cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the road to educating the creative arts therapist

In the process of gathering my notes for this article I travelled back mentally over two decades. It became obvious that this road back called forth a revivification of an intense and gratifying trip that was also attended with some episodic, jarring bumps. The task facing me was to sort out that which was personally significant from that which was professionally significant. Certainly, there is often a fine line of difference between them. The format of this presentation allows for a personal examination of an issue. The focus here will be a personal view on the state of the arts vis-a-vis the education of creative arts therapists over the past 22 years. This panorama, albeit unavoidably subjective, is based on frontline, trenchant involvement in graduate education of art, music, and dance therapists. For those readers who, in 1967, were not yet members of our league, I shall recapitulate history briefly. In that year, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, now Hahnemann University, initiated a graduate training program in art therapy leading to a Master’s of Science degree on completion of one-year didactic and supervised clinical internship and of a thesis project that met the standards of the graduate school. This was the first program to accept and graduate students in this field. A graduate program in art therapy had been established at The University of Louisville some years before, but was not activated until after 1969 and the establishment of the American Art Therapy Association. Other graduate programs soon followed and their number has grown impressively to include seventeen approved graduate training programs. I had the extraordinary opportunity, privilege, and burden of being the coordinator and then Director of the Hahnemann program. When, in 1976, I was awarded a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant to establish the first program to train art, dance, and music therapy students under an umbrella degree, Master’s Creative Arts in Therapy (MCAT), my vista was considerably expanded. Required to guide three progam directors through a maze of divergent philosophies and requirements toward university and national organization approval, I became exquisitely cognizant of the educational systems in the creative arts in therapy. As I recently searched my files for notes and data I uncovered a paper I had prepared in response to an invitation to participate in a closing panel at the American Art Therapy Association (AATA) Conference in 1978. The topic was “Quality in Training” (Levick, 1978). In rereading this paper I was struck by the fact that some of the questions I raised then are still being posed today, that my answers have not changed over time, that some of my concerns then exist in the present. Travelling back, I begin this cerebration with the closing statement of that paper. In recounting the prophecy of one of our professors in the Department of Psychiatry who said that art therapists would “become the X-ray of psychiatry,” I
Generation of streamflow to seasonal high waters in a freshwater delta, northwestern Canada

Shallow lakes and wetlands in the Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD), one of the world's largest freshwater deltas located in northwestern Canada, are dependent on occasional flooding to replenish evaporated water. The hydrology of the PAD has experienced natural and human induced changes in recent times. Since the early 1970s, there has been a desire to restore water to perched wetlands by managing inundation of the perimeter deltas. Before such plans are implemented, it is important to understand the generation of annual peak ice-induced and open-water floodwaters to this Nordic delta. The hydroclimatology, physiography, size, and relative locations of sub-basins exert a strong control on the runoff response. Ice-jam floods in the lower Athabasca and Peace Rivers are generated by large snowmelt runoff from ‘trigger tributaries’ located in the downstream (foothills and plains) portions of the basin. Flood flows during the open-water period are primarily generated by heavy rainfall runoff originating from the more elevated foothill/mountain regions where the precipitation process is enhanced by orography. In general, storage of alpine runoff in the headwaters of the Peace River places an increased dependence on downstream tributaries of the system to produce extreme flow events to the delta. Recommendations are made for additional hydrological modelling studies to assess the potential change to generation of extreme events from additional water retention/diversion schemes, land-use change, and a changing hydroclimate within the upstream contributing basins of the PAD. Copyright © 2006 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial DNA Damage Initiates a Cell Cycle Arrest by a Chk2-associated Mechanism in Mammalian Cells

Previous work from our laboratory has focused on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair and cellular viability. However, other events occur prior to the initiation of apoptosis in cells. Because of the importance of mtDNA in ATP production and of ATP in fuel cell cycle progression, we asked whether mtDNA damage was an upstream signal leading to cell cycle arrest. Using quantitative alkaline Southern blot technology, we found that exposure to menadione produced detectable mtDNA damage in HeLa cells that correlated with an S phase cell cycle arrest. To determine whether mtDNA damage was causatively linked to the observed cell cycle arrest, experiments were performed utilizing a MTS-hOGG1-Tat fusion protein to target the hOGG1 repair enzyme to mitochondria and enhance mtDNA repair. The results revealed that the transduction of MTS-hOGG1-Tat into HeLa cells alleviated the cell cycle block following an oxidative insult. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that Chk2 phosphorylation was enhanced following menadione exposure. Treatment of the HeLa cells with the hOGG1 fusion protein prior to menadione exposure resulted in an increase in the rate of Chk2 dephosphorylation. These results strongly support a direct link between mtDNA damage and cell cycle arrest.
Comparative assessment of plane-of-array irradiance models

