cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding Social Resilience in the Maine Lobster Industry

AbstractThe Maine lobster Homarus americanus fishery is considered one of the most successful fisheries in the world due in part to its unique comanagement system, the conservation ethic of the harvesters, and the ability of the industry to respond to crises and solve collective-action problems. However, recent threats raise the question whether the industry will be able to respond to future threats as successfully as it has to ones in the past or whether it is now less resilient and can no longer adequately respond to threats. Through ethnographic research and oral histories with fishermen, we examined the current level of social resilience in the lobster fishery. We concentrated on recent threats to the industry and the ways in which it has responded to them, focusing on three situations: a price drop beginning in 2008, a recovery in 2010–2011, and a second collapse of prices in 2012. In addition, we considered other environmental and regulatory concerns identified by fishermen. We found that the indust...
The search for the phonological store: From loop to convolution

The phonological loop system of Baddeley and colleagues' Working Memory model is a major accomplishment of the modern era of cognitive psychology. It was one of the first information processing models to make an explicit attempt to accommodate both traditional behavioral data and the results of neuropsychological case studies in an integrated theoretical framework. In the early and middle 1990s, the purview of the phonological loop was expanded to include the emerging field of functional brain imaging. The modular and componential structure of the phonological loop seemed to disclose a structure that might well be transcribed, intact, onto the convolutions of the brain. It was the phonological store component, however, with its simple and modular quality, that most appealed to the neuroimaging field as the psychological box that might most plausibly be located in the brain. Functional neuroimaging studies initially designated regions in the parietal cortex as constituting the neural correlate of the phonological store, whereas later studies pointed to regions in the posterior temporal cortex. In this review, however, we argue the phonological store as a theoretical construct does not precisely correspond to a single, functionally discrete, brain region. Rather, converging evidence from neurology, cognitive psychology, and functional neuroimaging argue for a reconceptualization of phonological short-term memory as emerging from the integrated action of the neural processes that underlie the perception and production of speech.
Party Identification and Political Adaptation of American Migrants in Australia

The study of international migrants reveals processes of political resocialization that include translation, expansion, and replacement of prior political learning. This paper demonstrates that American party identification influences the political adaptation of American migrants in Australia by affecting both whether or not they adopt an Australian party identification and the particular parties they select. However, political ideology is an even more important factor in selecting a new party identification and, in particular, leads some American Democrats to choose a more conservative party, and some American Republicans a more liberal one, in Australia. People who were weak partisans in the United States are more likely than others to relinquish their American partisanship once in Australia. Over and above these individual-level variables, the political environment is also influential: migrants tend to favor parties that have been electorally more successful in the Australian state in which they live. ...
Industry structure and the conglomerate "discount" : theory and evidence

Recent literature has been largely negative in its assessment of corporate diversification. Diversified firms have been regarded as destructive of firm value, prone to agency problems and divisional rent-seeking. The empirical finding that multi-division firms tend to trade at a 'discount,' or negative 'excess value' relative to their single-segment counterparts, is claimed in support of this view. Our paper offers a different, more positive, perspective. We develop a simple, industry-based model to argue that conglomeration (and discounts) may, in fact, reflect an endogenous, value-enhancing response of firms to industry conditions and agency problems prevalent in all firms, not just conglomerates. With managers reluctant to reduce assets under their control, conglomeration emerges as a way to optimally induce managers to shift resources away from an industry, in response to unfavorable conditions. The model also provides a framework, with testable implications, to analyze patterns of conglomeration and excess values across different environments. The degree of conglomeration in an industry is predicted to have an inverse relation to the excess values of conglomerates in the industry and to the investment opportunities anticipated for single-segment firms. Using a panel data set of fifty of the largest US industries, over 1978-1997, we find significant empirical support for the model's predictions.
Setting positive end-expiratory pressure during jet ventilation to replicate the mean airway pressure of oscillatory ventilation

