cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide linkage scan for genes influencing plasma triglyceride levels in the veterans administration genetic epidemiology study

OBJECTIVE—Elevated plasma triglyceride concentration is a component of the insulin resistance syndrome and is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and coronary heart disease. The goal of our study was to perform a genome-wide linkage scan to identify genetic regions that influence variation in plasma triglyceride levels in families that are enriched with individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used phenotypic and genotypic data from 1,026 individuals distributed across 294 Mexican-American families, who were ascertained for type 2 diabetes, from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES). Plasma triglyceride values were transformed, and a variance-components technique was used to conduct multipoint linkage analysis. RESULTS—After adjusting for the significant effects of sex and BMI, heritability for plasma triglycerides was estimated as 46 ± 7% (P < 0.0001). Multipoint linkage analysis yielded the strongest evidence for linkage of plasma triglycerides near marker D12S391 on chromosome 12p (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 2.4). Our linkage signal on chromosome 12p provides independent replication of a similar finding in another Mexican-American sample from the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study (SAFDS). Combined multipoint linkage analysis of the VAGES and SAFDS data yielded significant evidence for linkage of plasma triglycerides to a genetic location between markers GATA49D12 and D12S391 on 12p (LOD = 3.8, empirical P value = 2.0 × 10−5). This region on 12p harbors the gene-encoding adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), where we previously have shown that multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations in the SAFDS. In the present study, we provided suggestive evidence in favor of association for rs929434 with triglyceride concentrations in the VAGES. CONCLUSIONS—Collectively, these results provide strong evidence for a major locus on chromosome 12p that influences plasma triglyceride levels in Mexican Americans.
Music Hath Charms … And Can Influence Helpfulness1

Eighty university students, half men and half women, were distributed evenly among 4 conditions in a one-way design. Three of the groups heard a seven-minute-long musical selection, either soothing, stimulating, or aversive in nature, while the remaining subjects were not exposed to any music and sat still. Ratings indicated that the soothing and stimulating music created some- what different positive moods while the aversive music tended to arouse negative feelings. Those who heard the soothing music were most apt to be helpful immediately afterwards, significantly more so than the aversive music or no music subjects, perhaps because of the ideas evoked by this selection.
Comparing 3D finite element formulations modeling scattering from a conducting sphere

Six tetrahedral finite-element varieties are used to model the frequency-domain open-region scattering problem of a ka=2 conducting sphere. A wave-absorbing boundary condition is imposed at kr=3. Linear and quadratic node-based elements display vector parasites, which are less significant in the quadratic element case. Whitney edge elements improve with increasing mesh density, but accuracy is costly due to approximately linear h-convergence. Whitney elements also result in acceptably fast convergence of a biconjugate gradient iterative solver, alone among the elements examined. Novel weighted Whitney elements show some effectiveness and appear free of vector parasites, but are not as cost-effective as Whitney elements. Higher-order tangential elements appear cost-effective, in that accurate solutions may be obtained at low mesh density. >
Ectoparasitic mites (Acari) of sympatric brazilian free-tailed bats and big brown bats in Alabama

Seven species of mites were recovered from 133 Brazilian free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis, and 94 big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, from February through November 1990 in colonies that shared roosting space in east-central Alabama. The macronyssid Chiroptonyssus robustipes (Ewing) was the most common mite on T. brasiliensis (964 mites, 87% of bats infested) and on E. fuscus (109 mites, 29% of bats infested). However, C. rubustipes normally is a specific parasite of T. brasiliensis. The macronyssids Steatonyssus ceratognathus (Ewing) and S. occidentalis (Ewing) were recovered from both species of bats in low numbers. S. ceratognathus is not a typical parasite of either species of bat, but S. occidentalis normally is specific to E. fuscus. Predictably, S. occidentalis was most frequently collected from E. fuscus (16 mites, 9% of bats infested), but two specimens were recovered from T. brasiliensis. Five specimens of the laelapid Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) (a mite that is frequently associated with rodents) and one specimen of the myobiid mite Ewingana (Doreyana) longa (Ewing) (a specific ectoparasite of T. brasiliensis) were also recovered from T. brasiliensis. Singletons of the rosensteiniids Mydopholeus sp. and Nycteriglyphites pennsylvanicus Fain, Lukoschus & Whitaker were the only additional mites collected from E. fuscus; both of these mites have previously been collected from bats or their guano but are recorded here from Alabama for the first time. With respect to ectoparasite cross-infestations, E. fuscus appears to be at greater risk from sharing roots with T. brasiliensis. This is highlighted by the comparatively large numbers of C. robustipes that occurred on E. fuscus and the low numbers of S. occidentalis on T. brasiliensis. Although mites were the only arthropods recovered from bats in this study, a separate survey in 1991 revealed that the bat bug Cimex adjunctus Barber infested some other colonies of T. brasiliensis and E. fuscus in Alabama.
Hume's Wide View of the Virtues: An Analysis of his Early Critics

