cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
U.S. Landfalling and North Atlantic Hurricanes: Statistical Modeling of Their Frequencies and Ratios

AbstractTime series of U.S. landfalling and North Atlantic hurricane counts and their ratios over the period 1878–2008 are modeled using tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), tropical mean SST, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). Two SST input datasets are employed to examine the uncertainties in the reconstructed SST data on the modeling results. Because of the likely undercount of recorded hurricanes in the earliest part of the record, both the uncorrected hurricane dataset (HURDAT) and a time series with a recently proposed undercount correction are considered.Modeling of the count data is performed using a conditional Poisson regression model, in which the rate of occurrence can depend linearly or nonlinearly on the climate indexes. Model selection is performed following a stepwise approach and using two penalty criteria. These results do not allow one to identify a single “best” model because of the different model configurations (different SST d...
Unexpected cardiovascular deaths are rare with therapeutic doses of droperidol

Abstract In December 2001, the FDA required a “black box warning” suggesting that unexpected cardiovascular deaths could occur at normal therapeutic doses of droperidol. We reviewed data from 270 MedWatch reports, including 99 reports of death, submitted between November 1, 1997, and January 10, 2002. We further reviewed primary reports of deaths and cardiovascular adverse events associated with ≤10 mg of droperidol. There were 99 death reports representing 89 patients, with a specified dose in 66 cases. Among 74 (83%) foreign fatality reports, 57 included a known dose (≥50 mg in 29 cases [49%] and ≤2.5 mg in only 3 cases [5%]). Of the 15 (17%) U.S. cases, 9 included a specified dose (≤2.5 mg in 5 cases and 5–10 mg in 4 cases). Cardiovascular deaths after therapeutic doses (≤2.5 mg) of droperidol are rare. Mandatory electrocardiographic screening appears unnecessary.
Suicide acceptability as a mechanism of suicide clustering in a nationally representative sample of adolescents.

Abstract Purpose The goal of the present study was to examine suicide acceptability as a mechanism of suicide clustering in adolescents. Methods Data were drawn from The National Annenberg Survey of Youth, a sample of 3302 adolescents aged 14–22 collected between 2002 and 2004. Results Results indicated that beliefs of the acceptability of suicide partially mediated the effect of exposure to suicide (defined as knowing someone who attempted or completed suicide) on 1) serious suicidal ideation and 2) suicide planning behaviors. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that suicide acceptability is in small part a possible reason why suicides tend to cluster in adolescents. It contributes not only to the knowledge of how the phenomenon of suicide clustering might occur, but more broadly highlights the importance of examining mediators of suicide clustering.
Retrospectives Ethics and the Invisible Hand

As modern economists, we use Adam Smith's "invisible hand" metaphor confident that we all know what it means in our discourse: it reflects our admiration for the elegant and smooth functioning of the market system as a coordinator of autonomous individual choices in an interdependent world. But in Adam Smith's moral philosophy, the invisible hand has a much broader responsibility: if individuals are to enjoy the fruits of a classical liberal society, the invisible hand must not only coordinate individuals' choices, it must shape the individuals into constructive social beings—ethical beings. I begin by presenting the philosophical basis for Smith's invisible hand, describing the sense in which the hand is invisible and whose hand it is. I then describe the story Smith tells of the invisible hand creating and maintaining a constructive classical liberal society and show how Smith's story evolved as his faith in the ability of the invisible hand to shape an appropriate ethical foundation waned. I conclude with some thoughts on the legacy of Adam Smith and of our predecessors in economic inquiry more generally.
Next-generation sequencing platforms

Automated DNA sequencing instruments embody an elegant interplay among chemistry, engineering, software, and molecular biology and have built upon Sanger's founding discovery of dideoxynucleotide sequencing to perform once-unfathomable tasks. Combined with innovative physical mapping approaches that helped to establish long-range relationships between cloned stretches of genomic DNA, fluorescent DNA sequencers produced reference genome sequences for model organisms and for the reference human genome. New types of sequencing instruments that permit amazing acceleration of data-collection rates for DNA sequencing have been developed. The ability to generate genome-scale data sets is now transforming the nature of biological inquiry. Here, I provide an historical perspective of the field, focusing on the fundamental developments that predated the advent of next-generation sequencing instruments and providing information about how these instruments work, their application to biological research, and the newes...
Reliability and validity of the FITNESSGRAM: quality of teacher-collected health-related fitness surveillance data.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality (reliability and validity) of large-scale fitness testing in Texas and determine if reliabilities and validities were related to potential confounding variables. Four test administration scenarios were conducted to investigate the quality of data collected statewide as part of the Texas Youth Evaluation Project. Teachers and/or expert test administrators tested individual students (N = 1,010) on two occasions. Criterion-referenced reliabilities were very good to generally acceptable for all FITNESSGRAM® test items, with musculoskeletal items having the lowest reliabilities. The validity of teacheradministered tests was good. Reliability and validity of teacher-obtained health-related fitness measures were generally unrelated to potentially confounding student or school characteristics. Administrators, teachers, parents, and students can feel comfortable with the reliability and validity of the statewide health-related fitness testing in Texas.
A framework for community interactions under climate change