BACKGROUND: High-frequency ventilation can be delivered with either oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) or jet ventilation (HFJV). Traditional clinician biases may limit the range of function of these important ventilation modes. We hypothesized that (1) the jet ventilator can be an accurate monitor of mean airway pressure (Paw) during HFOV, and (2) a mathematical relationship can be used to determine the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting required for HFJV to reproduce the Paw of HFOV. METHODS: In phase 1 of our experiment, we used a differential pressure pneumotachometer and a jet adapter in-line between an oscillator circuit and a pediatric lung model to measure Paw, PEEP, and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP). Thirty-six HFOV setting combinations were studied, in random order. We analyzed the correlation between the pneumotachometer and HFJV measurements. In phase 2 we used the jet as the monitoring device during each of the same 36 combinations of HFOV settings, and recorded Paw, PIP, and ΔP. Then, for each combination of settings, the jet ventilator was placed in-line with a conventional ventilator and was set at the same rate and PIP as was monitored during HFOV. To determine the appropriate PEEP setting, we calculated the Paw contributed by the PIP, respiratory rate, and inspiratory time set for HFJV, and subtracted this from the goal Paw. This value was the PEEP predicted for HFJV to match the HFOV Paw. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between the pneumotachometer and HFJV measurements was r = 0.99 (mean difference 0.62 ± 0.30 cm H2O, p 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: HFJV is an accurate monitor during HFOV. These measurements can be used to calculate the predicted PEEP necessary to match Paw on the 2 ventilators. Replicating the Paw with adequate PEEP on HFJV may help simplify transitioning between ventilators when clinically indicated.
Seismite Indicates Pleistocene Earthquake Activity in Ellis County, Kansas

The post-Precambrian stratigraphic record is incomplete with one estimate that 80 percent of time is not represented (Merriam, 1963). Even so, there is ample evidence that the craton has remained active through time as recorded by the soft-sediment deformation that occurs in the record. Soft-sediment deformation or convolute features occur when the sediment is yet in a semi-liquid state and a trigger (earthquake) causes the sediment to deform by dewatering (Fig. 1). The soft-sediment deformation which forms convolute features has been adequately described in the geological literature and are referred to as seismites.
Redefining CpG islands using hidden Markov models

The DNA of most vertebrates is depleted in CpG dinucleotide: a C followed by a G in the 5' to 3' direction. CpGs are the target for DNA methylation, a chemical modification of cytosine (C) heritable during cell division and the most well-characterized epigenetic mechanism. The remaining CpGs tend to cluster in regions referred to as CpG islands (CGI). Knowing CGI locations is important because they mark functionally relevant epigenetic loci in development and disease. For various mammals, including human, a readily available and widely used list of CGI is available from the UCSC Genome Browser. This list was derived using algorithms that search for regions satisfying a definition of CGI proposed by Gardiner-Garden and Frommer more than 20 years ago. Recent findings, enabled by advances in technology that permit direct measurement of epigenetic endpoints at a whole-genome scale, motivate the need to adapt the current CGI definition. In this paper, we propose a procedure, guided by hidden Markov models, that permits an extensible approach to detecting CGI. The main advantage of our approach over others is that it summarizes the evidence for CGI status as probability scores. This provides flexibility in the definition of a CGI and facilitates the creation of CGI lists for other species. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by generating the first CGI lists for invertebrates, and the fact that we can create CGI lists that substantially increases overlap with recently discovered epigenetic marks. A CGI list and the probability scores, as a function of genome location, for each species are available at http://www.rafalab.org.
Using high spatial resolution airborne thermal-IR data to map the urban thermal environment

Urbanization is one of the greatest examples of human modification of the natural environment. An environmental consequence of urbanization is the urban heat island effect, which results from the replacement of natural landscapes with impervious surfaces such as concrete and asphalt. The heat retention from impervious surfaces causes a disruption of the surface energy balance, and can exacerbate existing air pollution conditions. In order to fully understand the urban microclimate, it is appropriate to examine the thermal pattern of the urban environment. This study analyzes the urban thermal pattern of Salt Lake City using airborne, 10-m spatial resolution ATLAS (Advanced Thermal Land Applications Sensor) data. A classification technique using visible, near-IR, mid-IR, and thermal-IR data produces thermal properties of individual land covers. Such land covers include a mix of vegetation types, impervious surfaces, and soils. Their respective thermal properties are examined in relation to the total urban thermal pattern of downtown Salt Lake City. Results from the study may then be used as a tool for urban planners in implementing heat island reduction strategies.
Mammalian Proteasome Subpopulations with Distinct Molecular Compositions and Proteolytic Activities

