cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood Bank Information Systems

Blood banking involves many sophisticated analyses that, without automation and computerization, can be performed only by highly skilled persons. The human ability to “look for things” is more flexible than the computer’s, but the ability to flexibly and intelligently search for and analyze information starts to break down as the quantity of information becomes larger. Computers, however, can handle vast amounts of information without suffering any deleterious effects.
Intermediate filaments enable pathogen docking to trigger type 3 effector translocation

Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) of bacterial pathogens translocate bacterial effector proteins that mediate disease into the eukaryotic cytosol. Effectors traverse the plasma membrane through a translocon pore formed by T3SS proteins. In a genome-wide selection, we identified the intermediate filament vimentin as required for infection by the T3SS-dependent pathogen S. flexneri. We found that vimentin is required for efficient T3SS translocation of effectors by S. flexneri and other pathogens that use T3SS, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Vimentin and the intestinal epithelial intermediate filament keratin 18 interact with the C-terminus of the Shigella translocon pore protein IpaC. Vimentin and its interaction with IpaC are dispensable for pore formation, but are required for stable docking of S. flexneri to cells; moreover, stable docking triggers effector secretion. These findings establish that stable docking of the bacterium specifically requires intermediate filaments, is a process distinct from pore formation, and is a prerequisite for effector secretion.
Measles immunization coverage and three dose series completion among children in Tianjin, China

Measles is one of the leading causes of mortality among children worldwide resulting in approximately 158,000 deaths annually. Significant progress toward disease elimination and eradication has been made globally; between 2000 and 2011, the number of new measles cases worldwide decreased from 853,500 to 355,000 and related deaths decreased from 542,000 to 158,000. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 20 million children did not receive the first dose of a measlescontaining vaccine (MCV) in 2011.
Visual, Auditory, and Cross Modal Sensory Processing in Adults with Autism: An EEG Power and BOLD fMRI Investigation

Electroencephalography (EEG) and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining (BOLD fMRI) assessed the neurocorrelates of sensory processing of visual and auditory stimuli in 11 adults with autism (ASD) and 10 neurotypical (NT) controls between the ages of 20-28. We hypothesized that ASD performance on combined audiovisual trials would be less accurate with observable decreased EEG power across frontal, temporal, and occipital channels and decreased BOLD fMRI activity in these same regions; reflecting deficits in key sensory processing areas. Analysis focused on EEG power, BOLD fMRI, and accuracy. Lower EEG beta power and lower left auditory cortex fMRI activity were seen in ASD compared to NT when they were presented with auditory stimuli as demonstrated by contrasting the activity from the second presentation of an auditory stimulus in an all auditory block versus the second presentation of a visual stimulus in an all visual block (AA2­VV2). We conclude that in ASD, combined audiovisual processing is more similar than unimodal processing to NTs.
Analysis on the moisture content in SF_6 electric equipment

Through describing the harm of the moisture content for SF6 circuit breaker,analyzes the cause of the moisture content in SF6 gas and the relationship between the moisture content and the environment temperature,discusses the method for cotrolling the moisture content of SF6 gas in the installation and operation of the circuit breaker.
Consistency of nutrient consumption patterns in the United States.

Except for vitamins A and C, the nutritional quality of food consumed by various sex-age groups is remarkably consistent, despite wide variations in total calories consumed.
From Terrorism Informatics to Dark Web Research

In this paper, we provide an overview of “Terrorism Informatics,” a new discipline that aims to study the terrorism phenomena with a data-driven, quantitative, and computational approach. We first summarize several critical books that lay the foundation for studying terrorism in the new Internet era. We then review important terrorism research centers and resources that are of relevance to our Dark Web research. The University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Lab’s Dark Web project is a long-term scientific research program that aims to study and understand the international terrorism (Jihadist) phenomena via a computational, data-centric approach. We aim to collect “ALL” web content generated by international terrorist groups, including web sites, forums, chat rooms, blogs, social networking sites, videos, virtual worlds, etc. We have developed various multilingual data mining, text mining, and web mining techniques to perform link analysis, content analysis, web metrics (technical sophistication) analysis, sentiment analysis, authorship analysis, and video analysis in our research. We report our recent Dark Web Forum Portal research, which provides web enabled access to critical international jihadist web forums. The portal has several significant technical extensions from our previous work: increasing the scope of our data collection, adding an incremental spidering component for regular data updates; enhancing the searching and browsing functions; enhancing multilingual machine-translation for Arabic, French, German, and Russian; and advanced Social Network Analysis (SNA). A case study on identifying active participants is shown at the end.
Identification and characterization of a novel ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chain and its role in regulating protein homeostasis

