cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the impact of routing holes on geographic routing

The performance of geographic routing protocols is largely determined by the routing holes from which they must recover. In this paper we examine routing hole characteristics. In simulations of large networks of varying size and placement strategy we investigate (1) the size of routing holes, (2) the number of hops needed to escape from a routing hole, and (3) the likelihood of encountering a routing hole as a function of distance. Our results show the distribution of hops required to map a hole is skewed toward smaller values (/spl les/ 10 hops), and that the majority of holes can be circumvented in 4 hops or less. Interestingly, we find the probability of encountering a routing hole to be greatly affected by the distance in all but uniformly generated networks.
Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein UL16 Causes Intracellular Sequestration of NKG2D Ligands, Protecting Against Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity

The activating receptor, NKG2D, is expressed on a variety of immune effector cells and recognizes divergent families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–related ligands, including the MIC and ULBP proteins. Infection, stress, or transformation can induce NKG2D ligand expression, resulting in effector cell activation and killing of the ligand-expressing target cell. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) membrane glycoprotein, UL16, binds to three of the five known ligands for human NKG2D. UL16 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi apparatus of cells and causes MICB to be similarly retained and stabilized within cells. Coexpression of UL16 markedly reduces cell surface levels of MICB, ULBP1, and ULBP2, and decreases susceptibility to natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Domain swapping experiments demonstrate that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of UL16 are important for intracellular retention of UL16, whereas the ectodomain of UL16 participates in down-regulation of NKG2D ligands. The intracellular sequestration of NKG2D ligands by UL16 represents a novel HCMV immune evasion mechanism to add to the well-documented viral strategies directed against antigen presentation by classical MHC molecules.
Dogmatism, hostility, aggression, and gender roles.

The relationships between dogmatism, hostility, and aggression for males and females were studied. Ss were 74 male and 109 female college students, who were administered the D Scale, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Megargee Overcontrolled Hostility Inventory, Gough-Sanford Rigidity Scale, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Significant positive relationships were found between dogmatism and hostility for both males and females (p less than .001). This confirmed theoretical formulations that postulated the more dogmatic to be pervasively hostile, rather than limited to directed expressions of hostility such as prejudice. Only for males, however, was a significant negative relationship between dogmatism and the overcontrolling of hostility found (p less than .05). In this, and other relationships, males appeared to be more able to integrate aggressive behaviors into personality patterns. While dogmatism related to several personality patterns, it had no relationship to social desirability. Rigidity and dogmatism presented essentially different personality constellations. Feelings of guilt were related significantly to disaffected patterns such as dogmatism (p less than .001), hostility (p less than .001), and aggression (p less than .05), which suggests a turning inward of feelings of anger and disappointment in addition to their outward expression. Language: en
A novel dispersive FDTD formulation for modeling transient propagation in chiral metamaterials

Chiral media engineered for applications at microwave frequencies can be described as metamaterials composed of randomly oriented helices (with sizes typically less than a wavelength) embedded within an achiral background that is characterized by its permittivity and permeability. Chiral metamaterials embody properties of magnetoelectric coupling and polarization rotation. Chiral media are also highly dispersive and no effective full-wave time domain formulation has been available to simulate transient propagation through such an important class of metamaterials. A new finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is introduced in this paper to model the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with isotropic dispersive chiral metamaterials, based on the implementation of a wavefield decomposition technique in conjunction with the piecewise-linear recursive convolution method. This formulation represents the first of its kind in the FDTD community. The FDTD model is validated by considering a one-dimensional example and comparing the simulations with available analytical results. Moreover, the FDTD technique is also used to investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves through multilayered metamaterial slabs that include dispersive chiral and double-negative media. Hence, this model enables the investigation of complex dispersive metamaterials with magnetoelectric coupling and double-negative behavior as well as facilitates the exploitation of their unique properties for a variety of possible applications.
On splitting BDI agents

Based on a simple BDI agent model, this paper studies different ways of agent splitting, their properties and relationships.
Charged Particles from the Interaction of 14-Mev Neutrons with Li 6 and Li 7

The angular distribution of the charged particles produced in the bombardment of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ by 14-Mev neutrons was observed with nuclear emulsions in a multiplate camera. Metallic targets of enriched ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ were used. The following cross sections were measured: ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, p){\mathrm{He}}^{6}$, 6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 mb; ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{5}$, 89\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 mb; ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{5*}$, 77\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9 mb; ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, t){\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, 26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 mb; ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(n, t){\mathrm{He}}^{5}$, 55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 mb. The reaction ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ was also observed but was not well enough resolved to give an angular distribution and total cross section. No evidence was found for the formation of ${\mathrm{He}}^{7}$ by ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(n, p){\mathrm{He}}^{7}$ with a cross section greater than 5 mb in the range $\ensuremath{-}1.0gQg\ensuremath{-}7.0$ Mev. The angular distributions obtained for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{5}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{5*}$ indicate these reactions proceed mainly by an inverse stripping or pick-up process. The energy spectrum of the neutrons from ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{5}(n){\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}(n, d){\mathrm{He}}^{5*}(n){\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ is calculated using several assumptions for the angular distribution of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{5}$ disintegration.
Generalized ambiguity functions and wavelets