The proteasome-dependent protein degradation participates in multiple essential cellular processes. Modulation of proteasomal activities may alter cardiac function and disease phenotypes. However, cardiovascular studies reported thus far have yielded conflicting results. We hypothesized that a contributing factor to the contradicting literature may be caused by existing proteasome heterogeneity in the myocardium. In this investigation, we provide the very first direct demonstration of distinct proteasome subpopulations in murine hearts. The cardiac proteasome subpopulations differ in their molecular compositions and proteolytic activities. Furthermore they were distinguished from proteasome subpopulations identified in murine livers. The study was facilitated by the development of novel protocols for in-solution isoelectric focusing of multiprotein complexes in a laminar flow that support an average resolution of 0.04 pH units. Utilizing these protocols, the majority of cardiac proteasome complexes displayed an isoelectric point of 5.26 with additional subpopulations focusing in the range from pH 5.10 to 5.33. In contrast, the majority of hepatic 20 S proteasomes had a pI of 5.05 and focused from pH 5.01 to 5.29. Importantly proteasome subpopulations degraded specific model peptides with different turnover rates. Among cardiac subpopulations, proteasomes with an approximate pI of 5.21 showed 40% higher trypsin-like activity than those with pI 5.28. Distinct proteasome assembly may be a contributing factor to variations in proteolytic activities because proteasomes with pI 5.21 contained 58% less of the inducible subunit β2i compared with those with pI 5.28. In addition, dephosphorylation of 20 S proteasomes demonstrated that besides molecular composition posttranslational modifications largely contribute to their pI values. These data suggest the possibility of mixed 20 S proteasome assembly, a departure from the currently hypothesized two subpopulations: constitutive and immuno forms. The identification of multiple distinct proteasome subpopulations in heart provides key mechanistic insights for achieving selective and targeted regulation of this essential protein degradation machinery. Thus, proteasome subpopulations may serve as novel therapeutic targets in the myocardium.
Recovery Analysis from Pumping Tests with Stepped Discharge

Recovery analysis from pumping tests with varying discharge is well-documented but in practice often wrongly considered to be impractical or even impossible. However, the Theis recovery method for constant rate tests is popular and widely used to determine aquifer transmissivity. The purpose of this paper is to review and promote determination of transmissivity by recovery analysis in tests in which the discharge is not steady but represented by a step function. The equations for a stepped discharge recovery method are presented in a simple form, highlighting the fact that it is a direct extension of the Theis recovery method with the same advantages and ease of application. It is demonstrated that the Theis recovery method cannot generally be used with an average discharge for varying rate tests. Recovery analysis should always be approached with the stepped discharge recovery method, which reduces to the Theis method if the discharge is constant. The stepped discharge recovery method is particularly useful for step tests and for analyzing data from the pumped well, and it should be standard practice to monitor the recovery in all pumping tests on single wells. It is also shown that a different storage coefficient during recovery than during pumping does not result in a shifted straight line in the recovery analysis but in a curve passing through the origin.
Viral oncogene expression in the stem/progenitor cell compartment of the mouse intestine induces adenomatous polyps.

Geneticandepigeneticeventsthataltergeneexpressionand/orproteinfunctionorlocalizationarethoughttobe the primary mechanism that drives tumorigenesis and governs the clinical behavior of cancers. Yet, a number of studieshaveshownthattheeffectsofoncogeneexpressionortumorsuppressorablationarehighlydependentoncell type. The molecular basis for this cell-type specificity and how it contributes to tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, expression of a truncated SV40 large T antigen in murine intestinal crypts promoted the formation of numerous adenomatouspolypsinthecolonandsmallintestine.Incontrast,whenthesameT-antigenconstructisexpressedin villousenterocytes,theconsequencesarelimitedtohyperplasiaanddysplasia.TheT-antigen–inducedpolypsshow high levels of the proto-oncogene c-Myc protein even though there is no transport of b-catenin to the nucleus. Targeting the expressionof viraloncogenes tointestinalcrypts orvilliprovides amurine modelsystem forstudying cell-type specific effects in tumorigenesis, and is particularly relevant to the study of APC/b-catenin–independent pathways contributing to the generation of intestinal polyps. Implications: This mouse model system describes the formation of colon polyps in the absence of Wnt/b-catenin signaling. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1–10. � 2014 AACR.
Scaling up population dynamics: integrating theory and data

How to scale up from local-scale interactions to regional-scale dynamics is a critical issue in field ecology. We show how to implement a systematic approach to the problem of scaling up, using scale transition theory. Scale transition theory shows that dynamics on larger spatial scales differ from predictions based on the local dynamics alone because of an interaction between local-scale nonlinear dynamics and spatial variation in density or the environment. Based on this theory, a systematic approach to scaling up has four steps: (1) derive a model to translate the effects of local dynamics to the regional scale, and to identify key interactions between nonlinearity and spatial variation, (2) measure local-scale model parameters to determine nonlinearities at local scales, (3) measure spatial variation, and (4) combine nonlinearity and variation measures to obtain the scale transition. We illustrate the approach, with an example from benthic stream ecology of caddisflies living in riffles. By sampling from a simulated system, we show how collecting the appropriate data at local (riffle) scales to measure nonlinearities, combined with measures of spatial variation, leads to the correct inference for dynamics at the larger scale of the stream. The approach provides a way to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of changes in population dynamics with spatial scale using a relatively small amount of field data.
“Neither Monsters nor Temptresses nor Terrors”:Representing Desire in Charlotte Brontë's Shirley

