cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE REGULATES FETAL GREAT VESSEL CALIBER. 420

Background Nitric oxide plays a role in the regulation of fetal great vessels and ductus arteriosus caliber near the end of gestation but the enzyme source is unknown. Aims: To determine if inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is present in the cardiovascular system of fetal rats, and to compare the effects ofL-NG-(1-lminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL) a selective inhibitor of iNOS, with lipopolysacharide (LPS), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and untreated controls near the end of gestation.Methods and Results iNOS inthe rat fetus was demonstrated in heart/great vessels and placenta using RT-PCR. Rats in the last week of pregnancy were treated for 5 d with L-NIL (1, 10, and 100 μg/ml in the drinking water). LPS 30 μg/kg od ip 5 d. SNP in mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 10 μg/kg/min. Control group was undisturbed. On day 21 of gestation, dams were anesthetized, fetuses delivered by cesarean section and rapidly frozen in isopentane chilled in liquid nitrogen. Cryostat sections(10μm) were used to reconstruct a computer generated 3D image of the great vessels and ductus arteriosus, calibers were measured with electronic calipers in mm. Table shows Mean±SEM Significant dose-dependent constriction of the great vessels and ductus arteriosus was observed with L-NIL while both LPS and SNP significantly dilated the vessels.Conclusions Nitric oxide, generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase plays a significant role in the control of major vessels and ductus arteriosus caliber in the fetal rat. In this regard nitrergic regulation of vascular tone in the fetus differs from the adult.
The role of calcium in the stimulation of gluconeogenesis by catecholamines.

Abstract In hepatocytes isolated from fasted normal rats and incubated without albumin or gelatin, norepinephrine stimulated gluconeogenesis from fructose or dihydroxyacetone only in the absence of added calcium and from sorbitol or glycerol only in the presence of added calcium. The effects of calcium, norepinephrine, or calcium in combination with norepinephrine on the concentration of intermediary metabolites were therefore studied in hepatocytes metabolizing fructose or sorbitol as the representative oxidized or reduced substrate, respectively. With fructose as the substrate, addition of calcium increased the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and β-hydroxybutyrate, but decreased the concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate, 2-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose 6-phosphate, malate, citrate, and α-oxoglutarate. With sorbitol as the substrate, calcium increased the concentrations of pyruvate, malate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose. With either substrate, calcium caused a decrease in the lactate/ pyruvate ratio and an increase in the β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio, indicating the stimulation of transfer of reducing equivalents from cytosol to mitochondria. With sorbitol as the substrate, and with calcium present, norepinephrine promoted further electron transfer from cytosolic to mitochondrial NAD. Enhanced cytosolic calcium concentrations, when cells are exposed to catecholamines in the presence of medium calcium, stimulate the mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and thus the transfer of electrons between cell compartments.
Bridge health assessment system with fatigue analysis algorithm

A modern bridge is such a complicated system that is difficult to analyze by conventional mathematic tools. A rational bridge monitoring requires a good knowledge of the actual condition of various structural components. Fatigue analysis of concrete bridges is one of the most important problems. Concrete bridges are often undergoing a fatigue deterioration, starting with cracking and ending with large holes through the web. There is a need for the development of efficient health assessment system for fatigue evaluation and prediction of the remaining life. This information has clear economical consequences, as deficient bridges must be repaired or closed. The goal of this research is to provide a practical expert system in bridge health evaluation and improve the understanding of bridge behavior during their service. Efforts to develop a functional bridge monitoring system have mainly been concentrated upon successful implementation of experienced-based machine learning. The reliability of the techniques adopted for damage assessment is also important for bridge monitoring systems. By applying the system to an in-service PC bridge, it has been verified that this fuzzy logic expert system is effective and reliable for the bridge health evaluation.
Evidence that Early Sexual Maturity May Increase Early Growth Rate in Rhode Island Red Pullets

Abstract EARLY growth rate in chickens may be measured with considerable accuracy by weighing at eight weeks and again at twelve weeks. Body weight may be conveniently taken when the sexes are separated at eight weeks. For broiler purposes the weight at twelve weeks is important. Rhode Island Red pullets bred for high fecundity and hatched during March and April 1950 were used for study. Individual weight records were made at 8 weeks on 528 birds that were subsequently tested for age at first egg and weighed at first egg. Weights were taken at 12 weeks on 489 of these pullets. The summary data are presented in Table 1 and are illustrated graphically in Chart 1. The pullets have been arbitrarily divided into three groups with respect to age at sexual maturity. The early group ranged in age from 160 to 189 days, the medium group had a range from 190 . . .
Dopamine uptake inhibitory activity of novel tryptamine 5‐HT1 receptor ligands

