cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Team brand extension or licensed product? Examining consumer awareness of two distinct brand strategies

Purpose – While brand extensions and licensing are two distinct brand strategies, recent literature suggests that licensing be treated as an “external” brand extension. As both of these strategies have the ability to have positive and negative effects on the team's brand it is important to understand if consumers are aware if they are purchasing licensed products or extensions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine if consumers are aware when a brand extension or licensing situation is present. Design/methodology/approach – This research involved exposing participants to a total of 16 products (eight brand extensions and eight licensed products) and asking participants to indicate who developed the products they were exposed to. Findings – The results suggest that participants had a difficult time correctly identifying team licensed products, while in general they were able to successfully identify team brand extensions. Research limitations/implications – This study provides empirical eviden...
Exclusion of RPGRIP1 ins44 from primary causal association with early-onset cone-rod dystrophy in dogs.

Purpose. Canine cone–rod dystrophy 1 (cord1) has been previously mapped to CFA15, and a homozygous 44-bp insertion in exon 2 (Ins44) of canine RPGRIP1 (cRPGRIP1Ins/Ins) has been associated with the disease. However, from the recent identification of a significant discordance in genotype–phenotype association, we have reexamined the role of cRPGRIP1 in cord1.
Tolerance-like attenuation to contingent and noncontingent cocaine-induced elevation of extracellular dopamine in the ventral striatum following 7 days of withdrawal from chronic treatment.

Time-dependent changes in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) function are believed to play a role in behavioral sensitization and drug craving experienced during withdrawal from chronic cocaine administration. The present study utilized intravenous (IV) cocaine self-administration coupled with intracranial microdialysis in rats to investigate time dependent changes during withdrawal from chronic cocaine exposure. Following 2 weeks of IV cocaine self-administration, rats were allowed contingent access to cocaine at 1 and 7 days of withdrawal while extracellular levels of DA were measured from the ventral striatum. A second group of animals received yoked, noncontingent cocaine for 2 weeks and were then administered noncontingent cocaine on days 1 and 7 of withdrawal. In addition, a third group of animals received 2 weeks of yoked saline followed by noncontingent cocaine 1 day after withdrawal. There were no significant differences between groups for the overall cocaine dosage or temporal pattern of infusions on days 1 and 7 of withdrawal. Basal extracellular DA concentrations did not differ between any treatment groups at either withdrawal time. Extracellular DA levels were increased throughout the session on both days; however, the increases at day 7 were significantly less than day 1 for both contingent and noncontingent conditions. DA overflow on day 1 did not differ between animals receiving chronic yoked cocaine or saline. These results suggest that tolerance-like attenuation to the DA-elevating effects of cocaine is not apparent early in withdrawal, but does develop by later time points. DA release in the ventral striatum may not be directly related to cocaine self-administration following withdrawal, since DA levels were attenuated after 7 days of withdrawal while responding for cocaine was unaltered.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in microfluidic environments using inductively coupled radiofrequency resonators.

Abstract Inductively coupled radiofrequency resonators can provide NMR signals from small samples wirelessly and with high sensitivity. We explore the achievable sensitivity depending on the resonator’s Q -factor and its cross-inductance to the NMR probe. Even for small resonators with modest Q , the sensitivity can be close to that of directly (impedance) coupled microcoils. Sensitivity and excitation power inside inductively coupled solenoids were monitored experimentally by microimaging. The flow velocity profile inside a capillary of 200 μm diameter was measured with a resolution and sensitivity that rivals recent work based on directly coupled microcoils.
Systematic review: lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Summary Background Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers undergoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy is a well-documented and potentially fatal complication. Data supporting the use of lamivudine for primary prophylaxis have emerged, but its use remains controversial and is not standardized. Aim To review current randomized-controlled trials, randomized trials and prospective case series to provide a clinically applicable, evidence-based recommendation. Methods The published literature was identified using a MEDLINE/PubMed search with secondary review of cited publications, and inclusion of all prospective studies. Results In nine prospective trials and one randomized-controlled trial, the rate of hepatitis among subjects receiving lamivudine prophylaxis ranged from 0% to 20% (16 of 173, 9.2%), compared with 33–67% among controls. Of patients receiving prophylaxis, 0–24% (15 of 173, 8.7%) developed hepatitis B virus reactivation, compared with 29–56% of controls. Three reactivation-related mortalities were reported (one receiving prophylaxis, two controls). No patients withdrew secondary to toxicity or development of lamivudine-resistant mutations. Conclusions The available data show a four- to sevenfold decrease in the rate of hepatitis and hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients who receive lamivudine prophylaxis. It is thus recommended that all hepatitis B surface antigen carriers receive lamivudine, or a comparable anti-viral agent, as prophylaxis from the initiation of chemotherapy until at least 1 year following its completion.
Momentum and angular momentum in theH-space of asymptotically flat, Einstein-Maxwell space-times