Although romance qua romance is often seen as leading to the grim finality of the Victorian marriage plot, Charlotte Bronte's second novel, Shirley (1849), thwarts readerly expectations. Bront? cautions the reader that "if you think, from this prelude, that any thing like a romance is preparing for you, reader, you never were more mistaken," but also teases that "it is not positively affirmed that you shall not have a taste of the exciting" (39; ch. 1). This disavowal, coupled with contradicting hints of romance, appears in the second paragraph of Shirley and establishes the vexed dynamic surrounding the marriage plot present throughout the novel. Like Bront?, I also disavow the marriage plot as being my primary concern in this essay. Rather, I am interested in the deployment of desire in the novel. Bronte's opening caveat marks Shirley as a novel which will not follow conventions of heteronormativity, and the configurations of desire within the narrative take on increasingly complicated forms as Bront? grapples with the limitations of representing unconventional desire in the nineteenth century. My decision to approach the text under the terms of "desire" stems from the paucity of terminology to provide an identity for nineteenth-century women based on sexuality; that is, sexuality is most often discussed in terms of desire or behaviors, not as discrete identities.1 It is generally agreed that no identity as "lesbian" would have been available until late in the century, but as Kristina Straub points out in her work on eighteenth-century sexuality, "women may behave in sexually subversive ways that, while not constituting a 'lesbian identity,' demand some articulation in the feminist re-visioning of sexual history" (22). The novel continues to attract feminist attention, but few have attempted to discuss it in terms of eroticism between female characters.2 Reading Shirley through the lens of desire in its many forms allows for a consideration of the ways the female protagonists not only subvert sexual systems such as marriage but also attempt to reconfigure economic desires as well. Economics and erotics are linked throughout the novel, indicating the ways in which capitalism, sexual identity, and sexual desires become imbricated.
Role of the substrate during pseudo-MOSFET drain current transients

Abstract Drain current transients in floating-body SOI MOSFETs are of considerable interest for possible application for capacitor-less dynamic access random memories. For maximum refresh time of such memories, it is important that the carrier lifetime in the Si film of such devices be high or the leakage current be low. We present here a detailed study, both experimental and by simulation, of the measurements of drain current transients that are commonly used to extract the carrier lifetime, using p-film-p-substrate pseudo-MOSFETs. In contrast to other papers in this field, we include the role of the substrate in such transients and find the substrate to dominate the drain current transient. Previous studies have largely neglected the substrate.
Simulation of the hydrodynamic device model on distributed memory parallel computers

Stable and robust finite element methods for the convective hydrodynamic model of semiconductor devices are developed and implemented on distributed memory parallel computers. Specifically, a stable and accurate space-time and Galerkin/least-squares finite element formulation is developed for the hydrodynamic transport equations for the conservation laws. In addition, Galerkin finite element methods are employed for the Poisson and lattice thermal diffusion equations. The inclusion of the lattice thermal diffusion equation in the numerical solution of the convective hydrodynamic model is presented for the first time. Numerical results for a bipolar transistor are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the numerical methods. Numerical simulations of semiconductor devices using the convective hydrodynamic model require a significant amount of computations. A single-program-multiple-data (SPMD) programming model is proposed for the implementation of the hydrodynamic model on distributed memory parallel computers. Employing the SPMD programming model, a serial program developed on a workstation can be converted into a parallel program with minimal changes. The parallel program has been ported to a wide range of distributed memory parallel computers including the iPSC/860 hypercube, the Touchstone Delta machine, and the IBM SP-1. Parallel performance results are reported for a bipolar transistor, silicon MESFET and diodes. The results indicate that the parallel hydrodynamic device simulator exhibits excellent speedups and scalability on distributed memory parallel computers with minimum communication overhead.
Phase Errors and Autofocus in SAR Imagery

In previous chapters, we discovered how the steps involved in the collection and formation of SAR imagery can be explained in light of tomographic principles. We also saw that several assumptions were made in order for that paradigm to be valid. One of these assumptions limited the allowable amount of wavefront curvature; a second assumption required that the residual phase term from the deramp processing be sufficiently small. We demonstrated how the reconstructed image quality is degraded when these assumptions are not met and derived quantitative conditions on patch size, resolution, standoff range, and several other parameters (see Equations 2.74 and 2.75) that render the degradation in image quality negligible. A third assumption dealt with robust image formation. This assumption is that the amount of time required for each radar pulse to travel from the SAR platform to the patch center and back is known precisely for each transmission point along the synthetic aperture. This demodulation time was defined as τ0 = 2R 0 /c, where R 0 is the distance from the SAR platform to the patch center and c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave. Up to this point, we simply ignored the consequences of inaccuracies in demodulation times that can arise from noise in real SAR systems. In this chapter we address the matter in detail, because it becomes an important issue in the design and operation of real spotlight-mode SARs.
Thermal Defects in BCC 3He Crystals Determined by X-Ray Diffraction

