cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Low-Level Circulation Features in the Vicinity of Mountain Ranges

Abstract The local influence of mountains upon large- and synoptic-scale low-level atmospheric circulations is investigated in this study. The sea-level pressure associated with low-frequency fluctuations exhibit phase propagation of monopolar structures around mountains in an anticyclonic sense, while the corresponding 500 mb height patterns are relatively stationary and evolve in a manner consistent with the concept of Rossby wave dispersion on a sphere. The sea-level pressure patterns in the high-pass filtered data exhibit characteristics of synoptic-scale baroclinic waves and are steered around mountain ranges in an anticyclonic sense, while the corresponding 500 mb height patterns propagate nearly parallel to the time-mean flow in the middle troposphere. It is hypothesized that the phase propagation of lower tropospheric circulation patterns is a reflection of the conservation of potential vorticity in flows over variable terrain. Most of the observations presented in this study are interpreted as th...
BRAUER PAIRS OF VZ-GROUPS

Two non-isomorphic finite groups form a Brauer pair if there exist a bijection for the conjugacy classes and a bijection for the irreducible characters that preserve all the character values and the power map. A group is called a VZ-group if all its nonlinear irreducible characters vanish off the center. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two non-isomorphic VZ-groups to form a Brauer pair.
New chemistry based on reduction of homobinuclear bis(μ-phosphido) metal complexes

Studies are reported on the chemical reduction of the homobinuclear bis(μ-phosphido) metal complexes (CO)3Fe(μ-PR2)2F︹e(CO)3 (R = Ph or Me), (NO)2-Fe(μ-PPh2)2F︹e(NO)2 and (CO)4M(μ-PPh2)2M︹(CO)4 (M = Mo or W). Two reduction pathways have been observed which result in different two-electron transformations: (1) with Na or LiAlH4, electron transfer to yield the corresponding symmetric dianions of the type LnM(μ-PR2)2MLn2− without metalmetal bond and (2) with M′BR′3H(M′ = Li, Na, or K; R′ = Et or sec-Bu), hydride transfer to give monoanionic complexes of the type LnM(μ-PR2)(μ-L)M︹Ln−1(PR2H)− or LnM(μ-PR2)M︹Ln(PR2H)− (M = Fe, Mo, or W; L = CO or NO; R = Ph or Me). The monoanionic complexes can be deprotonated with n-BuLi at −78 °C to the corresponding unsymmetric dianions LnM(μ-PR2)(μ-L)M︹Ln−1(PR2)2− (M = Fe; L = CO or NO; R = Ph) or symmetric dianions LnM(μ-PR2)2MLn2− (M = Mo or W; L = CO; R = Ph). The unsymmetric dianions isomerize on slight warming to the symmetric dianions, which undergo protonation by CF3COOH to yield the aforementioned monoanions. Reactions of several members of these three classes of binuclear anions with CF3COOH, alkylating reagents, 1,1-diiodohydrocarbons and metal diiodo complexes have resulted in the synthesis of new binuclear and trinuclear compounds. Examples include (CO)3(H)Fe(μ-PPh2)Fe︹(CO)3(PPH2H), (CO)3Fe(μ-PPh2)(μ-C(R)O)Fe︹(CO)2(PPh2R) (R = Me, Et, n-Pr, or i-Pr), (CO)4M(μ-PPh2)2M︹(CO)3(C(R)Ome) (M = Mo or W; R = Me or Ph), (CO)2(η3−C3H5)Fe(μ−PPh2)−F︹e(CO)3(PPh2C3H5), (CO)4M(μ−PPh2)2M︹(CO)3(C(R)Ome), (NO)2Fe(μ−CH2)(μ−Ph2PPPh2)Fe︹(NO)2, and Fe2Co(η5-C5H5)(CO)(NO)4(μ-PPh2)2. Synthetic and mechanistic studies on these reactions are presented.
Integrating Survey and Ethnographic Methods For Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis

This paper describes how the salience of research findings can be enhanced by combining survey and ethnographic methods to draw insights from anomalous cases. Using examples from a research project examining the influence of religion on childbearing preferences in Nepal, the author illustrates how survey data can facilitate the selection of ethnographic informants and how semistructured interviews with these deviant cases leads to improved theory, measures, and methods. A systematic sample of 28 informants, whose family size preferences were much larger than a multivariate regression model predicted, were selected from the survey respondent pool for observation and in-depth interviews. The intent was to explore relationships between religion and fertility preferences that may not have been captured in the initial multivariate survey data analyses. Following intensive fieldwork, the author revised theories about religion's influence, coded new measures from the existing survey data, and added these to surv...
Unstable Air-Sea Interactions in the Tropics

Abstract During El Nino Southern Oscillation events modest anomalies amplify spatially and temporally until the entire tropical Pacific Ocean and the global atmospheric circulation are affected. Unstable interactions between the ocean and atmosphere could cause this amplification when the release of latent heat by the ocean affects the atmosphere in such a manner that the altered surface winds induce the further release of latent heat. Coupled shallow water models are used to simulate this instability which is modulated by the seasonal movements of the atmospheric convergence zones.
Nurturing interdisciplinary research.