Predicting the impacts of climate change on species is one of the biggest challenges that ecologists face. Predictions routinely focus on the direct effects of climate change on individual species, yet interactions between species can strongly influence how climate change affects organisms at every scale by altering their individual fitness, geographic ranges and the structure and dynamics of their community. Failure to incorporate these interactions limits the ability to predict responses of species to climate change. We propose a framework based on ideas from global-change biology, community ecology, and invasion biology that uses community modules to assess how species interactions shape responses to climate change.
Relationship between Switching and Mating in Candida albicans

Candida albicans represents the most pervasive fungal pathogen colonizing humans ([5][1], [36][2]). Its success stems in part from its capacity to live as a benign commensal in a majority of healthy individuals in one or more of a variety of body locations, most notably the oral cavity, genitalia,
Role of biliary phosphatidylcholine in bile acid protection and NSAID injury of the ileal mucosa in rats

Abstract Background & Aims: We explored the role of biliary phosphatidylcholine (PC) in protection of the intestinal mucosa against bile salt (BS)-induced intestinal injury and how this property may be blocked by indomethacin (Indo), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is secreted into the bile. Methods: We performed in vivo studies in which bile was collected over a 2-hour period after rats were intragastrically administered Indo (25 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline (controls). The bile samples (some of which were supplemented with PC) were then instilled into a loop of distal ileum of anesthetized rats. After a 30-minute exposure period, we measured the hemoglobin concentration of the ileal loop fluid, as an index of bleeding, and mucosal contact angles, as an index of surface hydrophobicity. A similar in vivo experiment was performed in which model bile containing 5 mmol/L each of the BS, sodium deoxycholate, PC, or Indo, alone and in combination, was instilled into ileal loops. In our in vitro test system, human erythrocytes were exposed to the above biliary constituents, and hemolysis was measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Bile from Indo-pretreated rats decreased the surface hydrophobicity and induced bleeding of ileal loops in comparison with control bile, and both NSAID-induced changes were reversed if PC was added to the bile. Similarly, synthetic BS caused gastrointestinal bleeding, decreased ileal contact angles, and induced erythrocyte hemolysis, all of which were reversed by addition of equimolar PC. This protective role of PC in both the in vivo and in vitro systems was partially blocked by Indo, although the NSAID had no effect on these properties on its own. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that PC protects the intestinal mucosa against injurious actions of BS, possibly by forming less toxic mixed micelles. Indo and perhaps other NSAIDs that enter the bile may damage the mucosa, not by a direct action, but by competing for the available protective PC molecules. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;118:1179-1186
Cough and cold medication use by US children, 1999-2006: results from the slone survey.

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric cough and cold medications are widely marketed in the United States, but the precise patterns of use among children are not known. Such information is especially important given recent reports suggesting that these medications are responsible for previously underappreciated serious adverse events and deaths among children. We sought to describe the prevalence and patterns of pediatric use of cough and cold medications, with particular attention to use among young children. METHODS: We analyzed data on the use of cough and cold medications, defined as any oral medication that contains>or=1 antitussive, decongestant, expectorant, and/or first-generation antihistamine active ingredients, among 4267 US children who were younger than 18 years and enrolled during 1999-2006 in the Slone Survey, a national random-digit-dial telephone survey of medication use by the US population. RESULTS: In a given week, a cough and cold medication was used by 10.1% of US children. Exposure was highest to decongestants (6.3%; mostly pseudoephedrine) and first-generation antihistamines (6.3%; most common were chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, and brompheniramine), followed by antitussives (4.1%; mostly dextromethorphan) and expectorants (1.5%; almost exclusively guaifenesin). Multiple-ingredient products accounted for 64.2% of all cough and cold medications used. Exposure to antitussives, decongestants, and first-generation antihistamines was highest among 2- to 5-year-olds (7.0%, 9.9%, and 10.1%, respectively) followed by children who were younger than 2 years (5.9%, 9.4%, and 7.6%, respectively); expectorant use was low in all age groups. The use of cough and cold medications declined from 1999 through 2006. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 10 US children uses a cough and cold medication in a given week. The especially high prevalence of use among children of young age is noteworthy, given concerns about potential adverse effects and the lack of data on the efficacy of cough and cold medications in this age group. Language: en
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Is a Critical Regulator of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Evidence exists that protein kinase C and the mammalian target of rapamycin are important regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. We examined the contribution of these signaling kinases to cardiac growth in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Systolic blood pressure was increased ( P P P P P P P
Symbolic model order reduction