Information about thermally created defects in a solid can be obtained by comparing the change of macroscopic volume V and of X-ray cell volume Ω for different temperatures by means of the relation $$ \frac{{\Delta V}} {V} - \frac{{\Delta \Omega }} {\Omega } = c $$ (1) where c is the net concentration of vacancy-type defects.1 Solid bcc 3He can be investigated at essentially constant volume, thus reducing Eq. (1) to $$ - \Delta \Omega /\Omega = - 3\Delta a/a = c $$ (2) where a is the lattice parameter. Thus in a constant-volume experiment, observation of a single lattice parameter change with change of temperature can be directly related to the creation of vacancy-type defects.
Fatigue sensation and gene expression in trained cyclists following a 40 km time trial in the heat

We examined the effect of race-effort cycling exercise with and without heat stress on post-exercise perceptions of fatigue and pain, as well as mRNA expression in genes related to exercise responses. Trained cyclists (n = 20) completed 40 km time trials during temperate (TC, 21 °C) and hot (HC, 35 °C) conditions. Blood lactates were measured 1 and 5 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples and ratings of fatigue and pain perceptions were obtained at baseline and at 0.5, 8, 24, and 48 h post-exercise. Leukocyte mRNA expression was performed for metabolite detecting, adrenergic, monoamine, and immune receptors using qPCR. Significantly lower mean power (157 ± 32.3 vs 187 ± 40 W) and lactates (6.4 ± 1.7 vs 8.8 ± 3.2 and 4.2 ± 1.5 vs 6.6 ± 2.7 mmol L−1 at 1- and 5-min post-exercise) were observed for HC versus TC, respectively (p 0.30). Both trials resulted in significant post-exercise decreases in metabolite detecting receptors ASIC3, P2X4, TRPV1, and TRPV4; increases in adrenergic receptors α2a, α2c, and β1; decreases in adrenergic β2, the immune receptor TLR4, and dopamine (DRD4); and increases in serotonin (HTR1D) and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Post-exercise IL-6 differed between TC and HC, with significantly greater increases observed following HC (p < 0.05). Both TT performances appeared to be regulated around a specific sensory perception of fatigue and pain. Heat stress may have compensated for lower lactate during HC, thereby matching changes in metabolite detecting and other mRNAs across conditions.
Homeowner Decision Making in Public Water Supply

Homeowner decisions regarding the connection to a public water supply in urban fringe areas suggest that too few connections and low initial consumption per capita are very real possibilities. Therefore, public officials, engineers, and public administrators must realistically evaluate revenues and initial design requirements in light of these decisions. Findings indicate that quality of the private well and the cost of public water are significant variables affecting the homeowner connection decision. Investigations of homeowner decision making behavior are made utilizing a homeowner interview technique which addresses decisions made, factors underlying these decisions, perceived reasonable connection and usage charges, and the role of a private well after connection is made to a public water supply. Two geographic areas are studied: one in which public water is availalbe with emphasis on past decisions, and one in which public water is an impending possibility with an emphasis on future decisions.
Nonlinear Model Reference Adaptive Control for Satellite Attitude Tracking

The high-precision demands of spacecraft attitude control require very accurate dynamic models. However, these models are not always obtainable. Dynamic uncertainties can arise from a number of different sources, and the resulting model errors can have a highly detrimental effect on controller performance. Plug-and-Play satellites, which require significantly less time for assembly and integration, are especially susceptible to these uncertainties because of their shortened schedule. This paper examines the use of a model reference adaptive control scheme to achieve accurate attitude tracking for a satellite with uncertainties in its inertia parameters and control actuator alignments. A control algorithm is developed using quaternion error kinematics and the rotational dynamics of a rigid body. The reference model used in this algorithm is given the same nonlinear rotational dynamics as the true system. The corresponding control law is also nonlinear. The performance of the control algorithm is tested in Matlab simulations for two different trajectories. Results show that this algorithm is capable of driving the true system to exhibit the same behavior as the model and can converge to the model trajectory in a short period of time. Thus, the adaptive controller will be able to point the true system with the same degree of accuracy as the given model controller can point the model system.
Sarcomas induced in rats by implanting cellophane.

