cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restricted spatial and temporal expression of G-protein alpha subunits during Drosophila embryogenesis

Of the known signal transduction mechanisms, the most evolutionarily ancient is mediated by a family of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins or G proteins. In simple organisms, this form of sensory transduction is used exclusively to convey signals of developmental consequence. In metazoan organisms, however, the developmental role of G-protein-coupled sensory transduction has been more difficult to elucidate because of the wide variety of signals (peptides, small molecules, odorants, hormones, etc.) that use this form of sensory transduction. We have begun to examine the role of G-protein-coupled signaling during development by investigating the expression during Drosophila embryogenesis of a limited set of G proteins. Since these proteins are a common component of all G-protein-coupled signaling systems, their developmental pattern of expression should indicate when and where programmed changes in gene activity are initiated by, or involve the participation of, G-protein-coupled signaling events. We have focused on the spatial and temporal expression pattern of three different Drosophila G-protein alpha subunits by northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry using antibodies directed to peptides specifically found in each alpha subunit. From the spatial and temporal restriction of the expression of each protein, our results suggest that different forms of G-protein-coupled sensory transduction may mediate developmental interactions during both early and late stages of embryogenesis and may participate in a variety of specific developmental processes such as the establishment of embryonic position, the ontogeny of the nervous system and organogenesis.
Some Remarks Concerning a Definition of Ordered Pairs

(1977). Some Remarks Concerning a Definition of Ordered Pairs. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 636-638.
BERGMANN'S RULE, SEASONALITY, AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN BODY SIZE OF HOUSE SPARROWS.

Body size of House Sparrows is positively correlated with seasonality (annual temperature range) in both North America and Europe. Previously used climatic variables gave inconsistent or contrasting results for the two continental samples. The physiological advantage of large size in seasonal environments appears to be increased fasting ability, but this may be offset somewhat, particularly for females, by other factors, e.g., competitive interactions that influence rates of energy intake or ability to initiate breeding in the spring. It is proposed that minimization of maintenance energy costs on a per individual basis, and thus small size, is advantageous in equable (and predictable) environments.
Isocitric and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenases in human blood serum.

SummaryMethods for determination of isocitric and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenases in human blood serum are described. The properties of these enzymes, and factors affecting their activity in the blood sera of normal human adults are discussed.
Evaluation and Comparison of Two Total Protein Reagents

Sigma Diagnostics total protein reagent was evaluated in the authors' laboratory as an alternative to Abbott A-Gent total protein reagent, for use on the ABA-100 chemistry analyzer. The Sigma reagent at least equalled the performance of the Abbott reagent for precision, accuracy, and recovery. A high degree of correlation (r = .942) was found between the results obtained using the two reagents. The Sigma reagent offered significantly longer stability and lower cost.
Application of grey model GM(1,1)to forecast incidence trend of hepatitis A

Objective :To forecast the incidence of hepatitis A in Shanghai.Methods: The grey model GM(1,1) was established and incidence in future 5 years were forecasted based on the incidence of hepatitis A in Shanghai from 1990 to 2005.Results: The grey model established the forecasting equation as(1)(k+1)=-122.54e-0.158 3k+148.61.The goodness of fit test indicated that the precision(degree 2) was identified.The grey model could be used to forecast incidence trend of hepatitis A.Conclusion: The results indicated that the incidence of hepatitis A in Shanghai declines gradually according to forecasting of GM(1,1).
If you see one, have you seen them all?: Community-wide effects of insecticide cross-resistance in zooplankton populations near and far from agriculture.

The worldwide use of pesticides has led to increases in agricultural yields by reducing crop losses. However, increased pesticide use has resulted in pesticide-resistant pest species and recent studies have discovered pesticide-resistance in non-target species living close to farms. Such increased tolerance not only affects the species, but can alter the entire food web. Given that some species can evolve not only resistance to a single pesticide, but also cross-resistance to other pesticides that share the same mode of action, one would predict that cross-resistance to pesticides would also have effects on the entire community and affect community stability. To address this hypothesis, we conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment comprised of 200 identical aquatic communities with phytoplankton, periphyton, and leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles. To these communities, we added one of four Daphnia pulex populations that we previously discovered were either resistant or sensitive to the insecticide of chlorpyrifos as a result of living close to or far from agriculture, respectively. We then exposed the communities to either no insecticide or three different concentrations of AChE-inhibiting insecticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion or carbaryl) or sodium channel-inhibiting insecticides (permethrin or cypermethrin). We discovered that communities containing sensitive Daphnia pulex experienced phytoplankton blooms and subsequent cascades through all trophic groups including amphibians at moderate to high concentrations of all five insecticides. However, communities containing resistant D. pulex were buffered from these effects at low to moderate concentrations of all AChE-inhibiting insecticides, but were not buffered against the pyrethroid insecticides. These data suggest that a simple change in the population-level resistance of zooplankton to a single insecticide can have widespread consequences for community stability and that the effects can be extrapolated to a wide variety of pesticides that share the same mode of action.
The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe: The Logics and Politics of Immigrant Political Incorporation

