cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Obstacles to Deficit Irrigation: Colorado Case Study

AbstractDeficit irrigation, or the deliberate underirrigation of a crop, is a way to save farm water and allocate it to uses such as municipal, industrial, or agricultural expansion. Research on th...
Optimization-Based Actuator and Communication Scheduling in Networked Distributed Processes with Communication Delays

This work addresses the problem of control actuator and communication scheduling in spatially-distributed processes with discrete and delayed sensor-controller communication over a resource-constrained network. We focus on systems modeled by uncertain highly-dissipative Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) with low-order dominant dynamics. A finite-dimensional model-based controller with an embedded propagation unit that compensates for the communication delay is initially designed and the feasible ranges of control actuator locations and sensor-controller communication rates are explicitly characterized in terms of the communication delay. This characterization is used to formulate and solve a receding-horizon model-based optimization problem, subject to delay-dependent stability constraints, which yields the optimal control actuator and sensor-controller communication schedules that optimize the closed-loop performance and network resource utilization simultaneously. The developed methodology is illustrated through an application to a simulated diffusion-reaction process.
ARCS motivation model application in a pharmacy elective.

Abstract Background Motivation is changeable but unpredictable. However, it is felt that many times, the instructor or instructional designer has no control over the ability to change it. John Keller developed the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) model of motivation to try and solve these problems. Educational activity This class application of the ARCS model uses students who took an elective in summer 2018. Ten students in the first quarter of the second professional year elected to take this course. ARCS motivational instructional and assessment techniques were used to improve the first lecture in the class to help motivate students to want to participate and do well in the course. Critical analysis of educational activity This class application demonstrated that the ARCS model learning and assessment strategies could be successful in a pharmacy elective course to improve and maintain motivation. The learning goals assignment and the CIS helped to show that despite the students already being motivated to take the course, motivation could be improved and maintained. Achievement of this motivation occurred through the development of the student's own learning goals and instructor adjustment of course content to ensure goal attainment during the course. Results in this elective course are like those found in other literature. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the effects of this model in other classes, in different non-academic settings, effects on student achievement and need to use more objective measures.
The impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with palliative chemotherapy: a single-institution retrospective review.

The goal of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is palliation of symptoms while minimizing treatment-related toxicities. It remains unclear whether use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to maintain relative dose intensity of chemotherapy for MBC is associated with improved clinical outcomes. The medical records of MBC patients treated with chemotherapy in 1st–3rd-line settings between May 2010 and April 2014 were reviewed. Time to progression (TTP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients who received G-CSF and those who did not. Antibiotic use, total clinic visits, and pre- and post-treatment Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status were also compared between the groups. Of the 169 patients included, 55 (32.5%) received > 1 G-CSF dose and 114 (67.5%) did not receive any G-CSF. The median TTP was similar between the two groups (5.0 months (95% CI 3.4–7.1) vs. 5.2 months (95% CI 4.8–6.2) respectively; p = 0.998). The median PFS (p = 0.955; 5.0 months (95% CI 3.4–5.9) vs. 5.2 months (95% CI 4.7–6.0), respectively) and OS (14.6 (95% CI 9.0–26.6) vs. 18.5 months (95% CI 15.2–22.0) in G-CSF and non-G-CSF groups, respectively; p = 0.628) were also similar between groups. No significant between-group differences were noted in rate of decline in ECOG performance status, antibiotic use, and number of clinic visits and hospitalizations. This retrospective analysis did not find any evidence that the use of G-CSF to maintain chemotherapy dose intensity for the treatment of MBC improves TTP, PFS, and OS or results in improved ECOG performance status compared with lack of G-CSF use in patients with MBC treated in 1st to 3rd-line settings.
Temporary Migrant Workers or Immigrants? The Question for U.S. Labor Migration

Employment-based U.S. immigrant and nonimmigrant work visa data from 1987 to 2017 show that the number of permanent immigrant work visas has remained relatively constant over time but that the number of temporary work visas has increased sharply. That is, the labor migration system has shifted from one in which permanent immigrant workers annually made up approximately 20 percent of new migrant workers to one in which they make up less than 10 percent. Major legislative reforms do not explain the change; this article examines available government data showing how the labor migration system involves mostly nonimmigrant, temporary migrant workers who have few options to remain permanently in the United States and raises questions about the implications for the future legal landscape of immigration.
Stresses in the metastatic cascade: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Metastasis is the ultimate "survival of the fittest" test for cancer cells, as only a small fraction of disseminated tumor cells can overcome the numerous hurdles they encounter during the transition from the site of origin to a distinctly different distant organ in the face of immune and therapeutic attacks and various other stresses. During cancer progression, tumor cells develop a variety of mechanisms to cope with the stresses they encounter, and acquire the ability to form metastases. Restraining these stress-releasing pathways could serve as potentially effective strategies to prevent or reduce metastasis and improve the survival of cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic, microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. We also summarize the preclinical and clinical studies that evaluate the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting these stress-relieving pathways.
Are the Costs of Employer-Provided Health Insurance Passed on to Workers at the Individual Level?

