cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic Neurons Regulate Aging and Longevity in Flies

Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) modulate essential brain functions involving memory formation, reward processing, and decision making. Here, I demonstrate a novel and important function of the DANs in regulating aging and longevity. Overexpressing a putative scaffolding protein Mask in two distinct groups of DANs can significantly extend lifespan in flies. Dopamine transmission is required to elicit beneficial effects, but elevating dopamine production or supplementation of L-dopa is not sufficient to yield similar effects on longevity. The lifespan extension induced by Mask-overexpressing is accompanied by sustained adult locomotor and fecundity in the long-lived flies; and other physiological functions in the adult flies include food intake and insulin production in the brain are not consistently altered by overexpressing Mask in either group of DANs. Recent work demonstrated a novel cellular function of Mask in promoting microtubule (MT) dynamics. Overexpressing Unc-104 or moderately reducing p150Glued level, interventions that can induce MTs dynamics, in the same groups of DANs also extend lifespan in flies. Altogether, these data unraveled an undocumented DANs-dependent mechanism that regulates systemic aging and longevity in flies, alterations of the cellular properties in subsets of DANs can have a profound impact on aging.
Sequencing 16S rRNA gene fragments using the PacBio SMRT DNA sequencing system

Over the past 10 years, microbial ecologists have largely abandoned sequencing 16S rRNA genes by the Sanger sequencing method and have instead adopted highly parallelized sequencing platforms. These new platforms, such as 454 and Illumina's MiSeq, have allowed researchers to obtain millions of high quality but short sequences. The result of the added sequencing depth has been significant improvements in experimental design. The tradeoff has been the decline in the number of full-length reference sequences that are deposited into databases. To overcome this problem, we tested the ability of the PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) DNA sequencing platform to generate sequence reads from the 16S rRNA gene. We generated sequencing data from the V4, V3-V5, V1-V3, V1-V5, V1-V6, and V1-V9 variable regions from within the 16S rRNA gene using DNA from a synthetic mock community and natural samples collected from human feces, mouse feces, and soil. The mock community allowed us to assess the actual sequencing error rate and how that error rate changed when different curation methods were applied. We developed a simple method based on sequence characteristics and quality scores to reduce the observed error rate for the V1-V9 region from 0.69 to 0.027%. This error rate is comparable to what has been observed for the shorter reads generated by 454 and Illumina's MiSeq sequencing platforms. Although the per base sequencing cost is still significantly more than that of MiSeq, the prospect of supplementing reference databases with full-length sequences from organisms below the limit of detection from the Sanger approach is exciting.
Stream 3A: Scalar Calculus

Stream 3 is \(\infty \), a concept that typically means unbounded (immeasurably large), but in the case of calculus, \(\infty \) means infinitesimal (immeasurably small), since taking a limit requires small numbers.
Demonstration of a kilowatt average power, 1 J, green laser

A λ=515nm laser generating joule-level pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate was demonstrated by frequency doubling 1.2 J, 2 ns temporally shaped square pulses from a cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser in an LBO crystal. A doubling efficiency of 78% resulted in 0.94 J second-harmonic pulses at 1 kHz. The unconverted light interacted with a second LBO crystal to generate >100mJ second-harmonic pulses to reach a total green average power of 1.04 kW. A conversion efficiency of 89% was achieved for 0.58 J green pulses at 1 kHz. These results open the possibility to pump high energy femtosecond lasers at kilohertz repetition rates.
Magnetic sensors and geometrical magnetoresistance: A review

Magnetic sensing devices are of the extremely significant kind of detectors, that are used several important and useful applications. Geometrical extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) is the geometrical kind of magnetoresistance associated with the non-magnetic semiconductor-metal hybrid structure and influenced by geometrical shape. As a result of Lorentz force, the current path change from metal (in absence of magnetic field) to semiconductor (under the subjection of the magnetic field) in semiconductor-metal hybrid structure is the key of EMR phenomena, i.e. once the metal is placed in a semiconductor, it works as a short circuit with the majority of applied current moving through metallic inhomogeneity and the almost whole resistance of semiconductor-metal hybrid structure drops to value smaller than that of homogeneous semiconductor in absence of magnetic field, in other hands, applying of magnetic field alters the current route to be around the metallic inhomogeneity where it works as an open circuit and the whole resistance turns into a quite high magnitude relies on the geometrical form of a device. The variables govern these phenomena are metal and semiconductor conductivity, semiconductor charge carriers mobility, and device geometry. Within this review, EMR phenomena history, variables governed it, materials, and applications of EMR devices are overviewed.
Bridging the Gap between Sexual Health Education and Clinical Services: Adolescent Perspectives and Recommendations