Symbolic model order reduction (SMOR) is the problem of reducing a large circuit that contains symbolic circuit parameters to smaller low order models at its ports. Several methods, including symbol isolation, single frequency point reduction, and multiple frequency point reduction, are described and compared. Test circuits with simulation results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of SMOR.
Evaluation of clinical and safety outcomes associated with conversion from brand-name to generic tacrolimus in transplant recipients enrolled in an integrated health care system.

tudy Objective To evaluate clinical and safety outcomes among transplant recipients whose tacrolimus was converted from the brand-name formulation to a generic formulation. Design Retrospective analysis. Data Source Clinical databases and electronic records from a large, integrated health care system in California. Patients A total of 234 clinically stable, adult transplant recipients (renal, liver, and heart) whose tacrolimus was converted from the brand-name formulation to a generic formulation between October 1, 2010, and December 31, 2010, according to a physician-approved protocol. Measurements and Main Results For each patient, pre- and postconversion tacrolimus trough concentrations and serum creatinine concentrations were analyzed. Data were also collected on the percentage of patients who required dosage titration, drug cost savings, and rates of reversion to brand-name tacrolimus, biopsy-proved acute allograft rejections, and mortality. No significant differences were noted in mean ± SD pre- and postconversion tacrolimus trough levels (6.74 ± 1.61 vs 6.96 ± 2.31 ng/ml, p=0.137) or serum creatinine concentrations (1.33 ± 0.48 vs 1.36 ± 0.82 mg/dl, p=0.302). The mean ± SD percent change in tacrolimus trough concentration was 5.63 ± 32.95%. Thirty-six patients (15.4%) required dosage titration. Six patients (2.6%) reverted back to brand-name tacrolimus. No deaths or acute rejections occurred. Use of the generic product saved each patient an average of $45/month in drug acquisition cost and $26/prescription copayment. Conclusion Clinical experience as well as research data show that use of generic tacrolimus results in trough concentrations that are comparable to the brand-name drug. Given the lack of adverse events reported and the cost savings recognized, conversion from brand-name tacrolimus to generic tacrolimus should be encouraged. Since dosage titration may be required, close therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended.
Temper, Temperature, and Temptation Heat-Related Retaliation in Baseball

In this study, we analyzed data from 57,293 Major League Baseball games to test whether high temperatures interact with provocation to increase the likelihood that batters will be hit by a pitch. Controlling for a number of other variables, we conducted analyses showing that the probability of a pitcher hitting a batter increases sharply at high temperatures when more of the pitcher's teammates have been hit by the opposing team earlier in the game. We suggest that high temperatures increase retaliation by increasing hostile attributions when teammates are hit by a pitch and by lowering inhibitions against retaliation.
Males adjust signaling effort based on female mate-preference cues

Female behavior involved in the expression of mate preferences often entails the production of cues that males may use to adjust their efforts and tactics, thus generating interactive back–and–forth reproductive dynamics. We investigated whether female duetting behavior in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) offers cues about how attractive females find signaling males and whether males modify their signaling behavior accordingly. Playback experiments with females of 4 Enchenopa species showed that stimulus attractiveness influenced the likelihood, duration, and dominant frequency of female signals. A separate playback experiment with males of 1 of the 4 species showed that they modified their behavior according to the features of female duetting signals: Males were more likely to signal and to produce more signals when presented with longer female signals of intermediate frequency. Because the female signals evoking the greatest male response did not correspond to conspecific signals, we conclude that males have been selected to attend to cues indicating likely female receptivity but not species identity. We discuss the consequences of these findings for assortative mating and reproductive isolation. Key wor ds: Auchenorrhyncha, duetting, Enchenopa binotata complex, male mate choice, phytophagous insect, vibratory communication. [Behav Ecol]
Characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composite Fasteners Exposed in a Combustor Linear Rig Test

Combustion tests on SiC/SiC CMC (Ceramic Matrix Composite) components were performed in an aircraft combustion environment using the Rich-burn, Quick-quench, Lean-burn (RQL) sector rig. SiC/SiC fasteners were used to attach several of these components to the metallic rig structure. The effect of combustion exposure on the fastener material was characterized via microstructural examination. Fasteners were also destructively tested, after combustion exposure, and the failure loads of fasteners exposed in the sector rig were compared to those of as-manufactured fasteners. Combustion exposure reduced the fastener failure load by 50% relative to the as-manufactured fasteners for exposure times ranging from 50 to 260 hours. The fasteners exposed in the combustion environment demonstrated failure loads that varied with failure mode. Fasteners that had the highest average failure load, failed in the same manner as the unexposed fasteners.
Signal criterion for use of nonlinear encoding of communications signals

This paper attempts to provide criteria that can be applied to signals to determine if a nonlinear encoding technique provides an improved signal characterization.
KAnalyze: a fast versatile pipelined K-mer toolkit

