cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arthropod Modulation of Wound Healing

Abstract Wound healing is an orchestrated sequence of complex cellular and molecular interactions starting within minutes of injury and extending over weeks. Overlapping events of wound healing include platelet aggregation and coagulation pathway activation; inflammatory and innate immune responses, involving keratinocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and other cells; engagement of multiple molecular mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and complement activation; B and T lymphocytes, particularly Th2 responses; and growth factors, cytokines, and enzymes that result in fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, granulation tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. Saliva of blood-feeding arthropods modulates wound healing that is particularly important for ixodid ticks that remain attached and blood feed for days to more than a week. Vector arthropod modulation of wound healing is examined in the context of contemporary understanding of the dynamic interplay of arthropod and host cellular and molecular interactions involved in this process.
When to biomechanically examine a lower-limb amputee: A systematic review of accommodation times.

Background:Hundreds of investigations examining biomechanical outcomes of various prostheses have been completed, but one question remains unanswered: how much time should an amputee be given to ac...
Curriculum Design Principles for Using Probeware in a Project-Based Learning Setting: Learning Science in Context

While probeware has been available to educators since 1982, an extremely small number of teachers has integrated it into their curriculum. This is largely due to the fact that probe-related activities require a change in teaching style on the part of the teacher as well as learning style on the part of the student. Probe-related activities promote inquiry and require teachers and students to constantly reinvent activities based on relevant field-based contexts. While Science Learning in Context (SLiC) had the luxury of working with innovative and flexible research sites to develop classroom support materials, we also wanted to impact the larger audience of the traditional classroom. In order to do this, the software had to be easy to use.
Assessing Technology Projects Using Real Options Reasoning

OVERVIEW:Real options reasoning is a logic for funding projects that maximizes learning and access to upside opportunities while containing costs and downside risk. Although it has considerable advantages over conventional approaches, the tools for using it remain scarce. This article describes a method for assessing uncertain projects that approximates option value through scoring a series of statements. Variables are the size and sustainability of potential revenue streams, speed or delay in market adoption, development costs, commercialization and market access costs, company strengths, likely competitive responses, dependence on standards, and the degree of uncertainty. Each variable is measured by asking questions that, in turn, can be used to assess the risks confronting a proposed project and to suggest remedies, even if they demand abandoning or reconfiguring the project. A major advantage of this approach is that it integrates both technological and strategic considerations.
Improvements on the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots and the Case Studies

A recent methodology, the Direct Method (DM), is considered for the stability analysis of the linear time-invariant time-delayed systems (LTI-TDS). Its fundamental strength is in the paradigm called the “cluster treatment of th e characteristic roots” (CTCR). Salient features of the CTCR and the steps of DM are described. An interesting extension to DM is its equally effective utilization for both the retarded and neutral TDS. A well studied necessary condition for NTDS is shown to be an inherent property imbedded within the steps of the DM. Example case studies are given to show the effectiveness of the procedure.
Iterative Synthesis of Edge-Bent [3]Naphthylene

Polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) containing antiaromatic rings are of fundamental and technical interest. [N]naphthylene is an intriguing family of PCHs consisting of alternatingly fused naphthalenoids and antiaromatic cyclobutadienoids (CBDs). We recently reported the first three regioisomers of the [N]naphthylene family, synthesized by catalytic arene-norbornene annulation (CANAL) reaction followed by acidic aromatization. We now report an iterative strategy for CANAL synthesis allowing us to synthesize the forth regioisomer, edge-bent [3]naphthylene. The optoelectronic properties, local paratropicity, and crystal packing of the edge-bent [3]naphthylene were studied and compared with its closely related regioisomer, center-bent [3]naphthylene.
A Wireless Implantable Ultrasound Array Receiver for Thermoacoustic Imaging

We present the first fully wireless implantable imager for distributed long-term high-resolution imaging in the body. The imager consists of two mm-sized piezoelectric transducers (piezos) for ultrasound (US) wireless power and data communication; a capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) array; and a 65 nm CMOS IC, which includes power harvesting, a high voltage charge pump, a low-power 16-channel front-end with up to $125\ \text{dB}\Omega$ gain and 13 MHz bandwidth, a memory system to store the digitized data at 8.6 Gbps, and a 120 kbps US transmitter. The on-chip realtime calibration, averaging, and interference mitigation help achieve high sensitivity. The system is characterized through a large 6 cm depth of acoustic tissue phantom and has an average power consumption of 1.5 mW at 1 fps.
Balance as an assessment of health-related quality of life in people living with HIV

