cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiolabeled PNAs for imaging gene expression

Scintigraphic imaging of gene expression in vivo by non-invasive means could precisely direct physicians to appropriate intervention at the onset of disease and could contribute extensively to the management of patients. However, no method is currently available to image specific overexpressed oncogene mRNAs in vivo by scintigraphic imaging. Nevertheless, we have observed that Tc-99m-peptides can delineate tumors, and that PNA-peptides are specific for receptors on malignant cells and are taken up specifically and concentrated in nuclei. We hypothesize that antisense Tc-99m-PNA-peptides will be taken up by human breast cancer cells, hybridize to complementary mRNA targets, and permit imaging of oncogene mRNAs in human breast cancer xenografts in a mouse model, providing a proof-of-principle for non-invasive detection of precancerous and invasive breast cancer. Oncogenes cyclin D1, erbB-2, c-MYC, and tumor suppressor p53 will be probed. If successful, this technique will be useful for diagnostic imaging of other solid tumors as well.
Parallel multiple target tracking using multiple cooperative trackers

In this paper, we present a parallel multiple target tracking framework using multiple cooperative trackers. The multiple target occlusion problem is handled by modeling the interaction among different targets' observations and solving the data association through a recursive estimation. The computational complexity of the proposed approach increases linearly with the number of targets which yields a much faster implementation than existing multiple target tracking algorithms. Experimental results have been demonstrated on real-world videos.
Myosin heavy chain and fibre diameter of extrinsic tongue muscles in rhesus monkey.

Summary Objective The purpose of this investigation was to identify the myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype and fibre diameters of hypoglossal innervated extrinsic tongue muscles in rhesus monkey. Methods Genioglossus, styloglossus and hyoglossus muscle samples obtained from three female rhesus monkeys were analysed for MHC isoforms via gel electrophoresis and stained with MHC antibodies to measure least mean diameters. Results MHC phenotypes were consistent for all three muscles. Each muscle was predominantly composed of MHC type IIa and I. All three isoforms were significantly different from each other in fibre diameter for styloglossus and genioglossus (IIb > IIa and IIx > I; P P Conclusions While the extrinsic tongue muscle MHC and/or muscle fibre type composition may be different between mammalian species, there are consistent similarities between the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. We suggest this is necessary for the highly coordinated activities performed by the tongue such as mastication, respiration and swallowing. The differences in fibre diameters among MHC isoforms suggest a large force gradation, which would be consistent with the coordination of these activities. The similarities among primates in MHC and/or muscle fibre composition as well as similar cortical inputs to the hypoglossal nucleus, suggest that we could expect to see similar MHC phenotype for extrinsic tongue muscles in human.
Embedded Identities and Dialogic Consensus: Educational implications from the communitarian theory of Bhikhu Parekh

In this article the author will investigate the extent to which Bhikhu Parekh believes that a person's cultural/religious background must be preserved and whether, by implication, religious schooling is justified by his theory. His discussion will explore—by inference and implication—whether Parekh's carefully crafted multiculturalism, enriched and illuminated by numerous practical insights, is socially tenable. The author will also consider whether, by extension, it is justifiable, on his line of reasoning, to cultivate cultural and religious understandings among one's own children. Finally, the author will contend that Parekh, notwithstanding his cautious, even‐handed approach, commits several important errors, including conflating the culture of the parents with that of the children and insisting that cultural and religious persons ought to be allowed to defend their views in the public square on religious grounds.
Frequency-Independent $RC$ Circuit Model for One-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures

We demonstrate that a frequency-independent parallel RC circuit is the simplest model that accurately describes high-frequency electrical conduction in 1-D nanostructures. The resistance is determined from dc measurement, and the capacitance is extracted directly from the measured S-parameters for a ground-signal-ground test structure, without using any fitting parameter. The methodology is applied to carbon nanofibers, and the RC model yields results that are within ±0.5 dB and ±5° of the measured S-parameters up to 50 GHz. The model is further justified by examining the relationship between S- and Y-parameters of the test network.
Uncontrolled fires— Specific burning rates and induced air velocities

Laboratory experiments were conducted to demonstrate that a large fire area will, by virtue of its size alone, induce winds which accelerate specific burning rates into those observed in fire storms. Although the presumed correlations were not borne out by the test results, several interesting observations were made.
Temporal variation in inhospital mortality with percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry.