Etude de la conception vaste des vertus developpee par Hume dans le «Traite de la nature humaine» et dans l'«Enquete sur les principes de la morale», d'une part, et des premieres critiques qui lui ont ete adressees au milieu du XVIII e siecle par F. Hutcheson, J. Balfour, J. Leland et J. Beattie, d'autre part. Distinguant les vertus morales a proprement parler, comme la justice, des simples capacites intellectuelles comme l'assiduite au travail, l'A. etablit trois criteres de differenciation qui concernent le choix, la finalite et la responsabilite a l'egard des unes et des autres.
The Contradictory State of Giorgio Agamben

I argue that Giorgio Agamben employs two, contradictory theories of the state in his works. Earlier works, such as The Coming Community and Means without End, suggest that the state today functions as an aspect of the society of the spectacle where spectacle is the logical extension of the commodity form under late capitalism. This part of Agamben's work attributes a determined character to the state and a determining power to the economic forces of capitalism that conditions particular forms of the state. Later work, such as Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life and State of Exception, are preoccupied with the logic of juridical sovereignty and the increased frequency of states of emergency. This part of Agamben's work attributes a determining strength to the state under current conditions. Although his earlier work provides a more coherent narrative of how it is possible to move from contemporary society to ideal community, it does not provide the theory of political action necessary to overcome the...
Can Universities Encourage Students' Continued Motivation For Knowledge Sharing And How Can This Help Organizations?

Both practitioners and researchers recognize the increasing importance of knowledge sharing in organizations (Bock, Zmud, Kim, & Lee, 2005; Vera-Muz, Ho, & Chow, 2006). Knowledge sharing influences a firms knowledge creation, organizational learning, performance achievement, growth, and competitive advantage (Bartol & Srivastava, 2002; Bock & Kim, 2002; Vera-Muz et al., 2006). However, an individuals natural tendency is to hoard knowledge rather than to share knowledge (Davenport, 1997; Ruggles, 1998). So, how can knowledge sharing be encouraged? Extrinsic rewards are believed to effectively motivate desired behaviors (Bartol & Locke, 2000). Under certain environmental conditions, extrinsic rewards are also believed to develop a more sustained motivation, called self-determined motivation, for these behaviors (Deci & Ryan, 1991). These ideas raise the following questions: (a) Do extrinsic rewards motivate students to share knowledge? and (b) How can universities encourage individuals to develop the self-determined motivation to take part in desired behaviors such as knowledge sharing? This study investigates the effect of extrinsic rewards on knowledge sharing in a team setting. It also examines whether universities can facilitate individuals continued or self-determined motivation to share knowledge using certain environmental conditions. To examine these questions, I perform an experiment with 113 undergraduate students from accounting and management classes who are working on team projects. Results suggest that specifically rewarding knowledge sharing can increase individuals knowledge-sharing behaviors and, in the right environment, their internalization of the motivation to share knowledge.
Targeting CXCL13 During Neuroinflammation

The chemokine, C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), is constitutively expressed in lymphoid organs and controls the recruitment and compartmentalization of lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells within these specialized structures. Recent data, however, also find induction of this molecule during central nervous system (CNS) inflammation under a variety of circumstances. While its role(s) in the pathogenesis of neoplastic, infectious and autoimmune disorders of the CNS remain incompletely understood, several lines of evidence suggest that CXCL13 could become a relevant therapeutic target in at least some of these diseases. This review focuses on how CXCL13 contributes to the pathogenesis of selected CNS disorders involving both experimental animals and humans, paying particular attention to the issue of whether (and if so, how) blockade of this ligand or its receptor might benefit the host. Current blocking strategies largely involve the use of monoclonal antibodies, but an improved understanding of downstream signaling pathways makes small molecule inhibition a future possibility.
Organs of Society: A Plea for Human Rights Accountability for Transnational Enterprises and Other Business Entities

