cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental heterogeneity and alternative mating tactics in the damselfly Protoneura amatoria

Conditional male mating strategies have been studied extensively in relation to male attributes, such as size and resource-holding potential, but few studies have considered the effects of environmental heterogeneity on the use of alternative mating tactics. In some systems, environmental heterogeneity may be the key to understanding the evolution and maintenance of such polyphenisms. I examined the influence of the physical environment on the use of alternative tactics by the damselfly Protoneura amatoria. Male P. amatoria reversibly use 2 tactics to gain matings: 1) sit and wait in the canopy for passing females or 2) hover over the water and attempt to grab females that are ovipositing in floating debris. Observations in 3 streams indicated that the use of the hovering tactic was greater under high-light than low-light conditions and at higher densities of ovipositing females. The density of ovipositing females was correlated with both the light conditions and the availability of oviposition substrate, indicating that physical factors exert indirect as well as direct influences on tactic use. Experimental manipulations showed that both males and females responded directly to light conditions and suggested that males responded directly to the density of ovipositing females. These results can be explained largely in terms of the cues and constraints inherent in different light environments. Thus, the conditional mating strategy of P. amatoria appears to have evolved in response to, and been maintained by, fine-scale variation in the physical environment. These findings are discussed in relation to flight dynamics and predation risk. Key words: Odonata, phenotypic plasticity, Protoneuridae, Zygoptera. [Behav Ecol]
Spontaneous Leg Movements of Infants with Down Syndrome and Nondisabled Infants.

Infants with Down syndrome (DS) represent a population in which new behaviors are acquired significantly more slowly than in nondisabled infants. We propose that infants' spontaneous movements hold a key to understanding the process of development--of integrating intrinsic dynamics and function. In this investigation, we compared the spontaneous leg movements of 10 infants with DS and 2 groups of nondisabled (ND) infants matched for chronological age and motor age. In contrast to common perceptions, we did not observe a significant difference in the frequency of movements between infants with DS and ND infants. But, infants with DS demonstrated significantly fewer of the most complex patterned leg movements, that is, kicking patterns. Further, the frequency with which both DS and ND infants kicked was significantly correlated with the age at which they began to walk. Biomechanical variables were identified, as well, that related to their emergent movement patterns. These data are consistent with Edelman's proposal that spontaneous movements that occur repeatedly in regions of the organism's functional work space facilitate the development of stable behavioral patterns and emphasize the role of the interaction of multiple subsystems in the emergence of new behaviors.
The Role of the Physician in the Grief Process

A child's death is a particularly painful experience for the family. The grief process involves all family members, and although it is individualized many reactions and concerns are predictable. With knowledge of the grief process, the patient's physician may be of great assistance to the family during their time of need. A plan is suggested for helping the family to cope with their feelings.
Wind-Forced Transport Fluctuations of the Florida Current

Abstract Volume transport fluctuations of the Florida Current (Gulf Stream), generated within the Straits of Florida by local meridional wind stress, are investigated. A simple coastal response model was applied to the Straits of Florida and forced by along-channel winds only. The predicted volume transports were in good agreement with transport estimates derived from moored current meters and cable voltages for synoptic scale winter winds in the period band from 4 to 10 days. Good agreement was also found for the annual transport cycle for the two years of available data, suggesting that the seasonal change in along-channel wind forcing provides a significant contribution to the annual transport cycle of the Florida Current.
Developmental profiles of growth-associated protein (Gap43), Ngfb, Bndf and Ntf4 mRNA levels in the rat forebrain after exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields.

Abstract Harry, G. J., Bartenbach, M., Haines, W. and Bruccoleri, A. Developmental Profiles of Growth-Associated Protein (Gap43), Ngfb, Bndf and Ntf4 mRNA Levels in the Rat Forebrain after Exposure to 60 Hz Magnetic Fields. Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields (EMFs) during gestation and lactation. Rats received continuous exposure to 2-, 200- or 1000-μT magnetic fields for 18.5 h per day, 7 days a week, or sham exposure (sham controls). During postnatal development, on postnatal days 1, 3, 6, 9, 15 and 20, forebrain tissue from male pups was examined for alterations in mRNA level for developmentally regulated central nervous system-specific proteins. Alterations in these factors during critical periods of development could result in alterations in the final neural network. Gap43 (growth-associated protein 43) mRNA was measured by Northern hybridization as a developmental indicator of axonal growth during the development of the neuron. Between postnatal days 1 and 9, detectable levels of...
Reconceptualizing Advocacy Ethics

