cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The New Science and Engineering Management: Cooperative Research Centers as Intermediary Organizations for Government Policies and Industry Strategies

The US Small Business Administration defines intermediary organizations as those that facilitate linkages and cooperation among businesses and between firms and government and nonprofit organizations such as universities, local chambers of commerce, community groups, and state and local government. The term has been used to characterize boundary-spanning management in a broad range of areas, from firm collaboration for innovation and manufacturing, to the joint provision of public education, to the development of improvements in community building, agriculture, and mortgage-lending practices. The term is relatively new, but research and theory on intermediary organizations is not new to policy scholars and organizational economists focused on scientific and technical innovation, e.g., the extant literatures on the design and development of bridging institutions for innovation-based economic development including technology transfer offices, research parks, technology incubators, industry consortia, and what we broadly refer to as cooperative research centers or “CRCs”—which promote collaborative, cross-sector research and development for technological innovation, commercialization and, ultimately, social and economic outcomes.
Formation of clays, ferrihydrite, and possible salts in Hydrae Chasma, Mars

Abstract We used multiple orbital data sets to analyze the morphology, composition, and stratigraphy of clays and other hydrated deposits within Hydrae Chasma. Fe/Mg-smectites are concentrated along the lower floor of the chasma, adjacent to pit craters. There are at least two distinct smectites that vary in their morphology and spectral properties, with a more Mg-rich smectite associated with a thin brighter upper layered deposit and a more Fe-rich smectite in a lower darker massive deposit. We also identified a younger hydrated unit with spectral features similar to ferrihydrite. The spectra of this unit lack an absorption between 2.28 and 2.31 µm, but display a drop in reflectance near 2.3 µm. The ferrihydrite-type detections correspond to cleaner surfaces of light-toned deposits further north and higher in elevation than the smectites. A few small outcrops in the southern chasma floor appear brighter than the clays and display an additional narrow absorption at 2.4 µm in combination with the smectite features, which may indicate a smectite plus perchlorate mixture. There are no valleys along the plateau that intersect Hydrae Chasma and, consequently, any water that created the Fe/Mg-smectites and ferrihydrite must have been from groundwater in the subsurface or surface water sourced from within the chasma. A terraced fan and associated valley to the north of the clays provide support for melting snow/ice within the chasma and this same water may have also altered materials lower in elevation where the ferrihydrite-bearing unit formed under colder conditions than the smectites. The change in stratigraphy from smectites to ferrihydrite is consistent with a decrease in global temperature during the Hesperian.
Osteopontin-targeted probe detects orthotopic breast cancers using optoacoustic imaging.

Improved detection of breast cancer using highly sensitive, tumor-specific imaging would facilitate diagnosis, surveillance and assessment of response to treatment. We conjugated osteopontin peptide to an infrared fluorescent dye to serve as a contrast agent for detection of breast cancer by multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Selective binding of the osteopontin-based probe was identified using flow cytometry and near infrared fluorescent imaging in triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Osteopontin-750 accumulation was evaluated in vivo using MSOT with secondary confirmation of signal accumulation using near infrared fluorescent imaging. The osteopontin-based probe demonstrated binding to breast cancer cells in vitro. Similarly, after intravenous administration of the osteopontin-750 probe, it accumulated preferentially in the subcutaneous breast tumor in nude mice (557 MSOT a.u. compared to untargeted organs such as kidney (53.7 MSOT a.u.) and liver (32.1 MSOT a.u.). At 2.5 h post-injection, signal intensity within the tumor was 9.7 and 17 times greater in the tumor bed than in the kidney or liver, respectively. Fluorescence imaging ex vivo comparing tumor signal to that of nontarget organs confirmed the results in vivo. MSOT imaging demonstrated selective accumulation of the fluorescent osteopontin targeting probe to tumor sites both in vitro and in vivo, and provided high-resolution images. Further development of this tool is promising for advanced diagnostic imaging, disease surveillance and therapeutic models that limit nontarget toxicity.
Silk, slaves, and stupas: material culture of the Silk Road

In Silk, Slaves, and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road, Susan Whitfield reminds her readers once again why she so thoroughly deserves her reputation as one of the most accomplished of all S...
Spatial analysis of landscape and sociodemographic factors associated with green stormwater infrastructure distribution in Baltimore, Maryland and Portland, Oregon.

