cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short-term erosion rates from a7Be inventory balance

Detailed soil erosion studies beneﬁt from the ability to quantify the magnitude of erosion over time scales appropriate to the process. An inventory balance for 7Be was used to calculate sediment erosion in a 30·73 m2 plot during a series of runoff-producing thunderstorms occurring over three days at the Deep Loess Research Station in Treynor, Iowa, USA. The inventory balance included determination of the pre- and post-storm 7Be inventories in the soil, the atmospheric inﬂux of 7Be during the event, and proﬁles of the 7Be activity in the soil following the atmospheric deposition. The erosion calculated in the plot using the 7Be inventory balance was 0·058 g cm−2, which is 23 per cent of the annual average erosion determined using 137Cs inventories. The calculated erosion from the mass balance is similar to the 0·059 g cm−2 of erosion estimated from the amount of sediment collected at the outlet of the 6 ha ﬁeld during the study period and the delivery ratio (0·64). The inventory balance of 7Be provides a new means for evaluating soil erosion over the time period most relevant to quantifying the prediction of erosion from runoff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effects of ephedrine on adrenergic responsiveness in normal and asthmatic subjects.

Abstract A comparison was made of the metabolic and pulmonary responses to adrenergic stimulation in 6 normal subjects and 10 patients with mild asthma who were treated with equal amounts of ephedrine for 7 to 10 days. During the control and placebo periods, the measurements of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in leukocytes of asthmatic subjects were similar to those of normal subjects. After one week of therapy with ephedrine, both groups exhibited suppression of the leukocyte cyclic AMP responses to adrenergic stimulation in vitro; however, the suppression of response was significantly greater in asthmatic subjects (p
COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ABUNDANCE OF DEEP‐WATER (>30 m) MACROALGAE IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA1

The deep-water macroalgal assemblage was described at 14 sites off the central California coast during 1999 and 2000 from SCUBA and remotely operated vehicle sampling. The stipitate kelp Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell & Gardner, previously thought to be rare in the region, was abundant from 30 to 45 m, forming kelp beds below the well-known giant kelp forests. Macroalgae typically formed three broadly overlapping zones usually characterized by one or a few visually dominant taxa: 1) the upper "Pleurophycus zone" (30-45 m) of stipitate kelps and Desmarestia spp. with a high percent cover of corallines, low cover of uncalcified red algae, and rare green algae; 2) a middle "Maripelta zone" (40-55 m) with other uncalcified red algae and infrequent corallines and green algae; and 3) a zone (55-75 m) of infrequent patches of nongeniculate coralline algae. The green alga Palmophyllum umbracola Nelson & Ryan, not previously reported from the Northeast Pacific, was found over the entire geographical range sampled from 35 to 54 m. Year-round profiles of water column irradiance revealed unexpectedly clear water with an average K 0 of 0.106.m - 1 . The low percent surface irradiance found at the average lower macroalgal depth limits in this study (0.56% for brown algae, 0.12% for uncalcified red algae, and 0.01% for nongeniculate coralline algae) and lack of large grazers suggest that light controls the lower distributional limits. The ubiquitous distribution, perennial nature, and similar lower depth limits of deep-water macroalgal assemblages at all sites suggest that these assemblages are a common persistent part of the benthic biota in this region.
Structure, expression, and antisense inhibition of the systemin precursor gene

A gene that encodes systemin, a mobile 18-amino acid polypeptide inducer of proteinase inhibitor synthesis in tomato and potato leaves, has been isolated from tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. Induction of proteinase inhibitors in plants is a response to insect or pathogen attacks. The gene has 10 introns and 11 exons, ten of which are organized as five homologous pairs with an unrelated sequence in the eleventh, encoding systemin. Systemin is proteolytically processed from a 200-amino acid precursor protein, prosystemin. Prosystemin messenger RNA was found in all organs of the plant except the roots and was systemically wound-inducible in leaves. Tomato plants transformed with an antisense prosystemin complementary DNA exhibited greatly suppressed systemic wound induction of proteinase Inhibitor I and II synthesis in leaves.
Using a priori knowledge to create probabilistic models for optimization

Recent studies have examined the effectiveness of using probabilistic models to guide the sample generation process for searching high dimensional spaces. Although the simplest models, which do not account for parameter interdependencies, often perform well on many problems, they may perform poorly when used on problems that have a high degree of interdependence between parameters. More complex dependency networks that can account for the interactions between parameters are required. However, building these networks may necessitate enormous amounts of sampling. In this paper, we demonstrate how a priori knowledge of parameter dependencies, even incomplete knowledge, can be incorporated to efficiently obtain accurate models that account for parameter interdependencies. This is achieved by effectively putting priors on the network structures that are created. These more accurate models yield improved results when used to guide the sample generation process for search and also when used to initialize the starting points of other search algorithms.
Newest Approaches to Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Review of Recent Randomized Clinical Trials

Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) should provide high rates of clinical and microbiological cure for a range of pathogens and should ultimately prevent reproductive morbidity. Between 1992 and 2006, 5 randomized clinical trials of moxifloxacin (1 trial), ofloxacin (1 trial), clindamycin-ciprofloxacin (1 trial), and azithromycin (2 trials) treatment among women with mild to moderate PID were found to have clinical cure rates of 90%-97%. Trials of ofloxacin and clindamycin-ciprofloxacin reported rates of cure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection of 100%, although microbiological cure data for other pathogens were not presented. One azithromycin trial reported a 98% eradication of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and anaerobes. Moxifloxacin exhibited high eradication rates for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. hominis, Mycobacterium genitalium, and gram-negative anaerobes. Clinical cure rates from 2 doxycycline-metronidazole trials were low (35% and 55%). Although a handful of studies have shown that monotherapies for PID achieve high rates of clinical cure, the efficacy of these regimens in treating anaerobic PID and in preventing adverse reproductive sequelae is not fully elucidated.
Novel Natural Product Discovery from Marine Sponges and their Obligate Symbiotic Organisms

Abstract: Discovery of novel natural products is an accepted method for the elucidation of pharmacologically active molecules and drug leads. Best known sources for such discovery have been terrestrial plants and microbes, accounting for about 85% of the approved natural products in pharmaceutical use (1), and about 60% of approved pharmaceuticals and new drug applications annually (2). Discovery in the marine environment has lagged due to the difficulty of exploration in this ecological niche. Exploration began in earnest in the 1950s, after technological advances such as scuba diving allowed collection of marine organisms, primarily at a depth to about 15m. Natural products from filter feeding marine invertebrates and in particular, sponges, have proven to be a rich source of structurally unique pharmacologically active compounds, with over 16,000 molecules isolated thus far (3, 1) and a continuing pace of discovery at hundreds of novel bioactive molecules per year. All classes of pharmaceuticals have been represented in this discovery process, including antiprotazoals, pesticides, TGF-beta inhibitors, cationic channel blockers, anticancer, cytotoxic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial compounds. Important biosynthetic pathways found in sponges which give rise to these compounds include the terpenoid (4), fatty acid, polyketoid, quinone reductase, alkaloid, isoprenoid (5), and non-ribosomal protein synthase pathways. Keywords: natural products; marine sponges; drug discovery; terpenoids; carotenoids; polyketides; marine drug discovery
The infrared and microwave spectra of ozone for the (0,0,0), (1,0,0), and (0,0,1) states

Abstract New measurements of the ozone spectrum in the microwave and 10-μm infrared regions have been made. These new lines have been fit to a three-state Hamiltonian model which includes Coriolis interactions beteen (0, 0, 1) and (1, 0, 0). The model requires additional Coriolis parameters, as well as an appreciation for the parameters which are indeterminate. Transition dipole moments have been derived from the intensities of selected infrared lines.
CHIMAERA: a high-performance architecture with a tightly-coupled reconfigurable functional unit

Reconfigurable hardware has the potential for significant performance improvements by providing support for application-specific operations. We report our experience with Chimaera, a prototype system that integrates a small and fast reconfigurable functional unit (RFU) into the pipeline of an aggressive, dynamically-scheduled superscalar processor. Chimaera is capable of performing 9-input/1-output operations on integer data. We discuss the Chimaera C compiler that automatically maps computations for execution in the RFU. Chimaera is capable of: (1) collapsing a set of instructions into RFU operations, (2) converting control-flow into RFU operations, and (3) supporting a more powerful fine-grain data-parallel model than that supported by current multimedia extension instruction sets (for integer operations). Using a set of multimedia and communication applications we show that even with simple optimizations, the Chimaera C compiler is able to map 22% of all instructions to the RFU on the average. A variety of computations are mapped into RFU operations ranging from as simple as add/sub-shift pairs to operations of more than 10 instructions including several branches. Timing experiments demonstrate that for a 4-way out-of-order superscalar processor Chimaera results in average performance improvements of 21%, assuming a very aggressive core processor design (most pessimistic RFU latency model) and communication overheads from and to the RFU.
A conserved cell growth cycle can account for the environmental stress responses of divergent eukaryotes