Background Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality display a distinct time dependence also known as circadian variation. Whether such time dependence extends to the risk of procedural-related mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is presently unknown. Methods Inhospital mortality was analyzed in 6347 patients with PCI start times from 8:00 am to 6:59 pm (“usual” workday). The sample was divided into 3 evenly populated groups (morning start 8:00-10:59 am , midday start 11:00 am -1:59 pm , afternoon start 2:00-6:59 pm ). The association between procedural start time and mortality was assessed using multivariable analysis including a propensity score accounting for factors associated with procedural start time. Results There was a significant, nonlinear relationship between procedural-related mortality and start time ( P = .03). Afternoon start patients were at higher adjusted risk of mortality compared with midday start patients (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.07-3.83, P = .03 ). Morning start patients were also at higher risk compared with midday start patients although the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.89-3.39, P = .11). Conclusions There is a significant time-dependent variation in the risk of inhospital PCI-related mortality during usual working hours. The highest risk period, taking into account numerous factors that confound this association, is the latter part of the workday. A second period of apparent greater risk occurs during the early part of the workday and is consistent with our present understanding of circadian variation in cardiovascular disease processes.
Climate Change Simulations Predict Altered Biotic Response in a Thermally Heterogeneous Stream System

Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures in many lotic systems, but little is known about how changes in air temperature affect lotic systems heavily influenced by groundwater. Our objectives were to document spatial variation in temperature for spring-fed Ozark streams in Southern Missouri USA, create a spatially explicit model of mean daily water temperature, and use downscaled climate models to predict the number of days meeting suitable stream temperature for three aquatic species of concern to conservation and management. Longitudinal temperature transects and stationary temperature loggers were used in the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers during 2012 to determine spatial and temporal variability of water temperature. Groundwater spring influence affected river water temperatures in both winter and summer, but springs that contributed less than 5% of the main stem discharge did not affect river temperatures beyond a few hundred meters downstream. A multiple regression model using variables related to season, mean daily air temperature, and a spatial influence factor (metric to account for groundwater influence) was a strong predictor of mean daily water temperature (r2 = 0.98; RMSE = 0.82). Data from two downscaled climate simulations under the A2 emissions scenario were used to predict daily water temperatures for time steps of 1995, 2040, 2060, and 2080. By 2080, peak numbers of optimal growth temperature days for smallmouth bass are expected to shift to areas with more spring influence, largemouth bass are expected to experience more optimal growth days (21 – 317% increase) regardless of spring influence, and Ozark hellbenders may experience a reduction in the number of optimal growth days in areas with the highest spring influence. Our results provide a framework for assessing fine-scale (10 s m) thermal heterogeneity and predict shifts in thermal conditions at the watershed and reach scale.
The Artificial Anus in the Bird

Abstract IN BIRDS, studies on separately voided urine and feces are best carried out by means of an artificial anus. Although feces-free urine can be collected in the bird by catheterization, and urine-free feces by ligation of the ureters, such techniques induce abnormal changes in the animal, and are not suitable for more than acute experiments. With the artificial anus, however, a nearly normal animal is obtained. The cloaca serves as a urinary bladder and still functions to resorb water. The distal end of the rectum is brought through the body wall and everted on itself to serve as an anal opening. Separate or simultaneous urine and feces collections can be made on the same animal. Although the usefulness of such a physiological preparation is obvious, there are very few references to it in the literature. In addition, the ones that do exist give no hint in their titles that they . . .
Misleading appearances in pediatric uroradiology.

Certain misleading appearances are peculiar to pediatric uroradiology. The most frequently encountered pitfalls are related to the bladder, to vesicoureteral reflux, and to the duplicated collecting system. The bi-chambered nature of the child's bladder, and the rapid settling of contrast material to the most dependent portion causes many pitfalls in diagnosis. When the child is prone, normal ureters may seem to be ectopic, and ureteroceles may become invisible. When the child is supine, the volume of urine in the bladder may be grossly under-estimated. Reflux can mimic function at urography. The dynamic nature of reflux leads to under-estimation of its presence and degree on the IVP and static cystogram. Reflux into an already dilated system can lead to over-estimation of its degree. Aberrant micturition with rapid refilling of the bladder can simulate incomplete emptying. The diagnosis of “ectopic ureterocele” is based on indirect evidence. Any condition that affects the urinary apparatus in the same way will have a similar appearance. A huge ureterocele may have a small ureter, and massive reflux into a lower pole ureter may make the diagnosis of duplication difficult. Ureterocele “lookalikes”, and effacement or intussusception of the ureterocele are cystographic pitfalls. Lower pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction and Wilms tumor in the lower portion of a kidney can have surprisingly similar appearances.
Caffeine and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone increased evoked and spontaneous release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from intact presynaptic terminals.

