cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of L2 vocabulary acquisition under incidental and intentional conditions

Vocabulary development is indisputably a vital aspect of second language acquisition. In spite of the abundant attention it has garnered over the past few decades, it remains unclear how adult learners fare with intentional and incidental ways of learning. The current study investigated the effects of intentional learning (via studying a word list), incidental learning (via reading), and combined intentional-andincidental learning (via studying a word list followed by reading) conditions on 30 adult learners’ second language vocabulary acquisition. Vocabulary acquisition was measured in terms of percentage gains as well as changes in the depth of vocabulary knowledge. Results showed that while both the intentional and incidental modes of learning led to vocabulary gains, the combined intentional-and-incidental condition resulted in significantly greater gains than either the intentional-only or the incidentalonly condition. No significant differences were found between the incidental-only and intentional-only conditions.
Practically Perfect Hindcasts of Severe Convective Storms

AbstractThis study presents and examines a modern climatology of U.S. severe convective storm frequency using a kernel density estimate to showcase various aspects of climatological risk. Results a...
Unpacking the Library

Many scholars have spent long hours in South Asia’s libraries, from grand institutions like Kolkata’s National Library and Mumbai’s David Sassoon Library to smaller collections belonging to local l...
Small-molecule inducible transcriptional control in mammalian cells

Tools for tuning transcription in mammalian cells have broad applications, from basic biological discovery to human gene therapy. While precise control over target gene transcription via dosing wit...
The Intersectional Growth Model: The Satir Growth Model Informed by Intersectional Feminism

The Satir Growth Model (SGM) is one of the foundational models in the couple/marriage and family therapy (C/MFT) field. Satir’s model lacks the overt use of a critical lens for conceptualizing power related to the intersection of race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. Retrospective analyses of Satir’s work suggest that she did not avoid gendered issues of power in practice yet the SGM model does not offer specific instruction on how to work with these constructs in systemic therapy. This paper delineates the application of intersectional feminism onto Satir’s growth model as a critical lens for conceptualizing systems of power and oppression and the resulting impact on client lives. Intersectional feminism modernizes Satir’s Growth Model by bringing a foundational C/MFT model into alignment with the present emphasis on diversity and social justice in the systemic therapy fields. This manuscript provides a concise summary of SGM and highlights the need for infusing SGM with intersectional feminism to produce the Intersectional Growth Model (IGM). An overview of the key critically-informed tenets and assumptions of the intersectional growth model (IGM) is provided. Practices related to goals, the therapeutic relationship, assessment, diagnosis, interventions, and the change process are described.
The Impact of Residing in a Gang Territory on Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Los Angeles

Gang violence remains an ongoing crisis in many communities in the United States. This paper assesses the potential association of gang-occupied neighborhoods with birth outcomes. Adverse birth outcomes serve as a "barometer" of population health, denoting both poor conditions for human development and portending future public health concerns. We draw upon (1) Los Angeles County Vital Statistics Birth Records (2008-2012), (2) GIS information on gang territory boundaries, (3) LA city geo-coded crime data, and (4) the 2010 U.S. Census and 2006-2010 American Community Survey. We find an association between gang-occupied neighborhoods and adverse birth outcomes; however, this association is largely explained by other neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics, crime notwithstanding. We also find that gangland neighborhoods tend to exacerbate the effects of crime for all birth outcomes, but only significantly so for small for gestational age births. Lastly, gang co-residence, crime, and other neighborhood demographics explain a substantial portion of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes. Gangland neighborhoods appear to be a novel contributor to both population health and health disparities. Future studies should address these relationships in a broad range of metropolitan settings, paying careful attention to causal linkages and moderating effects of gangs and crime.
Predictors of healthcare mistreatment among transgender and gender diverse individuals: Are there different patterns by patient race and ethnicity?

Using data from the 2015 United States Transgender Survey, this study investigates which patient sociodemographic characteristics and psychosocial risks are associated with likelihood of transgende...
massNet: integrated processing and classification of spatially resolved mass spectrometry data using deep learning for rapid tumor delineation

Abstract Motivation Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides rich biochemical information in a label-free manner and therefore holds promise to substantially impact current practice in disease diagnosis. However, the complex nature of MSI data poses computational challenges in its analysis. The complexity of the data arises from its large size, high dimensionality, and spectral non-linearity. Preprocessing, including peak picking, has been used to reduce raw data complexity, however peak picking is sensitive to parameter selection that, perhaps prematurely, shapes the downstream analysis for tissue classification and ensuing biological interpretation. Results We propose a deep learning model, massNet, that provides the desired qualities of scalability, non-linearity, and speed in MSI data analysis. This deep learning model was used, without prior preprocessing and peak picking, to classify MSI data from a mouse brain harboring a patient-derived tumor. The massNet architecture established automatically learning of predictive features, and automated methods were incorporated to identify peaks with potential for tumor delineation. The model’s performance was assessed using cross-validation, and the results demonstrate higher accuracy and a 174-fold gain in speed compared to the established classical machine learning method, support vector machine. Availability and Implementation The code is publicly available on GitHub.
Correlation of Retinal Structure and Visual Function Assessments in Mouse Diabetes Models.