As a ubiquitin-like modifier, ISG15 is conjugated to many cellular proteins in a process termed protein ISGylation. However, the crosstalk between protein ISGylation and the ubiquitin proteasome system is not fully understood. Here, we report that cellular ubiquitin is a substrate of ISG15 and Lys 29 on ubiquitin is the major ISG15 acceptor site. Using a model substrate, we demonstrate that ISG15 can modify ubiquitin, which is immobilized on its substrate, to form ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chains. Furthermore, our results indicate that ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chains do not serve as degradation signals for a ubiquitin fusion degradation substrate. Accordingly, an ISG15-ubiquitin fusion protein, which mimics an ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chain, negatively regulates cellular turnover of ubiquitylated proteins. In addition, ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chains, which are detectable on endogenously ubiquitylated proteins, dampen cellular turnover of these proteins. Thus, our studies unveil an unanticipated interplay between two protein modification systems and highlight its role in coordinating protein homeostasis.
Myelin and microsomes from rhesus monkey spinal cord: isolation and effects of trauma.

AbstractDispersions of rhesus monkey spinal cord and brain were separated into large particle (crude mitochondrial plus nuclear) and small particle (crude microsomal) fractions; myelin was isolated from each of these preparative fractions. In brain preparations, almost all myelin was found in the large particle fraction; in contrast, almost half the myelin from spinal cord preparations was found in the small particle fraction. In addition, much larger amounts of partially degraded myelin were found in the fraction floating on 0.32 M sucrose and in the cytosol fraction of the spinal cord preparation in comparison to those of the brain preparations. These results suggest that rhesus monkey spinal cord myelin is more fragile than brain myelin; upon dispersion of spinal cord, more small myelin vesicles (isolated from the crude microsomal fraction) and more 0.32 M sucrose floating fraction (partially degraded myelin) are formed. After trauma of the spinal cord, the proportion of small vesicle myelin was increa...
Graduated Exposure Games to Reduce Children's Fear of the Dark

Publisher Summary Fear of the dark is the most common fear in children aged 4–7 years. It is often confounded with going to bed, time to get to sleep, calling to parents, and/or getting into the parents' bed. These often lead to child–parent problems and family stress. Parents' frustration and anger may lead to other problems, including child abuse. The games are particularly useful for darkness fear in children approximately 4–10 years old. This fear may manifest in many ways, including statements about being afraid, crying at night-time, clinging to parents in dark situations, trembling when in or approaching dark situations, having tantrums at bedtime, refusing to sleep in a bedroom alone, insisting on a parent staying in room until the child is asleep, insisting on lights being on, having restless nights, and frightened calling out to parents.
Stabilization of artificial gas-lift process using nonlinear predictive generalized minimum variance control

Artificial gas-lift (AGL) process is one of the techniques used in the oil industry to maintain the oil flow from the well to the production line when the reservoir pressure drops. Controller design for such a system is very challenging as it exhibits highly nonlinear dynamics. In this work, the predictive generalized minimum variance control (PGMVC) is employed to derive a robust controller for artificial gas-lift process (AGL). A closed-form optimal control law is obtained based on Taylor series approximation. Moreover, a nonlinear disturbance observer is combined with the controller to ensure zero-steady state error under model uncertainty and external disturbance. The composite controller is applied to stabilize casing-heading instability occurring in wells. Through simulation studies, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated.
Towards Automated Verification of Active Cyber Defense Strategies on Software Defined Networks

Active Cyber Defense (ACD) reconfigures cyber systems (networks and hosts) in timely manner in order to automatically respond to cyber incidents and mitigate potential risks or attacks. However, to launch a successful cyber defense, ACD strategies need to be proven effective in neutralizing the threats and enforceable under the current state and capabilities of the network. In this paper, we present a bounded model checking framework based on SMT to verify that the network can support the given ACD strategies accurately and safely without jeopardizing cyber mission invariants. We abstract the ACD strategies as sets of serializable reconfigurations and provide user interfaces to define cyber mission invariants as reachability, security, and QoS properties. We then verify the satisfaction of these invariants under the given strategies. We implemented this system on OpenFlow-based Software Defined Networks and we evaluated the time complexity for verifying ACD strategies on OpenFlow networks of over two thousand nodes and thousands of rules.
Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer Instrument Orientations via Automated Rayleigh‐Wave Arrival‐Angle Measurements