Abstract In bullfrog sympathetic ganglia, the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ store and mitochondria modulate [Ca2+] within nerve terminals. We used caffeine (10 mM) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (10 μM) to assess how these Ca2+ stores affect release of a neuropeptide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, from these nerve terminals. Release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was evoked by electrical stimulation to presynaptic nerves and was monitored as a late slow excitatory postsynaptic potential in ganglionic neurons. Caffeine increased release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone similarly whether the release was evoked by 4 or 20 Hz stimulations (by 2.7±1.1- and 3.2±0.9-fold, mean±S.E.M., n=27, respectively). Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone augmented release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone evoked by 4 Hz stimulation much more strongly (by 11.8±1.8-fold) than it increased the release evoked by 20 Hz stimulation (by 3.6±1.3-fold, n=25). We detected spontaneous release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone as a slow hyperpolarization in response to a brief application of an antagonist to the receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in 65% (34 of 52) and 39% (11 of 28) of the ganglionic B and C neurons, respectively. Caffeine increased spontaneous release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by 2.3±0.7-fold (n=6) whereas carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone increased this release by 4.27- and 1.76-fold (n=2). Facilitation of Ca2+ release from the intracellular store by caffeine and inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ removal by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone increased spontaneous as well as evoked release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Moreover, caffeine increments of evoked release did not depend on the firing frequency of the nerve whereas carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone augmentations of evoked release strongly depended on the firing frequency.
Morphology of silicon epitaxial layers grown by undercooling of a saturated tin melt

Abstract The surface quality of epitaxial silicon layers, grown by the undercooling of a tin melt saturated with silicon, is examined as a function of the growth conditions. It is observed that, at slow cooling rates where the growth is mass-transport controlled, striations are present on thin epitaxial layers and the surface quality improves with increasing layer thickness. As the cooling rate is increased, the surface quality deteriorates due to the formation of ripples on the surface arising from constitutional supercooling effects. At very high cooling rates, the growth becomes kinetically controlled, and the surface quality becomes worse with increasing layer thickness due to the occurrence of vicinal growth with a stepped surface arising from surface misorientation of the substrate qith respect to the (111) plane.
Renal Iodine Dye Risk, Age, and the Acute Coronary Syndrome.

In this issue of Angiology, Toso et al assessed the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in 128 of 615 patients, as defined by network criteria for AKI in the Italian Elderly Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) study, involving patients 75 years. They surprisingly reported that their elderly patients who underwent coronary angiography with iodine dye did not have increased rates of AKI. Consideration of this observation is warranted.
A Hybrid Statistical Technique for Modeling Recurrent Tracks in a Compact Set

In this technical note we present a hybrid statistical approach for modeling a vehicle's behavior as it traverses a compact set in Euclidean space. We use Symbolic Transfer Functions (STF), developed by the authors for modeling stochastic input/output systems whose inputs and outputs are both purely symbolic. We apply STF to our problem by assuming that the input symbols represent regions of space through which a track is passing while the output represents specific linear functions that more precisely model the behavior of the track. A target's behavior is modeled at two levels of precision: The symbolic model provides a probability distribution on the next region of space and behavior (linear function) that a vehicle will execute, while the continuous model predicts the position of the vehicle using classical statistical methods. The following results are presented: (i) An algorithm that parsimoniously partitions the space of the vehicle and models the behavior in the partitions with linear functions. (ii) A demonstration of our approach using real-world ship track data.
Understanding cooperative advertising participation rates in conventional channels

Cooperative advertising plans feature prominently in marketing programs in conventional channels and make up the majority of marketing funds in some product categories. Available data show that coo...
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Substrate Physicochemical Parameters in Different-aged Barrier Island Marshes

Abstract Physicochemical substrate parameters were measured monthly from June to October 1990 in two young and two old barrier island marshes off the eastern shore of Virginia. Porewater salinity, substrate redox potential (E H ), organic matter content, and sediment grain size were measured at three depths at high marsh and low marsh stations of all four sites. Porewater ammonium and phosphate, and extractable ammonium were also measured at one old and one young marsh site. Higher sand content, lower organic content, and lower elevation of the young sites relative to the old sites was representative of differences in development time between the different-aged sites. Porewater salinity peaked in mid-summer at higher levels at the old sites relative to the young sites and was higher at the high marsh stations compared to the low marsh stations of both old sites and one young site. Substrate E H was higher at the young sites, presumably as a function of better drainage related to a coarser-grain size and a steeper topographic slope relative to the old sites. Nutrient pools increased throughout the growing season in both the young and old sites, but peaked at higher levels in the old marsh below 10 cm which was consistent with the finer-grain size and higher organic content at depth of the latter site. Differences in physical substrate characteristics, E H , and nutrient pools, found in this study, generally agree with other age comparison studies which are usually between young, created marshes and older, natural marshes. Created marshes have been shown to develop inorganic nutrient pools comparable to established, natural marshes in 2-15 years. The results of this study, representing few comparisons of substrate nutrient concentration in natural, different-aged marshes, demonstrated that nutrient pools are comparable at 10 cm between 10-13-year-old marshes and marshes whose age is most likely in the hundreds of years. Nutrient pools at 30 and 50 cm of young marshes take longer than 10-13 years to reach levels comparable to older marshes at the same depths.
Classification of Volatile Engine Particles