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights assigns individuals, states and "organs of society" the duty to promote and protect human rights. The Nuremberg Tribunals were the first significant international attempt to prosecute grave violations of humanitarian law and human rights - rights that we now presumptively believe will be vindicated and respected by international law. Along with recognizing individuals as holders of international rights, Nuremberg recognized individuals as actors in the international arena that were capable of upholding or violating international law. This recognition is embodied in the Rome statute creating the International Criminal Court (ICC). Just as there are individual and state international crimes against humanity, so to there should international recognition of corporate crimes against humanity, as well as corporate culpability for participation in acts of genocide or war crimes. By exploring, inter alia, United States ATCA jurisprudence, the decisions of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the Former Yugoslavia, as well as existing multilateral treaties on a variety of subjects, this essay makes the case that the growing recognition of corporations as legal persons or juridical persons in domestic and international law supports their inclusion within international criminal law as well. In making this case, the essay traces the nascent seeds of corporate criminal liability for gross violations of human rights in existing international law.
Generation of a Xenopus laevis F1 albino J strain by genome editing and oocyte host-transfer

Completion of the Xenopus laevis genome sequence from inbred J strain animals has facilitated the generation of germline mutant X. laevis using targeted genome editing. In the last few years, numerous reports have demonstrated that TALENs are able to induce mutations in F0 Xenopus embryos, but none has demonstrated germline transmission of such mutations in X. laevis. In this report we used the oocyte host-transfer method to generate mutations in both tyrosinase homeologs and found highly-penetrant germline mutations; in contrast, embryonic injections yielded few germline mutations. We also compared the distribution of mutations in several F0 somatic tissues and germ cells and found that the majority of mutations in each tissue were different. These results establish that X. laevis J strain animals are very useful for generating germline mutations and that the oocyte host-transfer method is an efficient technique for generating mutations in both homeologs.
CREATIVE CAPABILITIES OF LEARNING-DISABLED AND NORMAL STUDENTS

The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Figural Form A) and Sounds and Images were administered to 26 learning-disabled and 30 average students in Grades 3, 4, and 5. Significant differences between the two groups were noted on all measures except fluency. Although learning-disabled students produced an equivalent number of relevant creative responses in comparison to their average peers, they were less able to generate new ideas and change their initial approach.
Multi-Channel, Light Reflectance Spectroscopy for Fast Detection of Hemodynamic Changes on the Spinal Cord and the Brain Induced by Electrical Stimulations in Rats

Multi-channel, light reflectance spectroscopy with thin needle probes is developed for fast detection of neuro-hemodynamic changes induced by electrical stimulations in rats, revealing hemo-neuro pathways and information processing between the spinal cord and the brain.
Statistical Profile of Hermite–Gaussian Beam in the Presence of Residual Spatial Jitter in FSO Communications

In this letter, the statistics of the beam profile of a free-space optical (FSO) system is studied when the optical beam possesses a Hermite–Gaussian profile and the beam is subject to random pointing jitter. In particular, it is assumed that the received signal is impaired by the residual pointing error cause by the spatial tracking loop responsible for tracking the atmospheric beam wander and platform sway. The residual pointing jitter is assumed to have a Gaussian probability density function (pdf) with independent components in the two dimensions of the detector. The mean and variance of the beam profile along with the impact of spatial error on the signal-to-noise (SNR) loss and channel cross-talk are obtained assuming that the pointing jitter has a variance that is substantially smaller than the beam waist.
On College English Teaching by Interactive Language Teaching Model

Interactive language teaching differs from the traditional teaching model,in which teachers can play a leading role in teaching languages.More importantly,it will enable students to become the center of teaching and learning activities,and stimulate students' motivation and autonomy to enhance the learning efficiency,helping students to develop the sense of innovation and team spirits.
Index for surface coherence (ISC): a method for calculating change susceptibility

Coherent change detection (CCD) provides a way for analysts and detectors to find ephemeral features that would otherwise be invisible in traditional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. However, CCD can produce false alarms in regions of the image that have low SNR and high vegetation areas. The method proposed looks to eliminate these false alarm regions by creating a mask which can then be applied to change products. This is done by utilizing both the magnitude and coherence feature statistics of a scene. For each feature, the image is segmented into groups of similar pixels called superpixels. The method then utilizes a training phase to model each terrain that the user deems as capable of supporting change and statistically comparing superpixels in the image to the modeled terrain types. Finally, the method combines the features using probabilistic fusion to create a mask that a user can threshold and apply to a change product for human analysis or automatic feature detectors.
Analysis of detection results of urine iodine in the key population in Guang′an during 2007-2010