The research in biology has been transformed by the products of interdisciplinary research. Here we explore why it is challenging for universities to bring biologists together with engineers, physicists and computer scientists for productive collaboration, and we evaluate alternative solutions. In particular, we describe how the new Janelia Farm Research Campus of Howard Hughes Medical Institute aims to provide a home for creative scientists from different disciplines to attack major biomedical research problems.
Synergistic activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by YC-1 and carbon monoxide: implications for the role of cleavage of the iron-histidine bond during activation by nitric oxide.

Abstract Background: Nitric oxide (·NO) is used in biology as both an intercellular signaling agent and a cytotoxic agent. In signaling, submicromolar quantities of ·NO stimulate the soluble isoform of guanylate cyclase (sGC) in the receptor cell. ·NO increases the V max of this heterodimeric hemoprotein up to 400-fold by interacting with the heme moiety of sGC to form a 5-coordinate complex. Carbon monoxide (CO) binds to the heme to form a 6-coordinate complex, but onry activates the enzyme 5-fold. YC-1 is a recently discovered compound that relaxes vascular smooth muscle by stimulating sGC. Results: In the presence of YC-1, CO activates sGC to the same specific activity as attained with ·NO. YC-1 did not affect the NO-stimulated activity. The on-rate (k on ) and off-rate (k off ) of CO for binding to sGC in the presence of YC-1 were determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Neither the k on nor the k off varied from values previously obtained in the absence of YC-1, indicating that YC-1 has no effect on the affinity of CO for the heme. In the presence of YC-1, the visible spectrum of the sGC-CO complex has a Soret peak at 423 nm, indicating the complex is 6-coordinate. Conclusions: YC-1 has no effect on the affinity of CO for the heme of sGC. In the presence of YC-1, maximal activation of sGC by CO is achieved by formation of a 6-coordinate complex between CO and the heme indicating that cleavage of the Fe-His bond is not required for maximal activation of sGC.
Modulation of herbicide-binding by the redox state of Q400, an endogenous component of Photosystem II

Preincubation of isolated chloroplasts with ferricyanide, prior to addition of DCMU, unmasks a high-potential electron acceptor (Q400) in Photosystem II that acts as an additional quencher and prolongs the fluorescence induction curve in the presence of DCMU (Ikegami, I. and Katoh, S. (1973) Plant Cell Physiol. 14, 829–836). This study confirms that Q400 is endogenous to Photosystem II and is not a bound ferricyanide, and several new characteristics of this high potential acceptor are established. (a) It is accessible to ferricyanide even in the presence of DCMU. The rate of oxidation, however, is very slow, consistent with access only via QA. Accessibility may be enhanced by magnesium, reminiscent of the oxidation of Q−A by ferricyanide. (b) Oxidation of Q400 drastically suppresses the binding of DCMU at neutral and alkaline pH. Below pH 6, however, DCMU binding is essentially normal. The pH dependence of DCMU binding is consistent with the known pH dependence of the redox midpoint potential of Q400. (c) Binding of many other inhibitors of QA-to-QB electron transfer is much less affected or even completely unaffected. These results have implications for current notions of herbicide binding and may also bear on the origin of slow phases of fluorescence induction in the presence of DCMU.
Piperidine: vibrational assignment, conformational analysis, and chemical thermodynamic properties

Interpretation of the molecular spectra of piperidine with the aid of a molecular vibrational analysis showed that the molecule exists mostly in the equatorial conformation in the vapor state and exclusively so in the crystalline state. An energy difference of about 0.6 kcal mol−1 between the axial and equatorial conformations was found consistent with calorimetric data. A table of the chemical thermodynamic properties has been compiled.
Ionic Liquid Dual-Mode Spacecraft Propulsion Assessment

Analytical and numerical investigations of the performance of a series of potential dual-mode propulsion systems using ionic liquids are presented. A comparison of the predicted specific impulse of ionic liquids with hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine shows that ionic liquid fuels have a 3–12% lower specific impulse when paired with a nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer. However, when paired with hydroxylammonium nitrate oxidizer, the specific impulse of the ionic liquids is 1–4% lower than that of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine paired with nitrogen tetroxide. Analytical investigation of an electrospray electric propulsion system shows that ion extraction in the pure ion regime provides a very high specific impulse, outside the optimum range for potential missions. Results suggest a deceleration grid, a lower ion fraction, or emission of higher solvated states is required. Analysis of a dualmode ionic-liquid-propelled spacecraft shows that the electric propulsion component determines the overall feasibility comparedwith current technology. Results indicate that the specific power for an ionic liquid electrospray systemmust be at least 15 W=kg in order for a dual-mode ionic liquid system to compete with traditional hydrazine and Hall thruster technology.
Performance analysis of an integrated wireless network using WiMAX as backhaul support for WiFi traffic

