cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Cardiac Electrophysiology Studies in the Mouse

Background This report describes a novel in vivo mouse epicardial cardiac electrophysiology study based on clinical protocols used to evaluate cardiac conduction in human patients. The technique allows extensive electrophysiological evaluation, including the response to pacing, programmed stimulation, and pharmacological agents. Methods and Results Surface six-lead ECG data from 18 C57BL/6J mice are presented. Normal cardiac conduction properties for 14 of 18 mice that underwent the procedure are summarized, including determination of sinus node recovery times, AV conduction properties, and atrial, AV, and ventricular effective refractory periods. A subset of six mice was studied after the administration of either procainamide (n=3) or quinidine (n=3). All animals in the procainamide group developed either second-degree or complete AV block spontaneously. The sinus cycle length and refractory periods prolonged on procainamide or quinidine, but no tachyarrhythmias could be induced with atrial or ventricula...
Rethinking the Meaning of Ethics in RCR Education

Training in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) is meant to ensure that federally funded scientists have the knowledge, skills, and resources necessary to conduct science in line with agreed upon scientific norms and ethical principles. At its institutional best, RCR education begins early, with reinforcement in subsequent stages of career development. Studies suggest, however, that scientists perceive the push to think about ethical matters negatively, narrowly equating ethics with burdensome oversight and regulation, or with controversies in a few highly charged areas. For their part, RCR instructors contribute to this narrow conception of ethics education by placing disproportionate emphasis on the misconduct of the few and its career-destroying consequences. The result is an ethics that is both individualistic and uncritical, an ethics incapable of explaining the threat to scientific integrity posed by a rigidly hierarchical distribution of power, severe competition for funding, a “winner takes all” credit system, and many other features of ordinary science. What is needed is a broader, richer conception of ethics, one that focuses not only on individual instances of misconduct, but also on the growing gap between the normative ideals of science and its institutional reward systems.
Suicide and Alcoholism

Psychological autopsy data were used to test the hypothesis that alcoholic patients with comorbid drug use disorders who committed suicide (A+D; n = 26) are distinguishable from alcoholic suicide victims without a comorbid drug use disorder (A; n = 35). Dependent variables included demographics, suicidal behavior, psychiatric symptoms, and medical illness burden. The A group were older, white, and tended to be living alone. Analyses that controlled for age and sex indicated that As were more likely to have had a comorbid major depression and less likely to tell someone they were contemplating suicide. Scores on a measure of illness burden increased with age among the A group but not the A + D group, though the latter were more likely to be under a physician's care with increasing age. These differences should be considered when designing preventive measures.
DDPM-DEM Simulations of Particulate Flows in Human Tracheobronchial Airways

Dense particlesuspension flows in which particleparticle in teractions are a dominant feature encompass a diverse range of industrial and geophysical contexts, e.g., slurry pipeline, fluidized beds, debris flows, sediment transport, etc. The oneway dispersed phase model (DPM), i.e., the conventional oneway coupling Euler� Lagrange method is not suitable for dense fluidparticle flows (1). The reason is that such commercial CFDsoftware does not consider the contact between the fluid, particles and wall surfaces with respect to particle inertia and material properties. Hence, twoway coupling of the Dense Dispersed Phase Model (DDPM) combined with the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been introduced into the commercial CFD software via inhouse codes. As a result, more comprehensive and robust computational models based on the DDPM� DEM method have been developed, which can accurately predict the dynamics of dense particle suspensions. Focusing on the interaction forces between particles and the combination of discrete and continuum phases, inhaled aerosol transport and deposition in the idealized tracheobronchial airways (2) was simulated and analyzed, generating more physical insight. In addition, it allows for comparisons between different numerical methods, i.e., the classical oneway EulerLagrange method, twoway EulerLagrange method, ELER method (3), and the present DDPM� DEM method, considering micronand nanoparticle transport and deposition in human lungs.
Combination of Right Nephrectomy and Total Pancreaticoduodenectomy for von Hippel-Lindau Disease

Context Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an inherited syndrome of multiorgan neoplasia caused by a germline mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau gene and can include central nervous system tumors, renal cell carcinomas and benign pancreatic cystic tumors. Case report We report the case of a 56-year-old patient who had a past history of cerebellar hemangioblastoma and presented with abdominal pain. Imaging revealed renal tumors and multiple pancreatic tumors which caused duodenal and pancreatic duct compression. The patient was treated with a combination of radical right nephrectomy, total pancreaticoduodenectomy and splenectomy. Pathology identified a multifocal unilateral clear cell renal carcinoma which interestingly coexisted with multiple large pancreatic serous microcystic adenomas with infiltration of the fibrous capsule. Conclusion In past cases of von Hippel-Lindau disease, pancreatic adenomas with malignant transformation have not been reported. In our case, the infiltration of the fibrous capsule by parenchymal cells may indicate malignant transformation. Image: Section of serous microcystic adenoma in the pancreatic head.
Experimental evaluation of an educational game for improved learning in introductory computing

