cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the PICU

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a therapeutic option for patients with bone marrow failure, certain malignancies and inborn errors of metabolism. Complications requiring intensive care are frequent, and intensivists need to be familiar with the transplantation process and the disorders that are unique to these patients. The transplant process involves the use of high dose chemotherapy or radiation, followed by intravenous infusion of stem cells matched with the recipient at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci. Full recovery of a normal immune system can take a year or more, so following transplantation, patients are exquisitely susceptible to infections. Moreover, complications such as graft versus host disease, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy are common in the first hundred days after stem cell infusion. Respiratory failure is a common presentation necessitating intensive care admission and may be due to infectious or non-infectious causes. Mechanical ventilation may be needed along with broad spectrum anti-microbial coverage; corticosteroids are commonly used if graft versus host disease is present. Acute graft versus host disease is most frequent in children receiving grafts from unrelated donors and results in significant morbidity. Increased immunosuppression is the cornerstone of therapy for graft versus host disease, and protection of the children from infection is essential to survival. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy may lead to multiple organ failure with limited therapeutic options, but both disorders can resolve with good supportive care during the period of organ failure. Outcomes for patients who develop multiple organ failure following SCT remain poor despite aggressive supportive care, however, children with failure of a single organ can do well. Integrated multi-disciplinary care between intensivists and transplant physicians, and other specialists such as nephrologists and pulmonologists leads to improved outcomes.
Making Influence Visible: Innovating Ethnography at the Paris Climate Summit

Although Indigenous Peoples make significant contributions to global environmental governance and were prominent actors at the 2015 Paris Climate Summit, COP21, they remain largely invisible in con...
Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution Demands Dignity

This chapter examines the historical background and political economy causal factors leading up to Tunisia’s 2011 revolution that removed from power the dictator Zain al-Abidine Ben Ali. Comparisons are presented between Tunisia’s case and those of Libya, Egypt, Yemen, and Syria, which also experienced their own “Arab Awakening” uprisings and revolutions. In 2011, pro-democracy movements erupted to the surface and ousted dictators and regimes from power. The protest movements of the Arab Awakening “weaponized” defiance with massive non-violent—albeit angry—street protests and demonstrations. All of these uprisings and revolutions have been inspired by Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution, which demanded freedoms, rights, and dignity. The impetus for Tunisia’s revolution was Mohamed Bouazizi, who set himself on fire on December 17, 2010. The rest, as they say, is history. Since then, Tunisia has remained committed to non-violent transitions through political dialogue, negotiations, and compromises in the spirit of preserving and protecting its nascent democracy.
Happy Birthday, You Get To Vote

Automatic Voter Registration (AVR) systems register to vote all eligible individuals who transact with proscribed government agencies, most commonly the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMVs). Many individuals interact with the DMV due to the need to renew their drivers’ licenses. Because licenses expire on birthdays, an individual’s birth date can be used as an exogenous reason why some individuals are registered to vote in time for an election, whereas others are not. Our analysis compares registration and voting rates for individuals with birth dates prior and subsequent to the voter registration deadline. After calculating a causal effect of AVR on turnout at the individual level, we extrapolate this effect to the overall effect of AVR on total voter turnout by state.
Fetal sex discordance between noninvasive prenatal screening results and sonography: A single institution's experience and review of the literature

Background With the increasing availability of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) and high-resolution ultrasound, more cases of sex discordance are being identified in routine clinical practice. This can be a source of much concern for families and clinicians. Knowledge about the limitations of NIPS and reasons for discordant results are critical for counseling parents. Aims Here, we present three cases from a single tertiary care referral center. We also review the literature to address potential limitations of NIPS in correctly identifying fetal sex chromosomes. Materials and methods After Institutional Review Board approval, cases of discordant fetal sex were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. In addition, departmental counseling database and cytogenetics laboratory logbooks were reviewed. Results In our first case, a 37-year-old G4 P2012 underwent NIPS at 11 weeks gestation and Monosomy X (associated with Turner syndrome) was identified. Morphological sonographic assessment at 20 weeks gestation was consistent with a female fetus following an amniocentesis at 16 weeks that revealed normal 46, XX karyotype. During the third trimester, the patient was diagnosed with Stage IV invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Postnatal follow-up of the neonate was consistent with a phenotypic female. In the second case, a 22-year-old G2 P1001 obese female underwent NIPS at 14 weeks gestation and normal 46, XY karyotype was identified. Morphological sonographic assessment at 20 weeks was not consistent with a male fetus. The patient declined invasive testing. Postnatally, the karyotype was 46, XX and the neonate was phenotypically female. The reason for the discordant results was not identified. In the third case, a 25-year-old G1 P0 obese female underwent NIPS at 13 weeks gestation and normal 46, XY karyotype was identified. Morphological sonographic assessment at 20 weeks was indeterminate; however, follow-up at 24 weeks was consistent with a female fetus. The patient declined invasive prenatal testing. Postnatally, the karyotype was 46, XX, and the neonate was phenotypically female with uterus present on ultrasound. The reason for the discordant results was not identified. Discussion Our cases demonstrate possible limitations of NIPS in correctly identifying sex chromosomes. Conclusions Providers and patients need to be aware of these limitations, and invasive diagnostic prenatal testing should be offered in cases of discordance between NIPS and sonographic sex assessment.
Enhanced genetically encoded voltage indicators advance their applications in neuroscience