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy results in vision loss with changes to both retinal blood vessels and neural retina. Recent studies have revealed that animal models of diabetes demonstrate early loss of visual function. We explored the time course of retinal change in three different mouse models of diabetes in a longitudinal study using in vivo measures of retinal structure (optical coherence tomography [OCT]) and visual function (optomotor and pupillary responses). Methods OCT analysis of retinal microstructure, optokinetic response as a measure of visual acuity, and pupillary response to light stimulation were compared among the db/db, Ins2Akita, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse models of diabetes at 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 months of diabetes. Results The db/db, Ins2Akita, and STZ-induced models of diabetes all exhibited vision loss and retinal thinning as disease progressed. Both structural changes and functional measures were significantly correlated with the blood glucose levels. Despite this, vision loss and retinal thinning were not consistently correlated, except for the inner retinal layer thickness at 6 months of diabetes. Conclusions This longitudinal study compiled structural measures and functional outcome data for type 1 and 2 diabetes mouse models commonly used for diabetes studies and demonstrated an overall decline in retinal-related health in conjunction with weight change and blood glucose alterations. The relationship between the structural change and functional outcome could be correlative but is not necessarily causative, as retinal thinning was not sufficient to explain visual acuity decline.
Characterization of the molten salt FMgNaK through ab initio molecular dynamics and experimental density measurements

Abstract The selection of a salt species for use in a molten salt reactor MSR is a key part of any MSR design. However, many salts have sparse or no thermophysical property data sets, especially those with higher melting points. One such salt is the eutectic mixture of (NaF)0.345(KF)0.59(MgF2)0.065, or FMgNaK, and is explored here through ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation (1023-1273K) as well as experimental measurement of the liquid density using the Archimedean method (973-1223K). Predicted densities from AIMD are similar to experimentally-measured densities, though with more noise, suggesting that the small scale necessitated by AIMD simulations may be problematic for simulating FMgNaK in particular. The coefficient of thermal expansion is predicted from simulation, and salt structure is characterized. Mg-F-Mg chaining is observed in the salt network, though the low concentration of Mg inhibits chaining on the scale that is observed in (LiF)0.67(BeF2)0.33, or FLiBe.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Elderly Patients with Early Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE Cancer patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may have worse outcomes than those without SLE, given their comorbidities. We examined survival in elderly women with breast cancer (BC) and SLE, and hypothesized that it would be decreased compared to women with BC but without SLE. METHODS We identified BC SLE and BC non-SLE patients in the Texas Cancer Registry, and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, linked to Medicare claims. Overall survival (OS) was estimated after matching (age and cancer stage), and in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for other cancer characteristics, treatment, and comorbidities. Two additional cohorts of women without cancer, with and without SLE, were also studied. RESULTS We identified 494 BC SLE cases and 145,517 BC non-SLE, of whom we matched 9708. Women with SLE were less likely to receive radiation, breast-conserving surgery or endocrine therapy. The 8-year OS estimate for women with early BC (stages 0-II) with and without SLE was 52% (95% confidence interval [CI] 45%-59%) and 74% (95% CI 73%-75%) respectively. In the Cox multivariable model, BC SLE had increased risk of death (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.98). Women with BC SLE also had increased risk of death compared to women with SLE but without cancer (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.92) after adjusting for SLE severity. Women with SLE and BC received less corticosteroids, antimalarials, and immunosuppressants, after cancer diagnosis than those without cancer. CONCLUSIONS Systemic lupus is a risk factor for increased mortality in women with early BC.
Immune-Based Methods

On infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are elicited in the host. This chapter reviews the recent advances toward the development of diagnostic tests for clinical and latent tuberculosis (TB) based on the identification of immunodominant antigens of M. tuberculosis and characterization of both the antibody and T-cell responses mounted by the host. The local in situ environment in the lung is different at these different stages; the bacterial loads vary, being significantly higher in individuals with cavitary lesions where the opportunity to replicate extracellularly exists. In recent years, several new antigens of M. tuberculosis have been cloned and evaluated for their serodiagnostic potential. The proteins present in culture filtrates of M. tuberculosis replicating in bacteriological media have been extensively evaluated based on the presumption that the same antigens would also be expressed by the in vivo replicating bacteria. The immune dysfunction caused by progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in high rates of reactivation of latent TB, an increased incidence of progression of infection to primary TB, and an accelerated course of disease progression. Cellular immune responses elicited on infection with M. tuberculosis involve the generation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets.
On Lawson’s Oriented Walk in Random Delaunay Triangulations