We propose new definitions for the momentum and angular momentum of Einstein-Maxwell fields that overcome the deficiencies of earlier definitions of these terms and are appropriate to the newH-space formulations of space-time. We make our definitions in terms of the Winicour-Tamburino linkages applied to the good cuts of CI+. Our transformations between good cuts then correspond to the translations and “Lorentz” transformations at points inH-space. For the special case of Robinson-Trautman typeII space-times, we show that our definitions of momentum and angular momentum yield the previously published results of Ludvigsen.
A high-speed magic angle spinner

Abstract A novel solid sample spinner for use in NMR in an electromagnet is described. It features accurate magic angle adjustment, convenience in use, and rotation rates up to 15 kHz. High-resolution 13C spectra of adamantane taken over a range of spinning rates and decoupling fields are presented to illustrate its performance.
Practical Small-Sample Asymptotics for Regression Problems

Abstract Saddlepoint approximations are derived for sums of independent, but not necessarily identically distributed random variables, along with generalizations to estimating equations and multivariate problems. These results are particularly useful for accurately approximating the distribution of regression coefficients. General formulas are given for the distribution of the coefficients arising out of a generalized linear model with both canonical and noncanonical link functions. We illustrate the case of logistic regression with a real data example and show how the Gibbs sampler may be used to obtain confidence sets for each regression parameter based on the saddlepoint approximation.
A long‐term comparison of the influence of organic and conventional crop management practices on the content of the glycoalkaloid α‐tomatine in tomatoes

Background α-Tomatine, synthesized by Lycopersicon and some Solanum species, is a steroidal glycoalkaloid which functions to protect against pathogens and insects. Although glycoalkaloids are generally considered toxic, α-tomatine appears to be well tolerated in humans. α-Tomatine has numerous potential health benefits including the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth in in vitro studies. α-Tomatine is influenced by numerous agronomic factors including fertilization and nitrogen availability. Herein, the levels of α-tomatine were compared in dried tomato samples (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Halley 3155) produced in organic and conventional cropping systems that had been archived over the period from 1994 to 2004 from the Long Term Research on Agricultural Systems project (LTRAS) at UC Davis. Results The α-tomatine levels of tomatoes in both cropping systems ranged from 4.29 to 111.85 µg g−1 dry weight. Mean levels of α-tomatine were significantly higher in the organically grown tomatoes than conventional ones (P < 0.001). In the organic management system, α-tomatine content was also significantly (P < 0.001) different between cropping years, suggesting that other influencing factors such as environmental conditions also affect α-tomatine content in tomato. Conclusions The organically produced tomatoes had higher average α-tomatine content than their conventional counterpart over the 10-year study. Significant annual variability in the α-tomatine content in tomatoes was also observed and suggests that environmental factors, external to nitrogen fertilization, influence α-tomatine content in tomatoes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Panel Models in Sociological Research: Theory into Practice

A selection of panel studies appearing in the American Sociological Review and the American Journal of Sociology between 1990 and 2003 shows that sociologists have been slow to capitalize on the advantages of panel data for controlling unobservables that threaten causal inference in observational studies. This review emphasizes regression methods that capitalize on the strengths of panel data for consistently estimating causal parameters in models for metric outcomes when measured explanatory variables are correlated with unit-specific unobservables. Both static and dynamic models are treated. Among the major subjects are fixed versus random effects methods, Hausman tests, Hausman-Taylor models, and instrumental variables methods, including Arrelano-Bond and Anderson-Hsaio estimation for models with lagged endogenous variables.
Advances in Narcolepsy Syndrome and Challenges in the Pediatric Population

Narcolepsy onset occurs most commonly in the second decade but presents a diagnostic challenge when it starts in prepubertal children. The diagnosis is particularly difficult to establish in very young individuals (
Aerosol Monitoring during Carbon Nanofiber Production: Mobile Direct-Reading Sampling

