cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High resolution rotational spectra of formamide

Abstract Hyperfine structure on the 1 01 → 0 00 and 5 14 → 5 15 rotational transitions in NH 2 CHO was measured using a molecular beam maser spectrometer with 8 kHz resolution. The nitrogen quadrupole coupling tensor in the principal inertial axis system was determined. The values are eQq aa = 1960 ± 2 kHz; eQq bb = 1888 ± 3 kHz and eQq cc = −3848 ± 4 kHz. Accurate values for the center frequencies for the rotational transitions were found to be 21 207 432 kHz for the 1 01 → 0 00 transition and 23 081 205 kHz for the 5 14 → 5 15 transition. One of the nitrogen spin-rotation parameters was also determined: C (5 14 ) – C (5 15 ) = 1.2 ± 0.6 kHz.
Unexpected asymptotic behavior in random sequential adsorption of nonspherical particles

The random sequential adsorption of ellipses on a uniform flat surface is studied using simulation methods. Contrary to expectations, the usual asymptotic law for the coverage versus time: \ensuremath{\Theta}(\ensuremath{\infty})-\ensuremath{\Theta}(t)=${\mathrm{kt}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}p}$, with p=(1/2 is not obeyed. The long-time behavior is still well described by a power law. However, the effective parameter p is always less than (1/2 and decreases as the elongation of the ellipse increases: It is close to (1/3 for weakly elongated ellipses, while it approaches (1/4 for a system of ellipses with axial ratio 5.
Thermal grooving at the interface between alumina and monazite

Abstract Interfaces of Al2O3 (sapphire) and LaPO4 (La-monazite) have been separated by fracture to reveal boundary grooving effects analogous to surface grooves that develop at high temperature on a polycrystalline body wherever a grain boundary intersects the surface. Atomic force microscope measurements are used to form images from matching sides of a separated interface and to compare groove profiles with the solution of Mullins.
ICAM-2 expression mediates a membrane-actin link, confers a nonmetastatic phenotype and reflects favorable tumor stage or histology in neuroblastoma

The actin cytoskeleton is a primary determinant of tumor cell motility and metastatic potential. Motility and metastasis are thought to be regulated, in large part, by the interaction of membrane proteins with cytoplasmic linker proteins and of these linker proteins, in turn, with actin. However, complete membrane-to-actin linkages have been difficult to identify. We used co-immunoprecipitation and competitive peptide assays to show that intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2)/α-actinin/actin may comprise such a linkage in neuroblastoma cells. ICAM-2 expression limited the motility of these cells and redistributed actin fibers in vitro, and suppressed development of disseminated tumors in an in vivo model of metastatic neuroblastoma. Consistent with these observations, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated ICAM-2 expression in primary neuroblastoma tumors exhibiting features that are associated with limited metastatic disease and more favorable clinical outcome. In neuroblastoma cell lines, ICAM-2 expression did not affect AKT activation, tumorigenic potential or chemosensitivity, as has been reported for some types of transfected cells. The observed ICAM-2-mediated suppression of metastatic phenotype is a novel function for this protein, and the interaction of ICAM-2/α-actinin/actin represents the first complete membrane-linker protein-actin linkage to impact tumor cell motility in vitro and metastatic potential in an in vivo model. Current work focuses on identifying specific protein domains critical to the regulation of neuroblastoma cell motility and metastasis and on determining if these domains represent exploitable therapeutic targets.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults: clinical features and response to tricyclic antidepressants.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults: clinical features and response to tricyclic antidepressants
Empirical method of moments and its applications

In many cases, methods of estimating a vector of parameters are well-developed, but for some reason such as evaluating the precision of the estimators knowledge about an additional vector of parameters is needed. In this paper, we propose a method, which we call empirical method of moments, for estimating such additional parameters. The method proposed here has the following good features: First, it is a simple method, and often results in closed-form expressions of the estimators. Second, it relies on weak distributional assumptions, such as moment conditions. Third, it leads to consistent estimators. The method is applied to various fields, including generalized linear models, time series, analysis of longitudinal data, and mixed linear models. In the latter case a simulation is considered.
Effect of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid on serum cholesterol in the elderly

The effect of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid (PHM) when used as a laxative and/or stool softener on serum cholesterol concentrations was examined in 176 ambulatory elderly participants attending a health screening program. The change in one-year serum cholesterol concentration in subjects using PHM was compared with the change in cholesterol in 741 participants who did not report the use of PHM. Serum cholesterol concentration decreased by 0.073 mmol/liter (2.82 mg/dl) in the treatment group compared with a decrease of 0.036 mmol/liter (1.39 mg/dl) in the control group. After adjusting for confounding factors, excluding psyllium dose, by using a multiple regression model there was no significant difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration (P=0.935). PHM dosage information was available for 158 participants. After adjusting for baseline serum cholesterol and confounding factors using multiple regression analysis, it was found that the dose of PHM administered was significantly correlated with the change in serum cholesterol (P=0.0120). For every 1-g increase in daily PHM dose there was a 0.022 mmol/liter (0.84 mg/dl) decrease in serum cholesterol concentration.
Safety and acceptability of the Reality condom for anal sex among men who have sex with men.