In this paper we study the performance of Lawson’s Oriented Walk, a 25-year old randomized point location algorithm without any preprocessing and extra storage, in 2-dimensional Delaunay triangulations. Given n pseudo-random points drawn from a convex set C with unit area and their Delaunay triangulation \(\mathcal{D}\), we prove that the algorithm locates a query point q in \(\mathcal{D}\) in expected \(O(\sqrt{n {\rm log }n})\) time. We also present an improved version of this algorithm, Lawson’s Oriented Walk with Sampling, which takes expected O(n 1/3) time. Our technique is elementary and the proof is in fact to relate Lawson’s Oriented Walk with Walkthrough, another well-known point location algorithm without preprocessing. Finally, we present empirical results to compare these two algorithms with their siblings, Walkthrough and Jump&Walk.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Cascade Facilitates μ-Opioid Desensitization in Sensory Neurons by Altering G-Protein-Effector Interactions

Signaling via G-protein-coupled receptors undergoes desensitization after prolonged agonist exposure. Here we investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream pathways in desensitization of micro-opioid inhibition of neuronal Ca2+ channels. In cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, two mechanistically different forms of desensitization were observed after acute or chronic treatment with the micro agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO). Chronic DAMGO desensitization was heterologous in nature and significantly attenuated by blocking the activity of PI3K or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). A combined application of PI3K and MAPK inhibitors showed no additive effect, suggesting that these two kinases act in a common pathway to facilitate chronic desensitization. Acute DAMGO desensitization, however, was not affected by the inhibitors. Furthermore, upregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway in mutant mice lacking phosphatase and tensin homolog, a lipid phosphatase counteracting PI3K, selectively enhanced chronic desensitization in a PI3K- and MAPK-dependent manner. Using the prepulse facilitation (PPF) test, we further examined changes in the voltage-dependent component of DAMGO action that requires direct interactions between betagamma subunits of G-proteins and Ca2+ channels. DAMGO-induced PPF was diminished after chronic treatment, suggesting disruption of G-protein-channel interactions. Such disruption could occur at the postreceptor level, because chronic DAMGO also reduced GTPgammaS-induced PPF that was independent of receptor activation. Again, inhibition of PI3K or MAPK reduced desensitization of PPF. Our data suggest that the PI3Kcascade involving MAPK and Akt enhances micro-opioid desensitization via postreceptor modifications that interfere with G-protein-effector interactions.
ROLE OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN MULTIPLICATION OF TYPE 5 ADENOVIRUS

Flanagan, John F. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia), and Harold S. Ginsberg. Role of ribonucleic acid biosynthesis in multiplication of type 5 adenovirus. J. Bacteriol. 87:977-987. 1964.-The requirement for ribonucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis in the multiplication of type 5 adenovirus was investigated by using radioactive phosphorus to label nucleic acids and two pyrimidine analogues, 6-azauridine and 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouridine, to inhibit synthesis of functional RNA. The data indicate that biosynthesis of RNA after infection is essential for production of virus-specific deoxyribonucleic acid, virus antigens, and infectious particles. The onset of essential RNA synthesis occurs 8 to 9 hr after virus infection and prior to the biosynthesis of other known virus-induced macromolecules.
Evaluation of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring- and Fall-Calving Beef Cows

Introduction Stored feeds make up almost half the cost of production for cow–calf enterprises in Iowa. Therefore, any reduction in the amount of stored feeds needed to maintain cows through the winter can have an impact on overall costs of maintaining the herd. Two resources that may be used to reduce the use of stored feeds are corn-crop residues and stockpiled perennial forages, which may be grazed during the winter. The objective of this experiment was to design and evaluate grazing systems to utilize such resources.
Nutritional support for the pregnant adolescent.

In 1990 the Weight Gain Subcommittee of the National Academy of Sciences of the US Institute of Medicine issued new recommendations formulated as weight gain ranges rather than as a specific weight gain number. Different ranges are delineated for normal weight underweight overweight and obese women. In addition attention is given to the pattern of weight gain over the course of the pregnancy. Although recommendations for adolescents were based on those for adult women adolescents are advised to gain on the high end of the weight gain range for their body mass index category. A method for distinguishing between growing and non-growing teens in a clinical setting has not been established. Most studies of pregnant adolescents conducted in the past 5-10 years have recorded average weight gains of 28-38 pounds--consistent with the current recommendations. A pattern of frequent small meals should result in an increased integrated blood glucose concentration without increased energy intake and weight gain and induce lower levels of insulin. High-carbohydrate low-fat diets may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin requirements while enhancing maternal glucose utilization. Optimal adolescent pregnancy outcomes depend however on development of a more detailed individualized approach to maternal nutrition.
Sensitive Caregiving Fosters the Comprehension of Speech: When Gestures Speak Louder than Words

Despite a variety of theoretical arguments to the contrary, sensitive caregiving makes an important contribution to the comprehension and emergence of speech. This research, informed by social ecological realism, documented that during the prelinguistic and one-word periods, caregivers routinely provided additional perceptual structure to their infants following communicative breakdowns. This sensitive adjusting of subsequent messages to infants contributed significantly to reaching a common understanding. Caregivers also modified their verbal messages in subsequent turns by making them more specific. In contrast, however, these elaborations did not contribute to achieving a practical consensus regarding ongoing events. These results suggest that the social ecological realist approach informing this research has important implications for theory, reviewing past empirical findings and future research. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast algorithm for Trummer's problem