Detailed investigations were conducted at a facility that manufactures and processes carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Presented research summarizes the direct-reading monitoring aspects of the study. A mobile aerosol sampling platform, equipped with an aerosol instrument array, was used to characterize emissions at different locations within the facility. Particle number, respirable mass, active surface area, and photoelectric response were monitored with a condensation particle counter (CPC), a photometer, a diffusion charger, and a photoelectric aerosol sensor, respectively. CO and CO(2) were additionally monitored. Combined simultaneous monitoring of these metrics can be utilized to determine source and relative contribution of airborne particles (CNFs and others) within a workplace. Elevated particle number concentrations, up to 1.15 x 10(6) cm(-3), were found within the facility but were not due to CNFs. Ultrafine particle emissions, released during thermal treatment of CNFs, were primarily responsible. In contrast, transient increases in respirable particle mass concentration, with a maximum of 1.1 mg m(-3), were due to CNF release through uncontrolled transfer and bagging. Of the applied metrics, our findings suggest that particle mass was probably the most useful and practical metric for monitoring CNF emissions in this facility. Through chemical means, CNFs may be selectively distinguished from other workplace contaminants (Birch et al., in preparation), and for direct-reading monitoring applications, the photometer was found to provide a reasonable estimate of respirable CNF mass concentration. Particle size distribution measurements were conducted with an electrical low-pressure impactor and a fast particle size spectrometer. Results suggest that the dominant CNF mode by particle number lies between 200 and 250 nm for both aerodynamic and mobility equivalent diameters. Significant emissions of CO were also evident in this facility. Exposure control recommendations were described for processes as required.
Mathematical Change and Inconsistency

Our understanding of mathematics arguably increases with an examination of its growth, that is with a study of how mathematical theories are articulated and developed in time. This study, however, cannot proceed by considering particular mathematical statements in isolation, but should examine them in a broader context. As is well known, the outcome of the debates in the philosophy of science in the last few decades is that the development of science cannot be properly understood if we focus on isolated theories (let alone isolated statements). On the contrary, we ought to consider broader epistemic units, which may include paradigms (Kuhn 1962), research programmes (Lakatos 1978a), or research traditions (Laudan 1977). Similarly, the first step to be taken by any adequate account of mathematical change is to spell out what is the appropriate epistemic unit in terms of which the evaluation of scientific change is to be made. If we can draw on the considerations that led philosophers of science to expand the epistemic unities they use, and adopt a similar approach in the philosophy of mathematics, we shall also conclude that mathematical change is evaluated in terms of a‘broader’ epistemic unit than the one that is often used, such as, statements or theories.
Linking seasonal distribution patterns with prey availability in a central-place forager, the Steller sea lion

Aim We used a novel approach to infer foraging areas of a central-place forager, the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), by assessing changes in the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of sea lions at terrestrial sites. Specifically, our objectives were (1) to classify seasonal distribution patterns of Steller sea lions and (2) to determine to what extent the seasonal distribution of Steller sea lions is explained by seasonal concentrations of prey. Location Southeast Alaska, USA.
Inhibition of TGF-β with neutralizing antibodies prevents radiation-induced acceleration of metastatic cancer progression

We investigated whether TGF-beta induced by anticancer therapies accelerates tumor progression. Using the MMTV/PyVmT transgenic model of metastatic breast cancer, we show that administration of ionizing radiation or doxorubicin caused increased circulating levels of TGF-beta1 as well as increased circulating tumor cells and lung metastases. These effects were abrogated by administration of a neutralizing pan-TGF-beta antibody. Circulating polyomavirus middle T antigen-expressing tumor cells did not grow ex vivo in the presence of the TGF-beta antibody, suggesting autocrine TGF-beta is a survival signal in these cells. Radiation failed to enhance lung metastases in mice bearing tumors that lack the type II TGF-beta receptor, suggesting that the increase in metastases was due, at least in part, to a direct effect of TGF-beta on the cancer cells. These data implicate TGF-beta induced by anticancer therapy as a pro-metastatic signal in tumor cells and provide a rationale for the simultaneous use of these therapies in combination with TGF-beta inhibitors.
Significant Involvement of CCL2 (MCP-1) in Inflammatory Disorders of the Lung

Mounting evidence suggests that CCL2 (MCP-1) and its hematopoietic cell receptor CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) are involved in inflammatory disorders of the lung. In animal models of allergic asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), CCL2 expression and protein production are increased and the disease process is attenuated by CCL2 immunoneutralization. Mechanisms by which CCL2 may be acting include recruitment of regulatory and effector leukocytes; stimulation of histamine or leukotriene release from mast cells or basophils; induction of fibroblast production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and procollagen; and enhancement of Th2 polarization. Recently, polymorphism for CCL2 has been described with increased cytokine-induced release of CCL2 by monocytes and increased risk of allergic asthma. These studies identify potentially important roles for CCL2 in these lung inflammatory disorders. While CCL2 inhibition in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be hazardous by interfering with defense against bacteremia, future studies are needed to determine if CCL2/CCR2 antagonism will offer breakthrough therapy for patients with allergic asthma, IPF, or BOS, and to confirm the hypothesis that CCL2 polymorphism places patients at greater risk for these disorders.
Photoselective vaporization of the prostate using a laser high performance system in the canine model.