Background: Balance and cognitive decline are impairments in people living with HIV (PLWH). These impairments predispose to fall-related injuries, affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study assessed standing balance and cognition after a three-month fitness program and its relationship to HRQoL. Methods: Fifty-four PLWH participating in a community-based fitness program participated in this study. Standing balance with eyes open and eyes closed was measured with a pressure mat. Cognition was assessed using the HIV dementia scale (HDS), while the Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI) was used as a measure of HRQoL. Paired t-tests compared balance values while linear regression explored the association between balance and HDS scores with HRQoL. Results: Balance values with eyes open improved significantly (p=0.04). Linear regression showed a significant association between the three predictors and HRQoL (r = .50; p = .017). Conclusions: Standing balance and mental status play a significant role in HRQoL in PLWH.
Plate mechanical metamaterials and their applications

Recently, we introduced the concept of plate mechanical metamaterials—cellular plates with carefully controlled periodic geometry and unique mechanical properties—as well as its initial realization in the form of freestanding corrugated plates made out of an ultrathin film. We used atomic layer deposition (ALD) and microfabrication techniques to make robust plates out of a single continuous ALD layer with cm-scale lateral dimensions and thicknesses between 25 and 100 nm, creating the thinnest freestanding plates that can be picked up by hand. We also fabricated and characterized nanocardboard—plate metamaterials made from multiple layers of nanoscale thickness, whose geometry and properties are reminiscent of honeycomb sandwich plates or corrugated paper cardboard. Ultralow weight, mechanical robustness, thermal insulation, as well as chemical and thermal stability of alumina make plate metamaterials attractive for numerous applications, including structural elements in flying microrobots and interstellar light sails, high-temperature thermal insulation in energy converters, photophoretic levitation, as well as ultrathin sensors and resonators. I will briefly discuss our experimental progress on all these applications, including demonstrations of extremely robust thermal insulators that can sustain a temperature difference of ~1000 °C across a micron-scale gap, macroscopic plates that levitate when illuminated by light, and hollow AFM cantilevers that offer greatly enhanced sensitivity and data acquisition rates.
Let Us Make Men: The Twentieth-Century Black Press and a Manly Vision for Racial Advancement

On December 7, 1935 the Chicago Defender published an editorial that asked black newspaper men to see themselves as powerful agents of change for themselves and their communities. D’Weston Haywood ...
Anomalous Transport Properties in Acceptor-Type Magnetic GICs

Magnetic phase transitions have been studied in both donor and acceptor-type magnetic GICs using AC magnetic susceptibility χ and magnetization M measurements.1 However, C6Eu is the only GIC for which a magnetic phase diagram has been successfully determined using magnetoresistance (transport) measurements.2 The strong coupling between graphite layers and Eu layers in C6Eu results in strong scattering effects on the graphite conduction π-electrons by the magnetic excitations of the Eu ions. Therefore dramatic changes in the magnetoresistance of C6Eu are observed as the system undergoes magnetic phase transitions. In contrast, acceptor-type magnetic GICs have a much weaker magnetic coupling between intercalate and graphite layers because of the relatively larger spacing between the graphite and the magnetic species.3,4,5,6 Therefore the change in magnetoresistance due to changes in magnetic ordering is expected to be smaller than for the case of C6Eu. In this work we show that transport-property measurements (magnetoresistance and temperature-dependent zero-field resistivity) can yield measurable effects associated with magnetic phase transitions for the acceptor-type magnetic stage-1 and stage-2 CoC12-GICs. Thus studies on the transport properties of acceptor magnetic GICs provide a complementary way to investigate the magnetic phase diagrams.1 In addition, such measurements provide information on the π-d electron coupling constants (J π−d) and the interplane exchange coupling constants (J′).7
Latina feminist moments of recognition: Contesting the boundaries of gendered US Colombianidad in Bomba Estéreo’s “Soy yo”

Interwoven with a textual analysis of Colombian electronica band Bomba Estereo’s viral music video “Soy yo” (2016), here I offer an autoethnographic perspective on the experience of Latina feminist media identification for a US Colombiana/Latina viewer unaccustomed to encountering herself in popular media. I trace the numerous moments of what I term “Latina feminist recognition” in “Soy yo,” with an eye toward how the video, often described as an “ode to little brown girls everywhere,” implies a universality of Latina experience, yet may simultaneously be read as a uniquely Colombian diasporic text. In centering the Latina contemplative eye, I assert that the power ascribed to “Soy yo” is in significant part anchored in the Latina female gaze. This gesture ultimately offers a potent alternative paradigm for reimagining gendered US Colombianidad and Latinidad in popular media generated within the Global North as well as by the Colombian state.
Equitable and Inclusive Practices Designed to Reduce Equity Gaps in Undergraduate Chemistry Courses

The adoption of equitable and inclusive teaching strategies in the undergraduate chemistry classroom is essential if equity gaps are to be minimized. Reducing these gaps will foster a diverse talent pool of future chemists to propel creativity and innovation. To cultivate an equitable and inclusive environment, instructors must engage in ongoing critical self-reflection, focus on students’ assets rather than deficits, create a relationship with the student as an individual, use best practices for engaging a diverse student population, and affirm students’ potential as scientists. Evidence-based strategies for successfully implementing transformation in the chemistry classroom and examples used in introductory chemistry courses are provided and discussed.
Repeal Opportunity Zones