Motivation: Converting nucleotide sequences into short overlapping fragments of uniform length, k-mers, is a common step in many bioinformatics applications. While existing software packages count k-mers, few are optimized for speed, offer an application programming interface (API), a graphical interface or contain features that make it extensible and maintainable. We designed KAnalyze to compete with the fastest k-mer counters, to produce reliable output and to support future development efforts through well-architected, documented and testable code. Currently, KAnalyze can output k-mer counts in a sorted tab-delimited file or stream k-mers as they are read. KAnalyze can process large datasets with 2 GB of memory. This project is implemented in Java 7, and the command line interface (CLI) is designed to integrate into pipelines written in any language. Results: As a k-mer counter, KAnalyze outperforms Jellyfish, DSK and a pipeline built on Perl and Linux utilities. Through extensive unit and system testing, we have verified that KAnalyze produces the correct k-mer counts over multiple datasets and k-mer sizes. Availability and implementation: KAnalyze is available on SourceForge: https://sourceforge.net/projects/kanalyze/ Contact: ude.hcetag.ygoloib@grebnnav.kirderf Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Thermal properties of BaTiO3/Ag composites at different temperatures

Abstract This study examines the thermal properties, i.e. thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity, of active composites comprising of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and silver (Ag). BaTiO3/Ag composites with varying silver composition were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was measured within −50 to 250 °C temperature range using thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure the specific heat of the composites at a constant pressure within −50 to 200 °C temperature range, while, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were measured by HotDisk technique. The effect of silver content on various thermal properties was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental results were also compared with some available experimental data from literature. As for the numerical investigations, 2-D and 3-D micromechanical models were constructed from realistic and randomly generated microstructures in order to predict the effective CTE and thermal conductivity of the composite, and investigate the local field fluctuations. The micromechanical models were implemented in finite elements. The effects of loading direction, porosity, particle shape and dispersion, and material properties of constituents were also studied. Numerical results for 2-D micromechanical models and 3-D generated microstructural models were compared to the experimental data.
Rodrigo's Twelfth Chronicle: The Problem of the Shanty

My alter ego Rodrigo and I discuss deep-seated poverty of the type found in dirt-poor colonias or shantytowns located along the Texas border with Mexico. Many of the houses there lack basic amenities such as water or sewers, which would appear to violate basic norms of health and safety. Yet these settlements are located in unincorporated areas far from major cities, so are largely beyond the power of local authority to regulate. Moreover, regulation, even if it were possible, might drive up the cost of building so high as to price the residents out of the only form of shelter they can afford. Since no solution is readily available within the current liberal paradigm, the two discuss radical measures including disruptive activism and decisive intervention by distant rulers applying minimal human standards and making sure that the region meets them for all who live there.
Collective Field Theory for Quantum Hall States

We develop a collective field theory for fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states. We show that in the leading approximation for a large number of particles, the properties of Laughlin states are captured by a Gaussian free field theory with a background charge. Gradient corrections to the Gaussian field theory arise from the covariant ultraviolet regularization of the theory, which produces the gravitational anomaly. These corrections are described by a theory closely related to the Liouville theory of quantum gravity. The field theory simplifies the computation of correlation functions in FQH states and makes manifest the effect of quantum anomalies.
Notch1 Signaling Regulates the Aggressiveness of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Inhibits SERPINE1 Expression

Purpose: Notch1, a transmembrane receptor, has been recently shown to aid in the determination of thyroid cell fate associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of Notch1 and its role in the regulation of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) behavior. Experimental Design: We examined Notch1 expression level and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and outcomes of DTC. Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) was further characterized both in vitro and in vivo by gain-of-function assays using an inducible system. Results: Notch1 expression levels were downregulated in primary DTC tissue samples compared with contralateral nontumor and benign thyroid tissues. Decreased Notch1 expression in DTC was associated with advanced patient age (P = 0.032) and the presence of extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.005). Patients with lower Notch1 expression had a significantly higher recurrence rate (P = 0.038). Restoration of NICD in a stably doxycycline-inducible metastatic DTC cell line reduced cell growth and migration profoundly. Using an orthotopic thyroid cancer model, NICD induction significantly reduced the growth of the primary thyroid tumor and inhibited the development of lung metastasis. Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 (SERPINE1) was discovered by microarray as the most significant gene downregulated by NICD. Further validation showed that the induction of NICD reduced SERPINE1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, whereas restoration of a relative higher level of SERPINE1 was observed with NICD back to minimal level. In addition, SERPINE1 knock-down inhibited DTC cell migration. Conclusions: Notch1 regulates the aggressive phenotypes of DTC, which could be mediated by SERPINE1 inhibition. Notch1/SERPINE1 axis warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic target for advanced DTC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3582–92. ©2016 AACR.
TRIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM REDUCTION BY UTERINE TISSUE OF RATS.