Abstract A comparative assessment of four mathematical models, used for predicting plane-of-array irradiance, is performed. These models are due to Liu-Jordan, Duffie-Beckman, Klucher, and Perez. Out of these four, the Liu-Jordan and the Duffie-Beckman models represent isotropic sky conditions and the other two model the anisotropic sky. The plane-of-array irradiance predicted by these models are compared against observed field data in Florida, North Caroline, and California. The time periods of interest are hourly, daily, and monthly. It is observed that the isotropic sky model can accurately predict only the monthly average of daily plane-of-array irradiance during the summer. Prediction on the daily or hourly time frame are either not possible or are predicted inaccurately by the isotropic sky model. Between the two anisotropic sky models, the Perez model performed the best, while the Klucher model constantly overestimated for the California location. Results found are consistent with those reported in previous studies.
Tephra layers as correlation tools of Neogene coal-bearing strata from the Kenai lowland, Alaska

Thirty-two tephra layers, exposed in coal beds of the Miocene and Pliocene Beluga and Sterling Formations along the shores of the Kenai lowland on the northwestern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, were studied in detail to improve the geochronology and regional correlation of the Sterling Formation and test prior correlations that were based on palynology and physical tracing of beds over short distances. Published radiogenic isotope data suggest an age span of approximately 4 m.y. for the Sterling Formation at this location but give discordant ages for individual samples depending on dating techniques. A crystal-rich tephra layer near the middle of the section was traced across the Kenai lowland as one or two ash falls based on stratigraphic position, inertinite contents of adjacent coal, geochemical and mineralogical analyses, and individual characteristics. A pumice-rich layer deposited near the top of the Sterling Formation is preserved at two localities on the northwestern and southeastern sides of the Kenai lowland. Geochemical similarities, similar glass morphologies, and an absence of opaque phases characterize this layer as a single ash fall and allow correlation. On a regional scale, these correlations concur with previous correlations and show that a shallow anticline with a northwest-southeast-trending axis extends across themore » Kenai lowland. 28 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.« less
Double Fertilization in Gnetum gnemon: The Relationship between the Cell Cycle and Sexual Reproduction.

Gnetum gnemon, a nonflowering seed plant and member of the Gnetales, expresses a rudimentary pattern of double fertilization that results in the formation of two zygotes per pollen tube. The process of double fertilization in G. gnemon was examined with light and fluorescence microscopy, and the DNA content of various nuclei involved in sexual reproduction was quantified with 4[prime],6-diamidino-2-phenylindole microspectrofluorometry.Male and female gamete nuclei pass through the synthesis phase of the cell cycle and increase their DNA content from 1C to 2C before fertilization. Each of the two zygotes found in association with a pollen tube is diploid and contains the 4C quantity of DNA at inception. Based on these results as well as previous studies of nuclear DNA content in plant sperm, eggs, and zygotes, three fundamental and distinct patterns of gamete karyogamy among seed plants can be circumscribed: (1) G1 karyogamy, in which male and female gametes contain the 1C quantity of DNA throughout karyogamy and the zygote undergoes DNA replication; (2) S-phase karyogamy, in which gamete nuclei initiate fusion at 1C but pass through the S phase of the cell cycle before completely fusing; and (3) G2 karyogamy, in which male and female gamete nuclei pass through the S phase of the cell cycle before the onset of fertilization. Our results show definitively a pattern of G2 karyogamy in G. gnemon.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Activity Is Required for Retinoic Acid-Induced Expression and Activation of the Tissue Transglutaminase

Tissue transglutaminase (TGase) is a dual function enzyme that couples an ability to bind GTP with transamidation activity. Retinoic acid (RA) consistently induces TGase expression and activation, and it was recently shown that increased TGase expression protected cells from apoptosis. To better understand how RA regulates TGase, we considered whether RA employed pro-survival signaling pathways to mediate TGase expression and activation. It was found that RA stimulation of NIH3T3 cells activated ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K); however, only PI3K activation was necessary for RA-induced TGase expression. The overexpression of a constitutively active form of PI3K did not induce TGase expression, indicating that PI3K signaling was necessary but not sufficient for TGase expression. The exposure of cells expressing exogenous TGase to the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, reduced the ability of TGase to be photoaffinity-labeled with [alpha-(32)P]GTP, providing evidence that PI3K regulates the GTP binding activity of TGase as well as its expression. Moreover, cell viability assays showed that incubation of RA-treated cells with LY294002 together with the TGase inhibitor, monodansylcadaverine (MDC), converted RA from a differentiation factor to an apoptotic stimulus. These findings demonstrate that PI3K activity is required for the RA-stimulated expression and GTP binding activity of TGase, thereby linking the up-regulation of TGase with a well established cell survival factor.
Infrared Atmospheric Transmission of Laser Radiation

