cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revision of the acetabulum without cement with use of the Harris-Galante porous-coated implant: two to eight-year results

Sixty revision total hip arthroplasties were performed in fifty-nine patients with use of the Harris-Galante-I porous-coated acetabular component. The patients were followed prospectively for a mean of five years (range, two to eight years). Multiple small screws were used for fixation of the component in all of the hips. Bulk allograft or cancellous bone graft was placed in forty-eight hips. The hips were evaluated clinically with use of the Harris hip-scoring system. A component was considered to be loose if there was a change in the cup angle of more than 5 degrees or vertical or horizontal migration of more than two millimeters, as demonstrated on serial radiographs. Forty-eight (80 per cent) of the sixty hips had a score of good or excellent at the time of the most recent follow-up. No component had radiographic evidence of loosening, and there were no broken screws or radio-lucent lines around the screws. Osteolysis of the pelvis was not seen in any patient. One hip was debrided because of a late metastatic deep infection, but the components were not removed. At the time of writing, no acetabular component had been revised and no revisions were pending. There were no complications related to the use of multiple small screws, even in the acetabula in which there was a severe deficiency of bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photodissociation of CH3OCl to CH3O + Cl at 248 nm

This study examines the 248 nm photodissociation of methyl hypochlorite (CH3OCl), a molecule that serves as an atmospheric chlorine reservoir. The data show that the primary photodissociation channel is cleavage of the O−Cl bond to produce Cl atoms and CH3O radicals, a result consistent with the direct dissociation mechanism found by other computational and experimental studies of alkyl hypohalites. Photofragment translational spectroscopy with a crossed laser-molecular beam apparatus, coupled with tunable VUV photoionization detection, identified the momentum-matched products at m/e = 35 (Cl+ from Cl atoms) and m/e = 29 (the CHO+ daughter ion of CH3O). Products were formed with a narrow range of recoil kinetic energies, peaking at 48 kcal/mol in the center-of-mass reference frame, with a full-width half-maximum of 4 ± 2 kcal/mol. This kinetic energy distribution shows that the CH3O products are formed with a very narrow range of internal energies, and a simple model shows that to conserve angular momentu...
Technical Aspects of Petroleum Oils and Oil Sprays

A discussion of the tests by which the character of petroleum oil may be designated, with special reference to volatility and suffocation in evaluating oils to be used for sprays. The effect of petroleum oils of various specifications on insects and plants. The relative value of different types of oil emulsions as insecticides. Special attention is given to a discussion of the so-called “quick breaking” type of emulsion which was devised for use with very highly refined lubricating oils which are too expensive for general use unless their efficiency as insecticides is increased beyond that found in stable emulsions made from this type of oil. This system of emulsification is recommended only for oils that are practically harmless to the plant if applied pure. The use of very small amounts of emulsifiers permits the oil to separate quickly from the emulsion stage, thus making the oil more effective and decreases the amount of oil in the runoff.
Size of cardiac ventricles in experimental hyperthyroidism in the rat.

SummaryExperimental hyperthyroidism was induced in male white rats by the administration of T3. A significant degree of cardiac hypertrophy was produced. The hearts were fixed in a 4% solution of formaldehyde, and the ventricles were partitioned and weighed. The right ventricle showed proportionally a greater degree of hypertrophy (on a percentage basis almost twofold) than the left.
Impact of Salesperson Attraction on Sales Managers’ Attributions and Feedback:

The authors develop a model of how a salesperson's task and social attraction affect a sales manager's causal attributions explaining the salesperson's poor performance and the manager's corrective...
A study on the treatment of Kawasaki disease with in travenous immune globulin(IVIG)in two different doses

Objective To explore the efficacy of two-diffe rent-dose' s IVIG whic h was used to treat Kawasaki disease.Methods To review the treatment of 46cas es ad mitted to our hospital during 1996～2003.Results46cases were di vided into two groups.One group,17cases,were treated wi th IVIG 1g-kg-1,that is,400～500mg.kg-1 .d-1* 2～3d.Another group,22cases,were t reated with IVIG 2g .kg-1 ,that is,400mg.kg-1 .d-1* 5d.There was no obvious statistical difference between the two groups(P 0.05)in the lasting time of fever,blood white cell count,and coronary art ery dilati on(CAD),etc.Conclusion The efficacy of the two-different-dose ' s IVIG is almost equal in treatment of Kawasaki disease.We suggest that 1g. kg-1 IVIG should be used in order to save re soures and reduce patient ' s econom ic burden.
Analysis of different detection methods of anti-TP antibody in special populations

