cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Logging debris and herbicide treatments improve growing conditions for planted Douglas-fir on a droughty forest site invaded by Scotch broom

Abstract Logging debris has the potential to benefit forest regeneration by increasing resource availability, modifying microclimate, and altering plant community structure. To understand potential mechanisms driving these benefits, we initiated research at a forested site on the Olympic Peninsula, WA that contained the invasive, nonnative competitor, Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius). Immediately after harvesting the stand of mature coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) in late 2011, two levels of logging debris retention were created on replicated plots: 18.9 and 9.0 Mg ha−1, with debris depths averaging 32 and 17 cm, respectively. Within each plot, three herbicide treatments (aminopyralid (A), triclopyr ester (T), and A + T) and a non-sprayed control were applied to split plots in August 2012. Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in early 2013, and microclimate and seedling performance were monitored through 2016. During the growing seasons of 2012–2014, soil water content was greater and soil temperature was lower under heavy debris than under light debris. Survival of planted Douglas-fir seedlings declined an average of 45 and 11 percentage points after intense summer droughts in 2015 and 2016, respectively, but it averaged 7–10 percentage points greater in heavy debris than in light debris during this period. Douglas-fir stem diameter growth was consistently greater in heavy debris than in light debris, with the exception of treatment A + T where diameter did not differ between debris treatments. A reciprocal regression model (R2 = 0.55) predicted that total stem volume of Douglas-fir increased from 19 to 84 dm3 ha−1 as Scotch broom cover decreased from 20% to 0% as a result of the logging debris and herbicide treatments. There were limited treatment effects on mineral soil chemical and physical properties, but forest floor mass and nutrient content were increased in the heavy debris treatment. Five years after forest harvesting (2016), logging debris mass in heavy debris differed little from that in light debris at study initiation, indicating a substantial reduction in fuels and the potential for severe wildfire. Results suggest that, on gravelly soils and possibly other droughty forest ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest, heavy debris will benefit planted Douglas-fir by improving growing conditions and by limiting abundance of nonnative competitors, such as Scotch broom.
Fear and Disgust of Spiders: Factors that Limit University Preservice Middle School Science Teachers.

Spiders perform many essential ecological services, yet humans often experience negative emotions toward spiders. These emotions can lead to the avoidance of beneficial events. These emotions may affect beliefs about what should or should not be included in a science curriculum. This study investigated how activities with living spiders affected preservice middle school science teachers’ emotions and beliefs. Prior to the activities both groups (i.e., treatment and control) had moderate to extreme fear and disgust toward the spider. The teachers that participated in the spider activities (i.e., treatment group) had much lower levels of fear and disgust after performing the spider activities than the control group that did not participate in the spider activities. The control group continued to have elevated levels of fear and disgust toward the spider throughout the study. Before the spider activities neither group planned to incorporate information about spiders or information about the essential ecological services of spiders into their science classroom. After the treatment group participated in the spider activities, the teachers had definitive plans to teach their students about spiders and the essential ecological services that they provide. The control group remained unchanged and had no plans to teach this information to their students.
Evaluation of TEAM dynamics before and after remote simulation training utilizing CERTAIN platform

Objective: The current study examines the feasibility and potential effects of long distance, remote simulation training on team dynamics.Design: The study design was a prospective study evaluating...
Electric Vehicles in Hybrid Configuration

In this chapter, an analysis of fuel cell power trains is effected starting from the examination of a generic configuration of battery powered electric vehicles, and evidencing the principle of operation and main characteristics of its components (electric machines, drives, power electronics and control techniques). Different electric energy storage systems are presented (electrochemical batteries, flywheels and super capacitors), underlining the main properties for automotive applications. The electrical and mechanical connections of different hybrid electric vehicles are examined and discussed, in particular thermal electric hybrids, vehicles using photovoltaic panels, flywheels and super capacitors, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Different hybrid configurations suitable for fuel cell power trains are closely analyzed, evidencing the key role of storage systems for the best performance of the fuel cell system.
A Generalized Cost Allocation Scheme