BACKGROUND Adolescents often lack access to accurate and appropriate sexual health information and services. Providing information about local clinical services during sexual health education classes is one strategy to increase awareness, yet many programs miss this opportunity. This study aims to learn about adolescents' experiences with sexual health education and their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to clinical care. METHODS Nine focus groups were conducted between April to July 2018 with 69 adolescents who had recently attended a comprehensive sexual health education program in California. Topics included information received about local clinics during class and barriers and facilitators to access care. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed for key themes and compared by sex and geographic location. RESULTS The majority of participants (89%) were Latino and most reported receiving relevant information about clinical services and had positive impressions of local services. Several mentioned that this information increased the likelihood that they would access services if needed. Common barriers to clinic services included parental disapproval, stigma, embarrassment, and confidentiality concerns. Facilitators included peer and family support, confidentiality of services, awareness and education, and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS Sexual health education programs can provide an important bridge to local clinic services and address adolescents' concerns.
Stress Distribution Analysis for Linear Viscoelastic Materials

The formulation of the differential or integro-differential equations governing the quasi-static stress analysis problem for linear viscoelastic bodies is considered, with particular reference to the initial conditions associated with sudden loading. If classical methods of solving the differential equations, such as the Laplace transform or integrating factor, are used, the need to evaluate the initial conditions after load application at t = 0+ presents difficulties. These can be avoided by working with the lower limit t = 0-, before load application, when the body is still undisturbed, and, in the case of direct integration of the equations, delta functions and their derivatives must then be incorporated into the analysis. Examples of both methods of approach are contrasted. The stress distribution in a spinning hollow circular cylinder with annihilating inner cavity is evaluated as an example which does not fall within the scope of the Laplace transform method of analysis. The procedures are justified through the application of the corresponding integral operators.
The Trajectory of Current and Future Knowledge Market Research: Insights from the First KredibleNet Workshop

To this point, no collaborative research environment has been remotely effective at allowing scholars interested in researching trust, authority, authorship, and roles on social media knowledge markets to seamlessly transition between engaging other researchers, uploading and analyzing data, and reporting findings for the world to observe. Theories that continue, rather than ignore, social and mass media theory, are yet to be developed. In our increasingly global society, with its growing emphasis on collaborative work, this is a critical gap in the research process. This chapter proposes a carefully designed approach and framework that would more actively listen to the needs of the research community in order to offer the perspective, resources, and tools that would best allow them to address the most important research problems of today and of tomorrow in the fields of authorship, roles, and credibility. Based upon present and future research needs expressed by a panel of leading researchers attending the KredibleNet workshop at Purdue University in April 2014, the authors propose the development of a new approach that problematizes the lack of theoretical coherence of current work, that advocates for strong multidisciplinary collaboration, for funding of nonintuitive research agendas and for the development of collaborative platforms that would support scholars at all stages of the scholarly process.
Purchasing behaviors of individuals who shop at corner stores (1019.6)

Background. The Jackson County MO Healthy Corner Store Initiative is designed to work with small retail establishments to increase healthy food availability where residents have limited access to f...
Spring frost risk in a changing climate

[1] While both the mean and variance of daily temperature are forecasted to increase in future climate scenarios, studies of spring frost risk to vegetation have relied on changes in mean temperature to understand frost risk in these scenarios. We present a probabilistic model of spring frost risk based on the stochastic-crossing properties of a coupled temperature-phenology model in which the mean, variance, and autocorrelation structure of spring temperature may be controlled through independent parameters. The model results show that frost risk to vegetation is as sensitive to increases in daily temperature variance (which increases frost risk) as to increases in the mean temperature (which decreases frost risk).
Fourier Series in Several Variables with Applications to Partial Differential Equations

Summability of Multiple Fourier Series Introduction Iterated Fejer Summability of Fourier Series Bochner-Riesz Summability of Fourier Series Abel Summability of Fourier Series Gauss-Weierstrass Summability of Fourier Series Further Results and Comments Conjugate Multiple Fourier Series Introduction Abel Summability of Conjugate Series Spherical Convergence of Conjugate Series The Calpha-Condition An Application of the Calpha-Condition An Application of the Lp-Condition Further Results and Comments Uniqueness of Multiple Trigonometric Series Uniqueness for Abel Summability Uniqueness for Circular Convergence Uniqueness, Number Theory, and Fractals Further Results and Comments Positive Definite Functions Positive Definite Functions on SN-l Positive Definite Functions on TN Positive Definite Functions on SN1-l x TN Further Results and Comments Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Reaction-Diffusion Equations on the N-Torus Quasilinear Ellipticity on the N-Torus Further Results and Comments The Stationary Navier-Stokes Equations Distribution Solutions Classical Solutions Further Results and Comments Appendix A: Integrals and Identities Appendix B: Real Analysis Appendix C: Harmonic and Subharmonic Functions Bibliography Index
Program Director Perceived Factors for an Enhanced Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics Recall System