Calculations have been made of the monochromatic transmission of HF, HCl, HBr, and DF laser radiations between 2400 cm−1 and 3500 cm−1 for nonhomogeneous atmospheric slant paths. Aerosol extinction, continuum molecular absorption, and line absorption are included in the computations. An approximate Voigt profile has been used to express mixed Doppler-Lorentz line broadening. HF P2(8) and DF P2(8) lines are chosen from among the presently operational cw chemical lasers for detailed studies. Their transmission characteristics at different altitudes are compared with those of CO and CO2 lasers. Comparisons of these transmittance calculations with the theoretical calculations of McClatchey and Selby and experimental results have been made, and reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.
Cognitive Authentication and Narrative Passwords

The need for secure and usable cognitive password systems has been recognized for many years. While graphical passwords present one promising approach, this study focuses on the use of short stories to create “narrative passwords”. Users are presented with a flash fiction (<1000 words) that contains interchangeable elements randomly selected for their story. These elements form the password to be remembered later, while the remainder of the story serves as a memory context to create a strong binding of the items in memory. The results of an initial pilot study using narrative passwords show that participants can retain a sufficient amount of information over a period greater than a week. The system itself acts as a memory cue, such that recognition memory performance has the potential to increase over time.
Effect of prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram on activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory and door-to-balloon time in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction.

Reducing door-to-balloon (D + B) time during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) reduces mortality. Prehospital 12-lead electrocadiography (ECG) with cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) activation may reduce D + B time. Paramedic-performed ECG was initiated in the city of San Diego in January 2005 with STEMI diagnosis based on an automated computer algorithm. We undertook this study to determine the effect of prehospital CCL activation on D + B time for patients with acute STEMI brought to our institution. All data were prospectively collected for patients with STEMI including times to treatment and clinical outcomes. We evaluated 78 consecutive patients with STEMI from January 2005 to June 2006, and the study group consisted of all patients with prehospital activation of the CCL (field STEMI; n = 20). The control groups included concurrently-treated patients with STEMI during the same period who presented to the emergency department (nonfield STEMI; n = 28), and all patients with STEMI treated in the preceding year (2004) (historical STEMI; n = 30). Prehospital CCL activation significantly reduced D + B time (73 ± 19 minutes field STEMI, 130 ± 66 minutes nonfield STEMI, 141 ± 49 minutes historical STEMI; p <0.001) with significant reductions in door-to-CCL and CCL-to-balloon times as well. The majority of patients with field STEMI achieved D + B times of <90 minutes (80% field STEMI, 25% nonfield STEMI, 10% historical STEMI; p <0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that prehospital electrocardiographic diagnosis of STEMI with activation of the CCL markedly reduces D + B time.
Modelling dislocation generation in high pressure Czochralski growth of InP single crystals: part I. Construction of a visco-plastic deformation model

A visco-plastic constitutive model for single crystal InP is proposed and embedded in the ABAQUS finite element software through a user-defined subroutine. The model is a multi-slip generalization of the Alexander–Haasen model, with measures for dislocation densities on each of the known slip systems acting as internal variables. The model is completed and verified through its application to the constant strain rate uni-axial deformation tests and comparison with the experimental data. It is then used to simulate uni-axial deformation tests with different axes of orientation, temperature and strain rates. Multi-slip deformations and high strain rates lead to high dislocation densities, while the temperature has a mixed effect depending on the strain. The model developed here and the insights gained through selected simulations will be used in part II of this paper to study the dislocation development during the growth of single crystal InP in the high pressure Czochralski process.
Muon decay in a linearly polarized laser field

In a previous paper, we showed that the decay rate of a muon is only slightly affected by the presence of a circularly polarized laser and we gave an analytic expression for the correction. In this paper, we present the analytical result for the case of a linearly polarized laser. Again the effect of the laser is small.
The Convergence of Ricoeur’s and Von Wright’s Complex Models of History