This paper uses the Affordable Care Act’s employer mandate to examine how the cost of employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) is shared among workers with varying medical expenditures at the individual level. The mandate provides identification because ESI is experience rated. To minimize costs, employers should prefer workers with lower medical expenditures unless wages are free to adjust to compensate the employer for the cost of providing ESI. Estimates, based upon data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), suggest between $0.37 and $0.52 of each $1 difference in medical expenditures is passed on to workers at the individual level. Robustness checks show the effects are isolated to workers at employers who are affected by the employer mandate and cannot be explained by demographic characteristics which correlate with medical expenditures.
Scaling SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Concentrations to Population Estimates of Infection

Abstract Monitoring the progression of SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks requires accurate estimates of infection rates. Estimation methods based on observed cases are biased due to changes in testing over time. Here we report an approach based upon scaling daily concentrations of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in wastewater to infections that produces representative estimates due to the consistent population contribution of fecal material to the sewage collection system.
International faculty job satisfaction and engagement: a study of a midwestern university in the USA

This paper investigates perceptual differences between international faculty and their US-born counterparts in job satisfaction, engagement with peers and administrators in teaching, research, and ...
One-session bilateral sequential whole lung lavage (OSBSWLL) for the management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Background Whole Lung Lavage (WLL) has been an important part in the management of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) since it improves radiologic and clinical parameters. Bilateral WLL is usually performed in two sessions on different days. Few case reports have described one-session bilateral sequential lung lavage (OSBSWLL), and none have described ambulatory management (same-day discharge). Methods Demographic characteristics, physiologic parameters, procedure details and outcomes were retrospectively collected on consecutive patients who underwent OSBSWLL for PAP following an ambulatory protocol stablished in our institution. Results A total of 13 patients underwent 30 OSBSWLL (61.5% male; mean age 40). The mean SpO2 was 90% (IQR 9) and 94% (IQR 6), before and after OSBSWLL respectively. In 63.3% of cases, patients were discharged home the same day of procedure. Only in two cases (6.6%), patients required post-procedure prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 4 h) due to persistent hypoxia. Conclusions OSBSWLL can be performed with same-day discharge.
Probing the Earth's strength: Can we measure small stress at high pressure?

Simulating the conditions and processes that occur in the Earth's deep interior has been a major goal of experimental geophysics since the 1920s. In particular, pioneers such as P. W. Bridgman, David Griggs, Hugh Heard, Mervyn Paterson, William Brace, and their colleagues sought to establish the basic relations between differential stresses and rock and mineral deformation under pressure-temperature conditions that favor such inelastic processes as brittle fracture, frictional sliding, plastic deformation, and dynamic metamorphism. This work has been applied to diverse problems in the Earth sciences, including the physical nature of earth quake sources, the forces that drive and resist plate movement, deformation under partial-melting conditions at the tops of mantle plumes, the flexure of the lithosphere, post-glacial rebound, and the origin of the preferred orientation of minerals and the resultant seismic anisotropy and metamorphic textures.
Brief Report: Risk of Adverse Fetal Outcomes Associated With Immunosuppressive Medications for Chronic Immune‐Mediated Diseases in Pregnancy

Objective To assess the risk of adverse fetal outcomes following exposure to individual immunosuppressive drugs in pregnant women with chronic immune-mediated diseases. Methods Health plan data were obtained from the Tennessee Medicaid and Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Southern California claims databases, with linkage to both vital records and medical records. Women with inflammatory arthropathies, those with systemic lupus erythematosus, and those with inflammatory bowel disease who filled prescriptions for immunosuppressive treatments during pregnancy were included. Major congenital malformations, fetal deaths, and life-threatening neonatal complications were identified from the electronic data and validated with medical record review. Results The cohort included 608 infants, including 437 with exposure to immunosuppressive drugs during the mother's pregnancy (402 during the first trimester, and 35 during the second and third trimester only) and 171 whose mothers filled prescriptions for immunosuppressive treatments before, but not during, pregnancy. There were 25 pregnancies (4.1% of the cohort) with confirmed major congenital malformations, and 10 fetal deaths (1.6% of the cohort). Among 113 preterm infants with exposures during pregnancy, 23 (20.4%) had life-threatening neonatal complications, and among 485 term infants, 10 (2.1%) had life-threatening complications. Compared to the reference group (treatment before, but not during, pregnancy), the risk ratios (RRs) for adverse fetal outcomes associated with immunosuppressive treatments (by exposure category) during pregnancy included the following: methotrexate (RR 1.39, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.43–4.53), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.38–2.55), hydroxychloroquine (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.69–2.55), and other immunosuppressive medications (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.48–1.98). Conclusion In this study, there was no evidence of a large increase in risk of adverse fetal outcomes from first-trimester exposure to immunosuppressive medications, although the confidence intervals for the risk ratios were wide. Further studies will be needed as use of these medications increases over time.
A static technique for high-speed CMOS state machine design