After more than 10 years of the U.S. ocean‐bottom seismometer (OBS) Instrument Pool operations, there is still need for a consistent and accurate procedure to determine the orientation of the horizontal seismometer components of passive‐source free‐fall broadband OBSs with respect to geographic north. We present a new Python‐based, automated, and high‐accuracy algorithm to obtain this information during postprocessing of the data. As with some previous methods, our new method Doran–Laske‐Orientation‐Python (DLOPy) is based on measuring intermediate‐period surface‐wave arrival angles from teleseismic earthquakes. A crucial new aspect of DLOPy is the consultation of modern global dispersion maps when setting up the analysis window. We repeat measurements at several frequencies to lower biases from wave propagation in laterally heterogeneous structure. We include measurements from the first minor and major great‐circle arcs to further lower biases caused by uneven geographical data coverage. We demonstrate the high accuracy of our technique through benchmark tests against a well‐established “hands‐on” but slow technique using data from instruments of the Global Seismographic Network for which orientations are well documented. We present results for all Cascadia Initiative deployments, along with a number of other OBS experiments. Compared to other widely used automated codes, DLOPy requires fewer events to achieve the same or better accuracy. This advantage may be greatly beneficial for OBS deployments that last as short as a few months. Our computer code is available for download. It requires minimal user input and is optimized to work with data disseminated through the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center. [Electronic Supplement:][1] Tables containing station parameters, including location and depth, as well as calculated orientation for the H1 component of the broadband sensors. [1]: http://www.bssaonline.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1785/0120160165/-/DC1
Experimental stress analysis of a notched finite composite tensile plate

Abstract Individual displacements and stresses in a vertically-loaded notched finite graphite/epoxy laminated composite are determined by processing measured values of a single component of displacement with an Airy stress function in complex variables. Displacements are recorded using digital image correlation. Traction-free conditions are imposed analytically at the notch using conformal mappings and analytic continuation, and discretely on the vertical free edge. Zero shear stress is also imposed on horizontal line of symmetry. Consequences of employing different amounts and source locations of measured displacements and varying number of coefficients, as well as how displacements are differentiated to provide strains, are considered. Reliability of experimental results is demonstrated by Finite Element and force equilibrium.
Abstract TP298: Code Stroke Simulation Training Benefits Junior Neurology Residents

Introduction: Junior neurology residents frequently receive the first call for emergency neurological conditions, including acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (Code Stroke). C...
MAC Layer Assisted Localization in Wireless Environments with Multiple Sensors and Emitters

Localization is especially challenging in extreme RF emitter density (EED) environments (e.g. football stadiums), in part due to ambiguity in associating localization measurements to the correct emitter. One approach is to use other physical layer features for data association, but such techniques may not scale well for many emitters. This paper proposes exploiting the structure provided by the MAC layer for data association. The idea is explored in the context of IEEE 802.11g by using knowledge of the packet exchange sequence (PES), virtual carrier sense, and CSMA#x002F;CA to lower the probability of association error (PE) compared to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based OSI layer 1 strategy. Analytical expressions are derived for the PE on both a per packet detection and per packet exchange sequence basis. The proposed strategy lowers PE over an entire RTS#x002F;CTS sequence and scales well asymptotically in the number of emitters. The results are specific to WLANs, but the idea and approach are broadly applicable to any communications protocol with a MAC layer.
Análisis económico de la industria de muebles de madera en Colombia con una perspectiva desde el sector forestal (1991 – 2010)

Colombia cuenta con un potencial en la produccion de madera, ya que cuenta con suelos fertiles y gran diversidad de arboles maderables “El pais tiene una superficie total cercana a los 114 millones de hectareas; de ellas algo mas de 60 millones disponen de cobertura de bosques naturales, lo que equivale al 55% del territorio nacional colombiano, y solo 405.000 hectareas corresponden a bosques plantados de las cuales cerca de 377.000 tienen fines comerciales” (Minagricultura, 2011).
Magnetization clustering inversion — Part 1: Building an automated numerical optimization algorithm

ABSTRACTMagnetic data are among the most widely used geoscientific data for studying the earth interior in the oil and mining industries. However, interpreting magnetic data has been traditionally ...
Contact/Impact Dynamics Applied to Crash Analysis

The methods for predicting the impact responses of mechanical systems, such as a vehicle’s response in a crash, can primarily be classified into two groups. In one, the impact is treated as a discontinuous event. A simple form of this type of analysis is usually conducted for accident reconstruction purposes for which each vehicle is modeled as a single body or object. For impact analysis of constrained or jointed systems such as a truck-and-trailer, and also for determination of the structural crash responses of the individual components of a mechanical system, such as the impact responses of the vehicle chassis, suspension systems, steering mechanism, etc., the extension of these traditional procedures are presented here, which involve both normal and frictional impulses, for impact analysis of any general multibody mechanical system. This method might sometimes be of limited use, since no significant change must occur in the system’s configuration before and after impact. In the second group of methods used for impact analysis of mechanical systems, the local deformations and the contact forces are treated as continuous. The application of these methods requires the knowledge of the variations of the contact forces. Several models, including nonlinear visco-elastic, Hertzian-based, and visco-plastic models are presented. The suitability of each model depends on the material properties of the surfaces in contact and also the range of impact velocities. The unknown parameters are determined utilizing the energy and momentum considerations. These models are then generalized to the impact between two bodies of a multibody mechanical system. Experimental testing procedures, utilizing a quasi-static approach to measure impact responses of fixed plates and simply supported beams, are conducted for verification of the developed contact force models. Examples, including a two-car side-swipe collision and a complex vehicle rollover are presented as applications of the presented methodologies.
Epidemiology, Etiology, Histology, Classification, and Economic Impact of Urethral Stricture Disease