We describe an algorithm of $O(n(\log n)^2 )$ arithmetic time complexity for computing the product ${\bf {By}}$, where ${\bf y}$ is a given vector and ${\bf B}$ is Trummer’s matrix defined by $b_{ij} = 1/(c_i - c_j )$ if $i \ne j$, and $b_{ij} = 0$ if $i = j$, for all $i,,j = 1, \cdots ,n$. The $c_i ,i = 1, \cdots ,n$ are assumed to be distinct. This problem arises in the computation of conformal mappings, the Riemann zeta function and Cauchy singular integrals.
Dipetalonema viteae: primary, secondary and tertiary infections in hamsters.

Abstract Hamsters were given primary infections of 100, 200, and 300 D. viteae larvae and groups killed at various intervals after infection. In addition, hamsters were sequentially infected with 100, 200, and 300 larvae and groups killed at 100 or 75 days after the secondary and tertiary infection, respectively. Blood microfilariae were detected on Day 60 following a primary infection, reached a maximum on Day 75, declined to low levels by Day 105, and were negative on Day 120. No microfilariae reappeared in the blood of hamsters given secondary or tertiary infections. Between 20–30% of the infecting larval dose had reached the adult stage by Days 75 or 100 postinfection in hamsters given primary, secondary, or tertiary infections. There was no evidence of arrested larval development in hamsters receiving a second or third challenge infection. Almost half of the tertiary infection hamsters developed subcutaneous nodules and their numbers varied greatly among individual animals. The nodules variously contained living worms, pus, and fragmented worms, or pus only. Hamsters given primary infections of 100, 200, or 300 larvae and killed 375 days after infection had no subcutaneous nodules; however, hamsters given the 200 and 300 larval infections were seen to have dead worms in the subcutaneous tissues. No stunting of adult worms was noted and all female worms had uteri packed with microfilariae.
Alkaline Degradation of 1,5-Anhydro-4-0-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-2,3,4-Tri-O-Methyl-D-Glucitol

Abstract The title compound (2) was degraded at 150-180°C in oxygen-free 0.5-2.5M aqueous NaOH. Degradation occurred by cleavage of both the glycosyl-oxygen bond (80-95%) and the oxygen-aglycon bond (5-20%). Cleavage of the glycosyl-oxygen bond yielded 1, 5-anhydro-2, 3, 6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucitol (5) from the aglycon. The reactive intermediate, 1, 6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, was formed from the glycosyl moiety in amounts (50-88%) dependent upon the reaction conditions. Cleavage of the oxygen-aglycon bond resulted in unidentified products, probably acidic and fragmentary in nature and quantified as a mass deficit. Data for cleavage of the glycosyl-oxygen bond is consistent with an SNicB(21) mechanism while that for oxygen-aglycon bond cleavage is consistent with an SN1 mechanism.
Apparent fracture toughness of dental porcelain with a metal substructure.

Abstract An indentitation technique was used to compare the apparent fracture toughness (K c ) and modulus of elasticity-to-hardness ratio (E/H) of metalceramic crowns with individual porcelain specimens. Five specimens of Vita VMK 68 body porcelain were made by hand condensation and vacuum-fired according to the manufacturer's instructions. Five metal-ceramic crowns were also made using Olympia metal and Vita VMK opaque and body porcelains. The specimens were gold-coated to enable the radial cracks formed on indentation with a Vickers microhardness tester to be more easily seen. An oil film was used to minimize slow crack growth due to atmospheric moisture. Three Knoop indentations were also made for E/H measurement. Mean K c was 1.91 MPa.m 1/2 for the restorations and 0.98 MPa.m 1/2 for the individual specimens. Mean E/H was 20.2 for the crowns and 11.6 for the disks. The apparent fracture toughness and elastic modulus-to-hardness ratio of metalceramic restorations was found to be significantly greater than that of individual porcelain specimens, presumably due to residual compressive stresses in their surface.
Selective Weighing of Individual Microparticles Using a Hybrid Micromanipulator-Nanomechanical Resonator System

We report a system based on a combination of a micromanipulator and a cantilever-based differential resonator for selecting and weighing individual micro-scale particles. Instead of relying on probabilistic attachment of particles on sensor surfaces, the system can specifically select and weigh individual micro-entities. The micromanipulator is able to move particles from a native media to the surface of a resonator that can weigh particles with pg-level resolution. The system allows individually manipulating and weighing a wide variety of entities that can be visualized under a microscope, ranging from cell spheres to spore clusters and single diatom algae.
The Cloze Technique and ESL Proficiency.