Purpose: A survey study of program directors in Advanced Education Programs in Prosthodontics (AEPPs) was conducted to determine the barriers to and factors that can lead to an enhanced patient-centered recall system. Material and Methods: Surveys were sent to AEPP directors across the United States to assess their program's recall protocol. This survey first identified whether an active recall program existed. Based on the existence of recall, the survey then delved into benefits of recall systems for patients and residents, barriers to the formation of a successful recall system, and factors that can be improved upon for an enhanced recall system. Results: Thirty-two of the 45 programs responded; however, only 28 of the surveys were completed entirely, giving a response rate of 62%. Of these 32 programs, 19 (59.4%) reported having a recall system. A majority of the AEPPs with recall (87.5%) indicated that their system can be further improved. Almost all of the programs without recall (91.7%) indicated that if solutions to the most common barriers to recall were found, they would like to implement one within their program. Some hindrances faced by all programs included budget for initiating and maintaining a recall system, personnel to perform hygiene, a patient tracking system, patient education, and time allocation in the residents’ curriculum. Mann-Whitney analyses indicated no statistically significant difference in each factor between programs with and without a recall system. Power analysis suggested that differences in perceived barriers between programs with and without recall systems may have been found if the response rate was 71% or greater. Necessary budget and facilities for initiating or maintaining a recall system may be the greatest difference in barrier importance between programs with and without recall. Conclusions: Prosthodontic program directors perceived their program's recall system could be improved. If solutions to the most common hindrances were found, almost all program directors desired to establish a recall system within their AEPP. Therefore, a pilot recall system could be valuable in identifying these solutions in establishing an effective recall system for prosthodontic programs within the context of patient health promotion, program curriculum, and financial ramifications.
Comparison of Modal Test Methods on the Voyager Payload

A comparison of the performance of modern modal data analysis methods on test data from the Voyager Jupiter/Saturn payload is presented. Four different test/data-analysis combinations are compared - multiple-point sine excitation tests, single-point random-excitation tests using two different techniques of manipulating Fourier transform data, and a time-domain method for analyzing random data. Results indicate that all four methods can give comparable results. Of the four, the time-domain approach detects more modes in the test data and, at the same time, shows the greatest promise for reducing the time and cost of modal testing.
Household Taxation and Income Distribution

The paper uses household budget survey data for income, expenditure, and taxes to analyze how taxes affect household income, and to address questions regarding the burden of taxation and the progressivity of the income tax. The paper provides answers to questions such as these: Does the tax system contribute to achieving greater equality, and, if so, to what extent? And how do effective tax rates vary across rural and urban groups and various household income groups? The analysis is generalizable to other types of taxes with important household effects such as a farm tax, housing tax and a motor vehicle tax.
Cytogenetics of Notch Mutations Arising in the Unstable X Chromosome Uc of Drosophila melanogaster

A derivative of the unstable X chromosome, Uc, isolated in 1978 is still unstable and exhibits most of the genetic properties characteristic of the original Uc. This derivative, Df(1)cm-In, contains an inversion of the genes between bands 6F1-2 and 3D3-5 and a lethal deficiency between 6D5-7 and 6F1-2. This chromosome generated Notch mutations at a rate of 3.47 +/- 0.32% during seven consecutive generations. Cytological analysis of 50 Notch mutations of independent origin in the Df(1)cm-In chromosome showed that all of the 50 had an apparently identical deletion involving the region between 3D3-5 and 3C7-8 of the X chromosome. The results of in situ hybridization indicated that the extent of deletion in all of the 20 Notch deficiencies sampled from the 50 mentioned above involves about 10 kb of the sequences from the 3' end of the Notch locus. In addition to hypermutability and the accumulation of site-specific chromosome breaks, the Df(1)cm-In chromosome reinverts its inversion to the normal sequence and exhibits use of the existing chromosome breakpoints to generate new rearrangements.
Face recognition using the Hausdorff-Voronoi Network (HAVNET) neural network

Some cognitive tasks that are easy for humans are not so for computer systems. Face recognition is one of these tasks. A face recognition prototype model using the HAVNET neural network is implemented and tested. The applications of such a model are tremendous and demanding. The prototype model uses a neural network that behaves as a binary pattern classifier. The neural network used, HAVNET, utilizes the Hausdorff distance as a metric of similarity between patterns and it employs a learned version of the Voronoi surface to perform the comparison. Different human faces' images are used for training and testing the model. The recognition results as well as the different sensitive factors that affect the recognition process are discussed. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
EQUIVALENCE OF THE COULOMB GAUGE AND THE REFORMULATED LORENTZ GAUGE.