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a cost allocation scheme for a situation where there is a group of potential users of a common facility. In such as case, it can be supposed that some subcoalitions are not possible and, hence, the ordering of users is important. In such a case, not all orders of users within the group will be equally likely. The chapter presents a cost of allocation scheme by generalization of a few game theory concepts used in deriving the Shapley value and extending the probability notions used in Loehman and Whinston. The form of the Shapley value was derived in by first decomposing a game into subgames and then using some axioms to develop a value for a player in the game from this decomposition. The chapter highlights both decomposition of a game and the role of axioms but, at each point, generalizes the Shapley results by applying some concepts of linear algebra.
α-Synuclein Aggregation and Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial movement disorder in which both genetic and especially environmental factors play important roles. Substantial evidence implicates the aggregation of α-synuclein, an abundant and conservative presynaptic brain protein with unknown function, as a critical factor in PD. Rare familial cases of PD are associated with the mutations A30P (Ala to Pro substitution at position 30), E46K (Glu to Lys substitution at position 46), and A53T (Ala to Thr substitution at position 53) in α-synuclein. The primary structure of α-synuclein is characterized by several unusual motifs, and this protein was shown to have two closely related homologues, β-synuclein and γ-synuclein. Under the physiologic conditions in vitro, α-synuclein is characterized by the lack of rigid well-defined 3-D structure (i.e., it belongs to the class of natively unfolded proteins). Intriguingly, α-synuclein is known to possess remarkable conformational plasticity. The structure of this protein depends dramatically on the environment, and a number of absolutely unrelated conformations have been observed, including a partially folded intermediate that is a key intermediate in aggregation and fibrillation, several oligomeric species, and fibrillar and amorphous aggregates. A number of factors that either accelerate or inhibit the rate of fibrillation in vitro have been described. Accelerators include environmental factors such as certain pesticides and metals, molecular crowding, and various natural and synthetic charged polymers. Inhibitors include high concentrations of stabilizers such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), certain catechols, rifampicin, baicalein, acidic lipid vesicles, and protein homologues (β- and γ-synucleins). Oxidation of the four methionine residues in α-synuclein leads to the abolishment of fibrillation, as does the nitration of tyrosine residues. There is a strong correlation between the conformation of α-synuclein (induced by various factors) and its rate of fibrillation. The aggregation process appears to be branched, with one pathway leading to fibrils and another to oligomeric intermediates that may ultimately form amorphous deposits. The molecular basis of Parkinson’s disease appears to be tightly coupled to the aggregation of α-synuclein and the factors that affect its conformation.
Globalization and Community College Model Development

dynamic force, globalization perpetuates a borderless world where practices and ideas are shared across space and time aided by technology, mobility, communication, socioeconomic relationships, and environmental interdependence. As an identified concept, globalization impacts institutional mission and curricula that internationalize the campus, and in so doing, supports intercampus and intercountry relationships as a “requisite seed for internal change that reflects how the institution responses to [globalization] pressures” (Levin, 2001, p. x). This chapter profiles how community college models are affected by, and perpetuate conditions that advance, globalization in terms of (a) a global–local dichotomy; (b) economic and humanitarian philosophical influences upon which models are based; and (c) positive and negative consequences that result from the globalization process.
Lingual lipase: Immunocytochemical localization in the rat von ebner gland

Abstract Rat lingual lipase was purified to homogeneity by solubilization in 1% octylglucoside, followed by centrifugation, affinity chromatography on hydroxylapatite, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing. Polyclonal antibodies to the enzyme were raised in rabbits, and monospecificity was established by immunoblotting. Tissues were embedded in either paraffin or Epon for light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme was established using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and streptavidin-gold techniques. Immunospecific staining was observed in all acinar cells of the serous von Ebner glands, but only in the demilunes of the lingual mucous glands. The secretory granules of the acinar cells of the von Ebner glands were stained with antilipase on electron microscopic examination. No staining was observed in the salivary glands, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. If a true gastric lipase exists in the rat, it is immunogenically distinct from lingual lipase.
Law and Finance in India - an Overview

The central role of legal reforms in sustaining economic growth and financial development is widely recognized in India. Exactly what elements of the legal system affect the financial system and how, are less clear. We review the recent literature on law and finance and assess the state of India's legal and judicial system as well as that of its financial system, particularly relative to the rest of the world. It appears that on paper Indian laws provide good to excellent protection to investor rights. Implementation of these laws, however, has been less than satisfactory. Public enforcement of securities laws has been weak and courts in India have been extremely slow and overloaded with cases. Even a decade and a half after the beginning of the reforms process, India still suffers from an excess of red-tape and bureaucracy (not to speak of corruption) poses hurdles to every major aspect of business. Indian financial markets have had limited though increasing depth and survey evidence reveals the preponderance of internal financing among India's small and medium sector firms as well as marked reliance of Indian small businesses on informal networks and institutions like reputation and trust rather than the formal legal system to enforce contracts and settle disputes.
Cooperative AUV Navigation Using a Single Surface Craft