This paper presents a technique for designing CMOS high-speed state machines with a clock frequency ranging from DC to greater than 130 MHz in 1.2-/spl mu/m technology. This technique applies weak feedback to known high-speed dynamic circuits to achieve both static and high-speed capability. Two-phase nonoverlapping clocking is used to eliminate any possible races. Propagation delays of critical paths are minimized by performing their logic functions within the master stage of the flip-flops. >
Investigating the Potential of Guided Practice With an Enactment Tool for Supporting Adaptive Performance

Recently, attention has focused on identifying core instructional practices that could leverage novice teachers’ development of professional knowledge and skill. To help novices learn to implement these practices, there is also increasing interest in developing enactment tools that could translate abstract conceptual tasks into more concrete steps. Less attention, however, has been paid to understanding how novices might learn to use these tools adaptively in the context of practice. We address this issue by integrating a set of theoretical considerations that together serve as a model for investigating how novices could learn within a community of practice to use a specified elicitation sequence adaptively, guided by more experienced members in that community. In our results, we provide thematic categories for the problems that arose as novices used the sequence of questions and demonstrate how these problems afforded the teacher educator opportunities to connect novices’ work to a set of professional co...
Modification of Mammalian Sexual Cycles IV. Delay of Oestrus and Induction of Anoestrus in Female Ferrets by Reduction of Intensity and Duration of Daily Light Periods in the Normal Oestrous Season

1. Cases are given in which female ferrets, already coming into, or in, oestrus as the result of artificially increased lighting in winter and spring, underwent regression or were retarded in their activation by reduction of either intensity or duration of daily illumination. 2. In some cases activation was resumed when light time or intensity was increased again. 3. These results are taken to indicate that, in female ferrets, any inherent rhythm or cycle of sexual activity is modified either naturally or artificially by changes of the cycles of duration and intensity of the light to which they are exposed daily, and so made to correspond in phases with the seasons, or changed therefrom. The rising daily illumination in spring and the falling one in late summer and autumn probably accelerate and retard the sexual activity of the female ferret, or accelerate the onset of anoestrus in late summer and autumn. 4. The data on modification of sexual cycles or activity in ferrets, so far obtained, are consistent with these conclusions.
Sleep in patients with Chiari-I malformations

Our objective was to better define sleep in patients with Chiari-I malformations (CIM). Sixteen female CIM patients and 34 healthy female controls underwent sagittal-axial T1 and T2 brain magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Berlin Questionnaire, modified Johns Hopkins telephone restless legs syndrome (RLS) diagnostic interview, and individual questions on sleep latency and duration. Compared to controls, CIM patients were sleepier, had more insomnia and longer sleep latencies, shorter total sleep times, more RLS, and had greater risk of sleep-disordered breathing (all itP < 0.05). These findings support an association between CIM neuropathology and impaired sleep respiration, regulation, and increased RLS.
Recapitulation and Reversal of a Persistent Depression‐like Syndrome in Rodents

Alterations in multiple biological functions, such as transcription factor activity, are implicated in the neurobiology of depression, based primarily on the characterization of antidepressant efficacy in naive rodents rather than on models that capture the protracted feelings of anhedonia and helplessness that typify depression. This unit presents rat and mouse models of depression that involve chronic oral exposure to the stress-associated adrenal hormone, corticosterone (CORT), resulting in anhedonic- and helplessness-like behaviors that are persistent yet reversible by chronic antidepressant treatment. Prior CORT exposure also chronically influences molecular targets hypothesized to contribute to negative mood. One example is phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Prior chronic CORT exposure provides an alternative method to chronic mild stress models of depression that is easily replicable and persists well beyond the CORT exposure period, thereby modeling the persistent depressive-like state in humans.
Toxic Potential of Dietary Genistein Isoflavone and β-Lapachone on Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction of Epididymal Spermatozoa

We determined if acrosomal reaction was influenced by exposure of sperm cells to two dietary phytochemicals, genistein isoflavone and β-lapachone, using the rat model. Spermatozoa were capacitated ...
Critical Design Ethnography: Designing for Change

This article describes critical design ethnography, an ethnographic process involving participatory design work aimed at transforming a local context while producing an instructional design that can be used in multiple contexts. Here, we reflect on the opportunities and challenges that emerged as we built local critiques then reified them into a designed artifact that has been implemented in classrooms all over the world. [critical ethnography, participatory design, action research, instructional design]
Application of the content expert process to develop a clinically useful low-literacy Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Management Knowledge Tool (CKD-SMKT).