Genetically encoded voltage indicators report membrane voltage with high spatiotemporal resolution. Extensive recent efforts to improve the GEVIs' brightness, sensitivity, and kinetics have greatly increased the GEVIs' signal-to-noise performance over ten-fold and lowered their response time to the sub-millisecond regime. Such capabilities have broadened the GEVIs' ability to measure membrane voltage of neural populations at cellular resolution in vitro and in vivo, all at high speeds. The GEVIs' high voltage fidelity and fast response have revealed novel physiological phenomena in multiple neuroscientific applications. Such applications portend future targeted studies of voltage activity that take advantage of the GEVIs' ability to report rapid dynamics from genetically-targeted neural populations.
PEMIKIRAN MAO ZEDONG TENTANG DEMOKRASI BARU

Dunia di abad-21 meringis kesakitan. Dunia menuju 2 masa depan yang pasti: Entah kaum borjuis maha kuasa menghisap dunia hingga kering atau kaum proletariat menyelamatkan eksistensi dunia dengan menjatuhkan kekuasaan tiran kaum borjuis maha kuasa. Kaum borjuis menganggap 99% masyarakat sebagai “hewan ternak” yang hanya pantas untuk 8 jam kerja, 8 jam bermain, dan 8 jam tidur tanpa perlu berpikir kritis terhadap fakta kehidupan. Pemikiran Demokrasi borjuis liberal yang digagas oleh para intelektual borjuis seperti John Locke, Montesquieu dan Adam Smith yang mulanya bertujuan untuk melawan kekuasaan monarki absolut nyatanya telah bermutasi menjadi kediktatoran borjuis absolut berbentuk “Masyarakat Rahasia” yang menguasai dunia dari balik layar dan sudah jauh mengkhianati nilai-nilai yang mereka pegang di masa lalu. Penulis sebagai mahasiswa yang kritis dan berpikiran revolusioner merasa bertanggu n gjawab untuk memberitahukan kepada generasi muda negeri ini tentang apa yang terjadi dan apa yang harus dilakukan untuk melawan konspirasi gelap yang mengancam negeri kita dan dunia sekaligus memberikan alternatif bagi ideologi dan sistem yang ada yaitu Pemikiran yang sangat efektif dan pernah membuat kejutan di abad-20 yaitu Pemikiran Marxisme-Leninisme-Stalinisme-Maoisme dan sistem politik Demokrasi Baru. Tentunya kita harus berterima kasih ke pada para Pemimpin Hebat di masa lalu yang berhasil menciptakan ideologi tandingan untuk melawan rezim kediktatoran borjuis maha kuasa dan penulis juga seluruh masyarakat dapat menggunakan ideologi dan sistem ini menjadi senjata ampuh serupa “Bom Atom”. Penulis akan membuktikan kepada generasi muda bahwa ideologi Marxis-Leninis-Stalinis-Maois akan mampu menjadi ideologi perlawanan yang sejati dan bisa menyatu dengan tradisi dan dat istiadat negeri ini yang kaya hingga kita akan mengembalikan kejayaan dan kedaulatan negeri kita yang sudah lama dirampas oleh mereka para oligarki rakus yang yang menginginkan rakyat Indonesia tetap lemah, miskin dan teralienasi (baca: terasing) dari kehidupan mereka di dalam maupun luar rumah. Kebangkitan negeri kita hanyalah awal dari percikan api di padang rumput dunia yang luas yang kelak akan menyebar dan menciptakan kebakaran besar yang akan membakar rezim kediktatoran borjuis maha kuasa. Bentuk api itu adalah solidaritas proletariat dan petani sedunia yang akan menggebrak zaman dan membentuk Dunia Baru dengan sistem yang juga baru yaitu Demokrasi Baru.
Validity Evidence for a Daily, Online-delivered, Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ-SF) is a globally-used self-report measure of physical activity (PA). Validity evidence exists; none has evaluated the IPAQ-SF w...
The Implementation of China’s Rangeland Protection Program: The Case of Nagchu in the Tibet Autonomous Region

This article examines the implementation of China’s ongoing program for rangeland protection through the case of Nagchu in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The program's three goals are preventing rang...
Longitudinal Effects of Reminiscing and Emotion Training on Child Maladjustment in the Context of Maltreatment and Maternal Depressive Symptoms.