Maintaining accurate localization of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is difficult because electronic signals such as GPS are highly attenuated by water making established land-based localization systems, such as GPS, useless underwater. Instead we propose an alternative approach which integrates position information of other vehicles to reduce the error and uncertainty of the on-board position estimates of the AUV. This approach uses the WHOI Acoustic Modem to exchange vehicle localization estimates—albeit at low transmission rates—while simultaneously estimating inter-vehicle range. The performance capabilities of the system were tested using Oceanserver’s Iver2 and the MIT Scout kayaks.
Li-Young Lee's the cleaving̈ and the figure of the father

Without the presence of the father, who is brave, demanding, brilliant, grave, skilled at remembering, praising, grieving, tender, exacting, heroic, and more, there would probably be no Li-Young Lee poems. We can add to the compendium of these attributes of the father a list Gerald Stern composed from his reading of Lee's first volume, Rose, in which the father is "powerful, stubborn, remote, passionate and loving."
On the Classification of p -Adic UHF Banach Algebras

For any prime number p let Ωp be the p-adic counterpart of the complex numbers C. In this paper we investigate the class of p-adic UHF Banach algebras. A p-adic UHF Banach algebra is any unital p-adic Banach algebra A of the form $$A = \overline {U{M_n}} $$ , where (Mn) is an increasing sequence of p-adic Banach subalgebras of M such that each Mn is generated over Ωp by an algebraic system of matrix units {e ( ) | 1 ≤ i, j ≤ pn }. The main result is that the supernatural number associated to a p-adic TUHF Banach algebra is an invariant of the algebra.
Obesity and Cancer

Obesity is a rapidly expanding epidemic worldwide, particularly in Western countries. As the prevalence of obesity is increasing, a heavy burden is being rested on societies and healthcare systems manifested by a phenomenal growing rate of obesity-related morbidities and mortalities.
Mechanism of tRNA-mediated +1 ribosomal frameshifting.

Accurate translation of the genetic code is critical to ensure expression of proteins with correct amino acid sequences. Certain tRNAs can cause a shift out of frame (i.e., frameshifting) due to imbalances in tRNA concentrations, lack of tRNA modifications or insertions or deletions in tRNAs (called frameshift suppressors). Here, we determined the structural basis for how frameshift-suppressor tRNA SufA6 (a derivative of tRNA Pro ) reprograms the mRNA frame to translate a 4-nt codon when bound to the bacterial ribosome. After decoding at the aminoacyl (A) site, the crystal structure of the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA SufA6 bound in the peptidyl (P) site reveals ASL conformational changes that allow for recoding into the +1 mRNA frame. Furthermore, a crystal structure of full-length tRNA SufA6 programmed in the P site shows extensive conformational rearrangements of the 30S head and body domains similar to what is observed in a translocation intermediate state containing elongation factor G (EF-G). The 30S movement positions tRNA SufA6 toward the 30S exit (E) site disrupting key 16S rRNA–mRNA interactions that typically define the mRNA frame. In summary, this tRNA-induced 30S domain change in the absence of EF-G causes the ribosome to lose its grip on the mRNA and uncouples the canonical forward movement of the tRNAs during elongation.
Near Abroad: Putin, the West and the Contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus

Gerard Toal. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017. xx and 387 pp., photos, maps, graphs, tables, notes, index. $29.95 cloth (ISBN 9780190253301).Territorial struggles in Ukraine and the Caucas...
Third world sovereignty, indigenous sovereignty, and food sovereignty: living with sovereignty despite the map

ABSTRACTSovereignty remains a theoretically unclear and politically problematic concept. I find some promise, however, in a practice of sovereignty that operates in spite of lines on a map. My stud...
External beam radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with right atrium tumor thrombus.

328Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with right atrium tumor thrombus (RATT) via progression through hepatic veins into the inferior venal cava is a challenging entity with limited treatme...
Effects of ignition advance on a dual sequential ignition engine at lean mixture for hydrogen enriched butane usage

Abstract In this study, the effects of ignition advance on dual sequential ignition engine characteristics and exhaust gas emissions for hydrogen enriched butane usage and lean mixture were investigated numerically and experimentally. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of h-butane application in a commercial spark ignition gasoline engine. One cylinder of the commercially dual sequential spark ignition engine was modeled in the Star-CD software, taking into account all the components of the combustion chamber (intake-exhaust manifold connections, intake-exhaust valves, cylinder, cylinder head, piston, spark plugs). Angelberger wall approximation, k-e RNG turbulence model and G-equation combustion model were used for analysis. In the dual sequential spark ignition, the difference between the spark plugs was defined as 5° CAD. At the numerical analysis; 10.8:1 compression ratio, 1.3 air-fuel ratio, 2800 rpm engine speed, 0.0010 m the flame radius and 0.0001 m the flame thickness were kept constant. The hydrogen-butane mixture was defined as 4%–96% by mass. In the analysis, the optimal ignition advance was determined by the working conditions. In addition, the effects of changes in ignition advance were examined in detail at lean mixture. For engine operating conditions under investigation, it has been determined that the 50° CAD ignition advance from the top dead center is the optimal ignition advance in terms of engine performance and emission balance. It has also been found that the NOx formation rises up as the ignition advance increases. The BTE values were approximately 12.01% higher than butane experimental results. The experimental BTE values for h-butane were overall 3.01% lower than h-butane numerical results.
Technology Use in Developmental Education: Experiences, Challenges, and Rationales

