cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Type A and Type B Infectious Diseases during 2003—2007 in Jiangyin City

[Objective] To explore the morbidity and epidemic features of type A and type B infectious diseases in Jiangyin and put forward relevant suggestion for the prevention of infectious diseases in Jiangyin. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological data of type A and type B infectious diseases during 2003—2007 in the city. [Results] During this period,11882 cases (17 sorts excluding HIV) of type A and type B infectious diseases were reported; 34 cases died,the annual average morbidity was 146/lakh; fulminant epidemic situation took place twice and were kept stable and decreasing; the morbidity and mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis occupied the first place; hematogenous and sexually-transmitted infectious diseases became one of the major members of type A infectious diseases; HIV infection and AIDS morbidity are facing an increasing tendency; the epidemic situation of measles fluctuated unusually,the cases among the floating people accounted for 57.58% of the total cases; cases aged from 20 to 45 accounted for 50.84% of the total cases; peasants,workers as well as floating laborers occupied the first three places; August was the epidemic peak. [Conclusion] In general,type A and type B infectious diseases have been kept under control,but the situation is still serious; countryside and peasants remain the major region and population for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in our city; the cases among floating people from other areas have considerable influence on the prevention and control against infectious diseases in this city; the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis,AIDS and hepatitis B is still a hard work; furthermore,we are facing the challenge of some newly attacking infectious diseases at any time.
Quantitative Analysis of the Subsidence History in the Border Region of Sichuan-Hubei-Hunan

The subsidence history of the region is quantitatively studied by backstripping analysis technique. The result shows that the subsidence in the region is controlled by tectonic movement, the changes of sea level and sedimentary load. The region underwent four rapidly subsiding periods, four slowly subsiding periods, two uplifting periods and one block-faulted differential subsiding period. The rapidly subsiding periods are due to strong tectonic movement and the rapidly rising of sea level, the slowly subsiding periods are caused by weak tectonic movement, and the uplifting periods are always related to compressional uplift and rapidly desending of sea level. Subsidence in Sinian-early Palaeozoic is obviously controlled by tectonic activity. The lower subsidence magnitude in late Palaeozoic may be caused by the changes of seal level. Subsidence in Triassic-Jurassic period is controlled by the tectonic activity in the corresponding periods. At the same time, the changes of sea level also have effects on the subsidence of this period.
Evaluating fan fiction metadata for preservation use

The preservation of ergodic digital artifacts, such as videogames, is a complex and uncertain archival task. This study examines how fan fiction metadata can facilitate the preservation of digital experiences. Based on a preliminary assessment of fan fiction associated with the videogame Mass Effect, collections of fan fiction metadata constitute a promising resource to identify and document player experiences, particularly those involving game characters and their relationships.
Rapid infant weight gain and early childhood obesity in low-income Latinos and non-Latinos.

Objective To examine the growth of infants and toddlers in a population that is both under-represented in the literature and at high risk for childhood obesity. Design Weight and height measurements were extracted from all visits for a sample of 0-4-year-old, low-income, Latino and non-Latino patients of an urban, academic general paediatric practice. Early growth was characterized as change in weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ) from birth to 3 years. The outcome of interest was BMI Z-score (BMIZ) at age 3 years. Mixed-effects models and multivariate linear regression were used to analyse the association between infant growth and early childhood obesity. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Subjects Latino (n 210) and non-Latino (n 253) children, born in 2003-2004. Results An increase in WLZ from birth to 2 years was observed for this cohort as well as a high incidence of overweight and obesity. WLZ at birth and change in WLZ from birth to 2 years were both significantly and positively associated with increases in BMIZ at 3 years of age. The effect of the change in WLZ was twofold higher than the effect of WLZ at birth. Conclusions An increase in WLZ during the first 2 years of life increased the risk of early childhood obesity. Latino children had a higher incidence of early childhood obesity than non-Latino children in this low-income sample.
Class after Communism: Introduction to the Special Issue

After 1989, class appeared to be everywhere and nowhere. The messy consequences of the emergence of new classes and new types of economic inequalities were plain for all to see, but no one uttered ...
(Re)Thinking Woman(hood): Sara Estela Ramírez, Activity, and Being

Researcher Emilio Zamora calls Sara Estela Ramirez “a red rose” referring to her participation in the labor movement of the United States in the early 1900s. This traditional characterization seems at odds with her work, deeply rooted in feminism. Yet, the depiction makes sense if one considers that she centered her feminism and activism precisely on the “rose” of tradition, on motherhood, coloring it with “su roja pasion”—her passion for justice. I propose that Ramirez (re)imagines womanhood as permanency, as what I call “Being” (“el ser” with a capital “B”) rather than “being” (“el estar”) and that she (re) codifies femininity—and marginality in general—to shun passivity, redeeming with it la Malinche and her children, working-class men.
Dianulites Eichwald, 1829; an unusual Ordovician bryozoan with a high-magnesium calcite skeleton