A reformulated version of quantum electrodynamics in the Lorentz gauge is shown to be identical, in all of its physical consequences, to quantum electrodynamics in the Coulomb gauge. The reformulated Lorentz gauge has previously been shown to differ from the usual version of the Lorentz gauge in some important aspects.
Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming grass hay with or without corn and alfalfa

Fourteen crossbred sheep (33 kg body weight, SE = 1; 9 months of age) were used in a 21 day experiment (2 × 2 factorial) to determine if dietary substitution of grain (ground corn; C) for ryegrass-wheat hay (72% neutral detergent fiber and 9% crude protein) alters effects of legume (alfalfa hay: 60% neutral detergent fiber and 15% crude protein; A) substitution on splanchnic tissue net flux of oxygen, alpha-amino nitrogen, urea and ammonia with ad-libitum consumption. Diets were approximately 100, 75, 75 and 50% grass, 0, 25, 0 and 25% C, and 0, 0, 25 and 25% A for control, C, A and CA treatments, respectively. Dietary inclusion of corn did not affect net fluxes or change effects of alfalfa. Alfalfa substitution did not alter dry matter intake, organic matter digestibility or oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera, liver or splanchnic bed. However, alfalfa increased digestible nitrogen intake (P < 0.01; 6.0, 5.9, 9.8 and 10.3 g per day), hepatic release of urea nitrogen (P = 0.04; 30.6, 22.5, 38.6 and 41.4 mM h−1) and hepatic uptake of ammonia nitrogen (P = 0.04; 12.1, 10.7, 19.3 and 17.6 mM h−1 for control, C, A and CA, respectively) and decreased energy expenditure as a percentage of digestible energy intake by the portal-drained viscera (P = 0.02; 10.8 versus 13.1%) and splanchnic bed (P = 0.08; 20.8 versus 23.3%). In conclusion, effects of substituting alfalfa for 25% of dietary grass, which was moderate to high in digestibility and moderate in nitrogen concentration, were not influenced by substitution of corn for grass.
Rhetorical Structure in Dialog

In this paper we report on several issues arising out of a first attempt to annotate task-oriented spoken dialog for rhetorical structure using Rhetorical Structure Theory. We discuss an annotation scheme we are developing to resolve the difficulties we have encountered.
A Reverse VSP Tomographic Velocity Analysis

Tomographic velocity analysis of VSP or reverse VSP is simplified here using Earth models with constant interval velocities separated by planar interfaces (PI). The traveltime formulas in such PI models are given. The formulas can be used to invert simultaneously for interval velocity, interface geometry, and positions of shots and geophones, though we shall always try to minimize the inversion variables based on given data and a priori information. The algorithm works for synthetic and physical model data tested so far. Practical issues such as event identification, choice of inversion variables, and their resolvability with reverse VSP data are discussed.
College athletics and student achievement: The evidence at small colleges

The College Sports Project is designed to gather data on athletics at Division III colleges and universities to inform presidents about the academic experiences of student athletes.
Pattern Separation in the Human Hippocampal CA3 and Dentate Gyrus

Pattern separation, the process of transforming similar representations or memories into highly dissimilar, nonoverlapping representations, is a key component of many functions ascribed to the hippocampus. Computational models have stressed the role of the hippocampus and, in particular, the dentate gyrus and its projections into the CA3 subregion in pattern separation. We used high-resolution (1.5-millimeter isotropic voxels) functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity during incidental memory encoding. Although activity consistent with a bias toward pattern completion was observed in CA1, the subiculum, and the entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, activity consistent with a strong bias toward pattern separation was observed in, and limited to, the CA3/dentate gyrus. These results provide compelling evidence of a key role of the human CA3/dentate gyrus in pattern separation.
Effect of coramine on liver and plasma protein.

SummaryN, N-diethylnicotinamide (Cor-amine), when fed to weanling rats in a 25% protein diet, produced a marked increase in liver size within 3 to 6 days. This enlargement is due, in part, to an average absolute increase of up to 33% in liver protein. The optimal effect is obtained at a dietary level of about 0.5% Coramine. Plasma protein concentrations are slightly higher (5%) in experimental animals than in controls. Paper electrophoretic patterns of the proteins of these plasmas are identical with the patterns of control plasmas. These plasma and liver effects are obtained in a few days when the drug is fed at low dietary levels. Thus it would appear the Coramine acts as a liver growth stimulant in the young rat.
Explaining son preference in rural India: the independent role of structural versus individual factors

Much research has been done on demographic manifestations of son preference, particularly girls’ excess mortality; however, there is less research that focuses on son preference itself. This paper analyzes the determinants of son preference in rural India. We separate the independent, relative effects of characteristics of individual women and their households, village opportunities for women and village development, and social norms. We look at both socioeconomic and sociocultural variables. Finally, we examine whether predictors of son preference differ by desired family size. Our data come from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India, 1992–1993. We use an ordered logit model, with dummy variables for state of residence. Our analysis shows that women’s education, particularly at secondary and higher levels, is consistently and significantly associated with weaker son preference, regardless of desired family size. Once factors measuring social norms, such as marriage customs, caste and religion, are included, economic wealth and women’s employment at household or village levels are not significant. Media access remains significant, suggesting an influence of “modernizing” ideas. Among social factors, caste and religion are associated with son preference but, once state of residence is controlled for, marriage patterns and cultivation patterns are insignificant. The strength and significance for son preference of many determinants differs by desired family size. Our results suggest that policy makers seeking to influence son preference need to identify and target different policy levers to women in different fertility and social contexts, rather than try an approach of one size that fits all.
A new ultrasensitive scanning calorimeter.