Objectives: To assess safety and acceptability of Reality™ condoms for anal sex among men who have sex with men. Methods: Crossover study among HIV-seroconcordant (33 HIV-negative and 5 HIV-positive) monogamous male couples randomized to latex male and Reality condom use with anal sex. Results: Slippage with removal was reported more frequently with Reality than male latex condoms [odds ratio (OR) 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–5.8 for receptive partners and OR 34.1; 95% CI 13.8–84.1 for insertive partners]. Receptive partners more frequently reported pain or discomfort (OR 5.0; 95% CI 2.6–9.4) and rectal bleeding (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.9–4.1) with Reality condoms than male condoms. Over 20% reported willingness to use the Reality condom in the future with a partner of unknown HIV status; willingness was associated with past problems with male condoms and no problems with Reality condoms among receptive partners and with past use of Reality condoms and HIV seropositivity among insertive partners. Conclusions: Men reported more frequent problems with Reality condoms than male latex condoms used for anal intercourse particularly slippage discomfort and rectal bleeding. Design modifications training and research on the clinical significance of safety outcomes are needed for use of Reality condoms with anal sex. (authors)
Pore size effects on Ru/SiO2 catalysts with Mn and Zr promoters for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Abstract The effects of pore size on Ru/SiO 2 catalyst performance were investigated for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis under the conditions of 503 K, 20 bar and 1800 h − 1 . Ru/SiO 2 with 10 nm pore size catalyst showed higher catalytic activity than Ru/SiO 2 catalysts with 3, 6 and 30 nm pore sizes. The 10 nm pore size, Ru/SiO 2 catalyst exhibited uniform pore diameter, an increased surface concentration of active Ru metals, and the increased dispersion of Ru on the surface compared to the other pore diameters. Deactivation was clearly observed for all Ru/SiO 2 catalysts during the reaction. The addition of small amounts of Zr and Mn (1:30, Zr or Mn:Si) improved catalytic activity and stability for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The deactivation rate of Ru/Zr/Q10 was about 21% at 51 h time on stream and this rate was much lower than Ru/Q10 (57%). Ru/Mn/Q10 showed higher catalytic activity than Ru/Q10 and Ru/Zr/Q10, and its deactivation rate was much lower ~ 9% after 51 h time on stream. The small amount of Mn added to the Ru/SiO 2 increased the concentration of active Ru metals and enhanced their dispersion on the support surface.
Minimal parametric sensitivity trajectories for nonlinear systems

Trajectory optimization techniques can be used to minimize error norms on both state and controls with respect to a reference. However, without sufficient control authority, resulting controllers can be sensitive to variations in model parameters. This paper presents a method to incorporate parametric sensitivity in optimal control calculations to develop optimally insensitive trajectories which can be better tracked under open loop and limited gain feedback conditions. As it builds on existing nonlinear optimal control theory, the approach can be easily implemented and applies to a variety of system types. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated using a simplified vehicle model. Controllers developed are capable of tracking highly aggressive and dynamically infeasible paths while minimizing sensitivity to variations in modeled friction.
Erratum: Botulinum toxin type a therapy during pregnancy. Mov Disord 2004;19(11):1384–1385

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Movement Disorders (2004) 19(11)1384–1385.
Analysis of complex mixtures of phospholipid classes from cell membranes using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and scanning laser densitometry

Increasing recognition of the important roles served by membrane phospholipids in cellular metabolic and signal transduction processes has stimulated interest in examining potential phospholipid abnormalities in patients with psychiatric disorders. This report describes a method, based on several novel modifications of existing techniques, for concurrently analyzing nanomolar amounts of nine phospholipid classes in a single aliquot of membrane extract. With this method, diverse phospholipid classes are first separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and then determined using two-dimensional scanning laser densitometry. The method is able to quantitate even small amounts of specific phospholipid classes, corresponding to < 10 ng of lipid phosphorus. The sensitivity of this method allows it to be readily applied to clinical studies involving membranes from cell types that are obtainable only in small quantities.
Note on Solution for Scattering from Parallel Wires in an Interface

The currents induced in parallel wires in an interface are deduced for an incident plane wave with the electric vector parallel to the wires. The results are expressed in terms of the modified Bessel function K1 of generally complex argument.
Green citrus detection using fast Fourier transform (FFT) leakage