The ‘granular’ wall microstructure of the Ordovician stenolaemate bryozoan Dianulites Eichwald, 1829, has been studied using ultrathin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), analytical SEM, and cathodoluminescence. The timing of recrystallization and the presence of microdolomite inclusions in the skeletal walls implies that the original skeleton consisted of high-magnesium calcite (HMC). Although found in some modern cheilostomes, HMC has not been recorded in living stenolaemate bryozoans, but appears to have also been present in Nicholsonella and a few other Ordovician genera traditionally assigned to the trepostomes or cystoporates. The Russian type species of Dianulites, D. fastigiatus Eichwald, 1829, is revised and recorded for the first time in North America from the Fillmore Formation (Lower Ordovician) of Utah. Unusually among bryozoans, D. fastigiatus has turbinate, cone- or horn-shaped colonies, straight to slightly curved, with zooids opening on the flat, broad end of the cone; the sides of the cone comprise calcified exterior walls. This growth-form resembles some solitary rugose corals and other benthic animals thought to have lived with all but their tops buried in soft sediment. Such an interpretation is supported in Dianulites by the scarcity of epibionts on the exterior walls of the cone and by the occurrence of specimens comprising stacks of subcolonies, suggesting periods of partial burial of the living tissues by sediment.
Power Management of a Stand-Alone Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Energy System

This paper proposes an AC-linked hybrid wind/photovoltaic (PV)/fuel cell (FC) alternative energy system for stand-alone applications. Wind and PV are the primary power sources of the system, and an FC-electrolyzer combination is used as a backup and a long-term storage system. An overall power management strategy is designed for the proposed system to manage power flows among the different energy sources and the storage unit in the system. A simulation model for the hybrid energy system has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The system performance under different scenarios has been verified by carrying out simulation studies using a practical load demand profile and real weather data.
GROUP SELECTION AND METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM: REPLY TO COMMENTS

Langlois agrees with my position – or perhaps I should say, given the order of our publications, that I agree with his. I accept his taxonomy of methodological positions and agree that position two is correct.
Physical declines occurring after hospital discharge in ARDS survivors: a 5-year longitudinal study

Survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are at high risk for new or ongoing physical declines after hospital discharge. The objective of our study was to evaluate the epidemiology of physical declines over 5-year follow-up and identify patients at risk for decline. This multi-site prospective cohort study evaluated ARDS survivors who completed a physical status assessment at 3 or 6 months post-discharge. Three measures were evaluated: muscle strength (Medical Resource Council sumscore); exercise capacity [6-min walk test (6MWT)]; physical functioning [36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36 survey)]. Patients were defined as “declined” if a comparison of their current and prior score showed a decrease that was greater than the Reliable Change Index—or if the patient died. Risk factors [pre-ARDS baseline status, intensive care unit (ICU) illness severity, and other intensive care variables] were evaluated using longitudinal, generalized linear regression models for each measure. During the follow-up of 193 ARDS survivors (55 % male; median age 49 years), 166 (86 %) experienced decline in ≥1 physical measure (including death) and 133 (69 %) experienced a physical decline (excluding death). For all measures, age was a significant risk factor [odds ratios (OR) 1.34–1.69 per decade; p < 0.001]. Pre-ARDS comorbidity (Charlson Index) was independently associated with declines in strength and exercise capacity (OR 1.10 and 1.18, respectively; p < 0.02), and organ failure [maximum daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in ICU] was associated with declines in strength (OR 1.06 per 1 point of SOFA score; p = 0.02). Over the follow-up period, the majority of ARDS survivors experienced a physical decline, with older age and pre-ICU comorbidity being important risk factors for this decline.
Incremental Robbins-Monro Gradient Algorithm for Regression in Sensor Networks

We consider a network of sensors deployed to sense a spatial field for the purposes of parameter estimation. Each sensor makes a sequence of measurements that is corrupted by noise. The estimation problem is to determine the value of a parameter that minimizes a cost that is a function of the measurements and the unknown parameter. The cost function is such that it can be written as the sum of functions (one corresponding to each sensor), each of which is associated with one sensor's measurements. Such a cost function is of interest in regression. We are interested in solving the resulting optimization problem in a distributed and recursive manner. Towards this end, we combine the incremental gradient approach with the Robbins-Monro approximation algorithm to develop the incremental Robbins-Monro gradient (IRMG) algorithm. We investigate the convergence of the algorithm under a convexity assumption on the cost function and a stochastic model for the sensor measurements. In particular, we show that if the observations at each are independent and identically distributed, then the IRMG algorithm converges to the optimum solution almost surely as the number of observations goes to infinity. We emphasize that the IRMG algorithm itself requires no information about the stochastic model.
Cardiac Lesions in the Critical Care Setting.