Contemporary regulation of the legal profession is rooted in a nineteenth-century debate about the proper conduct of advocates. The debate is commonly thought to have had only two sides. One side finds its popular expression in the observations of Lord Henry Brougham, which highlighted the advocate's single-minded devotion to the client. The other side is identified with the writings of David Hoffman, which emphasized the need for lawyers to be guided by personal conscience. The two views of the advocate's role set the terms of a debate that continues in the professional and academic literature to this day. The legal profession never fully embraced either conception of the advocate's role, however, and its approach to the regulation of advocacy refutes aspects of both. On one hand, contrary to Brougham's conception, professional rules of conduct place substantial limits on the lengths to which lawyers may go to achieve their clients' objectives and also recognize specific areas in which lawyers may act on conscience. On the other hand, contrary to Hoffman, the rules substantially limit the areas in which personal conscience is given rein and, in many situations, dictate how advocates must represent clients. The tendency, therefore, is to view professional regulation as lacking any clear theoretical underpinning but, rather, as simply reflecting a compromise between the two competing conceptions. This article argues to the contrary. It posits that, since the early 20th century, professional regulation has reflected a coherent conception of advocacy ethics that finds its origin in an 1845 case, Rush v. Cavenaugh. The article argues that, contrary to most commentators' assumption, Rush did not endorse Hoffman's conception of conscientious lawyering but, in fact, offered a separate alternative to Brougham's conception - one in which lawyers' duties of zealous advocacy are limited by duties to the court that are implicit in the lawyer's professional role, capable of being articulated, and, in some cases, judicially enforced. The article suggests that Rush anticipated core procedural and substantive aspects of modern lawyer regulation, including both the codification of professional limitations on advocacy and the courts' enforcement of limitations on advocacy that are not explicit in the disciplinary rules. Ultimately, Rush's distinction between professional and personal conscience offers a way to understand features of professional regulation that might otherwise be regarded as anomalous or unjustified. It bridges the gap between seemingly irreconcilable visions of professional regulation.
Screening for Depression in Adult Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Major depression and suicide are high among patients with MS. Despite the high prevalence of depression among persons with MS, only half of patients are screened and depression often remains undetected. Objective: To determine the correlation between the Beck Depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and to determine if the degree of disability as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the number of MS relapses were correlated with depression as measured by the BDI-II, and the BDI-FS. Methods: A sample of 34 persons with MS was selected from an urban neurological outpatient clinic in the Northeast United States. Descriptive, Chi-Square and Pearson correlations were used to analyze the data. Results: The sample was primarily female (71%), Caucasian (73.5%), married (56%), educated (67%), and lived with a partner or their family (68%). There was a significant positive correlation between the BDI-II and BDI-FS (r =0.82, p=0.01). The BDI-FS identified significantly more depressed persons than the BDI-II (X2=22.61, df=1, p< 0.001). There was no correlation between the extent of disability or number of MS relapses and depression as measured by either the BDI-II or BDI-FS. Conclusions: The study supports the ability of both tools to identify depressive symptoms among individuals with MS. The BDI-FS may be more efficient in identifying depression in the clinical setting among MS patients since it contains no items that assess symptoms commonly associated with MS.
CCK stimulates mob-1 expression and NF-κB activation via protein kinase C and intracellular Ca2+

Supraphysiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) induce chemokine expression in rat pancreatic acini through the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. In the current study, the in...
Renal artery stenosis, nephrotic-range proteinuria, and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Two patients with renal artery stenosis, secondary to atherosclerosis and nephrotic-range proteinuria, underwent renal biopsies. The results indicated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. The relationship between focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis is discussed.
Nesting Ecology and Production of Western Grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

-The nesting ecology of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidenti adult attentiveness and activities and nest predation were noted. Broods and adults were censused weekly throughout the summer by counting all birds seen from dike roads. In 1974 regular stops were made on the outside unit boundaries to scan the far sides of the refuge impoundments. Using this method, most of the water area of the refuge was covered. We classified grebes as: adults, class 1 young (on parent’s back), class 2 young (free-swimming downy young), or class 3 young (showing black on the head and neck). Because class 1 young were often concealed under a parent’s wings and back feathers, they were often difficult to count at a distance. Adult birds were often known to have young on their backs but estimating numbers was difficult. Class 3 birds, especially at later stages of development, resemble adults and thus were difficult to classify. Class 2 birds were the most conspicuous and thus presented the best estimate as to trends in breeding numbers and success of
Dynamical evolution of topology of large-scale structure

The nonlinear effects of statistical biasing and gravitational evolution on the genus are studied. The biased galaxy subset is picked for the first time by actually identifying galaxy-sized peaks above a fixed threshold in the initial conditions, and their subsequent evolution is followed. It is found that in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model the statistical biasing in the locations of galaxies produces asymmetry in the genus curve and coupling with gravitational evolution gives rise to a shift in the genus curve to the left in moderately nonlinear regimes. Gravitational evolution alone reduces the amplitude of the genus curve due to strong phase correlations in the density field and also produces asymmetry in the curve. Results on the genus of the mass density field for both CDM and hot dark matter models are consistent with previous work by Melott, Weinberg, and Gott (1987).
Emergency cricothyrotomy in confined space airway emergencies: a comparison.

