cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex-Dependent Signaling Pathways Underlying Seizure Susceptibility and the Role of Chloride Cotransporters

Seizure incidence, severity, and antiseizure medication (ASM) efficacy varies between males and females. Differences in sex-dependent signaling pathways that determine network excitability may be responsible. The identification and validation of sex-dependent molecular mechanisms that influence seizure susceptibility is an emerging focus of neuroscience research. The electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) of the SLC12A gene family utilize Na+-K+-ATPase generated electrochemical gradients to transport chloride into or out of neurons. CCCs regulate neuronal chloride gradients, cell volume, and have a strong influence over the electrical response to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Acquired or genetic causes of CCCs dysfunction have been linked to seizures during early postnatal development, epileptogenesis, and refractoriness to ASMs. A growing number of studies suggest that the developmental expression of CCCs, such as KCC2, is sex-dependent. This review will summarize the reports of sexual dimorphism in epileptology while focusing on the role of chloride cotransporters and their associated modulators that can influence seizure susceptibility.
Relevant Anatomy for the Transoral Vestibular Approach to the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

This paper highlights the key anatomical considerations for the surgeon to appreciate in order to carry out a safe and effective transoral vestibular approach to the central neck for thyroid and parathyroid dissection. The transoral, vestibular approach for thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy avoids external, visible scarring altogether. This approach requires additional understanding of intraoral and cervical anatomy from an altered viewpoint compared with open central neck surgery as the surgeon creates a working space from the mouth to the neck and views the thyroid and parathyroid glands from a superior to-inferior position.
Application of Convolutional Neural Network Image Classification for a Path-Following Robot

In discrete control systems, a variety of sensors are used to ensure that a robot completes the desired task as robustly as possible. Many tasks that could be readily completed by a human operator typically require a complex combination of sensors and code for a robot to complete autonomously. The purpose of this research was to develop a system in which a robot learned to follow a line the same way that a human would. This was accomplished by training a classification model using recorded images from tele-operation trials by a human operator. The training images were obtained from a forward-facing camera and each image was automatically labeled as one of three steering classes (i.e., straight, left turn, or right turn) based the button pressed on the joystick at the time the image was recorded. The convolutional neural network was built and trained using the Keras Python library with TensorFlow as its backend. The results showed that a model trained to 82% accuracy was able to navigate the course in all 40 trials that were conducted. The ground truth of each trial was recorded via a motion capture system, and a comparison of the human operator trials and the network trials showed little difference between the paths taken. The results also showed that the numerical accuracy of the network was not the best indicator of how well it would imitate human operation.
Simultaneous evalulation of contrast pulse sequences for ultrafast contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging

The introduction of programmable platforms with plane wave ultrasound (US) transmissions has enabled implementation of various pulsed waveform types at very high frame rates. This study simultaneously evaluated contrast pulse sequences (CPS) employing different amplitude modulation and pulse inversion (AMPI) US imaging schemes. The overarching objective was to improve the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) during ultrafast contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) imaging. Imaging was performed in vitro in a tissue-mimicking phantom using a Vantage 256 research scanner (Verasonics Inc). After administration, microbubble (MB) contrast agent disruption was minimized at a frame rate of 300 Hz by using a low mechanical index (MI) acoustic output. A set of basis pulses for transducer transmission was implemented and combined post-acquisition to form various AMPI compositions. Comparisons of different CPS was based on CTR measurements relative to conventional B-mode US images. Simultaneous evaluation reduces variability and allows the use of repeated measures for statistical analysis. A 2-fold improvement in CTR of AMPI compared to B-mode US imaging was found with a flexible transducer waveform implementation of three different length AMPI sequences and one AM sequence. These CPS results are applicable to ultrafast plane wave based CEUS imaging. The developed method is also generalizable to the evaluation of other custom US pulsing strategies.
Resection of Longitudinal Vaginal Septum Using a Surgical Stapler.

Abstract Background A longitudinal vaginal septum is a rare congenital anomaly that can cause dyspareunia, difficulty with tampon insertion, persistent vaginal bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. Various surgical techniques have been described. Case We present the case of a 14-year-old girl with obesity and diabetes mellitus with uterine didelphys and double vagina with a longitudinal vaginal septum. The patient presented with dysmenorrhea. Resection of the longitudinal vaginal septum using a GIA and EndoGIA (Medtronic, Inc, Doral Fl) stapler device was performed. Summary and Conclusion We introduce a safe and effective technique for resecting a longitudinal vaginal septum using stapler technology. This technique eliminates the potential risk of thermal injury to nearby structures from currently described methods.
Engineering the Interphase of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Polyacrylonitrile Nanocomposite Fibers with Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Its Effect on Filler Dispersion, Filler–Matrix Interactions, and Tensile Properties

Mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites with pristine single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) beyond 1 wt % loading is challenging because SWNT–SWNT contacts generate filler aggregation and...
Learning Polynomials of Few Relevant Dimensions

Polynomial regression is a basic primitive in learning and statistics. In its most basic form the goal is to fit a degree $d$ polynomial to a response variable $y$ in terms of an $n$-dimensional input vector $x$. This is extremely well-studied with many applications and has sample and runtime complexity $\Theta(n^d)$. Can one achieve better runtime if the intrinsic dimension of the data is much smaller than the ambient dimension $n$? Concretely, we are given samples $(x,y)$ where $y$ is a degree at most $d$ polynomial in an unknown $r$-dimensional projection (the relevant dimensions) of $x$. This can be seen both as a generalization of phase retrieval and as a special case of learning multi-index models where the link function is an unknown low-degree polynomial. Note that without distributional assumptions, this is at least as hard as junta learning. In this work we consider the important case where the covariates are Gaussian. We give an algorithm that learns the polynomial within accuracy $\epsilon$ with sample complexity that is roughly $N = O_{r,d}(n \log^2(1/\epsilon) (\log n)^d)$ and runtime $O_{r,d}(N n^2)$. Prior to our work, no such results were known even for the case of $r=1$. We introduce a new filtered PCA approach to get a warm start for the true subspace and use geodesic SGD to boost to arbitrary accuracy; our techniques may be of independent interest, especially for problems dealing with subspace recovery or analyzing SGD on manifolds.
A Robust, Scalable Platform for the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Formate: Identifying Pathways to Higher Energy Efficiencies

This work demonstrated a robust, scalable cell architecture for electroreduction of CO2 (CO2R). An up to 90% faradaic efficiency for the conversion of CO2R to formate at 500 mA/cm2 was realized at ...
OPIATES AND NEUROACTIVE PENTAPEPTIDES: BINDING CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERACTIONS WITH DOPAMINE STIMULATED CYCLASE IN THE PEDAL GANGLIA OF MYTILUS EDULIS

Publisher Summary The existence of biologically active small peptides in invertebrates is well documented. Such systems have in many cases provided valuable models for higher neuronal functioning. Recently, exogenous opioid peptides were shown to increase dopamine levels in pedal ganglia of the marine mollusc Mytilus edulis. This effect occurred at relatively low concentrations of the peptides and was reversed by naloxone, that is, an opiate receptor mechanism. Morphine, methionine, and leucine enkephalins have been shown to increase both dopamine and cyclic GMP levels in a seasonally-dependent manner and to decrease cyclic AMP levels in the fresh water bivalve Anodonta cygnea. The neuronal localization of immunoreactive enkephalin and beta-endorphin have been demonstrated in the earthworm. The opiate receptors of the mollusc M. edulis potentially provide a system in which to investigate the detailed ionic mechanisms associated with opiate action. This chapter discusses the presence of at least two types of opiate binding sites in the mollusc pedal ganglia.
Asymptotically compatible reproducing kernel collocation and meshfree integration for the peridynamic Navier equation

Abstract In this work, we study reproducing kernel (RK) collocation method for peridynamic Navier equation. In the first part, we apply a linear RK approximation to both displacement and dilatation, and then back-substitute dilatation and solve the peridynamic Navier equation in a pure displacement form. The RK collocation scheme converges to the nonlocal limit for a fixed nonlocal interaction length and also to the local limit as nonlocal interactions vanish. The stability is shown by comparing the collocation scheme with the standard Galerkin scheme using Fourier analysis. In the second part, we apply the RK collocation to the quasi-discrete peridynamic Navier equation and show its convergence to the correct local limit when the ratio between the nonlocal length scale and the discretization parameter is fixed. The analysis is carried out on a special family of rectilinear Cartesian grids for the RK collocation method with a designated kernel with finite support. We assume the Lame parameters satisfy λ ≥ μ to avoid extra assumptions on the nonlocal kernel. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to validate the theoretical results.
Filtering-Associated Endophthalmitis after Trabeculectomy or Tube-Shunt Implant