Volatile particles cannot be detected at the engine exhaust by an aerosol detector. They are formed when the exhaust is mixed with ambient air downstream. Lack of a precise definition of volatile engine particles has been an impediment to engine manufacturers and regulatory agencies involved in the development of an effective control strategy. It is beyond doubt that volatile particles from combustion sources contribute to the atmospheric particulate burden, and the effect of that contribution is a critical issue in the ongoing research in the areas of air quality and climate change. A new instrument, called volatile particle separator (VPS), has been developed. It utilizes a proprietary microporous metallic membrane to separate particles from vapors. VPS data were used in the development of a two-parameter function to quantitatively classify, for the first time, the volatilization behavior of engine particles. The value of parameter A describes the volatilization potential of an aerosol. A nonvolatile particle has a larger A-value than a volatile one. The value of parameter k, an effective evaporation energy barrier, is found to be much smaller for small engine particles than that for large engine particles. The VPS instrument provides a means beyond just being a volatile particlemore » remover; it enables a numerical definition to characterize volatile engine particles.« less
Expression and alternative splicing of folate pathway genes in HapMap lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Aim: Folate is vital for cell growth and development through its important role in one-carbon metabolism – an essential process in the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids. Folate pathway genes have been considered as therapeutic targets of drugs for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Racial and ethnic disparities of folate metabolism and outcome of antifolate therapies have been reported. In this study, we evaluate the genetic regulation for expression and alternative splicing of folate related genes in HapMap lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of individuals of European and African descent. Materials & methods: Gene and exon level expression and alternative splicing of folate pathway genes were compared in LCLs derived from the Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) from Utah (CEU) and the Yoruba from Ibadan (YRI) using a permutation-based test. A genome-wide association study was performed to search for SNPs associated with folate pathway gene expressions and alternative splicing in...
Looking Happy: The Experimental Manipulation of a Positive Visual Attention Bias

Individuals with a positive visual attention bias may use their gaze to regulate their emotions while under stress. The current study experimentally trained differential biases in participants' (N = 55) attention toward positive or neutral information. In each training trial, one positive and one neutral word were presented and then a visual target appeared consistently in the location of the positive or neutral words. Participants were instructed to make a simple perceptual discrimination response to the target. Immediately before and after attentional training, participants were exposed to a stress task consisting of viewing a series of extremely negative images while having their eyes tracked. Visual fixation time to negative images, assessed with an eye tracker, served as an indicator of using gaze to successfully regulate emotion. Those participants experimentally trained to selectively attend to affectively positive information looked significantly less at the negative images in the visual stress task following the attentional training, thus demonstrating a learned aversion to negative stimuli. Participants trained toward neutral information did not show this biased gaze pattern.
Microgels or microcapsules? Role of morphology on the release kinetics of thermoresponsive PNIPAm-co-PEGMa hydrogels

The effect of morphology of PNIPAm, PEGMa and PNIPAm-co-PEGMa hydrogels on the uptake and delivery (release kinetics) of a model drug (FITC–dextran) was investigated. Two types of hydrogel architectures: microgels and microcapsules, without and with core–shell morphology, were synthesized. The microcapsules had 30–50% greater uptake compared to the corresponding microgel architecture. The estimated pore size for the PNIPAm, PNIPAm-co-PEGMa and PEGMa hydrogels were 78, 92 and 130 A, respectively. The drug release was performed at 25, 37 (physiological temperature), and 45 °C (targeted stimulating temperature). Diffusion coefficients at temperatures below VPTT of the microgels showed close correlation with the pore size, but this was not the case for the microcapsules. The release kinetics is dominated by temperature responsiveness at T greater than the VPTT and by hydrogel morphology at T VPTT. More than 80% of the drug was released in the first 10 min using the temperature responsive microcapsule, compared to 1 h for the corresponding microgel. Unlike prior reports in the literature, the release of FITC–dextran is characteristic of a Super Case II Fickian diffusion and Anomalous release mechanism for the copolymer microgels when T > VPTT and for the PNIPAm and PEGMa microgels when T < VPTT. These results demonstrate the feasibility of modulating the release profile of encapsulated proteins (for tissue repair), chemotherapeutics (for drug delivery) and nucleic acids (for gene delivery) by tailoring the polymer morphology.
Childhood antecedents of adult violent offending in a group of female felons

