cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Teachers Use Computers in Instructional Practice ‐ Four Examples in American Schools

As the age of electronic images began, rapid social change and the proliferation of new technologies immediately affected almost all aspects of our lives. Especially in the art world, computers are making new and unique aesthetic experiences possible and changing the way in which art is conceived, created, and perceived. A new world has opened for artists, educators, and their students. Technology development seems to require the teaching profession to make changes at an unprecedented rate. However, despite the predictions made by enthusiastic technologists in the early 1980s, computer technology has not revolutionised education. With limited examples of how computer technologies are currently used in American K-12 art classrooms, art teachers at times were unfairly blamed for not embracing new technology. This paper challenges the assumption that teachers are reluctant to change or to embrace the new possibilities of integrating computers in art teaching and learning. It calls for more and better research that is grounded in real art classroom settings. By providing experiences of four Ohio K-12 art educators, this paper aims to offer contextual information and useful insights on strategies for the productive integration of computers into art teaching in contrast to the body of literature that speculates upon how computers should or might be useful in teaching art.
Erythrocyte membranes--compression of lipid phases by increased cholesterol content.

Abstract Lipid and protein interactions were studied in guinea pig erythrocytes containing a normal or a two-fold increased amount of cholesterol. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of cholesterol-loaded cells labeled with fatty-acid probes showed an increase in the local viscosity of the membrane as compared with control cells. This increase reflects changes in the interior of the lipid matrix of the membrane because the probes resisted destruction by ascorbate, were unaffected by the action of pronase, and gave spectra similar to those of liposomes. No differences were observed between control and cholesterol-loaded cells in the conformation of the membrane proteins by either the infrared spectra or the ESR spectra of cells labeled with maleimide probes.
Potassium fertilization effects on yield and longevity of established alfalfa

Abstract Limited information is available which describes the response of established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to topdressing applications of K fertilizer in the Southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted for three years to determine alfalfa response to rates and time of K application. The experiments were established in two‐year old stands of alfalfa on a Decatur silty clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults) and a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludults) located in northern Alabama. Potassium as KCl was broadcast in the spring prior to regrowth. For split application treatments, the K was applied in early spring and after the second cutting. Annual total K rates ranged from 56 to 596 kg/ha. Potassium fertilization maintained alfalfa stand density on both soils, but the experiment on the Decatur soil was discontinued after two years due to severe stand loss when the lowest rate of added K was used. Alfalfa yields were increased by ...
Effects of cranberry polyphenols on IL-1β-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor by human temporomandibular joint synovial fibroblasts

age adjustments. Power studies were then performed for other related questions. Results: A total of 249 patients qualified: 101 needing SOT and 148 needing SCT. The SOT group’s mean age was 52.2 years, vs the SCT group’s mean age of 58.0 years (P 1⁄4 .008); 36.1% of patients were female and 63.9% were male (P 1⁄4 .6858). DHS differences: Corrected for age/gender, the data indicated the following: The number of missing teeth was greater for SOT at 8.2 than for SCT at 6.0; P 1⁄4 .0011. SCT patients had a higher mean number of existing restorations at 7.9, vs SOT patients with 6.1; P 1⁄4 .0118. The average number of decayed teeth was greater in SOT at 1.4, compared with 0.3 in SCT; P 1⁄4 .0003. The average number of teeth with periapical radiolucencies was greater in SOT at 0.3, vs SCT at 0.1; P 1⁄4 .0126. Other differences did not reach statistical significance. RDI differences: Corrected for age/gender, the following were observed: SOT RDI in 33.7% of patients, vs 10.8% of SCT patients; P < .0001. Extractions in SOT were recommended for 23.8% of patients, vs 6.8% of SCT patients; P 1⁄4 .0006. The average number of teeth for extraction in SOT was 1.1, vs SCT at 0.2; P 1⁄4 .0054. Restorations were recommended in 15.8% of SOT patients, vs 4.1% of SCT patients; P 1⁄4 .0041. The average number of teeth for restoration in SOT was 0.5, vs 0.0 in SCT; P 1⁄4 .0005. Conclusions: SOT patients had more missing teeth, and SOT remaining teeth had more caries than those in SCT patients. SOT patients had greater numbers of RDIs before transplant than SCT patients.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL6 Protein Is Essential for Cleavage and Packaging but Not for Genomic Inversion