Abstract A new ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimeter is described, having a number of novel features arising from integration between hardware and software. It is capable of high performance in either a scanning or isothermal mode of operation. Upscanning is carried out adiabatically while downscanning is nonadiabatic. By using software-controlled signals sent continuously to appropriate hardware devices, it is possible to improve adiabaticity and constancy of scan rate through use of empirical prerun information stored in memory rather than by using feedback systems which respond in real time and generate thermal noise. Also, instrument response time is software-selectable, maximizing performance for both slow- and fast-transient systems. While these and other sophisticated functionalities have been introduced into the instrument to improve performance and data analysis, they are virtually invisible and add no additional complexities into operation of the instrument. Noise and baseline repeatability are an order of magnitude better than published raw data from other instruments so that high-quality results can be obtained on protein solutions, for example, using as little as 50 μg of protein in the sample cell.
A rule-based seizure prediction method for focal neocortical epilepsy.

Objective In the present study, we have developed a novel patient-specific rule-based seizure prediction system for focal neocortical epilepsy.
Presence of Interferon in Acute- and Convalescent-Phase Sera of Humans with Influenza or an Influenza-Like Illness of Undetermined Etiology

Interferon (IFN;titer, greater than 10 units) was present in the acute-phase sera of 30 of 40 subjects with culture and/or serologically documented, naturally acquired influenza A/Brazil/78 (H1N1) and in the acute-phase sera of five of 27 subjects with an influenza-like illness of undetermined etiology. No statistical correlation existed between the quantity of IFN in acute-phase serum and the course of the clinical illness. Antiviral activity in all of nine acute-phase sera and three of four sera obtained on the fifth to seventh days of illness was neutralized to greater than 50% by antibody to virus-induced human leukocyte IFN (HuIFN-alpha). In contrast, none of five sera collected between 21 and 23 days after the onset of illness contained IFN sensitive to neutralization by antibody to HuIFN-alpha. Resistance of IFN in convalescent-phase sera to neutralization by antibody to HuIFN-alpha suggests that multiple IFN species may evolve during viral infections.
On the magnetic characteristics of Pr-La and Pr-Y alloys and the nature of elemental praseodymium at low temperatures☆

Abstract Magnetic susceptibilities of Pr and Pr-Y alloys are reported for the temperature range 2–300°K and for field strengths ( H ) up to 21 kOe. The alloys show deviations from Curie-Weiss behavior and a tendency toward temperature-independent susceptibility similar to that exhibited by elemental Pr. χ at 4.2°K for Pr decreases sharply with alloying; its Weiss constant changes sign with as little as 10 per cent La or Y. χ at 4.2°K is observed to decrease with increasing H above 10 kOe; the decrease is progressively eliminated by alloying with Y or La, and also is not observed at 300°K. The operator equivalent method is used to calculate the energy level structure and associated magnetic moments for cubic and hexagonal Pr +3 ions. Influence of the sixth order term and H is included. Using standard formulae it is possible to account for the χ vs. T behavior for Pr 0.5 La 0.5 ; the overall splittings at the cubic and hexagonal sites are the same as those found by Bleaney for Pr. Extension of the analysis to Pr enables most of its unusual characteristics to be understood. Appearance of spontaneous magnetization is predicted at T c , where T c is calculated to be in the range 24.4 to 32°K, depending on the choice of the molecular field coefficient. This compares favorably with 25°K observed by neutron diffraction techniques. From the analysis it is also clear why (a) the magnetic ordering in Pr is only a weakly cooperative process and (b) order is confined to the hexagonal sites. the new concept of Pr represents a way of harmonizing the two seemingly contradictory models used earlier in describing its low temperature magnetic behavior.
Absolute Measurements of the Fast Neutron Capture Cross Section of 238U

The cross section of the reaction 238U(n,γ)239U is measured at neutron energies of 23 and 964 keV. Photoneutron sources Sb-Be and Na-Be are calibrated using a manganese bath traceable to the Nation...
Cost-effective mask fabrication on Kapton membrane for deep x-ray lithography

A low-cost mask fabrication process for deep x-ray lithography is described. The mask consists of Kapton films stretched on a ring with absorber structures formed by optical lithography using NFR015 resist and gold electroplating, similar to the masks from the 'early x-ray lithography age'. Such masks proved easy to fabricate and are presently being evaluated for deep x-ray lithography applications. First experiments indicate that they exhibit sufficient radiation resistance and limited variational dimensional changes during exposure at 1.3-1.5 GeV on the XRLM3 beamline at CAMD.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Temporal behavior of abrin in the intoxication of chinese hamster cells (line CHO)