The respiratory metabolic cycle in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) consists of two phases that are most simply defined phenomenologically: low oxygen consumption (LOC) and high oxygen consumption (HOC). Each phase is associated with the periodic expression of thousands of genes, producing oscillating patterns of gene expression found in synchronized cultures and in single cells of slowly growing unsynchronized cultures. Systematic variation in the durations of the HOC and LOC phases can account quantitatively for well-studied transcriptional responses to growth rate differences. Here we show that a similar mechanism-transitions from the HOC phase to the LOC phase-can account for much of the common environmental stress response (ESR) and for the cross-protection by a preliminary heat stress (or slow growth rate) to subsequent lethal heat stress. Similar to the budding yeast metabolic cycle, we suggest that a metabolic cycle, coupled in a similar way to the ESR, in the distantly related fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and in humans can explain gene expression and respiratory patterns observed in these eukaryotes. Although metabolic cycling is associated with the G0/G1 phase of the cell division cycle of slowly growing budding yeast, transcriptional cycling was detected in the G2 phase of the division cycle in fission yeast, consistent with the idea that respiratory metabolic cycling occurs during the phases of the cell division cycle associated with mass accumulation in these divergent eukaryotes.
Race, Self‐Employment, and Labor Absorption

Past studies have argued that in the large cities of developing societies, unemployment is often alleviated when displaced workers are absorbed into the small-scale entrepreneurial activities of the informal economy. The present study applies this argument to an analysis of women's self-employment in the U.S. South during the Great Depression. Census data show that in large southern cities in 1940, the unemployment of black women was meaningfully reduced by the self-employment of these women in domestic service. These data further suggest that dynamics of race, unemployment, and the self-employment of women in domestic service can be represented by an inverted-U-shaped labor absorption curve. These results make several contributions to research on race, labor-market disadvantage, and self-employment in the informal sector.
Hepatitis C in the Elderly: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Treatment

Hepatitis C continues to be a major public health problem affecting approximately 3% of the global population. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 170 million people have chronic hepatitis C. Ten percent to 20% of those who are chronically infected with hepatitis C will progress to cirrhosis and 5% will develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the safety and efficacy of hepatitis C therapies have been studied extensively in patients between the ages of 18 and 65, patients who are older than 65 still remain an understudied and difficult-to-treat population. This review discusses the epidemiology, natural history, and treatment of chronic hepatitis C in older adults.
Finiteness of Ricci flat supersymmetric nonlinear $\sigma$-models

Combining the constraints of Kahler differential geometry with the universality of the normal coordinate expansion in the background field method, we study the ultraviolet behavior of 2-dimensional supersymmetric non-linear σ-models with target space an arbitrary riemannian manifoldM. We show that the constraint ofN=2 supersymmetry requires that all counterterms to the metric beyond one-loop order be cohomologically trivial. It follows that such supersymmetric non-linear σ-models defined on locally symmetric spaces are super-renormalizable and thatN=4 models are on-shell ultraviolet finite to all orders of perturbation theory.
Electric power system static state estimation through Kalman filtering and load forecasting

Static state estimation in electric power systems is normally accomplished without the use of time-history data or prediction. This paper presents preliminary work on the use of the discrete-time Kalman filter to incorporate time history and power demand prediction into state estimators. The problem of state estimation combined with the knowledge of the forecasted load is posed as a Kalman filtering problem using a novel discrete-time model. The model relates current and previous states using the electric power flow equations. An IEEE 14-bus test system example is used to illustrate the potential for enhanced performance of such Kalman filter-based state estimation.
A detection system based on giant magnetoresistive sensors and high-moment magnetic nanoparticles demonstrates zeptomole sensitivity: potential for personalized medicine.

Ein zeptomolarer Detektor: Ein hoch empfindlicher Chip mit Riesenmagnetwiderstand in Kombination mit FeCo-Nanopartikeln ermoglicht die lineare Detektion von nur 600–4500 Streptavidin-Molekulen. Schon unter nichtoptimierten Bedingungen erkennt das System uberdies humanes IL-6 mit einer 13-mal hoheren Empfindlichkeit als ELISA-Standardtechniken.
Wetting in an Electronic Packaging Ceramic System: II, Wetting of Alumina by a Silicate Glass Melt under Controlled pO2 Conditions

The wetting of polycrystalline alumina by a colored, calciamagnesia aluminosilicae glass was found to be dependent on temperatutre between 1300° and 1500°C, but independent of gas atmosphere effects. Neither the oxygen partial pressure, oveer the range of 10-6 to 10-10 Pa, the gas buffer system (Co/CO2 or H2/H2O), nor pre-equilibration of the substrate surface with the atmosphere at tge exoperimental temperature before solid-liuid interface formation affected the stable contact angle. An initial drop in contact angle the stable contact angle. An initial drop in contact angle occurring within the first hour is attributed to repaid dissolution of alumina and the formation of a stable glass/alumina interface. The contact angle after an 8-h isothermal hold decreased from 1300° to 1500°C. The solid-liquid interfacial energy, μMS1, controls the wetting behavior. Changes in μMs1 are attributed to he breakup of the silica network as temperature increases.
The Czech Economic Crisis: Policy Revenge?