Objective To select a suitable method for the detection of anti-TP antibody in special groups.Methods Anti-TP antibody was detected by ELISA of double sandwich(IgM、IgG),and compare with the results of RPR.Then TPHA method was employed to confirm the reactive samples.Results The reactive rate of ELISA-IgM was 2.28%(9/1394),ELISA-IgG was 13.19%(52/394),and RPR was 3.29%(13/394).The coincidental rate between ELISA and TPHA was 97.91%(47/48),between RPR and TPHA was 25%(12/48),while that between IgM and TPHA was 75.5%(139/184).After statistical analysis,the difference between ELISA and RPR was significant,and so was that between ELISA and IgM,but there was no obvious difference between ELISA and TPHA.Conclusion ELISA was better than RPR and IgM,and suitable for the detection of anti-TP antibody in special groups.Because of its high sensitivity and specificity,it is helpful to know the situation of TP in the special groups.
A comparison of fenfluramine and amphetamine in man

dl-Fenfluramine hydrochloride (60, 120, 240 mg), d-amphetamine sulfate (20, 40 mg), and placebo were compared in 8 postaddict volunteers, each dose given orally in random sequence at weekly intervals using a double-blind crossover design. Fenfluramine had little effect on blood pressure and temperature, but caused a marked dilation of pupils, whereas amphetamine was a potent vasopressor and a weak mydriatic. While fenfluramine produced euphoria in some subjects, its overall effects were unpleasant, sedative, and qualitatively different from amphetamine. Three subjects given 240 mg of fenfluramine experienced brief but vivid hallucinogenic episodes characterized by olfactory, visual, and somatic hallucinations, abrupt polar changes in mood, time distortion, fleeting paranoia, and sexual ideation. These observations indicate that fenfluramine is a hallucinogenic agent with a pharmacologic profile in man that is not amphetamine-like.
DNA Sequencing by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanopore: A Computational Study

The single molecule detection associated with DNA sequencing has motivated intensive efforts to identify single DNA bases. However, little research has been reported utilizing single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for DNA sequencing. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore pathways for single-strand DNA (ssDNA) sequencing by nanopore on the hBN sheet. We first investigate the adhesive strength between nucleobases and the hBN sheet, which provides the foundation for the hBN-base interaction and nanopore sequencing mechanism. Simulation results show that the purine base has a more remarkable energy profile and affinity than the pyrimidine base on the hBN sheet. The threading of ssDNA through the hBN nanopore can be clearly identified due to their different energy profiles and conformations with circular nanopores on the hBN sheet. The sequencing process is orientation dependent when the shape of the hBN nanopore deviates from the circle. Our results open up a promising avenue to explore the capability of DNA sequencing by hBN nanopore.
Traumatic Injuries to the Dentition and its Supporting Structures

Most traumatic injuries to the teeth and their supporting structures constitute a true dental emergency, and because teeth have the lowest potential of any tissue for returning to a normal healthy state following injury, most injuries require urgent evaluation and treatment. The pediatrician will often be the first health professional to examine the injured child. Traumatic injuries to the primary and permanent teeth and their supporting structures are discussed and special emphasis is placed on the role of the physician in the early assessment and care of these injuries.
Combination Osteoporosis Therapy with Parathyroid Hormone

Currently available antiresorptive and anabolic therapies increase bone mineral density modestly and reduce fractures, but cannot restore skeletal integrity in most patients. Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated using antiresorptive agents (bisphosphonates, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators) in combination with daily subcutaneous parathyroid hormone (PTH) as a way to stimulate even greater increases in bone mass and perhaps also bone strength. Specifically, combining PTH and bisphosphonates has been explored in numerous clinical trials, with none showing a consistent advantage compared to either drug alone. The explanations for this lack of superiority are unclear, but may be partially explained by the bisphosphonate-induced balanced suppression of PTH’s stimulation of osteoblast and osteoclast function. In contrast, the combination of PTH and the nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, denosumab, does increase bone mineral density more than either drug alone. Moreover, non-traditional dosing strategies involving parathyroid hormone and bisphosphonates or selective estrogen receptor modulators have also recently shown promise. The distinct characteristics of the many PTH-containing combination approaches are discussed in detail in this chapter, as are studies exploring the influence of prior antiresorptive use on subsequent parathyroid hormone therapy. The utility of initiating antiresorptive therapy after a completed course of PTH is also reviewed.
Birth Weight and Early Cognitive Skills: Can Parenting Offset the Link?