Summary form only given, as follows. A class of linear operators on L/sup 2/(R/sup 2/) are introduced that, when acting on rank-one tensors, yield ambiguity functions and their generalizations. Many properties of ambiguity functions become transparent in this setting. The L/sup 2/-synthesis problem by functions in the range of these operators is solved. The same approach applied to functions whose Fourier transforms are rank-one tensors yields analogous results for wideband ambiguity functions (wavelet transforms). >
Hypertensive Elders' Perceptions and Management of Their Disease: Health Beliefs or Health Decisions?:

This study attempted to validate the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a model for explaining health behavior among elderly people diagnosed with hypertension. Using the construct validation perspective within psychometric theory, factor analysis with principal axis factoring and orthogonal varimax rotation was performed on data obtained from 275 elderly patients seen for hypertension in outpatient clinics. The structure of the HBM as originally proposed by Rosenstock (1966) was not confirmed. Instead, a six-factor structure reflecting a decision-making perspec tive as opposed to a belief perspective was obtained This factor structure accounted for 100% of the variance and was established on the basis of eigenvalues meeting more than one criterion for factor retention. The six factors are (a) inference of susceptibility, (b) understanding of hypertension, (c) use of health services, (d) inference of illness, (e) likelihood of disease-related complications, and (f) health locus of control. This study reveals pa...
The importance of distributed grounding in combination with porous Si trenches for the reduction of RF crosstalk through p/sup -/ Si substrate

Locally incorporated porous Si (PS) trenches are used for radio frequency (RF) crosstalk isolation through p/sup -/ Si substrates. PS trenches provide large dielectric separation (large impedance) between the noise producing and the noise sensitive circuits without prohibitively high stress from a thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between bulk Si and the common dielectrics, e.g. SiO/sub 2/ and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/. A variety of commonly used RF isolation structures are fabricated and compared. The best isolation structure for the p/sup $/substrates is shown to be the one with p/sup +/ grounding stripes in addition to a PS trench. Crosstalk between Al pads with 800 /spl mu/m separation is reduced to the level comparable to that through air. It is shown that contrary to our previous result using PS trenches in p/sup +/ substrates, p/sup +/ grounding stripes or PS trenches alone is quite ineffective. Superior RF isolation is achieved only when the two approaches are used in conjunction with one another. The combined approach results in additional crosstalk reduction of 21 dB at 2 GHz and 11 dB at 20 GHz.
Rapid determination of translational diffusion coefficients using ESR imaging

Abstract The use of ESR imaging for the rapid determination of diffusion coefficients, D , in anisotropic solvents is reported, and the use of Fourier transforms of the concentration profile to determine D is discussed. An approximate rapid analysis technique is also presented. The diffusion coefficients for motion perpendicular to the director axis for 4-oxo2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (TEMPONE) and octylbenzoyl spin label (OBSL) in the nematic phase of Phase V have been determined. They are D (TEMPONE) = 1.25 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 and D (OBSL) = 0.48 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 at 294 K. The lateral diffusion coefficients for cholestane spin label (CSL) in POPC and 16PC in DMPC were also determined. The diffusion coefficients were measured as a function of temperature from 11 to 60°C and they range from 4 × 10 −8 to 2 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 . Activation energies for diffusion in the two systems are E a (CSL/POPC) = 6.30 kcal mol −1 and E a (16PC/DMPC) = 8.63 kcal mol −1 .
Duration of acute kidney injury impacts long-term survival after cardiac surgery.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is associated with worse outcomes. However, it is not known how adverse long-term consequences vary according to the duration of AKI. We sought to determine the association between duration of AKI and survival. Methods Medical records of 4,987 cardiac surgery patients from 2002 through 2007 with serum creatinine (SCr) collection at a medical center in northern New England were reviewed. Acute kidney injury was defined as at least a 0.3 (mg/dL) or at least a 50% increase in SCr from baseline and further classified into AKI Network stages. Duration of AKI was defined by the number of days AKI was present and categorized as no AKI and AKI for 1 to 2, 3 to 6, and at least 7 days. Results Thirty-nine percent of patients exhibited AKI. Long-term survival was significantly different by AKI duration (p Conclusions The duration of AKI after cardiac surgery is directly proportional to long-term mortality. This AKI dose-dependent effect on long-term mortality helps to close the gap between association and causation, whereby AKI stages and AKI duration have important implications for patient care and can aid clinicians in evaluating the risk of in-hospital and postdischarge death.
Nursing Teamwork and Unit Size