Urethral stricture is a common urologic problem, with the highest prevalence in underdeveloped countries. Urethral strictures have a significant economic impact and burden. Economics and resource availability can influence stricture treatment. Detailed here-in is the epidemiology of anterior urethral strictures as to demographics, incidence, and signs and symptoms. Histology and pathology are addressed; in particular, the fibrotic process of spongiofibrosis and the changes in collagen, smooth muscle and extracellular matrix. Various classification schema for staging anterior and posterior urethral strictures are detailed. Etiology of infectious/ inflammatory (attention to the paraurethral glands) and traumatic/ ischemic strictures are also elaborated.
Fetal cardiac bypass alters regional blood flows, arterial blood gases, and hemodynamics in sheep

Successful fetal cardiac bypass might allow prenatal correction of some congenital heart defects. However, previous studies have shown that fetal cardiac bypass may result in impaired fetal gas exchange after bypass. To investigate the etiology of this impairment, we determined whether fetal cardiac bypass causes a redistribution of fetal regional blood flows and, if so, whether a vasodilator (sodium nitroprusside) can prevent this redistribution. We also determined the effects of fetal cardiac bypass with and without nitroprusside on fetal arterial blood gases and hemodynamics. Eighteen fetal sheep were studied in utero under general anesthesia. Seven fetuses underwent bypass without nitroprusside, six underwent bypass with nitroprusside, and five were no-bypass controls. Blood flows were determined using radionuclide-labeled microspheres. After bypass without nitroprusside, placental blood flow decreased by 25-60%, whereas cardiac output increased by 15-25%. Flow to all other fetal organs increased or remained unchanged. Decreased placental blood flow after bypass was accompanied by a fall in PO2 and a rise in PCO2. Nitroprusside improved placental blood flow, cardiac output, and arterial blood gases after bypass. Thus fetal cardiac bypass causes a redistribution of regional blood flow away from the placenta and toward the other fetal organs. Nitroprusside partially prevents this redistribution. Methods of improving placental blood flow in the postbypass period may prove critical to the success of fetal cardiac bypass.
Temperature-Dependent Electrochemical Characteristics of Antimony Nanocrystal Alloying Electrodes for Na-Ion Batteries

Nanostructured antimony is a highly promising alloying electrode material for both Li-ion and Na-ion battery systems, possessing a large gravimetric charge storage capacity (660 mAh g–1) combined w...
A numerical study on nonlinear surface wave evolution over viscoelastic mud

Abstract Accurate prediction of wave energy dissipation over mud is essential for understanding nearshore circulation, sediment transport processes, and design of engineering projects along muddy coasts. It is desirable to be able to simulate wave propagation over a wide range of mud behaviors as wave evolution is highly dependent on mud rheological characteristics. In this study, we develop a numerical model to simulate surface wave evolution over viscoelastic muds. This new wave-mud interaction model is comprised of a frequency-domain phase-resolving model for wave propagation that explicitly solves nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and a model for mud-induced surface wave dissipation and modulation. Model results show satisfactory agreement with laboratory measurements of wave height and attenuation rates over mud, and shows improvement over the model with a viscous mud mechanism. The model is then used to investigate the combined effect of mud viscoelasticity and nonlinear wave-wave interactions on surface wave evolution. Cnoidal and random wave simulations are conducted. In general, qualitative measures such as shape of cnoidal waves or pattern of variation in H r m s of random waves are dictated by direct mud-induced damping which due to resonance effects, has a substantially different structure over viscoelastic mud compared to viscous mud. Nonlinear interactions affect spectral shape and distribution of energy loss across the spectrum. Subharmonic interactions cause indirect damping of high frequencies but ameliorate damping of harmonics around mud’s resonance frequency. Therefore, neglecting mud elasticity can result in significant errors in estimation of bulk wave characteristics and spectral shape.
One‐Step Synthesis of 2,5‐Diaminoimidazoles and Total Synthesis of Methylglyoxal‐Derived Imidazolium Crosslink (MODIC)

Here we describe a general method for the synthesis of 2,5-diaminoimidazoles, which involves a thermal reaction between α-aminoketones and substituted guanylhydrazines without the need for additives. As one of the few known ways to access the 2,5-diaminoimidazole motif, our method greatly expands the number of reported diaminoimidazoles and further supports our previous observations that these compounds spontaneously adopt the non-aromatic 4(H) tautomer. The reaction works successfully on both cyclic and acyclic amino ketone starting materials, as well as a range of substituted guanylhydrazines. Following optimization, the method was applied to the efficient synthesis of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) methylglyoxal-derived imidazolium crosslink (MODIC). We expect that this method will enable rapid access to a variety of biologically important 2,5-diaminoimidazole-containing products.
Culture and Health Communication: A Comparative Content Analysis of Tweets from the United States and Korea