Abstract Background Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have tremendous impacts on health care expenditures. Several CKD knowledge-related instruments are available; however, most tools include content focusing on measuring pre-dialysis or dialysis options of patients with CKD and kidney transplant recipients. Objective To develop a clinically useful, low-literacy Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Management Knowledge Tool (CKD-SMKT) with the guidance of a panel of content experts. Methods Initially, the authors generated a list of potential items to include in the CKD-SMKT. Sixteen content experts reviewed two drafts of the CKD-SMKT and provided qualitative and quantitative assessments. The Lexile ® Framework for Reading was used to assess reading grade level of the CKD-SMKT. Results Eleven items were rated as "essential" (content validity ratio > 0.49, P Conclusion The CKD-SMKT is a content valid instrument designed to assess kidney disease patients' knowledge of various key self-management behaviors, which upon subsequent field testing will be suitable for use in the clinic setting. Its conciseness and suitability for administration to all kidney disease patients, including those with low literacy makes it an attractive tool for the busy clinician.
On satisfying due-dates in large job shops: idle time insertion

We consider the problem of minimizing maximum lateness in a job shop. A conceptually simple simulation based procedure described in a recent paper by Hodgson et al. [1] is modified to provide improved schedules. Computational experimentation is provided to identify the conditions under which the approach is most viable, and to report the procedure's performance on known test problems.
Don’t hang your coat here

Report 2 cases of coat hanger floor of mouth injuries in children. We describe 2 cases of children who presented with coat hanger impalement injuries of the floor of mouth and their management. Removal under anesthesia is safe with a period of observation postoperatively. Impalement injury with coat hangers in the head and neck is a rarely encountered or described mechanism of trauma. We report the first case series of coat hanger impalement injuries in the floor of mouth in two children. Plain film radiographs may be useful to determine the depth of injury and trajectory of the foreign body. Careful removal under anesthesia is safe. Little if any floor of mouth edema was encountered postoperatively, but close observation for potential critical floor of mouth hematoma or edema should be considered.
Minority-White Differences on a Police Aptitude Exam: EEO Implications for Police Selection

Given the importance of demonstrating test validity and lack of adverse impact on groups covered by EEO/Title VII statutes, this study examined minority-white differences on a police aptitude examination used extensively by police agencies for selecting entry-level officers. Little information exists on the validity of the Multijurisdictional Police Officer Exam and whether use of the test adversely affects selection of minority subjects. This study focused on the relationships between the test and a reliable measure of job performance for officers (N = 194) in 6 Mid-Atlantic police jurisdictions. Based on simple rs and multiple regression analyses, only modest and nonsignificant relationships were found for white subjects, while strong patterns emerged for minorities, findings masked by using an “over-all study sample” typically employed in previous research. Minorities had significantly lower mean scores than white officers on several subtests and the total score, but there was no significant difference...
Diode-pumped alkali laser-bleached wave dynamics

A three level analytic model for optically pumped alkali metal vapor lasers is developed by considering the steady state rate equations for the longitudinally averaged number densities of the ground 2S 1/2 and first excited 2P3/2, and 2P1/2 states. The threshold pump intensity includes both the requirements to fully bleach the pump transition and exceed optical losses, typically about 200 Watts/cm2. Slope efficiency depends critically on the fraction of incident photons absorbed. For efficient operation, the collisional relaxation between the two upper levels should be fast to prevent bottle-necking. By assuming a statistical distribution between the upper two levels, the limiting analytic solution for the quasi-two level system is achieved. The highly saturated pump limit of the recently developed three-level model for Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL) is also developed. The model is anchored to several recent laser demonstrations. A rubidium laser pumped on the 5 2S1/2 – 5 2P3/2 D2 transition by a pulsed dye laser at pump intensities exceeding 3.5 MW/cm2 (< 1000 times threshold) has been demonstrated. Output energies as high as 12 μJ/pulse are limited by the rate for collision relaxation of the pumped 2P3/2 state to the upper laser 2P1/2 state. More than 250 photons are available for every rubidium atom in the pumped volume during each pulse. For modest alkali atom and ethane spin-orbit relaxer concentrations, the gain medium can only process about 50 photons/atom during the 2 – 8 ns pump pulse. At 110° C and 550 Torr of ethane, the system is bottlenecked. The system efficiency based on absorbed photons approaches 36% even for these extreme pump conditions. Furthermore, at 320°C with 2500 torr of helium, a pulsed potassium laser with 1.15 MW/cm2 peak intensity and 9.3% slope efficiency has been demonstrated.
Rodents are not a source of endogenously-produced, fecally-transmitted Caryospora bigenetica oocysts.

