cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The multiple equilibrium model for characterizing porous materials

Abstract In this work, a multiple-process equilibrium model was used to analyze gas-solid adsorption equilibria in the porous carbonaceous material, BPL. Methane was used as a non-polar gaseous probe molecule to study the adsorption process. This analysis provided adsorption capacities, n i , along with the associated equilibrium constants, K i , for the three processes needed to fit the isotherms. The temperature dependence of the K i allowed determination of the enthalpies of the adsorption processes, Δ H i . These enthalpies were greater than the heat of vaporization for methane but less than that usually associated with chemisorption processes. Simulated adsorption data were generated based on the methane analysis to determine the effect of pore size distribution on the analysis. It is concluded that, given a continuous distribution of pore sizes, a large number of adsorption processes is necessary to describe accurately the total adsorption. For heterogeneous distributions, as is observed in activated carbon materials, it is possible to resolve discontinuities in the distribution.
Animal models of autoimmune hepatitis

Animal models of autoimmune hepatitis have been important in defining pathogenic mechanisms, and they promise to aid in the evaluation of new molecular and cellular treatments. They have evolved from models based on crude liver homogenates that produced a transient hepatitis to models that express antibodies to human antigens, manifest liver-infiltrating T cells, persist for at least 3 months and develop fibrosis. Animal models allow the study of autoimmune hepatitis from its inception, and they can detail the progression of pathological events. Key imbalances in counter-regulatory mechanisms can be isolated and manipulated. Models can be humanized by the insertion of human genetic promoters and the expression of human antigens. Genetic engineering and preconditioning have been milestones in the evolution of animal models. Vaccination or infection of murine models with viral vectors carrying human antigens are the most recent developments. Animal models promise to extend the knowledge of etiological agents and improve treatment algorithms.
Extracellular microfibrils in development and disease

Fibrillins are the structural components of extracellular microfibrils that impart physical properties to tissues, alone or together with elastin as elastic fibers. Genetic studies in mice have revealed that fibrillin-rich microfibrils are also involved in regulating developmental programs and homeostatic processes through the modulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling events. A new paradigm has thus emerged whereby the spatiotemporal organization of microfibrils dictates both the cellular activities and physical properties of connective tissues. These observations have paved the way to novel therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting the life-threatening complications in human conditions caused by dysfunctions of fibrillin-rich microfibrils.
Intracutaneous vaccination of rabbits with the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) L1 gene protects against virus challenge

Abstract A DNA vaccine encoding the major capsid protein L1 of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) was constructed and administered intracutaneously (i.c.) to rabbits as supercoiled plasmids bound to gold beads using a specialized delivery device (“gene gun”). L1 DNA-vaccinated rabbits developed cellular proliferative responses to CRPV virus-like particles and developed high titered antibodies with neutralizing activity to CRPV. Following experimental challenge with CRPV, all of the L1 DNA-vaccinated rabbits, vs none of the controls, were protected from papilloma formation. These results demonstrate that i.c. vaccination of rabbits with the L1 papillomavirus capsid gene can induce antibodies that protect against subsequent papillomavirus infection.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and electroencephalogram in diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) that can be difficult to identify antemortem, with definitive diagnosis requiring tissue confirmation. We describe the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of a small cohort of 30 patients evaluated for RPD. Clinical and diagnostic measures were cross-sectionally obtained from 17 sCJD patients (15 definite, two probable), 13 non-prion rapidly progressive dementia patients (npRPD), and 18 unimpaired controls. In a subset of patients (nine sCJD and nine npRPD) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD)] were also obtained for the caudate, corpus callosum, posterior limb of the internal capsule, pulvinar, precuneus, and frontal lobe. Differences among groups were assessed by an analysis of variance. Compared to npRPD individuals, sCJD patients had cerebellar dysfunction, significantly higher CSF tau, “positive” CSF 14-3-3, and hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) that met previously established imaging criteria for sCJD. EEG changes were similar for the two groups. In addition, sCJD patients had significant decreases in DTI measures (MD, AD, RD but not FA) within the caudate and pulvinar compared to either npRPD patients or unimpaired controls. Our results confirm that CSF abnormalities and MRI (especially DWI) can assist in distinguishing sCJD patients from npRPD patients. Future longitudinal studies using multiple measures (including CSF and MRI) are needed for evaluating pathological changes seen in sCJD patients.
Kinetic mechanism of chlorpromazine inhibition of erythrocyte 3-O-methylglucose transport