The variety of fill-in-blank test known as the “cloze” procedure is discussed as a device for teaching and testing ESL proficiency. Research with native speakers and the sparse literature available concerning studies with non-native speakers are explored briefly. An experiment is conducted to attempt to partially determine the discriminative power of a cloze test (scored by the exact-word method) and its validity as a device for measuring ESL skills. Students in beginning, intermediate, and advanced ESL along with two control groups of native (ENL) speakers (freshmen and graduates, respectively) are tested. Differentiation of levels of proficiency among the ESL groups seems adequate, but ENL freshmen are not significantly distinct from advanced ESL students though they are significantly inferior to KNL graduate students. The cloze test correlates best with the dictation (.82) on the UCLA ESLPE 2C, and next best with the reading section (.80): multiple correlation with all sections is .88. It is concluded that the cloze method is a very promising device for measuring ESL proficiency.
Metabolism of d-[I-14C]- and d-[6-14C] glucuronolactone by the ripening strawberry.

d-[1-14C] and d-[6-14C]glucuronolactone is metabolized by the detached ripening strawberry fruit to several six carbon acids including gulonic acid, l-ascorbic acid, d-galacturonic acid, and d-glucuronic acid. In addition, one of the acid intermediates is decarboxylated to yield free d-xylose from carbons 1 through 5 and CO2 from carbon 6 of d-glucuronolactone. A portion of carbons 1 through 5 is also utilized in sucrose synthesis and in pentose residues of cell-wall polysaccharides. The 14C distribution patterns and specific activities of the identified constituents suggest that two pathways of glucuronolactone utilization reside in the strawberry. The evidence for these pathways is discussed.
Comparison of different immunoprophylaxis regimens after liver transplantation with hepatitis B core antibody–positive donors: A systematic review†

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients without hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who receive liver grafts from antibody to hepatitis B core antigen-positive [HBcAb(+)], hepatitis B surface antigen-negative [HBsAg(-)] donors have an increased risk of developing de novo hepatitis B infection. We compared the 2 most commonly employed prophylactic regimens-lamivudine (LAM) monotherapy and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)+LAM combination therapy-to determine the relative efficacies of these 2 protocols in preventing de novo hepatitis B infection. A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE (1966 to June 2009), and bibliographies of retrieved trials was conducted. Eligible studies included OLT recipients who received HBcAb(+) liver grafts and were treated prophylactically with either LAM monotherapy or HBIG+LAM combination therapy. 13 studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. The rates of de novo hepatitis B infection, mortality, and mortality due to de novo hepatitis B infection were assessed. The incidence of de novo hepatitis B infection was 2.7% (n = 73) in patients receiving LAM-only prophylaxis versus 3.6% (n = 110) in patients receiving HBIG+LAM combination therapy. In the HBIG+LAM group, the dose and duration of HBIG therapy were highly variable. The median follow-up time for the LAM monotherapy group was 25.4 months with a range of 14.78 to 27.6 months, whereas the median follow-up time for the LAM+HBIG group was 31.1 months with a range of 15.3 to 38.5 months. The risk of developing de novo hepatitis B infection based on the pretransplant recipient HBV serology in each treatment group could not be calculated because of incomplete data and the limited number of de novo hepatitis B infection cases in the series reviewed. In conclusion, on the basis of these findings, we conclude that published studies have not shown HBIG+LAM combination therapy to be more effective than LAM-only treatment. Nucleoside analogue monotherapy should therefore be considered when one is treating HBV(-) patients who have received liver allografts from HBcAb(+) donors.
Thermal injury caused by hot pack application in hypothermic children

A three-year 1 l-month-old boy fell through a layer of ice into a pond. When retrieved about 15 minutes later, he was apneic and pulseless. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was begun. and two varieties of hot packsS§ were placed on his abdomen and back to initiate field rewarming. On arrival at the emergency department a physician noticed that one hot pack was painfully hot and removed the packs. After 20-30 minutes of continued CPR, a heart beat without perfusion was noted. After 45 minutes in the emergency department, effective perfusion and spontaneous respiration returned, but core temperature had fallen to 29°C. Further warming was done in a bath of 38-39°C water. Burns were noticed at the sites of one type of hot pack+ prior to transfer to intensive care (Fig. 1). Subsequent therapy included intracranial pressure monitoring and therapy with hyperventilation, paralysis, mannitol, and pentobarbital coma. During a 1 ‘iz-month hospitalization, he slowly regained speech and ambulation, but developed a hyperactive behavior disorder and did not regain his pre-injury mental development. Several well-circumscribed third degree burns were present on his anterior and posterior trunk and inner arms. They required serial excision, pigskin coverage, and eventual homografting.
Normal-State Electronic Properties of Sn 0.12 Eu 1.08 Mo 6 S 8 at Low Temperature and High Pressure