Purpose To determine the rate, clinical features, and outcomes of filtering-associated endophthalmitis in eyes that underwent trabeculectomy or tube-shunt implantation. Design Retrospective database study with selective chart review. Participants Eyes that underwent incisional glaucoma surgery at our institution between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019. Methods An electronic medical record database was used to identify all eyes that underwent trabeculectomy or tube-shunt implantation during the study period. Date of surgery, date of last ophthalmology clinic visit, and filtering-associated endophthalmitis diagnoses were obtained and used to perform a Kaplan-Meier analysis. The log-rank test was used to compare rates of filtering-associated endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy and tube-shunt implantation. Microbiology, management, and clinical outcomes data from patients with filtering-associated endophthalmitis were also collected and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Cumulative risk of filtering-associated endophthalmitis as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Visual acuity improvement to within 2 lines of baseline at 3 months of follow-up and globe salvage at last available follow-up in eyes with filtering-associated endophthalmitis. Results Kaplan-Meier analysis of 1582 eyes that underwent incisional glaucoma surgery yielded a 5-year cumulative incidence for filtering-associated endophthalmitis of 1.32%. No statistically significant differences were found between rate of endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy or tube-shunt implantation (P = 0.761, log-rank test). Seven of 16 cases (43.8%) of filtering-associated endophthalmitis showed positive culture results from either a vitreous sample or explanted tube shunt. Recovery of vision to within 2 lines of pre-endophthalmitis baseline was achieved in 53% of patients at 3 months of follow-up. Rate of globe salvage was 100% at last available follow-up. Conclusions Risk of filtering-associated endophthalmitis is persistent and relatively constant for at least 5 years after incisional glaucoma surgery. The overall prognosis of filtering-associated endophthalmitis remains poor; however, good visual and anatomic outcomes can be achieved in some patients with prompt intervention.
Globally Harmonized Carbon Storage Data

Abstract This paper presents methods and results that combine multiple carbon storage and above-ground biomass datasets using a simple decision tree approach. The resulting dataset combines the positive attributes of the multiple input datasets in order to have global, high-resolution extent while utilizing the best statistical methods where possible. Visual inspection shows very different spatial configurations of carbon storage between the results and the input data, suggesting that combination of methods can improve estimates. The summation of the decision tree result was 336.55 petagrams while the summation of a dataset based on the IPCC Tier 1 method was 502.38 petagrams (49.27% higher than the results from the decision tree).
The Economic Consequences of COVID-19: The Great Shutdown and the Rethinking of Economic Policy

This article examines the implications of the COVID-19 economic crisis for macroeconomic policy, and the roles of the State and the Fed and monetary policy in the United States economy. It argues t...
The impact of co-location in emissions regulation clusters on traditional and vendor managed supply chain inventory decisions

Most of the works studying the response of supply chains to environmental regulations assume all parties are subjected to the same regulations. However, quite rarely the buyers and vendors are co-located and under the same environmental regulations. In this paper, we study the inventory and production decisions of a buyer and a vendor in a multiple buyers-single vendor supply chain with multiple products under various environmental regulations. Our analysis shows that the multiple buyers-multiple products case simplifies to the single buyer-single product case in certain conditions. We find that while a cap-and-trade regulation on the buyer may increase or decrease the economic order quantity of the buyer in traditional supply chains, it always decreases the economic order quantity of the buyer in vendor managed inventories (VMI). We show that while cap-and-trade regulation induces a reduction in carbon emissions of the buyer in both VMI and traditional supply chains, it may increase the carbon emissions of the vendor. Furthermore, we find that although not as widely used as cap-and-trade regulation, carbon cap regulation may decrease the carbon emissions of the buyer and vendor beyond that of a green buyer or a green vendor. In addition, we prescribe actions that the buyer or vendor may take to offset the effects any changes in parameters have on the economic order/production quantities.
Extending Business Model Development Tools with Consolidated Expert Knowledge

Business Model Innovation (BMI) is a creative process that often needs collaboration between different stakeholders with the support of domain experts. Instead of innovation workshops where the domain experts need to be physically present, software-based tools allow reusing the knowledge of many domain experts independent of their actual presence. This reusing of expert knowledge, which improves the quality of the developed business models, is currently not supported by existing Business Model Development Tools (BMDTs). To address this shortcoming, we present an approach to support BMDTs with consolidated knowledge of different experts. In our approach, domain experts formalize their knowledge about business models for particular domains in expert models to make them useable within and transferable between different tools. Business developers can subsequently choose the expert models they need, consolidate the knowledge, and use it within the BMI process. With this approach, we provide a three-fold contribution to the research of BMDTs: First, we design a modeling language to store the business model knowledge of individual experts. Second, we develop a concept to consolidate expert knowledge and detect possible knowledge conflicts. Third, we provide blueprints to add expert knowledge into existing BMDTs. We demonstrate the technical feasibility of our approach with an open-source BMDT implementation and show the applicability with an exemplary instantiation of a local event platform.
Quarter-Wave Plates to Improve Rotational Misalignment Robustness in Medical Telemetry.

