cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in perceived intensity and affect of pain between athletes and nonathletes.

The present investigation was conducted to test empirically possible gender differences between athletes and nonathletes on measures of perceived intensity and affect of pain. Athletes were 7 male and 7 female NCAA Division I track athletes. The nonathletes, 7 men and 7 women, were randomly selected from undergraduate classes in physical activities. Responses on visual analogue scales for perceived pain intensity and pain affect were recorded for a cold-water pressor test. Significant group differences examined by Bonferroni contrasts indicated differences between non-athletic women and the other 3 groups on intensity of pain and for male and female athletes on pain affect, as well as for male athletes and nonathletes on pain affect. Univariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences on intensity and affect associated with pain. Research must explore whether differences are related to socialization or personality.
A low-loss silicon-on-silicon DC-110-GHz resonance-free package

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a hermetic-compatible wafer-scale package for microwave and millimeter-wave devices. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines on a high-resistivity silicon wafer are covered with another silicon wafer using gold-to-gold thermo-compression bonding. Oxide is used as a dielectric inter-layer for CPW feed-throughs underneath the gold sealing ring. A 130-/spl mu/m-high cavity is etched in the cap wafer to remove an impact of capping wafer on CPW lines or RF devices. The designed feed-through has an insertion loss of 0.05-0.26 dB at dc-110 GHz with a return loss of <-20 dB (per transition). The gold sealing ring is connected to the CPW ground to eliminate any parasitic resonance and leakage of the package. The whole packaged CPW line has a measured insertion loss of 0.2-0.7 dB and return loss of <-20 dB at dc-110 GHz.
The Relationship of Self-Efficacy and Perceived Well-Being to Physical Activity and Stair Climbing in Older Adults

(1994). The Relationship of Self-Efficacy and Perceived Well-Being to Physical Activity and Stair Climbing in Older Adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 367-371.
Moving bodies and the staging of the tourist experience

Abstract This article looks into guided tours as an exemplary kinesthetic consumption experience and focuses on the work of tour guides as influential agents who participate in the tourism staging of the destination. As opposed to the overwhelming emphasis placed on the discursive construction of tourist places, my analytic lens is the moving body and its manifold engagement with the surrounding space. Grounded on fieldwork at a National Military Park, I provide insight into three clusters of strategies of body-space staging: spatialization, emplacement, and regulation. I also extend existing knowledge on the staging of tourist experiences by theorizing the construction of a tourism stage as an aggregate of three overlapping and intertwined staging modes: communicative, material, and body-space.
On the Mechanism for the, Development of Polar Lows

Abstract To evaluate the relative importance of different mechanisms responsible for the formation of polar lows, we have developed a three-layer, two-dimensional, quasi-geostrophic model, which includes both the effects of latent heating and baroclinity. Latent heating was parameterized for both stable precipitation associated with moist baroclinic processes as well as for convective precipitation associated with Conditional Instability of the Second Kind (CISK). Seven case studies and other observational studies are used to demonstrate that CISK or dry baroclinity does not individually provide the necessary forcing to allow the instability to grow to the observed wavelengths at the observed rates. It is found that moist baroclinic processes alone may explain the origin of Pacific polar lows, while moist baroclinity and CISK are essential in the genesis of Atlantic polar lows. Thus, there appears to be two types of polar lows. Sensitivity studies reveal the importance of low-level shear for the Atlantic ...
Socio-technical evolution of Decentralized Energy Systems: A critical review and implications for urban planning and policy

Abstract The growth of Decentralized Energy Systems (DES) signals a new frontier in urban energy planning and design of local energy systems. As affordability of renewable energy technologies (RET) increases, cities and urban regions become the venues, not only for energy consumption but also for generation and distribution, which calls for systemic and paradigmatic change in local energy infrastructure. The decentralizing transitions of urban energy systems, particularly solar photovoltaic and thermal technologies, require a comprehensive assessment of their sociotechnical co-evolution – how technologies and social responses evolve together and how their co-evolution affects urban planning and energy policies. So far, urban planning literature has mainly focused on the impact of physical urban forms on efficiency of energy consumption, overlooking how the dynamics of new energy technologies and associated social responses affect local systems of energy infrastructure, the built environments and their residents. This paper provides an interdisciplinary review on the co-evolving technical and social dynamics of DES focusing on Distributed Generation (DG), MicroGrids (MG), and Smart MicroGrids (SMG), in order to draw insights for their integration in urban planning and policy, in particular reference to climate change mitigation and adaptation planning.
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld: Domestic Enforcement of International Law