We are developing games to increase student learning and attitudes in introductory CS courses. Wu's Castle is a game where students program changes in loops and arrays in an interactive, visual way. The game provides immediate feedback and helps students visualize code execution in a safe environment. We compared the game to a traditional programming assignment in an introductory CS course. In our study, half of the students were randomly selected to play the learning game first and half to write a program first. Our results show that students who play our learning game first outperform those who write a program before playing the game. Students in the game-first group felt they spent less time on the assignments, and all students preferred the learning game over the program. These results suggest that games like Wu's Castle can help prepare students to create deeper, more robust understanding of computing concepts while improving their perceptions of computing homework assignments.
Less conservative robustness analysis of linear parameter varying systems using integral quadratic constraints

Summary This paper considers the robustness of a feedback connection of a known linear parameter varying system and a perturbation. A sufficient condition is derived to bound the worst-case gain and ensure robust asymptotic stability. The input/output behavior of the perturbation is described by multiple integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). The analysis condition is formulated as a dissipation inequality. The standard approach requires a non-negative definite storage function and the use of ‘hard’ IQCs. The term ‘hard’ means that the IQCs can be specified as time-domain integral constraints that hold over all finite horizons. The main result demonstrates that the dissipation inequality condition can be formulated requiring neither a non-negative storage function nor hard IQCs. A key insight used to prove this result is that the multiple IQCs, when combined, contain hidden stored energy. This result can lead to less conservative robustness bounds. Two simple examples are presented to demonstrate this fact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chlorine isotope fingerprint of the lunar magma ocean

The Moon contains chlorine that is isotopically unlike that of any other body yet studied in the Solar System, an observation that has been interpreted to support traditional models of the formation of a nominally hydrogen-free (“dry”) Moon. We have analyzed abundances and isotopic compositions of Cl and H in lunar mare basalts, and find little evidence that anhydrous lava outgassing was important in generating chlorine isotope anomalies, because 37Cl/35Cl ratios are not related to Cl abundance, H abundance, or D/H ratios in a manner consistent with the lava-outgassing hypothesis. Instead, 37Cl/35Cl correlates positively with Cl abundance in apatite, as well as with whole-rock Th abundances and La/Lu ratios, suggesting that the high 37Cl/35Cl in lunar basalts is inherited from urKREEP, the last dregs of the lunar magma ocean. These new data suggest that the high chlorine isotope ratios of lunar basalts result not from the degassing of their lavas but from degassing of the lunar magma ocean early in the Moon’s history. Chlorine isotope variability is therefore an indicator of planetary magma ocean degassing, an important stage in the formation of terrestrial planets.
A New Look at Farm Property Taxation (abstract)

T HE local property tax is undergoing changes that have far-reaching implications for agriculture. On the one hand it is becoming less local, in the sense that the public services its revenues support (notably schools) are coming to be recognized as matters of statewide or even national concern. Local financing through the property tax thus is becoming anachronistic. Continued decline in the relative importance of local financing, especially through the property tax, is likely to continue. On the other hand the property tax is becoming less an impersonal ad rem tax as liabilities
Faculty members’ responses to implementing re-envisioned EdD programs

Limitations of the education doctorate (EdD) and the emergence of professional practice doctorates have influenced those offering the EdD to re-envision, re-define, and reclaim the EdD as the degree of choice for the next generation of educational leaders. Colleges of education faculty members have used the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate's (CPED) working principles to redesign EdD programs to make them more relevant to educational leaders. Faculty members’ perceptions of program revisions, participation in CPED, implementation of redesign efforts, factors influencing revision, and so on were assessed using closed- and open-ended items in an online survey. Results indicated variables from Rogers’ theory of diffusion and adoption of an innovation and CPED working principles were useful in understanding program redesign efforts, changes, implementation efforts, and outcomes. Moreover, quantitative and qualitative data were complementary. This work has implications for EdD program design, program...
European Americans: From Immigrants to Ethnics