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are central channels for the delivery of health information in the United States and also in other countries. This study explores Twitter content from the CDCs in South Korea and the United States by comparing health communication messages in terms of cultural differences. The study found significant differences in communicating health in terms of frequently mentioned health topics, use of collective words, presence of authority figures, and the frequency of communication with the public. The study also indicates that economic as well as cultural factors influence the CDCs’ health communication. Overall, the study suggests how and how often the CDCs communicate may be associated with the two countries’ public health systems and surveillance in each country. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Optimality of Least-squares for Classification in Gaussian-Mixture Models

We consider the problem of learning the coefficients of a linear classifier through Empirical Risk Minimization with a convex loss function in the high-dimensional setting. In particular, we introduce an approach to characterize the best achievable classification risk among convex losses, when data points follow a standard Gaussian-mixture model. Importantly, we prove that the square loss function achieves the minimum classification risk for this data model. Our numerical illustrations verify the theoretical results and show that they are accurate even for relatively small problem dimensions.
Calculation of the wake due to radiation and space charge forces in relativistic beams

Radiation reaction force in a relativistic beam, also known as the CSR wakefield, is often computed using a 1D model of a line charge. While this model can serve as a useful tool for a quick calculation, in many cases its accuracy is not sufficient. In particular, this model misses the so-called compression effects associated with the change of the electromagnetic energy when the beam is compressed longitudinally or transversely. The existing 3D simulation codes that take this effect into account are often slow and are not easy to use. In this work, we propose a new approach to the calculations of radiation and space charge longitudinal forces in free space based on the use of the integrals for the retarded potentials. Our main result expresses the rate of change of particles' energy through 2D (in a 2D model) or 3D integrals along the beam orbit.
Outsiders Within Transforming the Academy: The Unique Positionality of Feminist Sociologists:

Several initiatives recognize the importance of transforming institutions, not just changing individuals, to diversify STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) fields. Universities and ...
Précis: Freedom to Care

This summary of Freedom to Care begins with the core claims and conceptualizations upon which the theory of liberal dependency care rests. It then summarizes the book’s chapters. The first five cha...
HIPAA: Society's Modern Day Prohibition

The judicial system understands all too well that information cannot be honestly disregarded or ignored once heard, and does its best to account for the imperfections of the human mind. To enforce the Constitutional tenets of trust and truth upon which the faith of a jury must rest, today’s health care providers find themselves held to a unique standard of scrutiny when dealing with issues of privacy.
State Implementation of the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act: Exploratory Study on Kinship Care

Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 (FC Act) has been in place for over 10 years. However, children in kinship care continue to receive fewer benefits, supports, and access to resources due to challenges with fully integrating kinship care into the child welfare system. The current study explored the state implementation of the FC Act with a focus on kinship care. Representatives from 15 states across the U.S. completed an online survey focused on their state’s response to the FC Act, and 14 participated in a follow-up survey on their states’ plan for kinship navigator programs with the passage of the Family First Prevention Services Act of 2018 (FFPSA). The findings show that the most common change after the FC Act was observed in the Act’s mandatory requirement to identify and search for kinship caregivers. States were less likely to implement non-mandated services or programs despite their potential benefits. In response to the FFPSA, states were looking for opportunities to learn from other states implementing kinship navigator programs. More support and oversight from the federal government are needed to promote successful policy implementation at the state level. In addition, social work practitioners need to be aware of programs and legislation on kinship care in order to advocate for and ensure the well-being of children and caregivers who provide kinship care.
Revealing pressure-driven structural transitions in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Sr 3 Sn 2 O 7

The authors bring together diamond anvil cell techniques, infrared spectroscopy, a symmetry analysis, and lattice dynamics calculations to reveal the series of pressure-induced structural phase transitions in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Sr${}_{3}$Sn${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$. Remarkably, the pressure and temperature progressions are identical, and this information is used to develop the phase diagram. Pressure and probably strain are highly advantageous for device applications in this family of materials because the entire series of transitions can be triggered at room temperature.
Genomic data from NSCLC tumors reveals correlation between SHP-2 activity and PD-L1 expression and suggests synergy in combining SHP-2 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors

The identification of novel therapies, new strategies for combination of therapies, and repurposing of drugs approved for other indications are all important for continued progress in the fight against lung cancers. Antibodies that target immune checkpoints can unmask an immunologically hot tumor from the immune system of a patient. However, despite accounts of significant tumor regression resulting from these medications, most patients do not respond. In this study, we sought to use protein expression and RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and two smaller studies deposited onto the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to advance our hypothesis that inhibition of SHP-2, a tyrosine phosphatase, will improve the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that target PD-1 or PD-L1 in lung cancers. We first collected protein expression data from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) to study the association of SHP-2 and PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinomas. RNA sequencing data was collected from the same subjects through the NCI Genetic Data Commons and evaluated for expression of the PTPN11 (SHP-2) and CD274 (PD-L1) genes. We then analyzed RNA sequencing data from a series of melanoma patients who were either treatment naive or resistant to ICI therapy. PTPN11 and CD274 expression was compared between groups. Finally, we analyzed gene expression and drug response data collected from 21 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for PTPN11 and CD274 expression. From the three studies, we hypothesize that the activity of SHP-2, rather than the expression, likely controls the expression of PD-L1 as only a weak relationship between PTPN11 and CD274 expression in either lung adenocarcinomas or melanomas was observed. Lastly, the expression of CD274, not PTPN11, correlates with response to ICI in NSCLC.
Brushing-Assisted Two-Color Quantum-Dot Micro-LED Array Towards Bi-Directional Optogenetics

Bi-directional optogenetics at single-cell level requires localized, bright, and multi-color light sources to activate both excitatory and inhibitory opsins. To this end, here we report a simple fabrication method of high-density, two-color, quantum dot (QD) based micron-sized light emitting diode (micro-LED) arrays. In particular, we micro-patterned InP/ZnS QDs on top of GaN-based micro-LED pixels via a simple brushing method, and coated them with a spectral filter. The resulting array featured sub- $20~\mu \text{m}$ sized light spots near both 462 nm and 623 nm, with their optical power density being ca. 0.1 – 1.0 mW/mm2. Combined with its low crosstalk and fast response, our two-color QD-LED array may hold promise for bi-directional optogenetics ultimately at the cellular level.
Lamb mortality and clostridial disease

To determine the level and timing of lamb loss that occurs during the first year of life on a typical hill country sheep and beef farm in the central North Island of New Zealand and to determine ho...
STRESSES IN PRESSURIZED CIRCULAR SHELLS WITH DISCONTINUITIES, WITH OR WITHOUT STIFFENERS

This paper is a summary of a series of five research programs dealing with the experimental determination of stresses, strains, and displacements in circular cylinders subjected to pressure. The vessels have either constant thickness or transverse reinforcing ribs. Circular holes, with either plain or reinforced edges, are located in different positions of the vessels. The methods used for the analysis are: brittle coatings, three-dimensional photoelasticity ("freezing" technique), and electrical and mechanical strain gages. The most important results are summarized in a table. These results will be of interest to designers of underwater ships and of pressure vessels in general.
On-the-Fly Training

A new algorithm for the incremental learning and non-intrusive tracking of the appearance of a previously non-seen face is presented. The computation is done in a causal fashion: the information for a given frame to be processed is combined only with the one of previous frames. To achieve this aim, a novel way for simultaneous and incremental computation of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and the mean of the data is explained in this work. Previous developed methods about computing the SVD iteratively are taken into account and a novel way to extract the mean from a factorised matrix using SVD is obtained. Moreover, the results are achieved with linear computational cost and sublinear memory requirements with respect to the size of the data. Some experimental results are also reported.
Vegetation and wildfire controls on sediment yield in bedrock landscapes

Steep, rocky landscapes commonly exhibit high sediment yields and are especially sensitive to climate, tectonics, and wildfire. Predicting landscape response to these perturbations demands a quantitative understanding of erosion processes. However, existing models for hillslope sediment production and transport do not apply to landscapes with patchy soil and slopes that exceed the angle for sediment stability. Here we present field measurements in southern California, USA, which indicate that sediment storage on steep slopes is enabled by vegetation that traps sediment upslope. We find that the storage capacity of unburned vegetation dams follows a geometric scaling model with a cubic dependence on effective plant width and an inverse dependence on local slope. Measured sediment volumes behind burned vegetation dams indicate a loss of at least 75% relative to unburned dams, and when expanded to the catchment scale, our measurements match records of postfire sediment yield from nearby retention basins. Contrary to existing models, our observations indicate that wildfire-induced sediment yield is driven by transient storage and release of sediment by vegetation dams, rather than increased bedrock-to-soil conversion rates. Without a feedback between soil production and wildfire, fire may play little role in long-term landscape evolution, and increasing fire frequency in response to climate change may not result in heightened sedimentation hazards due to supply limitations.
The Horse as a Life-Symbol in the Prose Works of D. H. Lawrence

In Lawrence's prose works, animal imagery abounds and one of the most imjx>rtant of these images is the horse, which, however, only assumes a major role in St. Mauir (written in 1925). Usually it is introduced briefly but its apf)earance cKcurs invariably at key p>oints in the plot and it functions symbolically. An understanding of this symbolic usage throws light on Lawrence's purpo.se in individual works, and the reactions of the characters to the horse give the reader a dcejjer grasp of their personalities and of the attitudes of the society in which they live.
Daniel J. Mahoney: The Other Solzhenitsyn: Telling the Truth about a Misunderstood Writer and Thinker.