Exposure to child maltreatment and maternal depression are significant risk factors for the development of psychopathology. Difficulties in caregiving, including poor emotion socialization behavior, may mediate these associations. Thus, enhancing supportive parent emotion socialization may be a key transdiagnostic target for preventive interventions designed for these families. Reminiscing and Emotion Training (RET) is a brief relational intervention designed to improve maternal emotion socialization behavior by enhancing maltreating mothers’ sensitive guidance during reminiscing with their young children. This study evaluated associations between maltreatment, maternal depressive symptoms, and the RET intervention with changes in children’s maladjustment across one year following the intervention, and examined the extent to which intervention-related improvement in maternal emotion socialization mediated change in children’s maladjustment. Participants were 242 children (aged 36 to 86 months) and their mothers from maltreating (66%) and nonmaltreating (34%) families. Results indicated that RET intervention-related improvement in maternal sensitive guidance mediated the effects of RET on reduced child maladjustment among maltreated children one year later. By comparison, poor sensitive guidance mediated the effects of maltreatment on higher child maladjustment among families that did not receive the RET intervention. Direct effects of maternal depressive symptoms on child maladjustment were also observed. This suggests RET is effective in facilitating emotional and behavioral adjustment in maltreated children by improving maltreating mothers’ emotional socialization behaviors.
Online Preconditioning of Experimental Inkjet Hardware by Bayesian Optimization in Loop.

High-performance semiconductor optoelectronics such as perovskites have high-dimensional and vast composition spaces that govern the performance properties of the material. To cost-effectively search these composition spaces, we utilize a high-throughput experimentation method of rapidly printing discrete droplets via inkjet deposition, in which each droplet is comprised of a unique permutation of semiconductor materials. However, inkjet printer systems are not optimized to run high-throughput experimentation on semiconductor materials. Thus, in this work, we develop a computer vision-driven Bayesian optimization framework for optimizing the deposited droplet structures from an inkjet printer such that it is tuned to perform high-throughput experimentation on semiconductor materials. The goal of this framework is to tune to the hardware conditions of the inkjet printer in the shortest amount of time using the fewest number of droplet samples such that we minimize the time and resources spent on setting the system up for material discovery applications. We demonstrate convergence on optimum inkjet hardware conditions in 10 minutes using Bayesian optimization of computer vision-scored droplet structures. We compare our Bayesian optimization results with stochastic gradient descent.
Clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients.

GOAL: We aimed to assess the incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in vaccinated versus unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) at our center. METHODS: We abstracted the following clinical data from our transplant registry from 1/1/2021 to 6/2/2021: demographics, details of COVID-19 vaccination, incidence of COVID-19, and related mortality. We calculated incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 per 1000/person days at risk and incidence rate ratio (IRR). RESULTS: Among 2151 SOTRs, 912 were fully vaccinated, and 1239 were controls (1151 unvaccinated, 88 partially vaccinated). Almost 70% of vaccinated subjects received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. There were 65 cases of COVID-19 that occurred during the study period - four occurred among fully vaccinated individuals and 61 among controls (including two in partially vaccinated individuals). Incidence rate for COVID-19 was 0.065 (95% CI 0.024-0.17) per 1000 person days in vaccinated versus 0.34 (95% CI 0.26-0.44) per 1000/person days in the control group; IRR was 0.19 (95% CI 0.049 -0.503, p < 0.005). There were no COVID-19 related deaths in the four breakthrough infections and two of 61 (3.3%) among controls. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate real world clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in SOTRs with an almost 80% reduction in the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 versus unvaccinated SOTRs during the same time.
Hepatitis C virus research so far and in the future

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three researchers who contributed to the development of the disease concept ''non-A, non-B hepatitis'' and the isolation of its causative agent, hepatitis C virus (HCV). Technologies and experimental systems to analyze HCV have been greatly improved for these three decades, and the antiviral treatments against HCV have been developed. This review summarizes the effort to elucidate the HCV biology so far and the remaining subject to be solved in the future. I also introduce the studies to identify bioactive natural products by taking advantage of the HCV infection cell culture system.
Hydrological evaluation of the Noah‐MP land surface model for the Mississippi River Basin

[1] This study evaluates regional-scale hydrological simulations of the newly developed community Noah land surface model (LSM) with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP). The model is configured for the Mississippi River Basin and driven by the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 atmospheric forcing at 1/8° resolution. The simulations are compared with various observational data sets, including the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow and groundwater data, the AmeriFlux tower micrometeorological evapotranspiration (ET) measurements, the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)-observed soil moisture data, and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite-derived terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly data. Compared with these observations and to the baseline Noah LSM simulations, Noah-MP shows significant improvement in hydrological modeling for major hydrological variables (runoff, groundwater, ET, soil moisture, and TWS), which is very likely due to the incorporation of some major improvements into Noah-MP, particularly an unconfined aquifer storage layer for groundwater dynamics and an interactive vegetation canopy for dynamic leaf phenology. Noah-MP produces soil moisture values consistent with the SCAN observations for the top two soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–40 cm), indicating its great potential to be used in studying land-atmosphere coupling. In addition, the simulated groundwater spatial patterns are comparable to observations; however, the inclusion of groundwater in Noah-MP requires a longer spin-up time (34 years for the entire study domain). Runoff simulation is highly sensitive to three parameters: the surface dryness factor (α), the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k), and the saturated soil moisture (θmax).
Wong-Zakai Corrections, Random Evolutions, and Simulation Schemes for SDE's