We propose an analytic model using WiMAX as backhaul support for WiFi traffic and evaluate the system performance. One unique feature is that the WiFi traffic completely reflects the realistic user behavior. A WiFi user may be overflowed to its overlaid WiMAX cell when it is rejected at the WiFi cell; the WiFi user may also work for some time duration in the WiFi cell and then make a vertical handoff to its overlaid WiMAX cell when it needs to move from its current WiFi cell (e.g., office) to its target WiFi cell (e.g., airport). Further, the target WiFi cell may be located at another place in the same WiMAX cell, or at a different WiMAX cell. We use Markov processes to model the dynamics of the WiMAX traffic and WiFi traffic including the overflowed WiFi traffic, the vertical handoff WiFi traffic, the horizontal handoff WiFi traffic, and the take-back WiFi traffic. We derive various traffic arrival rates and performance metrics. Numerical results are provided for further quantitative evaluation.
Recent advances in pattern recognition using Fourier optics

This article addresses the development and progress in the rapidly growing area of optical pattern recognition. In optical pattern recognition there are two basic approaches; namely, matched filtering and associative memories. The first employs optical correlators and the later uses neural networks. This paper reviews various types of optical correlators and neural networks as applied to real-time optical pattern recognition for which some of the recent advances are included.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Low-energy tautomers and conformers of neutral and protonated arginine.

The relative stabilities of zwitterionic and canonical forms of neutral arginine and of its protonated derivative were studied by using ab initio electronic structure methods. Trial structures were first identified at the PM3 level of theory with use of a genetic algorithm to systematically vary geometrical parameters. Further geometry optimizations of these structures were performed at the MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory with basis sets of the 6-31++G** quality. The final energies were determined at the CCSD/6-31++G** level and corrected for thermal effects determined at the B3LYP level. Two new nonzwitterionic structures of the neutral were identified, and one of them is the lowest energy structure found so far. The five lowest energy structures of neutral arginine are all nonzwitterionic in nature and are clustered within a narrow energy range of 2.3 kcal/mol. The lowest energy zwitterion structure is less stable than the lowest nonzwitterion structure by 4.0 kcal/mol. For no level of theory is a zwitte...
Distributed sources for unconfined groundwater flow in a half-space

Abstract The exact solution to a problem of unconfined saturated flow of groundwater in a semi-infinite homogeneous and isotropic permeable medium is presented. The inflow and outflow occurs along an arbitrary number of segments of the phreatic surface. The inflow and outflow rates are constant along each segment but may vary from segment to segment. The solution is determined by conformal mapping techniques applying boundary integrals.
Rapid induction of Pavlovian approach to an ethanol-paired visual cue in mice.

Rationale Although many studies have shown Pavlovian conditioned approach to cues paired with natural reinforcers, it has been quite difficult to induce such behavior with drug reinforcers.
Adding value to the IT organization with the component business model

The current stage of information technology (IT) evolution focuses on moving from a technology-based to a services-based orientation. To that end, IT leadership has had to shift from focusing primarily on technological issues to learning to manage IT like a business, with IT services as the primary "product" produced and consumed by customers. The Component Business ModelTM for the Business of IT (CBMBolT) provides a powerful, flexible new perspective of IT as a means to assist with strategic decision making. The foundation of CBMBoIT is the IBM Process Reference Model for IT (PRM-IT), which describes the underlying process activity flows. This paper describes the Component Business Model and the PRM-IT and gives examples of IT environments in order to illustrate how using these models can aid executives in illuminating strategic options that may be overlooked using conventional atomistic approaches.
Pleurodesis with povidone-iodine for refractory chylothorax in newborns: Personal experience and literature review.

Abstract Introduction Refractory chylothorax is a severe clinical issue, particularly in neonates. Conventional primary approach is based on diet with medium-chain fatty acids and/or total parenteral nutrition. In nonresponders, proposed second line treatments include chemical or surgical pleurodesis, thoracic duct ligation, pleuroperitoneal shunting and pleurectomy but none of these have been shown to be superior to other in terms of resolution rate and safety. Our aim is to report our experience on povidone–iodine use for chemical pleurodesis in newborn infants with chylothorax unresponsive to conservative treatment. Our aim is to report our experience on povidone–iodine use for chemical pleurodesis in newborn infants with chylothorax unresponsive to conservative treatment. Methods Since 2013, povidone–iodine pleurodesis was attempted in all patients with persistent chylothorax who failed conservative treatment (no response to at least 10days of total parenteral nutrition and maximum dosage of intravenous octreotide). Pleurodesis consisted in the injection of 2ml/kg of a 4% povidone–iodine solution inside the pleural space, leaving the pleural tube clamped for the subsequent 4hours. Results Five patients were treated with chemical pleurodesis of persistent chylothorax. Four of 5 patients had their pleural effusion treated by one single povidone–iodine infusion. Median time for resolution was 4days. A patient with massive superior vena cava thrombosis did not benefit from pleurodesis. None of the patients experienced long term side effects of the treatment. Conclusion Our data suggest that povidone–iodine pleurodesis may be considered a safe and effective option to treat refractory chylothorax in newborns.
Antinociception induced by 3-((±)-2-car☐ypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) competitive antagonist, plus 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), a non-NMDA antagonist, differs from that induced by MK-801 plus DNQX