Against critics who charge Solzhenitsyn with authoritarianism and dogmatic nationalism, Mahoney argues that the Russian writer presented the basis for a Christian politics that avoids fanaticism and bigotry on the one hand and weakness or apolitical passivity a-on the other.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of Al8S12

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of Al 8 S 12 in T h symmetry are examined theoretically using the Gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of four types of motion (AlS stretch, AlSAl bend, SAlS bend, and AlSAl wag) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. Normal mode frequencies are predicted and calculated infrared intensities and Raman activities are presented. The themodynamics of the reaction 2Al 4 S 6 →Al 8 S 12 are examined.
Absorption of Intense Laser Radiation by SF 6 and S 2 F 10

In this paper the absorption of intense laser radiation by SF6 and S2F10 will be discussed. These two species have many similarities as well as some very important differences. Both species have strong infrared absorption bands between 900 and 1000 cm-1 that have been assigned to sulfurfluorine stretching oscillations. However, the density of vibrational states in S2F10 is much greater than for SF6, and the sulfur-sulfur bond in S2F10 is only about 60% as strong as the sulfur-fluorine bonds in SF6. The absorption of pulsed CO2 laser radiation by low pressure SF6 at low temperature [1] will be discussed first, and this will be followed by a discussion of the absorption of pulsed CO2 laser radiation by S2F10 [2]. These results will be compared with some conclusions about the effect of molecular structure and the degree of initial vibrational excitation on absorption of intense infrared radiation by a polyatomic molecule will be made.
A Pound of Flesh

Everything goes unsaid between them. Her stray thoughts. Her girl hood. She will not fail. She will offer only steel gray to blue eyes, twinning his. Her entire corpus will be reduced to a single a word, a word joining them across time and space, a word lengths beyond daughter: athlete. That is the silent agreement standing between them like a woman made of gold, silver, or bronze, poised, taut, caught before the dive. This is how it is: each day before practice the girls are weighed. The coach stands at the door of the women's locker room, half inside, half not. The girls are ordered onto a scale like fruit, like something prized or priced. If a girl makes her weight, calculated by a complex system of flesh and fat and number equations, she is set free in water. If a girl does not make her weight, she is given licks. With a Styrofoam kickboard. Asked to bend over. The swap at the flesh hollow whacked against her. The sting at the upper leg. The reddening. One swap for every pound of fatted flesh. He watches them in the water. Up the side of the pool. Down. Surely he has a wife. Children. Perhaps even children their age. But in the space of practice he hasn't even a name, let alone a life that is not this watching. And at the side of the pool, walking up and down next to their watery thrashing, their legs kicking, their arms spinning, he is ever present, he is like an unending eye whose gaze is never returned. Only the image of their motion comes. Her teammate Seana Blazey has the ribs, the shoulder blades of a small bird. But her body is moving, her breasts and ass are round ing and rising like lush fruits. The coach is hardest on her, for her speed and her winning are remarkable. She wins every race, she leads every lane. It is as if she will never lose. He watches her more than any other girl. When he watches her at competitions, black stopwatch in the palm of his hand as if her whole life is there too, he seems as if he might explode with... something, she can never quite say. His face changes in that pure watching. It is as if there is nothing else in the universe but her body before him. And when she wins he looks seized, taken by some watery truth into glory.
The Disappearance of Analogy in Descartes, Spinoza, and Regis

L'A. defend la these de J.-L. Marion selon laquelle les verites eternelles conduisent Descartes a la disparition de l'analogie, c'est-a-dire a la disparition de la doctrine scolastique de la ressemblance analogique entre l'esprit humain et l'esprit divin. Verifiant la pertinence du principe de dissemblance chez Descartes, mais aussi chez les penseurs qu'il a influences, tels que Spinoza et Regis, l'A. montre que le principe de causalite entre Dieu et ses creatures est mis en question par la reflexion spinoziste sur la distinction entre action et passion, d'une part, et par la definition de la supra-substantialite divine chez Regis, d'autre part.
Silylation of 2‐Methyl‐2‐Propen‐1‐ol Dianion: 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)Allyltrimethylsilane