SummaryAn in vitro use of TTC reduction by uterine tissue in the female rat has been studied. Estrogen administration to spayed females results in levels of TTC reduction proportionate to the log-dose of estradiol. The level of TTC reduction fluctuates during the estrous cycle, being highest at proestrus and lowest on day 1 postestrus.
Magnetic and Structural Properties of Granular Iron-Silicon Dioxide Thin Films

Fe-SiO2 granular films were produced by co-sputtering from separate Fe and SiO2 targets. Films deposited on silicon nitride membranes were thin enough to observe directly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coercive force (Hc) was strongly dependent on temperature and volume fraction of Fe as observed in previous investigations, but with lower Hc. Two features of the films with low Fe concentrations were remarkable. The hysteresis loops show high remanence, and the room temperature TEM images show stable domain structure and ripple patterns. This behavior is inconsistent with a model of non-percolating, non-interacting superparamagnetic Fe grains.
Understanding the interactions between oxygen vacancies at SrTiO 3 (001) surfaces

We examine the role of neutral divacancies on the electronic and atomic structure at ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (001) surfaces using a density functional theory + $U$ approach. Our results show that the interactions between divacancies are significantly less repulsive at the SrO-terminated surface (0.05 eV) than at the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$-terminated one (0.38 eV), mainly due to the increased electrostatic screening at the ionic SrO layer compared to the covalently bonded ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ layer. The interaction energies are a nonmonotonic function of distance, with the fourth-nearest-neighbor oxygen-oxygen divacancy showing a significantly reduced repulsion at 0 K on the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$-terminated surface where the defects are in the equatorial oxygen plane. This enhanced reduction in the repulsive interaction is a consequence of the much larger reduction in local symmetry relative to other divacancy arrangements arising from strong coupling with in-plane octahedral distortions. On the SrO-terminated surface, due to increased electrostatic screening, the interaction energy begins to decrease beyond the third-nearest neighbor. On both surfaces, the reduced repulsion (0.05 and 0.38 eV) should permit oxygen vacancy ordering at finite temperatures. Finally, we discuss the emergence of a two-dimensional electron gas due to oxygen divacancies at both the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$- and SrO-terminated ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (001) surfaces and contrast them with the case of a single oxygen vacancy. Neutral oxygen vacancies on the SrO termination lead to more electron localization than on the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ surface. These results suggest an explanation for the local ordering observed in experiment, thereby highlighting the importance of ordering both for enhanced conductivity and carrier densities at oxide surfaces and at heterostructure interfaces.
Progress towards the 2012 measles elimination goal in Japan

The WHO Western Pacific Regional Office including Japan sets 2012 as the target year of the measles elimination. Japan notified "National Measles Elimination Plan in December 2007" aiming at being eliminate measles from the country by 2012. In 2009, total 741 cases (5.80 per 1,000,000 population) were reported (as of January 7, 2010). It was a remarkable decrease compared with 11,015 cases in 2008. However, the vaccination rate as of the end of 2008 fiscal year (the end of March) doesn't reach 95%. The first vaccination rate was 94%, and the second vaccinations for age groups of 5-6 years, 12-13 years and 17-18 years were 92%, 85%, and 77%, respectively. To prevent the spread of measles and eliminate in Japan, the whole nation recognizes that measles is a serious illness related to the life, and the department of the public health, the education, the medical units, and the research laboratories make an effort aiming at the goal for measles elimination is necessary.
The Prospects for Turkish – Chinese Bilateral and Multilateral Security Cooperation

Using a paradigm of five interrelated variables the paper examines the opportunities and challenges for security cooperation between Turkey, a predominantly Muslim society, and China, a society still dominated by the Communist Party. The five variables consist of military capabilities, economic capabilities, essential natural resources, ethnic and religious tolerance, and political legitimacy. The paradigm demonstrates that their interests help to promote security cooperation between Turkey and China, but also lead to strains in their relations along every variable. Both states are concerned about separatist groups but the Turkish public and some politicians are supportive of the Uighurs. Trade is growing but is unbalanced. They compete for energy sources but cooperate on development of alternative energy. Each of the variables in turn affects the political legitimacy of both regimes. Despite these instances of divergence in their national interests, Turkey and China can make policy choices that would strengthen their security relationship.
Trollope’s Conservatism

Trollope’s conservatism was deep-seated, lifelong, and all-embracing. It was both a temperamental and a political conservatism, governing his perspectives on social conduct and embodying attitudes, often dogmatically and always clearly stated, on many of the issues of his day. I shall discuss the latter last: that is, his feelings about such questions as women and the new feminism, the emergence of the Jews in English society, and the position and condition of black men and women in the British Empire. The point, however, that I wish to make here is a more general one. Trollope is not simply, as he has often been taken to be,1 the “normal” voice of the mid-Victorian middle class. He stands to the right of standard Victorian views on many issues — views that were, as we know, often conservative enough. Trollope’s is not the voice of the middle-of-the-road “advanced conservative liberal,”2 as he would have us believe, but rather that of the true conservative — and, in some cases, of the reactionary.
The Notion of Relevance in Information Science: Everybody knows what relevance is. But, what is it really?