As community colleges increasingly integrate technology into developmental education, it becomes important to understand how technology is used in these programs, what challenges institutions have ...
Current Outlook of Minimal and Mild Stimulation Protocols for Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve and/or Advanced Reproductive Age

Milder stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization (IVF) are slowly becoming a protocol of choice for women with diminished ovarian reserve and/or advanced reproductive age. The relevant studies are reviewed in this section including the recent practice committee opinion of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Effect of Needle Exchange Program on Maternal Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence.

Objective This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) before and after implementation of the needle exchange program (NEP) in Scioto County, Ohio. Study Design We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all live births in Ohio (2006–2015). Frequency of maternal HCV was compared before (2006–2011) and after (2012–2015) the implementation of an NEP (2011) in Portsmouth, Ohio (Scioto County). Trends in maternal HCV prevalence in neighboring counties both physically adjacent and regional to Scioto County were also evaluated before and after NEP implementation. Results During the study period, there were 7,069 reported cases of maternal HCV infection at the time of delivery among 1,463,506 (0.5%) live births in Ohio. The rate of maternal HCV infection increased 137% in Scioto County between 2006 and 2011. After initiation of the NEP in Portsmouth, Ohio, in 2011, the rate of increase in the following 4 years (2012–2015) was 12%. The rate of increase in maternal HCV declined precipitously in counties physically adjacent to Scioto County, whereas regional counties continued to have substantial increases in maternal HCV. Conclusion Rate of maternal HCV infection increased 137% versus 12% (rate difference: 125%) between pre- and post-NEP implementation time periods in Scioto County.
Dynamical footprints enable detection of disease emergence

Developing methods for anticipating the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases is both important and timely; however, traditional model-based approaches are stymied by uncertainty surrounding the underlying drivers. Here, we demonstrate an operational, mechanism-agnostic detection algorithm for disease (re-)emergence based on early warning signals (EWSs) derived from the theory of critical slowing down. Specifically, we used computer simulations to train a supervised learning algorithm to detect the dynamical footprints of (re-)emergence present in epidemiological data. Our algorithm was then challenged to forecast the slowly manifesting, spatially replicated reemergence of mumps in England in the mid-2000s and pertussis post-1980 in the United States. Our method successfully anticipated mumps reemergence 4 years in advance, during which time mitigation efforts could have been implemented. From 1980 onwards, our model identified resurgent states with increasing accuracy, leading to reliable classification starting in 1992. Additionally, we successfully applied the detection algorithm to 2 vector-transmitted case studies, namely, outbreaks of dengue serotypes in Puerto Rico and a rapidly unfolding outbreak of plague in 2017 in Madagascar. Taken together, these findings illustrate the power of theoretically informed machine learning techniques to develop early warning systems for the (re-)emergence of infectious diseases.
Big data in the experimental life sciences

Book review of Strasser's book Collecting Experiments: Making Big Data Biology, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
Mechanisms underlying the control of dynamic regulatory element activity and chromatin accessibility during metamorphosis

Cis-regulatory modules of metazoan genomes determine the when and where of gene expression during development. Here we discuss insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms behind cis-regulatory module usage that have come from recent application of genomics assays to insect metamorphosis. Assays including FAIRE-seq, ATAC-seq, and CUT&RUN indicate that sequential changes in chromatin accessibility play a key role in mediating stage-specific cis-regulatory module activity and gene expression. We review the current understanding of what controls precisely coordinated changes in chromatin accessibility during metamorphosis and describe evidence that points to systemic hormone signaling as a primary signal to trigger genome-wide shifts in accessibility patterns and cis-regulatory module usage.
Phloretin, an Apple Polyphenol, Inhibits Pathogen-Induced Mucin Overproduction.