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the team and unit size and level of nursing teamwork. The sample for the study was 2,265 direct care nursing providers from 53 units in four hospitals. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine if five variables to measure unit size (average daily census, number of registered nurses, number of nursing assistants [NAs], and number of total staff) correlated with teamwork overall and with five teamwork subscales (trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental model, and leadership). A significant negative correlation was found between nursing teamwork overall and the number of NAs, and average daily census. To optimize nursing unit teamwork, consideration needs to be given to strategies to reduce the size of nursing teams.
Pulsed vacuum and etching systems: Theoretical design considerations for a pulsed vacuum system and its application to XeF2 etching of Si

Rekindled interest has developed in pulsed vacuum systems due to their use for Xenon Difluoride (XeF2) etching systems and their usefulness in the fabrication of MEMS and nanostructures. Despite numerous applications of pulsed vacuum systems, little information is available in the literature on their design considerations. In this paper mathematical models and their experimental verification are presented for various important design considerations of pulsed vacuum systems. Control of the chambers' pressures and pulse durations are typically the most important design considerations for processes involving pulsed vacuum systems. Pressure sensors give the exact pressure, but accurate chamber volumes are unknown. Thus a methodology is developed for accurate determination of chamber volumes that involves the introduction of a calibrated volume into a chamber. Then it is demonstrated that allowing a known pressure and volume of gas to move between two chambers leads to accurate temporal control of the chambers' pressures. Furthermore, by varying chambers' volumes, configurations, pressures, and the conductances between the chambers it is shown that the pulse duration could be accurately controlled. Though the model and demonstrations are presented in the context of a pulsed XeF 2 etching system, they are general and useful for all pulsed vacuum systems.
Optically transparent self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites: molecular orientation and mechanical properties

Self-reinforced composites have been fabricated by compaction of oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers under pressure at temperatures near, but below, their melting point. The originally white fiber bundles, which were about 40% crystalline, show increased crystallinity (55%) but optical translucency after processing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) were used to study the crystallization and orientation of the fibers, revealing that the degree of crystallinity was somewhat insensitive to compaction conditions while the melting point increased substantially with increasing compaction temperature. Crystalline orientation, gauged using the Hermans orientation parameter from WAXD data, indicated that no significant loss in orientation of the crystalline fraction occurs due to compaction. Mechanical characterization revealed a stepwise decrease in flexural modulus (9.4‐8.1 GPa) and concomitant increase in transverse modulus and strength on increasing the compaction temperature from 255 to 259 8C. This transition in behavior was accompanied by a loss of optical transparency and a change in the distribution of amorphous fraction from fine intrafibrillar domains to coarse interfibrillar domains as seen with electron microscopy. We argue then that the mechanical properties of PET compactions are influenced more by orientation of the amorphous phase than that of the crystalline phase. The impact properties of compacted materials, characterized using an unnotched Charpy test method, showed remarkable impact resistance after compaction, with impact toughness decreasing as compaction temperature was increased. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Self-care and Job Stress

This qualitative field research explored and described self-care strategies of hospital-based nurses. Data were derived from participant observation in 4 clinical areas and from in-depth interviews with 20 nurses. The nurses relied on the following self-care strategies: asserting, cultivating, catharsis and withdrawing. Humor, an additional self-care strategy, facilitated the other strategies. Implications for nursing practice and further research are suggested.
Age Differences in Descriptions of Emotional Experiences in Oneself and Others

We analyzed language use to examine age differences in people's representations of their own emotions as compared with those of others. Participants (N = 365, aged 18-85 years, M = 42.8, SD = 19.2) read hypothetical emotion-eliciting scenarios and described how they themselves and the social partners involved in the scenarios would feel. Compared with those of younger adults, older adults' descriptions involved a higher frequency of positive and a lower frequency of negative emotions. Older adults were also more likely to describe a co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions, but less likely to describe the simultaneous experience of multiple negative emotions. Age effects showed similar patterns for participants' descriptions of their own emotions as compared with those of others. We discuss the implications for theoretical accounts of emotional aging.
Impact of a Diabetes Risk Score on Lifestyle Education and Patient Adherence (IDEA) in Prediabetes: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Background: To evaluate whether knowledge of a personalized Diabetes Risk Score (DRS) improved performance in a 12-week lifestyle change program for prediabetes. Methods: Randomized subjects at four clinics provided samples for a DRS at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks. The intervention group received scores at each point, whereas the control group only received this information at 12 and 24 weeks. Outcomes included attendance and changes in weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol, and risk score. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the groups (n = 192) and within risk-stratified subgroups. At 12 weeks, there were no differences in outcomes, with mean weight loss of 4.61 kg in the intervention group and 4.43 kg in the control group (p = 0.79). Both groups were given 12-week risk scores, with previously unseen baseline scores for the control group. The control group continued to lose additional weight (1.21 kg) by 24 weeks, whereas the ...
Relationship of Cytotoxins of Axenically Cultivated Entamoeba histolytica to Virulence