International law has long been subjected to the charge that it isn't really law - at least not in the sense that we usually imagine law. There is no international police force standing ready to enforce the laws of the international community against states that violate them. There is no court system that can adjudicate violations and assess penalties. And, with a few exceptions, there is no mechanism for penalizing states found to have fallen short of the law's rules. This has led some to conclude that most of international law is little more than cheap talk - words not backed up deeds and, hence, without any real force. And yet this view of international law misses much of what makes international law relevant and powerful: International law is not only enforced by states against one another, but it is also enforced by states against themselves. That is to say, it is enforced by domestic courts and political institutions that pressure their own government to live up to the promises it has made; it is enforced by individuals and interest groups that pressure the political branches of government to live up to international legal commitments they have made, whether they can be enforced in the courts or not; and it enforced by individuals or groups that use a state's own court system to enforce international law through litigation. It is this missing part of the picture - the enforcement of international law at home - that this essay brings to light. This essay explores these issues through the lens of one of the most important international law cases in the United States in at least the last decade: Hamdan v. Rumsfeld. The case powerfully illustrates both the promise and limits of domestic enforcement of international law. The circumstances that gave rise to it demonstrate the hurdles that domestic enforcement of international law faces in even the most robust democracies. It stands as a stark reminder that the domestic enforcement of international law relies not only on the existence of robust rule of law institutions, but also on the ability of those institutions to reach the cases in which international legal rules are at stake. And yet Hamdan also offers a more hopeful message: Domestic enforcement of international law can succeed even where there is stringent resistance by even the most powerful of political actors. The story of Hamdan is thus the story of both the fragility and the power of domestic enforcement of international law, and in this story lies broader lessons for the promise and limits of international law as a whole.
Unresponsive, Unpersuaded: The Unintended Consequences of Voter Persuasion Eorts

Can randomized experiments at the individual level help assess the persuasive effects of campaign tactics? To answer that question, we analyze a field experiment conducted during the 2008 presidential election in which 56,000 registered voters in Wisconsin were assigned to persuasive canvassing, phone calls, and/or mail. We find that persuasive appeals by canvassers had two unintended consequences. First, they reduced responsiveness to a follow-up survey among infrequent voters, a substantively interesting behavioral response that has implications for the statistical analysis of persuasion experiments. Second, the persuasive appeals possibly reduced candidate support and certainly did not increase it. This counter-intuitive finding is reinforced by multiple statistical methods and suggests that contact by a political campaign can engender a backlash.
Commentary: Should Gender Differences be Included in the Evolutionary Upgrade to Cognitive Load Theory?

Recent upgrades to cognitive load theory suggest that evolutionary processes have shaped the way that working memory processes cultural and social information. According to evolutionarily educational psychologists, some forms of information are processed with lower working memory loads than other forms. The former are evolutionarily salient and the latter historically recent and evolutionarily novel. Sex differences in evolutionary pressures have resulted in some differences in aspects of associated working memory systems that are relevant to cognitive load theory. For this reason this paper suggests that gender differences in information processing via evolutionary processes is an important consideration that should be added to current theory.
Real-Time Kinetic Analysis of Hydrogen Abstraction and Etching Reactions Using Pulsed-Gas PECVD of Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

Hydrogen elimination reactions, abstraction and etching, are monitored in real-time using a differentially pumped mass spectrometer, while intermittently exposing a hydrogenated silicon surface to atomic deuterium. The mass spectrometer signals are used to predict the kinetics of the abstraction reaction, and to qualitatively treat the etch reaction.
Simulation of Wind Turbine Emulation based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The properties of wind turbines are studied in the light of principles of aerodynamics.Also,the approaches to tracing and capturing maximal wind energy are discussed.Based on the research into the model for permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM),the properties of wind turbines are emulated by adopting direct torque control theory.In MATLAB/SIMULINK environment,the simulation model for wind turbine emulation based on permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed.The simulation of wind turbine properties and maximal wind energy capture indicates that the system is feasible.
Computational Thermodynamics of Materials

This unique and comprehensive introduction offers an unrivalled and in-depth understanding of the computational-based thermodynamic approach and how it can be used to guide the design of materials for robust performances, integrating basic fundamental concepts with experimental techniques and practical industrial applications, to provide readers with a thorough grounding in the subject. Topics covered range from the underlying thermodynamic principles, to the theory and methodology of thermodynamic data collecting, analysis, modeling, and verification, with details on free energy, phase equilibrium, phase diagrams, chemical reactions, and electrochemistry. In thermodynamic modelling, the authors focus on the CALPHAD method and first-principles calculations. They also provide guidance for use of YPHON, a mixed-space phonon code developed by the authors for polar materials based on the supercell approach. Including worked examples, case studies, and end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential resource for students, researchers, and practitioners in materials science.
In vivo functional analysis of Drosophila Robo1 immunoglobulin-like domains.

