cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Addressing Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and African-American Participation in Research: An Asset-Based Community Development Approach.

Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a worldwide burden to address for persons with ADRD, their family members, and others at risk. ADRD should be recognized as a public health priority (Barnes, 2019), particularly among African Americans for several reasons. Currently, African Americans have 2–4 times the risk of developing ADRD than non-Hispanic Whites (Barnes and Bennett, 2014; McDonough, 2017). Given the higher presence of co-morbid conditions and associated health disparities when comparing African Americans to other racial and ethnic groups (Dillworth-Anderson and Boswell, 2007; Hill et al., 2015), African Americans can have worse physical health and quality-of-life. These factors can also increase costs of care for persons with ADRD and their family members. African Americans could be further burdened by significantly higher costs of care than Whites (Gilligan et al., 2012) and lack of adequate insurance. Despite these disparities, African Americans are still underrepresented in ADRD research. Cultural and institutional barriers include primary reliance on passive recruitment strategies (e.g., postings, flyers, database recruitment) not tailored to communities of color, implicit bias, and mistrust of medical communities, academic institutions, and researchers (Ballard et al., 2010; Scharff et al., 2010; Williams et al., 2010; Shin and Doraiswamy, 2016). Investigator inclusion and participation criteria deemed more feasible for White participants (ex. Medical eligibility criteria, job restrictions, time, and financial requirements to go to study sites) also undermine or limit the participation of African Americans and other participants of color (Wendler et al., 2006; Konkel, 2015). Using asset-based community development (ABCD) approaches (Kretzmann and McKnight, 1993) can lead to improved access and delivery of care and ADRD knowledge among African Americans, increased social support for African-American caregivers and elders living with or at risk for ADRD, and increased African-American representation in neuroscience research. In this article, we describe the development and implementation of an ABCD approach for increasing African-American representation in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Project (WRAP).
Metagenomic characterization of creek sediment microbial communities from a major agricultural region in Salinas, California

ABSTRACT Little is known about the public health risks associated with natural creek sediments that are affected by runoff and fecal pollution from agricultural and livestock practices. For instance, the persistence of foodborne pathogens originating from agricultural activities such as Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in such sediments remains poorly quantified. Towards closing these knowledge gaps, the water-sediment interface of two creeks in the Salinas River Valley was sampled over a nine-month period using metagenomics and traditional culture-based tests for STEC. Our results revealed that these sediment communities are extremely diverse and comparable to the functional and taxonomic diversity observed in soils. With our sequencing effort (~4 Gbp per library), we were unable to detect any pathogenic Escherichia coli in the metagenomes of 11 samples that had tested positive using culture-based methods, apparently due to relatively low pathogen abundance. Further, no significant differences were detected in the abundance of human- or cow-specific gut microbiome sequences compared to upstream, more pristine (control) sites, indicating natural dilution of anthropogenic inputs. Notably, a high baseline level of metagenomic reads encoding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was found in all samples and was significantly higher compared to ARG reads in metagenomes from other environments, suggesting that these communities may be natural reservoirs of ARGs. Overall, our metagenomic results revealed that creek sediments are not a major sink for anthropogenic runoff and the public health risk associated with these sediment microbial communities may be low. IMPORTANCE Current agricultural and livestock practices contribute to fecal contamination in the environment and the spread of food and water-borne disease and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Traditionally, the level of pollution and risk to public health is assessed by culture-based tests for the intestinal bacterium, E. coli. However, the accuracy of these traditional methods (e.g., low quantification, and false positive signal when PCR-based) and their suitability for sediments remains unclear. We collected sediments for a time series metagenomics study from one of the most highly productive agricultural regions in the U.S. in order to assess how agricultural runoff affects the native microbial communities and if the presence of STEC in sediment samples can be detected directly by sequencing. Our study provided important information on the potential for using metagenomics as a tool for assessment of public health risk in natural environments.
Capsules of Reactive Ionic Liquids for Selective Capture of Carbon Dioxide at Low Concentrations.

The task-specific ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-cyanopyrolide ([EMIM][2-CNpyr]), was encapsulated with polyurea (PU) and graphene oxide (GO) sheets via a one-pot Pickering emulsi...
Pool Boiling Inversion and Hysteresis with Femtosecond Laser Processed 304 Stainless Steel Surfaces for Heat Transfer Enhancement