Abstract A general weak limit theorem for solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by arbitrary semimartingales is applied to give a unified treatment of limit theorems for random evolutions and consistency results for numerical schemes for stochastic differential equations. The asymptotic distribution of the error in an Euler scheme is studied. The Wong-Zakai correction in the random evolution limit arises through an integration by parts.
Insights into the general circulation of the lower stratosphere from TOMS

Total ozone is controlled by dynamical advection as well as chemistry. At least for day-to-day variations, dynamical processes appear to be in control of total ozone. There also appears to be good evidence that seasonal and secular changes in total ozone are also dynamically controlled. For example, the zonal mean changes in total ozone in the two hemispheres in spring appear to be quite different. The TOMS total ozone data suggest a south polar spring upwelling while the Northern Hemisphere shows a clear downwelling in the same period. Radiative transfer computations support this conclusion. The secular changes in total ozone over the South Pole in spring indicate a change in dynamics rather than chemistry.
Experimental tests of the adaptive significance of sexual recombination

Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the advantages of sexual recombination — the exchange of hereditary material between different genomes or homologous chromosomes. Many of these candidate benefits have been evaluated in controlled laboratory experiments, which, collectively, strongly indicate that sexual recombination provides important long-term advantages.
Unexpected Realities: Lessons from China’s New English Textbook Implementation

Although studies have been done in China’s large cities on education policy issues, research is lacking on China’s smaller towns, which are more indicative of the situations throughout China. This article presents lessons learned from studying Chinese English teachers at four different schools that were adopting new English textbooks, in accordance with revised national education policy. Using conflict theory and social action theory as an analytical lens, and combining ethnographic and naturalistic inquiry as research methods, the article reports on the conflicts that the Chinese English teachers confronted as they were adopting the new English textbooks at the classroom level. Analysis of the implementation conflict resulted in lessons learned related to the influence of the traditional cultural and education structures, the impact of policy implementation contexts, and the availability of support systems for teachers. The lessons indicate that future education policymakers in both China and the United States need to be mindful of obstacles that teachers struggle to overcome when implementing new policies.
Retrosequences and Evolution of Alu Elements

Retrosequences make up almost half of the human genome. They insert in new locations via a ribonucleic acid (RNA) intermediate and can amplify to over a million copies, as is the case for Alu elements. Although almost any transcribed RNA may undergo occasional reverse transcription and insertion into the genome, most retrosequences are limited to a few types of retroelements with high retrotransposition efficiencies. Despite these high copy numbers, the vast majority of retroelements are defective and therefore the number of active copies is generally very low; thus, the evolution of these elements follows the evolution of these few active elements with the remainder representing ‘fossils’ of the active elements at any given evolutionary time. Keywords: short interspersed elements; long interspersed elements; Alu; evolution; mobile element; retroelement
A New Instrument for Determining Strength Profiles in Snow Cover

The Digital Thermo-Resistograph is a portable microprocessor-based data-probe system for quick and accurate field collection of snow-cover strength. This was accomplished by constructing a probe with a load cell, a small snow platform for probe-position information, and a Z-80 microprocessor-based data acquisition system. A 64 × 240 dot matrix LCD graphic display unit is used to show immediately complete strength profiles in the field. Sufficient memory for the storage of 25 profiles is provided. Temperature and temperature-gradient collection is also planned as a part of the instrument but as yet this work has not been completed. The results of winter 1984 field tests are presented. The Digital Thermo-Resistograph proved to be fast and reliable in collecting snow-strength information. Comparisons with the ram penetrometer are shown and suggestions for future developments are discussed.
Treating Affect Phobia: A Manual for Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy

Introduction Part I. Theory, Evaluation, and Formulation Chapter 1. Affect and Affect Phobia in Short-Term Treatment Chapter 2. Affect Phobia, Psychodynamic Conflict, and Malan's Two Triangles Chapter 3. Assessment and Selection of Treatment for the Patient Chapter 4. How to Formulate a Core Psychodynamic Conflict: Spotting Affect Phobias Part II. Defense and Affect Restructuring Introduction to Part II Chapter 5. Defense Restructuring Phase I: Defense Recognition Chapter 6. Defense Restructuring Phase II: Defense Relinquishing Chapter 7. Affect Restructuring Phase I: Affect Experiencing Chapter 8. Affect Restructuring Phase II: Affect Expression Part III. Self- and Other-Restructuring Introduction to Part III Chapter 9. Self-Restructuring: Building Compassion and Care for Self Chapter 10. Other-Restructuring: Building Adaptive Inner Images of Others Part IV. Diagnostic Considerations and Termination Chapter 11. Treating Specific Diagnoses: The Relationship between DSM Diagnoses and Affect Phobias Chapter 12. Termination Appendix. Answers to Exercises References
Screening for "prelysosomal disorders": carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes.