Abstract The HSV-1 genome is composed of two unique regions (U L and U S ) flanked by inverted repeats. During the course of DNA replication the two unique regions U L and U S invert relative to one another. In this report we present evidence that cleavage is not necessary for genomic inversion to occur. We isolated and characterized a UL6:: lacZ insertion mutant ( hr74 ) that produces wild-type levels of replicating viral DNA but fails to cleave and package DNA. We demonstrate that this virus is still able to undergo genomic inversion. Furthermore we confirm that replicating DNA from cells infected with wild-type virus contains specific U L termini but not U S termini, whereas cells infected with the mutant hr74 do not contain either U S or U L termini. This demonstrates that the specific U L ends found in replicating DNA are the result of the cleavage/packaging process.
Synthesis of cyclopropyl-iron σ complexes by decarbonylation of acyl complexes

Abstract Contrary to earlier reports [1,2] cyclopropyliron σ complexes can be conveniently prepared in fair to excellent yields by photodecarbonylation of the corresponding acyl complexes.
Technical considerations for designing low-cost, long-wave infrared objectives

With the growth of uncooled infrared imaging in the consumer market, the balance between cost implications and performance criteria in the objective lens must be examined carefully. The increased availability of consumer-grade, long-wave infrared cameras is related to a decrease in military usage but it is also due to the decreasing costs of the cameras themselves. This has also driven up demand for low-cost, long-wave objectives that can resolve smaller pixels while maintaining high performance. Smaller pixels are traditionally associated with high cost objectives because of higher resolution requirements but, with careful consideration of all the requirements and proper selection of materials, costs can be moderated. This paper examines the cost/performance trade-off implications associated with optical and mechanical requirements of long-wave infrared objectives. Optical performance, f-number, field of view, distortion, focus range and thermal range all affect the cost of the objective. Because raw lens material cost is often the most expensive item in the construction, selection of the material as well as the shape of the lens while maintaining acceptable performance and cost targets were explored. As a result of these considerations, a low-cost, lightweight, well-performing objective was successfully designed, manufactured and tested.
COLORIMETRY PART I: THE BASICS & MATERIALS APPLICATIONS

The fundamentals of color measurement are described and applied to paint mixing and textiles.
Study of the Effect of Mobile Phase Additives on Retention in Reversed Phase HPLC Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships

Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) were used to delineate which specific intermolecular interactions are responsible for changes in retention for a variety of well characterized analytes when acidic and basic additives were used in reversed phase HPLC. The effects of trifluoroacetic acid, triethylamine and a combination of trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine on the LSERs were compared to those observed in the absence of additives. These effects were examined using four different mobile phase modifiers and five different stationary phases. Trifluoroacetic acid alone and in combination with triethylamine produced LSER regression coefficients nearly identical to those obtained with no additive present in the mobile phase. Triethylamine alone produced different LSER regression coefficients from the other systems unless the mobile phase contained trifluoroethanol as the mobile phase modifier, or the stationary phase consisted of a polymeric support.
Cutaneous vasculitis in the newborn of a mother with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa

Vasculitis in an infant of a woman who had a long history of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa is reported. During the neonatal period the child developed cutaneous vasculitis manifested by livedo reticularis, cutaneous nodules, and acral necrosis. The infant's vasculitis remitted by age 7 months. This is the third such report and strongly suggests the presence of a circulating factor that is capable of crossing the placenta and inducing cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.
Can altruism evolve in purely viscous populations