Abstract The kinetic mechanism of chlorpromazine inhibition of erythrocyte hexose transport was investigated using the non-metabolizable glucose analog 3-O- methylglucose . It was found that chlorpromazine added to the external medium is a non-competitive inhibitor of both equilibrium exchange and net 3-O- methylglucose transport at pH 7.8, 15°C. The K i for equilibrium exchange is 76 ± 21 μM . When net efflux and equilibrium exchange were measured on the same population of cells the equilibrium exchange was 2.5-times the maximum net efflux. The percent reduction of 3-O- methylglucose flux by chlorpromazine is dependent upon chlorpromazine concentration and not 3-O- methylglucose concentration as expected for a non-competitive inhibitor. Equilibrium exchange and net efflux show the same extent of inhibition at each concentration of chlorpromazine evaluated. These results suggest that exchange and net efflux of 3-O- methylglucose in the human erythrocyte may share a common transport system.
The effect of matching comprehensive services to patients’ needs on drug use improvement in addiction treatment

Aims To examine whether need-service matching in addiction treatment leads to improvements in drug use, and whether treatment duration mediates those improvements. Design, participants, measurements This analysis utilizes prospective data from a US cohort of addiction treatment patients who reported service needs beyond core rehabilitative services (n = 3103). 'Drug use improvement' is the difference between the patient's peak drug use frequency (in days per month) in the year before intake and in the year after treatment. Overall and primary use of the major illicit drugs (heroin, powder or crack cocaine and marijuana) are considered separately. 'Need-service match' means that a patient rated a service as important at intake and reported its receipt during treatment. 'Percentage of needs matched' indicates the proportion of five service domains (medical, mental health, family, vocational and housing) so matched. Findings In mixed regression models controlling for multiple factors, a greater percentage of needs matched tended to improve primary (beta = 0.028, P = 0.09) and overall (beta = 0.049, P = 0.05) drug use in the follow-up year. Exclusion of treatment duration as a covariate doubled the magnitude of these coefficients. The benefits of matching were concentrated among the half of patients reporting needs in four to five rather than one to three domains, and were strongest among patients in long-term residential facilities. Addressing vocational and housing needs exerted the greatest effects. Conclusions Matching comprehensive services to needs is a useful addiction treatment practice, especially for high-need patients. Treatment duration might partially mediate its effect.
Developing eThread pipeline using SAGA-pilot abstraction for large-scale structural bioinformatics.

While most of computational annotation approaches are sequence-based, threading methods are becoming increasingly attractive because of predicted structural information that could uncover the underlying function. However, threading tools are generally compute-intensive and the number of protein sequences from even small genomes such as prokaryotes is large typically containing many thousands, prohibiting their application as a genome-wide structural systems biology tool. To leverage its utility, we have developed a pipeline for eThread—a meta-threading protein structure modeling tool, that can use computational resources efficiently and effectively. We employ a pilot-based approach that supports seamless data and task-level parallelism and manages large variation in workload and computational requirements. Our scalable pipeline is deployed on Amazon EC2 and can efficiently select resources based upon task requirements. We present runtime analysis to characterize computational complexity of eThread and EC2 infrastructure. Based on results, we suggest a pathway to an optimized solution with respect to metrics such as time-to-solution or cost-to-solution. Our eThread pipeline can scale to support a large number of sequences and is expected to be a viable solution for genome-scale structural bioinformatics and structure-based annotation, particularly, amenable for small genomes such as prokaryotes. The developed pipeline is easily extensible to other types of distributed cyberinfrastructure.
The suicidal DNA repair methyltransferases of microbes.

Summary Virtually every organism so far tested has been found to possess an extremely efficient DNA repalr mechanism to ensure that certaln alkylated oxygens do not accumulate in the genome. The repalr is executed by DNA methyltransferases (MTases) which repalr DNA O6-methylguanine (O6MeG), O4-methylthymine (O4MeT) and methylphosphotriesters (MePT). The mechanism is rather extravagant because an entire protein molecule is expended for the repalr of just one, or sometimes two, O-alkyl DNA adduct(s). Cells profit from such an expensive transaction by earning protection agalnst death and mutation by alkylating agents. This review considers the structure, function and biological roles of a number of well-characterized microbial DNA repalr MTases.
Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion: The Self-Reinforcing Link Between Economic Inequality and Mass Preferences

This article assesses the influence of income inequality on the public's policy mood. Recent work has produced divergent perspectives on the relationship between inequality, public opinion, and government redistribution. One group of scholars suggests that unequal representation of different income groups reproduces inequality as politicians respond to the preferences of the rich. Another group of scholars pays relatively little attention to distributional outcomes but shows that government is generally just as responsive to the poor as to the rich. Utilizing theoretical insights from comparative political economy and time-series data from 1952 to 2006, supplemented with cross-sectional analysis where appropriate, we show that economic inequality is, in fact, self-reinforcing, but that this is fully consistent with the idea that government tends to respond equally to rich and poor in its policy enactments.
Nanostructured hybrid hydrogels prepared by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and free radical polymerization