Purpose: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with the 80 W KTP laser has been shown to be an effective and durable therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We investigated the new, more powerful GreenLight HPS® High Performance System laser in the canine model as a more rapid treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: Five male beagles underwent general anesthesia and laparotomy. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate was performed in antegrade fashion through a suprapubic cystotomy at 40, 80 and 120 W at 3 firing periods (5, 10 and 20 seconds). Photoselective vaporization of the prostate was performed for each power and time combination in stationary fashion at unique locations. Prostates were harvested and histopathological analysis was performed. Mean vaporization and coagulation depths of each laser setting were determined and compared using ANOVA. Results: Vaporization depth was 4 mm to full thickness. Coagulation occurred 1.2 to 2.5 mm deep to the vaporization zone. Increasing laser power appeared to increase depth of vaporization with equivalent or less coagulation depth and increasing the lasing duration behaved similarly. Microscopic pathological evaluation revealed damage to adjacent tissues in areas of full-thickness vaporization at the longest exposure times. Conclusions: The HPS laser is capable of greater power than the 80 W KTP system. HPS laser beam effects appeared more optically confined than those of its lower power brethren. It consistently vaporized more tissue during a given period while maintaining a 1 to 2 mm rim of coagulation, like its predecessors. The HPS should be applied carefully due to the ability to rapidly create full-thickness tissue vaporization.
High-speed GaAlAs-GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with near-ballistic operation

GaAlAs-GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with an abrupt emitter-base interface have been realised by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on semi-insulating substrates. A gain-bandwidth product FT of 15 GHz has been measured for Ic = 20 mA and VCE = 8 V. These results are the best reported so far for HBTs and are very promising for high-speed logic.
On the habits and adaptations of Aloidis (Corbula) gibba.

1. Aloidis (Corbula) gibba is a eulamellibranch specialized for life in muddy gravel substrata to depths of up to about 80 fathoms.2. The shell is asymmetrical, the margin of the smaller, left valve being uncalcified and so fitting within the marginal region of the right valve. A possible manner in which this asymmetry is produced by the differential secretory activities of the two mantle edges is discussed.3. The marginal periostracum of the left valve has strengthening calcined regions posteriorly, probably to protect the siphons when extruded.4. The external ligament is reduced and the resilium condensed, possibly permitting some antero-posterior rocking of the shell valves when the adductors contract.5. The process of burrowing is described; on its completion the animal is anchored by a single byssus thread.6. The siphons are very short, the tentacles of the siphonal sheath lying on the surface of the substratum. The inhalant siphon is wide and relatively insensitive; it draws in much bottom material. The exhalant siphon is tubular and very sensitive. It is controlled by two paired bands of muscle.7. The great quantities of pseudo-faeces which accumulate are expelled by periodical contractions of the 'quick' portions of the adductor muscles, the asymmetry of the shell valves causing great reduction in the size of the inhalant chamber. The foot may also assist in clearing the chamber. 8. The large ctenidia create a very powerful current; they are adapted for dealing with large amounts of sediment by means of specialized terminal, guarding and cirrus-like cilia. Control of 'pumping' is primarily by means of the exhalant siphon.9. The stomach is large in correlation with the great amounts of inorganic material carried in with the food.
Poly (vinylidene fluoride) and Poly (ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) Blends through Controlled Polymerization of Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylates

We demonstrate solution blending of PVDF with PECA obtained by controlled polymerization of ECA. This method circumvents the processing detriments posed by the instant cross-linking of CAs when encountering aprotic solvents such as DMF, a common PVDF solvent. The slower polymerization of ECA was tracked using NMR spectroscopy. The polymer mixture solutions were spin-coated to study the film morphology, wettability, and surface energy. The polymer films show strong contribution of basic polar surface energy that can be beneficial in biomedical applications. DSC and TGA were also performed on the blended polymers. The DSC thermograms show clear suppression of PVDF melting point, which provides evidence of two-polymer miscibility.
Causes and Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

Explanations of juvenile delinquency require consideration of two sets of elements. These are, on the one hand, the driving forces, the reasons or motives behind the act and, on the other, the obstacles that stand in its way, the restraints that inhibit its occurrence. In principle, it is possible to construct an explanation of delinquency that gives each set of elements, if not equal weight, at least some role in the outcome. In practice, equal treatment of motives and restraints turns out to be difficult. Once the theorist tends in one direction or the other, logic quickly takes him to an extreme position. As a result, theories of delinquency usually focus on one set and ignore or exclude the other. Theorists favoring motives of course find support for their position in human nature, the logic of science, and in the brute facts of experience. Those favoring restraints find, in the same places, equal support for their views. The choice between these extremes then takes on the character of an all-or-none political or ideological decision, with the student asked to choose between causation and deterrence, between social science and law, between the liberal and conservative approaches to public policy.
In vitro dorsal root ganglia and human prostate cell line interaction: Redefining perineural invasion in prostate cancer