A major challenge in developing robust wireless links to implanted/ingestible antennas is the potential for rotational misalignment. In this paper, we present an artificially anisotropic quarter-wave plate (QWP) capable of developing a circularly polarized wave from a linearly polarized wave. Without loss of generality, our QWP is composed of plastic and hydrogel, while the linearly polarized wave is developed by a bio-matched antenna-a high gain, broadband antenna with a dielectric engineered to match to biological tissues. Using a basic implanted patch antenna, we demonstrate a 1.00 dB (1.26) variance in transmission coefficient over a 90° variance, with a remarkable average measured transmission coefficient of -34.4 dB (3.63 × 10-4 ) at 2.4 GHz. Without the QWP, the rotational variance is 12.52 dB (17.9). Notably, the QWP increases the maximum input power to comply with specific absorption rate limitations. In our case, this allows for -15.0 dBm (31.6 µW) of power to be received by the implant, which is comparable to the -15.7 dBm (26.9 µW) received without the QWP. Additionally, we demonstrate that with the QWP, the standard deviation from the mean transmission for rotational misalignments remains below 3 dB (2.00) from 2 to 3.62 GHz, resulting in a simulated 57.7% fractional bandwidth. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Ketamine infusion as a sedative-analgesic in severe ARDS (KISS).

Rationale: Ketamine has been used as a sedative analgesic in trauma setting, but data regarding its efficacy and safety is lacking in severe ARDS. This retrospective study aims to determine if Ketamine is safer as a sedative agent in mechanically ventilated patients. During the COVID pandemic, as there was a shortage of sedative agents, Ketamine was used. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the safety of ketamine to other sedatives. The secondary objective was to compare the effect of ketamine to other sedatives regarding the need for vasopressor, incidence of delirium, infectious complications, acute kidney injury, hospital length of stay, and length of ventilator days. Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted. Measurements and Main Results: One hundred and twenty-four patients (63 men and 61 women) were included. Thirty-four patients received ketamine, while 90 patients received other traditionally used sedatives such as propofol and midazolam. The patients' median age was 64 years in the ketamine group and 68 years in the non-ketamine group. Seventeen patients in the ketamine group (50%) and 65 patients (72%) in the non-ketamine group had mortality (p < 0.02). The hospital length of stay was 22.85 days (± 16.36) in the ketamine group and 15.62 days (± 14.63) in the non-ketamine group (p < 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference among the outcomes of the need for vasopressor, the incidence of delirium, infectious complications, and acute kidney injury. Conclusions: Ketamine as a sedative-analgesic agent in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome demonstrated safety with reduced mortality. The ketamine group had a higher hospital length of stay, but a similar complication profile compared to the non-ketamine group. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
Unsupervised Learning to Subphenotype Delirium Patients from Electronic Health Records.

Delirium is a common acute onset brain dysfunction in the emergency setting and is associated with higher mortality. It is difficult to detect and monitor since its presentations and risk factors can be different depending on the underlying medical condition of patients. In our study, we aimed to identify subtypes within the delirium population and build subgroup-specific predictive models to detect delirium using Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) data. We showed that clusters exist within the delirium population. Differences in feature importance were also observed for subgroup-specific predictive models. Our work could recalibrate existing delirium prediction models for each delirium subgroup and improve the precision of delirium detection and monitoring for ICU or emergency department patients who had highly heterogeneous medical conditions.
Chapter XIII The Continuous Cultivation of Micro-organisms: 2. Construction of a Chemostat

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a detailed description of the design and construction of a one litre “Porton-type” chemostat. The chapter also discusses in brief those considerations influencing the choice of individual components, or systems, and indicates possible alternative arrangements. The apparatus is described to meet the varied demands of research workers for an operationally versatile apparatus that is nevertheless easy to operate and service, reliable, and not too demanding of space, medium supply, and manpower. The chapter states the six basic conditions that fulfill all continuous-culture devices. The chemostat is constructed in two separable parts, the “fermenter unit” and the “control unit”, which are connected by a multi-core cable through multi-point plugs and sockets. The framework of the fermenter unit is constructed of slotted steel angle and panelled with “peg-board.” Agitation of the culture must be sufficient to promote near-perfect mixing and, in the case of aerobic cultures, to allow oxygen to dissolve in the culture at a rate greater than the maximum at which it is used by the growing organisms. To achieve steady-state conditions in a chemostat, fresh sterile medium must be added continuously to the culture at a pre-set, unvarying, rate. The culture volume must be maintained constant by removing liquid from the growth vessel at a rate equal to the sum of the rates of addition of medium, titrant, and so on.
Transmission-Gate Logic

Our experience with NMOS logic circuits using transmission gates as switches suggests that we may extend the technique to GaAs circuits. However, the lack of DC isolation between the gate and the source or drain in a GaAs MESFET makes the use of the transmission gate problematic. Fig. 4.1 shows a transmission gate which is either a depletion or enhancement transistor. The circuit is symmetrical with respect to the gate, and current can flow from node 1 to node 2, or vice versa, depending on whether V1 is greater or less than V2. Without loss of generality, node 1 will be taken as the input and node 2 the output, which is usually connected to an inverter whose loading effect is approximated by the capacitance C. If the control signal, usually the gate voltage, is sufficiently positive with respect to either the drain or source voltage, gate current will flow and the control signal will appear at the output. In addition, if the gate-to-source or gate-to-drain capacitance is comparable to the load capacitance C, a significant fraction of the control signal will be at the output and a logical error may be produced at the output of the inverter. Nevertheless, if the amplitude of the control voltage is limited to certain range of values, the feed-through can be minimized and the transmission gate can be used as a voltage-controlled switch.
CUDA-enabled Hadoop cluster for Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication

Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is an architecture and programming model that allows leveraging the high compute-intensive processing power of the Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) to perform general, non-graphical tasks in a massively parallel manner. Hadoop is an open-source software framework that has its own file system, the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and its own programming model, the Map Reduce, in order to accomplish the tasks of storage of very large amount of data and their fast processing in a distributed manner in a cluster of inexpensive hardware. This paper presents a model and implementation of a Hadoop-CUDA Hybrid approach to perform Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication(SpMV) of very large matrices in a very high performing manner. Hadoop is used for splitting the input matrix into smaller sub-matrices, storing them on individual data nodes and then invoking the required CUDA kernels on the individual GPU-possessing cluster nodes. The original SpMV is done using CUDA. Such an implementation has been seen to improve the performance of the SpMV operation over very large matrices by speedup of around 1.4 in comparison to non-Hadoop, single-GPU CUDA implementation.
High Gain Adaptive Decentralized Control

A decentralized adaptive control scheme is presented for a class of large scale interconnected systems. The scheme has the advantage that in addition to the standard assumption about the uncertainty of the subsystems, the strength of interconnections is assumed unknown, provided certain structural constraints are satisfied. The adaptation gains automatically adjust to levels that assure stability of the overall system.
Dust bombardment on the lunar surface.

Flux of planetary dust particles bombarding lunar surface and effects on accretion processes and dendroid layer formation
An Approach to Evaluate Communication Cost in Grid System

Resource usage cost is an important aspect of resource management in a grid system. This paper describes an approach to evaluate communication cost in terms of the IP address of participants. According to the way of the settlement in the Internet, we use autonomous system (AS) relationships and AS path to evaluate. We also present an approach to infer AS relationships from BGP routing tables.
The Superobese Mother and Ethnic Disparities in Preterm Birth

Objectives We assessed the association between preterm birth and obesity subtypes across racial/ethnic groups. Methods We analyzed data on 540 981 women from birth cohort files for the State of Florida from 2004 to 2007. Obese women were categorized using body mass index (BMI) values as class I obese (30.0 ≤ BMI ≤ 34.9), class II obese (35.0 ≤ BMI ≤ 39.9), class III or extremely obese (40 ≤ BMI ≤ 49.9), and superobese (BMI ≥ 50.0). Logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted estimates. Results About 28% of women were obese, with the highest rate (40.9%) registered among black gravidas, while whites and Hispanics had comparable rates (24.3% vs 25.5%, respectively). Superobesity was also most prevalent in blacks (1.3%). Among obese women, the risk for preterm birth was greatest among blacks (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.65-1.77), while whites (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.12-1.19) and Hispanics (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.27) had significantly lower and comparable risk levels. Conclusions Extremely obese and superobese women are emerging high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes, and black women appear to bear the heaviest burden. The disproportionately rising trend in extreme forms of obesity among black women is of utmost concern and represents a clarion call for infusion of more resources into obesity prevention programs in black communities.
Cytoplasmic and cortical determinants interact to specify ectoderm and mesoderm in the leech embryo

In leech embryos, segmental ectoderm and mesoderm are produced by a pair of sister cells located near the animal and vegetal poles, respectively. We have investigated the mechanism that localizes ectodermal and mesodermal fates along the animal-vegetal axis. The results of cleavage arrest and cell ablation experiments suggest that the full range of normal cell interactions are not required for this process. However, when the animal and vegetal hemispheres are separated by re-orientation of the first cleavage plane from meridional to equatorial, the ectodermal fate co-segregates with the animal hemisphere and the mesodermal fate with the vegetal hemisphere. Two pools of yolk-deficient cytoplasm, called teloplasm, are located at the animal and vegetal poles of the zygote, but separation of the animal and vegetal teloplasms is not sufficient for the segregation of ectodermal and mesodermal fates. Rather, complete segregation of fates requires an equatorial cleavage orientation that separates not only the two teloplasms, but also the animal and vegetal cortical regions. This, in conjunction with previous findings, indicates that ectodermal determinants are localized to the cell cortex in the animal hemisphere of the zygote. We propose that these determinants segregate to the ectodermal precursor and interact with factors in teloplasm to transform the fate of this cell from a mesodermal ground state to ectoderm.
Measurements of lift fluctuations due to turbulence