A new method to prepare nanostructured hybrid hydrogels by incorporating well-defined poly(oligo (ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether methacrylate) (POEO(300)MA) nanogels of sizes 110-120 nm into a larger three-dimensional (3D) matrix was developed for drug delivery scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (RITC-Dx) or fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-Dx)-loaded POEO(300)MA nanogels with pendant hydroxyl groups were prepared by activators generated electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) in cyclohexane inverse miniemulsion. Hydroxyl-containing nanogels were functionalized with methacrylated groups to generate photoreactive nanospheres. (1)H NMR spectroscopy confirmed that polymerizable nanogels were successfully incorporated covalently into 3D hyaluronic acid-glycidyl methacrylate (HAGM) hydrogels after free radical photopolymerization (FRP). The introduction of disulfide moieties into the polymerizable groups resulted in a controlled release of nanogels from cross-linked HAGM hydrogels under a reducing environment. The effect of gel hybridization on the macroscopic properties (swelling and mechanics) was studied. It is shown that swelling and nanogel content are independent of scaffold mechanics. In-vitro assays showed the nanostructured hybrid hydrogels were cytocompatible and the GRGDS (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) contained in the nanogel structure promoted cell-substrate interactions within 4 days of incubation. These nanostructured hydrogels have potential as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) impermeable to low molecular weight biomolecules and with controlled pharmaceutical release capability. Moreover, the nanogels can control drug or biomolecule delivery, while hyaluronic acid based-hydrogels can act as a macroscopic scaffold for tissue regeneration and regulator for nanogel release.
Unstable jet–edge interaction. Part 1. Instantaneous pressure fields at a single frequency

Despite its central importance, the pressure field at a leading edge has remained uncharacterized for the classical jet-edge interaction at a single predominant frequency. This investigation shows that the force, due to the integrated instantaneous pressure field on the edge, is located a distance downstream of the tip of the edge as much as one-quarter of a wavelength (λ) of the incident instability; this distance also corresponds to about one-quarter of the geometric length ( L ) between the nozzle and tip of the edge. Consequently, the traditional assumption that the phase-locking criterion for self-sustained oscillations can be expressed as a ratio of L /λ is inappropriate for low-speed jet flows, which have been of primary interest over the past two decades. The edge pressure field is made up of two regions bounded by the maximum amplitude at the onset of separation from the surface of the edge: a near-tip region (0 ≤ x /λ [lsim ] 0.1) where the amplitude drops to a minimum as the tip is approached; and a downstream region ( x /λ [gsim ] 0.1) where the amplitude varies as x −a . Since the drop in pressure in the near-tip region does not occur over a streamwise length commensurate with the length of the edge, imposition of a Kutta condition is inappropriate in simulations of the edge region. Moreover, in the near-tip region (0 [lsim ] x /λ [lsim ] 0.2), the pressure field is non-propagating; a wave-type representation is appropriate only downstream of this region. At the tip of the edge, occurrence of the pressure minimum is due to the minimum in fluctuating angle of attack a of the approaching shear layer, deducible from the velocity eigenfunctions of linear theory; correspondingly, flow separation occurs downstream of, not at, the tip of the edge. When the tip is displaced off centreline, there is a rise in a, giving a rise in tip pressure amplitude; nevertheless, the overall x − a amplitude distribution persists. This overall x − a (a ∼ ½) variation of the pressure amplitude commences downstream of the tip of the edge near the onset of flow separation, which leads to secondary-vortex formation; in turn, it is driven by development of the primary vortex in the unstable jet shear layer, having initially distributed vorticity. The role of this flow separation and subsequent secondary-vortex formation is, therefore, not to relieve a singularity at the tip of the edge; it is simply a consequence of growth of the primary vortex along the edge.
Investigation of Peak Pressure Index Parameters for People with Spinal Cord Injury Using Wheelchair Tilt-in-Space and Recline: Methodology and Preliminary Report

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the sensel window's location and size when calculating the peak pressure index (PPI) of pressure mapping with varying degrees of wheelchair tilt-in-space (tilt) and recline in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirteen power wheelchair users were recruited into this study. Six combinations of wheelchair tilt (15°, 25°, and 35°) and recline (10° and 30°) were used by the participants in random order. Displacements of peak pressure and center of pressure were extracted from the left side of the mapping system. Normalized PPI was computed for three sensel window dimensions (3 sensels × 3 sensels, 5 × 5, and 7 × 7). At least 3.33 cm of Euclidean displacement of peak pressures was observed in the tilt and recline. For every tilt angle, peak pressure displacement was not significantly different between 10° and 30° recline, while center of pressure displacement was significantly different (P < .05). For each recline angle, peak pressure displacement was not significantly different between pairs of 15°, 25°, and 35° tilt, while center of pressure displacement was significantly different between 15° versus 35° and 25° versus 35°. Our study showed that peak pressure displacement occurs in response to wheelchair tilt and recline, suggesting that the selected sensel window locations used to calculate PPI should be adjusted during changes in wheelchair configuration.
Ultra-wideband spectral analysis using S2 technology