Fifteen Swiss-Webster mice (Mus musculus) and eight cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were inoculated orally with Caryospora bigenetica oocysts. Feces from these animals were collected from 0 to 180 days postinoculation (DPI) and examined for endogenously-produced oocysts using Nomarski microscopy. Oocysts were recovered from mouse feces at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 14 DPI, and from cotton rat feces at 1, 2, and 9 DPI. The recovered oocysts were determined to be from the original inocula due to the presence of thick walls, polar granules, and Stieda and substieda bodies. All animals exhibited clinical signs at 8 DPI. Developmental stages of C. bigenetica were identified in various tissues of seven cotton rats found dead at 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 DPI. Caryocysts were found in muzzle, tongue, footpad, scrotum, and rectum of mice and cotton rats at 30 DPI. Fecal samples collected from mice on 0, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 DPI, and from cotton rats on 0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 DPI were injected subcutaneously i...
Hepatotoxicity of a series of organotin esters.

Four organotin esters having use or potential use in the formulation of medically used plastics were evaluated for their toxic effects on the liver following oral administration. The liver damage is apparently the cumulative type, requiring several days to manifest damage in the form of elevated SGPT values and prolonged hexo-barbital narcosis. The toxic potential was in general solubility related.
2.5D Data Mappings

Data mapping is a procedure for transforming data from a given input source/receiver configuration and macro earth model to a different output source/receiver configuration and background model. In a companion paper, we described a “platform” for data mapping. The platform is an integral operator derived as a cascade of an inversion operator with a modeling operator. To apply this platform to a particular data mapping process, it is necessary to eliminate the integration over the modeling variables by analytic methods in order to obtain an operator that directly maps input data and physical model to output data and physical model. In this paper, 2.5D data mapping formulas for downward continuation of receiver (or sources), transformation to zero offset, and mapping from common offset to common shot are presented In general, the data mapping formalism maps Kirchhoff approximate model data in input variables to Kirchhoff data in output variables, with one exception: the method does not map the reflection coefficient. Kirchhoff data accurately models travel time geometrical spreading effects due to both source propagation and reflector curvature. In this sense, this is a “true amplitude” formalism.
A Waveguide Bridge for Measuring Gain at 4000 Mc

A bridge has been constructed for measuring the gain and phase delay of amplifiers in the vicinity of 4000 Mc. The equipment is described, and the methods employed to reduce the possible errors are discussed. The general method may be adapted for use in any desired frequency range.
Photonic Crystal Waveguide Based Refractive Index Sensor

We present a compact PCW based refractive index sensor. A high sensitivity is achieved by operating PCWs in their slow light regime. For ease of detection, PCWs have been used in an unbalanced MZI configuration.
A continuously indicating instrument for carbon monoxide in air

Abstract An instrument is described that, operating continuously, will indicate when certain specified concentrations of carbon monoxide are present in the air drawn through the apparatus. This is accomplished by oxidizing the carbon monoxide over Hopcalite and measuring the rise in temperature rcsulting from the oxidation. Specially designed thermometers are used, with platinum contacts scaled in the stem at intervals corresponding to the gas concentrations it is desired to determine. When these contacts are closed by the rising thread of mercury appropriate signalling devices are put into operation.
California Oil Basins and Impingement of East Pacific Rise Against North America: ABSTRACT

The East Pacific Rise reached California 24-29 m.y. ago north of the Murray fracture zone and 18-20 m.y. ago south of it, on the basis of correlations of offshore magnetic anomalies with the Heirtzler geomagnetic time scale. This rearranged Paleogene paleogeography and established Neogene oil basins, first north, then south of the Transverse Ranges. South San Joaquin basin, central Coast Range basins, and the northern edge of the Ventura basin originated in Zemorrian-Arikareean time, 22.5-26 m.y. ago. Los Angeles basin and southern California borderland basins originated in late Saucesian time, over 15.3 m.y. ago. Basin initiation was accompanied by volcanism, with K-Ar dates averaging 23 m.y. in central California and 15-16 m.y. in southern California. The rift basins were silled, favoring deposition of sapropelic "Monterey" shale alternating with reservoir-quality sands from adjacent highlands. High heat flow accompanying the East Pacific Rise caused early generation and accumulation of Neogene oil from these sapropelic shales, and accumulation of some and perhaps all of the oil in Paleogene reservoirs. The basins underwent almost continuous deformation because of Pacific-North American relative plate motion, resulting in early formation of anticlinal and stratigraphic traps. After disappearance of the East Pacific Rise heat source, the lithosphere cooled, increased in density, and subsided. eformation of basins that were generally subsiding prevented uplift and breaching of many early-formed traps. Comparable relations with the East Pacific Rise are found in several untested basins in the southern California borderland, Colorado delta and northern Gulf of California, and southern Baja California. End_of_Article - Last_Page 813------------
The impact of marital status and employment status on depressive affect for hispanic Americans