Limited dispersal is often thought to facilitate the evolution of altruism by increasing the degree of relatedness among interacting individuals. Limited dispersal can have additional effects, however, such as local population regulation, that inhibits the evolution of altruism. Many models of structured populations assume that a viscous stage of the life cycle alternates with a global mixing stage, which allows the advantages of interactions among close relatives without the disadvantages of local population regulation. Here we analyse a computer simulation model of ‘pure’ population viscosity, in which offspring are always deposited close to parents and no global mixing stage exists. As expected, limited dispersal generates a high coefficient of relatedness among interacting individuals. Patches of altruists, however, are unable to ‘export’ their productivity to other regions of the landscape and are easily invaded by selfish types from neighbouring patches. Unlike models of alternating viscosity, in which high relatedness and local population regulation can be decoupled, these two opposing effects are inextricably linked in purely viscous populations, which therefore are not conducive to the evolution of altruistic traits.
Acetylcholinesterase activity of adrenal chromaffin vesicles.

Summary Biochemical studies have given conflicting interpretations as to the localization of acetylcholinesterase within adrenal chromaffin cells. Previous histochemical studies found no reaction product on the chromaffin vesicles, although some biochemical studies suggest that a form of the enzyme is present. Sensitive histochemical procedures, with the appropriate controls, suggest a small amount of acetylcholinesterase is associated with chromaffin vesicles.
Special Issue on Robotics: Science and Systems 2009

Welcome to this special issue of Autonomous Robots. This volume is the second of two special journal issues compiled from thebest papers presented at the eighthRobotics: Science and Systems (RSS) conference, held at theUniversity of Sydney in July 2012. The other special issuewas published by the International Journal of Robotics Research. Since its inception in 2005, the conference has continued to attract scientists working on the algorithmic and mathematical foundations of robotics, robotics applications, and analysis of robotic systems. We are excited to showcase five papers selected from RSS 2012. Although they are on diverse topics–assisted teleoperation, underwater terrain segmentation,multi-robot allocation, micro aerial vehicles, humanoid walking–they share a common theme of developing new theories and algorithms coupled with the commitment to demonstrate these insights on real robotic platforms, marrying the science and systems of robotics. Hauser’s work explores the problem of developing assistive user interfaces for controlling robotic manipulators. The paper combines estimating the user’s intention via a predictor with motion replanning to be responsive to the user’s needs.
NOD2 variants and antibody response to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients and their unaffected relatives.

Background & Aims: The Cdcs1 locus of the C3Bir mouse confers severe colitis associated with a decrease in innate immune function and an increase in adaptive T-cell responses to commensal bacterial products. The aim of our study was to determine if defects in innate immunity are similarly associated with increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients. Methods: Sera from 732 patients, 220 unaffected relatives, and 200 healthy controls were tested for antibodies to oligomannan, the Pseudomonas fluorescens –related protein, Escherichia coli outer membrane porin C, CBir1 flagellin, and DNA from the same subjects was tested for 3 Crohn's disease–associated variants of the NOD2 gene, and 5 toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 2 TLR4, and 2 TLR9 variants. The magnitude of responses to microbial antigens was examined according to variant status. Results: NOD2 variant carriage increased in frequency with increasing number of positive antibodies and increasing cumulative quantitative response as measured by quartile sum ( P for trend, .0008 and .0003, respectively). Mean antibody and quartile sums were higher for patients carrying any NOD2 variant versus those carrying none (2.24 vs 1.92 and 10.60 vs 9.72; P = .0008 and P = 0.0003, respectively). The mean quartile sum was higher for unaffected relatives carrying any NOD2 variant versus those carrying none (10.67 vs 9.75, respectively; P = .02). No association was found between any TLR variant and the magnitude of response. Conclusions: Patients with Crohn's disease and unaffected relatives carrying variants of the NOD2 gene have increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens.
Photoelectron spectroscopy and photochemistry of tetracyanoethylene radical anion in the gas phase