The fluctuating lift of a rigid wing in turbulent flow is studied. The power spectra of the lift and of the turbulent fluctuations are measured. From these measurements the aerodynamic admittance of the wing is obtained. The ratio of span/scale of turbulence is varied by means of movable end plates. For a distance between the end plates of the order of the scale of turbulence the aerodynamic admittance is expected to approach the computed values of Sears. This is shown to be the case if the reduced frequencies are larger than k = 0.8. For smaller k the experimental admittance falls below Sears' values. For large ratios of span/scale of turbulence the aerodynamic admittance is decreased for all frequencies and becomes nearly independent of frequency in the investigated range 0.2 <= k <= 2. In general the measurements support the simplifying assumptions made in the statistical approach to gust loads and buffeting initiated by Clementson and by Liepmann.
Native Visions: Evolution in Northwest Coast Art from the Eighteenth through the Twentieth Century

Native Visions: Evolution in Northwest Coast Art from the Eighteenth through the Twentieth Century. Steven C. Brown. Seattle: The Seattle Art Museum in association with the University of Washington Press, 1998. 116pp.
Production of deuterated switchgrass by hydroponic cultivation

Main conclusion The bioenergy crop switchgrass was grown hydroponically from tiller cuttings in 50 % D2O to obtain biomass with 34 % deuterium substitution and physicochemical properties similar to those of H2O-grown switchgrass controls. Deuterium enrichment of biological materials can potentially enable expanded experimental use of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to investigate molecular structural transitions of complex systems such as plant cell walls. Two key advances have been made that facilitate cultivation of switchgrass, an important forage and biofuel crop, for controlled isotopic enrichment: (1) perfusion system with individual chambers and (2) hydroponic growth from tiller cuttings. Plants were grown and maintained for several months with periodic harvest. Photosynthetic activity was monitored by measurement of CO2 in outflow from the growth chambers. Plant morphology and composition appeared normal compared to matched controls grown with H2O. Using this improved method, gram quantities of switchgrass leaves and stems were produced by continuous hydroponic cultivation using growth medium consisting of basal mineral salts in 50 % D2O. Deuterium incorporation was confirmed by detection of the O-D and C-D stretching peaks with FTIR and quantified by 1H- and 2H-NMR. This capability to produce deuterated lignocellulosic biomass under controlled conditions will enhance investigation of cell wall structure and its deconstruction by neutron scattering and NMR techniques.
Time-resolved measurements of OH and HO2 product formation in pulsed-photolytic chlorine atom initiated oxidation of neopentane

The time-resolved production of HO2 and OH has been measured in pulsed-photolytic Cl-initiated oxidation of neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) between 573 and 750 K. The initial reaction in the oxidation process is the reaction of the neopentyl radical (R), formed by Cl + neopentane, with O2. The neopentylperoxy radical (RO2) formed can then isomerize to a hydroperoxyalkyl radical (QOOH) and dissociate. The production of HO2 in the neopentane oxidation is attributed to secondary reaction of the RO2 or QOOH radicals, since the neopentylperoxy radical cannot form a conjugate alkene + HO2, and formation of 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane + HO2 is energetically inaccessible. Significant HO2 formation is measured above 623 K, and the formation of HO2 increases with increasing temperature. The overall amount of HO2 produced increases with increasing O2 at 673 K, consistent with the proposed role for QOOH + O2 in chain branching for this system. A simple kinetic model is constructed based on comparison with previous time-dependent master equation calculations of analogous processes in the reaction of n-propyl with O2. The present experimental results require inclusion of formally direct pathways for several chemical activation reactions, especially direct production of OH from R + O2. Estimation of these direct components by analogy with n-propyl + O2 is reasonably successful. The isomerization from RO2 to QOOH is found to be significantly larger than previously proposed. A possible course towards a generally applicable theoretically-based model for alkyl radical oxidation is suggested.
Helium dispersion following release in a 1/4-scale two-car residential garage

Abstract A series of experiments are described in which helium was released at a constant rate into a 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.75 m enclosure designed as a 1/4-scale model of a two-car garage. The purpose was to provide reference datasets for testing and validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and to experimentally characterize the effects of a number of variables on the mixing behavior within an enclosure and the exchange of helium with the outside surroundings. Helium was used as a surrogate for hydrogen, and the total volume released was scaled as the amount that would be released by a typical hydrogen-fueled automobile with a full tank. Temporal profiles of helium were measured at seven vertical locations within the enclosure during and following 1-h and 4-h releases. Idealized vents in one wall sized to provide air exchange rates typical of actual garages were used. The effects of vent size, number, and location were investigated using three different vent combinations. The dependence on leak location was considered by releasing helium at three different points within the enclosure.
Asp-960/Glu-961 Controls the Movement of the C-terminal Tail of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor to Regulate Asymmetric Dimer Formation