In animals with bilateral symmetry, midline crossing of axons in the developing central nervous system is regulated by Slit ligands and their neuronal Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Multiple structural domains are present in an evolutionarily conserved arrangement in Robo family proteins, but our understanding of the functional importance of individual domains for midline repulsive signaling is limited. We have examined the functional importance of each of the five conserved immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains within the Drosophila Robo1 receptor. We generated a series of Robo1 variants, each lacking one of the five Ig domains (Ig1-5), and tested each for their ability to bind Slit when expressed in cultured Drosophila cells. We used a transgenic approach to express each variant in robo1’s normal expression pattern in wild-type and robo1 mutant embryos, and examined the effects of deleting each domain on receptor expression, axonal localization, regulation, and midline repulsive signaling in vivo. We show that individual deletion of Ig domains 2–5 does not interfere with Robo1’s ability to bind Slit, while deletion of Ig1 strongly disrupts Slit binding. None of the five Ig domains (Ig1-5) are individually required for proper expression of Robo1 in embryonic neurons, for exclusion from commissural axon segments in wild-type embryos, or for downregulation by Commissureless (Comm), a negative regulator of Slit-Robo repulsion in Drosophila. Each of the Robo1 Ig deletion variants (with the exception of Robo1∆Ig1) were able to restore midline crossing in robo1 mutant embryos to nearly the same extent as full-length Robo1, indicating that Ig domains 2–5 are individually dispensable for midline repulsive signaling in vivo. Our findings indicate that four of the five Ig domains within Drosophila Robo1 are dispensable for its role in midline repulsion, despite their strong evolutionary conservation, and highlight a unique requirement for the Slit-binding Ig1 domain in the regulation of midline crossing.
X-ray-absorption near-edge-structure study of La2-x(Ba,Sr)xCuO4-y superconductors.

Superconductors with the composition La/sub 2-//sub x/(Ba,Sr)/sub x/CuO/sub 4-//sub y/ and x = 0.0 to 0.3 have been studied through measurements of x-ray-absorption near-edge-structure at the Cu K and La L edges. Contrary to recent band-structure calculations, we find that the Cu 3d electrons are localized with the copper ions having an integral 3d/sup 9/ configuration (2 + valence) independent of dopant concentration. Variation in the area of the ''white lines'' at the La L/sub 2,3/ edges with doping indicates that reduction of the valence charge results in an increase in unoccupied states (probably consisting of holes in the O 2p band) having d symmetry relative to the La site. These O 2p holes also appear to have d symmetry with respect to the Cu sites.
Eszopiclone and Zolpidem Do Not Affect the Prevalence of the Low Arousal Threshold Phenotype

Study Objectives:We sought to determine whether non benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics (NBSH) reduce the occurrence of the low arousal threshold (LAT) phenotype.Methods:Consecutive patients with sus...
Patterning metamaterials for fast and efficient single-photon sources

Solid state quantum emitters are prime candidates to realize fast on-demand single-photon sources. The improvement in photon emission and collection efficiencies for quantum emitters, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, can be achieved by using a near-field coupling to nanophotonic structures. Plasmonic metamaterial structures with hyperbolic dispersion have been previously demonstrated to significantly increase the fluorescence decay rates from NV centers. However, the electromagnetic waves propagating inside the metamaterial must be outcoupled before they succumb to ohmic losses. We propose a nano-grooved hyperbolic metamaterial that improves the collection efficiency from a nanodiamond-based NV center by a factor of 4.3 compared to the case of coupling to a flat metamaterial. Our design can be utilized to achieve highly efficient and fast single-photon sources based on a variety of quantum emitters.
Crystal Structure of Chicken γS-Crystallin Reveals Lattice Contacts with Implications for Function in the Lens and the Evolution of the βγ-Crystallins.

Summary Previous attempts to crystallize mammalian γS-crystallin were unsuccessful. Native L16 chicken γS crystallized avidly while the Q16 mutant did not. The X-ray structure for chicken γS at 2.3 A resolution shows the canonical structure of the superfamily plus a well-ordered N arm aligned with a β sheet of a neighboring N domain. L16 is also in a lattice contact, partially shielded from solvent. Unexpectedly, the major lattice contact matches a conserved interface (QR) in the multimeric β-crystallins. QR shows little conservation of residue contacts, except for one between symmetry-related tyrosines, but molecular dipoles for the proteins with QR show striking similarities while other γ-crystallins differ. In γS, QR has few hydrophobic contacts and features a thin layer of tightly bound water. The free energy of QR is slightly repulsive and analytical ultracentrifugation confirms no dimerization in solution. The lattice contacts suggest how γ-crystallins allow close packing without aggregation in the crowded environment of the lens.
Unexpected diagnosis of appendicitis in a paediatric patient with febrile neutropaenia and acute myeloid leukaemia.