Introduction: In confined-space airway emergencies, prehospital personnel may need to perform cricothyrotomy when conventional airway techniques cannot be utilized or have failed. This study is a prospective, cross-over, randomized controlled trial that compares two widely-known techniques using two commercially available kits.Methods: Twenty residents at Palmetto Health Richland Department of Emergency Medicine participated in the study. Their performance was assessed using the time required to placement and correctness of placement for each device. The residents performed the procedures on an Air-Man™ manikin that had been situated in a confined space. The residents also indicated which kit they would prefer in a confined-space, emergency airway situation.Results: All of the devices were placed in the airway. The mean time to placement for the Melker™ and Quicktrach™ kits was 108.5 seconds and 23.9 seconds, respectively. This yielded a mean difference of 84.5 seconds, which provided a t-statistic of 8.88 (p < 0.0001). There was no evidence of a carry-over effect (p = 0.292) or a period effect (p = 0.973). All residents preferred using the Quicktrach™ kit.Conclusions: Use of the Quicktrach™ kit resulted in the fastest time to placement, was placed correctly in the airway, and was preferred by each of the residents. Its small, simple, and sturdy design, with few parts and easy manipulation, allow the Quicktrach™ to be a valuable option in prehospital situations involving confined spaces. The Melker™ kit, with its many parts, and need for greater manipulation, is not as easily utilized or preferred in a confined space scenario.
Progresses in Breeding of Mid-season Super Hybrid Rice in Southern China

The production of mid-season hybrid rice in southern China is one of the most important parts in rice production of China.Great achievements were made in China on mid-season super hybrid rice breeding in the past ten years.The progresses were reviewed in the breeding of new parents and hybrid combinations,the breeding methodology and technology and the extending of super rice hybrids.The problems in the mid-season super hybrid rice breeding were pointed out.Based on the analysis of the problems,the methods and technical strategies were proposed to solve these problems.
Trends in the development of new combination antihypertensive drugs in China

Combination drugs of new mechanisms are constantly emerging,and the development and clinical application of these drugs have been significantly increased.New combination antihypertensive drugs can markedly improve compliance and antihypertensive efficacy as well as reduce adverse events.Therefore,new-mechanism antihypertensive drug combinations are becoming a mainstream of the combination therapies.This article described trends in the development of new-mechanism antihypertensive drug combinations in China.More large-scale clinical trials will enrich the medicine evidence of combination therapies.With the transformation of therapy conception,it is probable that optimized initial combination therapies may become a new prevalence.
Irrigation response and water productivity of deficit to fully irrigated spring camelina

Abstract Camelina [Camelina sativa L. Crantz] is an oil seed crop that could be adapted to the northern High Plains of the USA as a biofuel crop. Decreased ground water allocations in Nebraska necessitated determining the impact of limited irrigation on camelina. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of a range of irrigation levels on camelina yield, oil content, soil water changes and water productivity. The study was conducted for four growing seasons at two locations in western Nebraska. One site had a sandy soil whereas the other was a silt loam. Camelina was planted in early to mid-April. Cumulative irrigation treatments were 0, 100, 200, and 300 mm with the highest rate adjusted to be non-ET limiting. Camelina extracted soil water from 0.9 to 1 m depths which was shallower than canola. It showed significant response to irrigation during dry years but no response in above-average precipitation years. A water use efficiency of 7.0 kg mm-1 with 125 mm ETc required to produce the first unit of seed yield was shown. Camelina seed yield ranged from 428 to 2867 kg ha-1 with 187 and 536 mm of cumulative ET. In 2007 and 2008 camelina exhibited peak values in water consumed at 9–10 weeks after planting. Deficit irrigation reduced ET and yield plus accelerated maturity in those years. Oil content was increased by irrigation during drier years with no effect with high growing season precipitation. Oil content ranged from 25 to 50% depending on year, irrigation level and disease. Downey mildew significantly reduced oil content during 2009. Deficit irrigated camelina could be an alternative biofuel crop for this region but further genetic improvement would enhance its competiveness with spring canola.
Cultural and Economic Diversity

The wide ranging activity of multinational corporations brings them in touch with great differences in culture and economic standards in various parts of the world. They may encounter patterns of conduct, or standards of the treatment of human beings or preservation of the ecosystem which are markedly different from corporate policies in effect elsewhere. When such conditions prevail, corporations will find themselves faced with the dilemma of wishing to uphold standards which they normally accept elsewhere, yet constrained to conform to the standards of practice in the locale where they operate. This pressure may be intensified by their desire to avoid cultural and moral imperialism or the need to hew to local practice in order to continue doing business.
The Evolution and Current Status of the Functional Perspective on Communication in Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Groups