The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential antecedents of violent felony arrest in a sample of female felons. Among male populations, early onset conduct disorder (CD) with progression to adult anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) is associated with increased criminality and aggression. Conduct disorder is associated with a worsened trajectory of alcohol dependence in men. These factors likely have a synergistic contribution to male adult violent offending. Existing work suggests that CD, ASPD, and severe alcohol dependence may represent an externalizing endophenotype, which is, at least in part, genetically conferred. These associations have not been well studied in female populations. The author examined a sample (N = 130) of female mid-sentence felons to determine associations between adult arrest for violent felony with child and young adult antecedents, including CD and alcohol dependence. Data were gathered through administration of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism II (SSAGA II). CD had high prevalence (40.8%), as did ASPD (31.4%) and alcohol dependence (43.8%). Women convicted of violent felonies were more likely to have CD with progression to ASPD, and alcohol dependence. Both alcohol dependence and CD were independently associated with violent offending. These data suggest that the most serious female offenders have psychopathology similar to that of males and that the trajectory of disease and etiology of violent behavior may not be as gender specific as previously presumed. Language: en
The academic's role: the need for a re-evaluation?

The editors would particularly welcome, in the Points for Debate section, readers’ comments on or responses to articles which have appeared in earlier issues of the Journal. These may be in the for...
Effects of thermal and electrothermal pretreatments on hot air drying rate of vegetable tissue

Cylindrical samples of carrot, potato and yam were dried in a hot-air dehydrator after preheating to 50C or 80C by three different heating methods (conventional, microwave and ohmic). The results showed that enhancement of drying rate increased with pretreatment temperature. Ohmic pretreatment increased the drying rate more than conventional and microwave heating. Desorption isotherms showed that in the low a w range, desorption data of preheated and raw materials were similar. However, the isotherms of preheated samples shifted when a w was high, which indicated that thermal pretreatments altered the structure, and apparently, the water distribution within these materials. For all samples, ohmic pretreatment showed stronger influences on isotherms than microwave heating, while the pretreatment effect of conventional heating was only observed for potato tissue.
Beyond Pseudoevents Election News as Reality TV

This analysis examines the rise of reality TV formats in news reporting. These formats put journalists in active roles in the dramatic framing of events, thus, moving news logic beyond the passive documentation of pseudoevents. Pseudoevents are made-for-media fabrications designed entirely by newsmakers to be reported as reality with little news value added by journalists. By contrast, journalistically driven reality TV formats are either coproduced actively with newsmakers or spun entirely by journalists. Coproduced reality news generally involves journalistic decisions to underplay or not report known facts or contradictory evidence that conflicts with the dramatic impact of staged events. Reality news that is initiated by journalists typically involves rumors or challenges thrown at political contestants to see who can survive the hostile media game, and who, in the case of elections, will be voted off the program.
Image-Guided Intraoperative Cortical Deformation Recovery Using Game Theory: Application to Neocortical Epilepsy Surgery

During neurosurgery, nonrigid brain deformation prevents preoperatively-acquired images from accurately depicting the intraoperative brain. Stereo vision systems can be used to track intraoperative cortical surface deformation and update preoperative brain images in conjunction with a biomechanical model. However, these stereo systems are often plagued with calibration error, which can corrupt the deformation estimation. In order to decouple the effects of camera calibration from the surface deformation estimation, a framework that can solve for disparate and often competing variables is needed. Game theory, which was developed to handle decision making in this type of competitive environment, has been applied to various fields from economics to biology. In this paper, game theory is applied to cortical surface tracking during neocortical epilepsy surgery and used to infer information about the physical processes of brain surface deformation and image acquisition. The method is successfully applied to eight in vivo cases, resulting in an 81% decrease in mean surface displacement error. This includes a case in which some of the initial camera calibration parameters had errors of 70%. Additionally, the advantages of using a game theoretic approach in neocortical epilepsy surgery are clearly demonstrated in its robustness to initial conditions.
Uncovering the diagnosis