Abstract The long-held belief that pregnancy is absolutely contraindicated in maternal cardiovascular disease is no longer justifiable using evidence-base medicine. There are some conditions in which pregnancy is contraindicated, and high maternal risk and poor fetal outcome can be predicted. However, in many women with heart disease, a more favorable maternal and fetal outcome is expected. This article focusses on the cardiac conditions that require more attention and have the potential to require observation in the intensive care unit setting.
Intravenous ketamine for subacute treatment of refractory chronic migraine: a case series

Refractory migraine is a challenging condition with great impact on health related quality of life. Intravenous (IV) ketamine has been previously used to treat various refractory pain conditions. We present a series of patients with refractory migraine treated with intravenous ketamine in the hospital setting. Based on retrospective chart review, we identified six patients with refractory migraine admitted from 2010 through 2014 for treatment with intravenous ketamine. Ketamine was administered using a standard protocol starting with a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/hr and increased by 0.1 mg/kg/hr every 3 to 4 h as tolerated until the target pain score of 3/10 was achieved and maintained for at least 8 h. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at time of hospital admission were obtained as well as average baseline VAS scores prior to ketamine infusion. A phone interview was conducted for follow-up of migraine response in the 3 to 6 months following ketamine infusion. The study sample had a median age of 36.5 years (range 29–54) and 83% were women. Pre-treatment pain scores ranged from 9 to 10. All patients achieved a target pain level of 3 or less for 8 h; the average ketamine infusion rate at target was 0.34 mg/kg/hour (range 0.12–0.42 mg/kg/hr). One patient reported a transient out-of-body hallucination following an increase in the infusion rate, which resolved after decreasing the rate. There were no other significant side effects. IV ketamine was safely administered in the hospital setting to patients with refractory chronic migraine. Treatment was associated with short term improvement in pain severity in 6 of 6 patients with refractory chronic migraine. Prospective placebo-controlled trials are needed to assess short term and long-term efficacy of IV ketamine in refractory chronic migraine.
Electrochemical Energy Generation and Storage as Seen by In-Situ NMR

This chapter will provide a concise review/snap-shots of the development of in situ electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (including magnetic resonance imaging), in both solution and solid state, and its current state of applications to understanding chemical processes for electrochemical energy generation and storage. This will include pedagogical descriptions of involved principles and techniques and discussions of representative case studies that showcase the technical prowess of the methodologies, particularly in investigating nanomaterials used in electrocatalysis for fuel cells and energy storage devices (batteries) and associated water distribution in the former and Li metal deposits in the latter.
Inelastic neutron scattering cross section measurements for Xe 134 , 136 of relevance to neutrinoless double- β decay searches

Neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay $(0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta})$ searches typically involve large-scale experiments for which backgrounds can be complex. One possible source of background near the $0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$ signature in the observed spectra is $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays arising from inelastic neutron scattering from the materials composing or surrounding the detector. In relation to searches for the $0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$ of $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ to $^{136}\mathrm{Ba}$, such as the EXO-200 and KamLAND-Zen projects, inelastic neutron scattering $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray production cross sections for $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ and $^{134}\mathrm{Xe}$ are of importance for characterizing such $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays that may inhibit the unambiguous identification of this yet-to-be-observed process. These cross sections have been measured at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory at neutron energies from 2.5 to 4.5 MeV.
Long-term survival with 90yttrium ibritumomab tiuxetan and rituximab as treatment for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

8558 Background: Patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are salvaged with high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue. Ibritumomab tiuxetan is...
Correlates of Social Support Among Latino Immigrants

Latino immigrants encounter considerable stressors that pose risks to health and well-being during settlement in the USA. Social support serves as a protective factor that can help to buffer the negative effects of stress. Despite the importance of social support, we know little about how Latino immigrants differentially experience this protective factor. The current study analyzed data from 100 Latino immigrants residing in Tennessee. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was employed to examine variation in self-reported social support by immigrant characteristics and immigration-related factors. Females, immigrants who are not married/cohabitating, and those who reported experiencing a greater number of discrete stressors in the USA each reported lower levels of social support. Implications for practice include an increased emphasis on assessing levels of social support and designing services to strengthen support for the most vulnerable immigrants. Future research should consider a longitudinal analysis and specific types of social support.
Association between discrimination and obesity in African-American men.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between discrimination and obesity among a U.S. nationally representative sample of African-American men. Data from the 2001–2003 National...
An MR-Compatible Stage for Respiratory Motion Emulation

Abstract We present the development of a system that physically emulates respiratory motion for phantoms under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The system is designed to be inherently MR-compatible—with no ferrous materials or electromagnetic actuators present in the exam room—and uses hydrostatic actuators to control motion of the phantom. MR-compatibility of the system is verified through both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and imaging distortion tests, and several control strategies are then implemented to achieve tracking of prerecorded respiratory motion profiles obtained from a human subject.
The Industrial Arts Paradigm: Adjustment, Replacement, or Extinction?