Clarified homogenates prepared from different strains of axenically reared Entamoeba histolytica were assayed for acid and neutral proteinase activity, cytotoxicity, and protein content. The homogenates of the more virulent strains contained more acid or neutral proteinase and more toxin units per 106 trophozoites. Toxicity and neutral proteinase activities had a similar pattern of distribution. The cytotoxicity of the gel-filtered proteins of the studied strains followed the same rank order as their reported virulence. The more virulent strains (HM-1 and Rahman) had significantly more neutral proteinase activity than less virulent strains (HK-9, Laredo and Huff). Purified extracts of HM-1 and Rahman strains contained more toxin per milligram of protein and exhibited a lower cytotoxicity end point than those of the less virulent strains. The most cytotoxic fraction of each strain had a molecular weight of ∼24,000, and all cytotoxins were antigenically similar. A more virulent strain (HM-1) secreted more cytotoxic activity when incubated under tissue culture conditions than did a less virulent strain (HK9). Cytotoxic material secreted by strain HM-1 during axenic growth had the same molecular weight as that isolated from trophozoites. The Entamoeba histolytica toxin studied may be a neutral proteinase that is present in greater quantities in more virulent strains, thus accounting for their greater cytotoxicity in vitro and invasiveness in vivo.
Transportation Demand Management and HOV Projects

As described in Chapter 1, Transportation Demand Management (TDM) emphasizes the reduction of demand to require fewer roadway facilities at peak hours. Transportation Systems Management (TSM) focuses on the implementation of relatively low cost, quickly established actions to obtain higher efficiency in moving people as opposed to vehicles. Some overlap in the meaning of these terms makes it advisable to specify the context when using them. The term TSM has been used previously to describe the subject of this chapter, and TDM is applied in most current programs.
Seismic event detection and source location using single-station (three-component) data

The seismic event detection and source location scheme presented in this paper uses single-station seismic data to analyze seismic events. To detect events, “the detection scheme” combines the signals on the horizontal components in a manner analogous to beam steering. Once an event is detected, “the location scheme” estimates the location of the source with respect to the receiver by estimating the polarization direction of the Pn phase. The range estimate is then obtained from the relative timing of different phases.
Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became a Sickness

Christopher Lane, PhD, the Herman and Beulah Pearce Miller Research Professor of Literature at Northwestern University, specializes in Victorian and modern British fiction. He is also well versed i...
The Triumph of Eywa: Avatar, Pantheism, and the Sign of an Ecological Ecumene

Normal 0 21 false false false FR-BE X-NONE X-NONE In an op-ed piece published in late 2009 in the New York Times, Ross Douthat claimed that James Cameron’s film Avatar was a piece of pantheist propaganda designed to encourage the worship of nature rather than God. In this essay, I critique Douthat’s claims as a misunderstanding of pantheism and a symptom of conservative Christian fear that environmentalism is crypto-paganism. I offer an alternative reading of Eywa, the film’s planetary intelligence, as a creature, a figure of the Christian goddess Natura; a descendant of literary paganism; and a sign of an incipient Christian environmental ecumene. En un articulo de opinion publicado a finales de 2009 en el New York Times , Ross Douthat afirmo que la pelicula de James Cameron, Avatar , era un ejemplo de propaganda panteista disenada para animar a la adoracion de la naturaleza en vez de a Dios. En este ensayo, evaluo las afirmaciones de Douthat, clasificandolas como un malentendido sobre el panteismo y como un sintoma del temor cristiano conservador de que el ambientalismo sea cripto-paganismo. Ofrezco una interpretacion alternativa de Eywa, la inteligencia planetaria de la pelicula, como una criatura, una figura de la diosa cristiana Natura, una descendiente del paganismo literario, y un indicio de una incipiente ecumene ambiental cristiana.
Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and the frontier between.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a rise in blood pressure (BP) however the mechanisms underlying this association are not known. Nivar and colleagues utilize a number of innovative approaches to evaluate the role of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) of the renal collecting duct in the sodium retention and hypertension associated with MetS. C57Bl/6 male, mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks developed several features of MetS including: hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and elevated BP. They also showed salt-sensitive hypertension and sodium retention in the early time course of switch from normal to a high NaCl diet. Nonetheless, they found no evidence of over-activity of ENaC, using both perfused tubules and in vivo (sensitivity to benzamil) approaches. The authors concluded alternative, perhaps upstream sites of sodium retention. The studies are important in that they highlight the complexity of metabolic syndrome, and shed some new light in a controversial area. They do support renal sodium retention may be at the core, and elucidation of these upstream pathways is in need of additional study.
Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid by Reactive Species Generated through Catalyzed H2O2 Propagation Reactions