Detection of immature green citrus fruit is important during the early life cycle of citrus fruit. It allows growers to manage citrus groves more efficiently and maximize yields by identifying expected fruit yields well in advance before harvesting. It also helps the growers prepare harvesting equipment and pickers for the harvesting operation. A novel technique was developed for detecting immature green citrus fruit from an outdoor color image and counting number of fruits. This technique is unique in that it is the first known attempt towards exploring it on green citrus fruits. A set of 71 images containing immature green citrus fruit was acquired in an experimental citrus grove at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. An algorithm was developed using a set of 11 training images by calculating the fast Fourier transform leakage values for fruit and leaves. A threshold value was obtained by comparing the percent leakage of fruit and other objects. The algorithm was tested on a set of 60 validation images. The correct total fruit count for a validation set came out to be 120, whereas the actual number of fruit was 146. The overall correct detection rate was 82.2 %. The proposed algorithm can be further improved to help growers manage their grove more efficiently.
Purine nucleotide excretion by Escherichia coli in the presence of streptomycin.

In the presence of a bactericidal concentration of streptomycin E. coli cells excrete considerable amounts of material with an absorption maximum at 260 mμ. The material has been separated chromatographically into two fractions. These have been identified by chromatographic and spectral properties, enzymic hydroysis, and analyses for pentose and phosphate, as 5′-adenylic acid and 5′-guanylic acid. During the first hour of treatment there is no extensive breakdown or synthesis of nucleic acid in the cells. The excreted nucleotides are formed de novo, at a rate that approximates their normal rate of synthesis by growing cells.
Increasing awareness of computer science in high school girls

The "Girls on the Go: The Mobile Computing College Experience" is a residential summer camp whose aim is to encourage female high school students to attend college, to consider computer science as viable major, and to pursue computing related degrees. The camp content is designed primarily around a user-centered design process, with the students gaining experience in the development of a zoo-themed mobile app. In addition to technical experience, students participate in sessions that educate them on campus life, the admissions process, and more importantly, what a computing-related career may hold for them. The camp was offered in two consecutive summers, with approximately 20 participants in each iteration. In this paper, we compare differences between the two iterations with the intent of identifying both lessons learned and avenues for improving the experience. We investigate whether the camp had an effect on attitudes towards computer science as a major, and on the careers available to computer science graduates. To this end, our analysis revealed a statistically significant effect upon raising awareness of the role of computer scientists and the relevancy of computing for solving real world problems.
Thermodynamic measurements and predictions of the adsorption of short-chain peptides on nanothin polymer films.

This contribution describes experimental measurements of submolecular-level interaction energies involved in the process of peptide adsorption on polymer films. The objective of this study was to use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy to measure the Gibbs energy change on adsorption (ΔGad) for pairs of various homopeptides on highly uniform, nanothin polymer films and to use these data, along with the principle of additivity, to predict ΔGad for homologous homopeptides, as well as for a mixed-residue peptide. By using a graft polymerization methodology, a nanothin poly(2-vinylpyridine) film was prepared and adsorption energies were measured first for a homologous series of tyrosine (Y) homopeptides on this film to determine submolecular-level interaction energies. By using SPR, adsorption isotherms were measured for YY and YYY peptides; analysis of these isotherms provided ΔGad data for a midchain tyrosine unit and a set of chain-end tyrosine units; values were −0.75 ± 0.07 kcal/mol and −2.12 ± ...
Tuning of sol-gel derived PZT MEMS resonators

This paper demonstrates the tunability of resonant frequencies for MEMS piezoelectric resonators acting in the d33 mode by experiment and theoretical analysis. Thin-film MEMS beams made by sol–gel PZT processing are first fabricated and tested to investigate the tuning capability. The three-layered interdigitated-electrode trapezoidal beams are then modeled by finite element analysis for validation. Beam curl and undercutting are also examined to present an alternative way of finding the stress gradient in comparison to Stoney's formula. The experimental and analytical results indicate that piezoelectric MEMS resonators have the ability to passively tune their resonant frequencies between open-circuit and short-circuit frequencies. Tuning of 0.2–0.6% is demonstrated experimentally, which compares with finite element predictions of 1.02–1.08%. Consideration is given to the reason for the differences in experimental percentages versus those predicted numerically, including the use of bulk PZT values in the ANSYS simulations, the undercut and curling effects of fabrication, and the low percentage of piezoelectric poling in the length direction.
TOP‐LEVEL STRUCTURE OF EXPOSITION: DO BEGINNING COLLEGE STUDENTS REALLY USE IT?