In this article, Johnson argues that Opportunity Zone incentives do the poor more harm than good because they destroy affordable housing and increase tenant rents. The opportunity zone provision allow deferral of capital gain if invested in an opportunity zone and the permanent tax exemption of development profits if the developed property is held for ten years. Opportunity The provisions increase the fair market value of real estate within the zone, but the poor are substantially all renters, not real estate owners and they are hurt not helped because they have no tenure and do not share in increased fair market value. Increased fair market value increases their rent.
Feasibility of Breast Radiation Therapy Video Education Combined With Standard Radiation Therapy Education for Patients With Breast Cancer

Objectives To determine the feasibility of incorporating a brief animated educational video shown during the radiation therapy (RT) consultation appointment for patients with breast cancer and to collect preliminary quality-of-life data. Sample & setting 20 participants with breast cancer were recruited from an outpatient radiation oncology facility in the southeastern United States. Methods & variables This single-arm, pre- and post-test feasibility study aimed to assess feasibility and preliminary outcomes of patient-reported anxiety, distress, and RT concerns. Results The video intervention demonstrated feasibility, as evidenced by meeting or exceeding benchmarks set for recruitment, retention, and feasibility measured scores. The difference in means of total patient-reported scores comparing pre- to postintervention decreased. Implications for nursing The intervention proved feasible. In addition, the decrease in total mean scores suggests the video may have a positive effect on reducing patient distress, anxiety, and RT concerns.
A non-affinity purification process for GMP production of prefusion-closed HIV-1 envelope trimers from clades A and C for clinical evaluation

Abstract Metastable glycosylated immunogens present challenges for GMP manufacturing. The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein trimer is covered by N-linked glycan comprising half its mass and requires both trimer assembly and subunit cleavage to fold into a prefusion-closed conformation. This conformation, the vaccine-desired antigenic state, is both metastable to structural rearrangement and labile to subunit dissociation. Prior reported GMP manufacturing for a soluble trimer stabilized in a near-native state by disulfide (SOS) and Ile-to-Pro (IP) mutations has employed affinity methods based on antibody 2G12, which recognizes only ~30% of circulating HIV strains. Here, we develop a scalable manufacturing process based on commercially available, non-affinity resins, and we apply the process to current GMP (cGMP) production of trimers from clades A and C, which have been found to boost cross-clade neutralizing responses in vaccine-test species. The clade A trimer, which we named “BG505 DS-SOSIP.664”, contained an engineered disulfide (201C-433C; DS) within gp120, which further stabilized this trimer in a prefusion-closed conformation resistant to CD4-induced triggering. BG505 DS-SOSIP.664 was expressed in a CHO-DG44 stable cell line and purified with initial and final tangential flow filtration steps, three commercially available resin-based chromatography steps, and two orthogonal viral clearance steps. The non-affinity purification enabled efficient scale-up, with a 250 L-scale cGMP run yielding 9.6 g of purified BG505 DS-SOSIP.664. Antigenic analysis indicated retention of a prefusion-closed conformation, including recognition by apex-directed and fusion peptide-directed antibodies. The developed manufacturing process was suitable for 50 L-scale production of a second prefusion-stabilized Env trimer vaccine candidate, ConC-FP8v2 RnS-3mut-2G-SOSIP.664, yielding 7.8 g of this consensus clade C trimer. The successful process development and purification scale-up of HIV-1 Env trimers from different clades by using commercially available materials provide experimental demonstration for cGMP manufacturing of trimeric HIV-Env vaccine immunogens, in an antigenically desired conformation, without the use of costly affinity resins.
Identification of newly formed toxic chemicals in E-cigarette aerosols with Orbitrap mass spectrometry and implications on E-cigarette control

The increasing use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is of concern due to multiple emerging adverse health effects. Most analyses of the harmful chemicals of ENDS have targeted metals or carbonyls generated by thermal decomposition of carrier liquids such as propylene glycol. However, new complex compounds not routinely identified and with unknown health consequences could be formed. ENDS aerosol samples were collected by the direct aerosol droplet deposition method. Untargeted analysis was performed using Orbitrap mass spectrometry with high mass accuracy. We identified more than 30 "features" in the aerosol characterized by pairs of the mass-to-charge ratio "m/z" of the compound and the retention time. We identified several compounds containing nicotine and propylene glycol (NIC-PG), whose abundance relative to nicotine increased along with vaping power used. On the basis of the prediction by the Environmental Protection Agency Toxicity Estimation Software Tool, these compounds exert developmental toxicity. In addition, a nitrogen-containing compound, likely tributylamine (a known lung irritant), was identified based on the molecular weight. This compound has not been previously identified in ENDS e-liquids and aerosols. ENDS produce not only small toxic compounds such as aldehydes, but also large complex toxic compounds such as NIC-PG. Predicted development toxicity for NIC-PG is concerning for fetal development in pregnant women who use ENDS, children exposed to secondhand or thirdhand ENDS aerosols, and teenage ENDS users whose brains are still developing. The strong positive association between NIC-PG levels and ENDS power output supports regulating high-powered ENDS.
Rapid spatial expansion and population increase of invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.) observed on natural habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico

The invasion of lionfish (Pterois spp.) into the Gulf of Mexico has been well documented but to date few studies have presented analysis on abundance trends to evaluate population status and trends. We used trawl and reef fish video survey data to analyze abundance trends from 2010 to 2019. The trawl and camera survey data evaluated show a rapid increase of lionfish through 2016–2017 with subsequent stabilization or decreases in 2018 and 2019. Lionfish occupied multiple natural habitats across the northern Gulf of Mexico, have a strong affinity for hard bottom habitats with sponge, but no preference relative to low versus high relief reef types. Population growth trends indicated faster population growth in trawl surveys as compared to video indices. Incidental catch of sponge in trawls, which primarily occurred in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, was a significant variable explaining lionfish catch. Interestingly, there were few lionfish captured in the western Gulf of Mexico suggesting that the low-relief soft-bottom in that region is less suitable for lionfish. Artificial habitats in the western Gulf of Mexico could be providing necessary hard-bottom habitat for lionfish, however, survey data analyzed in this study cannot provide inference as these surveys are not conducted on those habitats. Careful consideration must be taken when implementing lionfish removal programs given a potential for increased population growth when harvest does not achieve overfishing. In addition monitoring of community level effects will be needed as predation and indirect competition for resources could potentially negatively impact native species.
Nietzsche : A Philosophical Biography

No other modern philosopher has proved as influential as Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) and none is as poorly understood. In the first new biography in decades, Rudiger Safranski, one of the foremost living Nietzsche scholars, re-creates the anguished life of Nietzsche while simultaneously assessing the philosophical implications of his morality, religion, and art. Struggling to break away from the oppressive burdens of the past, Nietzsche invented a unique philosophy based on compulsive self-consciousness and constant self-revision. As groundbreaking as it will be long-lasting, this biography offers a brilliant, multifaceted portrait of a towering figure.
Die Rolle der Elektronenkonfiguration bei der elektrolytischen Abscheidung aus wäßrigen Lösungen IV. Äthylendiamin‐Komplexe des Kobalts

Die Kobaltabscheidung aus dem„inner orbital” Komplex (1) des Hexamminkobalt (III)-Ions ist mit der die Reduktion zum zweiwertigen Kobalt begleitenden Umwandlung in einen„outer orbital” Komplex verknupft. Dieser erste Schritt der Reduktion ist, wie zu erwarten, irreversibel. In Gegenwart eines grosen Uberschusses von Athylendiamin wird er jedoch reversibel. Es ist deshalb zu vermuten, das durch den Uberschus des chelatbildenden Agens das Triathylendiamin-kobalt (II)-Ion stabilisiert wird und einen inner orbital Komplex bildet. Die Beobachtung, das die Reduktion zum metallischen Kobalt immer noch moglich ist, weist jedoch darauf hin, das auch ein outer orbital Komplex des zweiwertigen Kobalts anwesend ist. Es wird eine Theorie vorgeschlagen, nach der der inner orbital Komplex in dem Mase in den outer orbital Komplex ubergeht, wie dieser durch Abscheidung verbraucht wird, dabei aber stets in so hoher Konzentration erhalten bleibt, das die Kinetik des ersten Reduktionsschrittes dadurch bestimmt ist.
On the Automatic Recovery of Style-Specific Architectural Relations in Software Systems

The cost of maintaining a software system over a long period of time far exceeds its initial development cost. Much of the maintenance cost is attributed to the time required by new developers to understand legacy systems. High-level structural information helps maintainers navigate through the numerous low-level components and relations present in the source code. Modularization tools can be used to produce subsystem decompositions from the source code but do not typically produce high-level architectural relations between the newly found subsystems. Controlling subsystem interactions is one important way in which the overall complexity of software maintenance can be reduced. We have developed a tool, called ARIS (Architecture Relation Inference System), that enables software engineers to define rules and relations for regulating subsystem interactions. These rules and relations are called i>Interconnection Styles and are defined using a visual notation. The style definition is used by our tool to infer subsystem-level relations in designs being reverse engineered from source code. In this paper we describe our tool and its underlying techniques and algorithms. Using a case study, we describe how ARIS is used to reverse engineer high-level structural information from a real application.
MESON MULTIPLICITY IN HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS.