Ethnicity has exercised a persistent and pervasive influence upon American history. Americans have traditionally defined themselves and others as members of ethnocultural groups. On the basis of their origins, national, racial, religious and regional, they have shared with "their own kind" a sense of a common heritage and collective destiny. Ethnic cultures have sustained patterns of values, attitudes, and behaviors which have dif? ferentiated various segments of the population. The resulting ethnic plur? alism has profoundly affected all aspects of American life. Religion, poli? tics, social mobility, even the conduct of foreign affairs, have reflected this extraordinary diversity of ethnic identities. A series of migrations, internal as well as external, brought together peoples of various cultural, linguistic, racial and religious backgrounds. The peopling of this continent by transoceanic migration has gone on for over four hundred years. The original inhabitants, the true native Ameri? cans, were gradually displaced and dispossessed by successive waves of immigrants. They came from all over the world, Africans by the millions, brought to this land in chains, Asiatics by the hundreds of thousands, and others from countries to the north and south and from the islands of the Caribbean. But the vast majority came from Europe. In the greatest popu? lation movement in human history, some thirtyfive million Europeans immigrated to the United States in the century after 1830. This fact deter? mined the basic character of American society; it was to be predominantly Caucasian, Christian and Western. The study of immigration history involves not only the processes of physical migration, but the long-range consequences of this mingling of peoples as well. Despite its importance, the European immigration has been relatively neglected by American historians until recent decades. The reason appears to have been the general acceptance of an assimilationist ideology by scholars and laymen alike. The "Melting Pot," it was as? sumed, would transform the foreigners into indistinguishable Americans in a generation or two at most. Bemused by the alleged uniqueness of the American character and institutions, historians turned to environmental explanations. The frontier, material abundance, or mobility, rather than Old World influences, determined the values and behavior of the Amer-
Genetic diversity of dominant Vibrio species isolated from freshwater products in Jiangsu province by RAPD

To study the genomic diversity within Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus,the dominate Vibrio species in freshwater products in Jiangsu province,the genotyping within 59 V.parahaemolyticus strains and 107 V.alginolyticus strains from Lianyungang,Yangzhou,Taizhou,Changzhou were performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)-PCR.18 different genotypes existed in V.parahaemolyticus,which were clustered into nine(from A to I) genetic lineages using UPGMA method,with A and C the dominant genotypes.21 different genotypes were detected in V.alginolyticus which were clustered into twelve(from A to L) genetic lineages with A the dominant type.The results indicated that V.parahaemolyticus and V.alginolyticus had abundant genomic diversity.Types A and C of V.parahaemolyticus and types A and K of V.alginolyticus were detected from all sampling areas.Lianyungang originated isolates had a richer fingerprint patterns than the isolates originated from Yangzhou,Taizou and Changzhou.
The diabetic patient and surgery.

The author describes the program of management used in the teaching hospitals of Northwestern University Medical School to provide proper amounts of insulin, fluid and electrolytes for diabetic patients undergoing surgical procedures. The program is termed the “six hour emergency diabetic management.” Sample meals and approximate glucose values of various foods are also presented.
GLP-1 Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To review the use of GLP-1 agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Data Sources: A search using the MEDLINE database, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database was performed through March 2016 using the search terms glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, incretin, liraglutide, exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, type 1 diabetes mellitus. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language trials that examined glycemic end points using GLP-1 agonists in humans with T1DM were included. Data Synthesis: A total of 9 clinical trials examining the use of GLP-1 agonists in T1DM were identified. On average, hemoglobin A1C (A1C) was lower than baseline, with a maximal lowering of 0.6%. This effect was not significant when tested against a control group, with a relative decrease in A1C of 0.1% to 0.2%. In all trials examined, reported hypoglycemia was low, demonstrating no difference when compared with insulin monotherapy. Weight loss was seen in all trials, with a maximum weight loss of...
Complement, Kinins, and Hereditary Angioedema: Mechanisms of Plasma Instability when C1 Inhibitor is Absent.

Plasma of patients with types I and II hereditary angioedema is unstable if incubated in a plastic (i.e., inert) vessel at 37 °C manifested by progressively increasing formation of bradykinin. There is also a persistent low level of C4 in 95 % of patients even when they are symptomatic. These phenomena are due to the properties of the C1r subcomponent of C1, factor XII, and the bimolecular complex of prekallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen (HK). Purified C1r auto-activates in physiologic buffers, activates C1s, which in turn depletes C4. This occurs when C1 inhibitor is deficient. The complex of prekallikrein-HK acquires an inducible active site not present in prekallikrein which in Tris-type buffers cleaves HK stoichiometrically to release bradykinin, or in phosphate buffer auto-activates to generate kallikrein and bradykinin. Thus immunologic depletion of C1 inhibitor from factor XII-deficient plasma (phosphate is the natural buffer) auto-activates on incubation to release bradykinin. Normal C1 inhibitor prevents this from occurring. During attacks of angioedema, if factor XII auto-activates on surfaces, the initial factor XIIa formed converts prekallikrein to kallikrein, and kallikrein cleaves HK to release bradykinin. Kallikrein also rapidly activates most remaining factor XII to factor XIIa. Additional cleavages convert factor XIIa to factor XIIf and factor XIIf activates C1r enzymatically so that C4 levels approach zero, and C2 is depleted. There is also a possibility that kallikrein is generated first as a result of activation of the prekallikrein-HK complex by heat shock protein 90 released from endothelial cells, followed by kallikrein activation of factor XII.
Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils

This paper reports the results obtained from the bioremediation studies of sand contaminated with selected organic compounds (4, 6-dinitrocresol, diethyl phthalate, and 2,4-dichlorophenol). Both aerobic and anaerobic experiments were performed. The results show that both sorption and biodegradation are important factors for treatment of contaminated soils.
The Great Ones All Had Them: The Value of Mentoring for Applied Sociology