In the search for novel serotonin receptor ligands, a series of 5-thiazolyl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine derivatives was synthesized which exhibited high affinity binding to 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1D receptors and the functional characteristics of receptor agonists. One member, 5-(4-anilnomethyl-2-thiazolyl)-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (CP-110,330), was found also to be a potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes. This activity was confirmed by its potent displacement of [3H]N(1-[2-benzo(b)thiophenyl]cyclohexyl piperidine (BTCP) binding to the dopamine transporter in striatal membranes. A limited structure-activity study indicated that optimal dopamine uptake blocking activity was obtained when the thiazole C4 substituent consisted of phenyl with a 2-atom spacer. The potent effect of these 5-HT1 receptor ligands on dopamine uptake can be rationalized by the observation that the flexibility of these tryptamine molecules allows the superimposition of the phenyl ring and amino group of the side chain with the corresponding moieties of tametraline, a known catecholamine uptake inhibitor of fixed conformation. A related compound, 3-(R-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-5-(4-benzyl-2-thiazolylamino)-1H-indole (CP-146,662) showed similar potent binding affinity to 5-HT1 receptors and the dopamine transporter. Compounds with this dual serotonergic and dopaminergic activity may have utility as antidepressant agents. As potent dopamine uptake inhibitors, they may also have application in the treatment of cocaine addiction. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transient sheath in a cylindrical bore for finite-rise-time voltage pulses

A model predicting the evolution of the sheath in a plasma-filled cylindrical bore for finite-rise-time voltage pulses is presented. It is found that the maximum ion impact energy and the proportion of energetic ions decrease as the pulse rise time increases. For applications in which it is desirable to maximize the ion impact energy (e.g., plasma-based ion implantation), shorter rise times are better.
Giant negative magnetoresistance of a degenerate two-dimensional electron gas in the variable-range-hopping regime.

We present an experimental study of magnetoresistance of a degenerate, two-dimensional electron gas with a broad range of localization length in the variable-range-hopping regime. At low magnetic fields, a giant negative magnetoresistance of R(0)/R(H)∼7 is observed and is confirmed to be an orbital mechanism in origin. At high fields, the two-dimensional electron gas shows a contrasting transport behavior of a positive magnetoresistance. We found the transition from negative to positive magnetoresistance is temperature independent and occurs at a magnetic field corresponding to the lowest Landau-level filling factor of v=2
Dynamical spin correlations in the Oguchi antiferromagnet

Abstract Using a projection theorem the time- and temperature-dependent spin correlations and their wavevector-dependent frequency transforms are obtained in the Oguchi model of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet. The results obtained are valid for all spin values but for only a limited range of temperature.
An investigation of heat transfer effects in isothermal crystallization studies of low-density polyethylene

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were measured from 96°C-103°C using a power-compensating differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Crystallization kinetics were measured using different sample thicknesses and on samples compounded with nickel, a filler with high thermal conductivity. For the unfilled material, sample thickness and temperature had a significant effect on the rate of crystallization as measured by the Avrami rate constant K, but had no effect on the nucleation mechanism and dimensionality of growth, as measured by the Avrami constant n. The crystallization growth rate as expressed by K 1/n scaled approximately with the thickness of the sample. For the filled material, K was much higher and independent of nickel content, suggesting a limiting growth rate for polyethylene at a given temperature in this equipment. The dependence of crystallization rate on sample thickness indicates that barriers to heat transfer can be important. This work shows that for most crystallization rates, thermal conductivity, rather than interfacial resistance between sample and pan, limits heat transfer. Even though thermal conductivity typically dominates heat-transfer resistance, sample-pan thermal contact is still important, and some guidelines are given to determine whether good contact is being made.
ORGANOMETALLIC RADICAL CHEMISTRY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Photochemically generated 17-valence electron metal radicals react with ligands to form 19-electron complexes, e.g., reaction 1 [1]. The 19-electron complexes are versatile reducing agents and we reported that they can be used to reduce a variety or organic, organometallic, and inorganic complexes, e.g., reaction 2. In addition to their versatility, two other features make the 19-electron complexes ideal choices as reducing agents for many applications. First, the complexes are easy to generate: the metal-metal bonded dimers are convenient precursors and the wavelength of irradiation (λ > 500 nm) generally precludes substrate absorption. Second, the 19-electron complexes are powerful reducing agents. In some cases, we estimate their oxidation potential to be 2 V or higher.
A predictive man-machine environment for training and evaluating control operators