Scope Bacterial infection induces mucus overproduction, contributing to acute exacerbations and lung function decline in chronic respiratory diseases. A diet enriched in apples may provide protection from pulmonary disease development and progression. We examined whether phloretin, an apple polyphenol, inhibits mucus synthesis and secretion induced by the predominant bacteria associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Methods and results We analyzed expression of the mucus constituent mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in FVB/NJ mice and NCI-H292 epithelial cells. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)-infected mice developed increased MUC5AC mRNA, which a diet containing phloretin inhibited. In NCI-H292 cells, NTHi, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased MUC5AC mRNA, which phloretin inhibited. Phloretin also diminished NTHi-induced MUC5AC protein secretion. NTHi-induced increased MUC5AC required toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NADH oxidase 4 (NOX4) signaling and subsequent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phloretin inhibited NTHi-induced TLR4/NOX4 and EGFR/MAPK signaling, thereby preventing increased MUC5AC mRNA. EGFR activation can also result from increased EGFR ligand synthesis and subsequent ligand activation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In NCI-H292 cells, NTHi increased EGFR ligand and MMP1 and MMP13 mRNA, which phloretin inhibited. Conclusions In summary, phloretin is a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing bacterial-induced mucus overproduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Past, Present, and Future of Research in School Psychology: The Biopsychosocial Ecological Model as an Overarching Framework.

Conoley, Powers, and Gutkin (2020) called for an increased emphasis on models of psychological service delivery that are primarily indirect, adult-focused, and geared toward systems-level change in the schools. They asserted that research in school psychology should not focus on the problems of individual children and youth but address the "powerful ecosystems" that surround them. Although school- and system-wide interventions are certainly important and can have a positive impact on student outcomes, we contend that biopsychosocial models of human development that integrate the effects of genetics, personal characteristics and behaviors, environments, and broad social contexts are better frameworks for guiding future research in school psychology. In these models, the role of genetics is mediated by the family environment and broader social contexts to influence variability in cognitive, social-emotional, and behavioral domains of psychological functioning. These individual differences then interact with specific situations, leading to outcomes in educationally relevant behaviors, such as achievement, self-esteem, motivation, and peer relations. The focus of research in school psychology, therefore, should not be on "1 size fits all" school-wide interventions but rather on understanding how and why children and youth differ from one another and on translating research on the effects of genes, the environment, and their interplay into effective educational interventions. Research on bullying and victimization in schools is discussed as an example of the importance of taking a biopsychosocial ecological approach to studying complex behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Nilpotent orbits for Borel subgroups of $\mathrm{SO}_{5}(k)$

Let G be a quasisimple algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k and B a Borel subgroup of G acting on the nilradical n of its Lie algebra b via the adjoint representation. It is known that B has only finitely many orbits in only five cases: when G is type A n for n ≤ 4 , and when G is type B 2 . We elaborate on this work in the case when G = SO 5 ( k ) (type B 2 ) by finding the defining equations of each orbit. We use these equations to determine the dimension of the orbits and the closure ordering on the set of orbits. The other four cases, when $G$ is type $A_n$, can be approached the same way and are treated in a separate paper.
A prospective study of carcinoid crisis with no perioperative octreotide.

Abstract Background Carcinoid crises, defined as the sudden onset of hemodynamic instability in patients with neuroendocrine tumors undergoing operation, are associated with significantly increased risk of postoperative complications. Octreotide has been used prophylactically to reduce crisis rates as well as therapeutically to treat crises that still occur. However, studies using octreotide still report crisis rates of 3.4% to 35%, leading to the questioning of its efficacy. Methods Patients with neuroendocrine tumors undergoing operation between 2017 to 2020 with no perioperative octreotide were prospectively studied. Clinicopathologic data were compared by χ2 test for discrete variables and by Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Results One hundred and seventy-one patients underwent 195 operations. Crisis was documented in 49 operations (25%), with a mean duration of 3 minutes. Crisis was more likely to occur in patients with small bowel primary tumors (P = .012), older age (P = .015), and carcinoid syndrome (P Conclusion Completely eliminating perioperative octreotide resulted in neither increased rate nor duration compared with previous studies using octreotide. We conclude perioperative octreotide use may be safely stopped, owing to inefficacy, though the need for an effective medication is clear given continued higher rates of complications.
Decolonizing Empire: Corporeal Chronologies and the Entanglements of Colonial and Postcolonial Time

In Provincializing Europe, Dipesh Chakrabarty laid out a systematic critique of historicism as a marker of essential, racialized difference. Unquestioned assumptions of universal time and telos were instrumentalized by colonial power to rank and rule subaltern others. This paper builds on Chakrabarty’s decolonizing project by seeking to denaturalize the legacies of imperialism inscribed in ideas about place (Europe or the nation-state) and time (the universal chronology of modernity). By provincializing political chronology, I challenge sovereign periodization as the key rubric of historical expertise by focusing on corporeal chronologies. This analytic stresses the role of embodiment in Amerindian expressions of colonial resistance; the somatic instantiation of categories of laggard time – the primitive, the savage, the child – produced in imperial knowledge-making imaginaries and projected onto racialized bodies; consider how the past is embodied and reiterated through memory, trauma, and disability; and the everyday spaces of intimacy and interpersonal rapports where cate- gories about self and empire are recapitulated, reified, and lived.
Использование баз данных в развитии бизнеса (The Use of Databases in Business Growth and Development)