Silylation of 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol dianion: 2-(hydroxymethyl)allyltrimethylsilane intermediate: 4.25 g, bp 29–57°C (4 mm), and 45.8 g (52%) of 2-(trimethylsiloxy)allyltrimethylsilane product: 0.4 g, bp 22–54°C (4 mm), and 10.95 g (78%) of 2-(hydroxymethyl)allyltrimethylsilane byproduct: mineral oil byproduct: 4–6% of a vinylsilane Keywords: deprotection, oxygen; silylation; assay methods, for sec-butyllithium, with diphenylacetic acid or by double titration with benzoic acid and allyl chloride; chlorotrimethylsilane; diethyl ether; 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol; tetrahydrofuran; tetramethylethylenediamine
Individual differences in symptom severity and behavior predict neural activation during face processing in adolescents with autism

Despite the impressive literature describing atypical neural activation in visuoperceptual face processing regions in autism, almost nothing is known about whether these perturbations extend to more affective regions in the circuitry and whether they bear any relationship to symptom severity or atypical behavior. Using fMRI, we compared face-, object-, and house-related activation in adolescent males with high-functioning autism (HFA) and typically developing (TD) matched controls. HFA adolescents exhibited hypo-activation throughout the core visuoperceptual regions, particularly in the right hemisphere, as well as in some of the affective/motivational face-processing regions, including the posterior cingulate cortex and right anterior temporal lobe. Conclusions about the relative hyper- or hypo-activation of the amygdala depended on the nature of the contrast that was used to define the activation. Individual differences in symptom severity predicted the magnitude of face activation, particularly in the right fusiform gyrus. Also, among the HFA adolescents, face recognition performance predicted the magnitude of face activation in the right anterior temporal lobe, a region that supports face individuation in TD adults. Our findings reveal a systematic relation between the magnitude of neural dysfunction, severity of autism symptoms, and variation in face recognition behavior in adolescents with autism. In so doing, we uncover brain–behavior relations that underlie one of the most prominent social deficits in autism and help resolve discrepancies in the literature.
Acetazolamide enhanced single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) evaluation of cerebral perfusion before and after carotid endarterectomy.

Abstract Twenty-five patients were tested before and after carotid endarterectomy with resting and acetazolamide enhanced single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans with hexamethyl propyleneamine oxine (HMPAO) or iofetamine hydrochloride I123 ( 123 I labeled IMP), both widely available radiopharmaceuticals. Twenty preoperative SPECT studies were asymmetric, revealing focal or diffuse decreased perfusion reserve, and 13 also demonstrated infarcts. Five patients had symmetric (normal) studies. After carotid endarterectomy, 22 cases had changed flow distribution patterns. Usually improvement of reactivity ipsilateral occurred to the area operated on. In four, contralateral improvement was also found. Three of the patients who had preoperative symmetrical scans had increased ipsilateral reactivity after surgery indicating previous global loss of reactivity. Acetazolamide SPECT scans demonstrate a decreased perfusion reserve in 20 patients with carotid artery stenosis, indicating reduced perfusion and poor collateral circulation. Postoperative studies confirm improvement by demonstrating recovery of vascular reactivity in 84% of the patients. Acetazolamide enhanced SPECT scans may be helpful in providing objective evidence for selection of patients for carotid endarterectomy, especially in those who have an 80% carotid artery stenosis, but are asymptomatic. (J Vasc Surg 1992;15:747–54.)
Manipulation without mind-reading: information suppression and leakage during food discovery by mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)

At an ultimate, evolutionary level, manipulation entails behaviour that enhances the fitness of the manipulator even if at times inflicting a cost on the fitness of the manipulated. At a proximate, mechanistic level, mind-reading entails an ability on the part of a manipulator to attribute beliefs to those it manipulates. Both manipulation and mind-reading were investigated during a study of food-associated calling by semi free-ranging mandrills in Gabon. Mandrills were initially provisioned at a feeding cage (whose opening generated loud noises) and under these conditions calling occurred at high rates, particularly among middle-ranking individuals. When mandrills were then fed away from the cage (where potential alerting cues were absent) the calling rate dropped drastically and discoverers of the resource suppressed loud calls, producing only soft grunts. The latter conditions provided an increased opportunity for solitary consumption, and analyses showed that discoverers benefited substantially in terms of ingested food from a reduced presence of group mates. Loud calls, however, were produced by later arrivals and a correlation existed between the production of these calls and more group mates arriving at the resource. Loud calls may have enabled later arrivals to access monopolized resources, since by divulging information they could attract other, particularly lower-ranking group mates whose arrival engendered a diversion. Withholding calls (information suppression) and producing calls (information leakage) thus each appeared functionally manipulative, their usage depending only on whether they benefited the signaler. Acoustic playbacks were consistent with this hypothesis: compared to controls, food-associated calls resulted in more arrivals and also a trend toward quicker resource depletion and increased consumption by mandrills other than the discoverer. Yet upon hearing playbacks of a group mate's calls, non-vocal discoverers consuming the resource did not disguise their actions in anticipation of their group mates' arrival. In fact, some of their actions (like making repeated forays with unconcealed food) appeared wholly inconsistent with mind-reading.