Abstract After a brief discussion of decision support systems and the problems of Air Traffic Control (ATC), the design and implementation of a Predictive Man-Machine Environment (PMME) are described that can in general be used in the automatic training and evaluation of control operators, as well as serve as the basis of their routine planning and decision-making activity. PMME works with two connected workstations, one of which displays the essential features of the Current World and the other those of the Extrapolated World. The latter predicts the future consequences of the control operator's tentative decisions made in responding to the Current World. If the operator is satisfied with the consequences, he finalizes his decisions; otherwise, he modifies the tentative decision and, time permitting, goes through this cycle as many times as necessary. A simulated air traffic control environment for the PMME has also been implemented and two sets of experiments in it performed with tasks of equal complexity—one with and the other without the extrapolation facility. A statistically significant improvement has been shown in the ATC operations that rely on the extrapolation facility. It can be said in general that the PMME increases the effectiveness and efficiency of human judgmental processes by extending their range, capabilities and speed.
The fragmentation behavior of the various exo-5,6-trimethylene-endo- and exo-norbornanols

The 70 eV and 20 eV electron ionization mass spectra of several exo-5,6-trimethylene-endo- and exo-norbor-nanols may be used in certain circumstances as an analytical tool in the identification of the individual alcohols.
Combined Source-Channel Coding of Images under Power and Bandwidth Constraints

This paper proposes a framework for combined source-channel coding for a power and bandwidth constrained noisy channel. The framework is applied to progressive image transmission using constant envelope -ary phase shift key ( -PSK) signaling over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. First, the framework is developed for uncoded -PSK signaling (with ). Then, it is extended to include coded -PSK modulation using trellis coded modulation (TCM). An adaptive TCM system is also presented. Simulation results show that, depending on the constellation size, coded -PSK signaling performs 3.1 to 5.2 dB better than uncoded -PSK signaling. Finally, the performance of our combined source-channel coding scheme is investigated from the channel capacity point of view. Our framework is further extended to include powerful channel codes like turbo and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. With these powerful codes, our proposed scheme performs about one dB away from the capacity-achieving SNR value of the QPSK channel.
Un-presidented: a qualitative framing analysis of the NAACP's public relations response to the 2000 presidential election

Abstract The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has a 100-year history of mobilizing minority voters. Millions responded to the NAACP's multi-million dollar publicity campaign in the 2000 presidential election. When the election stalled unexpectedly, the NAACP's communications response was intended to help U.S. voters interpret the unusual circumstances. The NAACP's public relations department uses the media and the Internet to reach its audiences. This study qualitatively examined the NAACP's messages and compared them to almost 400 post-election news articles in six mainstream newspapers. There was little overlap between the media's frames and those advanced by the NAACP, which suggests that the NAACP's messages were ignored.
Full Rotatability of Stephenson Six-Bar and Geared Five-Bar Linkages

Full rotatability identification is a problem frequently encountered in linkage analysis and synthesis. The full rotatability of a linkage is referred to a linkage in which the input may complete a full revolution without the possibility of encountering a dead center position. In a complex linkage, the input rotatability of each branch may be different. This paper presented a unified and comprehensive treatment for the full rotatability identification of six-bar and geared five-bar linkages disregard the choice of input and output joints or fixed link. A simple way to identify all dead center positions and the associated branches is discussed. Special attention and detail discussion is given to the more difficult condition with the input given through a link or joint not in the four-bar loop or on a gear-link. A branch without a dead center position has full rotatability. Using the concept of joint rotation space, the branch of each dead center position, and hence the branch without a dead center position can be identified easily. The proposed method is simple and conceptually straightforward and the process can be automated easily. It can be extended to any other single-degree-of-freedom complex linkages.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The use of digital computers in dermatologic diagnosis: computer-aided diagnosis of febrile illness with eruption.

A computer program has been written to assist medical personnel in the diagnosis of eruptions with fever. Thirty-four criteria are utilized in the diagnosis of 33 clinical entities. Diagnosis is based on template analysis, Bayesian statistical analysis, or a combination of the two. Of 97 cases of febrile illnesses with eruption, 62 were documented diagnoses within the universe of the program. Template analysis succeeded in 90% of these, Bayesian analysis produced the correct diagnosis in 81%, and in 55% it resulted in a list containing the clinician's diagnosis is most probable. The combined method yielded the clinician's diagnosis as most probable in 65% of the cases. The discrepancies between the clinician's diagnosis and the computer output have been analyzed and found to be due to inadequacies in the dermatologic data base.
Measurement of effect of chemical reactions on the hydrologic properties of fractured glass media using a tri-axial flow and transport apparatus