The current Czech economic crisis is defined and its causes are analyzed. The role of policies followed after the collapse of communism—especially the privatization strategy, macroeconomic stabilization (based on a balanced budget and a stable exchange rate regime), and the microsphere liberalization in the absence of a functioning legal environment—will be assessed in view of current economic difficulties. These policies are identified as the primary cause of these difficulties. The need for policy changes and the nature of such changes are elucidated.
Coronary heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

AScientific Statement from the American Heart Association in 2003 ([1][1]) focused attention on the observation that cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated by either dialysis or transplantation is markedly higher than in the general population stratified by
A dynamic analysis of non-uniform microstrip multi-conductor transmission lines using the grounded slab Green's functions approach

The authors present a numerical technique based on a combined approach that uses a quasi-dynamic, a dynamic and an asymptotic method for the analysis of non-uniform microstrip transmission lines and discontinuities with grounded dielectric slab Green's functions. The regions of validity of several quasi-dynamic and asymptotic approximations have been compared and determined in terms of the required accuracy and the microstrip physical parameters. Numerical examples have been solved and checked with available data and measurements to analyze the accuracy of this new technique. >
Glide-Climb Based GBS Model Applied to Submicrocrystalline Superplasticity

Research on superplasticity in metals have clearly established the importance of microstructural evolution combined with several phenomena: (i) dislocation emission and absorption at and near grain boundaries (ii) concurrent grain growth and (iii) grain boundary sliding (GBS) during deformation [1] . The combined evolutionary aspects of these processes is essential to superplasticity mechanism. With current interest in submicrocrystalline metallic alloys produced by severe deformation processes, and their reported large degree of strain hardening under the condition of low temperature superplasticity, it is necessary to critically examine the understanding and modeling of their response in these materials containing subgrains and ultrafine grains. After examining several steady state and evolutionary hardening-recovery models, it has become clear that an existing superplasticity model involving a mix of two mechanisms: glide-climb based deformation in the grain mantle and general dislocation creep within the grain corc (proposed in 1994) appear to capture all essential features of the experimental behavior. Data for both microcrystalline and submicrocrystalline materials have been reviewed relative to our model and presented here.
Printed circuit board recycling: a state-of-the-art survey

This survey is done with an intention of providing a clear and comprehensive review of current practices and recent developments in the area of printed circuit board (PCB) recycling. The aim of this paper is to be a reference for research and implementation for the PCB recycling process. Original information is collected from the companies engaged in the PCB recycling industry and articles published after 1990. The paper gives an overview of the PCB structure, material composition and different recycling processes.
Determinants of Partner Opportunism in Strategic Alliances: A Conceptual Framework

We present a comprehensive framework of the key determinants of partner opportunism in strategic alliances. We propose an extended definition of partner opportunism and three categories of the determinants of partner opportunism based on a review of the literature. These categories comprise economic factors (equity involvement, asymmetric alliance-specific investments, mutual hostages, and payoff inequity), relational factors (cultural diversity and goal incompatibilities), and temporal factors (alliance horizon and pressures for quick results). The framework of determinants makes clear how the various determinants of partner opportunism may be differentially salient in the three major alliance types, namely, equity joint ventures, minority equity alliances, and nonequity alliances. Based on the framework, a number of propositions are developed to facilitate empirical research on partner opportunism. Managerial implications flowing from the proposed framework are also discussed. Although scholars in various disciplines have studied the general topic of opportunistic behavior, our understanding of partner opportunism in strategic alliances appears to be fragmented and inadequate. As partner opportunism is acknowledged as a significant threat to alliance survival and success, a comprehensive framework of the key determinants of such opportunism should improve our understanding of this phenomenon and to also provide an impetus for future research. The article also responds to the need of alliance managers for a framework of key factors that are responsible for partner opportunism so that they may be able to deploy appropriate deterrence mechanisms to minimize opportunistic behaviors.
Large O(mc−2) nonperturbative corrections to the inclusive rate of the decay B → Xsγ

It is shown that the inclusive rate of the rare weak radiative decays B → Xsγ contains a series of nonperturbative corrections, whose ‘short distance’ scale is set by mc−1, rather than by mb−1. The first correction in this series is expressed through the chromomagnetic interaction of the b quark inside the B meson and the relative magnitude of the effect is determined by the ratio 〈B|bσ · Gb|B〉mc2. Though the magnitude of this first correction is s by a numerical coefficient, the sensitivity of the decay rate to the distance scale mc−1 may significantly limit the accuracy of purely perturbative predictions for the rate.
Abstract 184: Alterations in Tissue-Based Sca-1+ Stem Cell Populations in Diabetic Arteries