Industrial arts/technology education (IA/TE) is in a crisis - a crisis caused largely by the increasing changes that are occurring within society and technology. In the past five years, national, state, and local commissions, organizations, and educators have developed countless documents, curricula, and workshops on the subject of technology education (International Technology Education Association, 1985; Ferns, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988; Hoopfer, Jost & Nelson, 1987; Hales & Snyder, 1981; Hull & Smink, 1988; Kadamus & Daggett, 1986; Maley, 1988; Michigan Department of Education, Vocational-Technical Education Service (MDE/V-TES), 1988, 1989; Savage, 1989; Virginia Vocational Curriculum Resource Center, 1988). Through various means, thousands of administrators, educators, and ancillary staff mem- bers have been exposed to technology education. IA/TE educators in Michigan strongly agree that tech- nology should be a part of their programming, and, in some cases, identify technology education as what they currently teach (Smith, 1989). Still, the unit shop remains the primary delivery method in the field (Ellis, 1989; Smith, 1989). This serves to accentuate the scope of the crisis, and the professional reaction (or lack thereof) to it. It appears that many efforts in the movement toward technology education have failed because changes have been made in name only, rather than in instructors' understanding of the underlying philosophical differences between industrial arts and technology education. Because of the recurrence of name-change-only programs, and the fact that industrial arts teachers often do not perceive differences between industrial arts and technology education, it may be beneficial to the profession to view industrial arts as a paradigm.
What's in a Name? Understanding the Interplay between Titles, Content, and Communities in Social Media

Creating, placing, and presenting social media content is a difficult problem. In addition to the quality of the content itself, several factors such as the way the content is presented (the title), the community it is posted to, whether it has been seen before, and the time it is posted determine its success. There are also interesting \emph{interactions} between these factors. For example, the language of the title should be targeted to the community where the content is submitted, yet it should also highlight the distinctive nature of the content. In this paper, we examine how these factors interact to determine the popularity of social media content. We do so by studying resubmissions, i.e., content that has been submitted multiple times, with multiple titles, to multiple different communities. Such data allows us to `tease apart' the extent to which each factor influences the success of that content. The models we develop help us understand how to better target social media content: by using the right title, for the right community, at the right time.
FUNDAMENTAL CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS IN METAL-FILLED COMPOSITE EXPLOSIVES

Fabry-Perot tantalum-plate push and impedance matching transparent crystal experiments, on aluminized PETN explosives, have clearly demonstrated that some or all of the Al reacts with CO2 and/or H2O in the detonation reaction product gases during the microsecond time frame of these one-dimensional tests. A reactive flow hydrodynamic code model, based on the Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) description of the reaction zone and subsequent reaction product expansion (Taylor wave), is used to extract the reaction rate of the Al particles with the detonation products from the nanosecond time resolved Fabry-Perot velocity histories. Such a model for a pure explosive consists of an unreacted equation of state (EOS), a reaction product EOS, a reaction rate law for the conversion, and a set of mixture rules for the process. The addition of Al metal requires an understanding of the EOS containing unreacted Al and Al products such as Al2O3, plus the rates of Al oxidation reactions.
A Case Study Method of Assessing Consumer Satisfaction With School Psychology Services.