Summary Understanding the effect of chemical reactions on the hydrologic properties of sub-surface media is critical to many natural and engineered sub-surface systems. Methods and information for such characterization of fractured media are severely lacking. Influence of glass corrosion (precipitation and dissolution) reactions on fractured glass blocks HAN28 and LAWBP1, two candidate waste glass forms for a proposed immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW) disposal facility at the Hanford, WA site, was investigated. Flow and tracer transport experiments were conducted in such randomly and multiply fractured ILAW glass blocks, before and after subjecting them to corrosion using vapor hydration testing (VHT) at 200 °C temperature and 200 psig (1379 KPa) pressure, causing the precipitation of alteration products. A tri-axial fractured media flow and transport experimental apparatus, which allows the simultaneous measurement of flow and transport properties and their anisotropy, has been designed and built for this purpose. Such apparatus for fractured media characterization are being reported in the literature only recently. Hydraulic properties of fractured blocks were measured in different orientations and along different cardinal directions, before and after glass corrosion reactions. Miscible displacement experiments using a non-reactive dye were also conducted, before and after glass corrosion reactions, to study the tracer transport behavior through such media. Initial efforts to analyze breakthrough curve (BTC) data using a 1D advection dispersion equation (ADE) solution revealed that a different fractured media transport model, which accurately accounts for the heterogeneous transport behavior in 3D, may be necessary for such interpretation. It was found that glass reactions could have a significant influence on the hydrologic properties of fractured ILAW glass media. The methods and results are useful to better understand the effect of chemical reactions on the hydrologic properties of fractured geomedia in general and glass media in particular.
EFFECTS OF PHASIC AND TONIC LIGHT INPUTS ON THE ORCADIAN ORGANIZATION OF THE SQUIRREL MONKEY

— The organization of the circadian timing system in Saimiri sciureus was probed using the phasic (abrupt transition) and tonic (continuous action) effects of light intensity. The behavior of the simultaneously monitored circadian rhythms of feeding behavior, colonic temperature, and urinary potassium excretion was studied in response to the phasic effects of (a) an abrupt 8-h phase delay in the light–dark (LD) cycle and (b) a series of non-24 h LD cycles (T= 18 to 30 h). These studies demonstrated that the feeding and temperature rhythms were more tightly coupled to the light-dark cycle than was the rhythm of urinary potassium excretion. The tonic effects of constant levels of illumination confirmed this conclusion. In constant light, internal desynchronization spontaneously occurred in 25% of animals with the potassium rhythm exhibiting a period quite different from that of the feeding and colonic temperature rhythms. Thus, the response of the internal circadian timekeeping system to phasic and tonic light inputs shows that the system in this species comprises at least two potentially independent oscillators with differential light sensitivities.
Retrospective Analysis of Gender Differences in Reaction to Media Coverage of Crisis Events: New Insights on the Justice and Care Orientations

We surveyed 2,125 men and 3,735 women (N = 5,860) across the USA to test hypothesized relationships regarding women’s and men’s use of justice and care orientations when they confront crisis events with moral implications. Consistent with previous research, we found that women were more likely than men to adopt a care orientation. Contrary to expectations, however, women also adopted a justice response to a greater degree than did men. We found that, in response to a crisis, women, unlike men, were more likely to believe they would connect with others and take action. Implications for explaining inconsistencies in prior research findings on the justice and care orientations, and for conceptualizing these important constructs in a new way, are discussed.
Time petri nets for schedulability analysis of the transactional event handlers of P-FRP

Priority-based FRP (P-FRP) is a functional programming formalism for reactive systems that guarantees real-time response. Preempted tasks in P-FRP are aborted and have to restart when no higher priority tasks are present in the execution queue. The abort and eventual restart makes the response time of a lower priority task completely dependent on the execution pattern of higher priority tasks. Exact schedulability analysis methods of P-FRP that have been presented so far require the evaluation of all release scenarios of higher priority tasks. Unfortunately, the number of such scenarios scales exponentially with the size of the task set, making exact schedulability analysis of this execution model a computationally expensive proposition. The formal method of Time Petri Net (TPN) has previously been used for schedulability analysis of preemptive and non-preemptive models. TPNs for P-FRP or other transaction like execution models have not been developed yet. In this paper, we develop TPN models for the transactional execution model of P-FRP and show that TPNs offer an efficient alternative for schedulability analysis of this model. We have implemented our TPNs in the model checker ROMEO and have validated the correctness of our models through experimental task sets.
The UMKC Medical Education Experiment: An Alternative Pathway to Physicianhood