Objectives There is an enduring negative association between low birth weight (<2500 g) and early childhood cognitive skills. This study examines if parenting practices meaningfully contribute to or offset birth weight disparities in cognitive development prior to formal schooling. Methods This study uses the ECLS-B, a nationally representative sample of live births in the United States in 2001. Unlike studies focused on one or two measures of parenting and investment, this study considers a wide array parenting measures collected at multiple time points, tracked from before birth across 5 years of development. Results Regression results show that nearly 50 % of the low-birth-weight gap in early math and reading ability is associated with family socioeconomic status. Between-family OLS regressions show that parenting practices, including "parental interaction," "cognitive stimulation," and "parent quality", are negatively associated with low birth weight and positively associated with improved cognitive skill among all children. After adjustment for family socioeconomic status, parenting practices did little to offset (by mediation or moderation) remaining birth weight disparities in early cognitive development. Conclusions Effective parenting is positively associated with cognitive development, but parenting is not a panacea-the developmental disadvantages associated with poor child health are not linked to parenting practices. We argue that birth weight disparities are rooted in biology and cannot easily be offset by parenting practices.
Comparison Between Liquid and Paste Karl Fischer Extractions for NIRS Water Calibrations

Les deux protocoles d'extraction sont equivalents pour le dosage de l'eau dans les cereales et les aliments composes pour le betail
Prevalence and Magnitude of Trends in Peak Annual Flow and 5-, 10-, and 20-Year Flows in the Northeastern United States

AbstractThis study assessed trends in flows of return periods of 5, 10, and 20 years and in the peak annual flow (PAF). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream-gauging stations in the northeastern United States (n=93) were analyzed, including 34 gauges in the USGS’s Hydroclimatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN), which are mostly unaffected by land-use change. For each gauge, flood flows were determined for a series of sequential blocks, each 10 years long. Approximately 26% of HCDN gauges and approximately 17% of non-HCDN gauges showed a statistically significant (alpha=0.05) increasing trend for at least one return period on the basis of the Mann-Kendall test; no gauge showed a decreasing trend. The percentage of gauges with increasing trends was approximately the same, regardless of return period. Regarding magnitude of these statistically significant trends assessed via Sen slope, the average rate of increase for gauges was ∼1.8% per year, again regardless of return period, which is larger than the average r...
Simulation, Microfabrication, and Control of a Microheater Array

This paper describes the simulation, fabrication, and feedback control of a microheater array designed for the implementation of real-time control during thermal evolution of microstructure. The ten-channel heating array was designed through finite element simulation and microfabricated to be compatible with in situ imaging in a scanning electron microscope. Control algorithms are implemented that demonstrate cooperative control of the temperature (using calibrated Ti heater line resistances as a proxy) across the set of channels in the array. The goal of this system is to be able to generate controlled thermal, and thus microstructural, and property distribution during processing of polycrystalline materials.
Vector Space Ideas Computing A^m

We discuss an algorithm with a simplistic approach to solving systems of linear equations arising from the application of real-valued vector space ideas to the computation of the large powers of square matrices.
RNA purification - Precipitation methods

When working with RNA, the need often arises to concentrate a sample or purify it from various salts, nucleotides, and proteins. RNA precipitation is an easy and cost-effective method for the concentration of RNA, leaving a pellet that can be resuspended in the buffer of choice.
Home visits for elderly persons after hospital discharge did not reduce mortality or hospital readmissions but reduced the use of institutional care

Source Citation Hansen FR, Spedtsberg K, Schroll M. Geriatric follow-up by home visits after discharge from hospital: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing. 1992 Nov;21:445-50.
Achieving and maintaining metadata quality: Toward a sustainable workflow for the IDEALS institutional repository

This article documents the steps taken to assess metadata errors within the IDEALS repository. It describes the workflows established to create accurate and consistent metadata, focusing especially...
Why People Evade Taxes in Armenia: A Look at an Ethical Issue Based on a Summary of Interviews

This article summarizes the results of interviews conducted in Armenia to determine the reasons why Armenians evade the payment of taxes. The two main reasons the author found were that tax evasion is easy because there is no mechanism in place to collect taxes and there is a widespread feeling that people do not owe anything to the government because the government does not do anything for them.
Combined Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Tibial Tuberosity Transposition: An Ex Vivo Mechanical Study.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the load at failure and mode of failure between (1) tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and combined TPLO and tibial tuberosity transposition (TPLO-TTT) (Phase I) and (2) TPLO-TTT and tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) (Phase II). Methods Seven pairs of cadaveric tibiae were tested in each of the Phase I (TPLO vs. TPLO-TTT) and Phase II (TPLO-TTT vs. TTT) experiments. One limb of each pair was randomly assigned to one of two groups for each experimental phase. A tensile force was applied to the patellar ligament until construct failure occurred. Results There was a significant difference in mean load at failure between TPLO (2092.8 N) and TPLO-TTT (1067.8 N), p = 0.004. All TPLO constructs failed by fracture of the tibial crest. The TPLO-TTT constructs failed by cranial displacement of the distal tibial crest. Additionally, the tibial plateau was displaced in the majority of limbs. There was a significant difference in mean load at failure between TPLO-TTT (1157.6 N) and TTT (1394.0 N), p = 0.025. The TTT constructs demonstrated a similar mode of failure as TPLO-TTT. Clinical Significance Although ex vivo mechanical testing does not replicate the postoperative clinical scenario, these results demonstrate reduced construct strength of the combined TPLO-TTT technique compared with TPLO or TTT alone. When performing TPLO-TTT, meticulous technique and implants of adequate strength must be employed to create a robust construct and minimize postoperative tibial crest fixation failure.
Nature, Mind, and Medicine: A Model for Mind-Body Healing.

