cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smart Grid Enabled Mobile Networks: Jointly Optimizing BS Operation and Power Distribution

With the development of green energy technologies, base stations (BSs) can be readily powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid power consumption, and subsequently reduce the carbon footprints. As smart grid advances, power trading among distributed power generators and energy consumers will be enabled. In this paper, we investigate the optimization of smart grid-enabled mobile networks, in which green energy is generated in individual BSs and can be shared among the BSs. In order to minimize the on-grid power consumption of this network, we propose to jointly optimize the BS operation and the power distribution. The joint BS operation and power distribution optimization (BPO) problem is challenging due to the complex coupling of the optimization of mobile networks and that of the power grid. We propose an approximate solution that decomposes the BPO problem into two subproblems and solves the BPO by addressing these subproblems. The simulation results show that by jointly optimizing the BS operation and the power distribution, the network achieves about 18% on-grid power savings.
Optimization is Ubiquitous

This chapter introduces the relevance of optimal thinking and optimization modeling and describes the structure of the most common types of optimization problems that can be found in real-world practice. Importantly, optimization is ubiquitous in industry and life.
Assessment of rock unit variability through use of spatial variograms

Abstract All rock units contain a certain degree of variability, which is an intrinsic property of the material. This variability can present itself in differences in mineralogy, grain size, grain shape, porosity, or a number of other ways. This presents a challenge when attempting to identify the number of specimens required in order to capture the geomechanical variability of a rock unit. For instance, while a homogeneous granite may only require a few specimens to characterize the spectrum of geomechanical behavior anticipated within the unit, a moderately to highly metamorphosed rock unit such as a gneiss, a schist, or a meta-igneous or meta-sedimentary rock may require a significantly larger number of specimens. This discrepancy can lead to over-testing, which induces an unnecessary excess cost, or under-testing, which could lead to an under-representation of the geomechanical variability possible within a rock unit. While previous works have considered robust statistical approaches such as Monte Carlo simulations and confidence interval analysis with large data sets, this work presents a practical empirical methodology of assessing geologic and geomechanical variability by analyzing images and the respective uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of core specimens. Once corrected for lighting irregularities and other deleterious influences, two-dimensional covariance maps and one-dimensional variogram samples are calculated for each rock core and used to extract several metrics for rock unit geologic variability. These metrics are then correlated to geomechanical variability based on UCS testing results. Ultimately, these correlations can be used to find the number of specimens required to estimate the rock unit's mean UCS within a specified margin of error. This methodology allows one to quickly analyze core images of a specific rock type and evaluate how many specimens are required for testing.
Technical note: Open-paleo-data implementation pilot - The PAGES 2k special issue

Abstract. Data stewardship is an essential element of the publication process. Knowing how to enact data polices that are described only in general terms can be difficult, however. Examples are needed to model the implementation of open-data polices in actual studies. Here we explain the procedure used to attain a high and consistent level of data stewardship across a special issue of the journal Climate of the Past. We discuss the challenges related to (1) determining which data are essential for public archival, (2) using data generated by others, and (3) understanding data citations. We anticipate that open-data sharing in paleo sciences will accelerate as the advantages become more evident and as practices that reduce data loss become the accepted convention.
Robotic Patterning a Superhydrophobic Surface for Collective Cell Migration Screening.

Collective cell migration, in which cells migrate as a group, is fundamental in many biological and pathological processes. There is increasing interest in studying the collective cell migration in high throughput. Cell scratching, insertion blocker, and gel-dissolving techniques are some methodologies used previously. However, these methods have the drawbacks of cell damage, substrate surface alteration, limitation in medium exchange, and solvent interference. The superhydrophobic surface, on which the water contact angle is greater than 150 degrees, has been recently utilized to generate patterned arrays. Independent cell culture areas can be generated on a substrate that functions the same as a conventional multiple well plate. However, so far there has been no report on superhydrophobic patterning for the study of cell migration. In this study, we report on the successful development of a robotically patterned superhydrophobic array for studying collective cell migration in high throughput. The array ...
Touch To Talk: A Wearable Representing Social Media Metaphors

With the growing popularity of social media, many person-to-person interactions happen in the virtual space using various metaphors like emojis, tweets, and likes. In this late breaking work, we aim to map such metaphors from the virtual world into the physical world and understand the interactions that follow. We have proposed and prototyped a wearable that is a tangible representation of two social media metaphors: poke and categorizing people as friends, acquaintances, and strangers. These categories have been represented using touch patches and the interactions are visualized on the wearable.
Crosstalk between neuropeptides SP and CGRP in regulation of BMP2-induced bone differentiation.