Regular education, elementary level teachers (N=73) in a midwestern state completed a 22-item questionnaire assessing teacher satisfaction with school psychology service delivery in five areas: con...
The effects of nutrient timing on training adaptations in resistance-trained females.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pre- vs. post-workout nutrition on strength, body composition, and metabolism in trained females over 6 weeks of high intensity resistance training (HIRT). Design Forty-three trained females (mean ± SD; age: 20.5 ± 2.2 yrs; height: 165.2 ± 5.7 cm; body mass: 66.5 ± 11.4 kg) were measured for strength, body composition, and metabolic variables before and after a HIRT intervention. Participants were randomized using a 2:2:1 matched block randomization scheme by baseline leg press strength into a group that consumed a 1:1.5 carbohydrate-protein supplement (16 g CHO/25 g PRO) pre-training (PRE), post-training (POST), or no supplement (CON). Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and percent fat (%fat). Strength was analyzed using a one repetition max on the leg and bench press (LP1RM and BP1RM, respectively). Participants completed HIRT twice per week for 6 weeks. At the first and last trainings, metabolic variables [resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory exchange ratio, RER] were measured. Results There were no significant differences between groups for any changes in body composition variables or LP1RM (p = 0.170–0.959). There were significant differences for BP1RM (p = 0.007), with PRE and POST experiencing greater increases than CON (p = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively). REE changes were not significant between groups (p = 0.058–0.643). PRE demonstrated greater fat oxidation (RER) at 30 min post-exercise (p = 0.008–0.035). Conclusion Peri-workout nutrition is potentially important for upper body strength and metabolism. PRE may be more effective for promoting fat utilization immediately post-workout.
Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Abuse Screening Among Infants With Extremity Fractures.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pathway implementation and quality improvement (QI) interventions to increase the percentage of infants with extremity fractures undergoing evaluation for suspected physical abuse, including skeletal survey (SS), and consultation with social work, and/or Child Protection Team. METHODS Charts were retrospectively reviewed to establish percentage of infants less than 12 months old with extremity fractures undergoing an SS and consultation during the prepathway (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013) and postpathway (January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015) periods. Using an Ishikawa framework, key process drivers were identified and additional QI interventions (clinical decision support and provider education) were developed and implemented. Impact of QI interventions on study metrics during active QI (July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016) and post-QI periods (July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016) was monitored using statistical process control charts. Logistic regression assessed predictors of obtaining an SS, consultation use, and occult fracture detection. RESULTS Skeletal survey use pre- and postpathway averaged 40%, surpassing 60% on average during active QI and post-QI periods. Consultation performance averaged 46% pre- and postpathway, increasing to nearly 67% during active QI; consultation performance decreased during post-QI to 60%. A lack of trauma history and presence of femur or humerus fracture were associated with increased SS use and consultation (both P < 0.001). Overall 20% of SS revealed occult fractures.
Imaging of neuroinflammation in migraine with aura: A [11C]PBR28 PET/MRI study.

Objective To determine if migraine with aura is associated with neuroinflammation, which has been suggested by preclinical models of cortical spreading depression (CSD) as well as imaging of human pain conditions. Methods Thirteen migraineurs with aura and 16 healthy controls received integrated PET/MRI brain scans with [11C]PBR28, a radioligand that binds to the 18 kDa translocator protein, a marker of glial activation. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was compared between groups, and regressed against clinical variables, using region of interest and whole-brain voxelwise analyses. Results Compared to healthy controls, migraineurs demonstrated SUVR elevations in nociceptive processing areas (e.g., thalamus and primary/secondary somatosensory and insular cortices) as well as in areas previously shown to be involved in CSD generation (visual cortex). SUVR levels in frontoinsular cortex, primary/secondary somatosensory cortices, and basal ganglia were correlated with frequency of migraine attacks. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that migraine with aura is associated with neuroimmune activation/neuroinflammation, and support a possible link between CSD and glial activation, previously observed in animals.
Error characterization of methane fluxes and budgets derived from a long-term comparison of open- and closed-path eddy covariance systems.

Abstract Wetlands represent the dominant natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Thus, substantial effort has been spent examining the CH4 budgets of global wetlands via continuous ecosystem-scale measurements using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. Robust error characterization for such measurements, however, remains a major challenge. Here, we quantify systematic, random and gap-filling errors and the resulting uncertainty in CH4 fluxes using a 3.5 year time series of simultaneous open- and closed path CH4 flux measurements over a sub-boreal wetland. After correcting for high- and low frequency flux attenuation, the magnitude of systematic frequency response errors were negligible relative to other uncertainties. Based on three different random flux error estimations, we found that errors of the CH4 flux measurement systems were smaller in magnitude than errors associated with the turbulent transport and flux footprint heterogeneity. Errors on individual half-hourly CH4 fluxes were typically 6%–41%, but not normally distributed (leptokurtic), and thus need to be appropriately characterized when fluxes are compared to chamber-derived or modeled CH4 fluxes. Integrated annual fluxes were only moderately sensitive to gap-filling, based on an evaluation of 4 different methods. Calculated budgets agreed on average to within 7% (≤1.5 g−CH4 m−2 yr−1). Marginal distribution sampling using open source code was among the best-performing of all the evaluated gap-filling approaches and it is therefore recommended given its transparency and reproducibility. Overall, estimates of annual CH4 emissions for both EC systems were in excellent agreement (within 0.6 g−CH4 m−2 yr−1) and averaged 18 g−CH4 m−2 yr−1. Total uncertainties on the annual fluxes were larger than the uncertainty of the flux measurement systems and estimated between 7–17%. Identifying trends and differences among sites or site years requires that the observed variability exceeds these uncertainties.
Validation of a real-time PCR assay for high-throughput detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum in chicken respiratory sites.

Avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Given its fastidious nature, this bacterium is difficult to recover and...
Predictors of natural mentoring relationships and students’ adjustment to college

Little research exists that examines natural mentoring relationships (NMRs) during the college transition. We examine the role of parental attachment and help-seeking behaviors in students' development of new NMRs and the role NMRs have on students' outcomes. Included in the study were 215 first-year students at a large, urban, private university. Participants completed surveys at the beginning (Time 1) and at the end (Time 2) of the school year. We used structural equation modeling to test a hypothesized model that included predictors (i.e., attachment to parents and help-seeking behaviors) of NMRs and social and academic adjustment in college. Findings show a path relationship connecting the attachment to parents to help-seeking behaviors, and then to the number of reported NMRs. Help-seeking behaviors mediated the association between attachment and NMRs. The number of NMRs is associated with higher social adjustment, but not academic adjustment by the end of students' first year of college. Based on these results, we discuss the theoretical implications of newly formed NMRs and provide guidance for institutional interventions targeting first-year college students to assist with transition challenges.
The 'anti-shift': Shifting attention opposite to a saccade

Abstract The eyes usually shift with attention, but is this connection necessary? We tested whether saccades can be de-coupled from endogenous attention shifts by comparing pro-shifts, in which they move together, to anti-shifts in which attention is tasked to shift in one direction while the eyes saccade in the opposite direction. Saccade latency was measured by an eye tracker. The attention shift latency was derived using the RSVP 'attention shift paradigm' of Reeves and Sperling (1986), in which attention shifts from a target embedded in a stream of letters to a stream of numerals, of which the first four are to be noted. Initially, anti-shifts were impossible; either the eye or attention shifted first. But after 10 h of practice, five of the six adult subjects learnt how to execute saccades, shift attention, and retain numerals, almost equally well whether performing anti-shifts or pro-shifts. The results imply that brain structures such as the frontal eye fields do not inevitably yoke fixational and attentional movements together.
The Structure of Psychopathology in a Sample of Clinically Referred, Emotionally Dysregulated Early Adolescents

This investigation answers and amplifies calls to model the transdiagnostic structure of psychopathology in clinical samples of early adolescents and using stringent psychometric criteria. In 162 clinically referred, clinically evaluated 11-13-year-olds, we compared a correlated two-factor model, containing latent internalizing and externalizing factors, to a bifactor model, which added a transdiagnostic general factor. We also evaluated the bifactor model psychometrically, including criterion validity with broad indicators of psychosocial functioning. In doing so, we compared alternative approaches to defining and interpreting criterion validity: a recently proposed incremental definition based on amounts of variance in criterion factors explained, and the more typical definition based on the presence of conceptually meaningful relationships. While traditional fit statistics favored the bifactor model as expected, psychometric analyses added important nuance. Despite moderate reliability, the general factor was not fully transdiagnostic (i.e., was not informed by several externalizing scores), and was partially redundant with internalizing scores. Approaches to criterion validity yielded opposing results. Compared to the correlated two-factor model, the bifactor model redistributed, without incrementally increasing, the total variance explained in criterion indicators of psychosocial functioning. Yet, the bifactor model did improve the precision of clinically important relationships to psychosocial functioning, raising questions about meaningful tests of bifactor psychopathology models.
Metabolites in Shock

It is generally thought that the most important aspect of tissue perfusion is the delivery of oxygen to the cell. However, that is probably not the case. Cell metabolites and their removal by capillary perfusion are probably more critical. Absence of removal of cell metabolites will probably cause injury or death of the cell before lack of oxygen will.
Forging the ideal educated girl: the production of desirable subjects in Muslim South Asia.

Shenila Khoja-Moolji’s (2018) Forging the Ideal Educated Girl explores the history of Muslim girls/women in South Asia and their difficulties in acquiring an education. This book piqued my interest because girls’ education is a highly debated topic globally when it comes to the Islamic religion.
Beware the Ides of March: A Fellow’s Perspective on Surviving the COVID-19 Pandemic