The Poisson distribution for meson multiplicity is modified to take into account the geometric factor describing the overlapping volume of two particles in collision. Various models are tested with the following high-energy data: 16 and 25 GeV/c π-p experiments by the Aachen-Berlin-Bonn-CERN-Cracow-Hamburg-Warsaw collaboration and the Wisconsin group, respectively, and 28.5 GeV/c p-p experiment by Berkeley. The modified Poisson distribution gives a better fit than the currently used Poisson distribution. Consistent tests do not justify the validity of Wang’s conjecture that two mesons of opposite charge are emitted as a pair to conserve the electric charge. A discussion is presented on K-meson production by π-p collision of Wisconsin data and π production in\(\bar p - p\) annihilation of Bonn-Hamburg-Milan and Yale experiments.
Role of Clostridium difficile in a case of nonantibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

Abstract A 57-yr-old woman with chronic diarrhea, mild azotemia, and red cell casts in her urine was found to have pseudomembranous colitis. She had not received antimicrobial agents for at least 2 yr. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was found on kidney biopsy, and her renal function improved spontaneously. Pseudomembranous colitis was diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. Her stool contained a cytopathic toxin that was neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin, and Clostridium difficile was cultured on selective media. This case indicates that C. difficile may be a cause of nonantibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis, as well as antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
The Women's Squad in Ukraine's protests: Feminism, nationalism, and militarism on the Maidan

Although women and men participated in nearly equal numbers in Ukraine's 2013–14 Maidan protests, women were excluded from some of the more dangerous activities and their contributions went largely unrecognized. I examine women's modes of participation in and their exclusion from the Maidan and the creative responses of feminists to this exclusion, including creation of so-called Women's Squads. The protests generated important feminist initiatives and discussions about women's roles in Ukraine's past and future, which were partially couched in discourses of nationalism and militarism. Examining debates about women's roles during and after the protests suggests that the Maidan provided Ukraine's feminists with opportunities to articulate divergent yet reconcilable perspectives on women's activism, social change, and national sovereignty. Their creative responses to the challenges of the protests have potentially paved the way for broadening the base of Ukrainian feminism, introducing women's rights principles to segments of the population previously reluctant to embrace feminism.
The use of focal knee joint cryotherapy to improve functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty: review article

The purpose of this study was to review and synthesize available evidence on the effect of focal knee joint cryotherapy on quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition and to discuss the implications of the findings regarding the use of this modality for patients after a total knee arthroplasty. An electronic literature search that targeted peer reviewed journals was completed by using the PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and OvidSP databases. An article was included when it was determined that the article was relevant to the topic of focal knee joint cryotherapy and its effect on quadriceps muscle function. There were 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of the reviewed studies, effect sizes for quadriceps activation ranged from very small to large. Five of the 6 studies observed medium to large effects. Effect sizes for quadriceps torque and force production ranged from no effect to a large effect. Two of the 5 studies with outcome measurements related to quadriceps torque or force production observed medium and large effects. Analysis of this evidence suggests that focal joint cooling of the knee shows the potential to improve quadriceps activation as well as quadriceps torque and force production in patients with arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition of the quadriceps is an impairment commonly observed in patients after a total knee arthroplasty. Analysis of the evidence uncovered in this review suggests that this patient population may be positively impacted by the use of this modality to improve quadriceps activation as well as quadriceps torque and force production.
On Test Homogeneity and Maximum KR-20

In this article, a necessary and sufficient condition for a perfectly homogeneous test in the sense of Loevinger is stated and proved. Using this result, a formula for computing the maximum possible KR-20 when the test variance is assumed fixed is presented. A new index of test homogeneity is also presented and discussed.
Charge density measurement of electret filters using alpha-ray ionizing radiation

Abstract A new method to measure the effective charge density responsible for the enhanced particle capture of electret filters is reported. The experimental method relies on the use of ionizing radiation from a Po210 radioactive source combined with measurements of the penetration of particles of known size and charge through the electret filter. The estimated charge density is a function of the ion generation rate, the discharge time and of the filter media mean fiber diameter and packing fraction. Three types of commercially available electret filter media were tested (i.e. A; split-fiber, B; mixed-fiber and C; meltblown media). The total mean charge densities estimated for filters type A, B, and C were 2.76×10−3, 9.76×10−4, and 2.58×10−5 C/m2 respectively. The ranking of the charge levels was consistent with the efficiencies measured for each type of filter (i.e. higher charge density resulted in higher filter efficiency). The estimated charge density of the split-fiber electret media compared well with values reported by other researchers for the same type of electret media. The proposed method shows good promise but needs to be optimized for improved accuracy in the determination of the total discharge time.
Deflection of barium atoms by a standing-wave light field

Abstract Experimental results are reported for the deflection of barium atoms from a collimated atomic beam (divergence⩽0.35 mrad) at nonorthogonal incidence to a standing-wave laser field. A deflection along the axis of the standing-wave laser cavity was observed, which is proportional to the average velocity-dependent light pressure force projected along the propagating direction of the laser light field. These results demonstrate that cooling and heating of atoms along the propagating direction of laser field depend not only on frequency detuning from resonance but also on the initial velocity in the direction of the laser light field.
The purloined prisoner