Abstract Excitatory amino acid receptors have been implicated in mediating pain. 3-((±)-2-Car☐ypiperazin4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), a competitive N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonist and MK-801, a phencyclidine (PCP) ligand and non-competitive NMDA antagonist, were injected intrathecally in mice alone or in combination with 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), a non-NMDA antagonist. When tested in the formalin model of pain, antinociception following CPP plus DNQX was greater than that after MK-801 plus DNQX in both the acute and tonic phases. These dissimilarities are not consistent with activity of CPP and MK-801 at the same sites in the spinal cord.
Motion from a sequence of images

We propose a method for the recovery of motion parameters of a rigid object moving through environment with constant but arbitrary linear and angular velocities. The method uses temporal information from a sequence of images such as those taken by a mobile robot. Spatial information contained in the images is also used. The temporal sequence, combined with the assumption of constant velocities, provides powerful constraints for the motion trajectory of rigid objects. We derive a closed form solution for the rigid object trajectory by integrating the differential equations describing the motion of a point on the tracked object. The integrated equations are non-linear only in angular velocity and are linear in all other motion parameters. These equations allow the use of a simple least-square error minimization criterion during an iterative search for the motion parameters. Experimental results demonstrate the power of our method in fast and reliable convergence.
Photoassisted Mbe: A New Approach To Substitutional Doping

Photoassisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), in which the substrate is illuminated during film growth, is being employed in a new approach to controlled substitutional doping of II-VI compound semiconductors. Substitutional doping of these materials has been a long standing problem which has severely limited their applications potential. The photoassisted MBE technique gives rise to dramatic changes in the electrical properties of as-grown epilayers. In particular, highly conducting n-type and p-type CdTe films have been grown using indium and antimony as n-type and p-type dopants, respectively. Double-crystal x-ray rocking curve data indicate that the doped epilayers are of high structural quality. Successful n-type doping of CdMnTe, a dilute magnetic semiconductor, with indium has also been achieved. Most recently, the photoassisted growth technique has been employed to prepare doped CdMnTe-CdTe quantum well structures and superlattices.
Withdrawal from morphine or amphetamine: different effects on dopamine in the ventral-medial striatum studied with microdialysis

The effect of withdrawal from chronic morphine or amphetamine treatment on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the ventral-medial striatum was studied by use of in vivo microdialysis. There was no effect of 24 h of amphetamine withdrawal on the basal concentration of DA in the ventral-medial striatum. Spontaneous morphine withdrawal (24 h) was associated with a significant decrease in the basal concentration of DA in dialysate, but following morphine replacement and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal variations in withdrawal symptoms were not related to variations in the concentration of DA in dialysate. It is suggested that: (1) the correlation between the extracellular concentration of DA in the ventral-medial striatum and the symptoms of morphine withdrawal may not be indicative of a necessary, causal relationship; and (2) a decrease in the extracellular concentration of DA in the ventral-medial striatum is not a common feature of drug withdrawal syndromes.
Extrapulmonary effects of maintenance therapy with theophylline and inhaled albuterol in patients with chronic asthma

The extrapulmonary effects of slow-release theophylline and an inhaled beta 2-agonist (albuterol) were examined separately and in combination among 18 adults and adolescents with asthma during a 3-month randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Although neither global impressions nor daily diaries revealed differences in adverse effects, a structured questionnaire completed at the end of each regimen suggested a small but statistically significant increase in nausea and depressive and caffeine-like symptoms during the theophylline-containing regimens. Theophylline was also associated with improved verbal learning but decreased motor steadiness. Metabolic effects associated with theophylline included lower serum bicarbonate, greater urinary calcium excretion, and higher serum calcium, uric acid, and creatinine. Albuterol was associated with lower neutrophil counts and lower serum theophylline concentrations. There were no drug-induced effects on cardiac rhythm.
Common iliac vein stenosis: A risk factor for oral contraceptive-induced deep vein thrombosis

Objective The objective of the study was to determine whether women with significant left common iliac vein stenosis who also use combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have a combined likelihood of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) greater than each independent risk. Study Design This was a case-control study comparing 35 women with DVT against 35 age-matched controls. Common iliac vein diameters were measured from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Logistic regression modeling was used with adjustment for risk factors. Results DVT was associated with COC use ( P = .022) and with increasing degrees of common iliac vein stenosis ( P = .004). Compared with women without venous stenosis or COC use, the odds of DVT in women with a 70% venous stenosis who also use COCs was associated with a 17-fold increase ( P = .01). Conclusion Venous stenosis and COC use are independent risk factors for DVT. Women concurrently exposed to both have a multiplicative effect resulting in an increased risk of DVT. We recommend further studies to investigate this effect and its potential clinical implications.
The adjustment of stock prices to Wall Street journal corrections