IN SEPTEMBER 1969, after a two-day visit to Kansas City, a survey team representing the Liaison Committee on Medical Education gave this opinion: The'educational program of the University of Missouri—Kansas City [UMKC] School of Medicine, if developed as presently proposed, will constitute a significant departure from the typical pattern of education in American medical schools. As such, it should be viewed as an experiment in medical education. In the opinion of the survey team, the experiment should be permitted to continue with the knowledge and consent of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. The survey team's awareness that it was authorizing a major departure in medical education was made clear in the next paragraph: The University has consciously undertaken the development of a different kind of medical school, with a major emphasis upon education of the student to provide medical care, with early and continuous involvement of the student with
Imaging the Glycosylation State of Cell Surface Glycoproteins by Two‐Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

Glycoproteins in focus Metabolic labeling of azido sugars combined with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy enables the visualization of specific glycoforms of endogenous proteins. This method can be utilized to detect glycosylated proteins in both cell culture and intact human tissue slices.
Surface reconstruction via Helmholtz reciprocity with a single image pair

This paper proposes a method for three-dimensional reconstruction of surfaces that takes advantage of the symmetry resulting from alternating the positions of a camera and a light source. This set up allows for use of the Helmholtz reciprocity principle to recover the shape of smooth surfaces with arbitrary bidirectional reflectance distribution functions without requiring the presence of texture, as well as for exploiting mutual occlusions between images. Different from previous methods, the technique works with as few as one reciprocal pair, and recovers surface depth and orientation simultaneously by finding the global minimum of an error function via dynamic programming. Since the error is a function not just of depth but of surface orientation as well, the reconstruction is subject to tighter geometric constraints. Given a current estimate of surface geometry and intensity measurements in one image, Helmholtz reciprocity is used to predict the pixel intensity values of the second image. The dynamic program finds the reconstruction that minimizes the total difference between the predicted and measured intensity values. This approach allows for the reconstruction of surfaces displaying specularities and regions of high curvature, which is a challenge commonly encountered in the optical inspection of industrial parts. Results with real data show the quality of the reconstruction obtained with the proposed algorithm.
A social network's changing statistical properties and the quality of human innovation

We examined the entire network of creative artists that made Broadway musicals, in the post-War period, a collaboration network of international acclaim and influence, with an eye to investigating how the network's structural features condition the relationship between individual artistic talent and the success of their musicals. Our findings show that some of the evolving topographical qualities of degree distributions, path lengths and assortativity are relatively stable with time even as collaboration patterns shift, which suggests their changes are only minimally associated with the ebb and flux of the success of new productions. In contrast, the clustering coefficient changed substantially over time and we found that it had a nonlinear association with the production of financially and artistically successful shows. When the clustering coefficient ratio is low or high, the financial and artistic success of the industry is low, while an intermediate level of clustering is associated with successful shows. We supported these findings with sociological theory on the relationship between social structure and collaboration and with tests of statistical inference. Our discussion focuses on connecting the statistical properties of social networks to their performance and the performance of the actors embedded within them.
LQG based robust tracking control of blood gases during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

The paper presents three different types of LQG based controllers designed for tracking control of the arterial partial pressures of the blood gases; oxygen and carbon dioxide (O 2 and CO 2 ) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO is a method of support for the heart and or lungs in severely ill patients. In this procedure, the blood is circulated out of the body and into an ECMO machine where the O 2 and CO 2 gas levels are restored before being pumped back into the body. The performance of each of the controllers was ascertained both from a tracking as well as disturbance rejection standpoint to step commands in both these inputs. Robustness analysis was also performed on all the closed loop configurations using the structured singular value analysis. The uncertainty was considered to be of a structured parametric type and was captured by the perturbation of the system “A” matrix. Performance of all the controllers was tuned so as to ensure robust stability to these parametric uncertainties. The LQG and LQG/LTR with feed forward control were able to achieve good tracking performance. But, only the LQG augmented with integral control was able to achieve accurate tracking of the arterial partial pressures of the blood gases in the presence of a step input disturbance in the blood gases flow rates.
Quand les cellules cancéreuses sont accros à un gène normal

> La liste est longue des alterations genetiques et epigenetiques pouvant contribuer au developpement d’un cancer [1]. Les travaux de sequencage a grande echelle ainsi que l’etude des profils d’expression genique sur puces a ADN ont permis une classification minutieuse des cancers [2] et etabli la liste des genes qui pourraient etre cibles. Mais il est souvent difficile de distinguer les mutations « directrices », aboutissant reellement a l’apparition d’un cancer et a son evolution, des mutations sans effet sur son developpement, resultant de l’instabilite genetique qui caracterise la majorite des cancers. Les approches fonctionnelles se sont donc multipliees ces dernieres annees sous la forme, entre autres, de criblages genetiques a grande echelle permettant de traquer le « talon d’Achille » des cellules cancereuses. NOUVELLE
Characterization of HIV-Associated Hodgkin's Lymphoma in HIV-Infected Patients A Single-Center Experience