A 3-year-old boy with M7 acute myeloid leukaemia was admitted for induction chemotherapy with cytarabine, daunorubicin and etoposide. Two days later, he developed febrile neutropaenia and was started on cefepime. Blood cultures showed no growth and the fevers abated. Three weeks later, while still neutropaenic and receiving cefepime, the fevers recurred and persisted for 3 days with a maximum fever of 39.8° C. Antibiotics were changed to vancomycin and meropenem. He was non-toxic appearing without localising symptoms. He …
From golden to unimodular cryptography

Abstract We introduce a natural generalization of the golden cryptography, which uses general unimodular matrices in place of the traditional Q matrices, and prove that it preserves the original error correction properties of the encryption. Moreover, the additional parameters involved in generating the coding matrices make this unimodular cryptography resilient to the chosen plaintext attacks that worked against the golden cryptography. Finally, we show that even the golden cryptography is generally unable to correct double errors in the same row of the ciphertext matrix, and offer an additional check number which, if transmitted, allows for the correction.
Sustainability analysis of Bolted Joints through strength evaluation

Abstract Threaded fasteners, including all varieties of bolts, make our industrial, commercial, and even civil worlds possible, by providing simple, economic means to join an infinite variety of small parts together to create such large and useful objects as automobiles, airplanes, buildings, plows, looms, and printing presses .The vehicles used for heavy engineering applications often are large and most of it connected using bolted joints. These vehicles are used in constructions, demolitions or recycling and underground Mining operations. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structural durability of joint considering the Slip factor and Shear factor. The effect of protective paintings on the parts that are connected is studied in the analysis. After finalizing the bolt design, the CAD model of the frame is obtained and FE model is created. FE model is created using the HyperMesh tool. The FE model after completion is given in Abaqus software for analysis. The computerized software facilitates for the quick design and FE model of the frame and gets the required results. The results obtained in Abaqus are taken and plotted in graphs and checked for failure.
Transportation characteristics associated with non-arrivals to paediatric clinic appointments: a retrospective analysis of 51 580 scheduled visits

Background Prior work has not studied the effects of transportation accessibility and patient factors on clinic non-arrival. Objectives Our objectives were: (1) to evaluate transportation characteristics and patient factors associated with clinic non-arrival, (2) to evaluate the comparability of bus and car drive time estimates, and (3) to evaluate the combined effects of transportation accessibility and income on scheduled appointment non-arrival. Methods We queried electronic administrative records at an urban general pediatrics clinic. We compared patient and transportation characteristics between arrivals and non-arrivals for scheduled appointments using multivariable modeling. Results There were 15 346 (29.8%) clinic non-arrivals. In separate car and bus multivariable models that controlled for patient and transit characteristics, we identified significant interactions between income and drive time, and clinic non-arrival. Patients in the lowest quartile of income who were also in the longest quartile of travel time by bus had an increased OR of clinic non-arrival compared with patients in the lowest quartile of income and shortest quartile of travel time by bus (1.55; P Conclusions Clinic non-arrival is associated with the interaction of longer travel time and lower income.
Autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation restores hematopoietic function following marrow ablative therapy

From ten patients with advanced malignant disease involving the bone marrow, autologous hematopoietic stem cells were collected from the peripheral blood during eight four-hour pheresis procedures and cryopreserved. No manipulations to increase the number of stem cells circulating in the blood were used during the collections. Following marrow ablative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, the autologous cells were thawed and infused intravenously (IV). WBCs reappeared in the circulation at a median of eight days (range seven to 11 days) after stem cell infusion. Two patients died early, whereas the other eight reached normal numbers of circulating granulocytes that have persisted for up to greater than 20 months. These eight patients became independent of RBC transfusions (hemoglobin concentration greater than 10 g/dL) at a median of 27 days (range 11 to 58 days) after transplantation. One patient received platelet transfusions for counts less than 50 x 109)/L, one patient developed a clinical picture of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and six patients maintained a platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L at a median of 23 days (range 14 to 25 days) following stem cell infusion. This technique allows patients ineligible for autologous bone marrow transplantation due to unacceptable anesthetic risks, prior pelvic irradiation, or bone marrow metastases to receive marrow ablative therapy.
Histocultures of patient head and neck tumors for pharmacodynamics studies.