Objective The human mind-body possesses a remarkable innate ability to heal. Grounded in the evolutionarily conserved systems of the brain and body, nature appears to function as the fundamental source of wellness along the two vectors of attention and relaxation. Yet, our species is moving away from nature at a time when humanity is just beginning to rediscover its benefits. Conclusions Exposure to natural environments may provide a "window" of healing that can be extended through a continuum of intervention through the use of guided meditation and ultimately hypnotic suggestion. The result may be an improved ability to promote greater executive functioning and more robust immune regulation. The time has come for a more holistic medicine guided by the hand of nature.
Changing outpatient referral patterns in a small pediatric nephrology practice

We have noted a large number of referrals for abnormal kidney imaging and laboratory tests and postulated that such referrals have increased significantly over time. Understanding changes in referral patterns is helpful in tailoring education and communication between specialists and primary providers. We performed a retrospective chart review of new patient referrals to Mary Bridge Children’s Nephrology clinic for early (2002 to 2004) and late (2011 to 2013) cohorts. The overall and individual frequencies of referrals for various indications were compared. The overall number of new visits was similar for early (511) and late (509) cohorts. The frequency of referrals for solitary kidneys and multi-cystic dysplastic kidneys, microalbuminuria and abnormal laboratory results increased significantly (Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval of OR: 1.920 [1.079, 3.390], 2.862 [1.023, 8.006], 2.006 [1.083, 3.716], respectively) over the time interval while the proportion of referrals for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) decreased by half (OR: 0.472, 95% CI: 0.288, 0.633). Similarly, referrals for urinary tract dilation and hydronephrosis occurred significantly less often (8% versus 6%, OR: 0.737, 95% CI: 0.452, 1.204) with similar changes in referrals for voiding issues (OR: 0.281, 95% CI: 0.137, 0.575). However, these changes were not statistically significant. Frequencies for other indications showed little variation. Changes in indications for referral likely reflect evolution of practice in management of UTIs and VUR and increased use of imaging and laboratory testing by pediatric providers. These findings have relevance for ongoing education of pediatricians and support the need for collaboration between primary providers and nephrologists to assure the judicious use of resources.
1 – Overview of Behavioral Assessment with Adults

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that behavioral assessment can be best understood by explicating its relationship to three contexts: its role with respect to the general purposes of assessment in science; its role with respect to traditional assessment; and its current and historical roles in behavior therapy and applied behavior analysis. This chapter examines behavioral assessment in these three contexts as well as discusses issues such as some of the common difficulties posed in the task of accurate measurement, controversies concerning how behavioral assessment instruments ought to be evaluated, and the ethics of behavioral assessment. Behavioral assessment requires diligent attention to ethical principles and guidelines to be conducted competently. Obviously, behavioral practitioners are required to know and adhere to the ethical guidelines provided by the APA. However, they must also remain mindful of the specific applications of the code to behavioral strategies, as discussed earlier. Furthermore, behavioral ethicists should be encouraged to develop specific guidelines for the ethical application of behavioral assessments.
Selective benefit of adjuvant chemoradiation in resectable pancreatic cancer.

4122Background: Although level 1 data supports the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the role of adjuvant chemoradiation (ACRT) remains controversial....
Prevalence and Spectrum of Breast Cancer Inherited Mutations in Uganda and Cameroon Women

Background: Breast cancer among indigenous Africans is characterized by higher prevalence of triple-negative disease and poor prognosis. A previous study in Nigeria reported a strikingly high preva...
In-Group Favoritism

Lucia, pictured below was a 34-year-old woman who presented with numbness in her fingertips for the past week. She was told she had likely carpal tunnel syndrome and told that her symptoms would improve with weight-loss and the use of splints at night. Lucia’s symptoms gradually abated over the next few weeks. She returned 1 year later with visual loss in her right eye. She was diagnosed with optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) at that time. Lucia was able to contrast her experience with that of her friend Clara, also pictured below, who presented with similar numbness the next year and was rapidly diagnosed with MS based on MRIs (Fig. 1).
Mechanical property enhancement of one-dimensional nanostructures through defect-mediated strain engineering

Abstract The presence of defects is assumed to deteriorate mechanical properties, which has led to immense focus on fabricating perfect nanostructures. Herein, we prove that inherent defects can be employed to enhance the mechanical characteristics of low-dimensional materials via the molecular dynamics (MD) technique: defective nanobelts (NBs) are found to have higher critical stress and Young’s modulus compared with their perfect counterparts — up to 63% and 26%, respectively. Such an improvement has already been observed in nanowires (NWs), and can be justified by the interaction between localized Stacking fault (SF)-induced stress and surface stress. Additionally, twin boundary formation was observed to occur as an alternative stress relaxation mechanism in high densities of SFs, which delays wurtzite to hexagonal phase transition and further gives rise to structural toughness by forming a plateau in the stress–strain curve. Further, a systematic study was performed to investigate the effect of various design parameters, e.g., size, aspect ratio, and random distribution, on the mechanical response of the defective NBs.
Sex differences in eating related behaviors and psychopathology among adolescent military dependents at risk for adult obesity and eating disorders.