IntroductionAlthough the incidence and prevalence of AIDS-defining malignancies has decreased in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence and prevalence of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in the HIV-infected population continues to rise. Compared with the general population, HIV-infected patients exhibit a 5-10-fold increased risk for developing HL.MethodsA retrospective review of charts and electronic records from 2000-2010 at the HIV outpatient clinic (HOP)-Louisiana State University in New Orleans was conducted, and pathologically confirmed cases of HIV-HL were identified within this cohort.ResultsWe found a prevalence of 6.3 cases per 1,000 patients per year of HIV-HL over a period of 10 years in our HIV outpatient clinic. The mean absolute CD4 count before treatment was 284 cells/mm3 and after treatment was 194 cells/mm3. The average time from the diagnosis of HIV infection to the diagnosis of HIV-HL was 7.6 years. The most common histopathologic type was mixed cellularity follo...
Power distribution analysis for IBM eServer system integration optimization

Server system design is strongly influenced by power delivery aspects. Multiple requirements and limitations must be taken into consideration. This requires an appropriate DC analysis workflow. This contribution outlines a DC strategy used for IBM eServer design. The strategy is divided into two parts, PrePD and PostPD. PrePD type of analysis is used for system high-level design and optimization including parts selection, number of board layers, module sizing and placement on board, interface pin pattern optimization for both module to board and board to backplane. PostPD analysis is used for first level packaging design optimization and verification. The combination of PrePD and PostPD analysis serves as an efficient and useful tool, shown by the examples of various applications, for server power delivery system design.
Simulated downwind coal combustion emissions for laboratory inhalation exposure atmospheres.

Exposure atmospheres for rodent inhalation toxicology studies were generated to enable the evaluation of biological responses to a simulated downwind coal combustion atmosphere. A composition representing a single test case of emissions components as they may exist tens to hundreds of miles from a coal-fired power plant was developed. The particulate matter (PM) was 99% sulfate (partially neutralized) and 1% ash. Sulfate was present in equimolar concentrations to sulfur dioxide (SO2). Gaseous nitrogen species included nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric acid (HNO3). At the high-exposure level, the gaseous species target concentrations were 0.2 ppm SO2, 0.6 ppm NO, 0.3 ppm NO2, and 0.1 ppm HNO3. The test atmosphere was produced by combining effluent from a laboratory coal combustor with sulfate generated through an evaporation–condensation generator. These atmospheres were used to conduct inhalation toxicology studies that have been previously reported.
A system biology approach highlights a hormonal enhancer effect on regulation of genes in a nitrate responsive "biomodule"

Background Nitrate-induced reprogramming of the transcriptome has recently been shown to be highly context dependent. Herein, a systems biology approach was developed to identify the components and role of cross-talk between nitrate and hormone signals, likely to be involved in the conditional response of NO3- signaling.
The Academic Library in Institutional Assessment: Seizing an Opportunity

This paper reviews the major forces that led to a new climate of assessment in higher education, some of the instruments commonly used to assess undergraduate student learning and growth, and the programs through which results are communicated to prospective students, their parents, lawmakers, and other constituents. The impact of increased emphasis on assessment on academic libraries and the role those libraries can play in institutional assessment activities is also discussed.
Why single-beam optical tweezers trap gold nanowires in three dimensions.

Understanding whether noble-metal nanostructures can be trapped optically and under what conditions will enable a range of applications that exploit their plasmonic properties. However, there are several nontrivial issues that first need to be resolved. A major one is that metal particles experience strong radiation pressure in optical beams, while stable optical trapping requires an attractive force greater than this radiation pressure. Therefore, it has generally been considered impossible to obtain sufficiently strong gradient forces using single-beam optical tweezers to trap relatively large metal nanostructures in three dimensions. Here we demonstrate that a single, tightly focused laser beam with a wavelength of 800 nm can achieve three-dimensional optical trapping of individual gold (Au) nanowires with lengths over 2 μm. Nanowires can be trapped by the beam at one of their ends, in which case they undergo significant angular fluctuations due to Brownian motion of the untrapped end. They can also be...
ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA POLYMORPHISMS AMONG CHANNEL ISLAND DEER MICE.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 131 deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, collected on the eight California Channel Islands and from seven southern California mainland locations, was isolated and analyzed for restriction endonuclease fragment polymorphisms. A total of 26 mtDNA genotypes were distinguishable among the deer mice sampled. All of the island samples had mtDNA restriction-fragment patterns not found among the mainland samples. Distributions of specific restriction-fragment patterns provide evidence for at least four separate colonization events to the Channel Islands. The estimated percentage of sequence divergence between all mtDNA's in this study was less than 1%, suggesting that colonization of the islands occurred fairly recently, probably within the last 500,000 years. Levels of mtDNA heterogeneity were much lower within island populations than within mainland populations.
Teaching Parents Enhanced Milieu Teaching With Words and Signs Using the Teach-Model-Coach-Review Model