The main European tradition has … been to forbid foreign citizens to take part in political activities, i.e. to reserve political rights for citizens. (Thomas Hammar 1990: 127) It does now seem that Asian people participate fully in British politics both as voters and councillors and progress towards parity in the House of Commons is to be expected. (Michel Le Lohe 1998: 94) As we have seen in previous chapters, the story of post-WWII immigration, and especially its domestic political and social effects, is a checkered narrative. One the one hand, as many scholars have observed, the influx of foreign workers into the host societies proceeded fairly harmoniously during the early post-WWII period. A few cases excepted, foreign workers were successfully, if unevenly, incorporated into the domestic economies and societies of Western Europe (de Wenden 2002; Ekberg 1994). Facilitated by the widely embraced myth that postwar immigration was a temporary and reversible phenomenon, its first wave neither seriously threatened the economic security of native workers nor challenged the foundations of the traditional domestic sociocultural order. The economic, social, and political context within which the second wave of migration unfolded, on the other hand, was very different. By the mid-1970s the post-WWII economic boom had run its course. Stagflation, high unemployment, and painful structural economic adjustment all converged during the decade to erode the permissive political and social environment within which the first foreign workers had been received.
Collective Forces, Causation, and Probability

Morals is the paradigmatic area for which the case for Durkheim’s account of the reality of social facts is articulated (Giddens, 1971, p. 218). The thrust of Durkheim’s argument is that obligation cannot be understood without some notion of causally compelling social facts. This is a puzzling argument, in part because of its structure. As we have seen, the Rules begins with a definition of social facts that defines these facts in terms of ‘generality’, and identifies generality with the possession of an obligatory character — this last left only vaguely specified (1964, p. 9; 1982, p. 56; 1937, p. 10). By the point in the text that it is claimed that ‘social facts’ are necessary to explain obligation (e.g., 1964, pp. 121–24; 1982, pp. 142–44; 1937, pp. 120–23), a great many things other than obligations have been included in the category, and the argument begins to seem to be little more than a tautology, whose tautologous structure is concealed by the strange variousness of the things that fall into the category of social facts, a diversity that many commentators have complained about (e.g. Giddens, 1971, p. 218; Lukes, 1971, pp. 190–93).
Scalable optically pumped external cavity GaAs lasers

For most semiconductor lasers, catastrophic damage imposes a fundamental limit on the peak output power, and power scaling requires an increase of the active emitting area.
Distortion properties of gallium arsenide and silicon RF and microwave switches

An important parameter for RF and microwave system design is the prediction of distortion produced by system components. This paper presents the results of a study on the distortion produced by GaAs and Si RF and microwave switches. The results presented will provide RF and microwave circuit designers with information needed to help decide which switch to use for a specific switching application.
Developing a culturally and linguistically responsive survivorship care plan for breast cancer.

146 Background: African and Latina-American breast cancers patients (BCA) experience the greatest morbidity and mortality, suggesting a critical need for improved surveillance and quality care. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Commission on Cancer (CoC) recommend that survivors receive personalized Treatment Summaries and Survivorship Care Plans (TSSCP) in order to facilitate best practice in clinical surveillance and follow-up care. This TSSCP template development study joined advocacy, scientific and medical communities to comprise a diverse advisory council (AC, N=38) to inform the development of the TSSCP-AA (African American) and TSSCP-S (Latino) templates targeting BCA. This abstract reports on the development, and presents the TSSCP-AA and TSSCP-S. Methods: The overall study was guided by the Shared Care and Psychooncology Models, and Contextual Model of Health Related Quality of Life. The AC provided input into the culturally relevant modifications of the American Society of Clinical Oncolo...
A Modular Approach to the Discovery and Affinity Maturation of Sequence-Selective RNA-Binding Compounds

This chapter describes a strategy developed at the University of Rochester that relies on a two-step process for the generation of high-affinity, sequence-selective RNA-binding compounds with target-relevant biological activity. First, a natural product-inspired dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) is employed to rapidly produce “hit” compounds able to bind the target RNA. Second, a process of analog synthesis is employed to enhance affinity, bioavailability, and sequence selectivity. This strategy has been used to successfully produce compounds able to bind target RNAs with high (nanomolar) affinity, and target-relevant activity in cellular assays and in vivo. In particular, approaches to RNA targets of critical importance in Myotonic Dystrophy (a triplet repeat RNA-mediated disease) and in the life cycle of HIV will be discussed.
Distance-Based Anomaly Detection Approaches