Abstract This study explores the spatial distribution of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) relative to sociodemographic and landscape characteristics in Portland, OR, and Baltimore, MD, USA at census block group (CBG) and census tract scales. GSI density is clustered in Portland, while it is randomly distributed over space in Baltimore. Variables that exhibit relationships with GSI density are varied over space, as well as between cities. In Baltimore, GSI density is significantly associated with presence of green space (+), impervious surface coverage (+), and population density (−) at the CBG scale; though these relationships vary over space. At the census tract scale in Baltimore, a different combination of indicators explains GSI density, including elevation (+), population characteristics, and building characteristics. Spatial regression analysis in Portland indicates that GSI density at the CBG scale is associated with residents identifying as White (−) and well-draining hydrologic soil groups A and B (−). At both census tract and CBG scales, GSI density is associated with median income (−) and sewer pipe density (−). Hierarchical modelling of GSI density presents significant spatial dependence as well as group dependence implicit to Portland at the census tract scale. Significant results of this model retain income and sewer pipe density as explanatory variables, while introducing the relationship between GSI density and impervious surface coverage. Overall, this research offers decision-relevant information for urban resilience in multiple environments and could serve as a reminder for cities to consider who is inherently exposed to GSI benefits.
Laboratory constraints on feeding behaviours in polymorphic bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Evaluating fish feeding behaviours is imperative to understanding prey resource use in the field. Previous work on fish feeding has taken place almost exclusively in a laboratory setting, which may impose artificial restrictions. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the constraints the captive setting places on fish feeding behaviours. We recorded polymorphic (littoral and pelagic) bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) feeding in the laboratory and the field using a high‐speed camera and underwater cameras. Following successful strikes video events, were digitised using ImageJ (laboratory) and Argus (field). Gape velocity, ram velocity, and body deceleration were higher in the field than in captive fish. Significantly greater gape velocity in field fish suggests that these fish feed with greater suction pressure than captive fish. Prey effects were detected, as brine shrimp feeding events were characterised by slower gape and ram velocities and a smaller gape. Feeding events on brine shrimp in the field were similar to feeding events on worms in the laboratory suggesting an artefact of training. These results indicate that feeding behaviours measured in the laboratory may not be representative of feeding behaviours in the wild. Further consideration of organismal performance and laboratory constraints should be taken in future functional studies.
Imaging DNA Equilibrated onto Mica in Liquid Using Biochemically Relevant Deposition Conditions

For over 25 years, imaging of DNA by atomic force microscopy has been intensely pursued. Ideally, such images are then used to probe the physical properties of DNA and characterize protein-DNA interactions. The atomic flatness of mica makes it the preferred substrate for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) imaging, but the negative charge of mica and DNA hinders deposition. Traditional methods for imaging DNA and protein-DNA complexes in liquid have drawbacks: DNA conformations with an anomalous persistence length ( p), low SNR, and/or ionic deposition conditions detrimental to preserving protein-DNA interactions. Here, we developed a process to bind DNA to mica in a buffer containing both MgCl2 and KCl that resulted in high SNR images of equilibrated DNA in liquid. Achieving an equilibrated 2D configuration ( i. e., p = 50 nm) not only implied a minimally perturbative binding process but also improved data quality and quantity because the DNA's configuration was more extended. In comparison to a purely NiCl2-based protocol, we showed that an 8-fold larger fraction (90%) of 680-nm-long DNA molecules could be quantified. High-resolution images of select equilibrated molecules revealed the right-handed structure of DNA with a helical pitch of 3.5 nm. Deposition and imaging of DNA was achieved over a wide range of monovalent and divalent ionic conditions, including a buffer containing 50 mM KCl and 3 mM MgCl2. Finally, we imaged two protein-DNA complexes using this protocol: a restriction enzyme bound to DNA and a small three-nucleosome array. We expect such deposition of protein-DNA complexes at biochemically relevant ionic conditions will facilitate biophysical insights derived from imaging diverse protein-DNA complexes.
Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with an increased risk for post-surgical infection following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Abstract Background/Purpose Perioperative blood transfusion is common after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and may predispose patients to infectious complications. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between perioperative blood transfusion and the development of post-surgical infection after PD. Methods Patients who underwent PD from 2014 to 2015 were identified in the NSQIP pancreas-specific database. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to identify an independent association between perioperative red blood cell transfusion (within 72 h of surgery) and the development of post-operative infection after 72 h. Results A total of 6869 patients underwent PD during this time period. Of these, 1372 (20.0%) patients received a perioperative blood transfusion. Patients receiving transfusion had a higher rate of post-operative infection (34.7% vs 26.5%, p Conclusion There is a strong independent association between perioperative blood transfusion and the development of subsequent post-operative infection following PD.
Astym ® therapy improves FOTO ® outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal disorders: an observational study