Abrin, a potent cytotoxin, was utilized as a probe to elucidate the mechanism by which external proteins are delivered to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Abrin bound rapidly to the surface receptors of the Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) and appeared to be internalized immediately without any significant lag. The maximum level of abrin internalization was achieved within eight minutes, based on both biochemical and electron microscopic autoradiographic studies with [125|] abrin. About 10% of the silver grains of internalized [125|] abrin were associated with vesicular structures, irrespective of the incubation time. Inhibition of protein synthesis began 30 minutes postincubation, and this latent period was not dependent on extracellular toxin concentration. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the internalized [125|] abrin indicated that internalized abrin molecules remained intact even after two hours of incubation.
Simultaneous optical and radio observations of NP 0532.

Crab Nebula pulsar NP 0532 simultaneous optical and radio observations, noting influence of interstellar dispersion value uncertainty
Baking Performance of Durum and Soft Wheat Flour in a Sponge-Dough Breadmaking Procedure

ABSTRACT Breadmaking properties were determined for formulations that included durum, soft, and spring wheat flour, using a pound-loaf sponge-dough baking procedure. Up to 60% durum or soft wheat flour plus 10% spring wheat flour could be incorporated at the sponge stage for optimum dough-handling properties. At remix, the dough stage required 30% spring wheat flour. Bread made with 100% spring wheat flour was used as a standard for comparison. Bread made with 60% durum flour exhibited internal crumb color that was slightly yellow. When storing pound bread loaves for 72 hr, crumb moisture content remained unchanged. Crumb firmness and enthalpy increased the most in bread made with 60% soft wheat flour. Crumb firmness increased the least in bread made with 100% spring wheat flour. Enthalpy changed the least in bread made with 60% durum flour. Crumb moisture content was significantly correlated with crumb firmness (r = -0.82) and enthalpy (r = -0.65). However, crumb moisture content was specific for each ty...
The sorbinil trap: a predicted dead-end complex confirms the mechanism of aldose reductase inhibition.

Kinetic and crystallographic studies have demonstrated that negatively charged aldose reductase inhibitors act primarily by binding to the enzyme complexed with oxidized nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (E·NADP+) to form a ternary dead-end complex that prevents turnover in the steady state. A recent fluorescence study [Nakano and Petrash (1996) Biochemistry 35, 11196−11202], however, has concluded that inhibition by sorbinil, a classic negatively charged aldose reductase inhibitor, results from binding to the enzyme complexed with reduced cofactor (E·NADPH) and not binding to E·NADP+. To resolve this controversy, we present transient kinetic data which show unequivocally that sorbinil binds to E·NADP+ to produce a dead-end complex, the so-called sorbinil trap, which prevents steady-state turnover in the presence of a saturating concentration of aldehyde substrate. The reported fluorescence binding results, which we have confirmed independently, are further shown to be fully consistent with the proposed...
Amyloid Fibril Proteins: Proof of Homology with Immunoglobulin Light Chains by Sequence Analyses

The sequences of the 35 and 36 amino-terminal amino acids of two purified amyloid fibril proteins have been determined. Results indicate that these two proteins are derived from homogeneous immunoglobulin light chains of variable region subgroup V(kappaI). The relation between amyloidosis and immunoglobulins is thus more firmly established.
Comparison of two Navier-Stokes codes for attached transonic wing flows

In the present study, two codes that solve the three-dimensional thin-layer Navier-Stokes (TLNS) equations are used to compute the steady-state flow for two test cases representing typical finite wings at transonic conditions. The first code, CFL3D, uses an implicit upwind-biased scheme, while the second, TLNS3D, uses an explicit central-difference scheme. Comparisons of computed surface pressure distributions with experimental data and analysis of global aerodynamic coefficient data indicate that for a given grid, CFL3D is more accurate, while TLNS3D is more efficient. To achieve the same level of accuracy, TLNS3D requires more grid points than CFL3D, but converges using slightly less computer time.
Hyperbranched conjugated polyelectrolyte bilayers for solar-cell applications.