In this chapter we consider anomaly detection based on distance (similarity) measures. Our approach is to explore various possible scenarios in which an anomaly may arise. To keep things simple, in most of the chapter we illustrate basic concepts using one-dimensional observations. Distance based algorithms, proposed by researchers, are presented in Chap. 6.
Reflections on My Career: Lessons Learned and Opportunities Missed

ABSTRACT Participating in this special issue has given me the opportunity to reflect on my career in terms of the choices I made, the lessons I learned, and the missed opportunities. I start with a...
The Spectre of the Commune and French Anarchism in the 1890s

This chapter considers not the influence of the Paris Commune of 1871 on anarchist theory (e.g., on Peter Kropotkin, Elisee Reclus, Michael Bakunin, and Louise Michel) in the decades before the Great War but rather its influence on the reality of anarchist organisation in France, above all, in Paris. The Commune offered a permanent source of inspiration and a practical guide for the anarchist movement. In terms of anarchist ‘organisation’, significant continuities in space were to be found in Paris. Anarchists worked to attract followers in the quartiers populaires of the capital that had been bastions of support for the Commune and resistance until the bitter end during Bloody Week. Thus Montmartre, where the Commune had begun and where the basilica of Sacre-Coeur loomed in triumph over People’s Paris, and Belleville, which had suffered horribly in May 1871, remained essential in the mobilisation of anarchists. Anarchists continued to underline the importance of popular, spontaneous action. Here, too, the Commune remained an inevitable frame of reference. The destruction of the Paris Commune remained an essential part of the collective memory of anarchists as they organised against the state.
Warthin's tumor in the era of hybrid imaging with SPECT-CT and PET-CT: Features, indications and value of different functional and anatomical modalities

1006 Learning Objectives 1. Evaluation of Warthin9s tumors. 2. An FDG avid parotid lesion is not always malignant as Warthin9s can frequently be FDG avid. 3. Accuracy, simplicity and easy reproducibility of salivary gland scintigraphy. 4. Multimodality imaging with expert opinion can be useful. Various imaging techniques have been used to guide clinical and surgical management in salivary gland lesions. We propose to review different imaging techniques used in the evaluation of a suspected Warthin’s tumor. Warthin9s tumor is the second most common benign parotid tumor. It usually occurs in older patients (6-7th decade of life). It most commonly presents incidentally on CT studies and nowadays on PET scans as well as in the work up of other processes involving the head and neck. This leads to a diagnostic dilemma. Is the parotid mass benign or malignant? Salivary gland imaging with 99mTc-labeled sodium pertechnetate (Na[99mTcO4-]) has been utilized to diagnose Warthin’s tumors with high accuracy: 87% (sensitivity: 78%, a specificity of 91%); in addition, this test is also simple to perform [1}. Other modalities have been used to evaluate salivary gland pathology including 123Iodine, 131Iodine, 67Gallium or 18F-FDG (PET-CT), as well as ultrasound, CT, and MRI. Ultrasound has been described as a modality which can identify a Warthin’s tumor based on echostructure, margins and vascularity. CT utilizes structure, margins, number of lesions, pattern of enhancement, washout time-frames and attenuation coefficients to differentiate between various parotid tumors. The current role of MRI is predominantly in the pre-surgical delineation of facial nerve anatomy. Many investigators have attempted to use quantitative parameters in the evaluation of parotid masses including peak signal intensities, washout patterns, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cutoffs, and lesion-to-muscle magnetization transfer ratios
Conceptual Modeling Foundations for a Web of Knowledge

The semantic web purports to be a web of knowledge that can answer our questions, help us reason about everyday problems as well as scientific endeavors, and service many of our wants and needs. Researchers and others expound various views about exactly what this means. Here we propose an answer with conceptual modeling as its foundation. We define a web of knowledge as a collection of interconnected knowledge bundles superimposed over a web of documents. Knowledge bundles are conceptual model instances augmented with facilities that provide for both extensional and intensional facts, for linking between knowledge bundles yielding a web of data, and for linking to an underlying document collection providing a means of authentication. We formally define both the component parts of these augmented conceptual models and their synergistic interconnections. As for practicalities, we discuss problems regarding the potentially high cost of constructing a web of knowledge and explain how they may be mitigated. We also discuss usage issues and show how untrained users can interact with and gain benefit from a web of knowledge.
Early findings of a technology driven FLS in improving identification, treatment and follow up of hip fracture patients