Drawing on the rhetorical theory of Frank D'Angelo and others and on the discourse structure analysis techniques of Bonnie Meyer and others, this study was based on a notion of the top‐level structure of exposition as a hierarchy of main ideas represented by a thesis and paragraph topic sentences. The study attempted to add to the body of knowledge about college readers by asking the question, “Do entering college freshmen at a western state university use top‐level structure as an organizing strategy for exposition?” Strategy use was measured in four specific contexts: producing, reading, recalling, and verbalizing. Data were gathered using a writing task, a macro‐cloze task, a free recall task, and a questionnaire. Results led to the conclusion that it appears that this sample of entering college freshmen do not use the top‐level structure strategy.
Electron-microscopic examination of the binding of a large RNA polymerase III transcription factor to a tRNA gene.

Abstract A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III transcription factor was previously shown to bind stably to tRNA genes. This transcription factor has been further purified on the basis of its large size and its binding to a S. cerevisiae tRNA3Leu gene has been examined by electron microscopy. Site-specific binding of the factor to the tRNA3Leu gene sharply bends the DNA.
Diffraction Managed Solitons with Zero Mean Diffraction

The problem of existence of soliton solutions in a diffraction managed NLS is considered in the case of zero mean diffraction. Existence of localized breather solutions for the averaged equation is shown using Ekeland’s variational principle in the corresponding minimization of the Hamiltonian procedure. The corresponding minimizer is shown to be spatially well-localized and orbitally stable.
Vibrotactile actuators: Effect of load and body site on performance

The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize the dynamics of two types of actuator used in vibrotactile displays: a linear resonant actuator and a C2 tactor. Of particular interest was to determine how much the inputs delivered by these actuators changed under varying load conditions and when they were mounted at different locations on the body. When on a rigid surface the force gain frequency response functions of the two tactors were found to be very similar, although the C2 tactor generated considerably higher forces. When the dynamics of the C2 tactor were measured on the skin, there was a substantial decrease in the displacement of the skin with load. When the two tactors were compared under the same loading conditions, the displacement produced by the LRA on the skin was an order of magnitude less than that of the C2 tactor. The resonant frequency of the LRA did vary with the site on the body to which it was attached, which appeared to be related to the stiffness and damping of the underlying skin. These studies indicate the importance of characterizing the properties of actuators used in tactile displays and of controlling how tactors are attached to the skin.
Trauma and emergency surgery: an evolutionary direction for trauma surgeons.

Background: The success of nonoperative management of injuries has diminished the operative experience of trauma surgeons. To enhance operative experience, our trauma surgeons began caring for all general surgery emergencies. Our objective was to characterize and compare the experience of our trauma surgeons with that of our general surgeons. Methods: We reviewed records to determine case diversity, complexity, time of operation, need for intensive care unit care, and payor mix for patients treated by the trauma and emergency surgery (TES) surgeons and elective practice general surgery (ELEC) surgeons over a 1-year period. Results: TES and ELEC surgeons performed 253 ± 83 and 234 ± 40 operations per surgeon, respectively (p = 0.59). TES surgeons admitted more patients and performed more after-hours operations than their ELEC colleagues. Both groups had a mix of cases that was diverse and complex. Conclusion: Combining the care of patients with trauma and general surgery emergencies resulted in a breadth and scope of practice for TES surgeons that compared well with that of ELEC surgeons.
Localized plasmon assisted structured illumination microscopy for wide-field high-speed dispersion-independent super resolution imaging

A new super resolution imaging method, i.e. Localized Plasmon assisted Structured Illumination Microscopy (LPSIM), is proposed. LPSIM uses an array of localized plasmonic antennas to provide dynamically tunable near-field excitations resulting in finely structured illumination patterns, independent of any propagating surface plasmon dispersion limitations. The illumination pattern feature sizes are limited only by the antenna geometry, and a far-field image resolved far beyond the diffraction limit is obtained. This approach maintains a wide field of view and the capacity for a high frame-rate. The recovered images for various classes of objects are presented, demonstrating a significant resolution improvement over existing methods.
Two‐exciton spectroscopy of photosynthetic antenna complexes: Collective oscillator analysis

The linear and third‐order polarizabilities of the light‐harvesting antennae of photosynthetic bacteria and green plants are calculated using an equation of motion approach which maps the system onto a coupled set of anharmonic excitonic oscillators. The oscillator representation is shown to have several advantages over the traditional picture based on properties of individual global eigenstates of the aggregate; besides a considerable reduction of computational effort, the dynamics of excitations in the two‐exciton band is conveniently analyzed in terms of single‐exciton Green’s functions and the two‐exciton scattering matrix.
BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS INFECTION IN WHITE-FOOTED MICE: PREDICTING PATTERNS OF INFECTION FROM LANDSCAPE HABITAT ATTRIBUTES