Background: Current healthcare providers function in an environment where there is increased emphasis on value-based models of reimbursement; therefore, the delivery of better patient outcomes is critical. Consequently, it is necessary to identify successful treatments that improve outcomes and can be applied across a broad range of clinic settings, treatment styles and therapist expertise. Methods: Data from 2,450 patients who received Astym therapy as component of their outpatient rehabilitation (treatment group) was matched to data from 2,450 randomly chosen patients with similar orthopedic impairments who did not receive Astym therapy during their rehabilitation (control group). Data was collected across 116 clinics in 17 U.S. states. All patients completed a standardized functional status survey at admission and at discharge. The effectiveness (discharge functional status score), efficiency (number of treatment visits, treatment duration) and utilization (unit of functional improvement per visit) was compared across two groups. Ethics approval was not required for this study as this is an observational study, with both sets of participants receiving actual (not placebo) treatment. Results: Compared to the control sample, patients who received Astym therapy as part of their rehabilitation had higher discharge functional status (FS) scores (68.5 vs . 64.5, F 1,4897 =53.1, P vs . 1.9, ANCOVA F 1,4897 =5.5, P=0.019), and after risk adjustment, had the same number of visits. There was no difference in duration of treatment episode across groups (Astym, 47.8±31.1 days; control, 47.5±30.0 days) (ANCOVA F 1,4897 =1.7, P=0.199). Conclusions: Patients with musculoskeletal disorders who received Astym therapy as part of the treatment process experienced increased treatment effectiveness as compared to those who did not receive Astym therapy. The addition of Astym therapy improved physical therapy outcomes for patients across a broad range of treatment styles, clinical settings and therapist expertise.
The receptor CD44 is associated with systemic insulin resistance and proinflammatory macrophages in human adipose tissue

Aims/hypothesis Proinflammatory immune cell infiltration in human adipose tissue is associated with the development of insulin resistance. We previously identified, via a gene expression-based genome-wide association study, the cellsurface immune cell receptor CD44 as a functionally important gene associated with type 2 diabetes. We then showed that, compared with controls, Cd44 knockout mice were protected from insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation during diet-induced obesity. We thus sought to test whether CD44 is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in humans. Methods Participants included 58 healthy, overweight/ moderatelyobese white adultswho met predetermined criteria for insulin resistance or insulin sensitivity based on the modified insulin-suppression test. Serum was collected from 43 participants to measure circulating concentrations of CD44. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 17 participants to compare CD44, its ligand osteopontin (OPN, also known as SPP1) and pro-inflammatory gene expression. CD44 expression on adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) surfaces was determined by flow cytometry. Results Serum CD44 concentrations were significantly increased in insulin-resistant (IR) participants. CD44 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was threefold higher in the IR subgroup. The expression of OPN, CD68 and IL6 was also significantly elevated in IR individuals. CD44 gene expressioncorrelatedsignificantly withCD68andIL6expression. CD44 density on ATMs was associated with proinflammatory M1 polarisation. Conclusions/interpretation CD44andOPNinhumanadipose tissueareassociatedwithlocalisedinflammationandsystemic insulin resistance. This receptor–ligand pair is worthy of further research as a potentially modifiable contributor to human insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Identification and illustration of relationships between produced gas and water in marcellus under different spatial and temporal domains through data-driven analytics - Nonparametric model

Abstract Understanding the relationship between produced gas and flowback/produced water is important for both shale gas well operation optimization and well performance enhancement; however, it is not fully understood due to complex flow mechanisms and interactions/feedback among various geoscience and engineering controls. Data-driven analysis, as an alternative way, could inversely provide valuable insights on the relationship between produced gas and water, to adjust future development plans for well/regional optimal economic production. An auto-updated nonlinear data analytics method was applied to evaluate the relationship between water and gas in different spatial and temporal domains, to inversely correlate the micro-scale flow mechanisms from macro-scale data. In this study, the cases were covered with both wet and dry shale gas regions, as well as short and long shale gas production periods. Fracture-fluid flowback is defined as water production within one month, following a fracture treatment (exclusive of well shut-in time), and the produced water is 1–3 years cumulative water production. 114 wells from the Marcellus Formation, in wet and dry gas regions of northwestern West Virginia, were selected to investigate the relationship between fracture-fluid flowback and corresponding one-month gas production. 67 Marcellus wells in Pennsylvania were selected to study the relationship between produced water and corresponding gas production across different time periods ranging from one to three years. The results indicate that the relationship between gas and fracture-fluid flowback in the wet gas region is positive while negative in the dry gas region. The discussion of water flow format was done by comparing the water gas ratio at reservoir conditions and at the surface condition. WGR (water gas ratio) is high (>9 bbl/mmcf) during the 1st-year and then leveled off at 3 bbl/mmcf after the 1st-year, indicating water initially be produced through displacement, and then be produced through evaporation.
Outcome of Recombinant Factor VIIa Use for Alveolar Hemorrhage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Background: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is being widely used as an adjunct to conventional chemoradiotherapy for many hematologic and solid malignancies and some non-malignant hematologic conditions. Alveolar Hemorrhage (AH), seen in 1 to 19% of HSCT recipients has a mortality of 70–100%. Case reports have suggested that administration of recombinant factor VIIa to patients with AH results in rapid clinical improvement and improved survival. Objectives: To study the impact of recombinant Factor VIIa administration in HSCT recipients with AH at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy after HSCT between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 for a presumptive diagnosis of AH. Outcome measures analyzed included requirement for positive pressure ventilation over the six months following bronchoscopy, the length of index hospitalization and survival. Pearson chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: Eighty seven patients were diagnosed with AH during the study period. Recombinant factor VIIa was administered to 24 patients with alveolar hemorrhage. All 24 patients received high dose steroids and intensive supportive care. Along with factor VIIa, 16 patients received platelet transfusions to keep platelet count above 50×10 9 /L, 4 received desmopressin (DDAVP), and 3 received aminocaproic acid. Only 63% were alive at 30 days after bronchoscopy and 38% after 6 months. Overall, 17 of the 24 patients (71%) receiving factor VIIa died during the study period. Seventy five percent required positive pressure ventilation within 6 months of diagnosis. The median duration of hospitalization was 11 days (SD ± 10 days). No thrombotic complications were observed in any of these 24 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in median survival, 1 and 6-month survival, requirement for positive pressure ventilation, respiratory failure as the cause of death, or duration of hospital stay after bronchoscopy between patients with AH who received factor VIIa and those who did not (p=>0.6 for all outcomes). Conclusion: In our study of 24 patients with AH who received recombinant factor VIIa for AH, no significant improvement in survival or alteration in the hospital course was observed. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of Factor VII for this indication.
Chalcogenide topological insulators