Abstract This paper employs standard event study methodology to study the response of stock prices to relatively unanticipated events in the ‘Corrections and Amplifications’ section of the Wall Street Journal . Our results indicate that the market reaction to these corrections is statistically significant. We also find that the market fully adjusts to all new information on the day of the unanticipated Wall Street Journal correction. We find no discernible pattern of abnormal returns after the event day. The main implication of these findings is that researchers conducting event studies and using the Wall Street Journal Index for event dates, should screen their data for corrections.
Speech-Language Pathologists and Children with Sensory Impairments Personnel Preparation and Service Delivery Survey

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are frequently called to serve children with sensory impairments. Although a great deal of literature will support SLPs in providing services to children with he...
Response of tilapia yield and economics to varying rates of organic fertilization and season in two Central American countries.

The response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) yield to weekly applications of chicken litter at 125, 250, 500 or 1000 kg total solids (T.S.)/ha was determined in Honduras and Panama using a completely randomized design. Tilapia were stocked at 10 000/ha into 0.1-ha (Honduras) and 0.087-ha (Panama) earthen ponds. Each experiment, which lasted approximately 150 days, was performed during the rainy and dry season. Enterprise budgets were developed for each fertilization rate in each country. Gross yield of tilapia (y) increased significantly with chicken litter applications (x) in both countries, and was described by the model y=797.3+2.945x−0.001x2 (r2=0.775; n=48). Gross yields ranged from 827–2729 kg/ha in 147 days during the rainy season, and from 1145–2984 kg/ha in 150 days during the dry season. Maximum tilapia gross yields were achieved at 1000 kg T.S./ha week−1 chicken litter in both countries. In Honduras, rainy (1761 kg/ha in 152 days) and dry (1705 kg/ha in 150 days) season mean tilapia gross yields were similar (P=0.05). Dry season (2071 kg/ha in 149 days) mean tilapia gross yield in Panama was significantly greater (P<0.05) than rainy season mean gross yield (1683 kg/ha in 141 days). Rainy season climatic conditions in Panama probably contributed to the lower fish yields. Mean fish gross yield at the cooler, drier Honduras site (1733 kg/ha in 151 days), an upland valley located 580 m above sea level, and at the Panama site (1855 kg/ha in 145 days), a coastal plateau 100 m above sea level, was similar (P=0.05). Mean gross yields were similar in both countries for all but the highest fertilization rate, where the Panama mean yield was significantly greater. This difference was caused by site-specific factors other than nutrient input. The use of chicken litter as an organic fertilizer was profitable in both Honduras and Panama. Net returns to land, labor and management during the 5.5-month production cycle ranged from $ 642 to $ 1724/ha (Honduras) or from −$237 to $313/ha (Panama) for the low to high fertilization rates, respectively. Application of 1000 kg T.S./ha week−1 chicken litter yielded the greatest estimated profit in both countries.
Large refractive-index change in PbI 2 films by photolysis at 150–180 °C*

The refractive index of evaporated PbI2 films, in the red region of the visible spectrum, can be reduced up to 18% by exposure to 488 nm light at film temperatures of 150–180 °C. Absorption in the same region remains very small throughout the process, until a temperature-dependent exposure threshold is reached, then rises rapidly due to scattering by photolysis-produced Pb agglomerates. For exposures below this threshold, localized band-gap states and/or bounded-plasma effects in the small Pb agglomerates give rise to an absorption band at 520 < λ < 580 nm, which causes the large refractive-index change. The photolysis in the polycrystalline films is uniform through the film rather than concentrated near the free surface, as in single crystals.
Diode laser spectroscopy of the ν9 band of ethyl chloride

Abstract The vibration-rotation spectrum of the ν9 band of C2H5Cl was recorded using a Nicolet 7199 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer; the Q-branch, R(5)-R(6) multiplets, and P(21)-P(22) multiplets were investigated using a tunable semiconductor diode laser spectrometer. Constants derived from these assignments are (cm−1) ν9 = 973.8379(2), A9 = 1.039516(3), B9 = 0.183081(7), C9 = 0.164505(8). The line which coincides with the CO2 laser 10R(6), which has been employed in multiphoton dissociation studies, is tentatively assigned to the 203 18-213 19 transition. In addition, a very strong coincidence of transitions 199 11-199 10 and 199 10-199 11 with the CO2 10R(16) line is found, which can provide a good candidate for laser chemistry and infrared double resonance spectroscopy.
Talin and kindlin: the one-two punch in integrin activation

Abstract Proper cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts mediated by integrin adhesion receptors are important for development, immune response, hemostasis and wound healing. Integrins pass trans-membrane signals bidirectionally through their regulated affinities for extracellular ligands and intracellular signaling molecules. Such bidirectional signaling by integrins is enabled by the conformational changes that are often linked among extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Here, we review how talin-integrin and kindlin-integrin interactions, in cooperation with talin-lipid and kindlin-lipid interactions, regulate integrin affinities and how the progress in these areas helps us understand integrin-related diseases.
On homogeneous and self-dual algorithms for LCP

We present some generalizations of a homogeneous and self-dual linear programming (LP) algorithm to solving the monotone linear complementarity problem (LCP). Again, while it achieves the best known interior-point iteration complexity, the algorithm does not need to use any "big-M" number, and it detects LCP infeasibility by generating a certificate. To our knowledge, this is the first interior-point and infeasible-starting algorithm for the LCP with these desired features.
THRESHOLD FOR PRESSOR AND RENAL ISCHEMIC EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN.