Conclusions1. Sarcomas were induced in albino fats by the insertion of regenerated cellulose film either subcutaneously or by wrapping it around one kidney.2. These tumors occurred in about 35% of ...
Structure and Dynamics of Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) Populations in Missouri

Abstract: Comparisons of spatial and temporal variation in demographic rates are crucial to understanding population dynamics. Yet, even well-studied species are often lacking in comparisons of such variability in demographic data, making these contrasts imperative to conduct in population ecology research. We conducted a long-term monitoring study of Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) at five ponds in Missouri, USA. We sampled populations using drift fences, and monitored breeding immigration dates, adult population sizes, sex ratio, juvenile recruitment, metamorph sizes, and metamorph emigration dates. Generally, we found that our study populations exhibited characteristics similar to other populations across their distribution. We also found spatial and temporal variation among populations in nearly all demographic parameters, however, indicating that multipopulation and multiyear studies will likely improve our inferential abilities in understanding population dynamics. We observed an overall ...
Association between Body Powder Use and Ovarian Cancer: The African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES)

Background: Epidemiologic studies indicate increased ovarian cancer risk among women who use genital powder, but this has not been thoroughly investigated in African American (AA) women, a group with a high prevalence of use. We evaluate the relationship between use of genital powder and non-genital powder in invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: Subjects are 584 cases and 745 controls enrolled in the African American Epidemiology Cancer Study, an ongoing, population-based case-control study of EOC in AA women in 11 geographic locations in the U.S. AA controls were frequency matched to cases on residence and age. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between genital and non-genital powder exposure and EOC risk, controlling for potential confounders. Results: Powder use was common (62.8 % of cases and 52.9% of controls). Genital powder was associated with an increased risk of EOC (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.86) and a dose-response relationship was found for duration of use and number of lifetime applications (p <0.05). Non-genital use was also associated with EOC risk, particularly among non-serous EOC cases (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.74). An association between powder use and upper respiratory conditions suggests an enhanced inflammatory response may explain the association between body powder and EOC. Conclusions: In a study of AA women, body powder use was significantly associated with EOC risk. Impact: The results support that body powder is a modifiable risk factor for EOC among AA women.
“Stony the Road” to Change: Social Action: A Social Movement in Practice

THE MOVE TO ELECT BLACK CANDIDATES In the previous chapter, a number of social issues around which a social movement within the African American community could evolve were described. Of those, only two proved strong enough to bring the community together. The two issues, voter registration and the bid to elect a Black sheriff, are so interconnected and interdependent that this chapter describes the two movements as one larger movement. I describe this social action by incorporating three perspectives: the organization spearheading the movement, the candidate, and the wider African American community. The chapter also discusses the failed attempt to rally the community around the block grant controversy. As mentioned in Chapter 3, soon after my arrival in Oxford, I became aware of two potentially significant actions being undertaken by African Americans – an effort to reestablish the local branch of the NAACP and an attempt by the first African American police investigator in Oxford to be elected Lafayette County sheriff. Plans to achieve these two goals were developed along two very different lines. The young leader of the NAACP believed that the best route to increased membership was to jump right into the middle of any social issue that was currently being addressed by the dominant White society and that had a significant visible impact on the African American segment of that society. By contrast, the police investigator who was running for sheriff was cautious and guardedly tested each political move.
Blue skies and black boxes: The promise (and practice) of grounded theory in human resource management research

Abstract We provide an overview of the grounded theory approach, a methodology with significant (and largely untapped) potential for human resources (HR) research. Grounded theory is an abductive, data-driven, theory-building approach that can serve as a conceptual link between inductive and deductive research approaches. We begin by explaining the grounded theory approach in detail and outlining two versions of the method that have been used in high-impact management publications—the Gioia approach and the Tabula Geminus (twin slate) approach. We then provide an overview of the similarities and differences between grounded theory and other inductive and/or qualitative methodologies, namely, ethnography, discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis, and content analysis. Following this discussion, we offer a step-by-step guide to using grounded theory in human resources research, illustrating these principles with data and processes from extant research. Finally, we conclude by discussing best practices for achieving rigor with the grounded theory approach.
CRT-300.09 Use Of The STEMI Team For Rapid Treatment Of Patients With Pulmonary Embolism: A Pilot Study