JBS (Medicine Resident): A 63-year-old African-American woman presented to the emergency department with progressive dyspnoea of 2-weeks’ duration. She denied chest pain, palpitations or syncope. Her medical history was significant for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. She never smoked and denied occupational exposures. She was born and raised in New York State, taking annual trips to North Carolina. On examination, she was obese and appeared dyspnoeic. She was afebrile with a blood pressure of 152/74 mm Hg, a heart rate of 98 bpm, a respiratory rate of 20/min and an oxygen saturation of 97% while breathing ambient air. The jugular venous pulse was elevated. Heart sounds were normal, and there was no murmur, gallop, rub or click. Lungs were clear to auscultation and percussion. There was trace pedal oedema. The remainder of the examination was unremarkable. Initial laboratory evaluation was notable for a serum glucose level of 260 mg/dL (normal range 74–126 mg/dL). Complete blood count and serial troponin measurements were normal. The ECG revealed sinus tachycardia at 100 bpm with borderline low QRS voltage and rare ectopy (figure 1A). The chest radiograph showed an increase in the cardiac silhouette compared with a film obtained 10 months earlier (figure 1B–D). There was no pulmonary vascular congestion, but tiny pleural effusions were seen on the lateral projection. Echocardiography demonstrated a large pericardial effusion (figure 1E) with diastolic inversion of the right atrial and right ventricular free walls consistent with tamponade physiology. Left ventricular size and function were normal. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis, which yielded 860 mL of clear yellow, lymphocyte-predominant fluid. Biochemical analysis revealed lactate dehydrogenase—130 U/L (serum 276 U/L), total protein—5.8 g/dL (serum 7.9 g/dL) and glucose—162 mg/dL. Figure 1 (A) ECG showing sinus tachycardia at 100 bpm with atrial premature complexes and borderline low QRS voltage. (B) Posteroanterior chest radiograph with an enlarged cardiac silhouette and clear lung fields. (C) Lateral …
Relational Sacrifices about Intimate Behavior and Relationship Quality for Expectant Cohabitors

ABSTRACTUsing interdependence theory, we examined how relational sacrifices specific to intimacy were associated with positive (commitment, satisfaction, love, and maintenance) and negative (ambivalence and conflict) relationship quality among expectant, unmarried cohabitors (n = 69 individuals), because this group may struggle relationally. We examined how often individuals made sacrifices for their partners and their partners’ perceived awareness of their sacrifices (i.e., individuals’ perceptions that their partners are aware that intimate sacrifices had been made for them) for both members of the couple using Actor Partner Independence Models. We controlled for children from previous relationships, unplanned pregnancy, gender, education, and race/ethnicity. Results showed that frequency of intimate sacrifices was not associated with any aspects of relationship quality. Instead, as expected, perceived partner awareness of intimate sacrifice was associated with greater commitment, satisfaction, love, an...
Problems in comparisons of clearances prescriptions in hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

There is currently great interest in defining acceptable doses of dialysis therapy with different techniques. In hemodialysis (HD) and in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), doses of ...
Comparison of Three Source Geometries for Cs+ Liquid SIMS

In the typical liquid SIMS (LSIMS) geometry, the primary beam direction is fixed at 90° to that of the secondary ion beam, and the secondary signal is optimized by varying the target plane angle. Best results are often obtained at an incident angle of 60° [1]. It can be argued that this large angle improves secondary ion efficiency because a greater portion of the incident ion energy is deposited close to the target surface where it can more effectively cause secondary ion ejection [2]. However, the complementary extraction angle for the secondary ions must then be small and ambiguity exists as to the most effective independent combination of incident and secondary ion beam angles [3]. It has been suggested that the greater efficiency of high-mass ion production using the plasma desorption technique may be partly due to the similarity in direction of the primary and secondary beams [4]. Thus some of the momentum of the primary beam assists in extracting the sample ion from the target matrix. These considerations motivated us to try alternate LSIMS source configurations that could permit sampling of ions ejected close to the direction of the primary beam. The small size of the cesium ion gun used for LSIMS [5,6] provided a flexibility of orientation not generally available to FAB and other types of ion sources.
Inefficiency of Modified VaR and ES

Modified Value-at-Risk (mVaR) and Modified Expected Shortfall (mES) are risk estimators that can be calculated without modelling the distribution of asset returns. These modified estimators use skewness and kurtosis corrections to normal distribution parametric VaR and ES formulas to reduce bias in risk measurement for non-normal return distributions. However, the use of skewness and kurtosis estimators that are needed to implement mVaR and mES can lead to highly inflated mVaR and mES estimator standard errors. To assess the magnitude of standard error inflation we derive formulas for the large sample standard errors of mVaR and mES using multivariate delta method and compare them against standard errors of parametric VaR and ES estimators, under both normal and t-distributions. Our asymptotic results show that mVaR and mES estimators can have standard errors considerably larger than those of parametric VaR and ES estimators, and small-sample Monte Carlo confirms that the asymptotic results are approximately correct in sample sizes commonly used in practice.
Magneto-optical investigation of spin–orbit torques in metallic and insulating magnetic heterostructures