Summary and conclusionsThe threshold dose for both the pressor effect and the renal ischemic effect of angiotensin was found to be, in the dog, 3 mμg/kg/min. It is deduced that angiotensin, if it is produced in sufficient quantity to raise the blood pressure, would aggravate, not benefit, a pre-existing renal ischemia.
Methadone‐Related Opioid Agonist Pharmacotherapy for Heroin Addiction: History, Recent Molecular and Neurochemical Research and Future in Mainstream Medicine

In 1963, Professor Vincent P. Dole at the Rockefeller University formed a small team to develop a pharmacotherapy for the management of heroin addiction. They hypothesized that heroin addiction is a disease of the brain with behavioral manifestations, and not merely a personality disorder or criminal behavior and began to address the specific question of whether a long-acting opioid agonist could be used in the long-term maintenance treatment of heroin addiction. Over the next 35 years, many studies documented the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of methadone pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction, but Federal regulations and stigmatization of heroin addiction prevented implementation of treatment. Finally, in 1999, NIH published a report unequivocally supporting methadone maintenance pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. Two other effective opioid agonist treatments have been developed: the even longer acting opioid agonist l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) has been approved for pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction, and still under study is the opioid partial agonist-antagonist buprenorphine-naloxone combination. A variety of studies, both laboratory based and clinical, have revealed the mechanisms of action of long-acting opioid agonists in treatment, including prevention of disruption of molecular, cellular and physiologic events and, in fact, allowing normalization of those functions disrupted by chronic heroin use. Recent molecular biological studies have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene; the mu opioid receptor is the site of action of heroin, the major opiate drug of abuse, analgesic agents such as morphine, and the major treatment agents for heroin addiction. These findings support the early hypotheses of our laboratory that addiction may be due to a combination of genetic, drug-induced and environmental (including behavioral) factors and also, that atypical stress responsivity may contribute to the acquisition and persistence of, as well as relapse to, use of addictive drugs.
Using RE-AIM to Evaluate Implementation of an Evidence-Based Program: A Case Example From Minnesota

The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the implementation experience of 14 organizations in Minnesota over 4 years as they adopted an evidence-based intervention for spousal caregivers. Purpose: To examine the implementation experience and describe sustainability issues. Methods: Mixed-methods using data from qualitative interviews, cost data, and caregiver experience data. Findings: Although the intervention was valued, most organizations were not able to continue providing the program. Conclusion: The results indicate a need for further translation or technical support to identify readiness and prepare the interventionist to offer the program, more robust recruitment methods, and additional funding strategies.
Analysis of cat retina for dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and homovanillic acid.

Twenty retinas from 10 cats were evaluted for dopamine (DA) and its metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and homovanillic acid (HVA) by high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Dopamine was present in all 20 retinas at a mean concentration of 3.00±0.54 ng/mg protein. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-MT and HVA were detected in 16, 14 and 9 retinas respectively.
Large-Scale Motion in the Venus Stratosphere

To examine a postulate that the horizontal momentum exchanges in the Venusian stratosphere are quasi-nondivergent, the properties of two-dimensional turbulence on a slowly rotating sphere in a high-resolution, one-level numerical model are investigated. It is concluded that the forcing which maintains the stratospheric flow is weak and influences the dynamics far less than the inertial effects. Consequently, the behavior resembles that of vorticity-conserving, two-dimensional flows. On a slowly rotating planet like Venus, such flows are dominated by solid-body rotation and by a planetary wave of unit zonal wavenumber - this wave corresponds to the observed Y-shaped UV feature. Although these largest scales of motion stand out, the dynamic balances of the flow are fundamentally nonlinear, in contrast to the quasi-linear Rossby wave regime on rapidly rotating planets.
A methyl free radical source for use in surface studies

A methyl radical source has been developed for use in high vacuum. Methyl radicals are produced through azomethane pyrolysis in a tubular reactor located inside an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. Other gas products include nitrogen from azomethane pyrolysis, and methane, ethane plus hydrogen from the reactions of methyl radicals on the walls of the reactor. Methyl yields as high as 42% have been observed.
Tracking non-stationary dynamical system phase using multi-map and temporal self-organizing architecture

This paper presents a multi-map recurrent neural architecture, exhibiting self-organization to deal with the partial observations of the phase of some dynamical system. The architecture captures the dynamics of the system by building up a representation of its phases, coping with ambiguity when distinct phases provide identical observations. The architecture updates the resulted representation to adapt to changes in its dynamics due to self-organization property. Experiments illustrate the dynamics of the architecture when fulfilling this goal.
Regulation of β-phellandrene synthase gene expression, recombinant protein accumulation, and monoterpene hydrocarbons production in Synechocystis transformants.