Objectives: The stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) progenitor cell is a pluripotent stem cell that is implicated in homeostasis of the vascular wall, including regulation of the response to injury. Diabetic mice have a decreased Sca-1+ bone marrow population, but it is not known how the diabetic state affects the permanent tissue-based Sca-1+ population. We hypothesize that diabetic mice have a decreased Sca-1+ stem cell population in the arterial wall compared to wild type mice. Methods: Arteries were harvested from male C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and Lepr Db/db diabetic (DB) mice (n=4-6/strain). Diabetic state was confirmed in DB mice by measuring serum insulin and glucose levels. Harvested segments included carotid, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and femoral arteries. Arteries underwent immunofluorescent staining for Sca-1. Staining in the adventitia, media and intima was assessed by blinded grading (scale of 0-4). Results: Sca-1+ stem cells were predominantly located in the adventitial layer of the arterial wall in both WT and DB mice (7.2-fold vs. media, 3.5-fold vs. intima). In the carotid artery, DB mice demonstrated 26% less adventitial Sca-1+ staining than WT mice (1.69±0.1 vs. 2.27±0.1, P≤0.001). In the thoracic aorta, DB mice had 28% less adventitial Sca-1+ staining than WT mice (2.06±.0.1 vs. 2.88±0.1, P≤0.001). Notably, no significant difference was detected in adventitial Sca-1+ staining in the abdominal aorta or femoral arteries between the mouse strains. In the media, DB mice showed a trend towards increased Sca-1+ staining; this only reached significance in the abdominal aorta (0.55±0.1 vs. 0.22±0.1, P=0.011). In the intima, there was a trend towards increased Sca-1+ staining in DB mice among all arterial segments, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Diabetic mice demonstrate a depleted Sca-1+ stem cell population in the adventitia of the carotid artery and thoracic aorta compared to WT counterparts. In contrast, diabetic mice showed an increased Sca-1+ population in the media of the abdominal aorta. This overall decrease in the adventitial Sca-1+ stem cells of diabetic mice and shift in distribution amongst the arterial wall layers may contribute to the altered homeostasis and response to injury in diabetic vessels.
El derecho en español: terminología y habilidades jurídicas para un ejercicio legal exitoso [The law in Spanish: legal terminology and skills for a successful legal practice], by Katia Fach Gómez, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2014, xvii + 155 pp., US$20.95 (paperback) ISBN 978-0-292-75653-3

Katia Fach Gomez’s workbook provides readers with samples of different documents and terminology employed (either wholly or partially) throughout the judicial systems in Spanish-speaking countries....
Optic neuropathy caused by Propionibacterium acnes pachymeningitis.

Abstract:We describe a patient with vision loss from an optic neuropathy caused by Propionibacterium acnes pachymeningitis. The patient's optic neuropathy was stabilized with appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Dendrochronological analysis of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) responses to climate and contrasting flood regimes

Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) has been used extensively for dendrochronological reconstruction of climate and is a key species in globally important wetlands with complex, poorly unde...
Smooth Evolution From MSTP to PTN in Electric Power Communication System

Along with the construction process of smart grid,PTN technology has become a reasonable choice to solve broadband,All IP and diversified service interfaces problems of electric power communication network.Considering protection of the already existed MSTP network investments and relying on the reliability of TDM service,there must be a gradual evolution process from MSTP to PTN.In this paper,a brief introduction of problems existing in the traditional MSTP network in electric power communication network is given first.Then a comparison of MSTP and PTN technology is made.At last,a smooth evolution scheme from MSTP to PTN is proposed.It can be seen as a reference model of PTN application in electric power communication system.
Radiation therapy for classic Kaposi's sarcoma presenting only on the glans penis.

Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma is an endothelial neoplasm with a variety of clinical presentations that rarely involve only the glans penis. Although it is recognized as a radiosensitive lesion, most of the reported cases of penile Kaposi’s sarcoma have been treated surgically. We describe 2 otherwise healthy men with this unusual presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma who were treated with radiation therapy. These cases and a review of the literature demonstrate the role of radiation therapy in the conservative management of classic Kaposi’s sarcoma involving the penis.
An Investigation of the Shopping Orientations of Recent Movers

The purpose of this paper is to determine how the shopping orientations of recent movers are different from the orientations of the population at large. Specifically, the research questions analyzed are: (1) to what extent do movers differ from nonmovers on demographics, shopping benefits desired, purchases made, and life style traits; and, (2) do recent movers form a relatively homogeneous market segment or do they conform to the general market segmentation patterns of the general population.
Evaluation of CPT-11 against human xenografts of colon adenocarcinoma and childhood sarcomas

We have used human tumors maintained in immune-deprived mice as a model for evaluating new agents that may have utility against frequently occurring cancers such as colorectal adenocarcinoma and rare tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma of childhood. The predictive value of these models appears excellent, with intrinsic chemorefractoriness of colon cancers, and high-sensitivity of rhabdomyosarcomas being retained in mice [1]. In the current study, the topoisomerase I inhibitor, CPT-11, has been evaluated against colon tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas. We have examined the schedule dependency, and cross-resistance to Vincristine, Melphalan (LPAM), and the camptothecin analogue 9-diemethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (topotecan) in tumors selected for resistance in situ.
Higher Education and Testing Accommodations