This investigation was to establish a clinically relevant experimental model to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of drugs used for head and neck cancers. A total of 83 surgical samples of primary and lymph nodal metastatic tumors was obtained from 66 patients. Fragments of these tumors were cultured on a collagen gel matrix. The tumor cell labeling index (LI) was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiography. Seventeen tumors (20%) were contaminated. About 80% of the remaining 65 tumors were successfully cultured for at least 2 weeks. The cultured tumor fragments retained the morphology and architecture of the freshly removed specimens; both tumor and stromal cells were present. The tumor cell LI after 2–3 weeks in culture, determined from the most proliferative area of the tissue, averaged 77 ± 12% for primary tumors and 78 ± 12% for nodal metastases. The activity of three clinically active agents, 5-fluorouracil (FU), cisplatin (DDP), and mitomycin C (MMC), was evaluated in 47 tumors. All three drugs inhibited the tumor LI. The concentrations needed to produce a 50% inhibition of the tumor LI (IC50) were within the clinically achievable concentration range. The intertumor variation in the IC50 for FU (60-fold) was considerably greater than that for DDP and MMC (7- to 8-fold). The nodal metastatic tumors appeared to be less sensitive to FU than the primary tumors, while there were no apparent differences for DDP or MMC. Tumors from patients previously treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy appeared less sensitive to FU and DDP than tumors from untreated patients, but the differences were not statistically significant. Interestingly, tumors from previously treated patients were significantly more sensitive to MMC than tumors from untreated patients. The maintenance of the morphology of the fresh tumor and the observed intertumor variability in IC50 values indicate the preservation of intra- and intertumor heterogeneity in the histocultures. In summary the viability and high success rate of growth of human head and neck tumors in organ-like culture and the chemosensitivity of the cultured tumors to clinically active agents at clinically achievable concentrations support the use of this experimental model for pharmacodynamic evaluation.
Prospects for Control of Fertility in the Female Dog by Active Immunization with Porcine Zona Pellucida Proteins

Overpopulation of domestic dogs is a serious problem both in the United States and in many other countries. In the City and County of Honolulu alone, 21,614 dogs and cats were euthanized by the Humane Society from July 1983 through June 1984 simply because they were unwanted. That constituted 87.5% of the animals they took in (figures from Hawaiian Humane Society). Obviously, birth control technology is not the entire solution to this problem, because the best technology will not work unless owners of dogs can be motivated to use it. However, if humane organizations will do their job of educating people to control their pets’ fertility, it will be our job to provide a variety of contraceptive strategies to meet the variety of anticipated needs.
Uveal Melanoma and Pregnancy: A Report of 16 Cases

Abstract A review of 3706 consecutive patients with uveal melanoma over a 17-year period revealed that 16 patients (0.4%) were pregnant women at the time of diagnosis. The mean age at presentation in this group was 30 years and the mean months of gestation at the time of diagnosis of the posterior uveal melanoma was 6 months. Seven of the sixteen tumors were active uveal melanomas at the initial examination and were treated immediately, while the remaining nine tumors were initially diagnosed as suspicious choroidal nevi or dormant choroidal melanomas, seven of which grew into active melanomas during the course of the pregnancy, necessitating therapy. The tumors were managed by enucleation in 10 cases, plaque radiotherapy either during or after pregnancy in 4 cases, and observation in 2 cases. Histopathologically, the melanomas did not differ appreciably in cell type, mitotic activity, and other features when compared with a matched group of tumors in nonpregnant women. All of the patients who elected to carry the pregnancy to term (14 cases) delivered healthy babies with no placental or infant metastases. The 5year survival rate using the life table method in these pregnant women with posterior uveal melanoma is 71% and is similar to the survival of nonpregnant women with posterior uveal melanoma reported in other series.
A compendium of Coastal Dune Lakes in Northwest Florida

This is a description and review of the coastal dune lakes of Northwest Florida. Coastal dune lakes are globally rare, tannin-stained, and shallow irregularly shaped lakes within 2 miles of the coast. The lakes in Northwest Florida are unique ecosystems among costal dune lakes of the world due to an intermittent connection to the Gulf of Mexico during high tides, rain events, or storm surge. The connection allows for water exchange and a temporary or semi-permanent estuarine environment. Data and management practices for nineteen lakes in Walton County Florida is collected and described. Each lake has a unique shape, size, outflow length, and surroundings. Few data exist on the biological communities of the coastal dune lakes of Northwest Florida. Coastal dune lakes are threatened by anthropogenic impacts such as coastal development, climate change, and exotic/ invasive species.
A HEART STOPPING ALARM