Patients with massive and submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) require rapid identification, triage and consideration for reperfusion therapy. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate a pilot study using the ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) team and a dedicated PE protocol for treatment
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Plasma from Dogs with Immune‐mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the innate immune response and are essential in local pathogen control, but are associated with pathological inflammation, organ damage, autoimmunity, and thrombosis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a pro-inflammatory, prothrombotic disease associated with high mortality. Hypothesis/objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a feature of the inflammatory process in dogs with IMHA. The objective of the study was to evaluate plasma from dogs with IMHA for the presence of 2 indirect markers and 1 direct marker of NETs. Animals Healthy client-owned dogs (56) and hospitalized dogs with IMHA (n = 35). Methods Prospective study. Plasma samples for all dogs were evaluated for cell-free DNA using a fluorescence assay, histone-DNA (hisDNA) complex using an ELISA, and citrullinated histone H3 (specific for NETosis) using Western blot. Reference intervals were generated using plasma from healthy dogs. Results In dogs with IMHA, cell-free DNA concentration was above the reference interval in 17% of samples with a median (range) of 1.0 μg/mL (0.1-17.3), and hisDNA concentration was above the reference interval in 94% of samples with a median (range) of 30.7 × pooled normal plasma (PNP; 0.6-372.1). Western blot for citrullinated histone H3 identified detectable bands in 84% samples from dogs with IMHA. Conclusions and clinical importance The assay for cell-free DNA detected evidence of NETs in fewer dogs than did the other approaches. Excessive NETs appears to be a feature of IMHA in dogs and contributions to the prothrombotic state deserve further study.
The MVPN Technology Study Report Based on Rosen Draft

The application of MVPN techonology is more and more widely these days, the correlative correlated technic standard has been revised for nearly ten years. MVPN is a technique basing on BGP/MPLS IP VPN supporting Multicast service, that transmit multicast data via private networks by encaspsulating private multicast packet and transferring via multicast tunnels established by every size. The first part of the report majors in describing the developing status of multicast VPN according to technical draft and studying of Cisco Co. ‘s implementation. Firstly, the report introduces the technic background, then expatiate the basic theory and implementating technic of MVPN. Whereafter the paper introduces supporting things of some mainstream verdors on this technical draft.
The Krein Space (ΦH2)┴ and Coefficients of Analytic Functions

For H2 = H2(U) the classical Hardy space of the unit disk and for B(z) an inner function, the Hilbert space BH2┴ = H2 ⊖ BH2 is familiar to operator theorists as the basic space in the Sz.-Nagy-Foias model theory of contractions, [6].
Clinical use of the STOP‐BANG questionnaire to determine postoperative risk in veterans

Objectives To determine whether STOP-BANG (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender) scores are associated with immediate postoperative adverse events in veterans undergoing surgery. Methods In this prospective cohort study, veterans presenting to the presurgical clinic at a Veterans Affairs hospital answered the STOP-BANG questionnaire, which was scored as high risk (5-8), intermediate risk (3-4), and low risk (0-2) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), during a 6-month study period. Immediate postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular adverse events were recorded. Results The patient population included 1,080 veterans. Ninety-five patients (8.8%) experienced adverse events, of which 74 (6.9%) were respiratory and 21 (1.9%) were cardiovascular in nature. Patients with high-risk STOP-BANG scores (5-8) had significantly greater odds of having an adverse event odds ratio (OR) 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 3.3) and hypoxia OR 2.8 (95% CI: 1.7, 4.6) compared to those with low- to intermediate-risk scores (0-4). Among patients with OSA, those with high-risk scores (5-8) had greater odds of an adverse event OR 3.9 (95% CI: 1.1, 13.9) and hypoxia OR 3.7 (95% CI: 1.1, 13.0) compared to those with low- to intermediate-risk scores (0-4). Patients without a history of OSA with high-risk scores (5-8) did not have significantly greater odds of an adverse event OR 1.5 (95% CI: 0.82, 2.6) or a hypoxic event OR 1.7 (95% CI: 0.87, 3.4) compared to those with low- to intermediate-risk scores (0-4). Conclusion The STOP-BANG questionnaire was useful in the veteran population because high-risk scores were predictive of adverse events, in particular, hypoxia for patients with a previous diagnosis of OSA. In the future, this may direct studies and clinical activities aimed at optimizing safe and effective perioperative practices. Level of evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 129:259-264, 2019.
The impact of low to moderate chronic intermittent ethanol exposure on behavioral endpoints in aged, adult, and adolescent rats.

Abstract The average age of the population in the United States and other countries is increasing. Understanding the health consequences in the aged population is critical. Elderly individuals consume ethanol, often at elevated rates, and in some cases in a binge episode. The present study sought to investigate whether binge-like ethanol exposure in aged male rats produced differential health and behavioral effects compared to adult male and adolescent male rats. Subjects were exposed to either 1.0 g/kg or 2.0 g/kg ethanol every other day via intraperitoneal injection for 20 days, and tested on a variety of behavioral measures and body weight. Binge-like ethanol exposure produced differential effects on body weight between aged and adolescent and adult rats. In addition, aged rats had a significantly longer loss of righting reflex and demonstrated a trend toward tolerance following the 2.0-g/kg exposure. No significant effects on anxiety-like behavior as measured by open arm entries, depressive-like symptoms as measured by immobility in the forced swim test, or cognitive performance as measured by latency and path length in the Morris water maze were found. These results demonstrate that aged animals are differentially sensitive to the impact of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure in some, but not all behaviors. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms of these differential effects.
Selling Wind.