This article argues, in the form of demonstration, for the necessity of disciplinary openness in punishment and society scholarship. Theories about the political culture of punishment and sentiment...
Measurement of P , V , T , and sound velocity across the melting curve of n - H 2 and n - D 2 to 19 kbar

We used a piston-cylinder apparatus for simultaneous measurement of $P$, $V$, $T$, and longitudinal sound velocity ${v}_{l}$ across the melting line of $n$-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and $n$-${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ at pressures from about 4 to 19 kbar. An equation of the modified Simon type was found to fit the melting-line data satisfactorily. We measured the volume and sound-velocity changes at melting and used these data to infer the Debye temperature, transverse sound velocity, Poisson ratio, compressibility, and entropy in the solid phases. Comparisons with recent theoretical calculations and low-pressure measurements show generally good agreement.
Prominent, constricted ears with malformed condyle of the mandible

We report on several relatives in 5 generations of one family with prominence of the ears, with a marked constriction at the junction between the lower and middle thirds of the pinna. Computerized tomography and radiographs in the propositus and his affected father showed abnormalities of the condyle of the mandible. The propositus had more severe changes in the condyle with microstomia and reduced range of motion of the mandible in the temporomandibular joint. There was no hearing loss or abnormalities of the bones of the middle ear.
Analysis of B2B e-marketplaces: an operations perspective

The phenomenon of business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplaces has triggered a lot of interest among researchers in recent years. Most of these studies focus on price competition or cost reduction. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of e-marketplaces on the participants’ supply chain operations, including inventory management and order fulfillment. This study aims to fill such a gap. Employing agent-based simulations, we find that supply network agents tend to keep more inventories and backlog/lose fewer orders in the e-marketplace than in traditional supply chains. And this effect is profounder for the upstream agents, i.e., distributors and manufacturers than for downstream agents, i.e., retailers. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Eureka: Insights into human energy and weight regulation from simple - bathtub-like - models

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2012070105
Urban environmental performance in China: a sustainability divide?

This paper explores a sustainability divide in urban environmental protection in China with its 72 Model Cities, 113 key cities, and 43 most polluted cities. It investigates factors that help understand such a divide, the applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), and policies for sustainable urban development. Geographic information systems (GIS) and statistical analyses used data derived from documents, statistical records, publications, on-site inspections and field research. The key cities were divided into seven groups based on eight environmental indicators. The research found a sustainability gap between eastern and western cities, or between Model Cities and other key cities. Oddly, environmental spending was not found to be an explanation. The paper argues that sustainability studies needs to move beyond the EKC to consider the role of nature. Chinese policy makers should not use the Model Cities to support the ‘grow first and clean up later’ approach. Instead they should promote sustainability in all parts of China. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Reevaluation of the Absorption of Carbenoxolone Using an In Situ Rat Intestinal Technique

The absorption of the model drug carbenoxolone was reevaluated using an in situ rat intestinal perfusion technique in which disappearance from the intestinal lumen, binding to the perfused jejunal segment, and appearance in the mesenteric (jejunal) vein were measured. The effect of the degree of ionization on these processes was examined by employing perfusion solutions of pH 4.0, 4.4, 5.0, and 6.5. Tissue binding was observed to be independent of pH. There was a rank-order correlation of the transfer rate of carbenoxolone with the degree of ionization which indicated that carbenoxolone was absorbed faster in its ionized form. This observation is in direct opposition to the pH-partition hypothesis, a finding which appears to support the previous work of Bridges et al. Ion-pairing of carbenoxolone with sodium ion present in the pH 6.5 buffer is one possible explanation for the unusually high transfer rate seen at this pH. A more likely explanation is that at the low pH values, some carbenoxolone precipitated out of solution during the perfusion experiments, thereby reducing the driving force for diffusion across the intestinal wall.
Comparison of a new sulfate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution versus a standard solution for colonoscopy cleansing

A new sulfate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (SF-ELS) for colonoscopy was formulated to taste better and have less net water and electrolyte secretion and absorption than a standard polyethylene glycolelectrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS). At two centers, 157 patients were prospectively randomized to receive SF-ELS or PEG-ELS to assess adequacy of preparation, patient tolerance, weight changes, and various hematologic and biochemical parameters. Physician assessment of colon cleansing showed no difference between those patients receiving SF-ELS (N = 74) or PEG-ELS (N = 78). Eighty-two percent of all preps were found to be "clinically acceptable." Subjects receiving SF-ELS had significantly less fullness and cramps, while PEG-ELS subjects reported less nausea. There was no difference between groups for vomiting, overall discomfort, or willingness to repeat the preparation received. Eighty percent of all patients would repeat the randomized cleansing methods. There were no clinically significant changes in weight or assessed laboratory parameters, with the exception of potassium where PEG-ELS patients had an mean decrease of 0.22 mEq/liter vs. 0.01 mEq/liter for SF-ELS (p less than or equal to 0.01). Patient taste questionnaires in those patients expressing a preference showed a preference for SF-ELS (76.6%) over PEG-ELS (23.4%) (p less than or equal to 0.001). Thirty-two (22.5%) of total respondents indicated no preference. We conclude that SF-ELS when compared with PEG-ELS is similarly a safe and effective method of colon cleansing for colonoscopy that is well tolerated. Patients prefer the taste of the new solution.
A modular introductory computer science course