In this paper, experimental results of pool boiling inversion and hysteresis on functionalized 304 stainless steel using distilled water at atmospheric pressure are presented. The surface was modified using femtosecond laser surface processing to create hierarchical micro/nanostructures. Boiling curves were generated once steady-state was reached, with steady-state defined as having a temperature slope less than 0.25 degrees Celsius per minute. The steady-state criterion was examined by allowing the surface to have extended boiling times at specified heat fluxes. In separate runs, the surface boiled for four hours at heat fluxes of 25, 40, 60, and 70 watts per square centimeter once the steady-state criterion was reached. No change in superheat was seen for the 25 and 40 watts per square centimeter heat fluxes over the four hour period. Drastic reductions in superheat of 6.4 and 4.9 degrees Celsius were seen for the 60 and 70 watts per square centimeter heat fluxes, respectively, resulting in higher heat transfer coefficients when compared to a run without extended boiling. It was found that at heat fluxes below the pool boiling inversion point, the superheat did not change with extended boiling times and the steady-state condition was adequate. The opposite was true for heat fluxes above the pool boiling inversion point. The decrease in superheat at higher heat fluxes was attributed to the change in nucleation dynamics, which are the cause of the pool boiling inversion phenomenon. These changes in the nucleation dynamics are suspected to cause a delay in the activation of nucleation sites, requiring longer times to achieve true steady-state conditions. To illustrate the difference in times, lower heat fluxes reached true steady-state in 15 to 20 minutes whereas higher heat fluxes took nearly three hours. Hysteresis of the boiling curve was examined by decreasing the heat flux once it reached about 105 watts per square centimeter. Hysteresis occurred during each run and resulted in a more efficient boiling curve when compared to the increasing heat flux portion. The hysteresis curves for each run were nearly identical regardless of the extended boiling at varying heat fluxes. These results highlight the need for careful consideration and understanding of the steady-state criterion, especially with surfaces that result in pool boiling inversion. These results further confirm that combining pool boiling inversion with hysteresis can result in stable and repeatable enhancement in the boiling curve, regardless of the thermal history of the surface.
Protecting Time Series Data with Minimal Forecast Loss.

Forecasting could be negatively impacted due to anonymization requirements in data protection legislation. To measure the potential severity of this problem, we derive theoretical bounds for the loss to forecasts from additive exponential smoothing models using protected data. Following the guidelines of anonymization from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), we develop the $k$-nearest Time Series ($k$-nTS) Swapping and $k$-means Time Series ($k$-mTS) Shuffling methods to create protected time series data that minimizes the loss to forecasts while preventing a data intruder from detecting privacy issues. For efficient and effective decision making, we formally model an integer programming problem for a perfect matching for simultaneous data swapping in each cluster. We call it a two-party data privacy framework since our optimization model includes the utilities of a data provider and data intruder. We apply our data protection methods to thousands of time series and find that it maintains the forecasts and patterns (level, trend, and seasonality) of time series well compared to standard data protection methods suggested in legislation. Substantively, our paper addresses the challenge of protecting time series data when used for forecasting. Our findings suggest the managerial importance of incorporating the concerns of forecasters into the data protection itself.
Connection Lost, MAM: Errors in ER-Mitochondria Connections in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), as the name suggests, are the membranes that physically and biochemically connect mitochondria with endoplasmic reticulum. MAMs not only structurally but also functionally connect these two important organelles within the cell which were previously thought to exist independently. There are multiple points of communication between ER–mitochondria and MAMs play an important role in both ER and mitochondria functions such as Ca2+ homeostasis, proteostasis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, movement, and mitophagy. The number of disease-related proteins and genes being associated with MAMs has been continually on the rise since its discovery. There is an overwhelming overlap between the biochemical functions of MAMs and processes affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Thus, MAMs have received well-deserving and much delayed attention as modulators for ER–mitochondria communication and function. This review briefly discusses the recent progress made in this now fast developing field full of promise for very exciting future therapeutic discoveries.
Particle formation and growth in dilute aluminum(III) solutions: Characterization of particle size distributions at pH 5.5

Abstract Particle formation and growth over the 1–40 μm size range in dilute aluminum solutions (approx. 2 × 10 −4 M) have been studied using an electronic particle counter. Sulfate, fulvate and hydroxide ion accelerate the rate of particle formation and changes of the particle size distribution over time. Increasing ionic strength (inert electrolyte) produces similar but less dramatic effects. Combinations of sulfate and fulvic acid or sulfate and inert electrolyte further accelerate the rate of particle formation. Aluminum chloride solutions at moderate ionic strength are devoid of supramicron particles after several days. A conceptual pathway model is developed which suggests that two different solids are formed when aluminum is added to fulvic acid solutions: an aluminum-fulvate precipitate and Al(OH) 2 (s). The first solid dominates in fulvic acid solutions at pH ∼5.5.
Temperature, illumination and fluence dependence of current and voltage in electron irradiated solar cells