Russian abstract: В настоящее время компании, которые работают с большим объемом информации, активно разрабатывают и совершенствуют многочисленные инструменты для передачи, обработки и анализа данных. Для того, чтобы иметь возможность получать полезные для бизнеса сведения при помощи инструментов бизнес-аналитики, необходимо иметь четкие цели анализа и правильно подготовленные наборы данных. Данная статья исследует факторы, которые подтверждают важность наличия качественно подготовленных данных и их использование при построении стратегий развития бизнеса. English abstract: Nowadays firms that are working with big data have developed multiple tools to transfer, operate and analyze data. But to be able to draw meaningful conclusions out of data analysis, a firm needs to obtain clean data and set clear goals for the analysis. This paper reviews the facts that prove the importance of well-maintained databases in the life of value-driven businesses.
Bacterial Cellulose: A Multifaceted Microbial Product

The evolution of biotechnology revolutionized the modern era. The uses of plastic and plastic-based materials were widely accepted but due to its non-biodegradable nature the focus of research is getting shifted towards biodegradable material called biopolymer. Biopolymers are the polymers derived from biological origin with characteristic of getting degraded after its use in the normal environmental condition. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one of the sustainable biopolymers which are biodegradable, biocompatible, and are obtained from fermentation. In this book chapter, we have discussed the two main methods to obtain BC, its biosynthesis, and its wide application with their relevant characteristic features.
Constituency Representation in Congress: The Effects of Legislative Perception on Participation

The widespread consensus in the literature on congressional representation is that “constituents matter” when explaining legislators' voting and nonvoting behavior. This familiar phrase provides a useful summary of the relationship between constituents and legislators, but it also leaves much to the imagination. In particular, when concluding that constituents matter, which constituents matter and how do they matter? The preceding chapter reveals that legislators and their staff see an incomplete and unrepresentative subset of their constituents when they look back at their district from Capitol Hill, which suggests that all constituents may not be represented equally. The central question addressed in this chapter, then, is whether biases in perception become biases in representation. More specifically, do legislative perceptions of the constituents in their district affect the actions legislators take on behalf of their district during the policy-making process? In order to examine the effect of perceptions on representation, it is necessary to consider the practical actions legislators take to represent their constituents on Capitol Hill. An important form of representation is legislators' participation in the committee and floor debate in the House. Participation in these venues is an integral part of the development of public policy in Congress and is consequential for both representation and lawmaking. Furthermore, participation in the congressional debate provides legislators with the opportunity to represent multiple district interests. This flexibility to represent many constituents is critical to analyzing which constituents are represented and how legislative perceptions affect constituency representation.
Critical exponents for the contact process under the triangle condition

We show that a continuous-time version of the triangle condition for percolation implies mean-field values for several contact process critical exponents. Our results support the belief that the upper critical (spatial) dimension for the contact process is four.
Polymerization Reactor Stability

In this paper the methods of non-linear mechanics have been applied to a continuous well agitated polymerization reactor. Analytical criteria for stability have been derived and phase plots of the full non-linear equations have been made for monomer collision termination.
Ferroelastic detwinning of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Abstract Crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBC) were prepared using a flux technique. The as-grown crystals were typically on the order of 200 μm × 200 μm × 50 μm, where the 50 μm dimension is in the c-direction. Ferroelastic behavior was observed by applying a uniaxial stress along the [100]tet-direction using a specially-designed fixture which was mounted to a programmable hot/cold stage of a polarizing reflected-light microscope. Domain wall motion was observed for temperatures greater than 200°C, and complete poling was accomplished at stresses on the order of 50–100 MPa at temperatures of 350–400°C. An ionic diffusion-activated mechanism is suggested.
Freeze, die, come to life: The many paths to immortality in post-Soviet Russia

Through practices such as cryonics and plans to build robotic bodies for future “consciousness transfer,” the Russian transhumanist movement has engendered competing practices of immortality as well as ontological debates over the immortal body and person. Drawing on an ethnography of these practices and plans, I explore controversies around religion and secularism within the movement as well as the conflict between transhumanists and the Russian Orthodox Church. I argue that the core issues in debates over the role of religion vis-a-vis immortality derive from diverse assumptions being made about “the human,” which—from prerevolutionary esoteric futurist movements through the Soviet secularist project and into the present day—has been and remains a profoundly plastic project. [body, immortality, religion, death, transhumanism, cryonics, postsocialism, Russia]
Appropriate causal models and stability of causation