The relationship between the structural identity of narrative and the truth claim of the historical narrative work is one of importance to Ricœur. He considers the attempts of two interwoven models of history emerging from analytic philosophy—explanatory and narrative—to articulate this relationship. This paper explores the trajectories of these models as well as the epistemological and ontological crises culminating from the “simple” theses of each model. The solution to these crises requires a more complex method to account for the nature of the connections underlying historical understanding. Georg Henrik von Wright’s provisional or “hybrid” model of explanation and understanding revises the simple explanatory model and is foundational for Ricœur’s own complex revision of narrativist models through his notion of questioning back. The present paper argues that the structure of this hybrid model was unsatisfactory for von Wright, and leads in the direction of Ricœur’s own narrative method. Keywords: Ricœur, von Wright, Narrative, History, Questioning back. Resume La relation entre l’identite structurale du recit et la pretention a la verite de l’œuvre de recit historique est fondamentale chez Ricœur. Il considere que les deux modeles historiographiques de provenance analytique – le modele explicatif et le modele narratif – peuvent s’articuler. Cet article explore les trajectoires de ces modeles autant que les crises epistemologiques et ontologiques qui culminent dans chacune des theses prise dans un sens unilateral. La solution pour remedier a ces crises requiert une methode plus complexe pour tenir compte de la nature des liens qui sous-tendent la comprehension historique. Le modele d’explication et de comprehension, provisoire et “hybride,” de Georg Henrik von Wright permet de reviser le simple modele explicatif. Ceci est fondamental pour comprendre la revision complexe que Ricœur apporte aux modeles narrativistes a travers la reprise de la notion de “questionnement a rebours.” La presente contribution fait valoir que la structure de ce modele hybride n’est pas satisfaisante pour von Wright, et debouche dans le sens de la methode narrative proposee par Ricœur. Mots-cles: Ricœur, von Wright, Narrative, Histoire, Questionnenement a rebours.
Images in Cardiovascular Medicine Mitral Arcade A Rare Cause of Fatigue in an 18-Year-Old Female

A previously healthy 18-year-old female presented for evaluation of a 3-month history of fatigue. Other notable findings in the history were progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion, 3-pillow orthopnea, a newly developed cough, and a 20-lb weight loss. The physical examination demonstrated tachypnea, with a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and the lungs were clear. The heart rate was 88 bpm and regular. There was a regular rhythm with a normal first heart sound and a second heart sound that was slightly accentuated and narrowly split. There was a 2/6 systolic regurgitant murmur at the left ventricular apex. There was no diastolic murmur. There was no jugular venous distension or hepatic engorgement. A chest radiograph demonstrated fine, reticular prominence of the pulmonary interstitium of both lungs, increased pulmonary vascular markings, and mild prominence of the left atrial appendage (Figure 1). A nongated computed tomography scan of the chest demonstrated abnormal pulmonary parenchyma with diffuse ground-glass opacities (Figure 2). A 15-lead ECG was performed that demonstrated sinus rhythm, right-axis deviation, and biatrial enlargement (Figure 3). Figure 1. Chest radiograph in the posteroanterior projection demonstrates fine reticular prominence of the pulmonary interstitium of both lungs (asterisk), increased pulmonary vascular markings (arrow), and mild prominence of the left atrial appendage (LA) …
Experimental results for the scattering of X-rays from smooth surfaces

By utilizing the unique X-ray test facility at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, high resolution data have been obtained for the scattering of X-rays from smooth optical flats. Using X-rays with energies in the range from 2.99 keV to 8.06 keV, the resulting reflected images from five state-of-the-art polished mirror flats with various substrate and coating materials are presented and analyzed. Evidence for large angle scattering is shown to exist for some energies and is discussed in terms of theoretical models for surface defects.
Prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) versus paclitaxel and FAC (TFAC) in patients with operable breast cancer: impact of taxane chemotherapy on locoregional control

A previous randomized trial (CALGB 9344/Intergroup 0148) compared four cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) to four cycles of AC plus four cycles of paclitaxel (AC + T) and demonstrated that the addition of paclitaxel improved locoregional control (LRC) in patients with node-positive breast cancer. However, it could not be determined whether it was the paclitaxel or the increased duration of chemotherapy that led to this improvement. The present study aimed to analyze whether the addition of paclitaxel to a doxorubicin-based regimen improves LRC in a cohort of patients who all received eight total cycles of chemotherapy. Five hundred eleven women with operable breast cancer were randomized on a single-institution prospective trial to receive 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (FAC) × 8 cycles (n = 252) or FAC × 4 cycles plus paclitaxel × 4 cycles (TFAC) (n = 259). Rates of LRC and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Median follow-up was 124 months (range 5–167 months). The 10-year LRC rate was 92.6 versus 93.1% in the FAC versus TFAC arms, respectively (P = 0.26). The LRC between treatment arms did not differ when analyzed by locoregional treatment group: breast conservation therapy (BCT), mastectomy alone (M), and mastectomy + radiation (M + RT). The 10-year LRC rates were 95.1% (FAC) versus 91.2% (TFAC) after BCT (P = 0.98), 89.5% (FAC) versus 93.4% (TFAC) after M (P = 0.24), and 94.7% (FAC) versus 96.5% (TFAC) after M + RT (P = 0.59). Additionally, there was no difference in OS between the treatment arms, with 10-year OS rates of 78.4% (FAC) versus 81.7% (TFAC) (P = 0.93). The addition of paclitaxel to a doxorubicin-based regimen had no impact on LRC, regardless of the type of local therapy received. Historically inferior LRC with AC chemotherapy alone versus AC + T may have been due to an inadequate duration of systemic therapy and not due to the absence of paclitaxel.
Effect of the Ankle Stabilizing Orthosis on Foot and Ankle Kinematics During Cutting Maneuvers