Aim of the study: The peripheral nervous system is involved in regulation of bone metabolism via sensory and sympathetic innervation. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are...
Regulation of lymphoid apoptosis by Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.

Naturally occurring cell death is common during lymphoid development and activation. The death of developing lymphoid cells is a highly regulated process that serves to select lymphoid populations that are functionally competent, and to remove cells that are not longer needed or potentially autoreactivel. Elimination of self-reactive B and T lymphocytes by apoptosis is thought to play a major role in the establishment of self-tolerance. The latter process is mediated by high avidity interactions between antigen receptors and self-antigens2. In contrast, signaling via the Fas receptor appears to play a major role in the elimination of activated lymphocytes during immune responses in peripheral tissues3. In addition, to the antigen and Fas receptors, survival of lymphocytes is controlled by certain cytokines and costimulatory signals4−5. The intracellular mechanism that regulates and executes the death program is still poorly understood but it is thought that cell death is controlled by a genetic program induced within the dying lymphocyte. Recently, several genes have been identified that appear to play critical roles in lymphoid survival6. The bc1-2 protooncogene was the first member of a growing family of genes that suppresses cell death in lymphoid cells7. Constitutive expression of bc1-2 in lymphoid cells prevents or delays apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli7. A role of Bc1-2 in T and B-cell biology was suggested by its highly restricted cellular distribution during development and in mature lymphoid populations8−9. Recent evidences suggest that Bc1-2 plays a role in positive selection of thymocytes 10−12. However, the ability of Bc1-2 to influence negative selection of thymocytes and immature B cells is controversial13−15.
Empirical Bayes Transfer Learning for Uncertainty Characterization in Predicting Parkinson’s Disease Severity

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder disease. Identifying an accurate model to predict severity level is critical to prevent severe suffering for PD patients. However, the existing research does not consider the heterogeneity among patients, falls short for prediction uncertainty characterization and typically adopts models that involve tedious parameter tuning processes. We propose to incorporate transfer learning and sparse learning under a Hierarchical Bayesian framework for tractable estimation of parameter posterior distribution and prediction uncertainty quantification. Specifically, we develop an empirical Bayes transfer learning (ebTL) model that accounts for patient heterogeneity and meanwhile allows for knowledge transfer between the modeling processes of different patients. ebTL is also featured for automatic hyper-parameters estimation without a tedious tuning process. Finally, we present an application of predicting PD severity level by using features extrac...
Acute Left Ventricular Unloading Reduces Atrial Stretch and Inhibits Atrial Arrhythmias

Abstract Background Left atrium (LA) physiology is influenced by changes in left ventricular (LV) performance and load. Objectives The purpose of this study was to define the effect of acute changes in LV loading conditions on LA physiology in subacute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods MI was percutaneously induced in 19 Yorkshire pigs. One to 2 weeks after MI, 14 pigs underwent acute LV unloading using a percutaneous LV assist device, Impella. The remaining 5 pigs underwent acute LV loading by percutaneous induction of aortic regurgitation. A pressure-volume catheter was inserted into the LA using a percutaneous transseptal approach, and LA pressure-volume loops were continuously monitored. Atrial arrhythmia inducibility was examined by burst-pacing of the right atrium. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) levels and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation were examined in LA tissues to study the potential effect of stretch-dependent oxidative stress. Results MI resulted in reduced LV ejection fraction and increased LV end-diastolic pressure with concomitant increase in LA pressure and volumes. Acute LV unloading resulted in a reduction of LV end-diastolic pressure, which led to proportional decreases in mean LA pressure and maximum LA volume. LA pressure-volume loops exhibited a pump flow-dependent, left-downward shift. This was associated with reduced LA passive stiffness, suggesting the alleviation of the LA stretch that was present after MI. Prior to acute unloading of the LV, 71% of the pigs were arrhythmia-inducible; LV unloading reduced this to 29% (p = 0.02). Time to spontaneous termination of atrial arrhythmias was decreased from median 55 s (range 5 to 300 s) to 3 s (range 0 to 59 s). In contrast, acute LV loading with aortic regurgitation increased LA pressure without a significant effect on arrhythmogenicity. Molecular analysis of LA tissue revealed that NOX2 expression was increased after MI, whereas acute LV unloading reduced NOX2 levels and diminished ryanodine receptor phosphorylation. Conclusions Acute LV unloading relieves LA stretch and reduces atrial arrhythmogenicity in subacute MI.
Panel Size, Office Visits, and Care Coordination Events: A New Workload Estimation Methodology Based on Patient Longitudinal Event Histories:

Background. Panel size, or the number of patients a primary care physician (PCP) and her care team can feasibly manage as part of a practice, remains a vital question in primary care. Objective. To...
Plasma Transfusion Products and Contamination with Cellular and Associated Pro-Inflammatory Debris.

Background Stored plasma products are widely regarded as being functionally acellular, obviating the need for leukoreduction. We tested the hypothesis that donor plasma is contaminated by leukocytes and platelets, which, after frozen storage, would release cellular debris in quantities sufficient to elicit significant pro-inflammatory responses. Study Design Samples of never-frozen liquid plasma from 2 regional Level I trauma centers were analyzed for leukocyte and platelet contamination. To determine if the cellular contamination and associated debris found in liquid plasma were at levels sufficient to evoke an innate immune response, known quantities of leukocytes were subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle, added to whole blood, and the magnitude of the inflammatory response was determined by induction of interleukin-6. Results Units of never-frozen plasma from 2 regional Level I trauma centers located in Alabama and Louisiana contained significant amounts of leukocyte contamination (Louisiana, n = 22; 17.3 ± 4.5 million vs Alabama, n = 22; 11.3 ± 2.2 million) and platelet contamination (Louisiana, n = 21; 0.86 ± 0.20 billion vs Alabama, n = 22; 1.0 ± 0.3 billion). Cellular debris from as few as 1 million leukocytes induced significant increases in interleukin-6 levels (R2 = 0.74; p Conclusions Stored plasma units from trauma center blood banks were highly contaminated with leukocytes and platelets, at levels more than 15-fold higher than sufficient to elicit ex vivo inflammatory responses. In light of paradigm shifts toward the use of more empiric plasma for treatment of hypovolemia, this study suggests that new manufacturing and quality-control processes are needed to eliminate previously unrecognized cellular contamination present in stored plasma products.
Seed germination of exotic and native winter annuals differentially responds to temperature and moisture, especially with climate change scenarios

Seeds of winter annuals require a summer after‐ripening period for dormancy loss and low autumn temperatures for germination. With current and future changes in moisture and temperature, we tested the effects of warming along a relative humidity (RH) gradient on dormancy loss and effects of decreased diurnal temperature range (DTR) on germination. We further reasoned that the effects of changes in these variables would be disproportionate between the exotic and native winter annuals. Seeds of exotic species (Buglossoides arvensis, Lamium purpureum and Ranunculus parviflorus) and co‐occurring native species (Galium aparine, Paysonia stonensis and Plantago virginica) were collected in middle Tennessee. After‐ripening occurred over a 15–100% RH gradient at 25 and 30°C and germination was tested at 20/10 and 20/15°C. Niche breadth was calculated using Levins' B. Fresh Ranunculus seeds had high germination and those of other species did not. Germination for these species increased with after‐ripening, mostly across the RH gradient irrespective of temperature. A decrease in DTR showed mixed results – the extreme being Ranunculus with no germination at 20/15°C. Most exotic species had wider germination niche breadths than native species. With climate change, we suggest that a decrease in DTR may have a larger effect on germination than increasing moisture or warming on dormancy break. Moreover, there is not a clear‐cut winner with climate change when we compare exotic versus native species because the responses of our six species were species specific.
Scheduling chemical processes for frequency regulation

Abstract Fast-paced demand response programs like frequency regulation play an important role in real-time balancing of the demand and supply of electricity. Chemical plants are a desirable participant in demand response programs due to their localized, large electricity demand, and to their ability to modulate power demand by properly scheduling production and product storage. However, the dynamics of such loads are complex and nonlinear, and must be explicitly accounted for when engaging in demand response or frequency regulation. Considerations such as ramp rate and capacity limits, which are typically employed on the grid side in managing demand response activities, do not sufficiently characterize the transient properties of the operation of chemical processes. Thus, using exogenous demand response dispatch signals for marshaling frequency regulation may be economically suboptimal or impossible to follow by a chemical plant. Motivated by the above, a new approach to frequency regulation that guarantee feasible power modulation and is well-suited for chemical processes is developed in this work. New metrics for describing the flexibility of the process for frequency regulation are provided. The strategy is demonstrated for a relevant class of industrial process – chlor-alkali production. It is shown that frequency regulation service can be provided with minimum disruption to the operations of the chemical process.
Self-Efficacy As a Target for Neuroscience Research on Moderators of Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric Anxiety