Cationically and anionically charged hyperbranched conjugated polyelectrolytes (HB-CPEs) PNMe3+ and PSO3- have been synthesized via the Heck coupling method using A3 + B2 type approach. Both HB-CPEs are highly fluorescent and soluble in polar organic solvents allowing processing to electrostatic adsorption. TiO2 hybrid solar cells have been fabricated with the HB-CPEs as sensitizers. The self-assembled bilayer HB-CPE films show higher overall efficiencies when compared to their respective monolayers
A fuzzy logic approach to unit commitment

The application of fuzzy logic to the unit commitment problem is demonstrated. This method allows a qualitative description of the behavior of a power system, the system's characteristics, and response without the need for exact mathematical formulations. It is demonstrated, through a numerical example, that a fuzzy-logic-based approach achieves a logical and feasible economical cost of operation of the power system, which is the major objective of unit commitment.
Screening of school children for urinary disease

Abstract A simple, economical, and practical screening system for urinary disease in school children was developed. The entire third-grade population of the Akron Public Schools was offered the evaluation. The methods used and data obtained are presented.
Relationships Among Fertility, Sperm Storage, and Shell Quality

Abstract One hundred and nine White Leghorn hens (50 weeks of age) were used to determine the relationships among fertility, sperm storage, and shell quality. The hens were artificially inseminated (AI) on 2 consecutive days with 100 million spermatozoa per insemination. Eggs were collected for 17 days and were classified as hard shell (HS), thin shell (TS), or shell-less (SL). Specific gravity (SG) was determined on HS eggs. All eggs were incubated for 3 days and broken out to determine fertility. The SL eggs were difficult to incubate; therefore, fertility was not obtained for these eggs. Hens producing eggs with SG Following the fertility trial, five hens laying HS and five hens laying SL eggs were inseminated as previously described and were killed on the day after the second insemination. The uterovaginal segments were excised, processed for histological evaluation, and stained for either oil red O to quantitate lipid or hematoxylin and eosin to show sperm distribution in uterovaginal sperm-host glands (UV-SHG). Histological examination of the UV-SHG showed that SL, hens had a significantly higher percentage of empty glands than HS hens. However, there were no differences between HS and SL hens for UV-SHG lipid deposition.
Effects of message framing and temporal context on college student drinking behavior

This study evaluated the interactive effects of message framing and temporal context on college student alcohol use. Participants (n = 228) were randomly assigned to read an alcohol prevention message that varied by message frame (gains vs. losses) and temporal context (short- vs. long-term consequences). Participants returned to the lab one month later to report their drinking behavior over the past month. As predicted, students exposed to the gain-framed message reported lower alcohol use (drank less frequently, drank fewer alcoholic beverages per drinking occasion, and engaged in less binge drinking) as compared to students exposed to the loss-framed message, but only if they read about short-term consequences of alcohol use. Message frame had no effect when participants were exposed to long-term consequences. This investigation extends previous research by demonstrating the effectiveness of message framing for reducing health-damaging behaviors and by identifying temporal context as a moderator of framing effects.
Investigation of the intermittent behavior of transitional boundary layer using a conditional averaging technique

Abstract The separation of unsteadiness (or intermittency) and turbulence is the key to improving understanding of the statistical behavior of the transitional boundary layer flow. A conditional sampling technique was applied in a study of the boundary layer flow undergoing transition from laminar to turbulent flow. A dual-slope method was introduced to find the threshold value. Detailed measurements were made for mean velocity, Reynolds normal and shear stresses, skin friction coefficients, and intermittency distribution across the boundary layer at various streamwise locations. The results showed the following. The transition process is characterized by two distinctive stages; the flow structures and energy transports are very different in these two stages. The distribution of intermittency across the boundary layer near the onset of transition was not consistent with previous reported results. The nonturbulent part of the transitional flow cannot be treated as the extension of the laminar flow, and the turbulent part behaves differently from a fully turbulent flow.
THE BACTERIAL FLAGELLUM : FROM GENETIC NETWORK TO COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE

Department of Developmental Biology Beckman Center Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California 94305 A rotating propeller at the cell surface, driven by a trans- membrane proton gradient, provides many bacteria with the ability to move and thus respond to environmental sig- nals. To acquire this powerful capability, the bacterial cell is faced with the challenge of building a tiny rotary engine at the base of the propeller. Although the motor is an- chored in the cytoplasmic membrane, a significant portion of the entire mechanism extends into the cytoplasm and, at the other end, out into the environment (Figure 1). At least 20 individual proteins are used as parts for this com- plex structure and another 30 are used for its construction, function, and maintenance (Macnab, 1992). To carry out the feat of coordinating the ordered expres- sion of about 50 genes, delivering the protein products of these genes to the construction site, and moving the cor- rect parts to the upper floors whiie adhering to the design specifications with a high degree of accuracy, the cell re- quires impressive organizational skills. The construction scheme must deal with fundamental questions in struc- tural and developmental biology. How does the cell mea- sure the length of a component made up of polymerized subunits? When the appropriate length is reached, how does the cell turn off the assembly of one part of the struc- ture and switch on the assembly of the next part? Are there checkpoint mechanisms that determine whether one flagellum component has been completed and that it is okay to start construction of the next component? How is this information conveyed to the expression of the flagellar genes? Because the assembly of the flagellum proceeds in large measure by the passage of structural proteins through a central channel to its distal tip (lino, 1969; Emer- son et al., 1970), what is the export mechanism and how does it choose the proteins that are allowed entry into the pipeline? This minireview addresses some of the mecha- nisms used by the cell to solve these problems in subcellu- lar morphogenesis, many of which provide unique insight into the versatility and ingenuity of the bacterial cell, and some of which provide new paradigms for cellular morpho- genesis. Both the design of the flagellum and some of the newly discovered regulatory tricks used to organize its construc- tion have been conserved among diverse and evolution- arily distant bacteria. What's more, some of the regulatory mechanisms used for flagellar construction appear also to be used for phage assembly and, surprisingly, for the selective transport of virulence factors from the bacterial cell to their animal or plant hosts (Russel, 1994; Rosqvist et al., 1994).
Differential coupling of KLF10 to sin3-HDAC and PCAF regulates the inducibility of the FOXP3 gene