This study was to examine the stability and functionality of the Ankle Stabilizing Orthosis (ASO) in normal ankle kinematics during sideward and forward lateral cutting. Fifteen college students with normal ankles were randomly assigned to each of the following four conditions: sideward and forward lateral cutting, with and without the ASO. Ankle inversion-eversion and dorsiflexion-plantarflexion angular displacements and velocities during movement were recorded by a 3-D Qualisys system and analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test. In forward lateral cutting, the ASO decreased inversion angle at touchdown. On both lateral cutting conditions, the ASO decreased inversion angle at footflat and push-off, and decreased plantarflexion angle at touchdown. Furthermore, the ASO did not change inversion-eversion and dorsiflexion-plantarflexion angular velocities or stance phase duration. The ASO is likely to prevent ankle sprains during activities that involve lateral cutting while not hindering athletic performance. Information presented may help clinicians it brace prescription.
Flow instability in a large aspect ratio porous medium with an internal heat source

Abstract The problem of convective heat transfer in a fluid saturated porous medium is of great importance in various applications ranging from geothermal engineering to underground nuclear waste disposal. Previous studies in this regard were mainly done for a low range of Rayleigh number and small aspect ratio. In this paper, natural convection in a horizontal as well as inclined porous channel with uniform internal heat generation is investigated for a large aspect ratio. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Arakawa-Dufort-Frankel scheme and are mainly governed by two parameters, namely, the aspect ratio of the duct, γ = b a and the Rayleigh number Ra = KβgaA ′ Q g / ανk . For a duct with an aspect ratio of 10, a complicated solution structure, i.e. the presence of stable, periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic behavior is observed upon increasing the Rayleigh number. The results show that when the angle of inclination of a porous channel increases, chaotic behavior appears for a smaller Ra . Results also show that the flow stability increases with increasing angle of inclination.
Further Studies on the Relation of Functional Activity to Mammary Carcinoma in Mice

In previous studies the writer has noted that the rapid breeding of female mice, coupled with the prevention of nursing, increased the incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinoma (1, 2, 3). It was concluded that ovarian stimulation of the mammary gland and possibly the chemical irritation of retained glandular secretions were factors associated with the formation of the mammary tumors. At the time this earlier work was done there were no strains of mice available for experimental study which had been inbred for a considerable time and had been selected for “low-tumor” incidence. Three years ago the writer obtained from Dr. C. C. Little's laboratory at Bar Harbor mice in which the genetic variables had been reduced to a minimum as a result of inbreeding. The incidence of spontaneous tumors had been noted over several years. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of experiments designed to test the relation of functional activity of the mammary gland to the incidence of spontaneous carcinoma in this organ as shown in these carefully selected strains of mice. A “functional test” will also be described which has been used to distinguish those individuals whose constitution is favorable to the growth of mammary carcinoma from those apparently constitutionally unfavorable to the growth of such tumors. The relation of functional activity to what Murray and Little (4, 5, 6) have described as “extrachromosomal influence” in relation to mammary gland carcinoma will also be considered. The following results are preliminary and will be presented more fully at a later date, on the completion of the work.
Studies in Intravascular Coagulation IV. The Effect of Heparin and Dicumarol on Serum-Induced Venous Thrombosis

A method has been previously described whereby the infusion of canine serun and serum fractions rich in convertin, but essentially devoid of thromboplastin, prothrombin, ac-globulin and thrombin, initiates venous thrombosis in dogs at sites of partial or complete venous stasis far removed from the site of infusion. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis in various clinical states may be referable to local stasis combined with a transient increase in circulating convertin activity. The present study demonstrates that heparin is superior to dicumarol in inhibiting the evolution of such serum-induced intravascular thrombi in dogs.
Topographic maps in US libraries