Abstract A combined photoelectron spectroscopy, photofragmentation and clustering study of the tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) radical anion in the gas phase is reported. The adiabatic electron affinity of TCNE is 3.16(2) eV. This result represents an order-of-magnitude improvement in the uncertainty over the presently accepted, indirectly determined value. The photodissociation of the anion at 355 and 266 nm leads to three anionic channels: one yielding CN− and the other two corresponding to the loss of one or two CN groups from the parent anion. The CN− fragment channel is dominant at 355 nm, while the double-dissociation channel dominates 266 nm photochemistry.
Global optimization of nonconvex factorable programming problems

In this paper, we consider a special class of nonconvex programming problems for which the objective function and constraints are defined in terms of general nonconvex factorable functions. We propose a branch-and-bound approach based on linear programming relaxations generated through various approximation schemes that utilize, for example, the Mean-Value Theorem and Chebyshev interpolation polynomials coordinated with a Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT). A suitable partitioning process is proposed that induces convergence to a global optimum. The algorithm has been implemented in C++ and some preliminary computational results are reported on a set of fifteen engineering process control and design test problems from various sources in the literature. The results indicate that the proposed procedure generates tight relaxations, even via the initial node linear program itself. Furthermore, for nine of these fifteen problems, the application of a local search method that is initialized at the LP relaxation solution produced the actual global optimum at the initial node of the enumeration tree. Moreover, for two test cases, the global optimum found improves upon the solutions previously reported in the source literature.
A Model for Evaluating Golf Handicapping

This paper develops an analytical nonsimulation model of the game of golf in order to investigate the "fairness" of the present handicapping scheme, as well as to compare the results of medal play with those of match play. Although many simplifying assumptions are made in order to exercise the model, the results offer general insights into the relations between handicaps and win probabilities for selected pairs of players.
ELECTROCATALYTIC METALLOPORPHYRIN ELECTRODE FOR DETECTION OF ORGANOHALIDES

Abstract Electrodes coated with 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl porphyrinato cobalt(II) [Co(II)TPP] or 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl porphyrinato iron(III) chloride [Fe(III)TPPCl] provide sensitive amperometric detectors for alkyl and aryl chlorides. The analytical utility of this modified electrode is demonstrated, and a mechanism for the reduction of these analytes is proposed.
VPW: an interactive prototype of a web-based visual paired comparison cognitive diagnostic test

The Visual Paired Comparison (VPC) task is widely used to measure recognition memory in psychology and neuroscience research. Recently, the VPC task has shown promise as a diagnostic for the amnestic subtype of Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). Patients diagnosed with aMCI are at an increased risk for developing dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. However, current implementations of VPC require eye tracking equipment, which is costly and not widely available. This demonstration shows our early prototype of a Web-based version of the VPC task, the Viewport Viewing task (VPW), that requires only a computer with a mouse. A key contribution of VPW is using a computer mouse to induce viewing behavior similar to the original VPC task, so that it can be analyzed to measure the subject's novelty preference. Additionally, the interactive VPW prototype provides data visualization and exploration capabilities to help a clinician or researcher analyze the resulting data. VPW has the potential to extend the accessibility of cognitive diagnostics, allowing for Web-based behavioral screening for aMCI to be deployed world-wide, without requiring any special-purpose equipment. Such a tool would have wide-ranging implications for early diagnosis, for cognitive research, and for clinical practice.
New method for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis: empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis

A new method for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary data has been developed. The key pat of the method is the Empirical Mode Decomposition method with which any complicated data set can be decomposed into a finite and often small number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). An IMF is define das any function having the same numbers of zero- crossing and extrema, and also having symmetric envelopes defined by the local maxima and minima respectively. The IMF also admits well-behaved Hilbert transform. This decomposition method is adaptive, and therefore, highly efficient. Since the decomposition is based on the local characteristic time scale of het data, it is applicable to nonlinear and nonstationary processes. With the Hilbert transform, the IMF yield instantaneous frequencies as functions of time that give sharp identifications of embedded structures. The final presentation of the result is an energy-frequency-time distribution, designated as the Hilbert Spectrum. Comparisons with Wavelet and window Fourier analysis show the new method offers much better temporal and frequency resolutions.
Mobile teledermatopathology: using a tablet PC as a novel and cost-efficient method to remotely diagnose dermatopathology cases.