Emperical equations have been derived from measurements of solar cell photovoltaic characteristics relating light generated current, IL, and open circuit voltage, VO, to cell temperature, T, intensity of illumination, W, and 1 Mev electron fluence, phi both 2 ohm-cm and 10 ohm-cm cells were tested. The temperature dependency of IL is similar for both resistivities at 140mw/sq cm; at high temperature the coefficient varies with fluence as phi 0.18, while at low temperatures the coefficient is relatively independent of fluence. Fluence dependent degration causes a decrease in IL at a rate proportional to phi 0.153 for both resistivities. At all intensities other than 560 mw/sq cm, a linear dependence of IL on illumination was found. The temperature coefficient of voltage was, to a good approximation, independent of both temperature and illumination for both resistivities. Illumination dependence of VOC was logarithmic, while the decrease with fluence of VOC varied as phi 0.25 for both resistivities.
The Dynamics of Firm Behavior Under Alternative Cost Structures

A large and growing number of studies attempt to determine the important factors affecting firms' decisions with respect to price, output, and inventories. A striking feature of this literature is the embarassingly large number of alternative models all allegedly consistent with the principles of profit maximization-which are used to justify various reduced form or behavioral equations to be estimated with the appropriate firm or industry data. It is rare, however, that the equations to be estimated are derived rigorously from the underlying model. Because of this, the restrictions placed on the equations to be estimated are often limited at worst to nothing more than specifying which variables should be included in the regression, and at best to fixing the algebraic signs of some of the coefficients. As a consequence, it is frequently difficult or impossible to discriminate among different models involving the same list of variables. The present paper is concerned with these problems. In it, I derive the profit-maximizing decision rules implied by a variety of alternative cost structures. The goal of the study is to demonstrate that different assumptions about the cost structure, perhaps equally plausible on a priori grounds, imply differences in the corresponding optimizing behavior, and to point out specificallv what those differences are. In addition, since differences among the decision rules are interesting not only in themselves (for purposes of regression analysis) but also because of the differences they imply in the response of firms to changes in the environment, the decision rules corresponding to the various cost structures are subjected to a dynamic analysis in which various patterns of demand are simulated, and the different behavior patterns compared. The ultimate goal of the study is to lead to models of the firm that have superior explanatory and predictive power to those encountered to date. Even if that promise is not fulfilled, however, the study should lead to an increased understanding of the way various elements of the objective function interact to generate optimal decisions for the important variables over which the firm has control.
Processive replication is contingent on the exonuclease subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme

In this report we have taken the reconstitution approach to study which subunits of the heterotrimer core polymerase (alpha, epsilon, theta) participate in the highly processive replication of long DNA templates by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (holoenzyme). Comparison of the core and the alpha epsilon complex (the DNA polymerase and 3'-5' exonuclease subunits, respectively) shows they are both rapid and highly processive polymerases when they are reconstituted into a holoenzyme with the gamma complex (gamma delta delta' chi psi) and beta accessory proteins of holoenzyme. Specifically, holoenzyme reconstituted using either core or alpha epsilon completely replicates a uniquely primed 5.4-kilobase (kb) single-stranded DNA within 12 s in one binding event. Hence the theta subunit of core is not required for the processivity or speed of the holoenzyme. In contrast, when only the alpha subunit is reconstituted into the holoenzyme it is unable to replicate the entire 5.4-kb circle in one binding event but still retains a fairly high processivity of 1-3 kb and when given sufficient time for multiple binding events it finally finishes the entire circle. Therefore, highly processive DNA synthesis by holoenzyme is contingent on the epsilon exonuclease subunit. In light of these results the significance of the polymerase and exonuclease activities residing in two separate polypeptides is discussed.
An Empirical Bayes Approach to Statistics

Let X be a random variable which for simplicity we shall assume to have discrete values x and which has a probability distribution depending in a known way on an unknown real parameter A, $$ p\left( {x|\lambda } \right) = Pr[X = x|\Lambda = \lambda ], $$ (1) A itself being a random variable with a priori distribution function $$ G\left( \lambda \right) = \operatorname{P} r[\Lambda {\text{ }}\underline \leqslant {\text{ }}\lambda ]. $$ (2)
Advanced Steels for Accident Tolerant Fuel Cladding in Current Light Water Reactors

After the March 2011 Fukushima events, the U.S. Congress directed the Department of Energy (DOE) to focus efforts on the development of fuel cladding materials with enhanced accident tolerance. In comparison with the stand-ard UO2–Zirconium based system, the new fuels need to tolerate loss of active cooling in the core for a considerably longer time period while maintaining or improving the fuel performance during normal operation conditions. Advanced steels such as iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are being investigated for degradation behavior both under normal operation conditions in high temperature water (e.g. 288°C) and under accident conditions for reaction with steam up to 1400°C. Commercial and experimental alloys were tested for several periods of time in 100% superheated steam from 800°C to 1475°C. Results show that FeCrAl alloys significantly outperform the resistance in steam of the current zirconium alloys.
Nonequilibrium conditions at thermal emission