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the chalcogenide materials systems that host the topological insulator phase of quantum matter. Specifically, the HgTe quantum well 2D topological insulator system and the V2VI3-type bismuth- and antimony-chalcogenide 3D topological insulator systems will be described. The chapter includes a general introduction to topological insulator systems, a description of the various growth methods for the synthesis of chalcogenide topological insulator materials, a review of notable studies and discoveries along with a description of several exotic topological states that have been shown to exist or are predicted to exist in these materials, and an outlook and summary.
Inflammatory osteolysis is regulated by site-specific ISGylation of the scaffold protein NEMO

Inflammatory osteolysis is governed by exacerbated osteoclastogenesis. Ample evidence points to central role of NF-κB in such pathologic responses, yet the precise mechanisms underpinning specificity of these responses remain unclear. We propose that motifs of the scaffold protein IKKγ/NEMO partly facilitate such functions. As proof-of-principle, we used site-specific mutagenesis to examine the role of NEMO in mediating RANKL-induced signaling in mouse bone marrow macrophages, known as osteoclast precursors. We identified lysine (K)270 as a target regulating RANKL signaling as K270A substitution results in exuberant osteoclastogenesis in vitro and murine inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, we discovered that K270A mutation disrupts autophagy, stabilizes NEMO, and elevates inflammatory burden. Specifically, K270A directly or indirectly hinders binding of NEMO to ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein, which we show targets the modified proteins to autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that NEMO serves as a toolkit to fine-tune specific signals in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Finally on Track: Interactions of Off-Track with Plex-Sema Pathway and Glycosaminoglycans.

In this issue of Structure, Rozbesky et al. (2020) report evidence for direct molecular interactions between Drosophila OTK with Sema1a and glycosaminoglycans, providing insights for OTK's mode of action in axon guidance and possibly in Wnt signaling.
Investigation of Bowel Function with Anorectal Manometry in a Rat Spinal Cord Contusion Model.

Bowel dysfunction after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common source of morbidity and rehospitalization. Typical complications include constipation, fecal impaction, incontinence, abdominal ...
Students' metarepresentational competence with matrix notation and Dirac notation in quantum mechanics

Upper division physics students do not only come to quantum mechanics with difficulties; they also come with strengths, including the ability to critique and understand the general purposes of the various notations used within quantum mechanics.
Plastic exposure and urological malignancies - an emerging field.

Plastics have an integral role in our daily lives but at a considerable cost to the environment and, as we are now learning, to human health. Increased plastic exposure has been linked to compromised endocrine function, reproductive health and semen quality and, potentially, urological cancers. However, the long-term consequences of plastic exposure remain to be seen.
Frequency measurements and self-broadening of sub-Doppler transitions in the $v_1+v_3$ band of C$_2$H$_2$

Frequency comb-referenced measurements of sub-Doppler laser saturation dip absorption lines in the $v_1+v_3$ band of acetylene near $1.5\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ are reported. These measurements include transitions involving higher rotational levels than previously frequency measured in this band. The accuracy of the measured frequencies is typically better than 10 kHz. Measurements of the observed sub-Doppler line widths as a function of pressure showed that the self pressure-broadening coefficients are about 3.5 times larger than those derived from conventional pressure broadening of unsaturated Doppler-limited spectra. This is attributed to the contribution of velocity-changing collisions to the total dephasing rate in the low pressure sub-Doppler measurements. At higher pressures, when the homogeneous broadening becomes comparable to the typical Doppler shift per elastic collision, the velocity changing collisions cease to contribute significantly to the incremental pressure broadening. A time-dependent soft collision model is developed to illustrate the transition between low and high pressure regimes of sub-Doppler pressure-broadening.
Managed wildfire, drought, and overstory survival: a case study in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas

Fire managers are increasingly using natural ignitions to restore and maintain fire-adapted ecosystems. Managing natural ignitions after decades of suppression, however, holds inherent ecological, economic, and personal risks. During the severe drought of 2011, fire management staff on the Ouachita National Forest used a range of strategies to manage the lightning-ignited High Peak Wildfire because full suppression was infeasible and there were potential resource benefits (e.g., restoration of desired forest structure and composition). Because of concerns that the combined effect of drought and fire could adversely affect overstory tree health and timber value, we established plots in burned and unburned areas in dry and dry-mesic pine-oak forests and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations immediately after the fire, and remeasured them 2 and 5 y post-burn. Between inferred pre-burn condition and 2 y post-burn, overstory trees across community types were resistant to fire (94% survival) while midstory trees were less resistant (35% survival). Survival between 2 and 5 y post-burn was near 100% for both overstory and midstory. Both the density and diversity of the midstory were reduced by 2 y post-burn, which had the desired effect of moving forest structure and composition toward an open woodland condition. This study provides evidence that wildfire, even in a drought, can be used in restoration efforts and that overstory trees in dry and dry-mesic pine-oak forests and pine plantations of the Ouachita Mountains can survive with little effect on resource values, provided that weather and fuel conditions are conducive to low- and moderate-severity burning.
Go Forth and Prosper: Language Modeling with Ancient Textual History.

We introduce a technique for improving document-level language models (LM) by leveraging "ancient history": text that is outside the LM's current context window. We learn an auxiliary function to select spans from the ancient history which can help the LM to predict future text. The selected text spans are then copied directly into the LM's context window, replacing less predictive spans. This method can improve perplexity of pretrained LMs with no updates to the LM's own parameters. We further observe that an auxiliary function trained in a specific textual domain like Wikipedia will also work in a substantially different domain such as scientific publications. With this technique we see a 7 percent perplexity reduction on Wikipedia articles, and a 12 percent perplexity reduction on scientific texts.
Impact of Stroke Call on Career Satisfaction and Burnout for Academic Neurointerventionalists: A Grounded Theory Model

Background The demand of thrombectomy treatment for acute ischemic stroke increased dramatically in the United States after the publication of 5 pivotal trials in 2015. The impact of call burden on career satisfaction and burnout in neurointerventionalists has not been explored. Methods A qualitative approach was chosen to obtain rich, detailed accounts of physician experiences. From July 2018 to July 2019, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews (mean duration, 43 minutes) with 16 academic neurointerventionalists from various institutions in the United States. Participants were chosen from the Society of Neurointerventional Surgery to include multiple specialties, career stages, and geographic locations. Key themes/subthemes were organized into a conceptual model and shown by exemplary quotes. Results Participants report a diverse range of previously uncharacterized ways in which stroke call responsibilities affect their lives. Unrealistic performance expectations, discipline-based inequalities, poor organizational workflow, limited opportunities for growth and advancement, and lack of control over call conditions are some of the key themes identified. Participants describe a need for interventions that address both the issues of workload stress (i.e., resources for stroke call and administrative work) and their ability to accomplish professional goals (i.e., flexible work arrangements, leadership autonomy support, and organizational value congruence). Conclusions The burden of stroke call has strong implications for career satisfaction and burnout in neurointerventionalists. This model can be used by hospitals, departments, and physician groups to better conceptualize conditions that facilitate burnout and attrition. Changes to hospital management practices and culture may be the most productive focal areas for intervention.
Postdischarge Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Are not Associated with Risk of Hematoma after Lumpectomy and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Multimodal Analgesia

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly used in ambulatory breast surgery. The risk of hematoma associated with intraoperative ketorolac is low, but whether concomitant routine discharge with NSAIDs increases the risk of hematoma is unclear. We retrospectively identified patients who underwent lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and compared the 30-day risk of hematoma between patients discharged with opioids (opioid period: January 2018–August 2018) and patients discharged with NSAIDs with or without opioids (NSAID period: January 2019–April 2020). The association between study period and hematoma risk was assessed using multivariable models. Covariates included intraoperative ketorolac, home aspirin, and race/ethnicity. During the NSAID period, a survey was used to assess analgesic consumption on postoperative days 1–5. In total, 2724 patients were identified: 858 (31%) in the opioid period and 1866 (69%) in the NSAID period. In the NSAID period, 867 (46%) received NSAIDs and opioids, and 999 (54%) received NSAIDs only. Receipt of intraoperative ketorolac was higher in the NSAID period (78 vs. 64%, P < 0.001). The risks of any hematoma (4.1 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.6) and reoperation for bleeding (0.5 vs. 0.6%, P = 0.8) were similar between groups. Study period was not associated with hematoma risk (odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.35, P = 0.5). Among survey respondents (41%), nonopioid analgesic consumption did not increase after opioids were removed from the discharge regimen (median, 6 pills/group, P = 0.06). NSAIDs are associated with a low risk of hematoma after lumpectomy and SLNB, and should be prescribed instead of opioids, unless contraindicated.
Identification and evaluation of 4-anilinoquin(az)olines as potent inhibitors of both dengue virus (DENV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV).