The structure of a modular introductory course in Computer Science is described. Two types of modules are offered, lecture and language, over three time periods. Students enrolled for the course complete three lecture and three language modules. Each student chooses modules which match his or her interests and background. In this way the course provides a useful alternative for all students on campus.
Water-Vapor-Induced n-Type Surface Conductivity on p-Type Germanium

By utilizing a direct reading instrument it is possible to measure the $n$-type surface conductance of the $p$-type germanium in an $n\ensuremath{-}p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction transistor as a function of relative humidity, ambient gas, and surface treatment. The results of these measurements indicate that the leakage conductance from the emitter to the collector may be predicted on the basis of a constant electron density at the surface which is independent of the applied bias but a critical function of the oxidation of the surface and the adsorbed gas. This conductance exhibits a transient character upon change in applied bias which may be correlated with similar transients in the conductance of a thin germanium crystal upon application of an external applied field. This comparison establishes that the inversion layer is caused by ionization of surface impurities rather than migration of ions along the surface. From the results of the experiments it is postulated that the density and type of carrier at the surface of an etched germanium crystal are a function of the surface treatment and gaseous ambient rather than the acceptor and donor density of the bulk germanium.
Daily Isoflurane Exposure Increases Barbiturate Insensitivity in Medullary Respiratory and Cortical Neurons via Expression of ε-Subunit Containing GABA ARs

The parameters governing GABAA receptor subtype expression patterns are not well understood, although significant shifts in subunit expression may support key physiological events. For example, the respiratory control network in pregnant rats becomes relatively insensitive to barbiturates due to increased expression of e-subunit-containing GABAARs in the ventral respiratory column. We hypothesized that this plasticity may be a compensatory response to a chronic increase in inhibitory tone caused by increased central neurosteroid levels. Thus, we tested whether increased inhibitory tone was sufficient to induce e-subunit upregulation on respiratory and cortical neurons in adult rats. Chronic intermittent increases in inhibitory tone in male and female rats was induced via daily 5-min exposures to 3% isoflurane. After 7d of treatment, phrenic burst frequency was less sensitive to barbiturate in isoflurane-treated male and female rats in vivo. Neurons in the ventral respiratory group and cortex were less sensitive to pentobarbital in vitro following 7d and 30d of intermittent isoflurane-exposure in both male and female rats. The pentobarbital insensitivity in 7d isoflurane-treated rats was reversible after another 7d. We hypothesize that increased inhibitory tone in the respiratory control network and cortex causes a compensatory increase in e-subunit-containing GABAARs.
Beyond ‘write-talk-revise-(repeat)’: Using narrative to understand one multilingual student's interactions around writing

Abstract This paper offers a narrative framework for understanding how multilingual graduate students make sense of the continuous and frequently contradictory talk they engage in as they write. It illustrates how attention to the telling, form, and content of the stories such students relate about their ongoing interactions around academic writing can reveal aspects of the relationship between speaking and composing/revising that are not foregrounded in other approaches to data collection and analysis. Advocating movement beyond a ‘write-talk-revise-(repeat)’ model of L2 writing, the paper draws on Ochs and Capps’ (2001) multidimensional approach, adapting its use to a multilingual context. It then exemplifies how this modified model can be used by analyzing the stories told by one Taiwanese student in a U.S. university about her interactions with teachers, tutors, and peers. Analysis demonstrates how, through the act of storytelling, this student attempts to work through her model of what counts as “good” writing in her English language academic discourse community and to develop a sense of who she is as a multilingual writer. The paper ends with discussion of how a narrative approach provokes several shifts in perspective that serve to complement and extend existing work in the field.
Scintigraphic biomarkers for colonic dysmotility.