The process of water evaporation from a clean and a monolayer-coated surface is compared to the similar case of thermionic emission from clean and coated metal surfaces. The conditions of equilibrium in the vapor phase are discussed and experimentally tested. Other theoretical aspects are employed for an explanation of the result, and the literature regarding the reduction of evaporation by monolayers is briefly discussed.
Directions in Multi−Query Optimization for Sensor Networks

The widespread dissemination of small-scale sensor nodes has sparked interest in a powerful new database abstraction for sensor networks: Clients “program” the sensors through queries in a high-level declarative language (such as a variant of SQL), and catalog management and query processing techniques abstract the user from the physical details of tasking the sensors. We call the resulting system a sensor data management system (SDMS). Sensor networks have important constraints on communication, computation and power consumption. Energy is the most valuable resource for unattended battery-powered nodes. Since radio communication consumes most of the available node power, our goal is to identify strategies that reduce network traffic. We give an overview of three distinct approaches to reducing the cost of processing aggregate queries in sensor networks: i) selection of suitable routes for collecting results of multiple queries, ii) data reduction techniques that exploit query commonalities and iii) a hybrid pull-push communication paradigm for query and result propagation. We pay particular attention to the third approach and present in detail an algorithm for finding a pull-push configuration that minimizes on expectation the network traffic. Experimental analysis shows that our algorithm offers significant energy savings.
Convergence of nanotechnology with radiation therapy-insights and implications for clinical translation.

Improvements in accuracy and efficacy in treating tumors with radiation therapy (RT) over the years have been fueled by parallel technological and conceptual advances in imaging and imageguidance techniques, radiation treatment machines, computational methods, and the understanding of the biology of tumor response to RT. Recent advances in our understanding of the hallmarks of cancer and the emergence of strategies to combat these traits of cancer have resulted in an expanding repertoire of targeted therapeutics, many of which can be exploited for enhancing the efficacy of RT. Complementing this advent of new treatment options is the evolution of our knowledge of the interaction between nanoscale materials and human tissues (nanomedicine). As with the changes in RT paradigms when the field has encountered newer and maturing disciplines, the incorporation of nanotechnology innovations into radiation oncology has the potential to refine or redefine its principles and revolutionize its practice. This review provides a summary of the principles, applications, challenges and outlook for the use of metallic nanoparticles in RT.
Making PVS do what you want

We focus on how to capture common specification and proof patterns in PVS in order to tailor PVS for the verification of a particular class of systems. The use of specification templates can simplify the development of PVS strategies that correspond to proof steps that recur in proofs of specific classes of system properties.
Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region. I. Intracellular response characteristics, synaptic responses, and morphology

Stable intracellular recordings were obtained from nonpyramidal cells (interneurons) in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (L-M) of the CA1 region of guinea pig hippocampal slices. The intracellular response characteristics of these interneurons were distinctly different from responses of pyramidal cells and of other interneurons (basket cells and oriens-alveus interneurons). L-M interneurons had a high resting membrane potential (-58 mV), a high input resistance (64 M omega), and a large amplitude (60 mV), relatively long duration (2 msec) action potential. A large afterhyperpolarization (11 mV, 34 msec) followed a single action potential. Most L-M interneurons did not display any spontaneous firing. Lucifer yellow (LY)-filled L-M interneurons showed nonpyramidal morphology. Cells were generally fusiform or multipolar, with aspinous, beaded dendritic processes ramifying in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and (sometimes) oriens. The varicose axon originated from a primary dendrite, projected along stratum lacunosum-moleculare, branched profusely in stratum radiatum, and coursed toward and into stratum pyramidale and occasionally into oriens. Processes of cells with somata in the L-M region of CA1 were not restricted to the CA1 region. The dendritic and axonal processes of some L-M interneurons were seen ascending in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, crossing the hippocampal fissure, and coursing in stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) were evoked in L-M interneurons from stimulation of major hippocampal afferents. EPSPs were most effectively elicited by stimulation of fiber pathways in transverse slices, whereas IPSPs were predominantly evoked when major pathways were stimulated in longitudinal slices. We have identified a population of interneurons with intracellular response characteristics and morphology distinctly different from previously described pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons of CA1 region. The possible role of these interneurons in hippocampal circuitry is discussed.
Mechanics of a nanocrystalline coating and grain-size dependence of its plastic strength