This paper outlines the efforts to develop an ultra-wideband spectrum analyzer that takes advantage of the broad spectral response and fine spectral resolution (� 25 kHz) of spatial-spectral (S2) materials. The S2 material can process the full spectrum of broadband microwave transmissions, with adjustable time apertures (down to 100ms) and fast update rates (up to 1 kHz). A cryogenically cooled Tm:YAG crystal that operates on microwave signals modulated onto a stabilized optical carrier at 793 nm is used as the core for the spectrum analyzer. Efforts to develop novel component technologies that enhance the performance of the system and meet the application requirements are discussed, including an end-to-end device model for parameter optimization. We discuss the characterization of new ultra-wide bandwidth S2 materials. Detection and post-processing module development including the implementation of a novel spectral recovery algorithm using field programmable gate array technology (FPGA) is also discussed. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Multilayer aperture-coupled broadside microstrip lines

This paper describes new multilayer aperture-coupled broadside microstrip lines suitable for miniaturized microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs). The new transmission line structure is applicable to both loose and tight coupling applications. The quasi-static spectral domain method is used to determine both the c- and /spl pi/-mode characteristic impedances and effective dielectric constants. >
In vitro activity of sulfonamides and sulfones against Leishmania major promastigotes.

Abstract We examined the susceptibility of promastigotes of Leishmania major to sulfonamides and sulfones in vitro. In a completely defined medium only sulfamoxole, sulfaquinoxaline, and dapsone were inhibitory; the concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the rate of growth were 150, 600, and 600 microM, respectively. Eleven other sulfa drugs were ineffective at concentrations up to 2 mM. The growth inhibition was similar to that observed in procaryotes: the cells continued logarithmic growth for several cell doublings before inhibition was observed. Surprisingly, the addition of p-aminobenzoate or folate did not reverse the effects of the active sulfa drugs, the effects of sulfamoxole and methotrexate were additive rather than synergistic, and the addition of thymidine reversed methotrexate but not sulfa-drug inhibition. These results suggest that the mode of action of sulfa drugs on L. major is not by the classical route of inhibition of de novo folate synthesis. Promastigotes could be propagated for more than 40 passages in a completely defined medium in which the only added pterin was biopterin. The folate concentration in this medium was less than 10(-10) to 10(-11) M, as determined by a Leishmania bioassay. Although these data suggest that L. major may be capable of de novo synthesis of folate, the nonclassical mode of action of sulfa drugs, as well as other studies, favors the view that L. major is auxotrophic for folate.
Galanin fiber hypertrophy within the cholinergic nucleus basalis during the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Galanin (GAL)-containing fi bers enlarge and hyperinnervate remaining cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons within the anterior nucleus basalis (NB) in late-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether GAL hypertrophy occurs in the CBF in the prodromal or early stages of AD remains unknown. The present study used GAL immunohistochemistry and an unbiased semiquantitative scoring method to evaluate GAL innervation in the anterior NB of subjects clinically diagnosed as having no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment or earlystage (mild/moderate) AD. There was no difference in GAL fi ber staining within the anterior NB across the three clinical groups examined. Furthermore, GAL fi ber innervation was not correlated with the number of NB neurons expressing the nerve growth factor receptors p75 NTR or TrkA or with cortical choline acetyltransferase activity in the same cases. Single-cell gene expression analysis demonstrated that cholinergic NB neurons express mRNA for the GAL receptors GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3,
A neural network based image compression system

It is proposed that vector quantization be implemented for image compression based on neural networks. Separate codebooks for edge and background blocks are designed using Kohonen (1984) self-organizing feature maps to preserve edge integrity and improve the efficiency of codebook design. A system architecture is proposed, and satisfactory performance is achieved. >
Advances in Spectral Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access Communications

Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) has flourished as a successful wireless networking technology in mobile cellular telephony, and wireless local area networks (LAN) such as the unlicensed industry, science, and medicine (ISM) bands. The commercial exploitation of the benefits of CDMA raises the question as to whether optical code-based communications offer significant benefits to an optical network and what are the technologies that enable code-based optical networks. Recent investigations of optical CDMA (OCDMA) strategies have addressed this question through numerous laboratory-based test-bed studies of multiuser link and recent experimental field trials conducted on in-the-ground fiber. OCDMA requires its own physical layer technologies that are distinctly different from widely pursued wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) all-optical networks. Simulations of multiuser performance predict ultimate link capacity and the performance of broadcast and select synchronous nets with strong central management as well as asynchronous architectures with reduced centralized management.
Evaluation of Archaeological Sourcing Techniques: Reconsidering and Re-Deriving Hughes’ Four-Fold Assessment Scheme