Considerable evidence has accumulated in recent years showing that different family structures and supports have an impact on the emotional well-being of individual members of the family. Most of the research has focused on marital status as a key variable. Using the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) we examined the combined effects of marital status and employment status on levels of depressive affect for Puerto Rican, Mexican-American, and Cuban-American adults in the United States. The results reveal an interaction between culture, marital status, and employment for all three groups. In general, married, employed males and females have the lowest overall depressive affect scores whereas unmarried, unemployed individuals have the highest scores.
Multitasking at mitotic exit

Separase is a conserved protease that activates the metaphase-to-anaphase transition by cleaving the link between sister chromatids. Furthermore, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, separase is also involved in promoting mitotic exit through regulating Cdc14 release. A new study now suggests that the mitotic exit function of separase is independent from its protease activity.
Three Models of Secular Constitutional Development: India, Israel, and the United States

As a subject for serious investigation, constitutionalism in faraway places seems finally to have come of age. To appropriate the famous metaphor from the First Amendment arena that is the concern of this paper, it is as if, until relatively recently, a “wall of separation” had shielded both scholarly and judicial analysis of American constitutional issues from the experience of other polities. As a result, too often constitutional inquiry has been denied the illumination and insights of comparative research. My specific aim in this article is to explore the concept and practice of the secular constitution within three nations that are committed, albeit in different ways, to the principle of religious liberty.
Disease and nonbattle injuries sustained by a U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

ABSTRACTBackground: A longitudinal cohort analysis of disease nonbattle injuries (DNBI) sustained by a large combat-deployed maneuver unit has not been performed. Methods: A descriptive analysis was undertaken to evaluate for DNBI casualty care statistics incurred by a U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team (BCT) during a counterinsurgency campaign of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Results: Of the 4,122 soldiers deployed, there were 1,324 DNBI with 5 (0.38%) deaths, 208 (15.7%) medical evacuations (MEDEVAC), and 1,111 (83.9%) returned to duty. The DNBI casualty rate for the BCT was 257.0/1,000 soldier combat-years. Females, compared with males, had a significantly increased incidence rate ratio for becoming a DNBI casualty 1.67 (95% CI 1.37, 2.04). Of 47 female soldiers receiving MEDEVAC 35 (74%) were for pregnancy-related issues. Musculoskeletal injuries (50.4%) and psychiatric disorders (23.3%) were the most common body systems involved with DNBI casualties. Among the BCT cohort the psychiatric DNBI casualty rate and ...
Surgical removal of huge retroperitoneal epithelial cyst

Abstract 1. 1. An unusual case of huge multilocular retroperitoneal cyst is reported with a review of the literature. 2. 2. The most probable origin of this cyst is from congenitally misplaced, extra-hepatic, aberrant bile ducts. 3. 3. Such structures may give rise to neoplasms through malignant transformation of the cells in the wall or lining of the cysts. 4. 4. Large cysts are a hazard to the life of the patient both from the danger of rupture and from the standpoint of a focus of chronic inflammation. 5. 5. Complete surgical removal without rupture of the cyst is highly desirable both from the standpoint of the wound contamination and because of the possibility that the cyst lining or wall may be the site of a malignant tumor.
Post-translational processing of a major histocompatibility complex-encoded proteasome subunit, LMP-2

Proteasomes are abundant, multisubunit protein complexes found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells that catalyze both ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. In addition to their role in normal protein turnover, proteasomes are believed to be involved in the production of most antigenic peptides presented to T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. A distinct subset of mouse proteasomes contain a subunit called LMP-2, which is encoded within the MHC. Here we demonstrate that a previously isolated proteasome cDNA clone encodes the LMP-2 subunit, and that two distinct forms of this subunit may be found in the proteasome complex. One form probably corresponds to the primary translation product, whereas the second form appears to be post-translationally processed by removal of the amino-terminal 20 amino acids. Determination of the location of intron/exon boundaries in the Lmp-2 gene indicated that these residues correspond precisely to the first exon of the gene.
Resectable Pediatric Nonrhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Which Patients Benefit from Adjuvant Radiation Therapy and How Much?