Abstract From the mechanics perspective the most critical properties of a coating material are likely its yield strength, hardness, and wear resistance. These properties are intimately related to each other as a material with high yield strength usually also possesses superior hardness and strong wear resistance. Our objective in this study is to seek for the strongest material state in terms of its plastic strength, and the critical grain size at which this strength can be attained. Based on the cross-sectional morphology of a nanocrystalline coating we first conceive a composite plate model consisting of the columnar grains and the grain boundary affiliated region (broadly called the GB zone), and present a plane-stress theory to investigate its in-plane behavior. We then make use of a linear comparison composite and a field fluctuation approach to explore the competition between the grain interior and the plastically softer GB zone as the grain size decreases from the coarse grain to the nanometer range. Based on the developed model the anisotropic stress–strain relations of a ZrN coating are illustrated as a function of grain size in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. It is demonstrated that, as the grain size decreases, the variation of plastic strength in the Hall–Petch plot undergoes a transition from a positive to a negative slope, exhibiting the Hall–Petch and the inverse Hall–Petch effects. The strength-differential effect between tension and compression is also observed. The critical grain sizes at which the maximum strength develops are found to be lower along the out-of-plane direction than along the in-plane ones, and also lower under compression than under tension. Based on Tabor’s law, our calculated critical grain size for the hardness was about 16 nm, while a recent indentation test indicated a range of 14.2–19 nm. The existence of Hall–Petch, inverse Hall–Petch, and strength-differential effects, and of an optimal grain size, is thus theoretically proven for the first time for nanocrystalline coatings.
A dynamic analysis of a functional brace for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency

A dynamic, in vivo, functional analysis of braces designed for ACL insufficiency has never been reported. In this study, 14 athletes who had arthroscopically proven absent ACLs were evaluated in the Biomechanics Laboratory at the Centinela Hospital Medical Center. None of the ligaments were repaired or reconstructed. Footswitch, high speed photography, and force place data were recorded while the athletes performed running and cutting maneuvers with and without their custom fitted C.Ti. braces (Innovation Sports, Irvine, CA). Cybex testing, KT-1000 evaluation, and radiographs were collected for each subject. Statistical analysis showed that while performing cutting maneuvers, braced limbs generated significantly increased shear forces compared to the same limb unbraced. During straight line running, braced limbs generated significantly less lateral and aft shear forces compared to the same limb unbraced. Running velocity increased while wearing a brace for most athletes, but this was not statistically significant. As expected, the sound limb generated significantly greater shear forces than the unbraced involved limb during most cutting maneuvers. Athletes who did not achieve 80% of the Cybex (Cybex, Division of Lumex, Ronkonkoma, NY) quadriceps torque of the sound limb generated significantly more forces during cutting maneuvers while wearing their braces. The cutting angle, approach time to the cut, and time on the force plate showed no significant differences during brace wear. We conclude that the C.Ti brace allows significantly better running and cutting performances for athletes who have torn ACLs. Athletes who have not achieved 80% of quadricep strength as measured by Cybex testing showed even more improvement while wearing their braces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FRAGMENTS OF POSTWAR LOS ANGELES: THE BLACK DAHLIA IN FACT AND FICTION*

The gruesome murder of Elizabeth Short, a sex worker nicknamed the “Black Dahlia,” created a real-life film noir tale in postwar Los Angeles. In the unsuccessful search for her killer, the tabloid press and psychiatric “experts” indicted all forms of the open sexual expression brought on by the war as complicit. The problematic connection made at the time between the sexually dangerous woman and the corruptions of postwar Los Angeles has been reinforced in the numerous fictional retellings of the case written in the past fifteen years.
Transformed mammalian cells secrete specific proteins and phosphoproteins

We have examined the proteins secreted into the growth medium by normal and transformed cells. Transformed cell lines from several mammalian species all secrete proteins in the 58,000 dalton molecular weight range. These proteins are all immunologically related and are secreted at low levels or not at all by the parental normal cell lines. Secretion of the 58K proteins occurs with either DNA or RNA virus transformation and with spontaneous transformation. The transformed cells also secrete phosphoproteins in the same size range, but these are immunologically distinct from the 58K proteins mentioned above. The sizes of the phosphoproteins are species-specific and unrelated to the transforming virus. Incubation of conditioned media from transformed cell cultures with gamma-32P-ATP labels phosphoproteins of the same sizes, indicating the presence in the media of both protein kinase and substrate. All three properties (58K protein, phosphoprotein, in vitro phosphorylation) are closely correlated with transformation in cells transformed by temperature-sensitive viruses. The biological implications of these results remain unknown, but the results may be relevant to recent data on the (phospho)proteins and protein kinase encoded by RNA tumor viruses and the molecular basis of the transformed phenotype.
Diffraction described by virtual particle momentum exchange: the diffraction force