Applied sociology has moved slowly in developing the next generation of applied sociologists. A mentoring program geared at shepherding may promote the field and help to retain the next generation ...
Comparison of Recoveries of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides, Related Compounds, and Polychlormated Biphenyls 1254 and 1260 from Fat after Kuderna-Danish and TurboVap Concentration

A 2-part study was performed to compare the TurboVap evaporator with the traditional Kuderna-Danish concentrator for analysis of selected pesticides and related compounds (study 1) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (study 2) in fat samples. To compare results, bias and precision data were evaluated for pesticides and related compounds and bias was evaluated for PCBs. For study 1, 20 samples of poultry fat were spiked with known amounts of 13 pesticides and related compounds. Samples were extracted with petroleum ether, cleaned up with Florisil, and evaporated in either a Kuderna-Danish concentrator or a TurboVap evaporator. The pesticides and related compounds were identified and quantitated by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Biases, as indicated by average recoveries of pesticides and related compounds, were 63 and 73%, respectively, for the TurboVap and Kuderna-Danish procedures. Recoveries of pesticides and related compounds, except methoxychlor, by the TurboVap evaporator were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than recoveries by Kuderna-Danish concentration. Average recoveries with the TurboVap procedure were 10% lower than recoveries with the Kuderna-Danish procedure. Precisions for both procedures were determined by testing for equality of variances with the F-test. A significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for precision between the 2 procedures was found only for endrin. Study 2 was conducted on 14 accreditation PCB samples from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service. PCB recoveries were 70-125% with the Kuderna-Danish apparatus and 69-106% with the TurboVap evaporator. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the 2 procedures for PCB analysis. The TurboVap evaporator gave consistently lower results for pesticides and related compounds compared with the traditional Kuderna-Danish concentrator; precisions for both procedures were similar. Results for PCBs analyzed by both procedures were not significantly different. Lower recoveries for pesticides and related compounds notwithstanding, the TurboVap concentrator offers advantages over the older Kuderna-Danish evaporator in terms of turnaround time and efficient use of laboratory space.
Longitudinal Approaches to Analysing Migration Behaviour in the Context of Personal Histories

Longitudinal approaches to analyzing migration behaviour are reviewed in this paper and used to investigate interdependencies between the migration histories of individuals and their histories of participation in employment. Precise information about the timing and sequencing of events can be especially useful in the analysis of relations between employment and migration and the empirical analysis is based on some longitudinal data that are especially detailed in this respect: The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) for the United States. Relations between these migration histories and the histories of other aspects of individual lives, including employment histories, can be investigated within a general framework in which discrete-state continuous-time stochastic processes serve as general models for the lifetime migration behaviour of individuals and observed migration histories are treated as particular realizations of these processes. The processes are formally defined, in a general and abstract way, by a set of discrete states and a set of functions that describe the chances that an individual will make a transition between any pair of states at any time. In the case of migration histories the states of the model correspond to particular localities where an individual might reside and the transition functions summarize the chances that an individual will, at any time, move from one locality to another. The observable phenomena that correspond to the operation of these processes are, for any individual, a set of migration events that occur on particular dates during the individual’s lifetime and a corresponding series of episodes of residence in particular localities, with each episode beginning and ending on a particular date.
Trust and distrust as distinct constructs: Evidence from data theft environments

Trust is a widely understood construct utilized across most disciplines. Unlike trust, distrust is less studied and understood. For the last two decades, researchers have been engaged in a discussion - are trust and distrust distinct constructs or just two ends of the same continuum? This study investigates that question by surveying more than 1000 consumers involved in technology-driven transactions. Using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the study develops empirically-supported models, providing insights.
Offshoring oder Reshoring

Kurzfassung In den Jahren vor der Finanzkrise herrschte in vielen Hochlandern ein ausgepragter Offshoring-Boom. Produktionsbereiche wurden in Schwellenlander mit gunstigen Lohnkosten verlagert. Mittlerweile haufen sich die Meldungen, dass Unternehmen ausgelagerte Produktionen wieder zuruck ins Ursprungsland holen und damit Reshoring betreiben. Dieser Beitrag klart die gangigen Begriffe und gibt einen Uberblick der Grunde, die zum Umdenken gefuhrt haben. Mit Hilfe einer einfachen Entscheidungsmatrix werden dem Leser die Faktoren dargelegt, die fur ein Re- bzw. Offshoring sprechen. Der Beitrag richtet sich an Fach- und Fuhrungskrafte aus KMU im Produktionsgewerbe, die uberwiegend im Heimmarkt tatig sind.
Direct Solvent–Polypeptide Interactions and their Influence on Polypeptide Conformation