There is an urgent need for novel strategies for the treatment of emerging arthropod-borne viral infections, including those caused by dengue virus (DENV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). We prepared and screened focused libraries of 4-anilinoquinolines and 4-anilinoquinazolines for antiviral activity and identified three potent compounds. N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine (10) inhibited DENV infection with an EC50 = 0.25 µM, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine (27) demonstrated an EC50 = 0.50 µM against VEEV, and an advanced lead, N-(3-ethynyl-4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine (54) had a potent antiviral activity (EC50 = 0.60 µM) for VEEV. These series of compounds demonstrated nearly no toxicity with CC50 values greater than 10 µM in all cases. These promising results provide a future prospective to develop a clinical compound against these emerging viral threats.
Demographic Characterization of Anonymous Trace Travel Data

Research was undertaken to determine whether demographic characteristics of individual travelers could be derived from travel pattern information when no information about the individual was available. This question is relevant in the context of anonymously collected travel information, such as cell phone traces, when used for travel demand modeling. Determining the demographics of a traveler from such data could partially obviate the need for large-scale collection of travel survey data, depending on the purpose for which the data were to be used. This research complements methodologies used to identify activity stops, purposes, and mode types from raw trace data and presumes that such methods exist and are available. The paper documents the development of procedures for taking raw activity streams estimated from GPS trace data and converting these into activity travel pattern characteristics that are then combined with basic land use information and used to estimate various models of demographic charact...
Indirect Revenue Maximization, Indirect Cost Minimization and Profit Maximization

Chapters 1, 2 and 3 have established a variety of representations of technology, with and without constraint. In this chapter we employ these to model various optimization problems typically faced by firms, modified to include budget and revenue targets.
A quantified study of facial asymmetry in 3D faces

With the rapid development of 3D imaging technology, the wide usage of 3D surface information for research and applications is becoming a convenient reality. We focus on a quantified analysis of facial asymmetry of more than 100 3D human faces (individuals). We investigate whether facial asymmetry differs statistically significantly from a bilateral symmetry assumption, and the role of global and local facial asymmetry for gender discrimination.
Oxidation of Diesel Particulates by Catalyzed Wall-Flow Monolith Filters. 2. Regeneration Characteristics of Platinum, Lithium, and Platinum-Lithium Catalyzed Filters

Regeneration characteristics of Pt, Li, and Pt-Li catalyzed wall-flow monolith (WFM) filters were examined in a reactor mounted in the exhaust from a GM 4.3 L diesel engine. Regeneration rates were measured over a range of exhaust temperatures corresponding to various engine speeds and torques. A fresh 0.2 wt% Pt - 0.2 wt% Li filter regenerated much more rapidly than filters containing 0.2 wt% Pt, 0.4 wt% Pt, or 0.2 wt% Li. The data suggest that both Pt and Li operate as soot oxidation catalysts, with the Li following a redox mechanism proposed by McKee and Chatterji (Carbon 13, 381, 1975). Significant oxidation activity was observed with the fresh Pt-Li filter at temperatures as low as 350/sup 0/C, thus demonstrating activity at temperatures nearly within the normal operating range of light-duty GM diesel vehicles. The Pt-Li filter deactivated with time on stream due to reaction of lithium with SO/sub 2/ in the exhaust.
Optimal Embeddings in the Hamming Cube Networks

This paper studies network embeddings in the Hamming cubes, a recently designed interconnection topology for multicomputers. The Hamming cube networks are supergraphs of incomplete hypercubes such that the additional edges form an extra binomial spanning tree. The recursively constructible and unit incremental Hamming cubes have better properties than hypercubes, including half of logarithmic diameter and higher fault-tolerance. They also support simple routing and efficient broadcasting schemes. In this paper, we show that Hamiltonian paths and cycles of all lengths, complete binary trees and their several variants are subgraphs of Hamming cubes. Our embeddings have both dilation and expansion equal to one. Furthermore, taking advantage of the enhanced edges in the Hamming cubes, tree machines can be embedded with dilation of one and expansion of 7/6. Thus, Hamming cubes provide embeddings at a lower cost than (incomplete) hypercubes of the same size.
A Method for Tensile Test of Geotextiles with Confining Pressure

Geotextiles are playing an increasingly important role in civil and environment engineering applications. The performance characteristics of woven and nonwoven geotextiles and tensile test methods ...
Highly improved predictive skill in the forecasting of the East Asian summer monsoon