Objective:To understand the urine iodine levels in the key population in Guang′an,accurately assess their iodine nutritional status and guide the people to supplement iodine scientifically.Methods: In the counties,townships and villages,the urine samples were randomly selected from pregnant women,lactating women,0 to 12-months infants,8 to 10-year-old students according to the method of the WS /T 107-2006 for urine iodine test.Results: The iodine nutritional status for Guang′an residents was significantly improved,achieveing the goal of the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.Conclusion: The urinary iodine median value was higher in key population of Guang′an,which will lead to excess iodine nutrition concerns.The government should adjust the content of iodine in edible salt to avoid the hazards of various diseases due to excess iodine intake.
Endogenous TNFalpha mediates cell survival and chemotherapy resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

Endogenous TNF α mediates cell survival and chemotherapy resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
The Historical Experience

‘Here I sit and govern it with my pen: I write and it is done: and by a clerk of the council I govern Scotland now, which others could not do by the sword.’1 Such may be thought the British ideal of imperial government — trouble-free; economical, with a clerk of the council sufficing as the agent of imperial authority; and pacific. But while King James I of England and VI of Scotland could boast in these words of having achieved it in his northern kingdom, no nineteenth-century British statesman, plagued by the ‘small wars of empire’ and their expense, could even aspire to so happy a state. By then the Empire was too large, too variously composed and too expensive to allow of the direct, economical exercise of authority or of a reasonable prospect of general peace. On the contrary by Victorian times its administration had come to be popularly, and not unreasonably, associated with troubles, expense and wars. That association meant that the argument of Empire was rarely stilled. But by 1870 one outcome of the argument at least was clear. It was, as Lord John Russell contended in the sentences reprinted on the title page of this book, that there could be no going back. ‘Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento.’*
Performance Evaluation of Darshan 3.0.0 on the Cray XC30

Abstract—Darshan is a lightweight I/O characterization tool used to gather and summarize salient I/O workload statistics from HPC applications. Darshan was designed to minimize any possible perturbations of an application’s performance, leading it to be enabled by default on a number of production HPC systems. For each file accessed by a given application, Darshan records the count and types of I/O operations performed, histograms of access sizes, cumulative timers on the amount of time spent doing I/O, and other statistical data. This type of data has proved invaluable in understanding and improving the I/O performance of HPC applications. Darshan 3.0.0 is the new modularized version of the traditional Darshan library and file format, allowing users to easily add more in-depth I/O characterization data to Darshan logs. In this work we perform an empirical evaluation of Darshan 3.0.0 to ensure that it continues to meet performance expectations for broad deployment. In particular, we evaluate the imposed overhead on instrumented I/O operations, time taken to shut down and generate corresponding Darshan log files, and resultant log file sizes for different workloads. These performance results are compared to results of Darshan 2.3.0 on the Edison XC30 system at NERSC to determine whether themore » new version is lightweight enough to run full-time on production HPC systems. Our evaluation shows that Darshan has limited impact on application I/O performance and can fully generate a corresponding log file for most application workloads in under two seconds.« less
Discovery of the aryl heterocyclic amine insecticides: synthesis, insecticidal activity, field results, mode of action and bioavailability of a leading field candidate.

BACKGROUND γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) antagonists are proven targets for control of lepidopteran and other pests. New heterocyclic compounds with high insecticidal activity were discovered using a competitive-intelligence-inspired scaffold-hopping approach to generate analogs of fipronil, a known GABA antagonist. These novel aryl heterocyclic amines (AHAs) displayed broad-spectrum activity on a number of chewing insect pests. RESULTS Through >370 modifications of the core AHA structure, a 7-pyrazolopyridine lead molecule was found to exhibit much improved activity on a number of insect pests. In field trial studies, its performance was 2–4 times lower than commercial standards and also appeared to be species dependent, with good activity seen for larvae of Spodoptera exigua, but inactivity on larvae of Trichoplusia ni. CONCLUSION An extensive investigational biology effort demonstrated that these AHA analogs appear to have multiple modes of action, including GABA receptor antagonism and mitopotential or uncoupler activity. The limited capability in larvae of T. ni to convert the lead molecule to its associated open form correlates with the low toxicity of the lead molecule in this species. This work has provided information that could aid investigations of novel GABA antagonists. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
First Febrile Seizure Characteristics

Clinical characteristics of 910 first febrile seizures in children aged 8 to 34 months, evaluated by telephone interview of parents, are reported from the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Superfluidity in Helium Clusters