Measuring treatment fidelity is an essential step in research designed to increase the use of evidence-based practices. For parent-implemented communication interventions, measuring the implementation of the teaching and coaching provided to the parents is as critical as measuring the parents’ delivery of the intervention to the child. Both levels of measurement are important in translating research into effective practice. In a single-case multiple-baseline design, the effectiveness of the teach-model-coach-review model for teaching Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) Words and Signs to parents of young children with Down syndrome was evaluated. Implementation of parent training was completed with high fidelity. In addition, there was a functional relation between the implementation of the parent training and parents’ use of the specific EMT intervention strategies. The findings of this study replicate and extend previous studies suggesting systematic teaching and coaching can be effective in improving parent...
Analysis of bipolar maintenance treatment with lithium versus olanzapine utilizing Multi-state Outcome Analysis of Treatments (MOAT)

Objectives Survival analysis has superseded most other analytic techniques for maintenance treatment studies over recent decades, despite providing results based solely on a single time-point predefined event. The aim of the present study was to develop the Multi-state Outcome Analysis of Treatments (MOAT), to provide more pragmatic information for clinicians and investigators in guiding maintenance treatment decisions. The present study was one of two published studies on the development of MOAT procedures, involving a one-year comparison of olanzapine versus lithium in recently manic patients. Methods MOAT partitions total survival time into clinically distinct periods that are operationally defined by cut points on established rating scales. For bipolar disorders, the clinical states are remission, subsyndromal and syndromal mania, mixed states, and subsyndromal and syndromal depression. Results MOAT re-analyses of the clinical trial revealed clinically important findings not identified when utilizing Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Compared to patients treated with lithium, patients taking olanzapine experienced significantly more time in subsyndromal depression. Patients taking lithium spent significantly more time in mixed states than did patients taking olanzapine. Conclusions MOAT provided detailed information on treatment outcomes that was not provided by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Its capability to identify and aggregate time in different clinical states of bipolar disorder may aid in identifying drug effects that are important in selecting and conducting maintenance treatment.
Tuberculous pleurisy with effusion. Diagnosis and results of chemotherapy.

Pleural effusion occurring in a young adult with a positive tuberculin skin test should be considered tuberculous until proved otherwise. Additional diagnostic technics include demonstrating tubercle bacilli by sputum or gastric culture or guinea pig inoculation and needle biopsy of pleural fluid for bacteriologic and histologic study. Recommended therapy is a regimen of isoniazid and PAS. A period of sanatorium treatment is desirable.
The Background to the British Industrial Revolution

To a considerable extent, the purpose of this study is to emphasize a particular way of evaluating both the causes and effects of the industrial revolution in much of Western Europe. This chapter takes a brief look into the nature of the economic system that produced the industrial revolution — on as macroeconomic a level of detail as possible — in order to isolate some of the principal influences on later development. The industrial revolution began in Britain in the 18th century and so the description of the British case occupies the largest space in this study. In fact, we will make simple chronological breaks in the 210 years of British economic history we consider, with Chapter 1 covering the period in which the event began (1700–1780), Chapter 2 covering the first revolution itself (1780–1850/60) and Chapter 3 covering the period of consolidation in the United Kingdom (1870–1910), when the rate of growth of the industrial sector also decelerated somewhat.
Extracorporeal Support for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Bright Future

In the past the only option for the treatment of respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aeCOPD) was invasive mechanical ventilation. In recent decades, the potential for extracorporeal carbon dioxide (CO2) removal has been realized. We review the various types of extracorporeal CO2 removal, outline the optimal use of these therapies for aeCOPD, and make suggestions for future controlled trials. We also describe the advantages and requirements for an ideal long-term ambulatory CO2 removal system for palliation of COPD.
The future of food tourism: foodies, experiences, exclusivity, visions, and political capital

The Future of Food Tourism delivers very creative content while thoroughly covering what is considered to be a relatively new focus of inquiry for tourism research. The editors’ stated aim of the b...
From complex magnetism ordering to simple ferromagnetism in two-dimensional LaCrS b 3 by hole doping