Syncope due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) in congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) has many triggers including sudden sounds and sleep disturbances. A 64 year old female with LQTS on Atenolol presented as an out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation arrest resuscitated with
Emotions and emotional energy in the science classroom: a discussion of measurement

In this commentary, I consider different theoretical and methodological aspects of Davis and Bellocchi’s study. I begin by identifying definitions of constructs of emotions and emotional energy. Next, I offer an alternative perspective for the reported findings in light of the control-value theory of achievement emotions. After that, I discuss different methods of measuring emotions, focusing specially on their merits and shortcomings. The paper then ends with a discussion about the important contributions of Davis and Bellocchi’s study wherein I outline a number of points science education researchers could consider in studying emotions.
Evidence supporting nubility and reproductive value as the key to human female physical attractiveness

Abstract Selection should favor mating preferences that increase the chooser's reproductive success. Many previous studies have shown that the women men find most attractive in well-nourished populations have low body mass indices (BMIs) and small waist sizes combined with relatively large hips, resulting in low waist-hip ratios (WHRs). A frequently proposed explanation for these preferences is that such women may have enhanced health and fertility; but extensive evidence contradicts this health-and-fertility explanation. An alternative view is that men are attracted to signs of nubility and high reproductive value, i.e., by indicators of physical and sexual maturity in young women who have not been pregnant. Here we provide evidence in support of the view that a small waist size together with a low WHR and BMI is a strong and reliable sign of nubility. Using U.S. data from large national health surveys, we show that WHR, waist/thigh, waist/stature, and BMI are all lower in the age group (15-19) in which women reach physical and sexual maturity, after which all of these anthropometric measures increase. We also show that a smaller waist, in conjunction with relatively larger hips or thighs, is strongly associated with nulligravidity and with higher blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid that is probably limiting for infant brain development. Thus, a woman with the small waist and relatively large hips that men find attractive is very likely to be nubile and nulliparous, with maximal bodily stores of key reproductive resources.
Nature in Built Space in Sub-Saharan Africa

There are many political, economic, social, technological, ecological, cultural and historical (PESTECH) factors affecting efforts to promote nature in built space in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Because of its checkered history, especially as it concerns colonialism, the region’s policies are heavily influenced by historical factors. This is particularly the case with policies relating to nature in built space, which are a subset of urban or town planning policies bequeathed to indigenous authorities by departing colonial masters. This chapter highlights the traces of colonialism not only in its treatment of the historical factors but also in its analysis of the political, economic and technological contexts of efforts to promote nature in built space. In doing so, the chapter demonstrates the intensity of colonial influence on urban and peri-urban forestry, and farming, water supply and energy in the built environment in SSA.
Evaluation of Phosphoethanolamine Cellulose Production among Bacterial Communities using Congo Red Fluorescence.

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities of bacterial cells enmeshed in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The biofilm lifestyle results in physiological heterogeneity across the community, promotes persistence, and protects cells from external insults such as antibiotic treatment. Escherichia coli was recently discovered to produce a chemically modified form of cellulose, phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) cellulose, which contributes to the formation of its extracellular matrix and elaboration of its hallmark wrinkled macrocolony architectures. Both pEtN cellulose and unmodified cellulose bind dyes such as calcofluor white and Congo red (CR). Here, we present the use of CR fluorescence to distinguish between pEtN cellulose and unmodified cellulose producers. We demonstrate the utility of this tool in the evaluation of a uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolate that appeared to produce curli and a cellulosic component but did not exhibit macrocolony wrinkling. We determined that lack of macrocolony wrinkling was attributed to a single-nucleotide mutation and introduction of a stop codon in bcsG, abrogating production of BcsG, the pEtN transferase. Thus, this work underscores the important contribution of the pEtN cellulose modification to the E. coli agar-based macrocolony wrinkling phenotype and introduces a facile approach to distinguish between modified and unmodified cellulose. IMPORTANCEE. coli bacteria produce amyloid fibers, termed curli, and a cellulosic component to assemble biofilm communities. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and we recently discovered that the cellulosic component in E. coli biofilms was not standard cellulose, but a newly identified cellulosic polymer, phosphoethanolamine cellulose. Studies involving the biological and functional impact of this cellulose modification among E. coli and other organisms are just beginning. Convenient methods for distinguishing pEtN cellulose from unmodified cellulose in E. coli and for estimating production are needed to facilitate further research. Dissecting the balance of pEtN cellulose and curli production by E. coli commensal strains and clinical isolates will improve our understanding of the host microbiome and of factors contributing to bacterial pathogenesis.
Genetic Loss of IK1 Causes Adrenergic-Induced Phase 3 Early Afterdepolariz ations and Polymorphic and Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia.