As I hit the snooze button on my alarm at 6:00 am, I was wide awake. Anxiously, I refreshed the “COVID stats” website in my bookmarks to check the number of new cases and deaths that COVID-19 had claimed in the past 24 hours. This became a grim routine: I started my day keeping track of statistics and going to bed hoping that the next day those numbers would take a turn. In retrospect, the few months prior to March 2020 felt like watching a tsunami in slow motion before it made landfall in New York City. From a couple dozen cases in the Far East to thousands of cases in Europe, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept across the globe, quickly making headlines as it gained momentum and was deemed a pandemic. Faced with one of the greatest health crises since the Spanish flu in 1918, health care providers and hospital systems were forced to adapt to the new challenges inherent to the pandemic. In a fortnight, the hospital layout was practically unrecognizable, with new makeshift rooms constructed in every available space to accommodate the massive patient influx. Days seemed to blend into nights as house staff battled challenges of dealing with a dangerous new disease entity as they worked long hours draped in personal protective equipment, which was being rationed. As nephrology fellows in a major tertiary care center in New York City, our training, let alone our lives, have forever been altered by this crisis. As we reflect on the experiences and challenges during these past months, the storm seems to have washed over our city but is nowhere near dissipated from the world. As we braced for the infiltration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into our community, we grappled for data from affected countries …
Rainbow trapping of elastic waves in a programmable metamaterial beam

We investigate a metamaterial beam with piezoelectric elements shunted to synthetic impedance circuits to demonstrate elastic wave trapping. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate the so-called rainbow trapping phenomenon, in which elastic waves of different wavelengths are trapped in different regions of the metamaterial beam. Guided by numerical simulations, experiments are performed on a beam with 30 piezoelectric elements with synthetic impedance circuits that have gradually varying inductance. Grading profiles are varied through the digital interface to understand its effect on the wave trapping behavior and conclusions are drawn.
Collaborating on Multiparty Information Systems Development Projects: A Collective Reflection-in-Action View

Growth of Web-based applications has drawn a great number of diverse stakeholders and specialists into the information systems development (ISD) practice. Marketing, strategy, and graphic design professionals have joined technical developers, business managers, and users in the development of Web-based applications. Often, these specialists work for different organizations with distinct histories and cultures. A longitudinal, qualitative field study of a Web-based application development project was undertaken to develop an in-depth understanding of the collaborative practices that unfold among diverse professionals on ISD projects. The paper proposes that multiparty collaborative practice can be understood as constituting a "collective reflection-in-action" cycle through which an information systems (IS) design emerges as a result of agents producing, sharing, and reflecting on explicit objects. Depending on their control over the various economic and cultural (intellectual) resources brought to the project and developedon the project, agents influence the design in distinctive ways. They use this control to either "add to," "ignore," or "challenge" the work produced by others. Which of these modes of collective reflection-in-action are enacted on the project influences whose expertise will be reflected in the final design. Implications for the study of boundary objects, multiparty collaboration, and organizational learning in contemporary ISD are drawn.
Predicting high cycle fatigue life with unified mechanics theory

Abstract Fatigue life prediction of metals has been widely studied. However, most of the research is based on empirical models under the framework of Newtonian mechanics, that relies on experimental fatigue data for curve fitting a degradation evolution function. Unified mechanics theory (UMT), on the other hand, unifies the universal laws of motion of Newton by incorporating the second law of thermodynamics directly into the Newton's laws at the ab-initio level. UMT introduces an additional linearly independent axis called Thermodynamic State Index (TSI), which can have values between zero and one. Evolution along the TSI axis follows the Boltzmann's entropy formulation and the thermodynamic fundamental equation of the material. As a result, governing differential equations of any system automatically include energy dissipation, and degradation evolution. The fatigue model presented here is pure physics based and does not require an empirical evolution function obtained by curve fitting to fatigue test data. However, it does require deriving analytical thermodynamic fundamental equations of the material based on the principals of physics. Thermodynamic fundamental equation for high cycle metal fatigue is derived in this study.
Enterprise Adoption and Management of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is the most important new technology of the age, but it comes in many varieties, and businesses face a range of challenges in effectively deploying it throughout their organizations. The author takes a pragmatic but positive approach to AI’s long-term potential, describing effective approaches to creating and implementing a strategy for this transformative technology.
Clonal analysis of crisis in bone marrow endothelial cells transduced with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2415 We previously demonstrated that ectopic expression of the catalytic component of telomerase (hTERT) restored telomerase activity and extended the lifespan of normal diploid human bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs)(1). However, expression of hTERT was not sufficient for immortalization, as 2/3 hTERT-transduced BMEC (BMhTERT) mass cultures were subject to a growth crisis. Crisis was characterized by an increase in cell death and dramatic reduction in growth rate. Immortal cells eventually grew out of one of these crisis cultures. The third BMhTERT culture was immortalized without an obvious crisis. Independent reports on the proliferative effects of hTERT expression in endothelial cells (ECs) have also varied. Our studies showed that culture conditions did not account for the inability of hTERT to immortalize BMECs. To further investigate the effects of hTERT expression in BMECs, 26 post-senescent BMhTERT clones were established by limiting dilution of a mass culture. The BMhTERT mass culture employed in these studies did not exhibit an obvious crisis. However 21/26 (75%) clones derived from this mass culture underwent crisis. There was no significant difference in the level of telomerase activity in the subset of clones that underwent crisis verses the clones that did not exhibit a clear crisis (n=14, p=0.2 Student t-Test). Similarly, telomere length was not significantly different in clones that underwent crisis compared with clones that showed no crisis (n=15, p=0.7). Prior to crisis, the mean telomere length of individual clones ranged from 5Kbp-12Kbp. Dramatic changes in telomere length were observed during the transition through crisis, resulting in a shorter average telomere length in post-crisis clones compared with pre-crisis clones (n=15, p<0.01). It was notable that while non-transduced BMECs senesced with a telomere length of 6-7Kbp, some post-crisis clones continued to proliferate with a mean telomere length less than 3Kbp. Although the duration of crisis varied among the clones, subsets of cells eventually grew out of most crisis cultures (81%). Overall, 22 out of 26 post-senescent clones (85%) were considered immortalized after exhibiting a 3-fold increase in lifespan. These investigations confirm that hTERT-transduced BMECs undergo crisis during immortalization. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that crisis may be masked in mass cultures by clonal variations in proliferation. This may account for discrepant reports on the potential for hTERT to immortalize ECs. Although crisis was found to be independent of telomere length and the level of telomerase activity, there was a trend toward telomere shortening with increasing population doublings. Molecular alterations during crisis may have contributed to immortalization as well as the ability of the cells to proliferate with extremely short telomeres. 1. MacKenzie et al., Oncogene 21; 4200-4211, 2002.
All in! All in!: A Selection of Dublin Children's Traditional Street-Games with Rhymes and Music

