelle mesure la mise au point de ces normes juridiques peut effectivement modifier le comportement des medecins. Certes, dans le domaine du « droit de mourir », il semble evident que les medecins ne se sentent pas tenus par les souhaits du patient au point exige dorenavant par la loi.
The adrenal medulla may mediate the increase in pineal melatonin synthesis induced by stress, but not that caused by exposure to darkness.

As previously shown (Lynch et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]70, 1704–1707 [1973]), the activity of the enzyme serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) in the rat pineal increases when the animal is placed in darkness or is subjected to the stress of physical immobilization; partial sympathetic denervation (i.e., pretreatment of the animal with intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine [6-OHDA]) does not block either response. The present studies explored the roles of the pineal sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medullas in mediating these responses. The stress-induced increase in pineal NAT activity was blocked by bilateral adrenalectomy, but not by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy or by treatment with 6-OHDA (both of which potentiate the NAT response in normal rats and restore it in adrenalectomized ones). The increase in pineal melatonin content caused by immobilization was also blocked by adrenalectomy, but potentiated by pineal sympathetic denervation. In contrast, bilateral adrenalectomy did not affect the darkness-induced rise in pineal NAT activity, although pineal sympathetic denervation (by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy) did block this response. 6-OHDA pretreatment neither blocked the response to darkness nor restored it in ganglionectomized animals; thus, this treatment apparently fails to produce a complete pineal denervation. The pineal response to stress has previously been shown to be blocked byβ-adrenergic blocking agents. The present studies demonstrate thatα-adrenergic blockade (with phenoxybenzamine) potentiates this response in intact animals and restores it in adrenalectomized rats (possibly by acting presynaptically on receptors on pineal sympathetic terminals and thereby augmenting norepinephrine release). These observations show that the rat pineal organ normally receives information from two “channels”,i.e., trans-synaptically (from pineal sympathetic nerves) and via the circulation (from the adrenal medullas and, perhaps, from distant sympathetic nerves).
The Syllabus Quiz

We propose that a brief take-home syllabus quiz can be a catalyst for students to read and refer to their syllabus as a source of essential information about the class. In this article, we detail the development of such a quiz and provide evidence that students who complete a syllabus quiz have a better understanding of course policies than students who do not. A syllabus quiz may be especially valuable in introductory level courses, enhancing students' acclimation to the expectations of the instructor, the department, and the institution.
Incremental register reallocation

Current compiler technology performs extensive code transformations either to parallelize code or to perform optimizations that reduce space or time. The cost of the analyses for these transformations is high and is further magnified when edits are made, forcing complete recompilation. By extending the concept of incremental compilation to include fine-grained, high-quality target code generation, we develop techniques that reuse the information created by an optimizing compiler to incorporate program edits efficiently into optimized target code. Our techniques include developing models of register usage for both local and global register allocation schemes and algorithms for incrementally updating these structures in response to an editing change. Based on these changes, the target code is updated. As graph colouring is a widely accepted register allocation scheme, we present techniques to rebuild and recolour interference graphs incrementally. Results from experiments that compare the performance of the incremental target code generator with its non-incremental counterpart are reported, showing a saving when incorporating changes incrementally.
Correspondence recovery in 2-view mammography

Predicting breast tissue deformation is of great significance in various medical practice including diagnosis and surgery. In breast surgery, surgeons are often concerned with a specific portion of the breast, e.g., tumor, which must be located accurately. Clinically it is important to combine information provided by images from several modalities or at different times. However, images taken by various techniques are often obtained under entirely different tissue configurations, compression, orientation or body position. Hence, some form of spatial nonrigid transformation of image data is required so that the tissues are represented in an equivalent configuration. In this paper we propose finite element method (FEM) based strategy for correspondence identification between image features identified in two view mammography. The algorithm models breast compression during mammography and allows for correspondence recovery of 2D features found in two views and reconstruction of their 3D locations. The algorithm was tested on MRI and mammography images of triple modality phantom and limited set of mammographic images.
Shoulder function in patients undergoing selective neck dissection with or without radiation and chemotherapy.

Background. Shoulder function can be negatively affected during treatment of upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of selective neck dissection alone or in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Methods. We conducted an observational study in adults who underwent selective neck dissection for the treatment of upper aerodigestive tract cancer who were >6 months from completion of their therapy. Recurrent disease and use of flap reconstruction were part of the exclusion criteria. A modified Constant's score was used to evaluate shoulder function. Results. Thirty-four patients (42 selective neck dissections) met the inclusion criterion. Operated shoulder function was significantly (p < .001) decreased as compared to the nonoperated shoulder. There was no statistical difference in the total Constant's score, in the subjective or objective scores among selective neck dissection only, in the selective neck dissection plus radiation therapy, or in the selective neck dissection plus chemoradiation therapy. Conclusion. Selective neck dissection can have a negative effect on shoulder function despite spinal accessory nerve preservation. Adjuvant therapy does not contribute additional detriment to shoulder function. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011