[1] The East Asian summer monsoon greatly influences the lives and property of about a quarter of the people in the world. However, the predictive skill of the monsoon is very low in comparison with that of the Indian summer monsoon because of the complexity of the system which involves both tropical and subtropical climates. Previous monsoon prediction models emphasized ocean factors as the primary monsoon forcing. Here we show that preseason land surface cover is at least as important as ocean indices. New statistical forecast models of the East Asian summer monsoon using land cover conditions in addition to ocean heat sources double and triple, respectively, the predictive skill of the northern and southern East Asian summer monsoon forecasting models relative to models using ocean factors alone. This work highlights the, as yet, undocumented importance of seasonal land cover in monsoon prediction and the role of the biosphere in the climate system as a whole. We also detail the physical mechanisms involved in these land surface forcings.
Spectroscopic Monitoring of RS CVn Stars at Kitt Peak Using the Penn State Fiber Optic Echelle

The Penn State Fiber Optic Echelle has been moved to Kitt Peak and works with either the coude feed telescope or 2.1 meter. It is about twice as efficient as the coude Camera No. 5 for similar bandpass at 600 nm and is comparable at 400 nm using the coude feed telescope. The high illumination stability afforded by the fiber is a decided advantage where spectrophotometric and radial velocity stability are at a premium, as in the study of active stars. We are using this instrument to intensively monitor about 10 regular RS CVn systems and about six short period and W UMa systems for a two week period each observing semester.
Decadal volcanic deformation in the Central Andes Volcanic Zone revealed by InSAR time series

[1] Decadal trends of volcanic deformation in the Central Andes Volcanic Zone (CVZ) are identified with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) stacks and time series velocity maps covering an area 19°S–27°S and 66°W–69°W. We combine over 750 ERS and Envisat interferograms from two descending and three ascending tracks. These tracks cover 100,000 km 2 and span 1992–2011. Our analysis extends observations at Cerro Blanco, Uturuncu, and Lazufre volcanic centers and uncovers two previously undocumented deformation centers: Cerro Overo in Northern Chile and Putana Volcano in Southwest Bolivia. Cerro Overo exhibits a transition from steady −0.4 cm/yr deflation to 0.5 cm/yr inflation over several years. Putana Volcano underwent a short-lived episode of uplift between 13 September 2009 and 31 January 2010, with a maximum uplift of 4.0 cm. Cerro Blanco continues −1.0 cm/yr deflation since 1995. Uplift at Lazufre began between 1997 and 2000 and has gradually accelerated to 3.5 cm/yr since 2005. Uturuncu volcano continues 1.0 cm/yr monotonic uplift since 1992 and shows evidence for a broad moat of subsidence surrounding the uplifting region. Four of the nine deformation events in the CVZ are not obviously associated with a particular volcanic edifice. Furthermore, there is significant spatial and temporal variability of these deformation events within a small geographic area.
Massive Nodular Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH) of the Breast Arising Simultaneously in the Axilla and Vulva

The authors describe a 52-year-old woman with a history of bilateral mastectomies for macromastia caused by massive nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH), who presented with 2 large growths in her left axilla and groin. These masses had been increasing in size for nearly a year. When excised, the axillary mass had dimensions of 14.0 × 14.0 × 5.5 cm(3) and weighed 664 g. The groin mass was slightly smaller at 14.5 × 11.0 × 5.0 cm(3) and 518 g. Microscopic examination of both masses revealed breast tissue expanded by a hyalinized stroma with prominent slit-like pseudovascular spaces, consistent with PASH. Small incidental foci of PASH are common findings in breast excisions; however, large nodular foci are rare. Furthermore, nodular foci in accessory breast tissue are exceedingly rarer and can raise clinical concerns for malignancy. Histopathologically, PASH can be mistaken for low-grade angiosarcoma. To the authors' knowledge, the present case appears to be the first description of multiple simultaneous foci of massive nodular PASH arising in accessory breast tissue.
The pelvis: T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging.

Fast spin-echo (SE) T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides images with highly T2-weighted contrast in substantially reduced imaging times. In a prospective evaluation, fast SE T2-weighted imaging of the pelvis was compared with conventional SE T2-weighted imaging in 30 consecutive patients in whom pelvic pathologic conditions were suspected. Three reviewers independently analyzed the images for (a) overall image quality, (b) pelvic organ definition, (c) conspicuity of pelvic fluid, and (d) conspicuity of pelvic pathologic conditions. Fast SE images were rated superior to conventional SE T2-weighted images in 60% (54 of 90) of the case reviews for overall image quality, in 69% (62 of 90) for pelvic organ definition, in 63% (57 of 90) for conspicuity of pelvic fluid, and in 68% (43 of 63) for conspicuity of pelvic pathologic conditions. The fast SE examinations were typically three to four times faster than conventional SE T2-weighted examinations. No pathologic findings seen on conventional S...
Simplified and improved methylation analysis of saccharides, using a modified procedure and thin-layer chromatography