Particle diffraction can be described by an ensemble of particle paths determined through a Fourier analysis of a scattering lattice where the momentum exchange probabilities are defined at the location of scattering, not the point of detection. This description is compatible with optical wave theories and quantum particle models and provides deeper insights to the nature of quantum uncertainty. In this paper the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld and Fresnel-Kirchoff theories are analyzed for diffraction by a narrow slit and a straight edge to demonstrate the dependence of particle scattering on the distance of virtual particle exchange. The quantized momentum exchange is defined by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and is consistent with the formalism of QED. This exchange of momentum manifests the "diffraction force" that appears to be a universal construct as it applies to neutral and charged particles. This analysis indicates virtual particles might form an exchange channel that bridges the space of momentum exchange.
Oxidation-reduction properties of the mitochondrial flavoprotein chain☆

Abstract The adaptation of spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods for studies of terminal oxidations recently led to the discovery of a new component of the flavoprotein region of the mitochondrial respiratory chain ( Chance et al. 1967 ). The NADH-ubiquinone reductase system has flavoprotein components (FpD1 and FpD2) on both sides of the first phosphorylation site. An apparent dissimilarity was found between the fluorescence characteristics of the NADH dehydrogenase in intact mitochondria and in particles derived from mitochondria by sonic irradiation (Chance et al. 1967). In the present study the fluorescent component of FpD1 in intact mitochondria has been identified as a low potential flavoprotein located in the matrix space. Evidence is also presented of the existence of another flavoprotein before the first phosphorylation site, having a low fluorescence and a higher redox potential.
Nonuniversal power law scaling in the probability distribution of scientific citations

We develop a model for the distribution of scientific citations. The model involves a dual mechanism: in the direct mechanism, the author of a new paper finds an old paper A and cites it. In the indirect mechanism, the author of a new paper finds an old paper A only via the reference list of a newer intermediary paper B, which has previously cited A. By comparison to citation databases, we find that papers having few citations are cited mainly by the direct mechanism. Papers already having many citations (“classics”) are cited mainly by the indirect mechanism. The indirect mechanism gives a power-law tail. The “tipping point” at which a paper becomes a classic is about 25 citations for papers published in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science database in 1981, 31 for Physical Review D papers published from 1975–1994, and 37 for all publications from a list of high h-index chemists assembled in 2007. The power-law exponent is not universal. Individuals who are highly cited have a systematically smaller exponent than individuals who are less cited.
A nondensity property of preperiodic points on Chebyshev dynamical systems

Let k be a number field with algebraic closure k¯, and let S be a finite set of primes of k, containing all the infinite ones. Consider a Chebyshev dynamical system on P2. Fix the effective divisor D of P2 that is equal to a line nondegenerate on [−2,2]2. Then we will prove that the set of preperiodic points on P2(k¯) which are S-integral relative to D is not Zariski dense in P2.
Seasonal persistence of a small southern California beach fill

Abstract Torrey Pines State Beach, a site with large seasonal fluctuations in sand level, received a small shoreface beach fill (about 160,000 m3) in April 2001. The 600 m-long, flat-topped nourishment pad extended from a highway riprap revetment seaward about 60 m, terminating in a 2 m-tall vertical scarp. A 2.7 km alongshore span, centered on the nourishment region, was monitored prior to the nourishment and biweekly to monthly for the following 2 years. For the first 7 months after the nourishment, through fall 2001, significant wave heights were small, and the elevated beach fill remained in place, with little change near and above Mean Sea Level (MSL). In contrast, the shoreline accreted on nearby control beaches following a seasonal pattern common in southern California, reducing the elevation difference between the nourished and adjacent beaches. During the first winter storm (3 m significant wave height), the shoreline retreated rapidly over the entire 2.7 km survey reach, forming an alongshore-oriented sandbar in 3 to 4 m water depth [Seymour, R.J., Guza, R.T., O'Reilly, W., Elgar, S., 2004. Rapid erosion of a Southern California beach fill. Coastal Engineering 52 (2), 151–158.]. We show that the winter sandbar, most pronounced offshore of the nourishment, moved back onto the beach face during summer 2002 (following the usual seasonal pattern) and formed a wider beach above MSL at the site of the original nourishment than on the control beaches. Thus, the April 2001 shoreline nourishment was detectable until late fall 2002, persisting locally over a full seasonal cycle. In an extended 7-year time series, total sand volumes (summed between the back beach and 8 m water depth, over the entire 2.7 km reach) exhibit multi-year fluctuations of unknown origin that are twice as large as the nourishment volume.
STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO OVERLOADED BANDS INJECTED SUCCESSIVELY IN NON-LINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY

Abstract Band interaction in non-linear chromatography was studied using a delayed injection procedure which permits the easy adjustment of the degree of interference regardless of the real selectivity between the two compounds studied. This work represents an investigation of the mechanism of band interference, independent of the separation process. Special attention was given to the converse displacement effect, which corresponds to the displacement of the more strongly retained compound by the less retained one. Experimental evidence of this converse displacement is shown using two different systems. The intensity of this displacement is discussed in relationship to the concentration of the displacer and the waiting time between the two injections. Calculated band profiles, obtained with the semi-ideal model of chromatography and competitive Langmuir isotherms, are compared with experimental profiles. With one system good agreement between experiments and simulations was found whereas the other system studied showed significant deviations from the competitive Langmuir isotherm model.
Teacher Education and Teaching Behavior: Comments on the State-of-the-Research

T his paper is a summary and critique of proposals submitted to Division C, Section 2, "Teacher Behavior and Education" for consideration for the AERA 1974 Annual Meeting. The two authors, together, grouped proposals into nine topics. We then, independently, classified each into one of these topics. Where disagreements occurred, the authors negotiated a compromise. It is possible that two other persons would have produced different topic headings and paper assignments within topics.
Compact crystal accelerator-undulator based on fringing E-field super lattice

We describe compact crystal electron beam accelerator-undulator, based on the fringing electric field from the holographic superlattice, recorded in photorefractive crystal. In proposed device plain sheet electron beam is focused into plain wave-guide composed of two crystals. One crystal serves as electrostatic accelerator, another crystal contain build-in E-field superlattice. The modeling shows, that proposed structure may be efficient amplifier for a seeding laser light in THz region.
Introduction to the Innovative Behavioral IS Security and Privacy Research Minitrack

This minitrack is a venue for innovative research that rigorously addresses the risks to information system security and privacy, with a specific focus on individual behaviors within this nomological net. Domains include work related to detecting, mitigating, and preventing both internal and external human threats to organizational security. Papers may include theory development, empirical studies (both quantitative and qualitative), case studies, and other high-quality research manuscripts. This minitrack provides IS/IT researchers a collaborative forum to share their research approaches. We have attracted the skills and insights of scholars from a wide set of disciplines, presenting a mix of theoretical and applied papers on threats and mitigation.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in livers of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from San Francisco Bay, California and Gulf of Maine.

Abstract Bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors in marine mammals positioned at the top of the food chain is of toxicological concern. Livers from four pups and ten adult harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) stranded in San Francisco Bay (SFB) and the Gulf of Maine (GOM) were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). We used GC–ECD and GC–NCI/MS to investigate the presence of 28 PCBs and 8 OH-PCB metabolites, respectively. Σ28PCB concentrations (di- to octa-CBs) ranged from 1.81 to 35.9 μg/g lipid with a median of 6.53 for the seal pups and 2.31 to 249 μg/g lipid with a median of 28.9 for the adult seals. Σ8OH-PCB concentrations (penta- to hepta-OH-PCBs) ranged from 0.02 to 0.69 μg/g lipid with a median of 0.04 for the adult seals, i.e., at much lower concentrations than those for PCBs. Ratios of OH-PCBs to PCBs (0.24% on average) were comparable to those in beluga whale, but were lower than ratios in human livers. The OH-PCB profiles were slightly different between SFB and GOM seal livers, although similar PCB congener patterns were observed. Generally, 4-OH-CB107 was found predominantly in seal livers and was the only OH-PCB detectable in most of seal pup livers. This study provides information on OH-PCBs in seals, adding to the scarce exposure data for these chemicals.
Unified mixture-model based terrain estimation with Markov Random Fields

This paper proposes a Markov Random Field (MRF) representation for sensor and terrain information fusion in a 2.5D map. Unlike in the previous works, the proposed MRF formally models the sensor pose and measurement uncertainties, thus allowing the measurements to be appropriately fused with terrain information. Additionally, the MRF's graphical modelbased representation allows for an easy modification to the probabilistic dependencies among variables, permitting a more flexible and general model including terrain spatial correlations to be studied. The use of an MRF representation also makes it easier to perform factorization and inference on any variable subset of interests. Results show that the addition of a terrain MRF model not only helps reduce the estimation error, but also serves as a basis for terrain property characterization, which is useful for future terrain analyses such as traversability assessments in ground robot navigation.
The AGS Beam Loss Monitoring System

The usefulness of a beam loss monitoring system in diverse aspects of accelerator operation is documented with a variety of examples.
Vashti and the Golden legend: A pagan queen turns saint?