Physicians have become accustomed to thinking of certain inborn errors of metabolism (eg, lysosomal, peroxisomal, and mitochondrial diseases) as being associated with specific subcellular organelles. In recent years, a family of disorders of N-glycosylation has been recognized, in which the metabolic defect is expressed in the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. These could be conveniently thought of as "prelysosomal" disorders. At least six of these entities are characterized by hypoglycosylation of many glycoconjugates, and have been designated as the carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes. Given the ubiquity of the products of N-glycosylation in the cellular economy, it is not surprising that these defects in metabolism have protean clinical manifestations. Delayed development and other neurologic symptoms are wedded to variable dysfunctions of the heart, liver, and endocrine and coagulation systems. Patients can have dysmorphic features or cerebellar hypoplasia, attesting to th...
The effects of staging laparoscopy on trocar site and peritoneal recurrence of pancreatic cancer

Background: Staging laparoscopy (SL) has been used to assess resectability of patients with pancreatic cancer. It has lead to increased resectability rates and decreased morbidity. However, experimental data suggests that laparoscopy and peritoneal insufflation can promote tumor growth and potential recurrence. Few clinical data exist to allow assessment of whether these theoretical concerns translate into clinical problems. The purpose of this study was to determine if SL increases the incidence of trocar-site and peritoneal recurrence of pancreatic cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients evaluated for pancreatic cancer from 1996 to 2001, inclusive, was included in this study. Patients were divided into five groups: nonoperative management (NM), SL followed by resection (SL-R), SL without resection (SL-NR), exploratory laparotomy with resection (EL-R), and exploratory laparotomy without resection (EL-NR). Patient records were assessed for postoperative occurrence of carcinomatosis and/or malignant ascites, trocar- or incisional-site recurrence, use of postoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and survival. Results: A total of 235 patients were included. Peritoneal progression of disease: NM 15.9%, SL 24.2%, EL 31.6% (p = 0.03). Trocar/incisional recurrence: SL 3.0%, EL 3.9% (p = NS). Use of chemotherapy/radiotherapy: NM 29.4%, SL-R 76.5%, SL-NR 62.5%, EL-R 69.6%, EL-NR 41.5%. Median survival (months): NM 3; SL-R 15, EL-R 10 (p = NS); SL-NR 6, EL-NR 5 (p = NS). Conclusion: SL does not increase the occurrence of trocar-site disease or peritoneal disease progression of pancreatic cancer. Patients who are found not to be resectable by SL are more likely to receive postoperative treatment. However, this does not appear to affect survival greatly. Nevertheless, avoidance of nontherapeutic laparotomy is worthwhile in these patients.
Search for filler metal for welding of ferrous alloys to titanium

AbstractThe use of a filler metal to facilitate the gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of ferrous alloys to titanium alloys has been investigated. Semi-empirical rules have been applied to identify alloying elements that would resolve the important problems of brittle intermetallic formation and weld cracking. Vanadium was found appropriate. The GTA welds between a low carbon steel and Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al made with a vanadium filler wire resisted cracking better than comparable autogenous welds. However, the presence of a hard, brittle eutectic microconstituent along the ferrous side of the fusion boundary drastically limited the gain in weldability. As anticipated, analysis of GTA welds produced with vanadium filler wire suggested the presence of a ternary (Fe,Ti,V) single phase. Although cracking was reduced with vanadium, the practical benefit of a vanadium filler wire for GTA welding is small because the weld metals remain very hard and brittle.
Inferences on the common mean of several normal populations based on the generalized variable method.