It remains unclear which children and adolescents with resected nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) benefit from radiation therapy, as well as the optimal dose, volume, and timing of radiotherapy when used with primary surgical resection. This paper reviews the sparse literature from clinical trials and retrospective studies of resected pediatric NRSTS to discern local recurrence rates in relationship to the use of radiation therapy.
Mineral assemblages occurring around hydrocarbon vents in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Magnesian calcites are the most abundant authigenic minerals associated with hydrocarbon vents at 25 sites, in water depths ranging from 100 to 600 m in the Green Canyon area and about 2200 m in the Alaminos Canyon area on the Continental Slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The most frequently encountered magnesian calcites have 10–15 mol% MgCO3 and the apparent structural disorder revealed by XRD peak widths increases with Mg substitution. There are no systematic variations in Mg content with respect to water depth or geographic location. The calcite saturation state of the precipitating fluid is primarily determined by the nature of the fluids escaping from the vents, not the ambient seawater.
Analytical MRAM test

Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) is a new technology which offers a viable alternative to other forms of nonvolatile memory, such as flash, where read access time, writing speed, and cell endurance is at a premium. Difficulties in scaling DRAM below the 32nm node may make MRAM a suitable candidate for DRAM replacement. The rigors of MRAM cell development present array designers, process engineers, and test engineers with many unique challenges. Enabling process development through test support of defect monitors makes test development particularly difficult in MRAM technology, due to the complexity of highly nonlinear magnetic materials and device behaviors. We review a number of new strategies and methodologies employed to support MRAM cell development over several MRAM generations, in a research environment. A unique test system with both advanced digital and parametric capabilities will be described. The importance of database integration within the test software and real-time data analysis will also be discussed.
Multiple Segmental Resection in the Treatment of Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is usually a segmental rather than a lobar disease process. Surgical therapy should, ideally, remove all the involved segments without sacrificing any normal pulmonary tissue. Refinements and advances in diagnosis, localization, and surgical therapy now make such a goal attainable. Fifty-three operations in 39 patients, with one death, are reported. All had at least two segments, or a lobe and a segment, excised. There are 26 cases with bilateral bronchiectasis in which bilateral operations have been completed on 14. Segmental resection is especially applicable to patients with multilobar involvement where conservation of all normal pulmonary tissue is essential.
Migration, Crime and Victimhood Responses to Sex Trafficking in the EU

This article explores the other side of European-wide concerns regarding unwanted immigration, associated crime and threats to national security; namely marginalized migrants' experiences of victim...
Influence of surface modifiers on the structure of precipitated calcium carbonate

A calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sorbent synthesized in the presence of surface modifiers has recently been developed in this laboratory for the purpose of enhancing the reactivity toward SO2 at high temperatures (800−1150 °C). The calcium carbonate particles are produced by precipitation from an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide by bubbling pure CO2. The operating parameters such as suspension concentration, gas flow rate, and concentration of surface modifiers are varied to study their influence on the particle size, surface area, and pore volume. The synthesized CaCO3 particles exhibit dramatically high SO2 reactivity and sorbent utilization. The increased reactivity is primarily due to the development of an open initial pore structure of the sorbent brought about by the action of surface-active agents, compared to the conventional calcium-based sorbents. ζ-potential measurements indicate that addition and subsequent adsorption of anionic surfactants neutralize the high positive surface charge (30 mV)...
Winged words: varieties of computer applications to literature

On August 6, 1961, an item appeared in the New York Times describing a rather unusual project that a young classical scholar named James T. McDonough had been actively pursuing. According to the account, for the previous four years McDonough had been reducing the Iliad of Homer to patterns representing the meter of the Greek epic, key-punching these patterns on a large number of punch cards and running them on an IBM 650 in the hope of discovering whether the uniformity of the patterns showed that the poem had been written by a single author, a question about which there had been a great deal of argument during the past century. McDonough hoped to earn a Ph.D. at Columbia with this work. Whether he succeeded or not, he had made a landmark in being one of the first who used computers in the solution of a literary problem. Since that beginning, others have availed themselves of electronic aid. As it is now ten years since the beginning of the relationship between computers and literature, it may be time to survey some of the results, to consider what has been achieved and what the prospects are.
Seize the Day! Encouraging Indulgence for the Hyperopic Consumer

This article explores the phenomenon of “hyperopia,” or an aversion to indulgence, as introduced by Kivetz and Simonson (2002) and Kivetz and Keinan (2006). We first develop a measure to capture hyperopia as an individual difference. Three empirical studies use this measure to demonstrate that hyperopia and high self-control are both conceptually and empirically distinct. Further, we show that altering the level at which an action or item is construed can make an indulgent goal or luxury product more appealing to the high hyperopia consumer by influencing its value in terms of an attractive long-term outcome.
THE ASSOCIATION OF ROSETTE AND GLOBULE TERMINAL COMPLEXES WITH CELLULOSE MICROFIBRIL ASSEMBLY IN NITELLA TRANSLUCENS VAR. AXILLARIS (CHAROPHYCEAE)