As new analytical techniques are brought to sourcing studies and researchers compile data into multi-laboratory databases, systematic evaluation is essential. The importance of precision and accuracy is clear, but Shackley (2005) also calls for “archaeological accuracy.” Hughes (1998) offered a framework to consider precision and accuracy alongside the concepts of reliability and validity. These four concepts can serve as a foundation to evaluate archaeological sourcing data and procedures, but adoption of Hughes’ framework has been nearly nonexistent. Unfortunately, Hughes’ formulations of reliability and validity are somewhat at odds with their conventional definitions, hindering his framework. Furthermore, the concept of precision has become outdated in analytical circles, and superfluous terms (e.g., replicability) have emerged in the archaeological literature. Here I consider the basis of Hughes’ framework and how its four components, when applied consistently by the sourcing community, are best applied to evaluate analytical data and techniques for sourcing.
The Subdivisions of Theoretical Philosophy

There is still another interesting aspect connected with the realistic treatment of mathematicals by Iamblichus and Proclus. We mentioned several times that they both accepted a tripartition of being. We noticed that Iamblichus connected with this tripartition of being a tripartition of philosophy into theology, mathematics, and physics (cf. above p. 11). We know that these two tripartitions are “Aristotelian”, i.e. that they can be found in Aristotle’s Metaphysics and Physics. The tripartition of being is, as a rule, reported by Aristotle as Platonic (Met. A 6, 987b 1416; 28-29; Z 2,1028b 19-21; K 1,1059b6-8 ; but see also Met. K 1, 1059a38-1059b2; Phys. III 5,204a35-204b2 with Ross' note a.l.) ; the tripartition of theoretical philosophy he professes as his own doctrine.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alfa-n3: A multicenter, randomized, open-label trial

We studied the antiviral effectiveness and safety of interferon alfa-n3, a natural alpha interferon which contains multiple interferon species, in the treatment of previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. Seventy-seven patients were randomized to receive either 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 million units (MU) of interferon alfa-n3 three times a week for 24 weeks and were then followed for an additional 24 weeks. At the end of therapy, 67% of patients in the 10 MU group normalized serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and 59% had no hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA detected by polymerase chain reaction. At the end of the follow-up period, 44% of patients in the 10 MU group maintained normal ALT, and 24% had nondetectable HCV RNA. Lower doses were much less effective. Interferon alfa-n3 was well tolerated and no patient developed neutralizing anti-interferon antibodies during or after the treatment period. Interferon alfa-n3 appears to be effective against hepatitis C virus and deserves further study in larger randomized controlled trials.
An estimate for the number of bound states of the Schrodinger operator in two dimensions

For the Schrodinger operator -Δ + V on R^2 be the number of bound states. One obtains the following estimate: N(V) ≤ 1 + ∫_(R^2)∫_(R^2)|V(x)|V(y)|C_(1)ln|x-y|+C_2|^2 dx dy where C_1 = -1/2π and C_2 = (ln2-γ)/2π (γ is the Euler constant). This estimate holds for all potentials for which the previous integral is finite.
Experimental characterization of a micro-scale thin film evaporative cooling device

A MEMS-NEMS cooling device based on gas-assisted, thin-film evaporation and its experimental performance characterization are presented, aiming to dissipate large heat fluxes at low junction temperature for thermal management of hot spots in microprocessors. The salient feature of this cooling scheme that distinguishes it from other currently used microfluidic cooling techniques is an efficient combination of heat and mass transfer modes to maximize the rate of convective heat transfer and phase change via evaporation, which enable dissipation of very large heat fluxes. In order to make this possible, a thin film of coolant (∼15 µ;m) is maintained by capillary action over the hotspot by using a thin (∼ 10 µm) nanoporous membrane. This results in minimizing the thermal resistance offered by the thin film. In addition, jet impingement of dry air over the membrane enhances evaporation rate by reducing the mass transfer resistance for transport of vapor phase from the liquid-vapor interface to the ambient. In this paper, design and performance results obtained from experimental testing of a microfabricated device are discussed, demonstrating the heat transfer coefficients approaching 0.1 MW/m2K, while maintaining surface temperatures well below the saturation temperature of the working fluid.
The potential contribution of organic salts to new particle growth

Abstract. Field and lab measurements suggest that low-molecular weight (MW) organic acids and bases exist in accumulation and nucleation mode particles, despite their relatively high pure-liquid vapor pressures. The mechanism(s) by which such compounds contribute to the mass growth of existing aerosol particles and newly formed particles has not been thoroughly explored. One mechanism by which low-MW compounds may contribute to new particle growth is through the formation of organic salts. In this paper we use thermodynamic modeling to explore the potential for organic salt formation by atmospherically relevant organic acids and bases for two system types: one in which the relative contribution of ammonia vs. amines in forming organic salts was evaluated, the other in which the decrease in volatility of organic acids and bases due to organic salt formation was assessed. The modeling approach employed relied heavily on group contribution and other estimation methods for necessary physical and chemical parameters. The results of this work suggest that amines may be an important contributor to organic salt formation, and that experimental data are greatly needed to improve our understanding of organic salt formation in atmospherically relevant systems and to accurately predict the potential contribution of such salts to new particle growth.
Multiple authorship: Issues and recommendations