Cet article presente des procedures pour effectuer un test d'hypothese et une estimation par intervalle de la moyenne commune de plusieurs populations normales. Les methodes sont basees sur le concept du p generalise et de l'intervalle de confiance generalise. L'interet des methodes proposees est quantifie et compare a celui de methodes existantes. Les comparaisons numeriques montrent que les nouvelles procedures sont correctes et ont des performances superieures a celles des methodes existantes quand les echantillons sont de taille moderee et que le nombre de populations est quatre ou moins. Si le nombre de populations est cinq ou plus, cette nouvelle methode est bien superieure aux methodes existantes, quelles que soient les tailles des echantillons. Nous illustrons cette nouvelle methode et les methodes existantes avec des donnees de deux exemples.
ROLE OF RADIONUCLIDE PHALLOGRAM IN THERAPEUTIC DECISION-MAKING FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of radionuclide phallograms in therapeutic decision-making for erectile dysfunction. Method. Forty-eight impotent men being considered for pharmacologically-induced penile erection therapy (PIPE) had radionuclide phallograms (RP) as part of their evaluation. RP were performed using 99m Tc-labeled autologous red blood cells and provided a measurement of penile blood volume (PBV) change following the intracorporeal injection of 0.25 to 0.3 mL of a papaverine/phentolamine mixture. Results. Thirty-eight patients showed a good response with a mean PBV increase 2.6 times baseline (range 1.2 to 8.9). Ten patients had significantly lower PBV changes ( P = 0.001) than the first group, with a mean PBV increase of 1.6 times baseline (range 1.1 to 2.4). These ten patients were dissatisfied with pharmacologically induced penile erection (PIPE) therapy after an unsuccessful treatment trial. Conclusion. We conclude that the RP can help to discriminate between patients who will benefit from PIPE therapy and those who will not.
Diabetes management in Commercial Driver License holders.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate diabetes management in Commercial Driver License (CDL) holders, how prescribing habits change when treating this patient population, and health care providers’ knowledge of regulations concerning insulin use in CDL holders.MethodsA survey was posted on the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) Communities of Interest websites and was open for 2 weeks. The anonymous survey collected demographic data and evaluated the perspectives of health care providers on diabetes management in CDL holders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey results.ResultsA total of 139 AADE members responded to the survey, and 22.2% were prescribing providers. Findings from the survey indicated an overall lack of knowledge by health care professionals regarding the current laws affecting diabetes management in CDL holders. Most participants emphasized the need for making decisions on CDL suspension on a case-by-case basis, and some expressed concern that cu...
Magneto-optical Faraday and Kerr effects in topological insulator films and in other layered quantized Hall systems

We present a theory of the magneto-optical Faraday and Kerr effects of topological insulator (TI) films. For film thicknesses short compared to wavelength, we find that the low-frequency Faraday effect in ideal systems is quantized at integer multiples of the fine structure constant and that the Kerr effect exhibits a giant $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ rotation for either normal or oblique incidence. For thick films that contain an integer number of half wavelengths, we find that the Faraday and Kerr effects are both quantized at integer multiples of the fine structure constant. For TI films with bulk parallel conduction, we obtain a criterion for the observability of surface-dominated magneto-optical effects. For thin samples supported by a substrate, we find that the universal Faraday and Kerr effects are present when the substrate is thin compared to the optical wavelength or when the frequency matches a thick-substrate cavity resonance. Our theory applies equally well to any system with two conducting layers that exhibit quantum Hall effects.
Potential role of neutrophil anti-adhesion therapy in myocardial stunning, myocardial infarction, and organ dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass.

When activated neutrophils are recruited and bind to endothelial tissues, they release leukotrienes, proteolytic enzymes, and free radicals. The latter has been implicated in myocardial stunning following periods of ischemia and reperfusion, as may occur following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The neutrophil surface complex CD11/CD18 promotes the neutrophil-endothelial adhesion process. Monoclonal antibodies have been developed that can block neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium by preventing CD11/CD18 binding to adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 or ELAM-1) located on endothelial cells. We used monoclonal IgG antibody 60.3 to block neutrophil adherence and thereby potentially reduce myocardial stunning. Pretreatment of rabbits subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion with either monoclonal 60.3 or saline resulted in only a small increase in the rate of recovery of preload recruitable stroke work index during reperfusion. More severe occlusion may have been needed to see significant results. We also evaluated the effects of anti-neutrophil therapy in animal models of CPB. Rhesus monkeys were subjected to deep hypothermia and CPB, followed by 24 hours of fluid resuscitation. Animals receiving monoclonal 60.3 (N = 3) showed less weight gain, less infused resuscitative fluid, and higher terminal hematocrit and PaO2 than controls (N = 3). Anti-neutrophil therapy may prevent multiorgan system failure in certain high risk patients.
Spin density in dilute magnetic semiconductors

The spin density around a magnetic ion embedded in a nonmagnetic semiconductor matrix is theoretically studied. We show how its properties are related to the band structure of the host. We also predict that for direct-gap semiconductors the spin density must oscillate in sign within a unit cell.
Experimental Measurement of the Solubility and Diffusivity of CO2 in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Using a Transient Thin-Liquid-Film Method

In this paper, results from an experimental investigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) solubility and diffusivity in the ionic liquids 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([b...
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: the potential role of 64 MDCT and 3D imaging in the diagnosis

Advancements in both CT scanner technology and three-dimensional (3D) imaging software have now made it feasible to image patients with acute GI bleeding in an effort to identify the bleeding source. This pictorial essay will explore the potential role of utilizing 64 MDCT and 3D imaging in patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A discussion of current technology, appropriate CT protocols, and interpretation strategies will be included.
Goals for Group Work with Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

This article reports on focus group data from African American women after participating in year-long groups while attempting to make the transition from welfare to work. Qualitative data analysis is employed to examine the women's words about their experiences, within the context of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) requirements and group work models for women who are multiply oppressed. Their words point to recommendations for group work knowledge and skills to best support the needs of these women in the era of TANF.
Bicameralism and Geographic Politics: Allocating Funds in the House and Senate