Background Little is understood regarding mechanisms of perineural invasion in prostate cancer progression. We present a novel model system and data that indicate perineural invasion is an active, specific, and reciprocal interaction between nerves and prostate cancer cells. Methods Mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and human prostate cancer cells (Du-145, LNCaP, PC3) and stromal cells (HTS-40F) were co-cultured in Matrigel matrix. Control cultures consisted of prostate cancer and stromal cells only and DRG only. Neurite outgrowth, cell colony growth, neurite-colony contact, and retrograde extension were quantitated with dark phase microscopy and image analysis (Optimas 6.1). Results Directional outgrowth of neurites was observed projecting into DU-145 colonies within 24 hr of co-culture. Cultures with the greatest number of DU-145 cells recruited significantly more neurites and established contact earlier, indicating this process was cell-seeding density dependent. Once neurite/DU-145 cell contact was established neurite growth diminished, suggesting an active neurite recruitment by DU-145 cells. Subsequent to neurite contact, DU-145 cells migrated along neurites in a retrograde fashion into the nerve/ganglion of origin (retrograde extension) establishing perineural invasion. In addition to perineural invasion, DU-145 colony growth was elevated in DRG co-cultures relative to DU-145-only control cell cultures. Similarly, the degree of neurite outgrowth was elevated in DRG-cell co-cultures relative to DRG-only control cultures. The same observations were made with LNCaP and PC3 cells, but interactions between stromal cells and nerves were not found. Conclusions This study shows the utility of the prostate cancer/DRG in vitro system to study specific mechanism of prostate cancer cell-nerve interaction. Morever, these data suggest that perineural invasion mechanisms involve active and reciprocal interactions between carcinoma cells and adjacent nerve/ganglions in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 49:213–223, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tree-Net, a multi-level fiber optics MAN

A novel fiber-optic architecture, Tree-Net, is presented which does not require intermediate processing components. Tree-Net is based on a tree topology, passive station taps, and implicit token protocol. The properties and performance of Tree-Net are evaluated, and possible extensions of the basic scheme are discussed. >
THE KITCHEN POLICE: SERVANT SURVEILLANCE AND MIDDLE-CLASS TRANSGRESSION

Amongst all privileged spies, a lady's-maid has the highest privileges. It is she who bathes Lady Theresa's eyes with eau-de-cologne after her ladyship's quarrel with the colonel; it is she who administers sal-volatile to Miss Fanny when Count Beaudesert, of the Blues, has jilted her. She has a hundred methods for the finding out of her mistress's secrets. She knows by the manner in which her victim jerks her head from under the hair-brush, or chafes at the gentlest administration of the comb, what hidden tortures are racking her breast ? what secret perplexities are bewildering her brain. That well-bred attendant knows how to inter pret the most obscure diagnoses of all mental diseases that can afflict her mistress; she knows when the ivory complexion is bought and paid for ? when the pearly teeth are foreign substances fashioned by the dentist ? when the glossy plaits are the relics of the dead, rather than the property of the living; and she knows other and more sacred secrets than these. (Braddon 336; v. 3, ch. 2)
Functional Gap Junctions in the Schwann Cell Myelin Sheath

The Schwann cell myelin sheath is a multilamellar structure with distinct structural domains in which different proteins are localized. Intracellular dye injection and video microscopy were used to show that functional gap junctions are present within the myelin sheath that allow small molecules to diffuse between the adaxonal and perinuclear Schwann cell cytoplasm. Gap junctions are localized to periodic interruptions in the compact myelin called Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and to paranodes; these regions contain at least one gap junction protein, connexin32 (Cx32). The radial diffusion of low molecular weight dyes across the myelin sheath was not interrupted in myelinating Schwann cells from cx32-null mice, indicating that other connexins participate in forming gap junctions in these cells. Owing to the unique geometry of myelinating Schwann cells, a gap junction-mediated radial pathway may be essential for rapid diffusion between the adaxonal and perinuclear cytoplasm, since this radial pathway is approximately one million times faster than the circumferential pathway.
Network management by delegation: the MAD approach

Network management systems built on a client/server model centralize responsibilities in client manager processes, with server agents playing restrictive support roles. As a result, managers must micro-manage agents through primitive steps, resulting in ineffective distribution of management responsibilities, failure-prone management bottlenecks, and limitations for real time responsiveness. We present a more flexible paradigm, the Manager-Agent Delegation (MAD) framework. It supports the ability to extend the functionality of servers (agents) at execution time, allowing flexible distribution of management responsibilities in a distributed environment. MAD can store and instantiate delegated scripts, and provides a concurrent runtime environment, where they can execute asynchronously without requiring the manager's intervention. A delegation protocol allows a manager to transfer programs, create process instances, and control their execution. We describe the delegation model, its application to network management, and the design of a prototype implementation.
Zeros of Dirichlet series