There is a growing body of evidence that habitat fragmentation resulting from anthropogenic land use can alter the transmission dynamics of infectious disease. Baylisascaris procyonis, a parasitic roundworm with the ability to cause fatal central nervous system disease in many mammals, including humans, is a zoonotic threat, and research suggests that parasite recruitment rates by intermediate hosts are highly variable among forest patches in fragmented landscapes. During 2008, we sampled 353 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) from 22 forest patches distributed throughout a fragmented agricultural ecosystem to determine the influence of landscape-level habitat attributes on infection rates of B. procyonis in mice. We characterized each mouse in terms of infection status and intensity of infection, and calculated (on a patch-wide basis) prevalence, mean abundance of B. procyonis, and mean intensity of infection. We used an information-theoretic approach to develop a suite of candidate models characterizing the influence of landscape attributes on each of our measured characteristics of B. procyonis infection in white-footed mice, based on previous knowledge of raccoon (Procyon lotor) ecology and B. procyonis distribution in agricultural ecosystems. We observed evidence of B. procyonis infection in mice across all 22 habitat patches sampled. However, parasite recruitment rates and intensity were highly variable among patches, and the results of our analyses suggest that spatial variability in B. procyonis infections was primarily driven by emergent properties of fragmented ecosystems. In particular, prevalence, abundance, and intensity of B. procyonis infections in mice were negatively associated with the size and connectivity of forest patches. These results support previous studies indicating that habitat fragmentation can alter the transmission dynamics of infectious disease, and suggest that factors below the scale of landscape, i.e., fine-scale habitat structure or demographic and behavioral attributes of intermediate and/or definitive hosts, also may be important for predicting patterns of B. procyonis infection in intermediate hosts.
Recognition of Blurred Images Using Multilayer Neural Network Based on Multi-valued Neurons

In this paper, we consider a problem of blurred image recognition using a multilayer neural network based on multi-valued neurons (MLMVN). Recognition of blurred images is a challenging problem because it is difficult or even impossible to find any relevant space of features for solving this problem in the spatial domain. The first crucial point of our approach is the use of the frequency domain as a feature space. Since Fourier phase spectrum of a blurred image remains almost unaffected, at least in the low frequency part, it is possible to use phases corresponding to the lowest frequencies as features for recognition. To preserve the physical nature of phase, it is very important to use a machine learning tool for its analysis that treats the phase properly. MLMVN is based on multi-valued neurons whose inputs and output are located on the unit circle and are determined exactly by phase. This approach makes it possible to recognize even heavily blurred images. Our solution works even for images so degraded they cannot be recognized using traditional image recognition techniques, furthermore, even visually
Behavioral Consequences of Exposure to Uncontrollable and Unpredictable Noise1

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate behavioral consequences of exposure to high-intensity predictable and unpredictable noise, under conditions where subjects believed or did not believe they had control over noise termination. Subjects were a group of men and women, averaging 50 years of age, who had lived in an urban environment for most of their lives. Results showed that the work of adapting to uncontrollable, in contrast to controllable noise, produced greater performance impairments following termination of the noise. Predictable noise had minimal effects on postadaptive performance, even though subjects could not control its offset. Comparisons of these data with previous findings reported by the authors indicated that people living in urban settings for long periods of time show essentially the same negative consequences of noise adaptation as those living in cities for shorter durations.
NEGATIVE AFFECT AND HINDSIGHT BIAS

The relationship between hindsight bias and individual differences in negative affect, or ‘dysphoria’, was investigated in a naturalistic study. In a first session, 76 undergraduates predicted their grades prior to a midterm exam. In a second session, after having received feedback from the exam, they attempted to recall their predictions and predicted their grades on a second exam. Dysphoria was associated with hindsight bias whether initial predictions were overly optimistic or pessimistic. In the former case, the standard hindsight bias was modal for the sample, whereas a ‘reverse hindsight’ bias was modal in the latter. This asymmetry suggests that hindsight bias is influenced by motivational or affective factors. The bias did not hinder the improvement of predictions between the first and second exams, and therefore could not have mediated a hypothesized adaptive learning impairment among dysphoric subjects.
EXDAMS: extendable debugging and monitoring system

With the advent of the higher-level algebraic languages, the computer industry expected to be relieved of the detailed programming required at the assembly-language level. This expectation has largely been realized. Many systems are now being built in higher-level languages (most notably MULTICS).
Visual-Vestibular Habituation and Balance Training for Motion Sickness

Background and Purpose. This case report describes physical therapy for motion sickness in a 34-year-old woman. The purpose of the report is twofold: (1) to provide an overview of the literature regarding motion sickness syndrome, causal factors, and rationale for treatment and (2) to describe the evaluation and treatment of a patient with motion sickness. Case Description and Outcomes. The patient initially had moderate to severe visually induced motion sickness, which affected her functional abilities and prevented her from working. Following 10 weeks of a primarily home-based program of visual-vestibular habituation and balance training, her symptoms were alleviated and she could resume all work-related activities. Discussion. Although motion sickness affects nearly one third of all people who travel by land, sea, or air, little documentation exists regarding prevention or management.
Technical note: a transparent template system for positioning independent radiation-therapy shielding blocks