The functional perspective on communication in decision-making and problem-solving groups had its genesis in the pioneering work in interactional analysis by Robert F. Bales and in pedagogical approaches to group discussion derived from the functionalist philosopher John Dewey’s work on reflective thinking. This essay traces the evolution of the functional perspective in communication theory and research as applied to groups, reviews its current status, and identifies conceptual and methodological problems that frequently beset communication scholars who are attempting to understand the process-outcome relationship in decision-making and problem-solving interaction. Suggestions for new lines of inquiry are presented.
Treatment of Item Nonresponse: An Empirical Investigation1

This article reports the procedures adopted for an empirical investigation of four alternative methods (listwise deletion, pairwise deletion, use of mean response values and use of "hot deck" amounts) for treatment of item nonresponse in questionnaire surveys. It proceeds to analyze the empirical results using a two-way, blocked, ANOVA and concludes that hot deck amounts result in least distortion of interitem relation, use of mean response values results in greater distortion, and the two "deletion" methods yield the greatest distortion.
[Surveillance for viral diarrhea in sentinel hospitals in Henan province, 2013-2015].

Objective To investigate the infection status of human rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus in children aged <5 years in disease surveillance areas in Henan province from 2013 to 2015. Methods A total of 880 stool samples were collected from four sentinel hospitals and group A rotavirus was detected by ELISA and group A rotavirus G/P genotyping was performed with nested multiplex RT-PCR, while rotavirus (group B, C), calicivirus and astrovirus were detected by two-step multiplex RT-PCR and adenovirus were detected by PCR. The epidemiological data of positive cases were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 594 positive samples were detected, including 24 mixed infection samples, 370 rotavirus positive samples (42.0%); 162 calicivirus positive samples (18.4%); 69 astrovirus positive samples (7.8%) and 17 enteric adenovirus positive samples (1.9%). The overall positive rate of four viruses was significantly higher in urban area than in rural area, but the positive rate of rotavirus was higher in males than in females and in younger age group than in older age group. G9P [8] was the major genotype of group A rotavirus, there were two seasonal infection peaks in autumn and spring. Norovirus Ⅱ was the predominant type of calicivirus and the infection peak was in spring. Viral diarrhea cases were distributed in different age groups, mainly in age groups 0-12 months (rotavirus) and 3-5 years (calicivirus). The main clinical symptoms included fever, diarrhea and vomiting. The etiological characteristics differed with gender and area. Conclusions The infection rate of diarrheal viruses was higher in young children <5 years old in disease surveillance areas. The epidemiological and clinical features varied with the type of pathogen. Key words: Diarrhea virus; Infants; Genotyping; Epidemiological feature
Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas tragic on Mince and Surimis Made from Atlantic Pollock and Stored Under Air or Modified Atmosphere.

Mince, salt-added surimi, and low-salt surimi prepared from Atlantic pollock had different protein, NaCl, and carbohydrate levels. Samples of these products were steamed, cooled, and coinoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fragi . Jars containing modified atmosphere (MA)-stored samples were flushed so that initial headspace composition was 51% N2, 13% O2, and 36% CO2. These, and samples under air, were incubated at 5 and 13°C. Headspace composition of sample jars determined throughout storage at 5°C indicated that greater growth occurred on air-stored mince and low-salt surimi than on air-stored salt-added surimi, or on MA-stored samples. Colony counts of both species were appreciably reduced by the MA storage. In addition, the high salt level of salt-added surimi decreased growth of both species, although A. hydrophila was affected more than P. fragi . Results indicated that A. hydrophila was quite capable of competing with P. fragi on mince and low-salt surimi stored under air or MA at both 5 and 13°C.
Human Brain Endothelial Cells (HUBEC) Can Expand Both Human Bone Marrow and Cord Blood SCID-Repopulating Cells (SRC) through Cell Contact Rather Than Soluble Factors.