Background: Arrhythmia syndromes associated with KCNJ2 mutations have been described clinically; however, little is known of the underlying arrhythmia mechanism. We create the first patient inspire...
Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis in Helicobacter pylori gastritis: comparison before and after treatment.

Our aims were to assess performance of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte counting for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis, and effects of eradication therapy on intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Paired duodenal and gastric biopsies from subjects with a pathologic diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis were reviewed. Higher duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were observed in 40 subjects with H. pylori gastritis (26 ± 5 per villus) than 52 subjects negative for H. pylori (12 ± 2 per villus). After successful eradication therapy, duodenal lymphocytes were indistinguishable from H. pylori–negative subjects, whereas they remained elevated after failed eradication therapy. This study confirms previous reports of increased duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytes in patients with concurrent Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts of > 15 per villus or > 10 per 100 enterocytes were predictive of infection. Duodenal lymphocytosis decreases significantly after successful eradication therapy but remains elevated when treatment fails.
Blue Light Protection, Part I-Effects of blue light on the skin.

Background Blue light is emitted visible light between the wavelengths of 400 to 500 nm. The main source of blue light is sunlight, but digital screens, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and fluorescent lighting serve as additional sources. Concerns about the negative effects of blue light on the skin have rapidly increased over the past 15 years, and consequently, the urge to learn more about this topic is increasing as well. Aims Part I of this article provides up-to-date information on the definition of blue light and the negative and positive effects of blue light on the skin. Methods An Internet search was completed using the Google scholar database for relevant literature. Results Blue light can be both harmful and beneficial to the skin, depending on intensity and wavelength. Short-term safety information is more readily available from clinical studies; however, the biological effects of repeated and/or longer-term exposure are not fully understood yet. Conclusions Low-energy and low exposure times to high-energy blue light can help prevent skin diseases, while studies have revealed that longer exposure to high-energy blue light can increase the amount of DNA damage, cell and tissue death, and injury, eye damage, skin barrier damage, and photoaging.
Farmers Markets Rules and Policies: Content and Design Suggestions (From a Lawyer)

Farmers market rules and policies can do a lot for a market. They can set out what products can be sold, how vendors are selected, what’s expected of vendors from growing practices to signage to paperwork, and how vendors are disciplined or removed from the market. Rules and policies can do even more. They can describe a market’s history and philosophy, educate consumers, signal compliance with regulatory requirements, and reinforce tax-exempt status or organizational form. Rules can also operate as contracts, with meaningful legal protection and risk management value. One consequence of this functionality is that rules and policy documents can get pretty long. The landscape gets even more complex when the rules are accompanied by separate vendor applications, hold-harmless agreements, and membership materials, and the market has a website providing additional information. All this can put a quite a reading burden on vendors and quite a management burden on the market. This article is about ways to both maximize the value to a market of its rules and minimize the load on the user.
Common Injury Patterns from Standing Motorized Scooter Crashes.

With the rising popularity of standing motorized scooters in major cities in the United States, many hospitals are experiencing a surge of traumatic injuries associated with this new mode of transportation. The impact and characteristics of injuries associated with standing motorized scooters are evolving, and safety regulations for the riders are poorly defined. There is a need for a review for healthcare providers and policy makers on this topic. Since its market introduction of rentable standing motorized scooters in late 2017, there has been an exponential rise in emergency department visits and hospitalization due to scooter-related trauma in urban hospitals. There have been a number of independent hospital-based and national-level studies describing demographics and trends of injury patterns in the last 2 years. Patients presenting to the hospital with injuries tend to be young male between 20 and 40 years of age, presenting at night. Head and extremity injuries are common, and patients often do not comply with helmets and other protective gears. Intoxication is a major risk factor for injuries requiring hospital admission and surgical interventions. These findings increase awareness for (1) healthcare providers to recognize and triage high-energy injuries, and (2) policy makers to advocate universal helmet use, increase public safety education, and enforce road safety regulations to minimize the impact of these injuries.
Elegy to the Nanguan Mosque (1981-2020)

This article charts the fortunes of Nanguan Mosque in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over the past forty years.
Singular Solutions of the Optimal Pursuer Response to Fixed Control Strategies of a Dual-Evader Defensive Team

The optimal pursuer response to fixed evader control strategies within a single-pursuer, dual-evader engagement is examined. The evaders inflict a cost on the pursuer during the engagement based on the relative geometry of the three-agent system, and the pursuer strives to minimize the total accumulated cost over the duration of the engagement. Three possible termination cases are presented, and unique optimality conditions are examined for each. Singularities are then discussed, which include a singularity in the case of simultaneous capture and an analytically proven dispersal surface. We conclude by presenting a pair of unique dispersal surfaces and highlight the effect the solutions emanating from these surfaces have on their resultant value functions.
The Reception of Ockham’s Thought in Fourteenth-Century England