The increase in multidisciplinary research has led to a subsequent expansion of multiple authored articles in nursing as well as other disciplines. Although there are benefits to multiple authorship, there also are areas of possible conflict. The lack of adequate guidelines to address issues that may arise from multiple authorship heightens the possibility of disputes. Developing a blueprint for the preparation and presentation of papers emanating from a research team's work early in the project can avoid conflicts and ensure that the efforts of the appropriate individuals are reflected in the publications. This article discusses several issues related to authorship, including the assignment of authorship credit, the increased pressures to publish, and the complexity of authorship issues associated with multisite studies. The authors offer recommendations to reduce problems that may arise among members of a research team because of authorship issues. In addition, they include the guidelines that their multidisciplinary research team developed early in their project.
Maternal Postadoption Depression, Unmet Expectations, and Personality Traits

Background:There are approximately 2 million adoptive parents in the United States and some struggle with depressive symptoms postplacement. We know little about personality traits that may be asso...
Presentations and Outcomes of Children With Intraventricular Hemorrhages After Blunt Head Trauma

isolated IVHs (ie, with intracranial injuries on computed tomography), and 10 of 1156 (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.4%1.6%) had isolated IVHs. Only 4 of 43 (9.3%) of those with nonisolated IVHs had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 14 to 15, and all 10 (100.0%) with isolated IVHs had GCS scores of 15. No patients with isolated IVHs required neurosurgery or died. One patient had moderate overall disability (by the POPC score), and no patient had moderate or severe disability at discharge (by the PCPC score). Of the 43 patients with nonisolated IVHs, however, 16 (37.2%) died and 18 (41.9%) required neurosurgery. In 27 patients (62.8%), injuries ranged from moderate overall disability to brain death by the POPC score. Conclusions: Children with nonisolated IVHs after BHT typically present with GCS scores of less than 14, frequently require neurosurgery, and have high mortality rates. In contrast, those with isolated IVHs typically present with normal mental status and are at low risk for acute adverse events and poor outcomes.
Juvenile Female and Male Sex Offenders A Comparison of Offender, Victim, and Judicial Processing Characteristics

This research examines 61 juvenile female sex offenders in terms of their offending patterns, demographics, and victim characteristics; these findings are compared to 122 juvenile male sex offenders. Relying on sex offender registration data and criminal history records, bivariate analyses are conducted to assess male-female differences. Logistic regression is also employed to further assess group membership (male and female). Females were typically younger than males at the time of their arrest for a sex offense. Female offenders also chose male and female victims proportionately, whereas males were more likely to choose female victims. Logistic regression analysis revealed two significant predictors of the offender's sex: victim's sex and length of sentence. This research, therefore, indicates different modalities of offense characteristics for males and females, which predicates different management strategies in terms of identification for these groups of offenders.
Tracking Nanometer-Scale Fluorescent Particles in Two Dimensions With a Confocal Microscope

A system for tracking multiple nanometer-scale fluorescent particles in a confocal microscope and an experimental validation is described. Position estimates of an individual fluorescent particle are generated from fluorescence intensity measurements taken at a small number of discrete locations. Tracking is achieved by combining the estimation procedure with a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) regulator. Multiple particles are tracked by combining the models for individual particles into a single system, applying the same LQG framework, and then cycling the control through each subsystem in turn. Experimental results are presented for single and multiple particles. For validation purposes, during each experiment images from a charge-coupled device camera were captured and analyzed offline using a standard Gaussian fit method. The estimated trajectories were in good agreement with those produced by the LQG algorithm, thereby verifying the tracking scheme.
Cellular Adhesion and Cell Surface Receptors

The central function of fibronectins is in the adhesion of cells to extracellular materials. Their involvement in this function came to light in several different ways. The first was during analyses of cell adhesion to plastic, glass, and extracellular matrix materials, especially collagen. The extensive background work in this area is reviewed by Grinnell (1978), Culp (1978), and Kleinman et al (1981a). By the mid-1970s it was becoming clear that a likely candidate for a major role in cell adhesion was a serum protein, later shown to be pFN. In parallel with these studies, the discovery of the loss of cFN from transformed cells (Chapter 12) also led to the realization that cFN plays a role in adhesion. At the time it was not clear that the two proteins were as closely related as we now realize and difficulties in purifying intact and pure FN delayed a clear understanding for a while. However, it is now certain that either cFN or pFN, or in some cases both, are major ligands between cells and extracellular materials in many situations.
California’s Early ACA Expansion Increased Coverage And Reduced Out-Of-Pocket Spending For The State’s Low-Income Population