Publisher Summary Theoretical and experimental investigations of clusters have been an active and growing area of research for the past several years. Yet, much of current understanding of the structure, dynamics, and energetics of clusters is based on essentially classical clusters. This means that although quantum mechanics is important in the description of their electronic structure, it does not play a role in the statistical behavior of the atoms or, rather, the nuclei themselves. However, when the atoms in the cluster are light, such as H or helium (He), quantum mechanics plays a significantly different role. It is, thus, important to study quantum clusters to understand what role quantum statistical effects may play in clusters and how the uniquely quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity and superfluidity, are modified in finite systems. This chapter discusses clusters of He, which obey Bose statistics. It presents theoretical evidence for the existence of superfluid helium clusters at experimentally accessible temperatures. Large clusters of several hundred atoms appear to undergo a transition to a superfluid state strongly resembling that of bulk liquid helium. Experimental detection of such a superfluid state remains an outstanding problem. Theoretically, it remains to be investigated whether small clusters with N < 20 will be superfluid in any sense at any temperature and what atomic motions are responsible for the superfluid dynamics. Theoretical efforts are also necessary to determine the best possible experimental means of detecting superfluid behavior in these extremely weakly bound clusters.
Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Ribosome Biogenesis as a Target of Alcohol Teratogenicity and Vulnerability during Early Embryogenesis

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability. Individuals with FASD may exhibit a characteristic facial appearance that has diagnostic utility. The mechanism by which alcohol disrupts craniofacial development is incompletely understood, as are the genetic factors that can modify individual alcohol vulnerability. Using an established avian model, we characterized the cranial transcriptome in response to alcohol to inform the mechanism underlying these cells’ vulnerability. Gallus gallus embryos having 3–6 somites were exposed to 52 mM alcohol and the cranial transcriptomes were sequenced thereafter. A total of 3422 genes had significantly differential expression. The KEGG pathways with the greatest enrichment of differentially expressed gene clusters were Ribosome (P = 1.2 x 10−17, 67 genes), Oxidative Phosphorylation (P = 4.8 x 10−12, 60 genes), RNA Polymerase (P = 2.2 x 10−3, 15 genes) and Spliceosome (P = 2.6 x 10−2, 39 genes). The preponderance of transcripts in these pathways were repressed in response to alcohol. These same gene clusters also had the greatest altered representation in our previous comparison of neural crest populations having differential vulnerability to alcohol-induced apoptosis. Comparison of differentially expressed genes in alcohol-exposed (3422) and untreated, alcohol-vulnerable (1201) transcriptomes identified 525 overlapping genes of which 257 have the same direction of transcriptional change. These included 36 ribosomal, 25 oxidative phosphorylation and 7 spliceosome genes. Using a functional approach in zebrafish, partial knockdown of ribosomal proteins zrpl11, zrpl5a, and zrps3a individually heightened vulnerability to alcohol-induced craniofacial deficits and increased apoptosis. In humans, haploinsufficiency of several of the identified ribosomal proteins are causative in craniofacial dysmorphologies such as Treacher Collins Syndrome and Diamond-Blackfan Anemia. This work suggests ribosome biogenesis may be a novel target mediating alcohol’s damage to developing neural crest. Our findings are consistent with observations that gene-environment interactions contribute to vulnerability in FASD.
Is Common Core “Working”? And Where Does Common Core Research Go From Here?

Five years into the Common Core initiative, researchers and the general public are interested to know whether and how the standards are “working.” In this introduction to the special topic, I discu...
El mundo lazarillesco de los procesos de pesquisas: muestras del archivo catedralicio de Oviedo

Much recent criticism of the Lazarillo has focused on the work’s use of an irony that obliges readers to evaluate for themselves the reliability of the narrator. One class of writing that has been suggested as a possible model in this regard are the accounts written by clergymen in their own defense when under investigation. Critics had commented on the abundance of such documents in the cathedral archives at Oviedo. A sampling of that wealth of firstperson narratives finds no parallels to the implied letter calling for Lazarillo to justify his reported misbehavior, but the strategies of concealment and selfjustification, as well as the specific offenses that are presented in the novel, are both practically ubiquitous and may have contributed to the tone of the picaresque genre.
Structure-Aware Linear Solver for Realtime Convex Optimization for Embedded Systems

With the increasing sophistication in the use of optimization algorithms such as deep learning on embedded systems, the convex optimization solvers on embedded systems have found widespread use. This letter presents a novel linear solver technique to reduce the run-time of convex optimization solver by using the property that some parameters are fixed during the solution iterations of a solve instance. Our experimental results show that the run-time can be reduced by two orders of magnitude.
Exploring built environment correlates of walking distance of transit egress in the Twin Cities