Abstract Stressors unique to military families may place dependents of military service members of both sexes at high-risk for disordered-eating. Yet, there are no data examining sex-related differences in eating pathology and distress among this population. Therefore, we examined disordered-eating attitudes and associated psychosocial characteristics in adolescent military dependents at high-risk for both eating disorders and adult obesity (i.e., BMI ≥ 85th percentile and elevated anxiety symptoms and/or loss-of-control eating). One-hundred-twenty-five (55.2% female) adolescent (12–17 y) military dependents were studied prior to entry in an eating disorder and obesity prevention trial. Youth were administered the Eating Disorder Examination interview to determine disordered-eating attitudes, and completed questionnaires to assess self-esteem, social functioning, and depression. Girls and boys did not differ in BMIz (p = .66) or race/ethnicity (p = .997/p = .55). Adjusting for relevant covariates, girls and boys did not differ significantly with regard to disordered-eating global scores (p = .38), self-esteem (p = .23), or social functioning (p = .19). By contrast, girls reported significantly more symptoms of depression (p = .001). Adolescent male and female dependents at high-risk for eating disorders and adult obesity reported comparable levels of eating-related and psychosocial stress. Data are needed to elucidate how adolescent military dependents respond to intervention and whether sex moderates outcome.
Assessing Relationships Between Physical Development and Other Indicators of School Readiness Among Preschool Students

Purpose: Physical development is an integral part of a child’s overall development. Evidence suggests that physical development and physical activity are positively correlated with positive academi...
Torque-dependent remodeling of the bacterial flagellar motor

Multisubunit protein complexes are ubiquitous in biology and perform a plethora of essential functions. Most of the scientific literature treats such assemblies as static: their function is assumed to be independent of their manner of assembly, and their structure is assumed to remain intact until they are degraded. Recent observations of the bacterial flagellar motor, among others, bring these notions into question. The torque-generating stator units of the motor assemble and disassemble in response to changes in load. Here, we used electrorotation to drive tethered cells forward, which decreases motor load, and measured the resulting stator dynamics. No disassembly occurred while the torque remained high, but all of the stator units were released when the motor was spun near the zero-torque speed. When the electrorotation was turned off, so that the load was again high, stator units were recruited, increasing motor speed in a stepwise fashion. A model in which speed affects the binding rate and torque affects the free energy of bound stator units captures the observed torque-dependent stator assembly dynamics, providing a quantitative framework for the environmentally regulated self-assembly of a major macromolecular machine.
The impact of nano-bubbles on the laser performance of hafnia films deposited by oxygen assisted ion beam sputtering method

Hafnia is a high refractive index material used in the manufacturing of dielectric coatings for next generation lasers. The formation of defects during deposition is the major barrier to realizing high laser-damage resistant coatings for future high energy density laser applications. Understanding the precursors responsible for laser-induced damage in hafnia is therefore critical. In this work, we investigate the mechanism of laser-induced damage in 90-nm thick hafnia films produced by an oxygen assisted dual ion beam sputtering (IBS) process. Under pulsed, nanosecond ultraviolet laser exposure (355 nm, 8 ns), the laser-induced damage onset is found to be strongly dependent on the amount of argon and excessive oxygen entrapped in the nanobubbles within the hafnia films. The presence of nanobubbles is revealed and confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering and scanning/transmission electron microscopy coupled with high-angle annular dark-field. The damage onset is stable initially but decreases as the energy of oxygen goes beyond 100 eV. The damage initiation is ascribed to a laser-induced plasma generation within the nanobubbles through multiphoton ionization. The results reveal that nanobubbles formed in the IBS produced coatings are a potent precursor. Although nanobubbles are commonly present in IBS films, their negative impact on laser damage resistance of hafnia films has not been previously recognized. Our findings provide a fundamental basis for the development of potential mitigation strategies required for the realization of laser damage resistant hafnia films.
Quantifying the human milk oligosaccharides 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose in different food applications by high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection.