Manipulating magnetism by electric current is of great interest for both fundamental and technological reasons. Much effort has been dedicated to spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in metallic structures, while quantitative investigation of analogous phenomena in magnetic insulators remains challenging due to their low electrical conductivity. Here we address this challenge by exploiting the interaction of light with magnetic order, to directly measure SOTs in both metallic and insulating structures. The equivalency of optical and transport measurements is established by investigating a heavy-metal/ferromagnetic-metal device (Ta/CoFeB/MgO). Subsequently, SOTs are measured optically in the contrasting case of a magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal (YIG/Pt) heterostructure, where analogous transport measurements are not viable. We observe a large anti-damping torque in the YIG/Pt system, revealing its promise for spintronic device applications. Moreover, our results demonstrate that SOT physics is directly accessible by optical means in a range of materials, where transport measurements may not be possible.
Hypertension and Health Behaviors in Females Across the Lifespan

This symposium presentation focused on hypertension and health behaviors in girls and women and provided contrasts with boys and men. I am honored to have copresented with my esteemed colleague, Dr. Suzanne Oparil from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. A long-time supporter of SSCI and the 1st woman to receive the SSCI Founder’s Medal Award; Suzanne has been a role model for me and many others engaged in cardiovascular research. The goals of this symposium presentation were to provide an overview of cardiovascular disease in women versus men, review hypertension as an ongoing public health and clinical challenge in girls and women, highlight hypertension as a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in females and reflect on lifestyle and medication adherence behaviors to improve hypertension control and reduce CVD risk across the lifespan.
A System of Pressure Calibration for the Range 0.05–1.0 Mbar Based on Shock Wave Equations of State for Cu, Mo, Pd, and Ag

With modern experimental techniques it is possible to conduct a wide range of scientific experiments at static pressures near 1 Mbar and at higher pressures [1,2]. Recent primary calibration [3] based on the pressure-volume functions of Cu, Mo, Pd, and Ag was done for measurement of pressure to 1 Mbar, but the only secondary scale currently available for use at these pressures is the ruby fluorescence pressure gauge. Although the ruby scale is now well calibrated, there is a great need for intercomparison of internal pressure Standards that can be adopted more generally in high-pressure research where the ruby fluorescence method cannot be used. Furthermore, the new primary calibration Standard can be used to correlate previous data of all types.
North American Entomological Journals: Some Numbers and Some Thoughts

Here is a miscellany of numbers on general entomological journals in North America. I compiled this information for my own curiosity, and I think publishing it will benefit authors in two ways. First, authors can learn things directly that they probably want to know about journals in which they publish or to which they may send a manuscript. Second, editors and publishers may (in a very few cases, of course) decide improvements in various operations are warranted; any improvement in any operation will benefit authors indirectly.
Hemolytic Reactions as a Result of Isoimmunization Following Repeated Transfusions of Homologous Blood

In the past decade the number of transfusions greatly increased. In the majority of instances no untoward resuit ensues but occasionally after repeated transfusions, hemolytic reactions of increasing severity occur endangering life. A number of reports appeared in the literature of intra-group transfusion reactions during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Zacho was the first to attribute the reaction to an atypical agglutinin which he found in such a patient. In 1939 Levine and Stetson suggested an explanation for the occurrence of this phenomenon when they suggested that the fetal -products acted as the antigenic stimulus for the development of the abnormal agglutinin in the mother. Presumably, the fetus inherits from the father a dominant agglutinogen absent in the tissues of the mother who is thus immunized. Further support for this view was subsequently published'. Wiener and Peters reported findings in four patients who developed isoantibodies as a resuit of repeated transfusions and showed that three of these reactions were due to the Rh-factor recently discovered by Landsteiner and Wiener. In the first and fourth cases hemolytic reactions were reported in women aged 52 and 58. Their previous pregnancies are not mentioned so that their isoimmunization may not hâve been entirely due to the repeated transfusions they had received. Similarly, Scott and Conant made no mention of the obstetrical history in a woman who had a transfusion reaction. The patient received two apparently uneventful transfusions from her husband, who was found to be Rh-positive, and then received a third transfusion which resulted in a hemolytic reaction. It is difficult to judge to what extent previous pregnancies may hâve influenced the immunization in such cases, as circulating abnormal agglutinins may be detected in rare instances for several years following pregnancies, but it is not known how long these antibodies remain in the tissues since they cannot be detected by present methods. More recently, Wiener reported ten patients with hemolytic reactions following transfusions of homologous blood. In case three described by him the transfusion was given following the fourth pregnancy in a woman who spontaneously delivered a three and one-half month fetus. In case two, a negro girl, agglutination of the donor's cells was detected four days following two consecutive transfusions ; no mention of pregnancies is made, so that it cannot be ascertained whether a considerable part of her immunization may not hâve taken place previous to the transfusion. Cases six and seven are additional examples of transfusion reactions occurring in the post-partum period. In case nine the obstetrical history is not mentioned so that the role of the immunization during possible previous pregnancies cannot be determined.
The Political Economy of Human Happiness: Labor Unions and Economic Regulation