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded eligibility for Medicaid to millions of low-income adults. While many expanding states implemented their expansion in 2014, five states and the District of Columbia expanded eligibility as early as 2010 by taking advantage of provisions in the ACA and Medicaid waivers. We used restricted data from the National Health Interview Survey to examine the impact of California's Low Income Health Program, an early expansion program that began in 2011. Our study demonstrates that the county-by-county rollout of expanded public insurance coverage in California significantly increased coverage, by 7 percentage points, and significantly reduced the likelihood of any family out-of-pocket medical spending in the previous year, by 10 percentage points, among low-income adults.
Role of supportive maintenance therapy on implant survival: a university‐based 17 years retrospective analysis

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether professional maintenance appointments were related to a decrease on dental implant loss. Methods We performed a retrospective review (1995–2012) of 1020 patient dental charts to collect data including a cadre of different variables such as age, gender, race, diabetes, osteoporosis, jaw location, implant dimensions and professional maintenance therapy. As a patient may have multiple implants which are correlated, we selected one random implant per patient to assure independence of observations assumption of the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Data analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results Our results demonstrate that subjects with no maintenance had the lowest cumulative survival rate as compared to subjects with regular maintenance. In a multivariate Cox regression model, regular maintenance patients had the dental implant failure rate reduced by 90% as compared to no maintenance (P = 0.001). If patients had less than one maintenance visit per year, the failure rate was reduced by 60% as compared to no maintenance, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Conclusion From this research, we conclude that a professional administered periodontal maintenance at least on an annual basis is a critical factor for implant survival.
Selective Reduction of NOx in Oxygen Rich Environments with Plasma-Assisted Catalysis: The Role of Plasma and Reactive Intermediates

Catalytic activity of selected materials (BaY and NaY zeolites, and g-Alumina) for selective NOx reduction in combination with a non-thermal plasma was investigated. Our studies suggest that aldehydes formed during the plasma treatment of simulated diesel exhaust are the important species for the reduction of NOx to N2. Indeed, all materials that are active in plasma-assisted catalysis were found to be very effective in the thermal reduction of NOx in the presence of aldehydes. For example, the thermal catalytic activity of a BaY zeolite with aldehydes gives 80-90% NOx removal at 250 C with 200ppm NOx at the inlet, 1000ppm of C1 as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde, and SV=12,000 h?. The hydrocarbon reductants, n-octane and 1-propyl alcohol have also shown high thermal catalytic activity for NOx removal over BaY, NaY and g-alumina. We believe that this activity is due to the fact that in an oxygen rich environment these compounds can be thermally oxidized over the catalysts to form the important aldehyde reaction intermediates.
Phase boundary computation for Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery

Distribution networks that supply large numbers of induction motors are vulnerable to Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery. This phenomenon is usually triggered by a transmission fault but results in a delayed recovery of voltages in the distribution feeder, usually taking several seconds for a return to pre-fault conditions, if at all. The general mechanism underlying this delayed recovery arises from the coupled nonlinear dynamics of induction motors stalling. It is important to establish the phase boundary that separates parameters that lead to stalled versus unstalled motor states. This paper develops a novel algorithm, based on shooting methods and Euler homotopy continuation, for obtaining the phase boundaries. It forces a trajectory to spend a fixed amount of time near an unstable equilibrium, and then increases that time until the trajectory approaches the unstable equilibrium point arbitrarily closely. This technique does not require prior knowledge of the unstable equilibrium point. Numerically computed phase boundaries, in terms of induction motor moments of inertia, fault clearing times, and nonhomogeneous networks are presented. The techniques are formulated in generality, and could be applied to compute phase boundaries for a large class of dynamical systems.
Textual Notes on Salvian

Quelques notes de critique textuelle sur le De Gubernatione Dei et le Ad Ecclesiam de Salvien, dans les editions de F. Pauly (Vienne, 1883), C. Halm (Berlin, 1877, reed. 1961), Migne PL 53, et les traductions d'E. M. Sanford (New York, 1930), J. F. O'Sullivan (New York, 1947), A. Helf (Allemagne, 1877), Sources chretiennes 176, 220 (Paris, 1971-75).
Suppressed in vitro blastogenic responsiveness of rat spleen cells after continuous infusion of endotoxin by an implanted osmotic pump.