Introduction In an effort to improve the diagnosis and treatment rate in patients with fragility fractures, many health care organizations have implemented secondary prevention programs, widely known as fracture liaison service (FLS). At an academic medical center, a technology driven FLS was developed as a joint effort between the departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery and was launched in March 2016. Objective This abstract presents our early findings with a goal to evaluate the effects of a single institution FLS on education, diagnosis and treatment of patients who presented with hip fracture. Method The FLS model was designed to utilize the asset of a robust electronic medical record (Epic Systems, Madison, WI, USA) and develop a system within the EMR that is comprised of four key elements 1) improving patient education, 2) standardizing hip fracture admission order set, 3) post-discharge communication with rehabilitation facilities and 4) implementation of an outpatient evaluation for osteoporosis (OP) as part of routine health maintenance. A retrospective chart review was performed on 310 hip fracture patients admitted prior to the launch of FLS from 01/01/2010 to 12/31/2012 and subsequently a preliminary analysis has been done on 276 patients admitted from 3/27/2016 to 8/29/2017 after implementing FLS. In each group patient's age, gender, use of OP medications, use of vitamin D and calcium supplementation, bone mineral density (BMD) scan, and measurements of laboratory tests appropriate for evaluating bone disease were evaluated. Results The baseline demographic characteristics of the two groups, namely age and gender, did not significantly differ. Results were notable for significantly greater use of vitamin D/Ca in the post-FLS group. BMD testing did not significantly differ between groups. Use of OP medications was almost double in the post-FLS group compared with pre-FLS, but this was not statistically significant. The remainder of the data is shown in table 1. Conclusion Although FLS is in early stages, we have successfully been able to implement a standardized approach to hip fracture admission, which ensures obtaining relevant labs, improving patient education and post-hospitalization continuity of care. We have seen an increase in number of patients who were started on supplements and OP medications. Although treatment rate did not significantly differ from pre-FLS cohort, it likely is an underestimation due to short follow up of only a few months in large portion of the patients. As more data becomes available the efficacy of the existing structure can be more accurately evaluated and we can better determine whether a system managed through the EMR can function independent of a designated FLS coordinator.
Enhancing boron rejection on electrically conducting reverse osmosis membranes through local electrochemical pH modification

Abstract Reverse-osmosis (RO) has become a prevailing technology for seawater desalination. While RO removes the majority of ions in seawater, the removal of small, uncharged contaminants remains challenging. Boron existing as uncharged boric acid (B (OH)3) in seawater is partially removed during the RO process, requiring further treatment if the desalinated seawater will be used for certain crop irrigation. Boron removal efficiency is significantly improved under a high pH condition where non-charged B(OH)3 turns into negatively charged borate (B(OH)4−). Therefore, RO desalination plants often exploit a double-pass configuration, where the pH of the RO permeate from the first pass is chemically increased above the pKa of B(OH)3, and is treated again using RO membrane (the second pass). Although this process can achieve high boron removal efficiency, it incurs substantial operating and capital costs. In this study, commercial RO membranes are coated with carbon nanotubes forming an electrically conducting, porous layer. We explore the impact of applied cathodic potentials on boron and salt rejection, membrane flux, and fouling. We demonstrate that applying cathodic potentials can elevate the near-membrane pH, which dramatically increases boron rejection. However, the higher pH results in membrane scaling (Mg(OH)2), although the formed scaling does not dramatically reduce membrane flux.
CORRELATION BETWEEN LIVER UPTAKE OF 14C-ENDOTOXIN AND 3H-DEXAMETHASONE BINDING IN HIGH RESPONDER AND LOW RESPONDER MICE

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the correlations between liver uptake of 14C-endotoxin and 3H-dexamethasone binding in high-responder and low-responder mice. In a study described in the chapter, bacterial endotoxin was extracted by cold trichloroacetic acid from Escherichia coli 0111:B4, grown in Minimal E Medium containing 14C(U)-glucose. 3H-dexamethasone binding differed in high-responder and low-responder mice. C3H/HeJ mice bound significantly less steroid than C3HeB/FeJ mice. When challenged with an LD50 of endotoxin, the magnitude of change in dexamethasone binding was greater for the high responder than the low responder. Endotoxin treatment caused a decrease in steroid binding in both mouse strains to approximately the same basal level. The results obtained from tolerant and non-tolerant mice suggest that acute administration of endotoxin causes a rapid decline in glucocorticoid-binding capacity in liver. This effect becomes chronic in that endotoxin tolerant animals, not challenged with endotoxin, demonstrate continued low-level steroid binding. The clearance data indicate that low-responder mice process endotoxin differently than high-responder mice because less of the total injected 14C-endotoxin could be accounted for in blood, liver, and spleen in these animals.
Dual- Versus Mono-Bronchodilator Therapy in Moderate to Severe COPD: A Meta-analysis.

Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines recommend both long-acting and dual bronchodilator therapy. It is unclear if there are differences in efficacy and safety.Objectiv...
Effects of a mind-body program on symptoms of depression and perceived stress among adults with neurofibromatosis type 2 who are deaf: A live-video randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Introduction Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare, progressive and incurable genetic disorder associated with progressive hearing loss and eventual deafness. As a group, patients with NF report high levels of stress and depressive symptoms. However, no studies have explored improvement in these symptoms after psychosocial interventions. We have previously shown that a mind-body program tailored to adults with NF2 who are deaf (the Relaxation Response and Resiliency Program for Deaf NF2, d3RP-NF2) improves quality of life and resiliency over and above a Health Enhancement program when both are delivered via live-video and assisted by Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART). Here we tested the effects of the programs on depression and perceived stress. Methods Forty-five patients with NF2 and significant hearing loss were randomized to the d3RP-NF2 or Health-Enhancement program and completed measures of depression (PHQ-9) and perceived stress (PSS-10) at baseline, post-intervention, and six-month follow-up. Results Patients randomized to the d3RP-NF2 program, but not to the control condition, experienced significant decreases on both measures from baseline to post-test, which were maintained at follow-up (within group tests). However, improvements following the d3RP-NF2 program was not significantly higher than those observed in the control group (between group tests). Conclusion Results provide the first evidence of improvement in symptoms of depression and perceived stress among deaf patients living with NF2 who participate in a virtual mind-body program.
Association Between RBC Antigen Allo-Antibodies and Immune-Related Adverse Events During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment for Advanced Cancers.

Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a primary treatment modality for patients with a variety of malignancies. Given their increasing use, it is essential to be familiar with their immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Here we report a severe case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with cold agglutinin precipitated by pembrolizumab, and a retrospective study of patients treated with ICI utilizing an institutional database where we analyzed the patterns of anti-RBC testing and their ability to predict irAE. Methods Patients treated with at least one dose of ICI (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 inhibitors) for advanced cancer between November 2012 and September 2017 at our institution were included. Electronic Medical Records were reviewed to abstract data. Medians and 95% CIs were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and differences compared using the Log Rank test. Fisher's exact test and Chi square test were used to analyze clinical associations. Results We identified 1065 patients who received at least one dose of ICI: 180/1065 (17%) underwent direct antiglobulin test (DAT) or allo-antibody (alloAb) testing at any time; 127/1065 (12%) had either DAT or alloAb testing pre-ICI; 129 had either DAT or alloAb testing after ICI initiation; and 76 had either DAT or alloAb testing at both time points. There was a significant association between positive alloAb pre-ICI and the development of irAE while on ICI (p = 0.04). Conclusion Given the increasing use of ICI, oncologists should be aware of potential irAEs with ICI. We found an association between the presence of an alloAb pre-ICI and the development of irAE, indicating that this previous non-self antigen response may predict immune adverse events. A larger prospective study is needed for systematic evaluation of the association between alloAb testing and irAE, and whether routine testing may inform clinical decision-making for patients.
The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID) module in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.3.2.

Abstract. Air quality modeling for research and regulatory applications often involves executing many emissions sensitivity cases to quantify impacts of hypothetical scenarios, estimate source contributions, or quantify uncertainties. Despite the prevalence of this task, conventional approaches for perturbing emissions in chemical transport models like the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model require extensive offline creation and finalization of alternative emissions input files. This workflow is often time-consuming, error-prone, inconsistent among model users, difficult to document, and dependent on increased hard disk resources. The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID) module, a component of CMAQv5.3 and beyond, addresses these limitations by performing these modifications online during the air quality simulation. Further, the model contains an Emission Control Interface which allows users to prescribe both simple and highly complex emissions scaling operations with control over individual or multiple chemical species, emissions sources, and spatial areas of interest. DESID further enhances the transparency of its operations with extensive error-checking and optional gridded output of processed emission fields. These new features are of high value to many air quality applications including routine perturbation studies, atmospheric chemistry research, and coupling with external models (e.g., energy system models, reduced-form models).
A mixed-methods study to inform the clarity and accuracy of cannabis-use and cannabis-tobacco co-use survey measures.

Abstract Background Legalization of medical and recreational cannabis in US states has been accompanied by increases in availability, acceptability, and diversity in methods of cannabis use, as well as an increase in devices and methods for cannabis-tobacco co-use. Updated and specific survey measures of cannabis and cannabis-tobacco co-use are needed. Methods We employed a mixed-methods approach to identify sources of specification and measurement error in cannabis and cannabis-tobacco co-use measures. We surveyed and interviewed 36 young adult (age 18–29) cannabis and tobacco co-users in California (2017-2018), triangulated with document analysis of online cannabis websites and forums. We investigated how survey reports of cannabis use and cannabis-tobacco co-use compared to narrative descriptions provided during in-depth interviews. We identify key strategies for researchers collecting self-reported survey data to enhance accuracy and comprehensiveness of measures. Findings Potential sources of survey error included: broad variation in cannabinoid content and concentration, inconsistent interpretation of questions between participants and researchers (e.g. blunts were not considered co-use), and substantial variation in dosage within and between products. No evidence of survey recall bias or response editing was detected. Conclusion To enhance survey accuracy, we recommend surveys specify which cannabis delivery methods and forms are included and excluded in each measure, differentiate between cannabis products, and explicitly include or exclude CBD product use.
Why music matters in urban school districts: The perspectives of students and parents of the Celia Cruz High School of Music, Bronx, New York