Human brain endothelial cells (HUBEC), a U.S. Navy proprietary cell line, was reported previously by Chute et al as a promising co-culture ex vivo expansion system for both adult bone marrow (ABM) and cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). a , b , c We report here our results of using HUBEC in ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment assay using NOD-SCID mice. CD34 + enriched fresh ABM was obtained using the method as described previously. a , b However, we used frozen CB and the same cytokines for both ABM and CB expansion whereas Chute et al used fresh CB and different cytokines. Ex vivo expansion studies for both ABM and CB were performed for 7 days in the HUBEC coated plates with previously reported cell density and cytokine cocktail containing GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, SCF, and flt-3 (GM36SF) in IMDM 10% FBS media. a HSC injections and BM harvesting of NOD-SCID mice as well as flow cytometric analysis were performed using the methods of Chute et al. a NOD-SCID mice were transplanted with limiting doses of either fresh ABM CD34 + cells or freshly thawed CB CD34 + . The progeny of the identical doses of ABM CD34+ or the progeny of the identical doses of CB CD34 + cells was then transplanted. Culture with GM36SF alone resulted in a 15.5-fold and 70-fold increase in total cells, a 3.4-fold and 32-fold increase in CD34+ cells, and a 4.8-fold and 4.1-fold increase in CD34+/CD38- cells for ABM and CB, respectively. In contrast, HUBEC co-culture with GM36SF yielded a 25-fold and 48-fold increase in total cells, a 8.9-fold and 13-fold increase in CD34+ cells, and 114-fold and 106-fold increase in CD34+/CD38- cells for ABM and CB, respectively. HUBEC co-culture without GM36SF supported a 1.0-fold and 1.0-fold increase in total cells, a 0.06-fold and 0.1-fold increase in CD34+ cells, and 0.25-fold and 0.2-fold increase in CD34+/CD38- cells for ABM and CB. HUBEC co-culture with GM36SF and transwell (non-contact culture) resulted in a 20-fold and 48-fold increase in total cells, a 6-fold and 8-fold increase in CD34+ cells, and a 32-fold and 38-fold increase in CD34+/CD38- cells for ABM and CB. Overall, the transwell expansion of CD34+/CD38- population in both ABM and CB was reduced to 30% of that achieved in the contact culture. ABM CD34+ cells (5 x 10 5 ) engrafted 60% and the progeny of 5 x 10 5 cultured in the HUBEC monolayer with GM36SF engrafted in 90% of transplanted mice. CB CD34+ cells (1 x 10 4 ) engrafted 27% and the progeny 1 x 10 4 CB CD34+ cells cultured in the HUBEC monolayer with GM36SF engrafted 64% of NOD-SCID mice. SRC frequencies calculated as a 3.12-fold and 2.7-fold increase in CD34+ enriched ABM and CB, respectively, which was less than reported previously. a , b In summary, HUBEC supports and expands SRC mainly through cell-to-cell contact between HSC and endothelial cells, with HUBEC-secreted factors playing a minor role.
Reversible control of solubility using functionalized nanoparticles

The paper provides a novel method for the reversible control of solubility by use of functionalized nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are functionalized with functional groups that can act as a co-solvent or anti-solvent and thus can induce either dissolution or crystallization. The process is reversible, as the solution will go back to its original state when the nanoparticles are removed. The use of magnetic nanoparticles facilitates this reversibility. Reductions in solubility (and thus crystallization) were demonstrated for D-mannitol–water, sodium chloride–water and fenofibrate–ethyl acetate systems. An increase in solubility (and thus dissolution) was demonstrated for the benzoic acid–water system and the 4-nitrophenol–water system. Reversible manipulation of solubility can be used to reduce solvent usage in dissolution and crystallization by elimination of the need for an antisolvent or co-solvent.
Knowledge of earnings risk and major choice: Evidence from an information experiment

Abstract Policymakers increasingly seek to inform students about the expected economic returns to different college majors. Less attention has been given to the earnings risk of major choice. In this paper, we use an experiment to study the impact of an information intervention by providing individuals with data that show the earnings risk of a major choice. Our intervention allows us to compare earnings risk and major preferences among a group who is informed about earnings risk compared to a group not given information about risk. Our results show that individuals who see information about earnings risk form different earnings risk estimates and preferences over majors than individuals who see median earnings only. These differences show the negative consequences of making academic major decisions when holding incorrect estimates of earnings risk, and suggest the value of including earnings risk in tools such as college scorecards to inform students.
Resilience Processes during Cosmology Episodes: Lessons Learned from the Haiti Earthquake:

The Haiti earthquake of January 2010 serves as an anchor for a new field of research on the role of spirituality in international large-scale catastrophes. Using the case study of one Haitian grand...
RhoA as a target to promote neuronal survival and axon regeneration

Paralysis following spinal cord injury (SCI) is due to failure of axonal regeneration. It is believed that the capacities of neurons to regrow their axons are due partly to their intrinsic characteristics, which in turn are greatly influenced by several types of inhibitory molecules that are present, or even increased in the extracellular environment of the injured spinal cord. Many of these inhibitory molecules have been studied extensively in recent years. It has been suggested that the small GTPase RhoA is an intracellular convergence point for signaling by these extracellular inhibitory molecules, but due to the complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) in mammals, and the limitation of pharmacological tools, the specific roles of RhoA are unclear. By exploiting the anatomical and technical advantages of the lamprey CNS, we recently demonstrated that RhoA knockdown promotes true axon regeneration through the lesion site after SCI. In addition, we found that RhoA knockdown protects the large, identified reticulospinal neurons from apoptosis after their axons were axotomized in spinal cord. Therefore, manipulation of the RhoA signaling pathway may be an important approach in the development of treatments that are both neuroprotective and axon regeneration-promoting, to enhance functional recovery after SCI.
Towards mobile immersive analysis: A study of applications