Abstract The Hall coefficient and resistivity of Sn0.12Eu1.08Mo6S8 have been measured over the range 1.5 100 K. A band model is proposed which is qualitatively consistent with the data.
Current and Emerging Therapies in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Current studies of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) show promise for improving the treatment for this previously difficult to cure neoplasm. This has been facilitated by the increased understanding of the molecular basis of leukemogenesis in T-cells as well as advanced analytical technologies in modern molecular biology. Combined with intensive conventional therapies, novel drugs as well as improved diagnostic protocols have been developed for the rational therapy of T-ALL, resulting in a cure rate up to 80%. An understanding of the detailed molecular mechanism of action for T-ALL specific alterations in gene expression has led to the design and development of targeted molecular therapies of this aggressive cancer. Several novel, target-specific drugs are now available, including mitotic inhibitors with more specificity and potency for growth inhibition, γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) for leukemic NOTCHI signaling blockage in T-ALL as well as growth inhibition, tyrosine kinase inhibitors for correction of uncontrolled proliferation caused by certain genetic lesions, and inhibitors of BCL2 proteins leading to sensitization of leukemic cells to apoptosis induction. Some of these drugs are under development in the different phase of clinic trials, but others are currently included in successful therapeutic protocols, and, as hoped, they cause the remission of patients that suffered from certain types of T-ALLs, and who previously were poor responders using conventional treatment protocols. However, these new approaches still often need to be combined with highly toxic conventional treatment to obtain satisfactory overall outcome. The encouraging achievements in targeted molecular therapy challenge researchers to achieve no-event complete remission in T-ALL patient by developing novel therapies with even more specific targeting and efficacy to minimize complications. Finally, with the development of targeted molecular therapy, rational approaches for individually tailored treatment of T-ALL patients in the near future now may be an achievable goal.
Eosinophil peroxidase catalyzes bromination of free nucleosides and double-stranded DNA

Chronic parasitic infections are a major risk factor for cancer development in many underdeveloped countries. Oxidative damage of DNA may provide a mechanism linking these processes. Eosinophil recruitment is a hallmark of parasitic infections and many forms of cancer, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a secreted hemoprotein, plays a central role in oxidant production by these cells. However, mechanisms through which EPO may facilitate DNA oxidation have not been fully characterized. Here, we show that EPO effectively uses plasma levels of bromide as a cosubstrate to brominate bases in nucleotides and double-stranded DNA, forming several stable novel brominated adducts. Products were characterized by HPLC with on-line UV spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS). Ring assignments for brominated purine bases as their 8-bromo adducts were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Using stable isotope dilution LC/ESI/MS/MS, we show that while guanine is the preferred purine target...
Optimizing the transient Fast Agro-mediated Seedling Transformation (FAST) method in Catharanthus roseus seedlings.

Key message AnAgro-mediated transformation method has been adapted inCatharanthus roseusseedlings for transient overexpression. Our results suggest thatAgro-mediated methods may induce defense-related genes, which should be considered in its application.
Novel Regulation of Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Modification of Amyloid Precursor Protein and Its Homologue, APLP2

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of parenchymal and cerebrovascular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ). Aβ is derived from larger amyloid precursor proteins (APP), a member of a family of related polypeptides that includes amyloid precursor-like proteins, APLP1 and APLP2. APP and APLP2 isoforms are encoded by several alternatively spliced APP and APLP2 transcripts, respectively. We previously reported that the APLP2-751 isoform is modified by the addition of chondroitin sulfate glycosminoglycan (CS GAG) at Ser-614. In this report, we demonstrate that the APLP2-763 isoform, which contains an insertion of 12 amino acids immediately N-terminal to Ser-614, is not modified by CS GAG. Finally, we demonstrate that like APLP2-751, APP isoforms that lack sequences encoded by exon 15 (L-APP) are also modified by CS GAG, whereas APP forms containing exon 15 are not. We suggest that CS GAG modification of a subset of APP and APLP2 isoforms represents a means of generating functional diversity for these polypeptides.
USE OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED NUCLEOTIDES TO DETERMINE A 62-NUCLEOTIDE RNA CRYSTAL STRUCTURE: A SURVEY OF PHOSPHOROTHIOATES, BR, PT AND HG

Two important challenges confronting RNA crystallographers are producing crystals and finding isomorphous heavy-atom derivatives. Non-isomorphism can be addressed by determining the phases using the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method. These phases can be greatly improved by combining phases from MAD experiments done on different heavy-atom derivatives. Heavy-atom derivatives can be created by chemically modifying the RNA through covalent attachment of bromine or mercury to C5 of pyrimidines or [Pt(NH3)3]2+ to N7 of guanine. While phosphorothioates can provide mercury binding sites, disorder can reduce their value for phase determination. The location of these chemical modifications is critical since crystallization of these derivatized RNAs is sensitive to heavy atom induced conformational alterations and crystal packing.
Justice and health care in the rheumatic diseases.