Abstract Most studies on walking distance to transit stops either emphasize transit access or do not distinguish transit access and egress. Furthermore, environmental correlates of walking distance may differ by stop location. Using the 2010 Transit Onboard Survey in the Minneapolis and St. Paul Metropolitan Area, this study develops four models to compare the effects of the built environment around transit stops on walking distance of transit egress. Job density is negatively correlated with walking distance, consistent in all four models. Other built environment variables exhibit different impacts by stop location. Particularly, land use mix has positive impacts on walking distance for stops outside of downtown and suburban employment centers whereas job density is more important for suburban centers. Job accessibility and the number of intersections have significant effects on stops within downtown areas but have no significant impacts on stops outside of downtown areas. The number of transit stops has opposite impacts on walking distance for stops within and outside of downtown. Moreover, the built environment tends to have a larger impact on walking distance in downtown areas than non-downtown areas. We then discuss the implications for stop area land use planning and transit stop location choice.
Multifactorial examination of sex-differences in head injuries and concussions among collegiate soccer players: NCAA ISS, 2004–2009

While head injuries and concussions are major concerns among soccer players, the multifactorial nature of head injury observations in this group remains relatively undefined. We aim to extend previous analyses and examine sex-differences in the incidence of head injuries, odds of head injuries within an injured sample, and severity of head injuries, among collegiate soccer players between 2004 and 2009. Data collected within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) between the years of 2004 and 2009, were analyzed in this study. Unadjusted rate ratios (RR), compared incidence rates between categories of sex, injury mechanism, setting and competition level. We also examined sex-differences in head injury incidence rates, across categories of the other covariates. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression modeling tested the relation between sex and head injury corollaries, while controlling for contact, setting, and competition level. Between 2004 and 2009, head injuries accounted for approximately 11% of all soccer-related injuries reported within the NCAA-ISS. The rate of head injuries among women was higher than among men (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = [1.08, 1.41]). The rate of head injuries due to player-to-player contact was comparable between women and men (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = [0.81, 1.11]). Whereas, the rate of injury due to contact with apparatus (ball/goal) was nearly 2.5 times higher (RR = 2.46, 95% CI = [1.76, 3.44]) and the rate due to contact with a playing surface was over two times higher (RR = 2.29, 95% CI = [1.34, 3.91]) in women than in men. In our multifactorial models, we also observed that the association between sex and head injury corollaries varied by injury mechanism. Sex-differences in the incidence, odds (given an injury), and severity (concussion diagnosis, time-loss) of head injuries varied by injury mechanism (player-to-player contact vs. all other mechanisms) in this sample.
Comment on “50 Years of Data Science”

Professor Donoho's commentary comes at a perfect time, given that, according to his own chronology, we are just about due for another push to “widen the tent” of statistics to include a broader arr...
Police Torture in Chicago: Theorizing Violence and Social Justice in a Racialized City

Harvey's Social Justice and the City was published just as a major case of social injustice was unfolding on Chicago's South Side. Starting in the early 1970s and continuing for almost twenty years...
Cranial measures and ancient DNA both show greater similarity of Neandertals to recent modern Eurasians than to recent modern sub-Saharan Africans.

OBJECTIVES Ancient DNA analysis has shown that present-day humans of Eurasian ancestry are more similar to Neandertals than are present-day humans of sub-Saharan African ancestry, reflecting interbreeding after modern humans first left Africa. We use craniometric data to test the hypothesis that the crania of recent modern humans show the same pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS We computed Mahalanobis squared distances between a published Neandertal centroid based on 37 craniometric traits and each of 2,413 recent modern humans from the Howells global data set (N = 373 sub-Saharan Africans, N = 2,040 individuals of Eurasian descent). RESULTS The average distance to the Neandertal centroid is significantly lower for Eurasian crania than for sub-Saharan African crania as expected from the findings of ancient DNA (p < 0.001). This result holds when examining distances for separate geographic regions of humans of Eurasian descent (Europeans, Asians, Australasians, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders). Most of these results are also seen when examining distances partitioning size and shape variation. DISCUSSION Our results show that the genetic difference in Neandertal ancestry seen in the DNA of present-day sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians is also found in patterns of recent modern human craniometric variation.
Five Morale-Enhancing Innovations for Human Services Settings:

Five innovative programs that have raised morale in various work settings are proposed as possible management responses to burnout among human services employees. The author discusses the advantage...
Sputtering performance of a pumped limiter for an ignition tokamak

The sputtering performance of a pumped limiter for a near-term ignition tokamak was analyzed using the REDEP computer code. Erosion, redeposition, surface shape and heat flux changes with time, and plasma contamination issues were examined. A carbon-coated limiter was found to give acceptable sputtering performance over a typical device lifetime if, and only if, acceptable redeposition properties of carbon are obtained. Beryllium is a good backup material in the event carbon is not acceptable.
Infinite Dimensional Formulations of Some Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models