I n chapter 4, i argued that the courts should be more agnostic in determining whether the appropriate educational placement for a child is in the most integrated setting possible. I offered this argument from an anti-subordination perspective under which one would not presume that segregated tools are more effective than integrated tools in attaining substantive equality. Instead, I insisted that we consider what educational tools are most likely to be effective for each individual child and suggested that a “continuum of services” model under which remedies are chosen from a wide range of options would best serve the individual child. Regrettably, some people might interpret my recommendations from Chapter 4 to suggest that I am opposed to integrated solutions. In fact, nothing could be further from the truth. When the available evidence suggests that integration is the most appropriate tool, I am an avid fan of integration. The higher education context can demonstrate how we, in fact, could do a better job of using more integrated tools while also serving the needs of a wide cross-section of students with disabilities. To make this argument, I will focus on one aspect of higher education – testing – with particular emphasis on testing within the law school context. Because I believe that the empirical evidence must be assessed rigorously in deciding what solutions are most appropriate, I have limited myself to that context. Much of my argument, however, would apply to other contexts.
The Theoretical Framework of the Study

In attempting to grapple with the complex problems inherent in the study of social stratification, sociologists have always shown a keen interest in the process of social mobility, that is, “movement, either upward or downward, between higher and lower social classes.”1 For a variety of theoretical and methodological reasons, different facets of this complex process have received more emphasis than others at various times. Until quite recently, a great deal of scholarly attention had focused on geographical mobility or the phenomenon of migration. There were a number of reasons for this concern. Foremost among them was the enormous influx of European migrants to the United States during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Coupled with this demographic factor was an open-class ideology that vigorously denied the existence of social classes and which considered geographical mobility on the part of the immigrant as a prelude to his ultimate social advancement. At the same time, a number of important historical studies have been carried out on various immigrant groups.2
Cytoprotective Mechanisms of the Lung in Sickle Cell Disease.

Abstract 1538 Poster Board I-561 Circulating plasma hemoglobin contributes to major vasculopathies including pulmonary hypertension in patients who have sickle cell disease (SCD). There is an emerging concept that such vasculopathies are relatively mild because of activation of several cytoprotective pathways in SCD. The biochemical profile of plasma and the transcriptome of peripheral blood cells in patients who have SCD offer indirect support for this concept. Indeed, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an acute phase enzyme that degrades heme into intermediates and byproducts with vasculoprotective properties is markedly elevated in mononuclear leukocytes of patients who have SCD. Nonetheless, the scope of the cytoprotective mechanisms of the lung and other organs impacted directly by sickle vasculopathies remain poorly appreciated. We previously identified an array of cytoprotective enzymes in lung endothelial cells chronically exposed to non-toxic concentrations of hemin in vitro . In this study, we examined the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase and candidate cytoprotective enzymes in two models of transgenic mice with SCD, and examined HO-1 expression in sickle chronic lung disease. Although NAD(P)H oxidase catalyzes reactive oxygen species generation by heme and is responsible for increased adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium in SCD mice, there was no elevation of any of its subunits (gp91 Phox and p22 Phox , p47 Phox , p67 Phox and p40 Phox ) in sickle mice lungs compared to hemizygote control mice lungs. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed unexpectedly no difference in HO-1 mRNA level in sickle and non-sickle control lungs. On the contrary, analysis of the same tissues showed significantly higher NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) mRNA level in both Berkeley and Townes knock-in sickle mice compared to controls (p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Chinese Government Responsiveness to Internet Opinion: Promising but Dangerous

Despite its authoritarian bent, the Chinese government quickly and actively moves to respond to public pressure over misdeeds revealed and discussed on the internet. Netizens have reacted with dismay to news about natural and man-made disasters, official corruption, abuse of the legal system and other prominent issues. Yet in spite of the sensitivity of such topics and the persistence of China’s censorship apparatus, Beijing usually acts to quickly address these problems rather than sweeping them under the rug. This paper discusses the implications of China’s responsiveness to online opinion. While the advantages of a responsive government are clear, there are also potential dangers lurking in Beijing’s quickness to be swayed by online mass opinion. First, online opinion makers are demographically skewed toward the relative “winners” in China’s economic reforms, a process that creates short-term stability but potentially ensures that in the long run the concerns of less fortunate citizens are ignored. And, second, the increasing power of internet commentary risks warping the slow, fitful – but genuine – progress that China has made in recent years toward reforming its political and legal systems.
Delayed neurological manifestation in viper bite despite anti-snake venom therapy

Envenomation due to snake bite is an acute life threatening medical emergency. Among the different families of snakes, viper bites are known to cause local manifestations like cellulitis, blebs, compartment syndrome; as well as systemic manifestations which include neurological, hematological and renal failure. This is a case of a middle aged man who presented with viper bite. He was given anti-snake venom (ASV) and became asymptomatic. After about 72 hours of ASV therapy, he started developing generalised paralysis. He was given another course of ASV, following which he recovered completely. To the best of knowledge, this form of delayed neurological manifestations following viper bite, despite receiving ASV has not been reported yet.
Outcomes of surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the octogenarians—surgery still the gold standard?