In recent years, production of biosynthesized human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has become scalable to industrial standards. As a result, infant formula fortified with 2’‐fucosyllactose (2’‐FL), the most abundant HMO in human breast milk, is now commercially available. 2’‐FL and 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL), another abundant HMO, are thought to be beneficial for infant health and development. Products containing HMOs are projected to expand in the future, showing the need for robust, easily applicable analytical methods for the quantitative assessment of HMOs in different food applications. We present here a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in whole milk, infant formula, and cereal bars. The sample preparation was simple dispersion and extraction of the sample. The samples were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with refractive index detection and a runtime of 19 min. The method had a high degree of linearity (R² > 0.9995) in the range 0.2 to 12 mg/mL. The recovery for 2’‐FL was 88% to 105% and for 3‐FL 94% to 112%. The limit of detection (LOD) for whole milk was 0.1 mg/mL for 2’‐FL and 0.2 mg/mL for 3‐FL. In infant formula and cereal bars, the LOD was 0.6 mg/g for both 2’‐FL and 3‐FL. To show the practical application of this method, it was successfully utilized in stability studies of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in whole milk, UHT milk, and yoghurt. The method provides a means of simultaneous and robust quantification of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in various food matrices with high accuracy and high reproducibility. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: 2’‐Fucosyllactose (2’‐FL) and 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL) are two of the most abundant human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) present in human breast milk. We present a fast HPLC method for the robust quantification of these two compounds in infant formula, whole milk, UHT milk, cereal bars, and yoghurt. This method can easily be set up by food producers and researchers to analyze the dosage of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in their product or perform shelf life studies in different food applications.
Seven Characteristics of Successful Biotechnology Leaders

Abstract The ability to continuously learn and adapt are two of the most important skill sets to successfully lead biopharmaceutical companies. The leader should be able to consistently articulate his or her vision throughout the organization, be a strategic decision maker, and be flexible enough to allow the strategic vision to adjust to the culture as well as the environment. It is also important for the leader to communicate effectively and create an organization where communication flows efficiently at all levels. Clear cultural differences exist between functional groups, and the importance of these differences should not be downplayed. Effective biotechnology leaders need to foster an innovative environment and culture. They need to empower their employees at all levels to make strategic decisions but, at the same time, know which decisions must be retained as his or her sole responsibility. In addition, biotechnology leaders need to create effective relationships across the organization and to include a diversity of thinking in strategic decision-making.
Cancer-Related Non-Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Presenting as Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), also known as marantic endocarditis, is a rare form of noninfectious endocarditis presenting with thromboembolism including ischemic cerebral stroke. It is mostly associated with advanced malignancy and characterized by the presence of sterile vegetation on heart valves. The diagnosis is usually based on vegetations seen on an echocardiogram, with negative blood cultures suggesting a noninfectious etiology. The treatment for this condition includes systemic anticoagulation. In this report, we discuss the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian female who presented to our facility with an ischemic stroke. She was found to have vegetations on the mitral valve with negative blood cultures. Further studies revealed metastatic pancreatic cancer. The patient's condition improved following in-hospital management, and she was discharged home for outpatient follow-up and treatment. Through this report, we highlight the importance of considering a search for malignancy in patients presenting with these clinical features. Early diagnosis and prompt management are critical to reduce the complications of NBTE and improve the patients' quality of life.
The Institutional Context of the International Court of Justice

This chapter, forthcoming in the Cambridge Companion to the International Court of Justice (Carlos Esposito and Kate Partlett, eds.) provides an institutional analysis of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Institutional analysis is an approach drawn from the social sciences that examines the ways in which an organization’s internal structures and external environment shape outcomes. For the ICJ, this requires examining its features as a court, as an international body, and as an organ of the United Nations. As a a court, the ICJ has both a dispute resolution function as well as a lawmaking function. and the position of the ICJ in the UN system has significant consequences for its caseload, role and effectiveness.
The homogenous alternative to biomineralization: Zn- and Mn-rich materials enable sharp organismal “tools” that reduce force requirements

We measured hardness, modulus of elasticity, and, for the first time, loss tangent, energy of fracture, abrasion resistance, and impact resistance of zinc- and manganese-enriched materials from fangs, stings and other "tools" of an ant, spider, scorpion and nereid worm. The mechanical properties of the Zn- and Mn-materials tended to cluster together between plain and biomineralized "tool" materials, with the hardness reaching, and most abrasion resistance values exceeding, those of calcified salmon teeth and crab claws. Atom probe tomography indicated that Zn was distributed homogeneously on a nanometer scale and likely bound as individual atoms to more than ¼ of the protein residues in ant mandibular teeth. This homogeneity appears to enable sharper, more precisely sculpted "tools" than materials with biomineral inclusions do, and also eliminates interfaces with the inclusions that could be susceptible to fracture. Based on contact mechanics and simplified models, we hypothesize that, relative to plain materials, the higher elastic modulus, hardness and abrasion resistance minimize temporary or permanent tool blunting, resulting in a roughly 2/3 reduction in the force, energy, and muscle mass required to initiate puncture of stiff materials, and even greater force reductions when the cumulative effects of abrasion are considered. We suggest that the sharpness-related force reductions lead to significant energy savings, and can also enable organisms, especially smaller ones, to puncture, cut, and grasp objects that would not be accessible with plain or biomineralized "tools".
The enduring effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACES) on mood dysregulation in children: A literature review