Abstract:Dermatopathology has relatively few studies regarding teledermatopathology and none have addressed the use of new technologies, such as the tablet PC. We hypothesized that the combination of our existing dynamic nonrobotic system with a tablet PC could provide a novel and cost-efficient met
Effect of physician ownership of specialty hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers on frequency of use of outpatient orthopedic surgery.

Background Physician-owned specialty hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers have become commonplace in many markets throughout the United States. Little is known about whether the financial incentives linked to ownership affect frequency of outpatient surgery. Objective To evaluate if financial incentives linked to physician ownership influence frequency of outpatient orthopedic surgical procedures. Design and Setting We analyzed 5 years of claims data from a large private insurer in Idaho to compare frequency by orthopedic surgeon owners and nonowners of surgical procedures that could be performed in either ambulatory surgery centers or hospital outpatient surgery departments. Main Outcome Measure Frequency of use, calculated as number of patients treated with the specific diagnoses who received the surgical procedure of interest divided by the number of patients with such diagnoses treated by each physician. Results Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios indicate that the likelihood of having carpal tunnel repair was 54% to 129% higher for patients of surgeon owners compared with surgeon nonowners. For rotator cuff repair, the adjusted odds ratios of having surgery were 33% to 100% higher for patients treated by physician owners. The age- and sex-adjusted probability of arthroscopic surgery was 27% to 78% higher for patients of surgeon owners compared with surgeon nonowners. Conclusion The consistent finding of higher use rates by physician owners across time clearly suggests that financial incentives linked to ownership of either specialty hospitals or ambulatory surgery centers influence physicians' practice patterns.
CAPABILITIES, BUSINESS PROCESSES, AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: CHOOSING THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE IN EMPIRICAL TESTS OF THE RESOURCE-BASED VIEW

A growing body of empirical literature supports key assertions of the resource-based view. However, most of this work examines the impact of firm-specific resources on the overall performance of a firm. In this paper it is argued that, in some circumstances, adopting the effectiveness of business processes as a dependent variable may be more appropriate than adopting overall firm performance as a dependent variable. This idea is tested by examining the determinants of the effectiveness of the customer service business process in a sample of North American insurance companies. Results are consistent with resource-based expectations, and they show that distinctive advantages observable at the process level are not necessarily reflected in firm level performance. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed along with a discussion of the relationship between resources and capabilities, on the one hand, and business processes, activities, and routines, on the other. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Celecoxib inhibits invasion and metastasis via a cyclooxygenase 2-independent mechanism in an in vitro model of Ewing sarcoma.

Abstract Background/Introduction Previously, we reported that celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, prevented lung metastases but did not affect tumor growth in a model of Ewing sarcoma. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition has been proposed as an antimetastatic strategy. The mechanism of action remains unclear. Methods Ewing sarcoma cells were suspended in a soluble basement membrane extract (Cultrex; Trevigen, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) and supplemented with celecoxib or with rofecoxib, a second COX-2 inhibitor, above a filter. Controls received solvent. After 48 hours, the cells that invaded through the basement membrane and filter were stained and counted. The assay was repeated with the addition of 500-nM prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ). Results Invasion was significantly decreased in the celecoxib groups compared with the control. The addition of PGE 2 did not overcome celecoxib inhibition. Rofecoxib did not significantly affect invasion compared with control either with or without PGE 2 . Conclusions Celecoxib significantly inhibits invasion of Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro. Prostaglandin E2, a downstream product of COX-2, did not reverse in vitro inhibition, suggesting that celecoxib acts through a COX-2–independent mechanism. This is further supported by the failure of rofecoxib to inhibit invasion despite more selectively inhibiting COX-2.
A parameterization of cooling rate calculation under the non-LTE condition: Multi-level model