Despite the large number and proportion of topographic series issued worldwide on a successive basis and treated as “serials”, there is a regrettable lack of information available to provide concrete guidelines fbr their cataloging. In addition to problems in interpreting and describing cartographic information such as scale, relief and projection that is required by the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 2 (AACR2), the cataloger is suddenly confronted with a proliferation of sheet editions and titles, series designators and titles, and various issuing bodies with changing AACR2 forms of names. “Index maps” are introduced to aid in the retrieval of individual sheets and indicate series coverage; decisions must be made about retaining historical sheet editions, and local records maintained by each library (usually additional copies of index maps) indicating the older sheets they keep. AACR2’s Chapter 3, “Cartographic Materials”, includes basic rules applicable for cataloging map series, but the guidelines used in most American and Canadian map libraries are provided by its interpretive manual, Curtographic Makrials. This manual was compiled in 1982 through the efforts of the Anglo-American Cataloging Committee for Cartographic Materials. It includes profuse illustrations and numerous examples of rule applications, a concordance to AACR2 rules, a brief appendix on access points, and two appendices on map series. “Appendix D” describes series maps as well as “multi-sheet” maps. “Appendix E” includes guidelines for cataloging a map series and has references to the main part of the text; but as it points out, the guidelines have never been “rigorously tested” and are “open to amendment”.’ The purpose of this article is to examine these guidelines and discuss problems in their application to the cataloging of topographic map series, and to make recommendations where appropriate. In some cases, thr thinking of librarians and scholars in the field of geography is included to illustrate some of the problems encountered. All rule num-
ipod, uPod, wePod...: doubling your client support and strengthening team ties with virtually no extra resources

It's a Wednesday afternoon at the Princeton University OIT Help Desk phone room. An undergraduate calls in a panic. Their Windows 2000 laptop, which contains all their work for a paper due that Friday, is displaying a blue screen that reads: "Inaccessible Boot Device." Their comp sci roommate has already worked on the computer, but can't get it to boot.What's the best way to handle a situation like this - one that needs immediate hands-on consulting? For Princeton, the answer was to provide an accessible open-lab environment that allowed students to work with consultants at their convenience.The Help Desk at Princeton University has restructured their no-charge, in-person support room from a "By-Appointment Only" service to a "Walk-In Lab" service. This environment allows the client to back-up data to an iPod (to protect their intellectual property), be directly involved in the diagnosis and resolution of their computer problem, and walk away with a working computer. The open-lab has allowed us to double the clients we service, with no increase in assigned staff.This paper will discuss how our restructuring increased services to the campus community, allowed us to empower our clients by instructing them on basic computer maintenance and usage, cross-train our staff members, and build stronger ties with other support teams on campus. We will also detail the tools (software and hardware) we use in the lab environment.
(R)-thionisoxetine, a potent and selective inhibitor of central and peripheral norepinephrine uptake

Inhibitors of neuronal norepinephrine (NE) uptake are useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases including depression and urinary incontinence. In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated a novel analog of the potent and selective NE uptake inhibitor, nisoxetine. Thionisoxetine more potently inhibited the uptake of [3H]-NE into hypothalamic synaptosomes and [3H]-nisoxetine binding to the NE transporter than (R)-nisoxetine. The (R) enantiomer of this compound was significantly more potent than the (S) enantiomer, having a Ki of 0.20 nM in [3H]-nisoxetine binding. The (R) enantiomer was approximately 70-fold more potent in inhibiting [3H]-NE uptake when compared to [3H]-5HT uptake. In rats, (R)-thionisoxetine prevented hypothalamic NE depletion by 6-hydroxydopamine with an ED50 of 0.21 mg/kg. Depletion of NE in peripheral nerves was accomplished by the administration of metaraminol to rats. In this paradigm, (R)-thionisoxetine prevented the depletion of heart NE with an ED50 of 3.4 mg/kg and urethral NE with an ED50 of 1.2 mg/kg. Thus, (R)-thionisoxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of NE uptake in both central and peripheral tissues.
Regulation and efficiency in transition: the case of Romanian banks

Using disaggregated panel data for the period 1996–2002, this paper estimates the cost efficiency of Romanian banks and relates it to regulation implemented by the National Bank of Romania. We estimate efficiency using a model that combines the frameworks of both stochastic frontier analysis and shadow cost functions. Our results indicate that, for all types of banks, the cost of technical inefficiency decreases in the years following tightening of regulation. A significant part of this decrease can be attributed to the policy change. Overall, the short-run increase in cost due to additional regulation exceeds the benefits from reduced technical inefficiency. However, our model does not account for other benefits, besides changes in X-inefficiency, such as stability of the banking system, which may be significant.
The effect of calcium on cardiac anaphylaxis in guinea-pig Langendorff heart preparations.

This study was designed to determine the effects of different calcium concentrations on the perfused isolated guinea-pig heart preparation subjected to cardiac anaphylaxis. Following challenge both physiological and biochemical effects were determined on hearts from guinea-pigs previously sensitized to ovalbumin. Perfusion media containing either 1, 2.54 or 5 mM of calcium was used.
Bone: Elucidating which cell erythropoietin targets in bone.

Identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate bone remodelling is crucial for the development of effective skeletal therapeutics. A new study in mice shows that erythropoietin increases bone loss by enhancing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
Experiments on convection in Earth’s core tangent cylinder

Abstract Results of thermal convection experiments in a rotating fluid with a geometry similar to the Earth’s core tangent cylinder are presented. We find four different states. In order of increasing Rayleigh number, these are: (1) subcritical (no convection), (2) helical plumes around the tangent cylinder, (3) helical plumes throughout the tangent cylinder, and (4) fully three-dimensional convection. The convection generates a retrograde (westward) azimuthal thermal wind flow below the outer spherical boundary, with maximum velocity on the tangent cylinder. The velocity of the thermal wind scales with convective buoyancy flux B = αgq / ρC p and Coriolis parameter f =2 Ω as U ≃2( B / f ) 1/2 . Tangent cylinder convection can explain the origin of polar vortices beneath the core–mantle boundary inferred from geomagnetic secular variation, if a large fraction of the buoyancy produced by inner core solidification remains within the tangent cylinder, and also if the inner core growth rate is high. According to our experiments, the tangent cylinder can act as a reservoir for products of inner core growth, although the effect is probably far too small to detect from surface observations.
The social context of teenage childbearing: effects on the infant's care-giving environment.

The effects of maternal age and the social context on the home environment, and maternal behaviors of adolescent and older mothers, as well as the stability of the care-giving environment, were studied. Fifty low-middle socioeconomic status (SES), primiparous, Caucasian mothers and their fullterm healthy infants were included. At four months, support systems and life stress were assessed, as well as the home environment and maternal behaviors. At two years, a similar home visit was conducted in a subsample. Adolescent mothers had less education, lower SES, and a different child care support system. They also differed in the home environment and maternal behaviors at four months. Some of these differences disappeared when maternal education and SES, or child care support and life stress, were controlled. Moderate correlations were observed between four months and two years home environment and maternal verbalizations. Thus, a combination of maternal age and other social factors mediate the negative characteristics of the adolescent mother's care-giving environment, which is relatively stable during the infancy period.
Gas transport in glassy polymers

Sorption kinetics and equilibria for CO2 in polycarbonate were studied over a range of temperatures from 35° to 65°C and pressures from 3 to 22 atm. The dual mode sorption model of Vieth et al. was used to test the data, and a comparison was made with previous work on glassy polystyrene. Further evidence of the validity of generality of the model in providing a consistent picture of small-molecule diffusion in glassy polymers was thereby provided. The technical feasibility of membrane separation of H2 from a H2/CO2 mixture by selective permeation through polycarbonate was examined at 50°C.
Differential learning outcomes in an instructional simulation: Exploring the relationship between designated role and perceived learning outcome

One set of instructional strategies which has not been examined vis‐a‐vis learning outcome is instructional simulations. The present study is an exploratory study designed to examine the possible relationship between designated roles and learning outcome. It was designed to explore the possibility that if differential learning outcomes existed they might be related to the designated role of the learner in the interactive simulation. The study found that students cast in the roles of managers in the SIMCORP SIMULATION reported different perceptions about learning than did students cast in the roles of workers.
Continuous and discrete latent structure models for item response data

Relations are examined between latent trait and latent class models for item response data. Conditions are given for the two-latent class and two-parameter normal ogive models to agree, and relations between their item parameters are presented. Generalizationss are then made to continuous models with more than one latent trait and discrete models with more than two latent classes, and methods are presented for relating latent class models to factor models for dichotomized variables. Results are illustrated using data from the Law School Admission Test, previously analyzed by several authors.
Src SH2 Arginine 175 Is Required for Cell Motility: Specific Focal Adhesion Kinase Targeting and Focal Adhesion Assembly Function

Src kinase is a crucial mediator of adhesion-related signaling and motility. Src binds to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) through its SH2 domain and subsequently activates it for phosphorylation of downstream substrates. In addition to this binding function, data suggested that the SH2 domain might also perform an important role in targeting Src to focal adhesions (FAs) to enable further substrate phosphorylations. To examine this, we engineered an R175L mutation in cSrc to prevent the interaction with FAK pY397. This constitutively open Src kinase mediated up-regulated substrate phosphorylation in SYF cells but was unable to promote malignant transformation. Significantly, SrcR175L cells also had a profound motility defect and an impaired FA generation capacity. Importantly, we were able to recapitulate wild-type motile behavior and FA formation by directing the kinase to FAs, clearly implicating the SH2 domain in recruitment to FAK and indicating that this targeting capacity, and not simply Src-FAK scaffolding, was critical for normal Src function.
Characterization of the cDNA and the Gene Encoding Murine Adenylosuccinate Lyase