Introduction Behavioral dysregulation is a common presentation of children in the Emergency-Room (ER)1. A 10-year-old African-American boy with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder with poor treatment adherence, two previous psychiatric hospitalizations and multiple ER visits, presented with dysregulation and aggressive behavior. He had inconsistent parenting and poor attachment with present involvement of child protective services. We did a systematic review to interpret associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the development of behavioral dysregulation in later life. Objectives To see associations between ACEs and the development of behavioral dysregulation in later life. Methods We searched PsycINFO, APA PsycNet, PubMed, and Medline. Among 35 articles, five were included: 1) a meta-analysis of health consequences and ACEs1; 2) a data analysis of 64,329 youth from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice that focused on suicide attempts and ACEs2; 3) a systematic review of 42 articles related to ACEs 3; 4) data from 22,575 youth for childhood abuse, trauma and neglect 4 and 5) a multimodal logistic regression study on 64,000 juvenile offenders focused on ACE scores and latent trajectory.5 Results There is increased risk of substance use, mental and physical health problems, and violence associated with ACEs1, 2. The relationship between childhood difficulties and suicide is interceded by adolescent’s maladaptive behaviors3. By age 35, ACEs increase the risk of becoming a serious juvenile offender4. Increased exposure to ACEs differentiates early-onset and sustained criminality from other forms of criminality5. Conclusions ACEs can affect the development of a child in multiple ways including suicidal behavior, aggression, impulsivity, criminality, academic difficulties and substance abuse
Stages Along Life's Way: House of Hospitality and the Development of Dorothy Day's Spirituality

Although House of Hospitality has received less scholarly attention than Dorothy Day’s other works, it remains an essential document for understanding Day’s spiritual evolution. This paper will examine the theological language and categories used by Day in House of Hospitality to interpret her work with the poor. As will be shown, in 1939 Day’s self-understanding of her work was still (compared to her later writings) relatively unsophisticated and unduly dependent upon the language of popular Catholic piety. This lack of any sustained and consistent theological vocabulary in House of Hospitality , I argue, reveals the importance of Day’s subsequent discovery of the Retreat Movement of Father Onesimus Lacouture, S.J. and its subsequent influence on her understanding of both her conversion and the meaning of the Catholic Worker movement. I conclude that, while it is clearly an imperfect and preliminary work, House of Hospitality offers a unique backdrop against which the distinctive spirituality of her mature works is revealed even more fully. As such, it remains an indispensable witness to her life and worthy of our continued attention.
Forgotten Objectives of Physical Education

(1937). Forgotten Objectives of Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 458-513.
Enforcing International Corrupt Practices Law

Introduction 129 I. The Transnational Corruption Problem 130 II. The American Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 131 A. The Limits of Its Public Enforcement 131 III. The Internationalization of Laws Deterring Corruption 139 IV. Problems with Public Enforcement of the New International Conventions 142 V. The American Experience with Private Enforcement of Its Domestic Corrupt Practices Laws 149 VI. The Possibility of Private Enforcement of International Corrupt Practices Law in National Courts 154 A. Possible Enforcement of International Law in US. Courts 155 B. Private Enforcement in Courts of Other Nations 158 VII. Rewarding Private Enforcement in International Arbitration 160 Conclusion 164
The Usefulness of Constitutional Law

This short comment responds to Michael Stokes Paulsen’s “The Uselessness of Constitutional Law.” Paulsen makes the provocative suggestion that Constitutional Law be removed from the required curriculum at every law school in the country, and offered only as a Great Books/Great Cases elective. His goal is to foster a general liberal education that does not contribute to the corrupt, result-oriented culture of legal reasoning fostered by the Supreme Court and the legal professoriate.This response to Paulsen suggests that if his entirely plausible accusations are valid, his proposed correction is simultaneously too bold and too timid. Too bold because it sacrifices an opportunity to help students become better lawyers. Too timid because it does not propose the kind of genuinely liberal education that would equip students to undertake a serious rethinking and reform of the degenerate culture that he condemns.
Food Intake, Growth and Tissue Amino Acids in Rats Fed Amino Acid Analogues

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary additions of analogues of large neutral amino acids (LNAA), previously shown to inhibit entry of natural LNAA into brain, on food intake, growth and tissue concentrations of specific amino acids in young rats. A mixture of norleucine, norvaline, alpha-aminophenylacetate and alpha-aminooctanote (atypical amino acids, AAA) markedly depressed food intake and growth of rats fed a 6% protein diet (LP) for 10 d but not of rats fed a 50% protein diet (HP). Except in rats fed HP, dietary AAA usually decreased concentrations of LNAA more than of small neutral amino acids (SNAA) or lysine, especially in brain. Concentrations of LNAA, especially in brain and muscle of rats adapted to LP or HP meals and fed one LP-AAA meal were lower than in similar rats fed one LP meal without AAA; feeding an HP-AAA meal to such rats generally prevented or lessened these changes. AAA-induced changes in SNAA and lysine were usually small in meal-fed rats. When AAA induced decreases in LNAA, the branched-chain amino acids were usually most affected; valine and isoleucine sometimes were undetected in brain and muscle. Serotonin and dopamine concentrations were not low in brain despite low levels of tryptophan and tyrosine. Changes in tissue LNAA concentrations would appear to reflect in part competition by large neutral AAA for transport of natural LNAA from the blood.
Ecological consequences of variation in precipitation: Separating short- versus long-term effects using satellite data