Competing orders widely exist in many material systems, such as superconductivity, magnetism, and ferroelectricity; $\mathrm{LaCrS}{\mathrm{b}}_{3}$ is a highly anisotropic magnetic material in which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically in one direction and canted antiferromagnetically in another in the Cr-Sb chains. Hole doping with $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}^{2+}$ in the La site suppresses the antiferromagnetic correlations and transforms the anisotropic magnetic order into a ferromagnetic lattice in all directions. First-principles density functional theory calculations show that the canted magnetic order becomes energetically less favorable compared to the FM order upon hole doping. Doping in the La site is an effective approach to modulate the competing orders in $\mathrm{LaCrS}{\mathrm{b}}_{3}$.
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)

Microelectromechanical Systems, generally referred to as MEMS, has been researched and developed over the past decades. This chapter presents an overview of MEMS innovations starting from the 1960's. The field started from fabricating simple micromechanical structures to implementing sophisticated microsystems. The progresses were enabled by advanced fabrication and packaging technologies as well as the participation of researchers from multidisciplinary areas. Continuing the success over the past four decades, MEMS are envisioned to extend their impacts to broader societal aspects. Some of the technical challenges are being investigated and others remain to be solved. Clearly, the MEMS field is and will be full of promises and excitements.
A dynamic VCG mechanism for random allocation spaces

We construct a dynamic version of the VCG pivot mechanism applicable to private value environments in which the allocation space in each period is random. A key characteristic of this setting is that while the allocations chosen by the coordinator in each stage are based on the actual realization of the random set of feasible allocations, the agent's reports in each step are made prior to this realization. This adds an additional layer to the problem, as players reporting their type now will take into account the distributional characteristics of the feasible allocation sets. We consider a modified social welfare function, in which “the public”, regarded as a non-player, also receives utility from allocation decisions. For both the finite and the infinite horizon case, we construct mechanisms that satisfy a suitable notion of incentive compatibility and individual rationality and are weak budget balanced. Finally, we outline how our mechanisms may be applied to the problem of dynamically allocating random goods to a group of players that have private valuations for different item bundles.
Experimental Assessment of Wind Loads on Vinyl Wall Siding

Wind-induced damage to multi-layer building wall systems, such as systems with vinyl siding, is common, especially in hurricane-prone areas. Wind load distribution through these multi layered walls and the amount of load reduction due to pressure equalization is expressed through Pressure Equalization Factors (PEF). The ASTM D3679 standard suggests a PEF of 0.36, which means a 64% reduction in the net pressure on the siding. This paper presents results from an experimental study conducted on a low-rise building subjected to realistic wind loading conditions at the Wall of Wind (WOW) experimental facility at Florida International University (FIU). Results from area averaged mean and peak pressure coefficients indicated that a very small portion of the total wind load is carried by the vinyl siding. However, PEF’s were found to be much higher when individual taps were considered. For instance, PEFs ranged from 71% to 106% for the case of pressure coefficients with negative sign (suction) and 39% to 110% for the case of pressure coefficients with positive sign (pressure). When a combined set of taps was considered, PEFs ranged approximately from 50% to 80% for the case of ‘suction’ and 15% to 75% for ‘pressure’. Based on the 1 m2 of tributary area used in ASCE 7-10 Standard, results show that the net load on vinyl wall siding can be obtained by reducing the net design load for the entire wall assembly by 25% and 60% for suctions and pressures, respectively. However, a smaller tributary area (< 1 m2) can experience a local peak load that can induce damage to connections, especially in the case of relatively flexible wall coverings, with no or very little load sharing between connection points. Results indicate that for smaller areas (~ 0.2 m2) the allowable percentage reductions should not be more than 15% and 25% for suctions and pressures, respectively. This study shows that the suggested ASTM PEF of 0.36 may lead to the underestimation of loads for the design of details affected by local loads. However, further research is needed to consider more cases when developing adequate design load guidelines for vinyl wall sidings.
Sustaining Physics Teacher Education Coalition Programs in Physics Teacher Education.

Thriving physics teacher preparation programs require a local champion and institutional commitment.
Integrating Programming Learning Analytics Across Physical and Digital Space

In this work, we study students' learning effectiveness through their use of a homegrown innovative educational technology, Web Programming Grading Assistant (WPGA), which facilitates grading and feedback delivery of paper-based assessments. We designed a lab study and a classroom study from a lower-division blended-instruction computer science course. We evaluated a partial credit assignment algorithm. We tracked and modeled students’ learning behaviors through their use of WPGA. Results showed that students demonstrated an effort and desire to review assessments regardless of if they were graded for academic performance or for attendance. Diligent students achieved higher exam scores on average and were found to review their exams and the correct questions frequently. Additionally, student cohorts exhibited similar initial reviewing patterns, but different in-depth reviewing and reflecting strategies. Ultimately, the work contributes to multidimensional learning analytics aggregation across the physical and cybersphere.