Because they represent different kinds of constituencies�states versus parts of states�senators and House members have different incentives in constructing federal distributive programs. In order to claim credit for providing particularized benefits, House members need to use policy tools�earmarks and narrow categorical programs�that target funds to their constituencies. Senators, by contrast, are able to claim credit for the large formula grants that distribute the bulk of intergovernmental grant money. Examining House-Senate interactions in one of the largest distributive programs, federal aid to states for surface transportation, I show that the different bases of representation in the House and Senate structure the chambers' preferences on distributive programs and affect the outcomes of interchamber conflicts.
Distension of the Developing Lung Triggers Coordinate, Growth Factor-Mediated Cell-Cell Signal Transduction

Distension of the Developing Lung Triggers Coordinate, Growth Factor-Mediated Cell-Cell Signal Transduction
Learning a mixture of sparse distance metrics for classification and dimensionality reduction

This paper extends the neighborhood components analysis method (NCA) to learning a mixture of sparse distance metrics for classification and dimensionality reduction. We emphasize two important properties in the recent learning literature, locality and sparsity, and (1) pursue a set of local distance metrics by maximizing a conditional likelihood of observed data; and (2) add l1-norm of eigenvalues of the distance metric to favor low rank matrices of fewer parameters. Experimental results on standard UCI machine learning datasets, face recognition datasets, and image categorization datasets demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for both distance metric learning and dimensionality reduction.
Distinct immunophenotype of early T-cell progenitors in T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma may predict FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 mutations

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation in T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LL) is rare (∼4%) and reported only in cases with CD117 expression. This study aimed to identify the immunophenotypic features that may predict FLT3 mutations. We report 3 (43%) of 7 CD117(+) T-LL cases harboring FLT3-internal tandem duplication mutation. Compared with 4 FLT3-unmutated cases, all 3 FLT3-mutated cases had a distinct immunophenotype (CD1a(-)/CD2(+)/CD7(+)/CD34(+)/CD117(uniform+)/Tdt(+)) corresponding to the stage of earliest thymic T-cell progenitors possessing myeloid lineage potential. Indeed, all FLT3-mutated T-LL cases expressed myeloperoxidase on a very small subset of blasts and, thus, may be further considered a mixed phenotype acute leukemia, T/myeloid, by the 2008 World Health Organization classification scheme. We conclude that this unique immunophenotype (CD1a(-)/CD2(+)/CD7(+)/CD34(+)/CD117(+)/Tdt(+)) is a better predictor of FLT3 mutation than sole CD117 expression.
Figuring “Success” in a Bilingual High School

Using the concept of figured worlds, this article demonstrates how the faculty, staff, and students of Gregorio Luperon High School in New York City figured “success” by prioritizing the students’ linguistic and cultural resources. “Success” was constructed specifically through granting Spanish high status, developing positive teacher–student relationships, and relying upon the cultural artifact of the opportunity narrative. This qualitative ethnographic study focuses on the school-related social interactions that took place among students, teachers and staff, to explore the socially and locally constructed model of success within this bilingual high school for newly arrived, Spanish-speaking immigrant youth.
Subclinical Celiac Disease and Crystal-Induced Kidney Disease Following Kidney Transplant

Decreased kidney function from kidney deposition of calcium oxalate has been described previously in inflammatory bowel disease and after jejuno-ileal and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries. Although celiac disease is the most prevalent bowel abnormality associated with intestinal malabsorption, its relationship to high kidney oxalate burden and decreased kidney function has not been established. We report a case of subclinical celiac disease and hyperoxaluria that presented with loss of kidney function as a result of high oxalate load in the absence of overt diarrhea, documented intestinal fat malabsorption, and nephrolithiasis. Subclinical celiac disease is commonly overlooked and hyperoxaluria is not usually investigated in kidney patients. We propose that this entity should be suspected in patients with chronic kidney disease in which the cause of kidney damage has not been clearly established.
In vivo imaging of alphaherpesvirus infection reveals synchronized activity dependent on axonal sorting of viral proteins

A clinical hallmark of human alphaherpesvirus infections is peripheral pain or itching. Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a broad host range alphaherpesvirus, causes violent pruritus in many different animals, but the mechanism is unknown. Previous in vitro studies have shown that infected, cultured peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons exhibited aberrant electrical activity after PRV infection due to the action of viral membrane fusion proteins, yet it is unclear if such activity occurs in infected PNS ganglia in living animals and if it correlates with disease symptoms. Using two-photon microscopy, we imaged autonomic ganglia in living mice infected with PRV strains expressing GCaMP3, a genetically encoded calcium indicator, and used the changes in calcium flux to monitor the activity of many neurons simultaneously with single-cell resolution. Infection with virulent PRV caused these PNS neurons to fire synchronously and cyclically in highly correlated patterns among infected neurons. This activity persisted even when we severed the presynaptic axons, showing that infection-induced firing is independent of input from presynaptic brainstem neurons. This activity was not observed after infections with an attenuated PRV recombinant used for circuit tracing or with PRV mutants lacking either viral glycoprotein B, required for membrane fusion, or viral membrane protein Us9, required for sorting virions and viral glycoproteins into axons. We propose that the viral fusion proteins produced by virulent PRV infection induce electrical coupling in unmyelinated axons in vivo. This action would then give rise to the synchronous and cyclical activity in the ganglia and contribute to the characteristic peripheral neuropathy.
Mediterranean diet in the 19th and 20th centuries. The case of two ship crews and their provisions