The mutarotation of poly-L-proline, poly-O-acetylhydroxy-L-proline and gelatin were examined in binary mixtures of anhydrous formic acid and various simple amides of differing basicity, dimethylsulfoxide and water or in ternary formic acid-water-amide mixtures. The transition involved was the inter-conversion of form I or cis-poly-L-proline to form II, trans-poly-L-proline. The I → II transition is reversible, and both forward and reverse transitions were studied. The rates, rate constants and activation energies were determined as a function of solvent composition and correlated with the intensity of interaction between solvent components. The peptide backbone-solvent interaction is comparable to the simple substituted amide-formic acid interaction. Competitive effects were reflected in marked reduction in the rate of mutarotation from that observed in inert diluents such as acetonitrile. The additional interactions due to internal peptide hydrogen bonding and special interactions of both water and hydroxyl group in the case of poly-L-hydroxyproline were readily detectable.
Atomistic scale investigation of cation ordering and phase stability in Cs-substituted Ba 1.33 Zn 1.33 Ti 6.67 O 16 , Ba 1.33 Ga 2.66 Ti 5.67 O 16 and Ba 1.33 Al 2.66 Ti 5.33 O 16 hollandite

The titanate-based hollandite structure is proposed as an effective ceramic waste form for Cs-immobilization. In this study, quantum-mechanical calculations were used to quantify the impact of A-site and B-site ordering on the structural stability of hollandite with compositions BaxCsy(MzTi8-z)O16, where M = Zn2+, Ga3+, and Al3+. The calculated enthalpy of formation agrees with experimental measurements of related hollandite phases from melt solution calorimetry. Ground state geometry optimizations show that, for intermediate compositions (e.g., CsBaGa6Ti18O48), the presence of both Cs and Ba in the A-site tunnels is not energetically favored. However, the decay heat generated during storage of the Cs-containing waste form may overcome the energetics of Ba and Cs mixing in the tunnel structure of hollandite. The ability of the hollandite structure to accommodate the radioparagenesis of Cs to Ba is critical for long term performance of the waste. For the first time, B-site ordering was observed along the tunnel direction ([001] zone axis) for the Ga-hollandite compositions, as well as the intermediate Al-hollandite composition. These compositionally dependent structural features, and associated formation enthalpies, are of importance to the stability and radiation damage tolerance of ceramic waste forms.
Right subclavian to brachial artery dissection after neck cannulation for extracorporeal life support in a newborn

Abstract We present a patient with a distal arterial dissection after extracorporeal life support (ECLS) cannula placement. A preterm boy with severe pulmonary hypertension, secondary to probable premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal life support utilizing his right internal jugular vein and his right carotid artery. Post-procedure echocardiogram (ECHO) confirmed correct placement, however after the child was routinely repositioned, the arterial cannula was noted to have advanced into his right subclavian artery. The cannula was repositioned back to the innominate artery, but a bilateral duplex revealed an arterial dissection extending from the right distal subclavian artery to the mid brachial artery. Serial duplex exams during ECLS revealed no propagation of the dissection. At decannulation no repair was performed and subsequent duplex exams show stable flow with no distal obstruction.
Ballot Paths Avoiding Depth Zero Patterns

In a paper by Sapounakis, Tasoulas, and Tsikouras \cite{stt}, the authors count the number of occurrences of patterns of length four in Dyck paths. In this paper we specify in one direction and generalize in another. We only count ballot paths that avoid a given pattern, where a ballot path stays weakly above the diagonal $y=x$, starts at the origin, and takes steps from the set $\{\uparrow ,\to \}=\{u,r\}$. A pattern is a finite string made from the same step set; it is also a path. Notice that a ballot path ending at a point along the diagonal is a Dyck path.
The effect of gastric loads of sugars and amino acids on milk intake of suckling pigs.

A 3 h fast of suckling pigs less than a week of age decreased plasma glucose (P less than .005), but did not affect plasma protein, osmolality or hematocrit. After fasting, solutions (40 ml/kg body weight) of 5% glucose, 5% fructose, 5% xylose, 5% mannitol, 5% sorbitol, 2.5% leucine, 2.5% phenylalanine (50 ml/kg), .9% NaCl, 5% lactose, 5% sucrose and a 50% egg yolk-distilled water mixture were administered by stomach tube and the piglet then returned to the sow. Weight gain was used as a measure of sow's milk intake. Milk consumption during the first 3 h after fasting was lower (P less than .05) for pigs given glucose than for sham-loaded controls, but no differences were observed between glucose and mannitol or sorbitol for the same period. Mannitol and sorbitol were more effective than NaCl (P less than .01) in lowering consumption for the 3 h after loading. Also during the first hour after loading, xylose caused lower (P less than .001) food intake than glucose. Egg yolk suppressed intake in comparison to sham-loaded controls (P less than .05). D-phenylalanine suppressed intake more than L-phenylalanine (P less than .05), but no differences were observed between the D and L isomers of leucine.
A Humanistic Approach to Lifespan Development