Inducible gene expression, which requires chromatin remodeling on gene promoters, underlies the epigenetically inherited differentiation program of most immune cells. However, chromatin-mediated mechanisms that underlie these events in T regulatory cells remain to be fully characterized. Here, we report that inducibility of FOXP3, a key transcription factor for the development of T regulatory cells, depends upon Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) interacting with two antagonistic histone-modifying systems. We utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation, genome-integrated reporter assays, and functional domain KLF10 mutant proteins, to characterize reciprocal interactions between this transcription factor and either the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex or the histone acetyltransferase, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF). We characterize a Sin3-interacting repressor domain on the NH2 terminus of KLF10, which works to limit the activating function of this transcription factor. Indeed, inactivation of this Sin3-interacting domain renders KLF10 able to physically associate with PCAF as to induce FOXP3 gene transcription. We show that this biochemical data derived from studying our genome-integrated reporter cell system are recapitulated in primary murine lymphocytes. Collectively, these results advance our understanding of how a single transcription factor, namely KLF10, functions as a toggle to integrate antagonistic signals regulating FOXP3 and, thus, immune activation.
Ecologic Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico

Because of their importance as indicators of petroleum deposits, the benthic foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico are one of the most intensely studied groups of animals in the world. This is especially true of the foraminifera inhabiting the shallow shelf region of the northern and eastern Gulf; much less is known about the animals of the southern shelf, continental slope, and abyssal plains. The author spent 10 years examining collections from various not well-known areas of the Gulf; this atlas is a synthesis of distributional data from approximately 4500 previously known stations, plus new information from 400 additional stations.
UNTANGLING FALSE ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING ATHEISM AND HEALTH

In the past decade, the cognitive science of religion has worked to find an evolutionary explanation for supernatural belief. The explanations are convincing, but have created the stereotype that atheism is unnatural. In a similar way studies linking religious belief and health have vilified atheism as unhealthy. But belief is too complex, health is too nuanced, and the data are too varied to draw such a generalization. Catherine Caldwell-Harris has developed a psychological profile to understand nonbelief as an expected outcome of individual difference and therefore natural. In a similar manner I argue that we should study the relationship between belief and health through the lens of individual differences. This approach is especially promising given recent research which indicates personality fully accounts for the relationship with well-being previously attributed to belief. This approach has the added benefit of neutralizing the conversation by understanding atheism as the healthy expression of a natural personality.
Lysozymelike activity in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata challenged with bacteria

Abstract Levels of lysozyme activity have been determined in the serum and cells of untreated Biomphalaria glabrata and in snails that had been challenged with heat-killed Bacillus megaterium and water at 1, 2, and 4 hr postinjection. Lysozyme activities have also been ascertained in sham-injected snails at 1, 2, and 4 hr postchallenge. Our results indicate significant alterations in the serum lysozyme activity levels at 2 and 4 hr postchallenge with bacteria and at 1 hr postinjection of water. Also, there is a significant increase in cell lysozyme activity at 1 hr postchallenge with B. megaterium . It is concluded that lysozyme is released from phagocytes into serum as a result of challenge with B. megaterium . Although the exact role of the released enzyme is uncertain, it is hypothesized that it may serve as a humoral defense molecule.
An Integral for Second-Order Multiple Scattering Perturbation Theory

This paper presents the closed form evaluation of a six-dimensional integral. The integral arises in the application to many-electron systems of a multiple scattering perturbation expansion at second order when formulated in fourier space. The resulting function can be used for the calculation of both the electron density and the effective one-electron potential in an SCF calculation. The closed form expression derived here greatly facilitates these calculations. In addition, the evaluated integral can be used for the computation of second-order corrections to the “optimized Thomas?Fermi theory.”
An IS case: the closed loop scenario

Abstract Organizations are exploring the potential of inter-organizational information systems (IS ∗ s) in greater numbers. Generally the incentives are cost reduction and/or productivity improvement. Gaining these potential benefits requires cooperation within the information exchange path. Potential barriers, however, are the recognition of an information processing problem and the readiness to accept automated solutions.