Abstract Everybody knows what relevance is. It is a "ya'know" notion, concept, idea–no need to explain whatsoever. Searching for relevant information using information technology (IT) became a ubiquitous activity in contemporary information society. Relevant information means information that pertains to the matter or problem at hand—it is directly connected with effective communication. The purpose of this book is to trace the evolution and with it the history of thinking and research on relevance in information science and related fields from the human point of view. The objective is to synthesize what we have learned about relevance in several decades of investigation about the notion in information science. This book deals with how people deal with relevance—it does not cover how systems deal with relevance; it does not deal with algorithms. Spurred by advances in information retrieval (IR) and information systems of various kinds in handling of relevance, a number of basic questions are raised: But w...
Nrf2, a Critical Regulator of Oxidative Stress, Is Required for HSC Function and Cytokine Response.

Abstract 1492 Poster Board I-515 Previous studies have established an important role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the function and life-span of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to ROS and detoxification pathways implicated in chemoresistance, however, its role in normal stem cells is unknown. We analyzed Nrf2 null mice and found increased total bone marrow cellularity, cKit + Sca1 + Lin − (KSL) stem-progenitor cells, and long-term quiescent HSC (CD34 − KSL) compared to wild type mice (p Nrf2 wt and Nrf2 null resulted in a five-fold decrease in peripheral blood chimerism from Nrf2 null derived cells at 16 weeks (15% wild type vs. 3% null, p basal ROS levels were not elevated in Nrf2 null HSC. However, Nrf2 null bone marrow cells demonstrated increased sensitivity to induced oxidative stress and in vitro treatment with H 2 O 2 resulted in a 2 fold decrease in colony formation in methylcellulose. We also examined the in vivo sensitivity of Nrf2 null cells to oxidative stress by irradiating (400 rads) stably chimeric mice 20 weeks following transplantation with either Nrf2 wt or Nrf2 null HSC. Mice receiving Nrf2 null HSC demonstrated a 50% decrease in peripheral blood chimerism at 4 months following radiation compared to no change in Nrf2 wt recipients (p Nrf2 wt and Nrf2 null mice revealed down regulation of the G-CSF cytokine receptor in Nrf2 null HSC and suggested that defective cytokine signaling may contribute to the HSC dysfunction seen in Nrf2 null bone marrow cells. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to rescue the function of Nrf2 null HSC by treating mice with exogenous G-CSF. Nrf2 wt and Nrf2 null mice were treated with one week of daily G-CSF and then HSC were harvested and transplanted. In contrast to the defects in engraftment of untreated Nrf2 null HSC, there was no significant difference in peripheral blood chimerism following transplantation of G-CSF treated Nrf2 wt or Nrf2 null HSC, thus demonstrating that G-CSF treatment could rescue the HSC defect in mutant mice. In conclusion, the Nrf2 transcription factor appears to be a novel and essential regulator of normal HSC function through the modulation of oxidative stress response and cytokine signaling. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Geometry, mass balance and thinning at Eklutna Glacier, Alaska: an altitude-mass-balance feedback with implications for water resources

We analyzed glacier surface elevations (1957, 2010 and 2015) and surface mass-balance measurements (2008–2015) on the 30 km 2 Eklutna Glacier, in the Chugach Mountains of southcentral Alaska. The geodetic mass balances from 1957 to 2010 and 2010 to 2015 are −0.52 ± 0.46 and −0.74 ± 0.10 m w.e. a −1 , respectively. The glaciological mass balance of −0.73 m w.e. a −1 from 2010 to 2015 is indistinguishable from the geodetic value. Even after accounting for loss of firn in the accumulation zone, we found most of the mass loss over both time periods was from a broad, low-slope basin that includes much of the accumulation zone of the main branch. Ice-equivalent surface elevation changes in the basin were −1.0 ± 0.8 m a −1 from 1957 to 2010, and −0.6 ± 0.1 m a −1 from 2010 to 2015, shifting the glacier hypsometry downward and resulting in more negative mass balances: an altitude-mass-balance feedback. Net mass loss from Eklutna Glacier accounts for 7 ± 1% of the average inflow to Eklutna Reservoir, which is entirely used for water and power by Anchorage, Alaska's largest city. If the altitude-mass-balance feedback continues, this ‘deglaciation discharge dividend’ is likely to increase over the short-term before it eventually decreases due to diminishing glacier area.
Dual colorimetric and fluorogenic probes for visualizing tyrosine phosphatase activity

Two resorufin-based substrates for protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity have been synthesized. These substrates provide sensitive fluorogenic readouts of PTP activity in vitro and in living cells at both acidic and neutral pH. In addition, the presence of the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was detected visually using a colorimetric readout.
Patterns of Knowledge Construction.