Traffic assignment models attempt to determine the usage of each route and/or link in a transportation network, given information about the number of trips being taken between various locations, the characteristics of the network, and the characteristics of the vehicles on the network. Though the term “assignment” seems to connote a prescriptive process in which vehicles are assigned to particular routes, there are both descriptive/positive and prescriptive/normative traffic assignment models.
Parenteral Nutrition in Critical Illness

In many patients with critical illness the standard approach to parenteral alimentation is not possible, for the limits of water, sugar and electrolyte tolerance are dependent on the underlying condition. Furthermore, the growth process in an unstressed infant allows incorporation of potassium, phosphate, water and nitrogen into newly formed cells so that smaller solute and water loads are presented for excretion. It is unreasonable to expect average anabolic requirement to apply in critical illness where growth is not occurring.
Crop spatiotemporal dominance is a better predictor of pest and predator abundance than traditional partial approaches

Abstract Landscape-scale agricultural intensification can concentrate pest resources (high host density) and impede natural enemy populations through a reduction in non-crop resources or disturbance events. Current approaches examine the impacts of crop dominance on pest pressure through a simple lens, either spatially (i.e. landscape complexity), or temporally (i.e. diversity of crop rotation schedules). However, these partial approaches are inadequate because they do not take into account the impact of multiple years of non-rotation, or the impacts of the surrounding landscape, respectively. In this study, we use a unique method that allows land use in both space and time to be quantified simultaneously with a single metric, “spatiotemporal dominance”. We examined the impact of spatiotemporal dominance of sweet corn on populations of a key insect pest, Ostrinia nubilalis, and its potential predators. Additionally, we evaluated site-specific variables such as crop rotation, percent agriculture in the landscape, cover crop use, and frequency of insecticide applications, to determine their relative importance in predicting pest pressure, alongside our metric of spatiotemporal crop dominance in the landscape. Ostrinia nubilalis adult abundance was positively associated with spatiotemporal dominance of sweet corn in the landscape (space and time) and high proportional agricultural land use (space), but was unrelated to the previous year’s crop (time). Predatory soldier beetle abundance was negatively associated with sweet corn spatiotemporal dominance (space and time), but not associated with the previous year’s crop (time) nor percent agricultural land use (space). Our contrasting results between the new spatiotemporal dominance metric and either crop rotation history or percent agricultural land use or both emphasized that the new method predicts impacts of agricultural intensification on arthropods that were not captured by traditional techniques. In general, pest populations were more abundant in areas with high host dominance, whereas certain predators were less abundant when high disturbance management practices were used (e.g. no cover crop, high insecticide use). Therefore, quantifying spatiotemporal crop dominance refines and strengthens our ability to implicate intense agricultural land use in creating high pest pressure situations through simultaneous bottom-up and top-down effects.
Using summary videos in online classes for nursing students: A mixed methods study

Online courses need strategies to engage students, especially after a learning module is over. We made a series of summary videos for students' assignments and investigated their impact on students' learning. This study investigated whether, from the students' perspective, summary videos made by teachers for each learning module in asynchronized online courses led to students' engagement and feeling of being helped. We used exploratory sequential mixed methods research design, which started with a qualitative phase. After collecting students' feedback from an open-ended question administered to 47 nursing students from 3 online courses, we conducted qualitative data analysis. The analysis identified 2 themes: engagement and helpfulness. We used these themes to find 2 validated surveys from the literature to quantitatively measure students' engagement levels and perceived helpfulness of the summary videos. In the quantitative phase, we surveyed 78 nursing students from 4 online courses 3 times. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in students' perceived engagement level among the 3 time points, and that students did not believe the helpful impact of the summary videos on their learning increased significantly. In the mixed methods phase, we compared and contrasted the teaching strategies, quotes from the qualitative strand, and results from the statistical analyses of survey data. The results indicated that the summary videos were helpful in facilitating students' achievement of learning new knowledge and reinforcing previous knowledge; engaging students cognitively, emotionally, and socially; and motivating students intrinsically. However, the videos did not help with students' behavioral engagement and did not help students have a fun learning experience. We concluded that the teaching presence in the summary videos created the positive and supportive learning environment necessary for giving students the opportunity to engage with learning contents.
Femicide and Snuff