To assist the radiation therapist/technologist with setting up patients for radiation therapy treatments, a set of accessories has been developed for placing a transparent template of the treatment-field border in the light-field of a radiation teletherapy unit. These accessories permit the efficient, accurate, and reproducible manual placement of independent lead-shielding blocks. Software has been developed to print templates on standard transparency sheets using a laser printer. A transparent template holder slides into the wedge slot of the teletherapy unit. The template holder features 2 alignment pegs to assure rapid, accurate, and reproducible placement of the template. A specially-developed hole-punch is used to cut, in the template, alignment holes that fit snugly over the pegs of the template holder. This system currently supports Siemens MX and KD units and the Theratronics Theratron 780C Co unit, as well as the Helax TMS block file format.
Transport theory of metallic B 20 helimagnets

$B20$ compounds are a class of cubic helimagnets harboring nontrivial spin textures such as spin helices and skyrmions. It has been well understood that the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction is the origin of these textures, and the physics behind the DM interaction is the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). However, the SOC shows its effect not only on the spins but also on the electrons. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of the SOC on the electron and spin transports in $B20$ compounds. An effective Hamiltonian is presented from symmetry analysis, and the spin-orbit coupling therein shows anomalous behaviors in anisotropic magnetoresistance and helical resistance. New effects such as an inverse spin-galvanic effect are proposed, and the origin of the DM interaction is discussed.
Vibrating wire and flipping coil magnetic measurement of a CESR-c 7-pole wiggler magnet

To increase radiation damping at 1.8 GeV beam energy 12 super-conducting wiggler magnets will be installed in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The first 7-pole wiggler has been manufactured, tested and installed in the ring. This paper describes the wiggler magnetic measurement using flipping coil and vibrating wire techniques. The field integrals along straight lines were measured with flipping coil, vibrating wire technique was used to measure both, straight line field integrals and field integrals along wiggling lines reproducing beam trajectories.
An Empirical Analysis of an Alternative Configuration of the Academic Motivation Scale.

The purpose of this study was to examine an alternative configuration of the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), a psychometric instrument used as a measure of academic motivation in various academic environments. The analyses utilised data from a convenience sample of 2354 business students, broken into two random subsamples of 1177 cases. Exploratory factor analysis of the 28 AMS scale items was conducted on the estimation sample. The results indicated good model fit for a four-factor configuration consisting of amotivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation as indicated by factor loadings, as well as internal consistency and reliability statistics. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the holdout sample to independently assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the item loadings on the reconfigured scale. Results indicated good model fit for the four-factor configuration and a significant loss of fit for competing three- and one-factor models. Th...
Systematic review of surgical treatment techniques for adult and pediatric patients with pectus excavatum

This compares outcome measures of current pectus excavatum (PEx) treatments, namely the Nuss and Ravitch procedures, in pediatric and adult patients. Original investigations that stratified PEx patients based on current treatment and age (pediatric = 0–21; adult 17–99) were considered for inclusion. Outcome measures were: operation duration, analgesia duration, blood loss, length of stay (LOS), outcome ratings, complications, and percentage requiring reoperations. Adult implant patients (18.8%) had higher reoperation rates than adult Nuss or Ravitch patients (5.3% and 3.3% respectively). Adult Nuss patients had longer LOS (7.3 days), more strut/bar displacement (6.1%), and more epidural analgesia (3 days) than adult Ravitch patients (2.9 days, 0%, 0 days). Excluding pectus bar and strut displacements, pediatric and adult Nuss patients tended to have higher complication rates (pediatric - 38%; adult - 21%) compared to pediatric and adult Ravitch patients (12.5%; 8%). Pediatric Ravitch patients clearly had more strut displacements than adult Ravitch patients (0% and 6.4% respectively). These results suggest significantly better results in common PEx surgical repair techniques (i.e. Nuss and Ravitch) than uncommon techniques (i.e. Implants and Robicsek). The results suggest slightly better outcomes in pediatric Nuss procedure patients as compared with all other groups. We recommend that symptomatic pediatric patients with uncomplicated PEx receive the Nuss procedure. We suggest that adult patients receive the Nuss or Ravitch procedure, even though the long-term complication rates of the adult Nuss procedure require more investigation.
Unveiling Escape and Capture Rates of Aquatic Snakes and Salamanders (Siren spp. and Amphiuma means) in Commercial Funnel Traps