Causal models defined in terms of structural equations have proved to be quite a powerful way of representing knowledge regarding causality. However, a number of authors have given examples that seem to show that the Halpern-Pearl (HP) definition of causality (Halpern & Pearl 2005) gives intuitively unreasonable answers. Here it is shown that, for each of these examples, we can give two stories consistent with the description in the example, such that intuitions regarding causality are quite different for each story. By adding additional variables, we can disambiguate the stories. Moreover, in the resulting causal models, the HP definition of causality gives the intuitively correct answer. It is also shown that, by adding extra variables, a modification to the original HP definition made to deal with an example of Hopkins and Pearl (2003) may not be necessary. Given how much can be done by adding extra variables, there might be a concern that the notion of causality is somewhat unstable. Can adding extra variables in a "conservative" way (i.e., maintaining all the relations between the variables in the original model) cause the answer to the question "Is X = x a cause of Y = y?" to alternate between "yes" and "no"? Here it is shown that adding an extra variable can change the answer from "yes' to "no", but after that, it cannot cannot change back to "yes".
Anejaculatory infertility due to multiple sclerosis.

Summary There are few reports of pregnancy outcomes in couples with anejaculatory infertility secondary to multiple sclerosis and no longitudinal reports of semen quality in this population. We report our experience with one such case. The couple achieved two live births from spermatozoa obtained with electroejaculation: the first by intrauterine insemination and the second by in vitro fertilisation with intracytoplasmic sperm injection of donor oocytes. Linear regression analysis showed no progressive decline in semen parameters across 26 semen retrievals performed over 7.7 years. Years of disease do not appear to cause progressive decline in semen quality.
Using Brookfield data and the Mitschka method to evaluate power law foods

Mitschka proposed a simple technique to calculate average shear stress and average shear rate from data obtained with Brookfield viscometers. It allows for estimation of the apparent viscosity, the flow behavior index, and the consistency coefficient of power law fluids. This method was evaluated for typical shearthinning foods (banana puree, salad dressing, enchilada sauce, and pancake syrup) and found to have excellent potential for quality control testing in the food industry. Results compared favorably with those obtained with a standard cone and plate viscometer.
An accelerated branch-and-price algorithm for multiple-runway aircraft sequencing problems

Abstract This paper presents an effective branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm for multiple-runway aircraft sequencing problems. This approach improves the tractability of the problem by several orders of magnitude when compared with solving a classical 0–1 mixed-integer formulation over a set of computationally challenging instances. Central to the computational efficacy of the B&P algorithm is solving the column generation subproblem as an elementary shortest path problem with aircraft time-windows and non-triangular separation times using an enhanced dynamic programming procedure. We underscore in our computational study the algorithmic features that contribute, in our experience, to accelerating the proposed dynamic programming procedure and, hence, the overall B&P algorithm.
Real-time enhancement of defects in a periodic mask using photorefractive Bi 12 SiO 20

The first known experimental results of real-time optical defect enhancement of a periodic mask are reported. A low-intensity reference wave interferes with the Fourier transform of an object beam to form a hologram in a photorefractive crystal. The nonlinear properties of the crystal perform a filtering operation, and phase-conjugate readout results in a defect-enhanced image. Defects of size 10 microm x 100 microm have been easily detected with high signalto- noise ratio, and a discussion of performance limitations is presented.
An analysis of anisotropic mantle viscosity, and its possible effects on post-glacial rebound

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the possibility of using post-glacial rebound observations to place constraints on the anisotropy of upper-mantle viscosity. We extend existing analyses by considering a visco-elastic, spherical, self-gravitating Earth. We show that three independent viscosity parameters are required to describe a Maxwell solid with transversely isotropic viscosity and isotropic elasticity. We develop a theoretical formalism for including the effects of transversely isotropic visco-elasticity in post-glacial rebound models. Using this formalism to describe anisotropy in the upper mantle, we model the free air gravity anomaly, relative sea-level changes, and present-day horizontal motion caused by the rebound, to assess their dependence on the upper-mantle viscosity parameters. We find that as long as those parameters are no larger than the lower-mantle (isotropic) viscosity, the results for the gravity and sea-level changes are notably sensitive to only one of the three viscosity parameters. This suggests, at least for the case where the lower-mantle viscosity is significantly larger than the upper-mantle viscosity, that post-glacial rebound studies of gravity and sea-level will be hard pressed to usefully constrain viscous anisotropy. We do find that the horizontal motion is relatively sensitive to transverse isotropy and so might be used, in principle, to constrain the anisotropy. In practice, though, it is likely that the strong dependence of horizontal motion on details of the ice model, coupled with the uncertainties in existing ice models, would make such attempts impractical.
A new convergence theorem for the inexact Newton methods based on assumptions involving the second Fréchet derivative