Scintigraphic colonic transit measurement has emerged as a unique disease-related biomarker pertinent to drug development and personalized therapy. This surrogate offers reproducible and accurate performance across a spectrum of common colonic motility disorders, linking colonic transit measurements to biological processes and clinical end points. The pathobiologic validity, prognostic utility, performance characteristics, evidence-based linkage of therapeutic intervention with outcome, applicability across distinct pharmacodynamic profiles, and potential for individualizing patient management are all attributes of this gastrointestinal imaging paradigm. The cumulative evidence suggests that the integration of colonic transit measurement as a biomarker would accelerate the development and regulatory approval of therapeutic agents for the treatment of colonic dysmotility. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010) 87 6, 748–753. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.23
Biological Origin of Manganese-rich Deposits of the Sea Floor

RECENTLY, one of us has advanced arguments1 in support of the idea that manganese-rich deposits of the sea floor may result from the metabolic activity of a bottom-dwelling organism that derives its nutrients from organic complexes in the water. We present here some new evidence that is relevant to that concept.
Expansions of density functionals in terms of homogeneous functionals:Justification and nonlocal representation of the kinetic energy, exchange energy,and classical Coulomb repulsion energy for atoms

For atoms or molecules, a general argument is given justifying expanding well behaved density functionals in series of functionals that are homogeneous to different degrees with respect to density scaling. Employing only appropriate local homogeneous functionals 〈${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}^{\mathrm{k}}$〉, few-term fits of atomic Hartree-Fock T[\ensuremath{\rho}],${\mathrm{nE}}_{\mathrm{x}}$[\ensuremath{\rho}], and J[\ensuremath{\rho}] (kinetic energy, exchange energy, and classical Coulomb repulsion energy density functionals) are shown to give excellent results, as do self-consistent calculations on atoms using this ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{x}}$[\ensuremath{\rho}] plus an earlier obtained representation of ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{c}}$[\ensuremath{\rho}]. The representations may be local (as the one for ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{c}}$) or nonlocal, where nonlocal products of two or more 〈${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}^{\mathrm{k}}$〉 can be included.
Care of Chronic Liver Disease

Regardless of etiology, chronic liver disease generally involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. At an early stage, most patients are asymptomatic and can easily go undiagnosed and untreated. Primary care physicians can often make the diagnosis but may offer little treatment. Better understanding about treatment is the key for primary care providers to provide better care for this group of patients. This review focuses on the treatment of the most common causes of chronic liver disease, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hemochromatosis.
Molecular diagnostics in the cytology laboratory: slowly making its way there

Abstract Molecular diagnostics have improved our understanding of the complexity of cancer biology. Yet, for all these advances, the current contribution of molecular techniques to everyday cytology practice is limited. The use of techniques such as in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in clinical practice is limited by the available applications and the specificity of gene primers. These molecular techniques also appear to be relatively expensive compared to the usual costs of conventional cytology, the majority of which are accounted for by staff interpretation rather than the reagents for staining the cells. However, there are a number of applications where molecular techniques may find a role in routine diagnostic cytology because the molecular probes can detect very specific genetic aberrations in the cytological material, e.g. the TMPRSS2–ETS fusion found in prostate cancer can be detected in prostatic cells that have been shed into the urine. Further testing of such methods is required before they are introduced into the diagnostic environment.
Effect of autonomic drugs on Ca-induced contractures of the frog's ventricle.

Kontrakturen des Froschventrikels in Ringerlosung mit hoher Ca-Konzentration werden durch Azetylcholin verstarkt, wahrend Adrenalin Erschlaffung herbeifuhrt. Diese Wirkungen sind nicht mit Anderungen des Membranpotentials verbunden und sind vielleicht die Folge sehr kleiner Anderungen des Ca-Austausches. Bei niederer Ca-Konzentration kann Azetylcholin auch Erschlaffung erzeugen.
Comparison of the abilities of synthetic and platelet-derived membranes to enhance thrombin formation.

Abstract The relative abilities of platelet-derived membranes and synthetic phospholipid vesicles to enhance the prothrombinase-catalyzed conversion of prothrombin to thrombin have been determined. For each type of membrane, the maximum amount of thrombin formed as a function of amount of available lipid was measured using a chromogenic substrate assay. The lipid concentration at which the amount of thrombin formed began to exceed that formed in the absence of lipid (critical phospholipid concentration) was used to compare the surfaces′ abilities to support thrombin formation. For platelet derived membranes and for equimolar, charged-lipid/phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, the critical concentrations increased in the following order: platelet-derived membranes ≅ phosphatidylserine (PS) ≅ phosphatidic acid (PA) « monomethyl PA and monoethyl PA « phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. For mixed anionic/ neutral lipid vesicles above their phase transitions, measured critical concentrations were relatively insensitive to changes in lipid acyl chains, the neutral lipid component, and membrane curvature but were sensitive to changes in the anionic lipid content of the mixtures. Comparison of these data suggested that equimolar PS PC and PA PC vesicles can emulate reasonably well the thrombin-generating ability of platelet-derived membranes.
The band-structure of a one-dimensional, periodic system in a scaling limit

Abstract The band-structure of one-dimensional Schrodinger operators is calculated when there are (a) high potential barriers (or deep wells), or (b) a wide lattice-spacing (i.e., the distance between minima of the potential). Explicit power-series formulae and error estimates are rigorously proved. The procedure used, a rigorous semi-classical method, is actually convergent for nonzero scaling parameters. Some general facts about the spectra are also discussed.