Shifts in metaphors and methods afford fresh visions of human diversity, richness, and possibility. When we look beyond measured variables, our vision can include individuals shaping their lives even as they are influenced by societal context and dominant theories. This chapter encourages all of us who study human development to incorporate into our work postmodern humanistic psychology’s perspectives and qualitative methods. In that way we can self-consciously choose the influence that our academic conceptions may have on human development. Perhaps we can also encourage positive societal and personal growth.
The chemical form of silicon in marine Synechococcus

Abstract The widely distributed marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus is found throughout the upper oceans. Recent observations that Synechococcus accumulates silicon indicate that it may influence the global cycle of this element. While diatoms, the organisms that dominate the marine Si cycle, have absolute Si requirements due to their precipitation of exoskeleton frustules composed of hydrated opal-A (i.e., biogenic silica), no requirements or biological roles are known for the Si associated with Synechococcus . Even less is known about the biochemical form(s) of Si in picocyanobacteria or whether it differs from diatomaceous silica. Using bulk X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) across the Si K-edge, we investigated the chemical speciation of Si in dried Synechococcus laboratory isolates from several clades, representing both coastal and oligotrophic isolates grown at a range of Si(OH)4 concentrations. Silicon associated with Synechococcus is bound to oxygen and is spectroscopically distinct from opal-A precipitated by diatoms. The closest XANES spectral analogues found in the literature are dried Mg-Si gels precipitated under basic conditions, suggesting that some Synechococcus Si may be present in vivo as a hydrated siliceous network with Mg and/or Ca cations . Slight spectral variations across isolates and growth conditions suggest strain-specificity in Si chemistry and the potential for siliceous phases to bind organic matter.
The New Alchemy: Economic liberalism, neoliberalism, and Thomas Pynchon’s Against the Day1

This article utilises Karl Polanyi’s landmark 1944 text The Great Transformation to explicate economic liberalism as it is represented in Thomas Pynchon’s Against the Day. Polanyi argues that a fun...
WRITING AND GETTING PUBLISHED: DEVELOPING THIS IMPORTANT SKILL SET FOR GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS: Session 106

Abstract Programs that train professionals in geriatric mental health expect the trainees to engage in scholarly activities including writing scientific manuscripts and getting them published either in books or journals. However, the training provided to achieve and or maintain academic and scholarly productivity is limited. Additionally, there is no standard format or curriculum to teach the trainees on how to acquire their own skill set to develop and implement their own academic portfolio. Furthermore, these deficiencies in developing scholarly productivity continue to hinder the career growth of the professional caring for older adults with mental health disorders. The clinical and administrative work load for these professionals often present additional challenges that prevents them from acquiring the skill set to develop a writing and publishing career. In this symposium, we will discuss ideas and methods on how a geriatric mental health professional can develop and implement their own scientific writing and publishing career. We will provide step by step instructions on how scientific manuscripts can be developed and published. Additionally, the faculty presenting at this symposium will provide case examples from their academic portfolio to illustrate how specific manuscripts were developed and published.]
An Investigation of Brain Functional Connectivity by Form of Craniosynostosis.

Purpose:Long-term neurocognitive sequelae of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) patients are just beginning to be clarified. This study uses functional MRI (fMRI) to determine if there is evidence of altered brain functional connectivity in NSC, and whether these aberrations vary by form of synosto
A Low-Dimensional Dynamical System for Tripole Formation

Laboratory observations and numerical experiments have shown that a variety of compound vortices can emerge in two-dimensional flows due to the instability of isolated circular vortices. Their simple geometrical features suggest that their description may take a simple form if an appropriate set of functions is used. We employ a set which is complete on the infinite plane for vorticity distributions with finite total enstrophy. Through projection of the vorticity equation (Galerkin method) and subsequent truncation we derive a dynamical system which is used to model tripole formation. It is found that at low-order truncations the observed behavior is qualitatively captured by the dynamical system. We determine the necessary ingredients for saturation of the instability at finite amplitude in terms of nonlinear interactions between various azimuthal components of the vorticity field.
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and Megalopapilla

Children with optic nerve hypoplasia may have multiple endocrine and central nervous system problems. The discs in these patients have fewer nerve fibers than normal, and there is a deficiency of the retinal ganglion cells. There have been reports of anencephaly and hydranencephaly. De Morsier syndrome has also been described in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia. De Morsier syndrome patients have an absence of the septum pellucidum, partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, pituitary dysfunction, and dysplasia of the third ventricle. Apert syndrome and Meckel syndrome are two other conditions in which optic nerve hypoplasia may coexist. There may be an association with maternal ingestion of quinine, phenytoin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), meperidine, and diuretics as well. It can also be seen in children of diabetic mothers.
Homer and his Legacy in Gregory of Nazianzus’ ‘On his own Affairs’