Abstract We are concerned here with Dirichlet series f ( s ) = 1 + ∑ n = 2 ∞ c ( n ) n s which satisfy a function equation similar to that of the Riemann zeta function, typically of the form f ( s ) = 2 s q 1 / 2 − s π s − 1 Γ ( 1 − s ) ( sin π 2 ( s + κ ) ) f ( 1 − s ) , but for which the Riemann hypothesis is false. Indeed we show that the zeros of such functions are ubiquitous in the complex plane.
A Lost Paradise on the Left Bank: An Ecocritical Analysis of J.-K. Huysmans’ ‘La Rive Gauche’ and ‘La Bièvre’

The antithesis of the iconic Seine, the vile and polluted Bievre River was part of the industrial landscape of pre-Haussmannian Paris. By 1875, the Bievre was so unsanitary that the city took measures to bury it underground. At the end of the century, J.-K. Huysmans, who had detailed his strolls around the Bievre in writing, ruptured with the Naturalist school. It seems counter-intuitive to label Huysmans, an author renowned neither for nature writing nor poetry, as an ‘eco-poet’. However, his prose poems ‘La Rive gauche’ (1874) and ‘La Bievre’ (1880; 1890) express awareness of environmental decline. In my analysis of these poems using contemporary ecocriticism, I argue that the river’s disappearance coincides with the birth of the Decadent movement, which has an ecological underpinning. In its transition from urban waterway to underground sewer, the Bievre became part of a new aesthetic that sought to both bury and reconstruct the natural world.
Windblown Dust Deposition Forecasting and Spread of Contamination around Mine Tailings

Wind erosion, transport and deposition of windblown dust from anthropogenic sources, such as mine tailings impoundments, can have significant effects on the surrounding environment. The lack of vegetation and the vertical protrusion of the mine tailings above the neighboring terrain make the tailings susceptible to wind erosion. Modeling the erosion, transport and deposition of particulate matter from mine tailings is a challenge for many reasons, including heterogeneity of the soil surface, vegetative canopy coverage, dynamic meteorological conditions and topographic influences. In this work, a previously developed Deposition Forecasting Model (DFM) that is specifically designed to model the transport of particulate matter from mine tailings impoundments is verified using dust collection and topsoil measurements. The DFM is initialized using data from an operational Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The forecast deposition patterns are compared to dust collected by inverted-disc samplers and determined through gravimetric, chemical composition and lead isotopic analysis. The DFM is capable of predicting dust deposition patterns from the tailings impoundment to the surrounding area. The methodology and approach employed in this work can be generalized to other contaminated sites from which dust transport to the local environment can be assessed as a potential route for human exposure.
Energy efficient learning and classification for distributed sensing

In order to reduce total energy communicated by distributed sensors, we address the problem where the recipient wants to perform supervised learning and classification on the data received from the sensors. Restricting our attention to a noiseless communication setting under simplistic Gaussian source assumptions, we provide algorithms for performing this supervised learning under energy limitations. The key idea we bring in is to approximate the problem of minimizing classification error-probability by minimizing the distortion in recovering the decision variable. Constraings on energy consumption in sensors is brought in by using simplistic circuit models inspired from the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADCs) models. We provide an algorithm for learning the distribution-parameters of sensor-data under these energy constraints to arrive at high-reliability energy-allocation strategies, while enabling the energy-allocation algorithm to backtrack when the underlying distributions change, or when there is noise in sensed data that can push the algorithm towards a local minimum. Finally, we present numerical results on simulated data demonstrating the promise of the proposed techniques in reducing energy consumption.
High-Current Magnetic Field Generator for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applications

This paper describes a novel approach to designing a high-current magnetic field generator (HCMFG) with adjustable pulse width for transcranial magnetic stimulation applications. Challenges for robust and practical design are introduced. A few of the main possible solutions for designing versatile and powerful pulses are introduced and discussed. Finally, future improvement in functionality of the HCMFG is proposed.
Mating-induced Male Death and Pheromone Toxin-regulated Androstasis

How mating affects male lifespan is poorly understood. Using single worm lifespan assays, we discovered that males live significantly shorter after mating in both androdioecious (male and hermaphroditic) and gonochoristic (male and female) Caenorhabditis. Germline-dependent shrinking, glycogen loss, and ectopic expression of vitellogenins contribute to male post-mating lifespan reduction, which is conserved between the sexes. In addition to mating-induced lifespan decrease, worms are subject to killing by male pheromone-dependent toxicity. C. elegans males are the most sensitive, whereas C. remanei are immune, suggesting that males in androdioecious and gonochoristic species utilize male pheromone differently as a toxin or a chemical messenger. Our study reveals two mechanisms involved in male lifespan regulation: germline-dependent shrinking and death is the result of an unavoidable cost of reproduction and is evolutionarily conserved, whereas male pheromone-mediated killing provides a novel mechanism to cull the male population and ensure a return to the self-reproduction mode in androdioecious species. Our work highlights the importance of understanding the shared vs. sex- and species-specific mechanisms that regulate lifespan.
Injury-Associated Differential Regulation of Histone Expression and Modification in the Thymus of Mice