In the autumn of 1363 Wyclif returned to Oxford to take lodgings at Queen’s College and begin his formal training in theology. The Oxford of that day was supposedly dominated by the nominalistic philosophy and theology of Ockham and of his disciples, although not exclusively so. After a period of initial and vehement opposition to Ockham in the 1320s, it has been assumed that Ockham’s thought attracted a group of fervent disciples and influenced many others. The principal Ockhamists of the next generation, or what is sometimes called ‘the English school of nominalism,’ are identified in almost any textbook of medieval philosophy as being Robert Holcot and Adam Wodeham. On occasion other names are added: William Crathorn, Thomas Buckingham, William Heytesbury, and John Dumbleton. The areas of discipleship vary, but those most frequently mentioned are: a nominalistic metaphysics, an epistemology of intuitive cognition, a terminist logic, a nominalistic physics, and a semi-Pelagian soteriology. Although an actual head-count is rarely provided, it is taken for granted that by 1335 many Oxford authors were sympathetic to Ockham and that Ockhamist teaching was not effectively displaced by the countervoices of Fitzralph and Bradwardine, a situation that lasted until Wyclif’s campaign against Ockham and the ‘doctors of signs’.
A. Salmony, Carved Jade of Ancient China

(1940). A. Salmony, Carved Jade of Ancient China. The Art Bulletin: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 52-55.
High Mobility Group Protein I(Y) A Candidate Architectural Protein for Chromosomal Rearrangements in Prostate Cancer Cells

The extent of chromosomal rearrangements correlates positively with the level of expression of the nuclear matrix high mobility group (HMG) proteins HMGI(Y) when tested in three human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 > DU-145 > LNCaP). HMGI(Y), topoisomerase II, and A-T-rich sequences have been reported to be located at the base of the DNA loop domains in both the nucleus and chromosome and are juxtapositioned for chromosomal rearrangement. Transfecting and expressing full-length HMG-I into the LNCaP cell markedly enhanced the presence and heterogeneity of unbalanced (nonreciprocal) chromosomal rearrangements but not of balanced rearrangements. Unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements are common in solid human tumors.
Quality Assurance Aspects of Environmental (Aerometric) Data Management

Considerable attention has been directed towards techniques and procedures which facilitate the high quality of field-collected ambient environmental data. This study addresses the quality control methods used to assure data quality after the data have been recorded. The two major elements associated with the validation of much of Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA's) environmental data are: (1) initial computer flagging of physically/chemically questionable and outlying data and (2) analyst review and feedback to field technicians to implement corrective actions. Examples of these procedures as applied to aerometric data are discussed. The benefits of this approach include timely feedback to the field technicians to resolve potential problems with a monitoring system and assignment of quality code ratings and precisions and accuracy to all archived and reported data. 4 references, 4 figures, 1 table.
Sufentanil versus fentanyl in intraoperative and postoperative periods in pediatric patients

In our study we compared sufentanil vs fentanyl in children undergoing Lich–Gregoir antireflux plasty. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the hemodynamic parameters during anesthesia as well as the time of extubation of both opioid analgesics. Patients were included in two groups of 20 patients: group I, sufentanil and group II, fentanyl (mean age 5.42 ± 3.25 years; mean body weight 15.87 ± 4.02 kg). All were premedicated with midazolam 0.2 mg/kg intranasally, 10 min before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with sufentanil 0.5 μg/kg (group I) or fentanyl 2 μg/kg (group II) and propofol 3–4 mg/kg, followed by vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained using isofluorane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. In group I sufentanil was administered in the dose of 1 μg/kg intravenously prior to skin incision. In group II fentanyl was administered in the dose of 1 μg/kg intravenously at the same time. Hemodynamic parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded. Following induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation, hemodynamic parameters in group I did not increase. During intubation patients in group II showed an increase of measured hemodynamic parameters. The average time before postoperative tracheal extubation was 62.20 ± 15.55 min in the sufentanil group and 75.27 ± 10.20 min in the fentanyl group, which was statistically significant. In the ICU pain and overall satisfaction were assessed with a 10-point visual scale. There was no difference in the requirements for pain relief. Our study showed that sufentanil versus fentanyl in an appropriate dose does not change hemodynamic parameters during anesthesia induction. Postoperative requirements for pain relief were the same in both opioid analgesics.