Perfluorinated compounds, which are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants, cannot currently be treated in the subsurface by in situ technologies. Catalyzed H2O2 propagation (CHP) reactions, which generate hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxide anion, and superoxide anion, were investigated for treating perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as a basis for in situ chemical oxidation remediation of groundwater. Using 1 M H2O2 and 0.5 mM iron(III), PFOA was degraded by 89% within 150 min. Hydroxyl radical does not react with PFOA, but systems producing only superoxide promoted 68% PFOA degradation within 150 min. In systems producing only hydroperoxide, the level of PFOA degradation was 80% over 150 min. The generation of near-stoichiometric equivalents of fluoride during PFOA degradation and the lack of detectable degradation products suggest PFOA may be mineralized by CHP. CHP process conditions can be adjusted during treatability studies to increase the flux of superoxide and hydroperoxide to treat ...
Code Case 2286 Applied to the Design of Pressure Vessels

Code Case 2286-1 [1] of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code [2][3] provides alternate rules for determining the allowable external pressure and compressive stresses for cylinders, cones, spheres, and formed heads in lieu of the rules of Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2. The authors in this paper present a comparison of the longitudinal and circumferential compressive stresses in pressure vessels based on the methods outlined in Paragraph UG-28 of Division 1, Section VIII of the ASME Code and Code Case 2286-1. The Do /t ratio in this paper is limited to 600 which covers the majority of pressure vessel designs found in the petrochemical industry. A sample vessel shell design is presented applying both the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1 method and that of Code Case 2286-1.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Guidelines on the detection, prevention and treatment of delirium

Background Polypharmacy is common in the treatment of the delirious critical care patient. The basis of some of this therapy is open to discussion and may simply reflect local practice or anecdote. These guidelines were developed in an attempt to provide an evidence-based approach to the detection, prevention and treatment of delirium. However, much of the information is gathered from non-critical care studies and although useful, highlights the need for quality studies to be undertaken in this area. These guidelines are endorsed by the Intensive Care Society’s Standards Committee and have benefited from external peer review. They are available for download from the Society’s website. This article provides a brief overview of delirium in the critically ill and a guideline synopsis. Delirium Overview Delirium is defined as an acute change in mental status with a fluctuating course, characterised by inattention, disorganised thinking and altered level of consciousness. It is a marker of acute cerebral insufficiency and hence it should be considered as another organ failure (i.e. brain failure) 1
High-Density Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuels Prepared from Multicyclic Sesquiterpanes and a 1-Hexene-Derived Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene

High-density renewable diesel and jet fuels have been generated by blending multicyclic sesquiterpanes with a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (5-methylundecane). The sesquiterpanes impart high density and volumetric net heat of combustion (NHOC) to the blends, while inclusion of the modestly branched paraffin decreases the viscosity and increases the cetane number of the blends. A surrogate diesel fuel comprising 65% sesquiterpanes and 35% 5-methylundecane had a cetane number of 45.7, a density of 0.853 g/mL, and a volumetric NHOC of 134.0 thousand British thermal units (kBtu)/gallon. By increasing the amount of paraffin to 60% by volume, a jet fuel surrogate was prepared with a cetane number of 57.0, a density of 0.806 g/mL, a −20 °C kinematic viscosity of 8.3 mm2/s, and a NHOC of 124.6 kBtu/gallon. The results show that full-performance and even ultraperformance fuels can be generated by combining bioderived sesquiterpanes and paraffins. The components of the fuel blends studied in this work can be genera...
Sustainability is not a Humanism: Review Essay on Allan Stoekl's Bataille's Peak

(2009). Sustainability is not a Humanism: Review Essay on Allan Stoekl's Bataille's Peak. Design Philosophy Papers: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 39-48.
Calculation of relay currents in active weakly-meshed distribution systems

This paper deals with short-circuit calculation, as one of the basic Distribution Management System (DMS) applications. It is common practice in short-circuit calculations to neglect loads, line and transformer shunt parameters as well as influence of the pre-fault state. This paper shows that some of these approximations could lead to incorrect results when calculating currents at relay locations (relay currents) in distribution systems. Consequently, an efficient short-circuit calculation procedure for active weakly-meshed distribution systems is proposed. Procedure is based on back/forward sweep with compensation for loops applied to faulted network models. The proposed procedure is robust and easy for programming and the results are significantly more accurate than those obtained by the oversimplified methods commonly used. Results show that errors made by listed approximations could be as high as 16% for a 20 KV test system, which can seriously affect the setting and coordination of protective equipment.
A Small-Scale, Feasibility Study of Academic Language Time in Primary Grade Language Arts.