Abstract We provide sufficient conditions for the convergence of inexact Newton methods to a solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space. Earlier results have used conditions on the first Frechet-derivative. Our results differ from earlier results in that we use Lipschitz conditions on the second Frechet-derivative of the operator involved. Finally we consider some particular situations to which our general results apply.
Boundary Helps: Reliable Route Selection With Directional Antennas in Cognitive Radio Networks

The unpredictable activities of primary users (PUs) make the channel availabilities in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) very unstable, which causes routing in CRNs to be more difficult than in traditional wireless networks. Specifically, when a source node needs to select a route to reach the destination, the “optimal” route during the route selection phase may not be optimal in the data transmission phase. In this paper, we propose a novel routing protocol based on the traditional source routing protocols. We consider the angle dimension by assuming that directional antennas are equipped on every node, which facilitate the marking of boundaries of PUs. We use the USRP/Gnuradio testbed to show the sensing result differences of different directions at the boundary area of a PU. For every optional route between a source and a destination node, we evaluate its reliability and other performance by evaluating the PU areas through which it passes and by estimating the possible transmission rate. Based on these parameters, we propose an algorithm for route selection, considering both reliability and delay. Our routing protocol only requires very limited piggyback information, and it is highly adaptable under the dynamic channel availabilities. We evaluate our approach through extensive simulations.
The Molecular Diffusive Rate of Change of Composition in the Atmosphere.

Abstract The atmosphere appears to be (within narrow limits) uniform in composition, as regards its permanent constituents, up to a height of at least 60 kilometers. The vertical variations of pressure and temperature produce relative motion of the different constituents by molecular diffusion ; these diffusive fluxes are calculated for an atmosphere uniformly mixed up to 80 km, and with the temperature distribution given by the Rocket Panel (1953). The downward pressure-diffusion flux of the heavier particles far exceeds the thermal-diffusion flux. But the rate at which molecular diffusion tends relatively to enrich or deplete any constituent at any height is proportional to the gradient of these fluxes, and in this respect the influence of thermal diffusion is comparable with that of pressure diffusion. It is inferred that if convection suddenly ceased throughout the atmosphere, at the outset the O2 concentration would increase, and the He concentration would decrease at about 80 km. The rates of enrich...
Postsynaptic Receptor Trafficking Underlying a Form of Associative Learning

To elucidate molecular, cellular, and circuit changes that occur in the brain during learning, we investigated the role of a glutamate receptor subtype in fear conditioning. In this form of learning, animals associate two stimuli, such as a tone and a shock. Here we report that fear conditioning drives AMPA-type glutamate receptors into the synapse of a large fraction of postsynaptic neurons in the lateral amygdala, a brain structure essential for this learning process. Furthermore, memory was reduced if AMPA receptor synaptic incorporation was blocked in as few as 10 to 20% of lateral amygdala neurons. Thus, the encoding of memories in the lateral amygdala is mediated by AMPA receptor trafficking, is widely distributed, and displays little redundancy.
Biting into integrated quality improvement: medical student and staff blinded taste test for sodium reduction improving medical education and care?

Over 90 % of Americans consume an excessive amount of sodium as a key salt ingredient, despite its contribution to morbidity and mortality. No known studies have analyzed the optimal salt reduction level for medical students and staff in characteristic restaurant recipes. Increased studies linking such quality improvement in medical education and care through lifestyle-based modifications with medical professionals in training may provide a promising model for competency-based medical education in the age of healthcare reform. A volunteer sample (n = 105) of medical students and staff was recruited over 3 weeks to test three-course meal components from representative restaurants prepared under a trained chef’s supervision. Subjects were not informed that sodium levels were decreased in three samples by 15, 25, and 35 % with the fourth sample being the control of 0 % reduction. The largest sub-group of subjects identified the 15 % reduced sample as the optimal saltiness sample compared to the 0, 25, and 35 % reduced samples overall among the shrimp, jambalaya, and gumbo dishes (29.23 % vs. 23.59 %, 22.56 %, 24.62 %, p = 0.567). The Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc analysis with the Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney test revealed that sodium-reduced samples had a significantly higher rank sum than the zero-reduced sample for favorite dish (p < 0.001). Our results suggest chefs may reduce sodium while still preserving consumer preference. Future studies are needed to investigate the impact of first-hand nutrition study participation on medical students and staff improving their own nutrition education for their future patients.