This paper investigates how Gregory of Nazianzus imitates and responds to the Greek literary tradition in the autobiographical poem ‘On his own affairs’ (2.1.1). Through six case studies, it contributes to the ongoing re-evaluation of Gregory’s literary merit. With learning, wit, subtle humour and faith, Gregory adapts and reinvents earlier poetry to express Christian themes. Imitation is at the heart of his poetic technique, but his imitations are never straight-forward. They include imitating both Homer and other poets’ imitations of Homer, learned word-play and combining references to non-Christian literature and the Septuagint. Gregory’s references add nuance to ‘On his own affairs’ and give pleasure to readers trained to judge poetry by comparing it to earlier poetry, especially the Homeric epics. They also demonstrate the breadth of his scholarship, which extends to Homeric variants, Platonic epigrams and the entirety of the New Testament and Septuagint. Above all, Gregory insists that he is a rightful participant in a living poetic tradition. He writes Greek poetry for the fourth century AD, just as Oppian did in the second century and Apollonius and Callimachus did in the Hellenistic period.
Macaques are risk-averse in a freely moving foraging task

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) appear to be robustly risk-seeking in computerized gambling tasks typically used for electrophysiology. This behavior distinguishes them from many other animals, which are risk-averse, albeit measured in more naturalistic contexts. We wondered whether macaques' risk preferences reflect their evolutionary history or derive from the less naturalistic elements of task design associated with the demands of physiological recording. We assessed macaques' risk attitudes in a task that is somewhat more naturalistic than many that have previously been used: subjects foraged at four feeding stations in a large enclosure. Patches (i.e., stations), provided either stochastically or non-stochastically depleting rewards. Subjects' patch residence times were longer at safe than at risky stations, indicating a preference for safe options. This preference was not attributable to a win-stay-lose-shift heuristic and reversed as the environmental richness increased. These findings highlight the lability of risk attitudes in macaques and support the hypothesis that the ecological validity of a task can influence the expression of risk preference.
The GUIDE Approach to Subgroup Identification

GUIDE is a multi-purpose algorithm for classification and regression tree construction with special capabilities for identifying subgroups with differential treatment effects. It is unique among subgroup methods in having all these features: unbiased split variable selection, approximately unbiased estimation of subgroup treatment effects, treatments with two or more levels, allowance for linear effects of prognostic variables within subgroups, and automatic handling of missing predictor variable values without imputation in piecewise-constant models. Predictor variables may be continuous, ordinal, nominal, or cyclical (such as angular measurements, hour of day, day of week, or month of year). Response variables may be univariate, multivariate, longitudinal, or right-censored. This article gives a current account of the main features of the method for subgroup identification and reviews a bootstrap method for conducting post-selection inference on the subgroup treatment effects. A data set pooled from studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is used for illustration.
Electronic structure, disconnected Fermi surfaces and antiferromagnetism in the layered pnictide superconductor NaxBa1−xTi2Sb2O

We report electronic structure calculations for BaTi2Sb2O and discuss the results in relation to the observed superconductivity of this material when hole doped with Na. The Fermi surface shows several sheets. These include a nested nearly two-dimensional cylinder. There are also two sheets, which are three dimensional, in spite of the layered crystal structure. A magnetic instability associated with Fermi surface nesting is found. A sign-changing s-wave state, different from the one in the Fe-based superconductors, is predicted within a scenario of spin-fluctuation mediated superconductivity.
The Olfactory Pathway Preserves Sensory Transmission During Sleep

Decreased responsiveness to sensory stimuli during sleep is thought to be mediated via a thalamic gate. However, olfactory information can gain access to olfactory cortices without an obligatory thalamic relay. It remains unknown how the olfaction system “gates” information flow during sleep. Here we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in hierarchical olfactory regions (olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex) while optogenetically activating olfactory sensory neurons, ensuring consistent peripheral inputs across sleep/wake states in freely behaving mice. Surprisingly, evoked LFPs in sleep states (both NREM and REM) were larger in amplitude and contained greater gamma band power than in wakefulness. These findings argue against a central olfactory “gate,” further supported by single unit recordings in the piriform cortex showing nonattenuated information transmission during sleep. Quantitative analysis of nasal breathing revealed slower respiration rates and shallower inhalation slopes during sleep, supporting a peripheral “gate” that physically regulates state-dependent olfactory inputs.
A Curious Case of Progressive Respiratory Failure Due to Anterior Spinal Cord Infarction in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Clinical features of cervical spontaneous spinal cord infarctions (SSCIs) remain poorly described in the literature. The goal of this article is to improve recognition of cervical SSCI, a rare but life-threatening condition. We present a 15-year-old adolescent boy who developed neck pain with weakness and numbness in all four limbs half an hour after returning from a hike in the late afternoon. The next morning, he was brought to the emergency room due to persistent weakness, vomiting, and progressive respiratory distress. He was promptly intubated for airway protection. Pupils were 2 mm, sluggishly reactive, and all four extremities were flaccid. He was found to have anterior spinal cord syndrome. Light touch (brush) was normal down to the posterior aspect of shoulders. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed increased T2/short-tau inversion recovery and decreased T1 signal of the anterior spinal cord from C3 to C7. Four days later, MRI of the spinal cord showed restricted diffusion of anterior spinal cord consistent with radicular artery territory infarction. The work-ups for infection, thrombosis, and cardioembolism were all negative. Three months later, he still had incomplete Brown-Sequard's syndrome, as position sense was preserved. There was in addition bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensations below the clavicles. MRI showed cervical myelomalacia most severe between C3 and C5. Furthermore, MRI showed changes in C3–C4 intervertebral disc, consistent with a fibrocartilaginous embolism via retrograde arterial route into the anterior spinal artery. This article demonstrates the importance of recognizing subtle clinical clues leading to cervical SSCI diagnosis.
The importance of freeze/thaw cycles on lateral tracer transport in ice-wedge polygons