We offer a parsimonious model to investigate how strategic wind producers sell energy under stochastic production constraints, where the extent of heterogeneity of wind energy availability varies according to wind farm locations. The main insight of our analysis is that increasing heterogeneity in resource availability improves social welfare, as a function of its effects both on improving diversification and on reducing withholding by firms. We show that this insight is quite robust for any concave and downward-sloping inverse demand function. The model is also used to analyze the effect of heterogeneity on firm profits and opportunities for collusion. Finally, we analyze the impacts of improving public information and weather forecasting; enhanced public forecasting increases welfare, but it is not always in the best interests of strategic producers.
Hegselmann-Krause Dynamics with Limited Connectivity

We investigate a variant of the Hegselmann-Krause model of opinion dynamics that relaxes the assumption that every agent has knowledge of every other agent's opinion at all points in time. This is done by incorporating a physical connectivity graph that accounts for the external factors that may prevent interaction between certain pairs of agents. As opposed to the original Hegselmann-Krause dynamics (which terminate in finite time), we show that for any underlying graph that is connected but not complete, there exists an initial condition under which the dynamics never terminate. As a result, we show that for any continuous probability density function having the state space as its support, the expected termination time of the modified dynamics is infinity. We also study the rate of convergence to the steady state and derive bounds on the maximum convergence time in terms of the properties of the physical connectivity graph.
Second Harmonic 527 GHz Gyrotron for DNP-NMR

We have built a frequency tunable 527 GHz gyrotron for an 800 MHz DNP-NMR spectrometer. The gyrotron is designed at the second harmonic $(\pmb{\omega=2}\pmb{\omega}_{\mathbf{c}})$ of the electron cyclotron frequency. It produces ~10 W continuous microwave power at 527.12 GHz frequency using a diode type electron gun $(\mathbf{V}\sim \pmb{16.5}\mathbf{kV},\ \mathbf{I}_{\mathbf{b}}\sim \pmb{110}\mathbf{mA})$ . The gyrotron is tunable within ~ 0.5 GHz by combining voltage and magnetic field tuning. The gyrotron comprises an internal periscope assembly to internally convert a Gaussian beam to an HE ll mode in a 12 mm i.d. corrugated waveguide. The corrugated waveguide transmission line system is built including 3 m long 16 mm i.d. waveguide and a corrugated taper from 12 mm to 16 mm i.d. waveguide.
ARC Containers for AI Workloads: Singularity Performance Overhead

Containerization has taken the software world by storm. Deployment complications, like requiring elevated (i.e. "root") permissions to run, have slowed the adoption of containers in shared advanced research computing (ARC) environments. Singularity is a containerization approach that is designed for ARC in shared high performance computing (HPC) clusters. With the creation of the Singularity, there is finally a viable scientific container solution. However very few papers have looked at the performance trade-offs of deploying applications using a container based model. The authors are not aware of any published studies evaluating the trade-offs of the deployment models with complex Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads. Without detailed evaluations of the performance trade-offs scientists and engineers are unable to make an informed decision on deployment model for time sensitive training or low power inference. Furthering previous research in this area and using emerging community developed benchmarks, we examine performance trade-offs of running AI workloads in a containerized Singularity environment.
Public Libraries as a Context for the Study of Learning and Development.

Public libraries are ideal contexts for supporting child development and family involvement (Families and Work Institute, 2015; IMLS, 2013). Families with children often attend public libraries to participate in educational programming and experiences, yet university-based developmental scientists who study how people develop and adapt across the lifespan have not fully recognized them as a significant context for the study of learning and development. This reflective essay suggests that developmental scientists and public libraries can achieve mutual benefits through joint research and evaluation efforts within the library context. We illustrate this type of collaboration through a firsthand account of a university–library partnership developed to support family engagement in library settings that promotes optimal parenting and enhances children’s school readiness.
Signals from SABR-COMET time to move on to phase III studies

Oligometastases represent the clinical state where metastases are limited in number and extent, and potentially amenable to definitive metastases-directed (i.e., surgical or ablative) treatment (1). Systemic therapy is the standard treatment for metastatic cancer, though over the past decade, emerging data have supported the role of surgery or radical irradiation for oligometastatic patients (2,3). The notion that metastasis-directed therapy could improve cancer control and survival outcomes date back decades (4-6), with Hellman and Weichselbaum initially coining the term “oligometastases” and formulating and refining the hypothesis in 1995 (7).