One of the key events in the regulation of gene expression is chromatin remodeling involving histone regulation. We investigated the effects of burns on the expression of histone that might be associated with altered molecular and pathological profiles in the thymus. A markedly decreased expression of histone variant H2A.1 mRNA was identified in the thymus after burn during a differential display experiment. Subsequently, we examined the histone expression (mRNA and protein) and posttranslational modification in the thymus after burn. Also, changes in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a central molecule in chromatin assembly, was examined. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a transient decrease in the expression of several histone variants (H2A.1, H1(r1), H3-B, H3-1, and H4-D) mRNAs in the thymus at 1 day after burn. A decrease in histone subtypes H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, but not H1, was demonstrated 1 and 3 days after burn according to the results of Western blot. Furthermore, there were different levels of decreases in acetylated and dimethylated forms of histone H3 1 and 3 days after burn. In addition, decreased levels of PCNA were evident in the thymus 1 day after burn. Changes in the expression of histones and PCNA may reflect mere decrease in proliferating cells and/or a reorganization of the chromatin structure associated with altered transcriptional activities, eventually contributing to the phenotypic changes in the thymus after burn.
Locally Compact Groups and Haar Measure

This chapter is intended to summarize some results needed later. We state an existence and uniqueness theorem for Haar measure but rather than copy a proof we leave this result unproven. See for example Halmos (1950) or Loomis (1953). The applications made in these notes are to matrix groups in their usual metric topology. Hence all topologies used in applications are Hausdorff topologies with countable base for open sets. More generality will be found in Loomis, op. cit., or Nachbin (1965). The manifolds discussed later are analytic manifolds for which the invariant measures can be given explicit representations using differential forms. Since the existence of invariant measures will usually be shown by explicit construction the part of the theory important to this book is usually the uniqueness part.
Qualitative research methods: Why, when, and how to conduct interviews and focus groups in pharmacy research

Abstract Issue The value of qualitative research methodologies is increasingly being recognized within health services research, and particularly within pharmacy research. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research can offer insights into the question of “why” people engage in particular actions or behaviors. However, for the potential of this research to be fully realized within pharmacy teaching and learning, appropriate consideration of methodological issues surrounding qualitative research methodologies in interviews and focus groups is needed. Methodological literature review Before undertaking an interview or focus group it is important for the researcher to have carefully considered which data collection approach will provide the best information to answer the research question under investigation. Next researchers must carefully construct their interview guide, and collect their sample of participants. Finally, all interviews or transcripts must be completely transcribed and analyzed to identify important themes. Recommendations A total of eight recommendations are offered for researchers when considering, and undertaking, interviews or focus groups within pharmacy education research. Applications and implications Interviews and focus groups could be very helpful in scholarship around pharmacy teaching and learning as it is designed to provide an in-depth understanding of participants’ experiences and perceptions. In particular, this type of research has already been used to improve understandings around interprofessional education. It could also be used to better understand students׳ and faculties׳ perceptions of CAPE 2013 Education Outcomes.
Dermatology update: The dawn of targeted treatment

During the past several years, targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes in advanced basal cell carcinoma, psoriasis, and metastatic melanoma. This article reviews how advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases led to the development of targeted therapies and how these therapies are improving outcomes. Research is ongoing to address continuing challenges of drug resistance, adverse effects, and how best to use the new medications.
Transient depression of responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation overlying a subendocardial infarct

In previous work, the normal epicardial rim overlying a subendocardial infarct was demonstrated to be parasympathetically denervated. In the present study, we determined responses of effective refractory period (ERP) in this rim during sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS). Eighteen dogs were studied 1-3 days after a 1-h or permanent coronary artery occlusion (group I). SNS shortened ERP in sites basal, septal, and lateral in the rim by 8 +/- 2, 7 +/- 2, and 7 +/- 2% (SE), respectively, which were similar to sites remote from the infarct (10 +/- 1%). These results were not altered by site of infarction or by atropine administration. To eliminate dissection of the coronary vessel and spontaneous ventricular tachycardia, 19 dogs were studied 6 h after a permanent bead embolization of a coronary artery (group II). In contrast to group I, ERP shortening in the rim sites of group II was depressed (3 +/- 3, 0 +/- 2, and 1 +/- 2%, respectively) compared with remote sites (10 +/- 1%, P < 0.05). In this group, collateral blood flow in the rim was no different than remote epicardium before and during SNS, and norepinephrine shortened ERP in the rim equivalent to remote sites. In an additional 31 animals (group III), the alteration in ATP-dependent K+ channel function was evaluated. Pretreatment with glyburide (an ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker) preserved ERP response to SNS (9 +/- 1% shortening of ERP vs. 12 +/- 2% at baseline) compared with only 3 +/- 0% shortening of ERP with vehicle (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SUBCOSTAL, TRANSDIAPHRAGMATIC INSERTION OF A CARDIAC PACEMAKER.