Aquatic funnel trapping with commercially available minnow traps has proven effective for sampling several aquatic snake species. However, the efficacy of this technique for sampling snakes has received little controlled evaluation. We investigated the ability of aquatic snakes to escape from three funnel trap varieties (cylindrical steel, cylindrical plastic, and rectangular collapsible nylon mesh). We found that when intentionally released into traps, the majority (74%) of snakes escaped within 24 hours. Snakes escaped most frequently from collapsible traps, and of the species tested, Seminatrix pygaea escaped most frequently. We found significant differences in capture rates among trap types for S. pygaea, Farancia abacura (both captured most in plastic traps), and Nerodiafasciata (captured most in steel traps). Additionally, as we captured many large aquatic salamanders (Siren spp. and Amphiuma means), we also report trapping efficacies of the funnel traps for these amphibians.
A first look at dust lifting and dust storms near the south pole of Mars with a mesoscale model

Surface wind stresses and dust lifting in the south polar region of Mars are examined with a three-dimensional numerical model. The focus of this study is the middle to late southern spring period when cap-edge dust lifting events are observed. Mesoscale model simulations of high southern latitudes are conducted at three dates within this season (L_s = 225°, 255°, and 310°). Assuming that dust injection is related to the saltation of sand-sized grains or aggregates, the Mars MM5 mesoscale model predicts surface wind stresses of sufficient strength to initiate movement of sand-sized particles (∼100 μm), and hence dust lifting, during all three periods. The availability of dust and/or sand-sized particles is not addressed within this study. Instead, the degree to which the existence of sufficiently strong winds limit dust injection is examined. By eliminating forcing elements from the model, the important dynamical modes generating high wind stresses are isolated. The direct cap-edge thermal contrast (and topographic slopes in some locations) provides the primary drive for high surface wind stresses at the cap edge, while sublimation flow is not found to be particularly important, at these three dates. Simulations in which dust is injected into the lowest model layer when wind stresses exceed a threshold show similar patterns of atmospheric dust to those seen in recent observations. Comparison between these simulations and those without active dust injection shows no signs of consistent positive or negative feedback due to dust clouds on the surface wind stress fields during the late spring season examined here.
Decision trees for error concealment in video decoding

When macroblocks are lost in an MPEG decoder, the decoder can try to conceal the error by estimating or interpolating the missing area. Many different methods for this type of concealment have been proposed, operating in the spatial, frequency, or temporal domains, or some hybrid combination of them. We show how the use of a decision tree that can adaptively choose among several different error concealment methods can outperform each single method. We also propose two promising new methods for temporal error concealment.
Equations of state for silicon inversion layers

The accuracy of a generalized diffusion-drift description known as density-gradient theory for modeling the quantized inversion layer on [100] Si is studied in detail by comparing its results with corresponding Schrodinger-Poisson calculations. A key element of density-gradient theory is the equation of state used to model the response of the electron gas. A variety of such equations are considered including new approaches for modeling the lifting of the conduction band valley degeneracy and for representing exchange-correlation effects. On the whole, the theory does remarkably well over a wide range of biases, oxide thicknesses, and doping concentrations. For shallow wells and for simulating the density deep inside the semiconductor density-gradient theory actually outperforms the quantum mechanical approach unless the latter includes large numbers of subbands. When comparing with experiment, neither theory works that well in a predictive sense because of uncertainties in the treatment of the oxide and of the gate.
Agriscience Teachers' Implementation of Digital Game-based Learning in an Introductory Animal Science Course

In today’s technological age, visions for technology integration in the classroom continue to be explored and examined. Digital game-based learning is one way to purposefully integrate technology while maintaining a focus on learning objectives. This case study sought to understand agriscience teachers’ experiences implementing digital game-based learning in an introductory animal science course. From interviews with agriscience teachers on their experiences with the game, three themes emerged: (1) the constraints of inadequate and inappropriate technologies, and time to game implementation; (2) the shift in teacher and student roles necessitated by implementing the game; and (3) the inherent competitive nature of learning through the game. Based on these findings, we recommend that pre-service and in-service professional development opportunities be developed for teachers to learn how to implement digital game-based learning effectively. Additionally, with the potential for simulations that address cross-cutting concepts in the next generation science standards, digital game-based learning should be explored in various science teaching and learning contexts.
The Transitional Justice Social Movement

This paper will analyze transitional justice through the lens of social movement theory. It will assess the ways in which political opportunity structures and internal organizational dynamics shape the agenda of the movement, and how these external forces and internal dynamics affect the use of truth commissionas as a strategy for social change.
Chapter 11 – Membrane Biogenesis

New membrane lipid is synthesized and inserted into existing membrane. For eukaryotes, this occurs predominantly on the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzymes for the last steps of synthesis are located at the endoplasmic reticulum. This leads to a transient expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is followed by transport of newly synthesized lipids to the intended target membranes. Transmembrane asymmetry must be established and maintained. Appropriately different membrane lipid compositions must be established and maintained. Most membrane proteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum. Signal sequences emerging as part of new membrane proteins from the ribosome target the ribosome to the endoplasmic reticulum. The translocon, with associated proteins, in the endoplasmic reticulum can engage in cotranslational biosynthesis of the new membrane protein. In this process, the new membrane protein is both inserted and the polypeptide chain elongated in a concerted process. Although many of the necessary components of this process have been identified, details of the mechanism remain elusive.
Ventricular Tachycardia Following Surgical Repair of Complex Congenital Heart Disease