Chapter 4 examines “snuff literature” (Paul Virilio) or novels that fantasize killing women and recording their deaths photographically or on video. It contrasts Roberto Bolano’s monumental 2666 (2004) with novels that exploit the topics of femicide and snuff for cruel pleasure: Federico Andahazi’s El libro de los placeres prohibidos (2012), Andreu Martin’s Por amor al arte (1982), Rolo Diez’s Mato y voy (1992), Javier Valdes’s Asesino en serio (2000) and Juan Hernandez Luna’s Cadaver de ciudad (2006). A coda addresses the treatment of snuff in novels inspired by the same Ciudad Juarez femicides cataloged in 2666. These include feminist texts by Maude Tabachnik and Alicia Gaspar de Alba, as well as sensational, misogynistic and necropornographic ones by Gonzalo Martre, Gregorio Leon and Ricardo Clark.
Perioperative thrombocytopenia: evidence, evaluation, and emerging therapies

Abstract Thrombocytopenia is a common perioperative clinical problem. While global haemostasis is influenced by many patient- and procedure-related factors, the contribution of thrombocytopenia to bleeding risk is difficult to predict, as platelet count does not linearly correlate with likelihood of bleeding. Thus, the widely used definition of thrombocytopenia and grading of its severity have limited clinical utility. We present a summary and analysis of the current recommendations for invasive procedures in thrombocytopenic patients, although the platelet count at which any given procedure may safely proceed is unknown. The benefits and risks of preoperative platelet transfusions should be assessed on a patient-by-patient basis, and alternatives to platelet transfusion should be considered. In non-emergent surgeries or in postoperative thrombocytopenic patients, haematology consultation should be considered to guide diagnostics and management. We present a pragmatic approach to the evaluation of perioperative thrombocytopenia.
Bigger is Better: A VR Penguin Rehabilitation Simulation to Study Animal Conservation Behaviors

Humans are thought to favor conservation of large rather than small animals. However, this “size matters” bias has yet to be empirically validated. If this bias exists, traditional experimental methods cannot examine how human-animal interactions may offset this bias because public access to threatened species is limited. To address these issues, this paper presents a virtual reality (VR) simulation where users assume the role of a volunteer in-training sent to rehabilitate Antarctic penguin species caught in an ecological disaster. The objective of this simulation is to serve as a novel tool for (a) empirical testing of the “size matters” bias, (b) exploration of how human-animal interactions in VR can offset this bias, and (c) measuring conservation outcomes using VR.
Long-term dental and skeletal effects of mandibular advancement devices in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea: A systematic review.

Summary Objective This systematic review aimed to clarify whether there are any significant long-term sequelae to wearing mandibular advancement devices focusing on dental and skeletal effects in adults with OSA. Materials and methods Databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SAGE Journals. Hand searches and grey literature were also used. A piloted data collection form was used to extract the appropriate data. Results Twenty-three reports of 19 studies were included. Five had serious risk of bias while 18 had moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed a significant change in overbite and overjet. I-squared analysis showed a high level of statistical heterogeneity. A moderate correlation was found between wear time and amount of change. Conclusion Mandibular advancement devices will cause a small but statistically significant change in the dentition of long-term wearers. Skeletal changes are generally secondary to dental changes.
Parodying Heritage Tourism

This chapter provides a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of three parodic travel guide books about countries that do not exist but are readily recognizable. Analysis of the fictitious Jetlag travel guides reveals that their humor is based on widespread stereotypes, irreverence toward the culture of others, and an attitude of placing these peoples and places out of time/modernity. Nonparodic guidebooks are compared to these parodic ones revealing that serious, nonfiction guidebooks have their own heritage tourism discourse.
Geriatric assessment and treatment outcomes in older adults with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Abstract Objectives Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but outcomes in older adults are not well defined. We evaluated the associations of geriatric assessment (GA) domains with treatment-related outcomes in older adults with solid tumors receiving ICIs. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective study of patients age ≥65 years diagnosed with solid tumors who received ICIs and were evaluated with a GA from January 2011 to April 2017. Using Wilcoxon rank sum test, we examined the associations of GA domains and treatment-related outcomes, including the number of ICI cycles received, best response, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and hospitalizations during ICI treatment. Results We identified 28 patients (median age at ICI treatment = 78 years, range 66–93); 60% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of ≥2; 39% had lung cancer; 89% had stage IV cancer; and 50% received pembrolizumab. Seventy-five percent had at least one GA domain impairment. Patients with any instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) impairment received fewer cycles of ICI (median: 2.0 vs. 7.0 cycles, p = 0.02). In this small sample, neither age nor GA domain measures were associated with best response, irAEs, or hospitalization during ICI treatment. Conclusions Older adults treated with ICIs had a high prevalence of impairments in GA domains, and IADL impairments were associated with shorter duration of ICI treatment. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the role of the GA further in this vulnerable patient population in the immunotherapy era.