SUMMARY We do not apply this technique as a routine because it is somewhat more difficult and time consuming than transthoracic implantation, and it may be that the heart will not be easy to reach through this approach in every patient. However, our successful experience prompts us to recommend it for selected patients with heart block who require a permanent pacemaker.
An infant multipurpose biopsy tube.

A miniaturized version of the adult multipurpose biopsy tube for infants and children has been developed and tested. This instrument has several advantages over the standard one for use in children. The tube’s reduced diameter (3.5 mm versus 4.7 mm), decreased length (90 cm versus 120 cm), and increased flexibility (radius of curvature 34 mm versus 40 mm) made it easier to pass into the duodenum of children or adults in whom it was difficult to perform biopsies. A decrease in the diameter of the biopsy ports (2.0 mm versus 2.4 mm) allowed adequate size biopsies for diagnostic purposes but reduced the risk of perforation. Biopsies were successfully performed one or more times in 96 of 102 patients. A total of 320 biopsies was obtained. Biopsies were obtained in 78% of patients on the first attempt. Twenty-seven of 96 patients weighed 10 kg or less. Complications occurred in less than 1% of patients.
Efficacy of Low Microbial Diet in Immunocompromised Adult Blood and Marrow Transplant Patients

There continues to be a controversy and differences in practice regarding Low Microbial Diet. Although use of the diet seems prudent, there is no clear proof that the diet reduces infections LIBERALIZATION of the Low Microbial Diet has been instituted at Stanford Health Care Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant in early 2012 Food choice offerings became of greater variety, less labor intensive and also more acceptable
Game-theoretic tracking control for actuator attack attenuation in cyber-physical systems

In this paper a game-theoretic adaptive learning algorithm based on an action-dependent value function (Q-function) is proposed to solve the optimal tracking control problem with adversarial inputs and completely unknown system and reference dynamics. In order to convert the tracking problem to a regulation problem we augment the system and the reference states and pick appropriately the user-defined matrices. An integral reinforcement learning approach is used to estimate the parameters of the Q-function while also guaranteeing closed-loop stability, trajectory tracking and convergence of the policies to a saddle point. A simulation result of a Quanser helicopter shows the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Algae fiber polypropylene composites: Modeling of the degradation by solid state kinetics

Knowledge of the mechanisms of degradation in natural fiber composites (NFCs) has great importance for the life cycle assessment of the automotive components based on NFCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the solid state kinetic models available to describe the degradation process of algae fiber/grafted polypropylene (AFPPg) composites processed by extrusion compression molding (ECM). Samples of the 0.14 volume fraction (υf) AFPPg composite, algae fiber, and grafted PP were evaluated before and after 576 hours of accelerated UV light weatherization. The weight loss of the specimens was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at six isothermal temperatures, and weight loss data were transformed into the conversion fraction α. Curves of the factor α and time were linearized using MATLAB software to find the parameters of the degradation. The best statistical fit to model the degradation was given by the Avrami–Erofe'ev model. The kinetic parameters of PP grafted after UV exposure were frequency factor (A) of 6.26 min−1 and activation energy E0 of 24 kJ/mol. The effect of degradation was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characteristic bands of the main products of degradation in the composite were identified as pentane and propane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44622.
Protocol-Compliant DoS Attacks on CAN: Demonstration and Mitigation

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a shared medium, priority-based communication protocol, widely used in the automotive industry for interconnecting electrical components. Although allowing messages to take priority over others in accessing the shared medium is naturally desirable for vehicular applications, it also provides a vulnerability for Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. This paper studies the impact of such priority- based DoS attacks and proposes a mitigating scheme. We find that implementation details have a significant impact on the efficiency of priority- based DoS attacks. Nevertheless, with a proper configuration, a single attacker can block an entire CAN network and deem it unusable. To mitigate this problem, we propose integrating a wireless interface and design a hybrid wired/wireless protocol that schedules packet transmissions on the wired and wireless links. Our testbed results show that the hybrid wired/wireless protocol improves the throughput under a two-node DoS attack by a factor of four. Additional experimental results demonstrate that our hybrid wired/wireless protocol is robust to jamming attacks on the wireless link.