A nine year old boy with complex congenital heart disease requiring right ventricular outflow tract surgery and palpitations had inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia at 300 bpm by programmed ventricular stimulation. He was treated with enteral phenytoin. With a therapeutic plasma level, repeat electrophysiological study was negative for inducible ventricular tachycardia using an aggressive pacing protocol. An insertable loop recorder was implanted, and the family was prescribed an automatic external defibrillator. The decision to not place an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was based upon anticipated need for serial cardiac MRI scans to monitor the effect of progressive outflow tract stenosis and regurgitation.
The intrinsic value of HFO features as a biomarker of epileptic activity

High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker of epileptic brain tissue and activity. HFOs additionally serve as a prototypical example of challenges in the analysis of discrete events in high-temporal resolution, intracranial EEG data. Two primary challenges are 1) dimensionality reduction, and 2) assessing feasibility of classification. Dimensionality reduction assumes that the data lie on a manifold with dimension less than that of the features space. However, previous HFO analysis have assumed a linear manifold, global across time, space (i.e. recording electrode/channel), and individual patients. Instead, we assess both a) whether linear methods are appropriate and b) the consistency of the manifold across time, space, and patients. We also estimate bounds on the Bayes classification error to quantify the distinction between two classes of HFOs (those occurring during seizures and those occurring due to other processes). This analysis provides the foundation for future clinical use of HFO features and guides the analysis for other discrete events, such as individual action potentials or multi-unit activity.
Identification of Genes That Modulate Susceptibility to Formaldehyde and Imatinib by Functional Genomic Screening in Human Haploid KBM7 Cells

Though current functional genomic screening systems are useful for investigating human susceptibility to chemical toxicity, they have limitations. Well-established, high-throughput yeast mutant screens identify only evolutionarily conserved processes. RNA interference can be applied in human cells but is limited by incomplete gene knockout and off-target effects. Human haploid cell screening is advantageous as it requires knockdown of only a single copy of each gene. A human haploid cell mutant library (KBM7-Mu), derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient, was recently developed and has been used to identify genes that modulate sensitivity to infectious agents and pharmaceutical drugs. Here, we sought to improve the KBM7-Mu screening process to enable efficient screening of environmental chemicals. We developed a semi-solid medium based screening approach that cultures individual mutant colonies from chemically resistant cells, faster (by 2-3 weeks) and with less labor than the original liquid medium-based approach. As proof of principle, we identified genetic mutants that confer resistance to the carcinogen formaldehyde (FA, 12 genes, 18 hits) and the CML chemotherapeutic agent imatinib (6 genes, 13 hits). Validation experiments conducted on KBM7 mutants lacking each of the 18 genes confirmed resistance of 6 FA mutants (CTC1, FCRLA, GOT1, LPR5, M1AP, and MAP2K5) and 1 imatinib-resistant mutant (LYRM9). Despite the improvements to the method, it remains technically challenging to limit false positive findings. Nonetheless, our findings demonstrate the broad applicability of this optimized haploid approach to screen toxic chemicals to identify novel susceptibility genes and gain insight into potential mechanisms of toxicity.
VISUALIZATION OF TORNADO

Tornado is still not well understood and a mysterious natural phenomenon in spite of numerous past investigations. It has been extremely hard to visualize tornado and difficult to measure it by real-time scientific observation.
Extractable Common Randomness From Gaussian Trees: Topological and Algebraic Perspectives

In this paper, we study both topological and algebraic properties of unrooted Gaussian trees in order to characterize their security performance. Such performance is measured by the corresponding potential in extracting common randomness from a given tree, which is further determined by max–min and min–max conditional mutual information (CMI) values, subject to the order of selecting variables from the tree by legitimate nodes Alice and Bob, and an eavesdropper Eve, respectively. A new operation is proposed to transform a Gaussian tree into another, and also to order different Gaussian trees. Through such operation we construct several equivalent classes of Gaussian trees. Each class includes multiple Gaussian trees that can be partially ordered based on the associated max–min or min–max CMI metric, and thus, we can find the most secure and the least secure trees in each partially ordered set (poset). The union of all posets generates all possible non-isomorphic trees of the given number of variables. Then, we assign a particular polynomial to each Gaussian tree, and show that such polynomial can determine the relative security performance of the Gaussian tree with respect to other trees within the same class. In the end, based on a generalized integer partition method, we propose a novel approach to efficiently enumerate the most secure structures of all posets.