A freeze-fracture investigation of the putative cellulose synthesizing complex (terminal complex) morphology in Nitella translucens var. axillaris (A. Br.) R.D.W. internodal cells revealed single solitary EF globules and PF rosettes on the plasma membrane. The average density of rosettes in elongating internodal cells was 5.6 μm−2 with slight spatial variation observed. In only three other algal genera (all zygnematalean) have rosette / globule terminal complexes been observed, while this characteristic is common to all vascular plants and one moss thus far investigated. This evidence strongly suggests that the rosette type of terminal complex morphology is an additional characteristic of charophycean algae and lends further support to the hypothesis that this group of algae represents the evolutionary line that gave rise to vascular plants. Observations were also made from the freeze-fracture of Nitella internodal cells concerning the orientation of cell wall microfibrils and cytoskeletal elements near the plasma membrane. The pattern of microfibril orientation in growing internodal cells is initially transverse to the cell long axis, becoming progressively axial presumably due to the strain of elongation. In mature internodal cells, the pattern of microfibril orientation is helicoidal. Microtubules appressed to the inner surface of the plasma membrane are oriented parallel to the most recently formed microfibrils in elongating and mature internodal cells.
Sterilization at cesarean operation

Abstract A description is given of a technique for sterilization at cesarean operation intended for patients who are poor surgical risks, when it is imperative to save time and loss of blood. A special clamp or the fingers of an assistant placed along the mesosalpinx, holds the tube straight and affords counterpressure. A lengthwise incision is made through the muscularis of the tube in the isthmic region. The mucosa tube is lifted from its bed and about 1 cm. excised between ligatures. The empty sleeve muscularis is folded in an “s” and secured in that position with three or four through-and-through fine silk sutures.
Impact of the 1993 Flood on the Distribution of Organic Contaminants in Bed Sediments of the Upper Mississippi River

The 1500 km Upper Mississippi River (UMR) consists of 29 navigation pools and can be divided into the upper reach (pools 1−4), the middle reach (pools 5−13), and the lower reach (pools 14−26). Comparison of composite bed sediment samples collected from the downstream third of 24 pools before and after the 1993 UMR flood provides field-scale data on the effect of the flood on sediment organic compound distributions. The sediments were analyzed for organic carbon, coprostanol, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons including pyrene, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Most of the target compounds were detected in all of the sediment samples, although concentrations were generally <1 mg/kg. The highest concentrations typically occurred in the upper reach, an urbanized area on a relatively small river. Pool 4 (Lake Pepin) is an efficient sediment trap, and concentrations of the compounds below pool 4 were substantially lower than those in pools 2−4. Diffe...
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES: A CASE STUDY IN LAW AND THE PREVENTION OF INJURIES

Law is one of the most effective tools of injury prevention. Legislation, regulation, and litigation have all been used successfully to reduce the toll of injuries. The article examines the full range of the law as it has been used to prevent injuries associated with all-terrain vehicles. The rise in popularity of such vehicles, the realization of the injuries associated with their use, and the law's response to their hazards provide a valuable case study of how the various aspects of the law can be used as tools for injury prevention.
Effects of bilateral olivocochlear lesions on vowel formant discrimination in cats

Abstract Operant conditioning procedures were used to measure the effects of bilateral olivocochlear lesions on the cat's discrimination thresholds for changes in the second formant frequency (ΔF 2 ) of the vowel /ϵ/. Three cats were tested with the formant discrimination task under quiet conditions and in the presence of continuous broadband noise at signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 23, 13, and 3 dB. In quiet, vowel levels of 50 and 70 dB produced average ΔF 2 s of 42 and 47 Hz, respectively, and these thresholds did not change significantly in low levels of background noise (S/Ns=23 and 13 dB). Average ΔF 2 s increased to 94 and 97 Hz for vowel levels of 50 and 70 dB in the loudest level of background noise (S/N=3 dB). Average ΔF 2 thresholds in quiet and in lower noise levels were only slightly affected when the olivocochlear bundle was lesioned by making bilateral cuts into the floor of the IVth ventricle. In contrast, post-lesion ΔF 2 thresholds in the highest noise level were significantly larger than pre-lesion values; the most severely affected subject showed post-lesion discrimination thresholds well over 200 Hz for both 50 and 70 dB vowels. These results suggest that olivocochlear feedback may enhance speech processing in high levels of ambient noise.
Arthroscopic findings in the knee in nail-patella syndrome: A case report

Nail-patella syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can cause significant morbidity in several organs, including the musculoskeletal system. This case report describes our arthroscopic findings in the knees of an adolescent with bilateral hypoplastic and subluxed patellae. Our findings suggest that early intervention should be considered whenever this syndrome is recognized. This may modify some of the long-term joint problems seen in adults with nail-patella syndrome.
An empirical relation between the angular momentum content of the hemispheres and the flux across the equator

The existence of a seasonal flow of atmospheric angular momentum across the equator was postulated by Widger (1949) and first verified by Tucker (1965). Since then, much information has accumulated regarding atmospheric angular momentum content and its transport between the hemispheres. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01629.x