ABSTRACTDespite their long history and importance in the American curriculum, music programs must constantly justify their place in the twenty-first century. Urban areas that are economically depressed sometimes may not be able to offer music instruction due to the emphasis on raising test scores as well as unfavorable economic conditions that may limit their options. Despite these challenges, community leaders and educators successfully established a school of music in the Bronx, New York. Celia Cruz High School, the focus of this case study, was created to offer a musically centered curriculum in the borough of the Bronx as well as address the epidemic of large failing schools. Celia Cruz in its design and current state serves the population of the Bronx and reflects that demographic. Interviews with parents and students were carried out as a means of establishing the perspective of a musically focused education within this context. Based on interviews, parents and students of Celia Cruz value music as ...
Comparison of technical success and safety of transbronchial versus percutaneous CT-guided fiducial placement for SBRT of lung tumors

Abstract Objective To evaluate the technical success and safety of transbronchial (bronchoscopic) fiducial placement compared to percutaneous CT-guided fiducial placement for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of lung tumors. Materials and methods This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was performed at a single tertiary institution. Consecutive patients undergoing lung fiducial placement for purposes of guiding SBRT (CyberKnife®, Accuray, Inc.) between September 2005 to January 2013 were included in the study. Fiducial seeds were placed percutaneously with CT guidance or transbronchially with bronchoscopic guidance. We compared procedure-related complications (pneumothorax, chest tube placement), technical success (defined as implantation enabling adequate treatment planning with CT simulation) and migration rate. The need for repeat procedures and their mode was noted. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exact and Chi square probability tests. Results Two hundred and forty-four patients with lung tumors and 272 fiducial seed placements were included in the study. Two hundred and twenty-one of the 272 (81.2%) fiducial markers were placed percutaneously and 51/272 (18.8%) were placed transbronchially. Pneumothorax was seen in 73/221 (33%) of percutaneously-placed fiducials and in 4/51 (7.8%) of transbronchial placements (p Conclusion Transbronchial fiducial marker placement has a significantly higher rate of failed seed placements requiring repeat procedures in comparison to percutaneous placement. Complication rate of pneumothorax requiring chest drain placement is similar between the two approaches.
OSTEOCHONDRAL ALLOGRAFTING IN THE SKELETALLY IMMATURE KNEE: HIGH RATES OF INCORPORATION AND EXCELLENT EARLY OUTCOMES:

Background:While an excellent option for osteochondral defects in the adult knee, outcomes following fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) the skeletally immature are limited. Purpose: To compare rad...
A Novel Method for Sleep Score Estimation Using Wearable Sensors with a Deep Sequential Neural Network

The use of sleep score as a measure of fitness and wellness is getting popular in Smart Health as it provides an objective assessment of sleep quality. However, reliable estimation of sleep scores from wearable sensor data only is challenging. In this study, we investigated the estimation of sleep score using only features available from single-channel ECG or single-channel EEG data. We used partial correlation and conditional permutation importance for feature selection; then compared extreme gradient boosting, artificial neural network, and sequential neural network for developing a regression model for sleep score estimation. TabNet- an attention-based deep sequential learning model achieved the best performance of RMSE = 5.47 and R-squared value of 0.59 in the test set for sleep score estimation using only spectral features of single-channel EEG. The results pave the way for reliable and interpretable sleep score estimation using a wearable device.
Layered Structures of Assembled Imine-Linked Macrocycles and Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Give Rise to Prolonged Exciton Lifetimes

Ordered organic materials and assemblies have great potential to be tailored to have desirable properties for optoelectronic applications, such as long exciton lifetime and high directional exciton mobility. Framework materials, such as twodimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs), as well as their truncated macrocyclic analogues, are versatile platforms to organize functional aromatic systems into designed assemblies and robust materials. Here we investigate the exciton dynamics in a 2D COF, its corresponding hexagonal macrocycle, and extended nanotubes comprised of stacked macrocycles. The excitonic behavior of these three systems provide an understanding of excitonic processes that occur in the plane of the covalently bonded 2D macromolecules and between layers of the nanotubes and 2D COF. The nanotube and analogous 2D COF exhibit longer excited-state lifetimes (~100 ps) compared to the individual, solvated macrocycles (<0.5 ps). These differences are attributed to the internal conversion facilitated by the internal motions of the imine linkages which are significantly reduced in the assembled macrocycles in the nanotube and 2D COF sheets in the layered structures. The exciton diffusion processes in the assembled nanotubes and 2D COF systems were characterized by the autocorrelations of the transition dipole moment of the excitons, giving the depolarization time constants for both systems to be ~1 ps. This work also reveals the anisotropic exciton dynamics related to the in-plane and inter-plane structural factors in these systems. These studies provide guidance for the design of future COF materials, where the longer excited state lifetimes imparted by assembly are beneficial for optoelectronic applications.
A co-curricular interprofessional education activity to facilitate socialization and meaningful student engagement