~~ ~~ A bstruct. Continuous infusion of a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin in relatively small doses into rats by means of an implanted osmotic pump was studied. The model system was designed to examine the effects of endotoxin on the blastogenic response of spleen cells to the endotoxin itself and to a nonspecific T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). Rats were implanted with an osmotic pump which delivered saline for the first 42 hr to provide postsurgical recovery before the onset of endotoxin infusion. Previous studies had shown that during the first 1-4 days after administration of endotoxin marked alterations of metabolism and some changes in physiologic parameters such as blood pressure and in vitro myocardial performance occurred. In the present study the blastogenic responsiveness of spleen cells to endotoxin itself as well as to the nonspecific T-cell mitogen Con A was markedly decreased after several days of continuous administration of endotoxin. Control animals receiving only saline for the same period of time showed a similar depression of blastogenic responsiveness to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as to Con A, however, with a delay of 2-4 days before comparable levels of suppression became evident. These results indicate that marked alterations of immune competence as measured by blastogenesis of spleen cells to Escherichia coli LPS and to a mitogen such as Con A may occur after implantation of an osmotic pump, with or without continuous infusion of endotoxin. Further studies seem warranted to determine the role of the foreign body reaction to the osmotic pump as well as to the endotoxin administered by the pump. 0 1987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Dynamic Interactions Between the Vadose and Phreatic Zones During Breaking Solitary Wave Runup and Drawdown Over a Fine Sand Beach

The objective of this work is to investigate the dynamic interactions between the vadose and the phreatic zones during breaking solitary wave runup and drawdown over a fine sand beach. Extreme wave runup and drawdown in the nearshore region can lead to soil failure in the form of severe erosion, liquefaction, or slope instability. However, the physics of the nearshore region is difficult to simulate numerically due to the greatly varying time scales between the four governing processes: loading and unloading caused by wave runup and drawdown, propagation of the saturation front, pore pressure diffusion, and soil consolidation. Such processes are also difficult to simulate experimentally via model-scale wave tank studies due to the inability to satisfy all the similarity requirements for both the wave and the porous media in a 1g environment. Hence, the goal of this work is to perform a 1D study using a multiphase model to describe the transient responses of the species saturation, pore fluid pressure, effective stresses, and skeleton deformation. Results are shown for three simulations: (1) full-scale simulation, (2) 1:20 laboratory-scale simulation without scaling of the porous media, and (3) 1:20 laboratory-scale with consistent scaling of the soil permeability. The results suggest that the scaling of porous media between the pore fluids and soil skeleton has a significant influence on the transient response of both the vadose and the phreatic zones.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Guidelines for Beamline and Front-End Radiaton Shielding Design at the Advanced Photon Source, Rev. 6

The report summarizes the radiation shielding recommendations for APS beamlines and Front-ends.
Observation of Z≥1 Particles below 300km Near the Geomagnetic Equator

Precipitation of low energy protons (-1MeV) at low equatorial altitude has been investigated by the Phoenix-1 experiment on board the S81-1 mission. Results of the analysis of data received by the monitor telescope and their geophysical interpretation are presented. Seven months long observation during geomagnetic average conditions in May through early December of 1982 shows that the peak precipitation of protons occurs along the line of minimum magnetic field strength. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) is nearly 13°. The particle flux shows a strong altitude dependence, and below 220km it shows double peak structures. Spectral index of the precipitation flux has been obtained from the data of previous observations. Further, peak precipitation flux in 1982 is almost three times as large as peak precipitation flux in 1969. Charge exchange mechanism favors a stronger source than AP8MAX model. Particle flux does not depend on geomagnetic longitudes. Finally, investigations into the presence of Z≥2 particles show that they are virtually absent in the energy range considered.
Thermodynamic-Level Description of Chemical, Electrochemical, and Ion Transport Mechanisms

One of the few chemical systems for which concentration fluctuations have been measured is the association-disassociation reaction of beryllium and sulfate ions in aqueous solution. Earlier, using conventional fast-reaction techniques, the mechanism of association was deduced to consist of the two elementary reactions $$ {\text{Be}}_{{\text{aq}}}^{2 + } + {\text{SO}}_{4{\text{aq}}}^{2 - } \rightleftarrows {\text{Be}}_{{\text{aq}}}^{2 + } {\text{SO}}_{4{\text{aq}}}^{2 - } $$ (5.1.1) $$ {\text{Be}}_{{\text{aq}}}^{2 + } + {\text{SO}}_{4{\text{aq}}}^{2 - } \rightleftarrows {\text{BeSO}}_{4{\text{aq}}{\text{.}}} $$ (5.1.2)
Prevalence and risk factors for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in a scleroderma cohort.

Objectives: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is more common in systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared to the general population. Focal myocardial ischaemia and fibrosis may be important in its pathogenesis. LVDD is associated with increased mortality and little is known about the risk factors. Advanced SSc lung complications may accompany LVDD.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 SSc outpatients with and without LVDD, seen between May 2012 and May 2014, and performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses to determine clinical factors associated with LVDD. LVDD was confirmed by the latest echocardiogram (tissue Doppler imaging) reports. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed by right heart catheterization (RHC).Results: Of the 300 SSc patients, there were 133 (44%) with LVDD. In the univariate analysis, advanced age, disease duration (from the onset of Raynaud’s phenomenon), a...