Coping with a chronic disease is a formidable challenge. Owing to the disabling consequences of their underlying conditions, individuals who suffer with a chronic rheumatic disease have especially daunting lives with their existence often dominated by their health-related needs. Due to the high prevalence, the demographic distribution, indeed the very nature of the rheumatic diseases, too many sufferers of these conditions in our society remain disenfranchised with respect to their access to health care. Those who come from already disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances face particularly difficult challenges. Rheumatologists and their allied health professionals, therefore, have a moral obligation to ensure greater fairness to their patients—those already compromised by the natural lottery that gave them their disease. To enhance the appreciation of this problem and to motivate the rheumatic disease community, we attempt to identify those variables that create the need for and imperil access to medical care for the rheumatic diseases. The implications of these observations are then explored from the ethical perspective of justice. We conclude with suggestions as to how to change the health care system to address these problems.
Evaluating the impact of Mexico's land reform on agricultural productivity

Abstract In Mexico, land reform law and the terms of credit access suggest a priori that farmers in the land reform ( ejido ) sector should be less productive than private farmers. Analysis of studies comparing the productivity of individual ejido parcels and small private holdings, however, reveals no significant difference between the two sectors. Between tenure categories there is a de jure but not a de facto difference in small farmers' control over resources, partly because farmers circumvent restrictions implicit in the land reform. The case for formal privatization of the ejido sector may be less compelling than has been suggested.
Removal of a Knotted Swan-Ganz Catheter

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] A 72-year-old woman presented with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and was successfully resuscitated. She remained in hemodynamic shock. A Swan-Ganz catheter was placed through the right internal jugular vein in the coronary
Physiological responses of beef cattle to Gulf Coast tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations

Nine yearling crossbred beef steers, Bos taurus L., were used to examine physiological responses to Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, infestation. Steers were stanchioned indoors in individual environmentally controlled rooms. On day 0, each animal received 0, 25, or 75 pairs of ticks. Physiological variables measured daily were feed intake, heart rates, rectal temperatures, and respiration rates. Blood samples were collected from each animal on days 7, 21, and 42 for serum constituent analysis. To monitor metabolic hormone status, intensive blood samples were collected hourly for 6 h on days 21 and 42. Throughout the treatment period, feed intake values were similar among treatments resulting in comparable body weight at the end of the trial. Heart rates and rectal temperatures were unaffected, however, respiration rates of steers infested with 25 pairs of ticks were higher than the other treatment groups. Treatment effects were detected in uric acid concentrations on day 7 in steers infested with 75 pairs of ticks. Treatment effects were detected in total, direct and indirect bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and aspartate amino transferase concentrations. Likewise, creatine kinase concentrations were higher in the tick-infested steers on day 7. Elevated white blood cell counts were observed in tick-infested steers. All other serum components were similar and were within their normal ranges. Serum insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, and cortisol concentrations were unaffected by tick infestations. Gulf coast tick infestation resulted in altered blood composition indicative of infection caused by tick feeding habits.
Substrate effects on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of a gold-based braze filler metal

Oxidation testing was conducted on a commercial gold-based braze alloy, Gold ABA®, and on zirconia/stainless steel couples joined using this filler metal. Preliminary results reveal that both substrates play a significant role in determining the overall oxidation behavior of the brazed joint.
Immunogenetics of the polyglandular failure syndrome

Abstract Addison's disease, Graves' disease, thyroiditis, hypoparathyroidism, hypogonadism, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, vitiligo and pernicious anemia are included in the polyglandular failure syndrome. This review focuses on the association of these illnesses with specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and organ specific autoimmunity. The prevalence of HLA-B8, HLA-Bw15 and HLA-Dw3 is increased in these disorders. The HLA region of chromosome 6 controls multiple immune functions. The common HLA associations and evidence of autoimmunity in the polyglandular failure diseases suggests that gene products of chromosome 6 contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Compact and stable multibeam fiber injector

A compact and stable 20-beam injector was built for launching laser light into fibers for Fabry Perot velocity measurements of shock-driven surfaces. The fiber injector uses commercial mounts on mini-rails. Dielectric-coated beamsplitters provide accurate amplitude division. Minimal adjustments for stable operation are permitted by the use of a real-time video-viewer. The video system includes a non-linear camera for CW alignment and a linearized camera with a frame grabber for pulsed measurement and analysis. All 20-injection points are displayed on a single monitor. Optical requirements are given for image relay and magnification. Stimulated Brillouin scattering limitations on high-power are quantified.
Local control of α1-proteinase inhibitor levels: regulation of α1-proteinase inhibitor in the human cornea by growth factors and cytokines

Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is a major serine proteinase inhibitor in the human cornea involved in the protection of the avascular corneal tissue against proteolytic damage. This inhibitor is upregulated systemically during infection, inflammation and injury. Cytokines that mediate the acute phase response such as IL-1beta and IL-2 increased alpha1-proteinase inhibitor present in corneal organ culture media. This released inhibitor represented mainly newly synthesized protein. However, IL-6, a general inducer of the acute phase response that upregulates alpha1-proteinase inhibitor in all other tissues and cells tested, failed to alter corneal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor levels over the tested period of 24 h. In addition to IL-1beta and IL-2, alpha1-proteinase inhibitor levels in the corneal organ culture medium increased following the addition of FGF-2 and IGF-I. The effect of the above growth factors and cytokines was relatively fast with maximal induction observed within the first 5 h. Among the tested growth factors and cytokines, IL-1beta was the most potent and increased total corneal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor levels approximately 2.4-fold in the cornea organ culture medium. Newly, synthesized alpha1-proteinase secreted into the medium increased 3.9-fold. In addition to the effect on corneal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, IL-1beta also increased the amount of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor released by monocytes and macrophages but not by HepG2, CaCo2, and MCF-7 cells within 24 h. These results suggest that the cornea can locally control levels of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor in response to an inflammatory insult.
A school-based intervention can reduce body fat and blood pressure in young adolescents.