Abstract Background Interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative practice are important drivers of healthcare transformation. Early learning activities designed to foster socialization may help students develop an interprofessional identity, built on an understanding of their unique contributions to interprofessional teams. Interprofessional education activity At the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio), an institution-wide initiative called Linking Interprofessional Networks for Collaboration was started to advance IPE and strengthen students' attitudes, knowledge, and skills related to interprofessional teamwork. An IPE orientation focused on socialization and meaningful student engagement was developed. The event included dinner, a socialization activity, a roles/responsibilities-focused activity, faculty member accounts of interprofessional collaboration, and a recorded patient interview with guided reflection. One hundred thirty-one students attended. The event was evaluated for student satisfaction and meaningfulness of pedagogical strategies to inform the design and implementation of future IPE activities. Discussion Quantitative results were positive, with activities rated 3.5 or higher using a 4-point Likert scale. Faculty stories were rated the most meaningful component. Student comments indicated a desire to have more time dedicated to socialization activities and an increased opportunity to see their profession highlighted. Implications Outcomes informed the creation of a Common IPE Experience at UT Health San Antonio, which launched in 2020 for approximately 1000 students. The Common IPE Experience featured interprofessional socialization, wide-ranging representation of professions, case studies inspired by patient experiences, and faculty interpretations of case studies, all of which were derived from lessons learned in this IPE Report.
Detecting Framework Distortions Predicted by Hybrid-DFT: An Opportunity to Improve the M1 Catalyst.

Scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of the MoVNbTe-oxide used as a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation and partial oxidation establishes anisotropic scattering projections of atom columns composed of Mo and V atoms which image the catalytically active S2 site and were predicted to be distorted by hybrid density functional theory calculations. These distortions of the S2 sites toward empty hexagonal channels created by the removal of [TeO]2+ entities experimentally corroborate that controlled partial occupancy of (TeO)n chains in the hexagonal channels of the MoVNbO-framework provides a means to introduce polarons and thereby increase the catalytic reactivity and selectivity of this catalyst.
Gender Identity and Stereotyping in Early and Middle Childhood

Without much effort, one can easily imagine a young girl, at age 3 or 4, happily wearing a pink, frilly dress. She twirls, she dances, she skips in her dress, reveling in its femininity and flounce. In the same vein, with great ease one can imagine a small boy, a towel draped around his neck, his bony arms outstretched in fists. He imagines his muscles bulging and his strength abounding, running here and there in an attempt to fly off to combat unseen evil forces. What can explain these gender differences in behavior? There are many different possible explanations. Some might say girls and boys come into the world this way, that DNA causes a preference for pink or an adoration of superheroes. Others may say these children simply learn from examples around them, seeking to imitate their mothers or fathers, for example. Many forces may interact, but in this chapter, we consider these behaviors through the lens of cognitive-developmental theory. Cognitive-developmental theory emphasizes a few central tenets. It emphasizes close links between gender development and children’s basic cognitive development (Martin, Ruble, & Szkrybalo, 2002). It also views children as internally, self-initiated “gender detectives”—agents who actively construct the meaning of gender categories, rather than as passive recipients of external gender socialization agents. In addition, cognitive-developmental theory posits that a motivational drive to master these gender categories causes children to seek out information about their sex and to behave in accordance to what they deem appropriate gendered ways (Stangor & Ruble, 1987). Hence, in the present chapter, we focus on the development of gender identity and gender stereotyping, two constructs that involve cognition. We first broadly define gender identity and stereotyping. Next we discuss their possible antecedents. Finally we connect gender identity and stereotyping with gender-typed behavior and preferences, adjustment, and intergroup relations in early childhood. Throughout we incorporate recent research and classic literature, and also provide examples from our own laboratory.
Investigation Of The Effects Of Fluid Flow On Srb Biofilm

Various studies have indicated that sessile bacteria in biofilms, not planktonic bacteria suspended in liquids, are directly responsible for pitting attack on metal surfaces in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). MIC has been detected not only in static fluid systems, but also in flow systems. Fluid flow directly impacts mass transfer and biofilm formation. A sufficiently high linear flow velocity can prevent biofilm establishment or even dislodge an established biofilm. It is difficult to perform experiments using a large flow loop to achieve high linear velocities. Instead, an electrochemical glass cell bioreactor with a cylindrical coupon on a rotating shaft can be used to simulate pipe flow with high linear velocities in MIC research. Mass transfer and wall shear stress similarities can be used to relate the coupon rotational speed in a glass cell and the average linear velocity in the corresponding pipe flow. In this work, ATCC 7757 strain of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, a common strain of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), was used in glass cell experiments to study biofilm behavior under flow conditions. The results confirmed that a high linear flow velocity could indeed prevent SRB biofilm formation.
Performance evaluation of hybrid environments with mobile gateways