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a tyrosine kinase that dimerizes in response to ligand binding. Ligand-induced dimerization of the extracellular domain of the receptor promotes formation of an asymmetric dimer of the intracellular kinase domains, leading to stimulation of the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor. We recently monitored ligand-promoted conformational changes within the EGF receptor in real time using luciferase fragment complementation imaging and showed that there was significant movement of the C-terminal tail of the EGF receptor following EGF binding (Yang, K. S., Ilagan, M. X. G., Piwnica-Worms, D., and Pike, L. J. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 7474–7482). To investigate the structural basis for this conformational change, we analyzed the effect of several mutations on the kinase activity and luciferase fragment complementation activity of the EGF receptor. Mutation of Asp-960 and Glu-961, two residues at the beginning of the C-terminal tail, to alanine resulted in a marked enhancement of EGF-stimulated kinase activity as well as enhanced downstream signaling. The side chain of Asp-960 interacts with that of Ser-787. Mutation of Ser-787 to Phe, which precludes this interaction, also leads to enhanced receptor kinase activity. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that Asp-960/Glu-961 represents a hinge or fulcrum for the movement of the C-terminal tail of the EGF receptor. Mutation of these residues destabilizes this hinge, facilitating the formation of the activating asymmetric dimer and leading to enhanced receptor signaling.
Tracking Content Changes at Aggregated Websites for Serials

Of the many vexing and unprecedented bibliographic control problems facing librarians in the digital age, perhaps none is so far from resolution as the question of how to stay current with changes ...
Transnationalism in the Era of Nation‐States: China, 1900–1945

Transnationalism tends to be seen as a late twentieth century development associated with advanced capitalism, flexible production and post-modernism. However, if, as many claim, nationalism emerged in the era of capitalism, then it surely had to deal with the boundary-crossing and globalizing impetus of capitalism from its inception. This article explores how nationalist regimes and spokesmen dealt with the transnational flows, demands, and ideals generated not only by capitalism, but by historical forces such as universalizing religions and the distribution and movement of populations across territorial nations. Focusing on East Asia in the first half of the twentieth century, three cases are studied: the convergence of Chinese and Japanese ideals of pan-Asianism; the Chinese republican regime's effort to incorporate the non-Chinese peoples of the vast peripheries into the territorial nation-state; and this regime's efforts to cultivate the loyalty of overseas Chinese to the nation-state. Mobilizing and deploying these transterritorial phenomena was crucial to the nation-state's internal power, yet such a mobilization tended to transgress the conception of territorial sovereignty upon which the nation-state was equally dependent both domestically and internationally. The recent signs of a tendency for the territorially sovereign nation to develop into a deterritorialized nation has consequences that can only be understood in the context of the nation's relationship to transnational forces in this earlier period.
Gβγ interactions with PH domains and Ras-MAPK signaling pathways

Abstract G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling are two mechanisms of transmembrane communication used by numerous extracellular agents and stimuli. The βγ-subunit complex of G proteins mediates many of the functions associated with G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and may even provide a means to link G proteins to RTK-initiated cascades. This connection may be mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain, a modular domain found in many signaling proteins that interact with G βγ .
Challenges and Choices: Exploring the Interplay of Climate, History, and Culture on Canada's Labrador Coast

The Inuit of late 18th-century Labrador lived in large communal houses, participated in long-distance trade networks, and maintained relatively elaborate economic and political organizations. For 25 yr archaeologists and ethnohistorians have debated the significance of these characteristics. Some propose that these practices are indicators of stress resulting from deteriorated environmental conditions, others see them as signs of economic success due, in part, to exploitation of Europeans visiting the coast. This paper examines the convergence of environment, history, and culture in late 18th-century Labrador. The authors argue that the Inuit experienced generally stable and moderate climatic conditions at this time. They were able to live with a degree of security, even accumulate surpluses, as a result of their flexible social and economic structure and the natural resources available to them. During this same period, Europeans visited Labrador in growing numbers and Moravian missionaries established mission stations amongst the Inuit. The Europeans' presence presented the Inuit with economic opportunities, while also posing significant spiritual and social threats. The Inuit responded by amplifying and elaborating some of their cultural practices in order to secure economic advantages, but also as a form of social resistance. Paleoenvironmental, ethnohistorical, and archaeological data indicate that late 18th-century Labrador Inuit enjoyed economic success while experiencing profound social distress.
Autonomic innervation of the spleen of the coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch: A histochemical demonstration and preliminary assessment of its immunoregulatory role