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Eilis Brady Year: 2009 Pages: 195 Publisher: Four Courts Press ISBN: 0-901120-85-5 (hard cover). Prices: 30(hard cover).
Development of a fall prevention protocol for replication in a virtual environment

Several effective fall prevention exercise programs address the problem of falls. The primary challenge is not to develop effective programs, but to find ways to motivate older people to begin and maintain these programs while delivering these programs to as many older adults as possible. This short-term pilot study collected preliminary data on the design and testing of a balance rehabilitation protocol that could be replicated in a virtual gaming environment like the Wii Fit. The protocol, based on evidence- based practice, focused on strength, endurance, and functional reach. Eight older adults participated in twelve one hour sessions with an occupational therapist and exercise professional. Outcome measures included the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, Life Space Questionnaire, and postural sway. Results suggest that the protocol was effective in improving postural sway (as measured by a force plate), reducing fear of falling, and increasing perceived life space.
Optical beam position active sensing and control using acoustooptic satellite beams

This paper presents novel techniques and experimental results for precision active sensing and control of the position of a laser beam using dynamic acoustooptic diffraction patterns. Sensing of the acoustooptic (AO) diffraction pattern higher order beams is used to determine the position of the main optical beam (i.e., zero order beam) while minimally perturbing the main beam. In the experimental system a reduced Q acoustooptic modulator was used in the axial mode to generate symmetrically deviated +1 and -1 diffraction order satellite beams with a small fraction of the zero order power. Sensing the crossing time of scanned satellite beams past differential split bicell detectors to derive precise zero-crossing signals was used to precisely locate them and infer the main beam position. The symmetric configuration is particularly effective for accurately determining and calibrating the main beam position. A Bragg regime acoustooptic deflector was used to steer the position of the main beam over a range of angles, controlling it to a desired position, as well as stabilizing it by means of control of Bragg deflector RF frequency derived from the sensing signals. Experimentally, a 1 milli-radian angular divergence laser beam at 632.8 nm optical wavelength was controlled and settled to within (/spl plusmn/1/60) beam diameter in 1 sense/control feedback cycle of 80 msec. The cycle time was limited by the present control electronics; however, it could be much faster: fundamentally response time is limited by the acoustooptic beam transit time on the order of a microsecond. The general method of this paper could be applied at any optical wavelength where suitable acoustooptic modulators and photosensors can be obtained. The method can also be readily extended to operation in two axes, providing two-dimensional position sensing and control.
Iterative system modeling using multigrid techniques

New system identification algorithms utilizing multi-grid techniques are presented. System identification algorithms based on iterative methods are enhanced and made more efficient using the multigrid methods. The reduction in the number of iterations required to converge to a solution is realized by forcing the low frequency error components to appear to be at a higher frequency by transferring to a coarser sampling period. The iterations are performed at coarse sampling periods, and the results of convergence are transferred back to the original sampling periods. Results are presented for finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) system identification problems. >