The latest new technologies of virtual and mixed realities are ready to be commercialized. Their innovative communication channels have created new opportunities and challenges for visualization and visual analytics. At this stage, it is important to understand the state-of-the-art of relevant technologies as well as the impacts to the research fields. This position paper presents the key features of mobile, immersive environments that are different from traditional visualization and visual analytics systems. Through a study of applications in the mixed reality, we present a rich example set of capabilities and applications that address discovery and visual communication in real-world uses. We hope that this work will provide references and promote the research on the topic of immersive visualization and visual analytics.
Alcoholism and Affective Disorders

A relationship between alcoholism and affective disorder has been noted by clinicians since the terms manic-depressive and dipsomania were coined. In fact the term dipsomania, the alcoholism of the old nomenclature, was based on the assumption that the mania to drink was a periodic phenomena — and thus closely related to manicdepressive disorder.
Prevalence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4-IgG in patients in the optic neuritis treatment trial

Importance Autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are recently established biomarkers of autoimmune optic neuritis whose frequency and accompanying phenotype, especially for MOG-IgG, are still being characterized. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) was a well-known randomized clinical trial in optic neuritis; therefore, knowledge of the serostatus and accompanying phenotype of these patients would be useful to determine the frequency of these antibodies in patients presenting with typical monocular optic neuritis and their outcomes. Objectives To determine the AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG serostatus of patients within the ONTT and describe the clinical features of seropositive patients. Design, Setting, and Participants In this follow-up study of the randomized clinical trial, ONTT, conducted between July 1, 1988, and June 30, 1991, analysis of serum for AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG was performed from January 1 to April 30, 2017. A total of 177 patients from the ONTT with acute optic neuritis and serum available for analysis were enrolled from 13 academic referral centers. Interventions Analysis of serum for AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG was performed at Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory in 2017 with a flow cytometry, live cell, AQP4- and MOG-transfected cell-based assay. Main Outcomes and Measures Aquaporin-4–IgG and MOG-IgG serostatus. Results Of the 177 patients in the study (135 women and 42 men; mean [SD] age, 32.8 [6.9] years), 3 were positive for MOG-IgG (1.7%) and none were positive for AQP4-IgG. All 3 patients positive for MOG-IgG had disc edema at presentation. Two patients later had a single episode of recurrent optic neuritis. All 3 patients had complete recovery of visual acuity, and none were corticosteroid dependent, although peripheral visual field loss persisted in 1 patient. None of the 3 patients positive for MOG-IgG had demyelinating lesions on magnetic resonance imaging scans, and none had developed multiple sclerosis at the 15-year follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance Frequency of MOG-IgG was rare in the ONTT, and AQP4-IgG was not found in patients in the ONTT. Characteristics of patients positive for MOG-IgG in the ONTT support the previously described phenotype of MOG-IgG optic neuritis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–related disease appears to be a different entity than multiple sclerosis. Overall, AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG may be less common in isolated optic neuritis than previously reported.
Heat transfer analysis and resolution quantification of active dynamic thermography through human skin

Objectives Active dynamic thermography (ADT) is a non-contact imaging technique that characterizes non-homogeneities in thermal conductance through objects as a response to applied energy stimulus. The aim of this study was to (i) develop a heat transfer model to define the relationship between thermal stimulation and resolution and (ii) empirically quantify the resolution an ADT imaging system can detect through a range of depths of human skin. Materials and methods A heat transfer model was developed to describe a thermally non-conductive object below a sheet of skin. The size and depth of the object were varied to simulate wound conditions, while the intensity and duration of thermal stimulation were varied to define stimulation parameters. The model was solved by numerical analysis. For ex vivo experimentation, freshly excised human pannus tissue was cut into sheets of thickness 2.54-6.35 × 10-4 m (0.010-0.025vinches) for a total of 48 grafts from 12 patients. Grafts were placed over a 3D printed resolution target with objects ranging from 0.445-0.125 LP/mm. Stimulation from a 300 W halogen lamp array was applied for 0.5-14 seconds for a total of 480 experiments. Results ADT resolved a peak of 0.428 ± 0.025 LP/mm for 2.54 × 10-4 m (0.010 inches) skin thickness, 0.384 ± 0.030 LP/mm for 3.81 × 10-4 m (0.015 inches), 0.325 ± 0.042 LP/mm for 5.08 × 10-4 m (0.020 inches) and 0.249 ± 0.057 LP/mm for 6.35 × 10-4 m (0.025 inches) skin thickness. Additionally, it was determined that the ideal duration of stimulation energy with a 300 W stimulation system was 4 seconds for 2.54 × 10-4 m, 6 seconds for 3.81 × 10-4 m, 8 seconds for 5.08 × 10-4 m, and 14 seconds for 6.35 × 10-4 m skin thickness. Conclusions This study has characterized the correlation between thermal stimulus input and resolvable object size and depth for ADT. Through ex vivo experimentation it has also quantified the functional imaging depth to below the sub-cutis, beyond that of conventional imaging techniques. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ruminations on Union Organizing in the Private Sector