Aim: Precipitation controls the production of semi-arid plants through various mechanisms that operate at a range of time-scales. Short-term variation in precipitation affects vegetation through adjustments in plant physiology and leaf phenology, whereas long-term effects are mediated by plant establishment and mortality, community composition and disturbance regimes. Our goal is to use remote sensing observations to separate the short- and long-term effects of variation in precipitation on ecosystem production. Location: California, USA. Methods: We used time series of gridded absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) to quantify the short- and long-term responses of diverse ecosystems to variation in precipitation across large productivity and precipitation gradients. We investigated the relationships between temporal sensitivity of APAR to interannual variation in precipitation and mean annual precipitation (MAP), ecosystem properties and disturbance. Results: APAR increased with precipitation both interannually within locations and across locations with MAP. The slope of the interannual relationship, which reflects the sensitivity of APAR to short-term fluctuations in precipitation, varied with climate, vegetation type and structure, and time since disturbance. The interannual APAR sensitivity decreased from c. 0.5 MJ m-2mm-1 at a MAP of 300mm year-1 to less than 0.05 MJ m-2mm-1 at 1000mm year-1. The slope of the spatial relationship, which reflects the long-term sensitivity of APAR to climate, decreased from c. 2.5 MJ m-2mm-1 at 300mm year-1 MAP to c. 0.6 MJ m-2mm-1 at 1000mm year-1. The initial physiological and leaf area effects of a precipitation shift were amplified five-fold over time by gradual changes in population density and species composition. Main conclusion: The impact of a hydroclimatic shift on the primary production, structure and function of California's terrestrial ecosystems depends heavily on time-scale and how rapidly changes in plant population density and community composition can occur. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska

We investigated prey consumption by marine birds and their contribution to cross-shelf fluxes in the northern Gulf of Alaska. We utilized data from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database for modeling energy demand and prey consumption. We found that prey consumption by marine birds was much greater over the continental shelf than it was over the basin. Over the shelf, subsurface-foraging marine birds dominated food consumption, whereas over the basin, surface-foraging birds took the most prey biomass. Daily consumption by marine birds during the non-breeding season ( winter ) from September through April was greater than daily consumption during the breeding season, between May and August. Over the shelf, shearwaters, murres and, in winter, sea ducks, were the most important consumers. Over the basin, northern fulmars, gulls and kittiwakes predominated in winter and storm-petrels dominated in May to August. Our results suggest that marine birds contribute little to cross-shelf fluxes of energy or matter, but they do remove energy from the marine system through consumption, respiration and migration. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Separation of satellites in near-circular orbits by circumferential impulse

References 1 Sartell, R. J. and Lorenz, G. C., "A new technique for measurement of aerodynamic heating distributions on models of hypersonic vehicles," Proceedings of 1962 X-20A Symposium Mechanics Institute (Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 1964). 2 Kemp, N. H., Rose, P. EL, and Detra, R. W., "Laminar heat transfer around blunt bodies in dissociated air," J. Aerospace Sci. 26,421-430(1959). 3 Kafka, P. G. and Anderson, L. H., "Aerothermodynamics testing techniques," Proceedings of 1962 X-20A Symposium, Aeronautical Systems Div. ASD-TDR-63-148, Vol. II (March 1963).
Time-frequency filtering for classifying targets in nonstationary clutter

Classifying underwater targets from their sonar backscatter is often complicated by induced or self-noise (i.e. clutter, reverberation) arising from the scattering of the sonar pulse from non-target objects. Because clutter is inherently nonstationary, and because the propagation environment can induce nonstationarities as well, in addition to any nonstationarities / time-varying spectral components of the target echo itself, a joint phase space approach to target classification has been explored. In this paper, we apply a previously developed minimum mean square time-frequency spectral estimation method to design a bank of time-frequency filters from training data to distinguish targets from clutter. The method is implemented in the ambiguity domain in order to reduce computational requirements. In this domain, the optimal filter (more commonly called a “kernel” in the time-frequency literature) multiples the ambiguity function of the received signal, and then the mean squared distance to each target class is computed. Simulations demonstrate that the class-specific optimal kernel better separates each target from the clutter and other targets, compared to a simple mean-squared distance measure with no kernel processing.