Background: Contemporary options for aortic valve replacement (AVR) include transcatheter and surgical approaches (TAVR and SAVR). As evidence accrues for TAVR in high and intermediate risk patients, some clinicians advocate that all patients aged over 80 years should only receive TAVR. Our aim was to investigate the utility of SAVR and minimally invasive AVR (mAVR) among octogenarians in the current era of TAVR. Methods: From 2002 to 2015, 1,028 octogenarians underwent isolated AVR; 306 TAVR and 722 SAVR, of which 378 patients underwent mAVR. Logistic regression and Cox modeling were used to evaluate overall operative mortality and mid-term survival, respectively. Patients were stratified based on procedural approaches (mAVR or full sternotomy for SAVR, and transfemoral or alternate access for TAVR). Median follow-up was 35 [interquartile range (IQR) 14–65] months. Results: Compared to SAVR patients, TAVR patients were relatively older (86.2 versus 84.2 years) with co morbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and prior myocardial infarction (MI), all P Conclusions: After adjusting for confounders, TAVR (regardless of approach), SAVR, and mAVR had comparable operative mortality and mid-term survival. Treatment decisions should be individualized with consensus from a multi-disciplinary heart team, taking into account patient co morbidities, frailty, and quality of life. We believe certain patient groups will still benefit from SAVR even in this elderly population.
Immunochemical and compositional comparison of cytochrome P-450 cam of Pseudomonas putida and P-450 lm of phenobarbital-induced rabbit liver microsomes.

During the last two years my laboratory has been concerned with the determination of the structure and sequence of cytochrome P-450cam of Pseudomonas putida. One of our more recent lines of investigations is to compare this hemeprotein to P-450 cytochrome of higher organisms. The main objective of this investigation is to identify characteristic structural features common to P-450 type hemeproteins, and to demonstrate the value of the readily soluble and accessible, pure cytochrome P-450cam as a structural model.
An approach to managing food allergies in a child

The management of food allergies can be challenging for both the health professional and the family alike. Food allergies are not common in an unselected population but are found to occur more frequently in high risk allergy groups. Interpretation of investigations together with a thorough history-taking will guide the team to optimal diagnosis. Elimination diets are only to be advised thereafter by an experienced dietitian to ensure nutritional adequacy. Reintroduction of foods through a stepwise approach is recommended not only to include the tolerated food allergens back into the diet but also to liberalise it and facilitate adherence thereto.
The Fractal Nature of Lifestyles

This chapter describes the fractal (chaotic principle) structure of a criminal lifestyle and reminds the reader that a criminal lifestyle is only one out of an infinite number of possible lifestyles into which behavior can be organized. A good portion of this chapter is devoted to discussions on how different families of lifestyle have evolved over time and how lifestyles continue to evolve. Different families of lifestyle are first identified, followed by an in-depth analysis of a lifestyle from the same family of lifestyles as the criminal lifestyle (i.e., the drug lifestyle) that is relevant to the study and treatment of criminal behavior.
Robust Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Systems with Constraints

Abstract A technique is introduced for the design of a robustly stabilizing model predictive output feedback controller for continuous time-varying nonlinear constrained systems. The controller is easily implementable and computationally inexpensive. A family of first order approximations of the plant is used for computation of the optimal control moves, which allows the optimization problem to be posed as a quadratic programming problem. Through the use of a “stability constraint” the resulting control algorithm can be made asymptotically stable and is able to handle unknown time-varying disturbances and parameters, measurement bias and structural model/plant mismatch.
Some Notes on Drag Reduction in the Near-Wall Region

The last thirty years has seen an explosion of information concerning the structure of the near-wall region of bounded shear flows. (1967) were one of the first to examine its eddy structure and provide a detailed description using primarily visualization methods. They showed the existence of the ubiquitous low-speed streaks and coined the word “burst” to describe the violent lift-up and mixing. The intervening thirty years have provided many details about this region and its importance to the dynamics of bounded shear flows. It is well known that the eddies in this region control the production of turbulence and the drag due to the boundary. The general structure of the eddies and processes in this region is covered in the next section followed by a discussion of the similarities between this region and transitional flows. The use of suction and actuators for manipulating and controlling the eddies follow.
Private Import Safety Regulation and Transnational New Governance