The labor movement in the United States is in trouble. This fact is now widely accepted even by leaders of the AFL-CIO. It is also generally agreed that loss of membership and failure to organize are the most powerful indications of the movement's decline. One of the few bright spots from the perspective of a union supporter is that labor seems finally to have rediscovered the crucial significance of organizing. The recently concluded AFL-CIO convention was largely devoted to organizing manifestos and plans.' Despite this awakening there is still disagreement and confusion about the causes or cures for labor's organizing setbacks. The official view held by a majority of labor leaders is that organizing failures are largely attributable to the changing workforce and to management's increasing use of sophisticated union-busting techniques without interference by the currently anti-labor National Labor Relations Board. The trend could be reversed by reforming labor law, or by changing the membership of the Board. Short of that, unions must appeal to the employees' self-interest by becoming direct providers of economic benefits, and by promising that union benefits will continue regardless of the waning power of the labor movement.2 This view is a comfortable one for organized labor because it locates the causes of labor's difficulties outside the unions' areas of control and responsibility. There is a minority view, however, which holds that labor's
Reason and Practice

In this essay I shall argue for the primacy of practice over reason. In doing this, I shall lend support to one of Feyerabend’s most controversial claims, namely, that epistemological anarchism applies to logic. The primacy of practice, however, has the consequence of providing an external and objective standard of rationality, and this, I shall show, refutes the Protagorean relativism Feyerabend advocates.
STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ENZYME COMPONENTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEPATIC-MICROSOMAL OXIDATION OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the studies on the characterization of the enzyme components participating in the hepatic microsomal oxidation of aliphatic alcohols. The profound difference in the response of the various alcohols to the widely different classes of inhibitor used is in sharp contradiction to the postulate that the metabolism of all primary alcohols in hepatic microsomes is mediated by a common catalyst. The observation that alcohol oxidation is markedly inhibited by the pyrazole derivatives provides strong presumptive evidence for the role of ADH in these reactions. The facts that the degree of inhibition exhibited by these compounds effectively increased in the same direction with the known specificity of ADH for aliphatic alcohols, and the ability of 3-AP-NAD to replace NADPH in supporting these reactions, reinforce the conclusion that the metabolism of higher alcohols in catalyzed almost exclusively by ADH. The data presented in the chapter are also consistent with the interpretation that catalase and ADH participate almost to the same extent in the metabolism of ethanol, whereas it seems clear that the oxidation of methanol proceeds almost exclusively via the peroxidatic reaction of catalase.
2.5 – Reactions of Activated Dienes with Aldehydes

The reaction of activated dienes with aldehydes is emerging as a powerful tool in the synthesis of natural products.1–4 This chapter reviews the major contributions that have led to the discovery and use of this reaction in organic synthesis. The first part of the chapter discusses the mechanism of the reaction, the second part describes the use of chiral aldehydes, chiral dienes and chiral catalysts in controlling stereochemistry, and the last section outlines applications in the synthesis of natural products.
Cognitive Dysfunction and Other Comorbidities: Cognitive Consequences of Seizures Early in Life: Insights from the Kainic Acid Model

Seizures in the neonatal period and early childhood are associated with numerous cognitive and behavioral consequences in humans. Parallel studies in animal models have corroborated those deficits, and offer the opportunity to elucidate mechanisms by which seizures induce cognitive impairments in the developing brain. The experimental program described here uses the glutamate analog kainic acid (KA) to induce seizures at various postnatal ages; subsequently, cognitive and behavioral consequences of the seizures are examined. The KA model mimics acquired complex partial seizures with secondary generalization. Using the KA model, investigators have established that cognitive consequences of seizures are age dependent – adult rodents exhibit significant cognitive problems and deficits in learning and memory following KA seizures, while young animals exhibit qualitatively similar though less-severe deficits. These cognitive deficits in the immature brain are independent of neuronal cell death and significant axonal reorganization. The mechanisms by which seizures early in life cause adverse cognitive sequelae are under investigation. Ultimately, the goal is to develop strategies to prevent cognitive deficits in young patients with seizures.
N footprint and the nexus between C and N footprints

Nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient for sustaining human existence. It requires a holistic approach for assessment of nitrogen management. Footprint measures are one of the most widely used approaches for informing sustainable choices of products or processes. In this chapter, the methodology for nitrogen footprint calculation is reviewed and the techniques for footprint calculation on various scales are illustrated. Further, the interaction between carbon and nitrogen footprints for decision-making is crucial to avoid the pitfalls of trade-offs in decision-making for sustainable choices. A case study is used for illustration purposes and to study nitrogen footprint and the nexus between the carbon and nitrogen footprint.
Emotional Intelligence and School-Based Bullying Prevention and Intervention