The market economy is the central institution of the modern world, affecting the nature and quality of human life more than any other. Consequently, it is the internal structures of the market that draw our attention in the search to understand how human well-being is produced and distributed. This in turn takes us to the essential, and in large measure, defining features of the capitalist economy, which we have already had ample occasion to see: economic activity depends on an inherent asymmetry in power between two classes of persons, one of which depends for its livelihood on the sale of its labor power as a commodity, and another who purchases that commodity in order to so profit by. To be sure, the latter class relies on the labor of the former in order to generate the riches it enjoys, but it remains in a superior position because its very ownership over the capital resources that allow production ensure that it itself need not engage in wage or salary labor in order to survive or flourish. To say that capital enjoys an asymmetrical power relationship with the wage and salary workers it hopes to profit by is not, of course, to say that workers are entirely powerless. Indeed, the theoretical and practical integrity of the market system requires that workers cannot be compelled to work in the way that serfs, slaves, or indentured servants are. Instead, workers and employers must negotiate the wages and other terms of work, through contracts that are enforceable by law. That employers enjoy a natural advantage in the negotiation of the terms of employment by no means suggests that such terms are anything other than the process of a genuine negotiation. The “struggle” between worker and employer, each of whom wishes to maximize his or her position relative to that of the other, then, takes places first and foremost in this process of negotiation, in which not only wages and benefits but also the conditions, hours, and other rules of work are determined. If so, it is natural to look to such details of the labor market itself as a principal aspect of people's lives, and thus, potentially, of the quality of their lives.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism

Publisher Summary Spectroscopic effects can be absorptive or dispersive. Absorption exists at a particular wavelength indicating that a particular quantum of energy associated with that wavelength can interact with the molecule at that wavelength. This interaction, however, has an effect on the molecule over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Linear dichroism is an absorptive effect. It measures the way polarized light interacts with an oriented protein, whether it is parallel or perpendicular. Birefringence is the dispersive effect caused by the interaction of protein and light. Birefringence is more than a characteristic of an individual particle. Birefringence exists at all wavelengths; the refractive index is different in the two directions. Circular dichroism (CD) is also an absorptive effect. At the observation wavelength, left and right circularly polarized light defracts differently. Thus, circularly polarized light is used to measure the circular birefringence or the circular dichroism of absorption at a particular wavelength.
A Comparative Study of Facility Location Solution Techniques

This paper describes and presents the results of an experiment dealing with facility location problems which differ with respect to their size -- the number of facilities and markets considered -- and the complexity of their cost functions. The research reported here describes the results obtained when examining two vastly different solution techniques and their applicability to different types of problems. It is especially useful because it deals with two questions which have received little attention to date: 1) Do differences in the complexity of the cost functions affect the ability of specific solution techniques to solve the problem?; and 2) Does the size of the problem, that is, the number of location alternatives affect the ability of a specific technique to solve the problem? The location problems considered in this paper are simplified ones. However, it is possible to use similar research techniques to examine the effect of using various solution methods with a set of more complex problems.
Procedural Processes and Legal Institutions

This chapter has two goals. First, it examines the past decade of research on procedural justice. Our goal in that examination is to discuss the major issues which have been of concern to procedural justice researchers. Second, it explores recent developments in the procedural justice field which suggest the issues that will dominate procedural justice research in the future. In considering both of these questions, we focus most heavily on issues of procedural justice within legal institutions.
High frequency resonant converter useable for multiple output applications

The paper presents a resonant technology originally been developed as a versatile design platform for multiple output power supplies. The theory of operation is shown. The most important features of this technology are explained - the low interaction between the different outputs, both statically as well as dynamically and the possibility to maintain output regulation when the load is reduced to zero
Cardiac MRI and acute myocarditis.

A 37-year-old woman presented with several hours of intermittent chest pressure at rest associated with nausea. She had no significant past medical history but reported a recent flu-like illness about 1–2 weeks prior, associated with mild fever, headache and a runny-nose. Physical examination was unremarkable with no abnormal cardiovascular findings. Her ECG showed sinus-rhythm with significant inferior ST-segment elevations …
Modeling peer review in example annotation

The purpose of this study was to utilize the strengths of stronger students, in order to facilitate the example annotation process and ensure the quality of the annotations. The system presented in this study, AnnotEx, offers a focused way to integrate the Peer Review Model in example annotation and can be extended to meet advanced educational purposes. The results confirm that modeling the peer review when annotating examples guarantees the quality and efficiency of the annotations.