This paper examines the role of ‘private’ (non-governmental) regulatory programs in assuring the safety of imported products. Focusing particularly on food safety it argues that private regulatory institutions have great capacity to control safety hazards and to implement dynamic systems for detecting and correcting nascent risks. However, to establish the accountability and legitimacy relationships necessary for long-term effectiveness, private safety regulatory programs must devise new ways of incorporating and responding to the interests of developing country producers, laborers, consumers, and governments. Developed country regulators can aid this process by ‘orchestrating’ transnational governance processes to ensure that private regulatory programs collect and share information, maximize transparency and participation in their standard setting procedures, and experience incentives to deploy maximal care in implementation, monitoring, and enforcement.
Diabetes Discharge Planning and Transitions of Care: A Focused Review

Background Diabetes is a growing problem in the United States. Increasing hospital admissions for diabetes patients demonstrate the need for evidence-based care of diabetes patients by inpatient providers, as well as the importance of continuity of care when transitioning patients from inpatient to outpatient providers. Methods A focused literature review of discharge planning and transitions of care in diabetes, conducted in PubMed is presented. Studies were selected for inclusion based on content focusing on transitions of care in diabetes, risk factors for readmission, the impact of inpatient diabetes education on patient outcomes, and optimal medication management of diabetes during care transitions. American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for care of patients during the discharge process are presented, as well as considerations for designing treatment regimens for a hospitalized patient transitioning to various care settings. Results Multiple factors may make transitions of care difficult, including poor communication, poor patient education, inappropriate follow-up, and clinically complex patients. ADA recommendations provide guidance, but an individualized approach for medication management is needed. Use of scoring systems may help identify patients at higher risk for readmission. Good communication with patients and outpatient providers is needed to prevent patient harm. A team-based approach is needed, utilizing the skills of inpatient and outpatient providers, diabetes educators, nurses, and pharmacists. Conclusion Structured discharge planning per guideline recommendations can help improve transitions in care for patients with diabetes. A team based, patient-centered approach can help improve patient outcomes by reducing medication errors, delay of care, and hospital readmissions.
Automatic skin lesion segmentation using deep fully convolutional networks

This paper summarizes our method and validation results for the ISIC Challenge 2018 - Skin Lesion Analysis Towards Melanoma Detection - Task 1: Lesion Segmentation
Neurosteroids in Pain Management: A New Perspective on an Old Player.

Since the discovery of the nervous system’s ability to produce steroid hormones, numerous studies have demonstrated their importance in modulating neuronal excitability. These central effects are mostly mediated through different ligand-gated receptor systems such as GABAA and NMDA, as well as voltage-dependent Ca2+ or K+ channels. Because these targets are also implicated in transmission of sensory information, it is not surprising that numerous studies have shown the analgesic properties of neurosteroids in various pain models. Physiological (nociceptive) pain has protective value for an organism by promoting survival in life-threatening conditions. However, more prolonged pain that results from dysfunction of nerves (neuropathic pain), and persists even after tissue injury has resolved, is one of the main reasons that patients seek medical attention. This review will focus mostly on the analgesic perspective of neurosteroids and their synthetic 5α and 5β analogues in nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions.
Teaching Cybersecurity with Networked Robots

The paper presents RoboScape, a collaborative, networked robotics environment that makes key ideas in computer science accessible to groups of learners in informal learning spaces and K-12 classrooms. RoboScape is built on top of NetsBlox, an open-source, networked, visual programming environment based on Snap! that is specifically designed to introduce students to distributed computation and computer networking. RoboScape provides a twist on the state of the art of robotics learning platforms. First, a user's program controlling the robot runs in the browser and not on the robot. There is no need to download the program to the robot and hence, development and debugging become much easier. Second, the wireless communication between a student's program and the robot can be overheard by the programs of the other students. This makes cybersecurity an immediate need that students realize and can work to address. We have designed and delivered a cybersecurity summer camp to 24 students in grades between 7 and 12. The paper summarizes the technology behind RoboScape, the hands-on curriculum of the camp and the lessons learned.
The CSU Sea-Pol Ship-Board Radar

Sea-Pol is ship- and land-deployable dual-polarization meterological radar system developed at Colorado State University. It is designed for operation aboard Global-class research ships operated by the US oceanographic community. The radar operates at C-band (5.65 GHz) and has a 4.3 meter stabilized antenna system. An inertial navigation unit (INU) is used to measure and compensate for ship platform motion. The radar can operate in simultaneous-transmit, simultaneous-receive (STSR) mode, as well as horizontal-transmit, simultaneous-receive mode. The radar uses a 250 kW coaxial magnetron transmitter capable of a variety of pulse widths and PRFs within a 0.12% duty cycle limit. The radar has a sensitivity of -7 dBZ at 100 km range. The radar is designed to be easily transported by virtue of being packaged in standard ISO-668 1C containers. Special care was taken to make Sea-Pol rapidly deployable and able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions aboard research ships on the open ocean.
Glider Observations of a Mesoscale Oceanic Island Wake

AbstractIn this study, a 2-yr time series of velocity profiles to 1000 m from meridional glider surveys is used to characterize the wake in the lee of a large island in the western tropical North P...