Objective: Despite the advances in the field of neuroscience, many questions remain regarding the mechanisms of anxiety, as well as moderators of treatment outcome. Long-term adverse outcomes for a...
Protocol for a retrospective, comparative effectiveness study of the association between transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) monitoring used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and clinical outcomes

Abstract Background Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the most widely performed adult cardiac surgery in the US. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an ultrasound-based cardiac imaging modality used in CABG surgery for hemodynamic monitoring and management of complications related to cardiopulmonary bypass. However, there are no comparative effectiveness studies (randomized or non-randomized) that have investigated the relationship between TEE monitoring and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing CABG surgery. Because of this lack of evidence, recommendations for TEE in CABG surgery remain indeterminate (Class II). We aim to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing CABG surgery with vs without TEE monitoring. This protocol will detail how we plan to investigate the hypothesis that TEE monitoring in CABG surgery will be associated with improved clinical outcomes. Methods and Analysis This investigation will be an observational retrospective, comparative effectiveness, cohort study using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) claims data from January 1, 2013 to October 15, 2015. The aim is to determine if TEE monitoring during CABG surgery is associated with improved 30-day survival, lower incidence of stroke, shorter length of hospitalization, and incidence of esophageal perforation. To alleviate the potential bias from unmeasured confounding, we propose leveraging hospitals’ (or surgeons’) preference for TEE in CABG surgery as an instrumental variable (IV). We will combine this IV technique with statistical-matching-based methods by pairing hospitals (or surgeons) with similar observed confounding variables but considerably different preference for TEE monitoring in CABG surgery. Our research design is meant to emulate a cluster-randomized encouragement experiment. The following a priori protocol will detail how we plan to execute this analysis.
Closing the Design Loop: Bayesian Optimization Assisted Hierarchical Analog Layout Synthesis

Existing analog layout synthesis tools provide little guarantee to post layout performance and have limited capabilities of handling system-level designs. In this paper, we present a closed-loop hierarchical analog layout synthesizer, capable of handling system designs. To ensure system performance, the building block layout implementations are optimized efficiently, utilizing post layout simulations with multi-objective Bayesian optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work demonstrating success in automated layout synthesis on generic analog system designs. Experimental results show our synthesized continuous-time ∆Σ modulator (CTDSM) achieves post layout performance of 65.9dB in signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), compared with 67.8dB in the schematic design.
Integrating genome-wide CRISPR immune screen with multi-omic clinical data reveals distinct classes of tumor intrinsic immune regulators.

Background Despite approval of immunotherapy for a wide range of cancers, the majority of patients fail to respond to immunotherapy or relapse following initial response. These failures may be attributed to immunosuppressive mechanisms co-opted by tumor cells. However, it is challenging to use conventional methods to systematically evaluate the potential of tumor intrinsic factors to act as immune regulators in patients with cancer. Methods To identify immunosuppressive mechanisms in non-responders to cancer immunotherapy in an unbiased manner, we performed genome-wide CRISPR immune screens and integrated our results with multi-omics clinical data to evaluate the role of tumor intrinsic factors in regulating two rate-limiting steps of cancer immunotherapy, namely, T cell tumor infiltration and T cell-mediated tumor killing. Results Our studies revealed two distinct types of immune resistance regulators and demonstrated their potential as therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Among them, PRMT1 and RIPK1 were identified as a dual immune resistance regulator and a cytotoxicity resistance regulator, respectively. Although the magnitude varied between different types of immunotherapy, genetically targeting PRMT1 and RIPK1 sensitized tumors to T-cell killing and anti-PD-1/OX40 treatment. Interestingly, a RIPK1-specific inhibitor enhanced the antitumor activity of T cell-based and anti-OX40 therapy, despite limited impact on T cell tumor infiltration. Conclusions Collectively, the data provide a rich resource of novel targets for rational immuno-oncology combinations.