Abstract Purpose: To determine the effect of increasing the aerobic component of the school's physical activity program and improving the knowledge about weight control and blood pressure on the blood pressure and body fat of early adolescents. Methods: The subjects were 1140 youth aged 11 to 14 years (630 females, 510 males; 64% white, 24.4% African-American, and 11.6% "other"), who were randomly assigned by school into four treatment groups: exercise only, education only, exercise and education combined, and control group. Heights, weights, and skinfold thicknesses were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was computed (kg/m 2 ). Blood pressure was obtained in duplicate using a random-zero mercury sphygmomanometer. Maximal oxygen uptake was predicted from a submaximal cycle ergometer test. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance statistics, adjusting for gender, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, and initial baseline characteristics. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased more in the control group than in the intervention groups ( p = .001). The BMI did not change significantly ( p = .709), but the sum of skinfolds increased less in subjects in the exercise intervention groups than the education only or control groups ( p = .0001). The small increase in p VO 2 max of the combined exercise and education group was significantly greater than the education only group ( p = .0001). Conclusion: An exercise program for youth can have a positive effect on blood pressure independent of body weight loss.
Blue, green and red fluorescence and energy transfer of Eu3+ in fluoride glasses

Solid state blue and green light sources are desirable for high density optical storage, color displays, optoelectronics, and medical diagnostics. In addition to the well-known red emission of Eu3+, strong green, blue, and ultraviolet emissions have been observed in Eu3+ doped ZBLA (57ZrF4·36BaF2·4LaF3·3AlF3) and PIGLZ (43PbF2·17InF3·17GaF3·4LaF3·19ZnF2) fluoride glasses. The intense concentration dependence of these emissions was examined with fluorescence and excitation spectroscopy and found to be caused by nonradiative dipole-quadrupole and dipole-dipole energy transfer between excited and ground state Eu3+ ions. Judd-Ofelt analysis, transfer efficiency, and phonon side band measurements were used to model the fluorescence, energy transfer, and gain cross section for Eu3+ in a ZBLA host.
Dental nerve regeneration in rats. II. Autoradiographic studies of nerve regeneration to molar pulp and dentin

Abstract The autoradiographic technique was used to analyze the degeneration and regeneration of sensory nerves to rat molars and gingiva following cut or crush injury to the right inferior alveolar nerve. At 2 days after nerve injury there was almost complete denervation of the first molar, partial denervation of the second molar, and minimal effect on the innervation to the third molar and gingiva. The degree of sensory deficit and recovery for these same rats had been previously determined. Reinnervation of the first molar was analyzed in terms of axon number and location, intensity of axon labeling, and type of nerve injury. At 6 days, neither the cut injury nor crush injury rats had any reinnervation of their first molars. By 7 days, 3 of 4 rats had axons reinnervating first molars; in those teeth there was approximately one-fourth of the normal number of axons in the pulp, and very few axons in the dentin. These rats still had as large a molar sensory deficit as the 7 day rat and 6 day rats that had no reinnervation. By 3 weeks, there were one-half to three-fourths of the normal axon numbers in the pulp, one-fourth to one-half of the normal axon numbers in dentin; and sensitivity was at least half-recovered. By 6 weeks, numbers of axons in the pulp and dentin were either normal or slightly less than normal; axons had grown back into dentin to the same depth as in normal teeth; and complete recovery of sensitivity had occurred. The regenerating axons had greater than normal labeling intensity at 1 week and 3 weeks in all rats. Those with the crush nerve injury had somewhat greater numbers of reinnervating axons at 1 week and 3 weeks than the cut injury rats. A structure-function comparison for the molars showed that return of sensitivity correlated with reinnervation of both pulp and dentin.
Cyclic deformation of refractory metals for first wall application

Abstract Tests to determine the effects of frequency, test temperature and hydrogen content on the fatigue life and crack propagation behavior of polycrystalline vanadium and niobium are described. Unalloyed vanadium and niobium are nearly insensitive to test frequency at 25°C, while hydrided alloys exhibit a strong frequency effect. Increasing test temperature decreases fatigue life, consistent with decreasing tensile strength. A brief survey of irradiation effects on fatigue of refractory metal alloys suggests that fatigue resistance of irradiated niobium and vanadium should increase in proportion to effects on strength.