To combine the advantages of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and the Internet, we propose an approach that will integrate them into a hybrid, unified network enabling MANET nodes to have Internet connectivity regardless of their location in MANET. In order to best benefit MANET from Internet resources access, we introduce mobile gateways, which are moving around the boundary of fixed Internet gateways' coverage range, to act as an interface between MANET and the Internet. Mobile gateways are designed in a way to overcome the network architectural mismatches that exist between MANET and the Internet and widen the coverage range affixed Internet gateways. More specifically, mobile gateways are equipped with two interfaces allowing them to communicate simultaneously with MANET and the Internet using an ad hoc routing protocol and Mobile IP, respectively. Our experiments, which were conducted using the network simulator ns2, adopted Mobile IP protocol and dynamic source distance vector (DSDV) routing protocol, and showed that density and mobility of gateways as well as time-to-live of agent advertisements have an impact on the performance of the hybrid network.
The Quartz Crystal Microbalance and the Electrochemical QCM: Applications to Studies of Thin Polymer Films, Electron Transfer Systems, Biological Macromolecules, Biosensors, and Cells

In this chapter we focus on the application of the piezoelectric-based quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique to create and study thin polymeric films. The electrochemical variant of the quartz crystal microbalance technique (EQCM) allows one to study changes in the interfacial mass and physical properties associated with electron transfer processes occurring at the electrode surface, such as those accompanying electropolymerization of thin films. We have applied EQCM to study and compare the formation and properties of polymeric thin films formed from amphiphilic and non-amphiphilic phenolic and tyrosine monomers and comonomer systems. Also, we show the applicability of using EQCM to study polymeric films formed as a result of enzymatic polymerization processes, to create enzyme-entrapped polymer electrodes, and to create biosensors. Lastly, we briefly discuss QCM application to studies of cell properties such as adhesion and to create cell QCM biosensors that have interesting applications in the area of drug discovery.
Classical Embryological Studies and Modern Genetic Analysis of Midbrain and Cerebellum Development

The brain is a remarkably complex anatomical structure that contains a diverse array of subdivisions, cell types, and synaptic connections. It is equally extraordinary in its physiological properties, as it constantly evaluates and integrates external stimuli as well as controls a complicated internal environment. The brain can be divided into three primary broad regions: the forebrain, midbrain (Mb), and hindbrain (Hb), each of which contain further subdivisions. The regions considered in this chapter are the Mb and most-anterior Hb (Mb/aHb), which are derived from the mesencephalon (mes) and rhombomere 1 (r1), respectively. The dorsal Mb consists of the laminated superior colliculus and the globular inferior colliculus (Fig. 1A and B), which modulate visual and auditory stimuli, respectively. The dorsal component of the aHb is the highly foliated cerebellum (Cb), which is primarily attributed to controlling motor skills (Fig. 1A and B). In contrast, the ventral Mb/aHb (Fig. 1B) consists of distinct clusters of neurons that together comprise a network of nuclei and projections-notably, the Mb dopaminergic and Hb serotonergic and Mb/aHb cholinergic neurons (Fig. 1G and H), which modulate a collection of behaviors, including movement, arousal, feeding, wakefulness, and emotion. Historically, the dorsal Mb and Cb have been studied using the chick as a model system because of the ease of performing both cell labeling and tissue transplants in the embryo in ovo; currently DNA electroporation techniques are also used. More recently the mouse has emerged as a powerful genetic system with numerous advantages to study events underpinning Mb/aHb development. There is a diverse array of spontaneous mutants with both Mb- and Cb-related phenotypes. In addition, numerous gene functions have been enumerated in mouse, gene expression is similar across vertebrates, and powerful genetic tools have been developed. Finally, additional insight into Mb/aHb function has been gained from studies of genetic diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, cancer, and Dandy Walker syndrome, that afflict the Mb/aHb in humans and have genetic counterparts in mouse. Accordingly, this chapter discusses a spectrum of experiments, including classic embryology, in vitro assays, sophisticated genetic methods, and human diseases. We begin with an overview of Mb and aHb anatomy and physiology and mes/r1 gene expression patterns. We then provide a summary of fate-mapping studies that collectively demonstrate the complex cell behaviors that occur while the Mb and aHb primordia are established during embryogenesis and discuss the integration of both anterior-posterior (A-P) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) patterning. Finally, we describe some aspects of postnatal development and some of the insights gained from human diseases.