Main conclusion Successful application of the photosynthesis-to-fuels approach requires a high product-to-biomass carbon-partitioning ratio. The work points to the limiting amounts of heterologous terpene synthase in cyanobacteria as a potential barrier in the yield of terpene hydrocarbons via photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria like Synechocystis sp. can be exploited as platforms in a photosynthesis-to-fuels process for the generation of terpene hydrocarbons. Successful application of this concept requires maximizing photosynthesis and attaining a high endogenous carbon partitioning toward the desirable product. The work addressed the question of the regulation of β-phellandrene synthase transgene expression in relation to product yield from the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway of cyanobacteria. The choice of strong alternative transcriptional and translational cis-regulatory elements and the choice of the Synechocystis genomic DNA loci for transgene insertion were investigated. Specifically, the β-phellandrene synthase transgene was expressed under the control of the endogenous psbA2 promoter, or under the control of the Ptrc promoter from Escherichia coli with the translation initiation region of highly expressed gene 10 from bacteriophage T7. These heterologous elements allowed for constitutive transgene expression. In addition, the β-phellandrene synthase construct was directed to replace the Synechocystiscpc operon, encoding the peripheral phycocyanin rods of the phycobilisome antenna. Results showed that a 4-fold increase in the cellular content of the β-phellandrene synthase was accompanied by a 22-fold increase in β-phellandrene yield, suggesting limitations in rate and yield by the amount of the transgenic enzyme. The work points to the limiting amount of transgenic terpene synthases as a potential barrier in the heterologous generation of terpene products via the process of photosynthesis.
A parallel, high speed circular queue structure

A 4*4 parallel circular queue structure in which data can be stored and deleted simultaneously is presented. This design eliminates the latency problem, which is the time for the data to propagate from input to output ports in a serial queue. The insertions and deletions are accomplished by two pointers, front and rear, which are interfaced to two independent bus structures. This allows the data to be inserted into a location where the rear pointer is pointing to, if the queue is not full and the rear pointer is incremented to point to the next available space. The data are deleted from a location where the front pointer is pointing to if the queue is not empty and the front pointer is incremented to point to the next data to be deleted. An up/down counter is used to control the activity of the queue and to set/reset full and empty flags. The queue is circular in the sense that there are no specific input and output ports from which data should be inserted and deleted, respectively. The design has the characteristics of simplicity and modularity, which makes it attractive for VLSI implementation. >
The Live In-Class CEO Intervention: A Capstone Experiential Technique For Leadership Development

This article describes a pedagogical technique that has been used successfully for more than 35 years in business education, primarily as a capstone experience in MBA and Executive MBA programs: th...
The anti-Candida albicans vaccine composed of the recombinant N terminus of Als1p reduces fungal burden and improves survival in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice

We have previously shown that intraperitoneal vaccination with the recombinant N terminus of Als1p (rAls1p-N) modestly improves survival during murine disseminated candidiasis. We now report marked efficacy with subcutaneous rAls1p-N vaccination. Efficacy is retained in neutropenic and corticosteroid-treated mice. The rAls1p-N vaccine is a promising candidate for the prevention of invasive candidiasis.
Analysis of variance using fuzzy logic models

A new algorithm to conduct the analysis of variance using fuzzy logic models (FLANOVA) has been proposed. The algorithm uses fuzzy logic models (FLMs) to rank the input variables of a process. The FLMs used are specially designed to be piecewise polynomials. Based on the data from the process, an FLM is constructed. After the adequacy of the model representing the process is checked, the algorithm calculates the F-number based on the established FLM. Because of the excellent correlation capabilities of the FLMs, the proposed algorithm can represent the process well and evaluate accurately the effects of the input variables. Two case studies with two test functions were conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with the existing methods for the analysis of variance using polynomial models. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Through the use of membership functions of the FLMs, the proposed approach can be implemented more easily than approaches using typical piecewise models for multidimensional applications. >
Phenotype of Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes

The phenotype of the infant of the diabetic mother is generally perceived as being macrosomic or large for gestational age. However, not all infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are macrosomic and, under certain circumstances, because of the interaction of genes and environment, can present as small for gestational age at birth. In contrast, the macrosomic infant presenting with hypoglycemia may not necessarily be the infant of a woman with GDM, but have an underlying metabolic or genetic dysregulation accounting for a similar phenotype. In this review, we will attempt to review the increasing prevalence of obesity in adults, adolescents, and possibly neonates as well. In an effort to better define macrosomia in the infant of the GDM mother, we will review the body composition analyses of infants of GDM mothers. Last, in addition to well-known factors such as maternal glucose control and overall nutrient availability, we will discuss the independent effect of maternal pregravid obesity on fetal adiposity in the infant of the GDM mother. We will be able to develop rational treatment modalities only if we have a better understanding of the various maternal components and factors relating to growth in these infants. The word “phenotype” has its origins in the Greek language: phainein , to show or appear, and typos , a type or mark. In reviewing the definition of phenotype, it became apparent that the meaning of the word has changed over the past few decades. In the 1960s, the standard definition in a medical dictionary was “the outward visible expression of the hereditary constitution of an organism” (1). This definition appeared well suited to descriptions of the fetus of a diabetic mother at that time. For example, in Pedersen's text, the external appearance of the infant of the mother with diabetes is described …
Temperature Dependence of Electron Transfer to the M-Side Bacteriopheophytin in Rhodobacter capsulatus Reaction Centers

Subpicosecond time-resolved absorption measurements at 77 K on two reaction center (RC) mutants of Rhodobacter capsulatus are reported. In the DLL mutant the D helix of the M subunit has been substituted with the D helix from the L subunit, and in the DLL-FYLFM mutant, three additional mutations are incorporated that facilitate electron transfer to the M side of the RC. In both cases the helix swap has been shown to yield isolated RCs that are devoid of the native bacteriopheophytin electron carrier HL (Chuang, J. I.; Boxer, S. G.; Holten, D.; Kirmaier, C. Biochemistry 2006, 45, 3845−3851). For DLL, depending whether the detergent Deriphat 160-C or N-lauryl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxide (LDAO) is used to suspend the RCs, the excited state of the primary electron donor (P*) decays to the ground state with an average lifetime at 77 K of 330 or 170 ps, respectively; however, in both cases the time constant obtained from single-exponential fits varies markedly as a function of the probe wavelength. These findings...
Evidence for Novel pH-Dependent Regulation of Candida albicans Rim101, a Direct Transcriptional Repressor of the Cell Wall β-Glycosidase Phr2

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus of mucosal surfaces that can cause disease in susceptible hosts. One aspect of the success of C. albicans as both a commensal and a pathogen is its ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions, including dramatic variations in environmental pH. The response to a neutral-to-alkaline pH change is controlled by the Rim101 signal transduction pathway. In neutral-to-alkaline environments, the zinc finger transcription factor Rim101 is activated by the proteolytic removal of an inhibitory C-terminal domain. Upon activation, Rim101 acts to induce alkaline response gene expression and repress acidic response gene expression. Previously, recombinant Rim101 was shown to directly bind to the alkaline-pH-induced gene PHR1. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Rim101 also directly binds to the alkaline-pH-repressed gene PHR2. Furthermore, we find that of the three putative binding sites, only the −124 site and, to a lesser extent, the −51 site play a role in vivo. In C. albicans, the predicted Rim101 binding site was thought to be CCAAGAA, divergent from the GCCAAG site defined in Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results suggest that the Rim101 binding site in C. albicans is GCCAAGAA, but slight variations are tolerated in a context-dependent fashion. Finally, our data suggest that Rim101 activity is governed not only by proteolytic processing but also by an additional mechanism not previously described.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects and Bias Dependence in Selected Bipolar Devices

Total dose test results are presented for two high-voltage transistors and three bipolar integrated circuits. Circuit tests were done at a dose rate of 0.005 rad(Si)/s because the devices are sensitive to enhanced damage at low dose rate (ELDRS). An unusual response was observed for one operational amplifier where the sign of the input bias current reversed after it was exposed to approximately 10 krad(Si) at low dose rate.
Local false discovery rate facilitates comparison of different microarray experiments.

The local false discovery rate (LFDR) estimates the probability of falsely identifying specific genes with changes in expression. In computer simulations, LFDR 90% identified genes without changes. We used LFDR to compare different microarray experiments quantitatively: (i) Venn diagrams of genes with and without changes in expression, (ii) scatter plots of the genes, (iii) correlation coefficients in the scatter plots and (iv) distributions of gene function. To illustrate, we compared three methods for pre-processing microarray data. Correlations between methods were high (r = 0.84–0.92). However, responses were often different in magnitude, and sometimes discordant, even though the methods used the same raw data. LFDR complements functional assessments like gene set enrichment analysis. To illustrate, we compared responses to ultraviolet radiation (UV), ionizing radiation (IR) and tobacco smoke. Compared to unresponsive genes, genes responsive to both UV and IR were enriched for cell cycle, mitosis, and DNA repair functions. Genes responsive to UV but not IR were depleted for cell adhesion functions. Genes responsive to tobacco smoke were enriched for detoxification functions. Thus, LFDR reveals differences and similarities among experiments.
Polyaniline as a Reversibly Switchable Electrochromic Material

Polyaniline is an interesting electrochromic material because its color can be changed from clear to green, to blue, and to purple by electrochemical oxidation[1]. The structural transformations associated with these color changes are shown in Scheme I. One of the possible applications for polyaniline is to use it as the active material in electrochromic windows.