The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge construction patterns in a local learning community. Observation, documents, and semistructured interviews were employed to collect data. Twenty ...
A Review of Survival Analysis

Survival analyses have been developed extensively over the past 50 years. The fundamental challenge lies in the incomplete observation of failure times due to censoring. Another layer of complication which arises frequently in epidemiological studies or econometric researches is the selection bias reduced by left truncation in additional to right censoring.
qSOFA score: Predictive validity in Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections

Abstract Purpose To determine whether the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) retains predictive validity in patients with Enterobacteriaceae sepsis that all received appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. Materials and methods Retrospective cohort at Barnes-Jewish Hospital including individuals with Enterobacteriaceae sepsis receiving appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy between 6/2009–12/2013. Outcomes were compared according to qSOFA score and sepsis classification. Results We identified 510 patients with Enterobacteriaceae sepsis; 67 (13.1%) died. Mortality was higher in patients with qSOFA scores of 2 or 3 than those with scores of 0 or 1 (13.3% and 42.4% versus 5.1% and 1.8%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, altered mental status (AMS) alone or qSOFA score ≥ 2 were both predictors of mortality with odds ratios of 8.01 and 5.39, respectively. Regardless of sepsis severity, non-survivors were significantly more likely to have AMS than survivors. Sepsis severity, qSOFA, and AMS had comparable predictive validity for mortality. Conclusions Our results support qSOFA score, AMS, and sepsis severity as acceptable bedside tools for prognostication during initial clinical assessment in patients with sepsis. qSOFA retained its predictive validity in this cohort, suggesting that appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is not an effect modifier for mortality when using qSOFA for prognostication.
Pd-Catalyzed Ortho C–H Hydroxylation of Benzaldehydes Using a Transient Directing Group

The direct Pd-catalyzed ortho C–H hydroxylation of benzaldehydes was achieved using 4-chloroanthranilic acid as the transient directing group, 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridnium triflate as the bystanding oxidant, and p-toluenesulfonic acid as the putative oxygen nucleophile. The unusual C–H chlorination and polyfluoroalkoxylation reactions signaled the importance of external nucleophiles to the outcome of Pd(IV) reductive eliminations.
The Regenerative Altruism of Hepatocytes and Cholangiocytes

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell and recently in Nature, Deng et al. (2018) and Schaub et al. (2018) (respectively) demonstrate that following acute liver injury, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes restore liver mass and function. When proliferative capacity of either cell type is impaired, the other cell type will transdifferentiate to restore full regeneration and hepatic histology.
An Efficient Multiprocessor Management System for Event-Parallel Computing

Performance of software using TCP/IP sockets to distribute events to UNIX workstations is described. This simple software was written at the University of Mississippi to control UMiss farm reconstruction of 8 billion raw events, part of Fermilab E791's data. E791 reconstructed HEP's largest data set to study charm physics.
The role of MSIAC in supporting modeling and simulation

This paper presents the roles and missions of the Modeling and Simulation Information Analysis Center (MSIAC), an organization that has provided over ten years of quality support to the DoD modeling and simulation (M&S) community. Under its charter as an integrated support activity for the use, employment, and sustainment of M&S, the MSIAC has helped ensure that M&S capabilities resident across the DoD, within U. S. industry supporting DoD, and in academia are visible and available for re-use. The MSIAC also educates and trains a superior M&S workforce to innovate, evaluate, and apply these M&S capabilities.The MSIAC supports the efficient and effective development, maintenance, and application of M&S through coordinating efforts at the scientific, technical, and operational support levels. This paper concentrates on four areas of coordination that underpin MSIAC technical success: the MSIAC help desk, MSIAC databases, MSIAC outreach, and MSIAC technical area tasks. These rely upon the MSIAC's understanding of the M&S community, its understanding of the M&S community's needs, its understanding of M&S technology and solutions, and its comprehensive M&S knowledge base. By combining its sustaining processes with its strong military operations and warfighter experience, the MSIAC is ensuring that it will continue to provide effective support to the M&S community.
Six-month safety evaluation of robenacoxib tablets (Onsior™) in dogs after daily oral administrations

Robenacoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug available for canine and feline use for the control of pain and inflammation marketed as Onsior™. The aim of this target animal safety study was to evaluate the 6-month safety profile of oral robenacoxib administration. It was a randomized, negative-controlled, parallel group study. Thirty-two healthy, young, experimentally naive, purebred Beagle dogs were administered 0 (sham control, Group 1), 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg robenacoxib (corresponding to the upper end of the dosage range [1X, Group 2] and multiples thereof [3X and 5X, Group 3 and 4]), orally once daily for 6 months. Assessment of safety included general health and clinical observations, physical, neurological, ophthalmological and electrocardiographic examinations, gross and histopathological examinations and clinical pathology evaluations. Blood samples were collected for toxicokinetic assessment of robenacoxib. No serious adverse events were reported. When compared with control, no treatment effect was observed for body weight, feed or water consumption, clinical pathology, urinalysis and fecal examination parameters. There were no treatment-related changes in stifle joint tissues and microscopic/histopathology examinations of all tissues/organs were normal. Salivation and soft feces were noted in all groups but observed more frequently in the treated groups as compared with control. On Day 178, increased buccal mucosal bleeding times were observed in two treated animals (Group 3 and 4) and one dog in Group 4 displayed a retinal change. Decreased hopping and conscious proprioception was noted in four treated dogs. One dog in Group 2 had ventricular premature complexes. Post-mortem changes included mild, red foci on the cecum in one dog (Group 3) and minimal duodenal discoloration in one dog (Group 4), with no corresponding histological findings in either dog. Ovarian weights were decreased in females from Group 3 and 4 with no gross or histological changes in the ovaries. Blood concentrations of robenacoxib confirmed systemic exposure of treated dogs. Exposure increased with increasing doses and there were no accumulation of robenacoxib in blood. Robenacoxib was well tolerated at doses from 2 to 10 mg/kg/day and this 6-month study supports the safe use of Onsior™ (robenacoxib) tablets in dogs for the intended dosing regimen.
Maintaining an Active Research Agenda While Teaching Full Time at a Community College: Institutional Support for Course Release is Key

Maintaining an active research agenda while teaching full-time at a community college can be daunting, but with institutional support for scholarly research by way of course release it is possible....
Propuesta de sistema de costeo para la toma de decisiones en la venta de jugadores profesionales formados en un club de fútbol de primera división de la Quinta Región

El presente articulo expone que ante la falta de mecanismos que logren medir de manera fiable el valor de las negociaciones llevadas por los clubes de futbol en la venta de jugadores, surge la inquietud de proponer un modelo que se convierta en una herramienta util a la hora de tomar decisiones, tanto para los directivos de un club de futbol profesional como para los intermediarios que se relacionen en la venta. Es asi, que a traves de la recopilacion de informacion, tanto en la bibliografia de sistemas de valorizacion y costo y la obtencion de datos reales de clubes nacionales e internacionales, se estudio el funcionamiento de los mercados del futbol, realizando un contraste de variables que afectan las negociaciones llevadas por lo clubes en la venta de jugadores formados en las ligas inferiores, como tambien los actuales mecanismos que son utilizados para concretar las negociones de jugadores. Finalmente, se concreto la propuesta del modelo de valorizacion obteniendo un sistema que mide los costos que invierte el club en la formacion de jugadores, asi como tambien la utilizacion de variables del rendimiento de un jugador especifico para encontrar un valor de mercado, el cual oscila entre el intervalo “costo de inversion” y “valor de mercado”. Todo lo cual ayuda a obtener una vision del valor del jugador en una posible venta, dejando al margen la subjetividad en la negociacion respectiva
Giant Sequoia—Forest, Monument, or Park?: Political-Legal Mandates and Socio-Ecological Complexity Shaping Landscape-Level Management

Giant sequoia are endemic to the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, confined to approximately seventy groves spared from 19th century timber harvests. While nearly half of these groves were afford...
Sniffing Out Cognitive Decline in Patients with and without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit.

Abstract Background Depletion of dopamine is a major neuropathological feature of Parkinson’s disease; however, 15% of patients with parkinsonian motor symptoms have neuroimaging evidence of intact dopaminergic function. Recent work has demonstrated that such patients without dopaminergic deficit are at a greater risk of cognitive impairment yet have intact olfaction relative to parkinsonian patients with dopaminergic deficit. Objectives Given the high discriminatory power of olfaction assessments in movement disorders, the current study sought to determine whether olfaction dysfunction differentially predicted cognitive decline in patients with or without dopaminergic deficit. Methods Data were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative. The total sample included 401 patients with and 51 patients without dopaminergic deficit, based on neuroimaging scans, and 175 healthy controls. Participants were categorized into non-impaired or impaired olfaction groups based on performance on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Participants were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment twice (baseline and two-year follow-up), and change scores were calculated to examine changes in cognition over time. Results Within the impaired olfaction groups, participants without dopaminergic deficit had lower cognitive scores than participants with dopaminergic deficit and healthy controls at baseline. Group differences were not significant at follow-up; rather, impaired baseline olfaction predicted cognitive decline across all study participants. Conclusions Future studies are needed to assess whether the profile of motor and non-motor symptoms in patients without dopaminergic deficit, including olfaction, are deserving of their own syndrome, or whether individual patients may fit better under alternative, existing diagnoses.