Adenylosuccinate lyase catalyzes two similar reactions in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway; the cleavage of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide to aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide and fumarate and the cleavage of adenylosuccinate to adenylate and fumarate. Adenylosuccinate lyase is also a participant in the purine nucleotide cycle which plays an important role in maintaining the AMP levels in muscle. In order to understand the structure/function and evolutionary relationships of the members of the fumarate gene family and to evaluate the possible existence of tissue specific isoforms of adenylosuccinate lyase, we have isolated and characterized the murine cDNA and gene encoding adenylosuccinate lyase. The cDNA has 94% and 87% identity to the human sequence at the amino acid and nucleotide levels respectively. The gene is about 27 kb and contains 13 exons. Comparison of the exon/intron structure of this gene with the argininosuccinate lyase gene did not suggest gene duplication or exon shuffling as a mechanism of evolution in the fumarate gene family.
The Effect of Cartilaginous Reinforcing Sutures on Initial Tracheal Anastomotic Strength A Cadaver Study

ObjectiveDuring tracheal resection with primary anastomosis, cartilaginous reinforcing sutures may be placed outside of the primary anastomosis with the goal of preventing early dehiscence. The direct effect of such reinforcing sutures on anastomotic strength has not been previously investigated. The goal of this study was to determine if the addition of cartilaginous reinforcing sutures adds to tracheal anastomosis stability.Study DesignProspective cadaver study.SettingThis research was conducted at an anatomy lab at Indiana University School of Medicine.Subjects and MethodsTwelve cadaver tracheas were harvested. Each trachea was bifurcated, with 1 segment of each trachea transected and anastomosed using circumferential sutures and the remaining tracheal segment undergoing the same procedure with the addition of cartilaginous reinforcing sutures. Segments (proximal versus distal) were alternated to control for potential anatomic-based strength differences. The force necessary for anastomotic rupture was ...
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME DUE TO LEFT MAIN PLAQUE RUPTURE, WITH NEGATIVE FFR AND MILD ANGIOGRAPHIC STENOSIS: TO REVASCULARIZE OR NOT?

Deferring revascularization of a hemodynamically insignificant, intermediate left main (LM) lesion in the setting of stable coronary artery disease is well established. However, in a patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) due a left main plaque rupture that has mild angiographic appearance and
Clinical Utility of KRAS and BRAF Mutations in a Cohort of Patients With Colorectal Neoplasms Submitted for Microsatellite Instability Testing

Background Molecular analysis has become important in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) evaluation. Alterations in KRAS, BRAF, or mismatch repair (MMR) genes may determine therapeutic response or define a hereditary cancer syndrome. Correlation of DNA studies with clinical findings will further clarify the clinical utility of these markers.
Organizational Differentiation in Urban Communities: A Study in Organizational Ecology

Ecological theory suggests that growth in the density of a population of organizations should give rise, through the mechanism of competition, to functional differentiation and within functions, size differentiation. Such theory also predicts that size differentiation will increase as a consequence of functional differentiation. Tests of these hypotheses based on measurements for 206 SMSAs support these propositions with the exception that no direct effect of organizational density on size differentiation is observed. Secondary hypotheses about the influences of community age, urbanization, and economic function are also advanced and empirically evaluated. This study is conceived as an exploration in the ecology of organizations and confronts issues identified as important by other recent writers on these topics. The concept of an aggregate or population of organizations has caught the interest of sociologists pursuing various problems. Thinking of the urban community in such terms has led a number of writers to formulate propositions linking structural properties of the local organizational field to patterns of community integration and collective action (Aiken and Alford; Coleman; Turk). These efforts treat such properties as independent variables, however; hence are less helpful in explaining the composition of urban places in terms of them. One approach having this explanatory potential, as two recent papers suggest, is ecology. Hannan and Freeman and Aldrich and Pfeffer treat populations of organizations as an approach to the broad problem of organization-environment relations; and conclude that ecological models are best suited to a population-level analysis. Curiously, neither article gives more than passing attention to communities as systems supporting organizational populations, although human ecological theory addressing these topics has developed mainly in the course of a treatment of community structure (Hawley, a, Ch. 7). The present investigation, however, uses the urban community as the unit of analysis and *This paper has profited from critical readings by Michael Hannan, Barbara Laslett, and Kingsley Davis. Errors which remain are entirely my responsibility.
Improved AIC selection strategy for survival analysis

In survival analysis, it is of interest to appropriately select significant predictors. In this paper, we extend the AIC"C selection procedure of Hurvich and Tsai to survival models to improve the traditional AIC for small sample sizes. A theoretical verification under a special case of the exponential distribution is provided. Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed method substantially outperforms its counterpart: AIC, in small samples, and competes it in moderate and large samples. Two real data sets are also analyzed.
An unusual right atrial structure in a patient with a new diastolic murmur.

A c c n a w f f d From the Department of Anesthesiology, the Medical College of isconsin and the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Cener, Milwaukee, WI. Address reprint requests to Paul S. Pagel, MD, PhD, FACC, Medical ollege of Wisconsin, MEB-M4280, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, ilwaukee, WI 53226. E-mail: pspagel@mcw.edu © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/07/2101-0031$32.00/0 doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2006.01.008