Abstract Methylation analysis used in determining the positions of glycosidic linkages in oligo- and poly-saccharides has been greatly simplified by eliminating two of the usual reactions, reduction and acetylation of the methylated monosaccharide residues. The saccharides are methylated by the Hakomori procedure, followed by acid hydrolysis and analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The procedure is illustrated by analysis of four known disaccharides, cyclomaltohexaose, and eleven polysaccharides. 2,3,4,6- Tetra -O- methyl- d -glucose , 2,3,4,6- tetra -O- methyl- d -galactose , and 2,3,4,6- tetra -O- methyl- d -mannose , three isomeric tri -O- methyl- d -glucoses, tri -O- methyl- d -mannoses , and tri -O- methyl- d -galactoses , three isomeric di -O- methyl- d -glucoses , and mono -O- methyl- d -glucose are resolved by the TLC system. The O -methylated sugars can be quantitated directly on the TLC plate by using imaging densitometry. The new procedure permits any laboratory to carry out the analyses with a minimum of expense and without the need of dedicated, elaborate laboratory instrumentation. The procedure is sufficiently micro that it can be carried out on 1 mg of sample.
Comparison of alpha2 adrenoreceptors on arterial smooth muscle and brain homogenates from spontaneously hypertensive and wistar-kyoto normotensive rats

Alpha 2 adrenoreceptors are located on vascular smooth muscle of the rat tail artery. In the present study this receptor was studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Adrenergic agonists were used to produce isometric contractions of helically-cut tail artery strips from SHR and WKY. Clonidine and guanabenz, alpha 2 agonists, were more potent in the SHR than in the WKY (e.g. clonidine: EC50 SHR = 3.5 +/- 0.6 X 10(-8) M; EC50 WKY = 17.0 +/- 0.2 X 10(-8) M; P less than 0.0005). There was no difference in potency between the alpha 1 agonists, phenylephrine and methoxamine. Yohimbine, an alpha 2 antagonist, was more potent in inhibiting the clonidine-induced contraction in the SHR (pA2 = 7.66 versus 7.14). To determine the number of alpha 2 adrenoreceptors, the specific binding of 3H-clonidine to homogenates of tail artery and of five brain areas was also measured. The maximum number of high-affinity sites on the tail artery was threefold greater in SHR than in WKY (31 +/- 5 versus 11 +/- 3 fmol/mg protein, P less than 0.0005). No differences in the number or affinity of alpha 2 receptor sites was found in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, locus coeruleus or parietal cortex of the two strains of rat. There was a difference in the amygdala (SHR: 163 +/- 16 versus WKY: 108 +/- 14, P less than 0.05). The larger number of alpha 2 adrenoreceptors on the vascular smooth muscle in SHR may provide an explanation for the supersensitivity of SHR to adrenergic agonists.
In vivo visualization of chromosomes using lac operator-repressor binding

This article describes a new technique for direct, in vivo visualization of chromosome dynamics based on lac repressor recognition of direct repeats of the lac operator. The method allows the tagging of specific chromosomal sites and thus in situ localization with minimal perturbation of structure. Detection by light microscopy, using GFP-repressor fusion proteins or immunofluorescence, can be complemented by higher-resolution electron microscopy using immunogold staining. Applications of this method will facilitate the investigation of interphase chromosome dynamics, as well as chromosome segregation during cell division in organisms that lack cytologically condensed chromosomes.
The fast-slow form of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in children

An unusual form of atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentry is described as the underlying mechanism for incessant tachycardia in two children. During tachycardia a fast pathway was utilized for anterograde conduction and a slow pathway for retrograde conduction. This is the reverse of the usual form of A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia, in which the slow pathway is utilized for anterograde conduction and the fast pathway for retrograde conduction. One patient had a smooth ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction curve demonstrating exclusive utilization of the slow pathway for retrograde conduction. The other had a discontinuous V-A conduction curve demonstrating failure of retrograde fast pathway conduction with resultant slow pathway conduction. In both cases the retrograde effective refractory period of the fast pathway was longer than that of the slow pathway, resulting in the establishment of this unusual reentry circuit. Both patients had a superior P axis with a P-R interval shorter than the R-P interval during tachycardia, features described in a significant number of children with incessant tachycardia. This unusual form of reentrant tachycardia can be suggested by its electrocardiographic pattern and is another mechanism for reentrant tachycardia not previously documented in children.
Factorization rules in Quantum Teichmuller theory

Unrestricted For a punctured surface, a point of its Teichmuller space determines a representation of its quantized Teichmuller space. We analyze the behavior of these representations as one goes to infinity in the Teichmuller space, or in the moduli space of the surface. The result we obtain is analogous to the factorization rule found in conformal field theory.