Abstract. A significant portion of the Arctic coastal plain is classified as polygonal tundra and plays a vital role in soil carbon cycling. Recent research suggests that lateral transport of dissolved carbon could exceed vertical carbon releases to the atmosphere. However, the details of lateral subsurface flow in polygonal tundra have not been well studied. We incorporated a subsurface transport process into an existing state-of-art hydrothermal model. The model captures the physical effects of freeze/thaw cycles on lateral flow in polygonal tundra. The new modeling capability enables non-reactive tracer movement within subsurface. We utilized this new capability to investigate the impact of freeze/thaw cycle on lateral flow in the polygon polygonal tundra. Our study indicates the important role of freeze/thaw cycle and freeze-up effect on lateral tracer transport, suggesting that dissolved species could be transported from the middle of the polygon to the sides within a couple of thaw seasons. Introducing carbon lateral transport in the climate models could substantially reduce the uncertainty associated with the impact of thawing permafrost.
Smooth muscle cell CYB5R3 preserves cardiac and vascular function under chronic hypoxic stress.

Abstract Chronic hypoxia is a major driver of cardiovascular complications, including heart failure. The nitric oxide (NO) – soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is integral to vascular tone maintenance. Specifically, NO binds its receptor sGC within vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in its reduced heme (Fe2+) form to increase intracellular cGMP production, activate protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, and induce vessel relaxation. Under chronic hypoxia, oxidative stress drives oxidation of sGC heme (Fe2+→Fe3+), rendering it NO-insensitive. We previously showed that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) in SMC is a sGC reductase important for maintaining NO-dependent vasodilation and conferring resilience to systemic hypertension and sickle cell disease-associated pulmonary hypertension. To test whether CYB5R3 may be protective in the context of chronic hypoxia, we subjected SMC-specific CYB5R3 knockout mice (SMC CYB5R3 KO) to 3 weeks hypoxia and assessed vascular and cardiac function using echocardiography, pressure volume loops and wire myography. Hypoxic stress caused 1) biventricular hypertrophy in both WT and SMC CYB5R3 KO, but to a larger degree in KO mice, 2) blunted vasodilation to NO-dependent activation of sGC in coronary and pulmonary arteries of KO mice, and 3) decreased, albeit still normal, cardiac function in KO mice. Overall, these data indicate that SMC CYB5R3 deficiency potentiates bilateral ventricular hypertrophy and blunts NO-dependent vasodilation under chronic hypoxia conditions. This implicates that SMC CYB5R3 KO mice post 3-week hypoxia have early stages of cardiac remodeling and functional changes that could foretell significantly impaired cardiac function with longer exposure to hypoxia.
Biotechnology and the Human Soul

Challenging Nature. The Clash of Science and Spirituality at the New Frontiers of Life. By Lee M. Silver. Ecco (HarperCollins), New York, 2006. 460 pp. $26.95, C$34.95. ISBN 0-06-058267-7. Proclaiming an unlimited promise for biotechnology, the author paints its varied critics as uniformly ignorant and blinded by spiritual beliefs.
Traumatic brain injury and neuro-endocrine disruption: medical and psychosocial rehabilitation.

Introduction Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) initiates a cascade of neuromodulatory damage that blurs the distinctions between physical and psychological medicine. Monitoring endocrine function through labs is not part of the medical care algorithm for treatment of TBI, but the clinical symptoms are easily misidentified as they include: depression, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability and a decline in overall cognitive functioning. The reciprocal flow of change between neuroendocrine health and psychosocial health is well established within the field of neuroscience, social psychology, endocrinology and behavioral neurology, but has not translated into patient care. Objectives This paper outlines common neuroendocrine disruptions secondary to TBI and their clinical implications for treating mental health professionals. Conclusion Wider adoption of the consensus guidelines on the detection and monitoring of endocrine abnormalities post-TBI may diminish the severity of functional impairment and improve quality of life.