Hagiographic texts establish a narrative template for shame, avoidance of shame, what looks like death wish in courtly literature. Scenes of shame and its avoidance through death are adapted and folded into romance and other genres and affect how characters behave and are described and gendered. This article treats saints’ lives as literary texts and identifies the language used for female saints in the Old French and Old Occitan versions of the Legenda aurea and uses that codified language to compare the hagiographic text with a vernacular Jewish narrative: the Occitan Romans de la reina Ester , written in octosyllabic rhyming couplets by Crescas Caslari in 1327. This codification gives insight into how widespread such language and description became by the fourteenth century across language and culture barriers. Both the hagiographic texts and the romance are read as narrative, regardless of their intent for the original audiences. Acknowledging the deep-seated literary tradition of shame in a woman’s bodied existence and attempts to avoid that shame through dying, it is argued that both narratives have such substance and language in common that there may be crossover between the readers or writers of Jewish and Christian contemporary texts. This article first establishes the critical approaches to the lives of the saints and the death wish more generally. Secondly, it shows one pattern of the death wish in the French and Occitan Golden legend, that of a desire for death to avoid shame. Thirdly, it presents the language of the death wish for a female character folded into a Jewish text and how the similarities between Christian and Jewish description of such a character could imply an even more widespread sharing of saints’ lives than just among a Christian community.
An improved sputter pig source (SPIGS)

Abstract Design improvements allow extending the lifetime and increasing the Cu− output of the SPIGS source.
Heavy fermion behavior in Cu3Au-structure compounds: CePb3 and U(In,Sn)3

Abstract The recent discovery of anomalous properties associated with extremely narrow f-band character in the electronic density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi energy has stimulated considerable interest in these systems. Some particularly exciting recent discoveries have emerged from studies of the magnetic and electronic properties of cerium- and uranium-based Cu3Au intermetallic compounds which form with group IIIB and group IVB elements. It has been reported that CePb3 is a heavy fermion antiferromagnetic system with a Neel temperature of 1.1K. In addition, this system displays field-induced superconductivity for magnetic fields greater than 15 T and temperatures below 0.5K. Studies of (Ce,La)Pb3 clearly indicate that the heavy fermion behavior reported for this system is primarily a reflection of single-ion Kondo behavior. In addition, studies of U(In,Sn)3 and Ce(In,Sn)3 explicitly indicate that the heavy fermion and mixed-valent behavior reported for these systems are a result of a similar hybridization-driven mechanism. The CeX3 and UX3 systems where X is a group IIIB or group IVB element display many of the features of current interest to magnetic moment formation and allow a unique opportunity to study these phenomena systematically.
Identifying revenue opportunities via capacity analysis

Although capacity considerations are an integral part of revenue management (RM), there is relatively little literature on the subject. We discuss the dimensions of capacity and describe the capacity analysis model developed by Computer Aided Manufacturing – International (CAM-I). Capacity is not only physical, but includes personnel, processes and purchases (supply chain). We illustrate how examining why physical capacity is non-productive or idle can lead to revenue enhancement opportunities. We also illustrate how knowledge of capacity utilization can aid in revenue projection and in evaluating revenue forecasts. CAM-I capacity analysis can be a valuable RM tool.
NuMA: A nuclear protein involved in mitotic centrosome function

Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein, NuMA, is an abundant 240 kDa protein with microtubule (MT) binding capacity via its carboxyl terminal region. Structurally, it has been shown to be a double-strand coiled-coil that has a high potential to form filamentous polymers. During interphase, NuMA locates within the nucleus but rapidly redistributes to the separating centrosomes during early mitosis. Xenopus NuMA associates with MT minus end-directed motor cytoplasmic dynein and its motility-activating complex dynactin at mitotic centrosomal regions. This NuMA-motor complex binds the free ends of MTs, converging and tethering spindle MT ends to the poles. A similar scenario appears to be true in higher vertebrates as well. As a mitotic centrosomal component, NuMA is essential for the organization and stabilization of spindle poles from early mitosis until at least the onset of anaphase. The cell cycle-dependent distribution and function of NuMA is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and p34/CDC2 activity is important to the mitotic role of NuMA. This review summarizes data about the structural features and mitotic function of NuMA with particular emphasis on the newly discovered NuMA-motor complex in spindle organization. Furthermore, NuMA may represent a large group of proteins whose mitotic function is sequestered in the nucleus during interphase.
AN IODINE-123 GENERATOR/IODINATION KIT: A PRELIMINARY REPORT*

Preliminary results are described of a123Xe filled device to serve as a combination123I generator/iodination kit.123X was produced in the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP) by the reaction127I(p, 5n)123Xe. The device consists of a small glass ampoule containing an internal glass breakseal and a flanged neck on which was crimped a multi-injection type septum. The ampoule contained a hydrogen sulfide atmosphere to assure that the iodine generated from the decay of the xenon was in the form of iodide. Following an adequate period for123Xe to decay (this period can be used for shipment), a needle is forced through the septum breaking the seal and residual gases are pumped off. The123I in the form of iodide can then be rinsed from the ampoule with any desired solvent or reagent added directly to the device to carry out an iodination in an enclosed environment. Preliminary results of both iodine recovery and iodinations have been promising.