A 19th-century log detailing food purchases for the crew of a Greek vessel and a 20th-century provision document for a cargo Greek ship were examined to elicit differences in food and macronutrient availability to their crew members. Use of new food processing technologies accounted for many of the differences in food patterns noted between the two crews. The most pronounced differences between the food supplies of the 19th- and 20th-century sailors concerned the caloric contributions from cereals, meats and vegetable fats. Energy derived from wheat products on the 20th-century ship declined by 36% when compared to the 19th-century vessel. In contrast, meat utilisation increased by nearly 75%, and use of vegetable fats almost tripled among the modern sailors. Quantities of dry legumes, nuts and fish used by the 20th-century sailors declined when compared to their 19th-century counterparts. The food supply of the 19th-century sailors was adequate in nutrients and energy, and also exhibited a lower lipid co...
Hadamard multiplexed fluorescence tomography

Depth-resolved three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of fluorophore-tagged inclusions in fluorescence tomography (FT) poses a highly ill-conditioned problem as depth information must be extracted from boundary data. Due to the ill-posed nature of the FT inverse problem, noise and errors in the data can severely impair the accuracy of the 3D reconstructions. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the FT data strongly affects the quality of the reconstructions. Additionally, in FT scenarios where the fluorescent signal is weak, data acquisition requires lengthy integration times that result in excessive FT scan periods. Enhancing the SNR of FT data contributes to the robustness of the 3D reconstructions as well as the speed of FT scans. A major deciding factor in the SNR of the FT data is the power of the radiation illuminating the subject to excite the administered fluorescent reagents. In existing single-point illumination FT systems, the source power level is limited by the skin maximum radiation exposure levels. In this paper, we introduce and study the performance of a multiplexed fluorescence tomography system with orders-of-magnitude enhanced data SNR over existing systems. The proposed system allows for multi-point illumination of the subject without jeopardizing the information content of the FT measurements and results in highly robust reconstructions of fluorescent inclusions from noisy FT data. Improvements offered by the proposed system are validated by numerical and experimental studies.
Abstract 4418: Overexpression of PGC-1α in rat cardiomyocytes protects against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-induced mitochondrial toxicity.

The NRTIs Zidovudine (AZT) and Didanosine (ddI) are components of the antiretroviral combination therapies in widespread use for treatment of HIV-1 infection. However, AZT, a carcinogen in mice, is a DNA replication chain terminator that damages heart, skeletal muscle, brain and liver during long-term clinical use. In addition, both drugs are known to cause treatment-limiting mitochondrial compromise. In order to elucidate the mechanisms resulting in cardiac mitochondrial toxicity in patients using these drugs, we have evaluated rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells exposed for >30 passages (P) to 50 μM AZT or 50 μM AZT/50 μM ddI, doses allowing for ≥80% survival. Mitochondrial integrity, evaluated as Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR, by Seahorse Analyzer) was reduced by ≥50% (p Citation Format: Eunwoo Shim, Daniel Liu, Alexander Gibbons, Miriam C. Poirier, Yongmin Liu. Overexpression of PGC-1α in rat cardiomyocytes protects against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-induced mitochondrial toxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4418. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4418
Active-site probes of carnitine acyltransferases. Inhibition of carnitine acetyltransferase by hemiacetylcarnitinium, a reaction intermediate analogue

Hemiacetylcarnitinium (2S,6R:2R,65)-6-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxy-2,4,4- trimethylmorpholinium) chloride is a relatively potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.89 mM) of pigeon breast carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and of the crude rat liver CAT (Ki = 4.72 mM) but is neither an inhibitor nor an effective substrate for purified rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT). It does not inhibit state 3 oxygen consumption in isolated hepatic mitochondria using palmitoyl-CoA or palmitoylcarnitine as substrates. This compound is a reaction intermediate analogue of the proposed tetrahedral intermediate for acetyl transfer between acetylcarnitine and CoASH. Because the hemiketal carbon is chiral, a suggestion is made that one of the enantiomers has the same relative configuration as the proposed tetrahedral intermediate.
A step toward optimal coding in olfaction

Receptor neurons may not encode sensory information in an efficient manner. A new paper supports the idea that the brain achieves optimal encoding downstream of sensory transduction through additional processing.
Identity and pedagogy in higher education: international comparisons

As an increasing number of higher education institutions seek international exchange and collaboration, great changes have taken place in the classroom structure in many universities and colleges o...