Regulation of immunity by the nervous system, now a well-established phenomenon in mammals, is effected in part through the autonomic innervation of lymphoid tissues. Noradrenergic fibers specifically target lymphocyte-rich areas in mammalian lymphoid tissues, and their ablation, or the administration of adrenergic agents, can significantly alter immune responses. This study demonstrates that the spleen of the coho salmon is also richly innervated by adrenergic neurons. While this innervation enters the spleen and remains largely associated with the splenic vasculature, fibers can also be observed entering the parenchyma. Although the coho spleen does not possess a well-developed white pulp, aggregations of leukocytes are found adjacent to the major blood vessels in close proximity to the vascular nervous tissue and parenchymal fibers. Chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine results in a significant enhancement of the splenic antibody-secreting cell response to trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cells. These results suggest that sympathectomy is removing a constraint, in the form of inhibitory catecholamines, on the immune response. The potential benefits from a teleost model of neural-immune interactions are discussed.
Evaluation of NMP22 in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

AbstractPurpose: Urinary nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) was evaluated for detection of new and recurrent bladder tumors in patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma. Our objective was to determine sensitivity and specificity of this marker for tumors of various stages and grades, as well as its use as an adjunct to or substitute for urinary cytology.Materials and Methods: A total of 231 patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma provided 288 voided urine samples before cytoscopic examination at 1 of 3 institutions (53 patients were reevaluated at least once). Urine samples were assayed for NMP2 using the NMP22 Test Kit.† †Matritech, Newton, Massachusetts. Select patients underwent biopsy with appropriate additional therapy. Voided urinary cytology was obtained in 200 cases. End points for determination of the absence and presence of tumor were negative cystoscopy and positive biopsy, respectively. A receiver operating characteristics curve was constructed to determine the optimal ...
A knowledge basis for engineering design

This paper presents the application of knowledge-based epistemology of engineering to the understandings of the engineering design process. This work aims to extend discussion on Philosophy of Engineering into its impact on our understanding of engineering design. The question this paper aims to address is how a knowledge-based philosophy of engineering supports the distinctive challenges in distinguishing engineering design from scientific exploration and artistic design. Centrally, this paper argues for the centrality of argument, at the center of engineering design. The paper then aims at discussing implications that such an understanding of design would have on the learning of engineering design.
Transport of ribosomal RNA into the oöcytes of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus.

Abstract The accumulation of detectable amounts of newly synthesized ribosomes has been shown to be prevented by ligaturing the nutritive cords between the oocytes and the trophic syncytium of the Oncopeltus ovary. Unligatured control oocytes on the opposite side of the same bug accumulated normal quantities of newly synthesized ribosomes under the same conditions. It is concluded that the oocytes are inactive in the synthesis of ribosomes, this function being entirely the province of the trophic syncytium. Evidence is presented which supports the contention that the oocytes are synthesizing transfer RNA as well as a high molecular weight, polydisperse, fraction which may be the maternal messenger RNA of the egg.
Ramsey on Judgment: The Theory of “Facts and Propositions”

Ramsey's "Facts and Propositions" is terse, allusive, and dense. The paper is far from easy to understand. The present essay is an effort, largely following Brian Loar's account,' to say what Ramsey's goal is, to spell out what he took to be the means to accomplish it, and to show how those means, at least in the terms of F&P, cannot accomplish that end. I also contrast Loar's own account of judgment, explicitly modeled on Ramsey's view, with the latter. The exercise is not at all academic. Loar makes clear the striking depth and originality of Ramsey's insights.
Government Guidelines for CCTV: A Comparison of Four Countries

Increased interest in creating safe environments while controlling security costs has led to the proliferation of closed circuit television (CCTV) systems in the public sector. This article describes and compares guidelines from four countries on the installation and usage of CCTV systems. To assist those contemplating, or already invested in, CCTV the national governments of the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, and New Zealand have published guidelines that are voluntary rather than proscriptive. While sharing many recommendations, each set of guidelines also has unique suggestions. This comparative overview of the guidelines provides assistance to practitioner and scholar interested in CCTV.
Alternatives to randomized controlled trials in telemedicine

Research designs other than true experiments may be useful in the evaluation of telemedicine. Potential methods include those that do not rely on randomization and tight control of the intervention, and analysis of existing administrative and clinical databases. Quasi-experimental designs may also be useful, especially when conducted in association with careful statistical methods that allow the investigator to control for certain differences between groups. Databases, such as those maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, contain information on both outcomes and claims, as well as disease/procedure registries and electronic health records. This may provide a potential tool for understanding the effects of telemedicine on access to care in conjunction with costs and quality. These different approaches have advantages and disadvantages, but may be useful in telemedicine, where the conduct of randomized controlled trials is generally very expensive and frequently not feasible.
Hafnium is not a bulk superconductor

Abstract Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on fifteen well characterized samples of hafnium down to 0.015°K indicate that pure hafnium is not a bulk superconductor.