ABSTRACTA small-scale feasibility study was conducted to explore the implementation of academic language time (ALT) in primary grade classrooms with and without access to digital devices. Academic language time is a structural change that dedicates a portion of language arts instructional time to direct vocabulary instruction using evidence-based techniques. Over a 6-week period, teachers and students in eight urban primary grade classrooms participated in the study. Fidelity of implementation and students’ pre- and post-vocabulary performance were used to gauge the ease and effectiveness of implementation as indicators of feasibility. Results showed that a majority of classrooms, print and digital-enriched, met fidelity benchmarks, suggesting ease of implementation. All classrooms showed pre/post-gains in students’ vocabulary learning, indicating effectiveness of implementation. The wide range of fidelity across classrooms, however, suggests that a more nuanced analysis of fidelity may be required to imp...
SAHA-induced loss of tumor suppressor Pten gene promotes thyroid carcinogenesis in a mouse model

Thyroid cancer is on the rise. Novel approaches are needed to improve the outcome of patients with recurrent and advanced metastatic thyroid cancers. FDA approval of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, for the treatment of hematological malignancies led to the clinical trials of vorinostat for advanced thyroid cancer. However, patients were resistant to vorinostat treatment. To understand the molecular basis of resistance, we tested the efficacy of SAHA in two mouse models of metastatic follicular thyroid cancer: Thrb(PV/PV) and Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice. In both, thyroid cancer is driven by overactivation of PI3K-AKT signaling. However, the latter exhibit more aggressive cancer progression due to haplodeficiency of the tumor suppressor, the Pten gene. SAHA had no effects on thyroid cancer progression in Thrb(PV/PV) mice, indicative of resistance to SAHA. Unexpectedly, thyroid cancer progressed in SAHA-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice with accelerated occurrence of vascular invasion, anaplastic foci, and lung metastasis. Molecular analyses showed further activated PI3K-AKT in thyroid tumors of SAHA-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice, resulting in the activated effectors, p-Rb, CDK6, p21(Cip1), p-cSrc, ezrin, and matrix metalloproteinases, to increase proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Single-molecule DNA analysis indicated that the wild-type allele of the Pten gene was progressively lost, whereas carcinogenesis progressed in SAHA-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice. Thus, this study has uncovered a novel mechanism by which SAHA-induced loss of the tumor suppressor Pten gene to promote thyroid cancer progression. Effectors downstream of the Pten loss-induced signaling may be potential targets to overcome resistance of thyroid cancer to SAHA.
Docit: an integrated system for risk-averse multimodal journey advising

Abstract Multimodal travel is a ubiquitous part of living in a city. The operation of modern urban transportation networks can negatively be impacted by multiple factors, including poor traffic conditions caused by congestion and events on the road. In effect, transportation networks feature many types of uncertainty, such as variations in the arrival times of public transport vehicles. However, current systems for multimodal journey planning assume a deterministic environment, assuming, for example, that the published timetables for public transport vehicle are accurate. Slight errors in the deterministic assumptions can result in lost connections, with a corresponding delay at the arrival. We present Docit, the first multimodal journey advising system that reasons about uncertainty in the network knowledge, creating journey plans optimized on the likelihood of arriving on time. Plans are more reliable, which can improve the user perception about the quality of service. This in turn could lead to an increased adoption of public transportation, helping remove cars from the road and fight congestion in Smarter Cities.
An image retrieval system using multispectral random field models, color, and geometric features

This paper describes a novel color texture-based image retrieval system for the query of an image database to find similar images to a target image. The retrieval process involves segmenting the image into regions of uniform color texture using an unsupervised histogram clustering approach that utilizes the combination of multispectral simultaneous auto regressive (MSAR) and color features. The color texture content, location, area and shape of the segmented regions are used to develop similarity measures describing the closeness of a query image to database images. These attributes are derived from the maximum fitting square and best fitting ellipse to each of the segmented regions. The proposed similarity measure combines all these attributes to rank the closeness of the images. The performance of the system is tested on two databases containing synthetic mosaics of natural textures and natural scenes, respectively.
Reliability of Life Satisfaction Measures in Middle School Students

A total of 248 students from one Southeastern U.S. middle school responded to measures of global and domain-based life satisfaction on three occasions, reflecting 5-month, 7-month, and 1-year time ...
Shape Dependence of the Kinetic Deflection of Asteroids

An asteroid’s shape can significantly influence the success of a deflection attempt via a kinetic impactor due to the effect that local topography has on the efficiency of the momentum transfer to ...
Uncertainty-aware receding horizon exploration and mapping using aerial robots