Bullying among all students continues to be a concern for students, parents, and educators, with harmful detrimental academic and psychological effects. With legislation mandating that schools address the phenomenon, school officials are faced with the decision of selecting a program that meets the unique needs for its students and teachers, while maximizing its potential to reduce bullying. School-based prevention and intervention efforts to reduce bullying are often predicated on theories that assume that bullying involvement stems from an interaction among individual characteristics of youth, parental factors, peer influences, school environment, and societal influences. In this chapter, we discuss the definition and prevalence of bullying and explore the different individual and contextual influences on bullying involvement according to the social-ecological model of bullying. Many of these influences are connected to the concepts of emotional intelligence (EI) and social-emotional learning (SEL). We review a number of school-based prevention programs that align with the constructs of EI and SEL and provide opportunities for youth to learn social-emotional skills that are associated with decreases in bullying and other forms of aggression. Successful elements of these programs include use of multimedia, classroom rules, teacher training, psycho-educational information for parents, and cooperative group work. These programs are evaluated in terms of effectiveness for bullying prevention and how they are consistent with EI and SEL approaches. Considerations for schools when selecting a program are discussed.
Performance and clinical utility of a short violence risk screening tool in U.S. adults with mental illness.

Risk assessment instruments are typically long, costly, and resource-intensive. Thus, a short, easily administered preliminary screening tool can increase the efficiency of the subsequent violence risk assessment process. A preliminary tool can identify those at low risk of violence so that they can be screened out of the process of further violence risk assessment. Recently, Singh, Grann, Lichtenstein, Langstrom, and Fazel (2012) used data drawn from national registries to develop a short screening tool for a sample of Swedish adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. The screening tool included 5 items: male sex, previous criminal conviction, under 32 years of age, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse. The current study examines the predictive validity and clinical utility of the screening tool developed by Singh et al. (2012) in predicting community-based violence over 6-month and 12-month durations in U.S. adults with schizophrenia (n = 3,471) and the generalizability of those findings to the assessment of violence risk in adults with other primary diagnoses. Results demonstrated that the screening tool performed reasonably well at screening out individuals who did not commit violence during follow-up; however, the screening tool did not perform as well at identifying individuals who did commit violence during follow-up. Although those who screened positive were about twice as likely to engage in violence in the 6-month follow-up period, by the 12-month follow-up there was little difference in likelihood of engaging in violence between participants who were screened in and those who were screened out. Overall, findings of the present study do not provide compelling support for the clinical utility of the screening tool in its current form. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Successful Strategies for Using Knowledge Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

: The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use to effectively integrate knowledge management (KM) into business practices. The study population comprised of five managers from two SMEs operating in Uganda. The eligibility criteria were that participants had to be managers from Ugandan SMEs with a knowledge-intensive environment, with some responsibility of KM in the organization, and experienced with at least 1 year of successful KM practices. The conceptual framework for this study was theory z. Data were collected through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, and reviews of company documents. Member checking was completed to strengthen credibility and trustworthiness
Family Emotional Security and Problem Drinking Among Young Adult Males in Romantic Relationships

The current study evaluated the unique associations between three dimensions of emotional security in the family system (security, disengagement, and preoccupation) and problem drinking among roman...
Surfacing disciplinarity: Citation as a site for integrative learning:

Despite nearly ubiquitous general education requirements for students to take courses across disciplines, disciplinarity itself is often invisible to students and taken for granted by professors. W...
Identification of bone lesions on PET/CT imaging: A comparison of PET to CT detection capabilities.

2723 Objectives In cancer patients, the detection of bone metastases has a direct impact on the staging and management of their disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of PET/CT in the detection of bone metastases and to compare the sensitivity of PET to that of CT. Methods 2000 PET/CT reports from January 2013 to November 2014 were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of bone lesions with or without corresponding CT changes in the low dose unenhanced CT portion of PET/CT. A log was kept to record the presence of PET and CT bone lesions. A negative CT recording referred to having no lytic or blastic change on the bone window. The presence or absence of bone metastasis was evaluated based on all available pathological and clinical data. Results Of the 2000 cancer patients’ PET/CT reports reviewed, 146 reported suspected bone lesions (7.3%). Of those 146 scans, 105 (72%) were positive on both PET and CT. The remaining 41 (28%) had PET positive/ CT negative bone lesions. Bone metastasis was confirmed in 38 of the 41 (93%) detected only by PET, which was based on biopsy, imaging or clinical follow-up. The primary malignancies in these 38 patients included: 8 lymphoma, 10 lung, 6 breast, 4 melanoma, 3 head and neck, 2 gastrointestinal, 2 multiple myeloma, and 3 leukemia. Of the remaining 3/41 (7%), one had a negative bone biopsy and 2 had no follow-up. Conclusions The detection of bone metastasis is not uncommon in FDG PET/CT imaging (7.3%). When bone lesions were detected by PET/CT, 72% were positive on both PET and CT. However, PET demonstrated an FDG-avid lesion without a CT abnormality in at least 38/146 (26%) of cases. We conclude that PET is more sensitive than CT in patients with cancer.