This paper presents a novel path planning algorithm for autonomous, uncertainty-aware exploration and mapping of unknown environments using aerial robots. The proposed planner follows a two-step, receding horizon, belief space-based approach. At first, in an online computed tree the algorithm finds the branch that optimizes the amount of space expected to be explored. The first viewpoint configuration of this branch is selected, but the path towards it is decided through a second planning step. Within that, a new tree is sampled, admissible branches arriving at the reference viewpoint are found and the robot belief about its state and the tracked landmarks of the environment is propagated. The branch that minimizes the expected localization and mapping uncertainty is selected, the corresponding path is executed by the robot and the whole process is iteratively repeated. The proposed planner is capable of running online onboard a small aerial robot and its performance is evaluated using experimental studies in a challenging environment.
Abstract 5390: Broad Genomics and Cancer Program development of comprehensive blood biopsy sequencing capabilities to support direct-to-patient cancer research initiatives

Genomic profiling of cell free tumor DNA (Blood Biopsy) offers the potential to revolutionize cancer precision medicine. As a proxy for tumor tissue profiling, successful blood biopsy analysis can help select appropriate patients for clinical trials, provide useful data for treatment monitoring, and discover genomic mechanisms of disease resistance. Recognizing these potential benefits, we aim to enable large-scale genomic data generation and analysis of cfDNA samples to support the patient driven Metastatic Breast Cancer Project (mbcproject.org) and many other such efforts. The widespread adoption of cfDNA sequencing technology in clinical research will require low cost, efficient, and in some cases clinically-validated processes. Commercial offerings in this field are focused on analysis of small targeted hotspot panels due to the challenges of more complete sequencing approaches for cfDNA (e.g. variability in the fraction of tumor present and high false positive rates). Working in collaboration with the Broad Institute Cancer Program, we have developed a process to overcome these challenges and provide high quality comprehensive exome analysis of cfDNA. Our process includes screening samples using ultra low pass, UMI-enabled whole genome sequencing to quantify the % of tumor DNA available for sequencing. Qualified samples are then moved into automated processes for exome sequencing and somatic mutation detection. In our initial validation study of 23 breast and prostate cancer patients with matched cfDNA and tumor tissue sequencing, we are able to identify 90% of clonal and 45% of subclonal mutations found in the matched tumor biopsy. In our effort to scale this process, and fully characterize the benefits and limitations of this technology we will present additional validation analysis. We will evaluate the relative importance of using paired sample analysis (tumors and matched normals) with analysis of tumor sequencing alone and assess sensitivity and specificity of somatic alterations as a function of tumor fraction and sequencing depth. Citation Format: Carrie Cibulskis, Andrew Hollinger. Broad Genomics and Cancer Program development of comprehensive blood biopsy sequencing capabilities to support direct-to-patient cancer research initiatives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5390
Comparative Proteomics Enables Identification of Nonannotated Cold Shock Proteins in E. coli.

Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have revealed translation of previously nonannotated microproteins from thousands of small open reading frames (smORFs) in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Facile methods to determine cellular functions of these newly discovered microproteins are now needed. Here, we couple semiquantitative comparative proteomics with whole-genome database searching to identify two nonannotated, homologous cold shock-regulated microproteins in Escherichia coli K12 substr. MG1655, as well as two additional constitutively expressed microproteins. We apply molecular genetic approaches to confirm expression of these cold shock proteins (YmcF and YnfQ) at reduced temperatures and identify the noncanonical ATT start codons that initiate their translation. These proteins are conserved in related Gram-negative bacteria and are predicted to be structured, which, in combination with their cold shock upregulation, suggests that they are likely to have biological roles in the c...
Interest in online interprofessional elective mind-body skills (MBS) training.

Abstract Introduction There is growing interest in mind-body skills (MBS) education and online interprofessional elective MBS training for health professionals. We conducted this study to understand a) the demand among different health professionals for an online MBS course; b) engagement with different MBS topics; and c) planned behavior changes. Methods We examined registrations from May 1 through August 31, 2014 for a new online MBS elective, analyzing the percentage of registrants who engaged with one or more of 12 modules by September 30, 2014. We also reviewed written comments about planned behavior change. Results The 693 registrants included physicians, nurses, social workers, dietitians, psychologists, and others. The two most popular topics were “Introduction: to Stress, Resilience, and Relaxation Response” and “Autogenic Training”. Half of registrants (57%) engaged with at least one module and 9% completed all 12 modules within the study period. Nearly all (90%) of those who completed evaluations planned to use the technique they learned for themselves, introduce it to patients, or both. Discussion Online elective MBS training attracts diverse health professionals and leads to plans for personal and professional behavior change. Additional research is necessary to understand the impact of different amounts and kinds of MBS training on professionals’ resilience, burnout, and quality of care.
Validation of an algorithm for identifying type 1 diabetes in adults based on electronic health record data.

Purpose Algorithms using information from electronic health records to identify adults with type 1 diabetes have not been well studied. Such algorithms would have applications in pharmacoepidemiology, drug safety research, clinical trials, surveillance, and quality improvement. Our main objectives were to determine the positive predictive value for identifying type 1 diabetes in adults using a published algorithm (developed by Klompas et al) and to compare it to a simple requirement that the majority of diabetes diagnosis codes be type 1. Methods We applied the Klompas algorithm and the diagnosis code criterion to a cohort of 66 690 adult Kaiser Permanente Colorado members with diabetes. We reviewed 220 charts of those identified as having type 1 diabetes and calculated positive predictive values. Results The Klompas algorithm identified 3286 (4.9% of 66 690) adults with diabetes as having type 1 diabetes. Based on chart reviews, the overall positive predictive value was 94.5%. The requirement that the majority of diabetes diagnosis codes be type 1 identified 3000 (4.5%) as having type 1 diabetes and had a positive predictive value of 96.4%. However, the algorithm criterion involving dispensing of urine acetone test strips performed poorly, with a positive predictive value of 20.0%. Conclusions Data from electronic health records can be used to accurately identify adults with type 1 diabetes. When identifying adults with type 1 diabetes, we recommend either a modified version of the Klompas algorithm without the urine acetone test strips criterion or the requirement that the majority of diabetes diagnosis codes be type 1 codes.
Chemical Pressure-Driven Enhancement of the Hydrogen Evolving Activity of Ni2P from Nonmetal Surface Doping Interpreted via Machine Learning.

The activity of Ni2P catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is currently limited by strong H adsorption at the Ni3-hollow site. We investigate the effect of surface nonmetal doping on the HER activity of the Ni3P2 termination of Ni2P(0001), which is stable at modest electrochemical conditions. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that both 2p nonmetals and heavier chalcogens provide nearly thermoneutral H adsorption at moderate surface doping concentrations. We also find, however, that only chalcogen substitution for surface P is exergonic. For intermediate surface concentrations of S, the free energy of H adsorption at the Ni3-hollow site is −0.11 eV, which is significantly more thermoneutral than the undoped surface (−0.45 eV). We use the regularized random forest machine learning algorithm to discover the relative importance of structure and charge descriptors, extracted from the DFT calculations, in determining the HER activity of Ni2P(0001) under different doping c...
Putting in Work: The Application of Identity Theory to Gang Violence and Commitment

Research has seldom examined how identity mechanisms facilitate violence among gang members. Relying on life history interviews with self-identified former gang members, we use identity theory to e...
Situación actual y tendencias dele-commerce en la industria de la construcción: análisis de la encuesta-cuestionario

La revolucion de la Tecnologia de la Informacion (IT) ha venido siendo ampliamente nombrada por tener igual o mayor influencia que la revolucion industrial sobre nosotros. La industria de la construccion ha venido incrementando su confianza en la nueva tecnologia electronica como herramienta viable para trabajar dentro de este campo. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar esta tendencia y predecir la direccion que pudiese tomar en el futuro la industria. La metodologia empleada en la realizacion de una encuesta-cuestionario a nivel nacional que cubriera los grandes constructores, gerentes de proyecto y construccion, y las firmas de A/I/C. Los resultados indican que los miembros de la industria de la construccion estan renuentes a comprar u ofertar bienes y servicios en linea. Por el contrario, las paginas de gerencia de proyectos estan siendo utilizadas frecuentemente. Los programas de acceso a clientes basados en la Web se quedan por detras de aquellos de otras industrias. Se puede concluir, organizacionalmente hablando, que las organizaciones de construccion estan en conocimiento del potencial del e-commerce pero no estan listas para aplicarlo completamente.
Viscoelasticity of Calf Hide Impregnated with Radiation-Polymerized Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate

In order to combine the desirable properties of synthetic polymers (elasticity and water, chemical, and biological resistance) with those of animal hide (strength, flexibility, and dyability), composites can be formed between the two types of material. Actually, adding materials to hide has long been an aspect of traditional leathermaking, usuaslly to increase thermal stability and to make the hide more hydrophobic. Newer uses for hide material require it to be stable but compatible with aqueous environments. Appropriate compositions can be formed from leather and hydrophilic polymers. Composites of collagen with poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (polyHEMA or pHEMA) (1), with starch (2), or with Polyacrylamide (3) have been described for surgical implants with blood compatibility and lack of tissue inflammatory reactions. Other uses for these compositions may be found as substrata for cells and enzymes in biotechnology.