Calculations of cooling rate by CO2 15 μm band in the earth’s upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere become very difficult because of the non-LTE. This is primarily due to the nonlinear vibration-vibrational (VV) transition processes between CO2 molecules in different states. This paper suggests that the non—LTE source function be parameterized as a linear combination of two limiting source functions. One limiting source function neglects the VV transitions while the other limiting source function assumes VV transitions being dominant. These two limiting source functions can be derived by linear models. The parameterization schemes proposed here can be applied to the general circulation models including those non-LTE regions.
Analytical Display Design for Flight Tasks Conducted under Instrument Meteorological Conditions

A relatively straightforward, nearly algorithmic procedure for deriving model-based pilot-centered display requirements is presented. A pilot model based on modern control theory serves as the backbone of the design methodology, which is specifically directed toward the synthesis of head-down, electronic cockpit display formats. Some novel applications of the optimal pilot model are discussed, including the generation of vehicle-handling-qualities levels via numerical pilot-opinion ratings. An analytical design example is offered which aids in the definition of a format for the electronic display to be used in a UH-1H helicopter in a landing-approach task involving longitudinal and lateral degrees of freedom. It is proposed that the design procedure offers a systematic means for generating candidate display formats and flight-director laws for simulator evaluation.
Interpreting social movements: Bolivian resistance to economic conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund

Interpretive anthropology taken as a goal in itself tends to preclude the concrete, historically situated analyses that are the core of ethnographic studies. However, attention to specific aspects of action and discourse in the various moments of a social movement's unfolding may enhance our understanding of that movement. This article analyzes a protest against conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund for the payment of Bolivia's national debt, seeking to show how the various participants interpreted the events in which they were involved. In trying to assess the movement's impact on the nation, the author interviewed leaders and followers and consulted numerous media reports during the three weeks of crisis. She concludes that textual interpretation is useful only when employed along with traditional methods of participant observation and the eliciting of informants' own interpretations. The analysis of complex social movements, that is, requires a description of people's responses at different moments in time, a situating of the participant observer in the events, and the inclusion of interpretations by the media. By eliciting a reflexive, multivocalic array of texts, the anthropologist can make new interpretations and build on past constructions as the historical context changes. [interpretive ethnology, social movements, Bolivian mining communities]
Digital imaging techniques in dermatology

Digital imaging is a versatile technique that has been infrequently used in dermatology to record visual images. We have used this technology for 10 patients to follow cutaneous lesions, including alopecia mucinosa, psoriasis, and dysplastic nevi. The setup included a personal computer, digitizer board, monitor, video camera, and lights. An introduction to electronic (digital) imaging is given and some of the many possible applications in dermatology are discussed.
PERSISTENT DEPENDENCE IN GOLD PRICES

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of gold prices during the last dozen years. Instead of employing the traditional short-term analytical tools, however, rescaled range analysis is used to focus on what has become known as persistent or long-term dependence. This type of behavior reveals itself in the form of extensive periods of similar behavior, often described as nonperiodic cycles. It is found that gold prices do exhibit persistent dependence. This finding suggests that, to be successful, market participants must develop strategies to deal with this phenomenon.
A spark of activity: exploring informative art as visualization for physical activity

In this note, we describe Spark, an informative art display that visualizes physical activity using abstract art. We present results from five deployments, lasting two to three weeks, that suggest that while graph visualizations are useful for information seeking, abstract visualizations are preferred for display purposes. Our results show that informative art is an appropriate way to visualize physical activity, and can be used in addition to graphs to increase enjoyment and engagement with physical activity displays.
Mark-resight superpopulation estimation of a wintering elk Cervus elaphus canadensis herd

Abstract We executed four mark-resight helicopter surveys during the winter months January–February for each of the three years 1999–2001 at 7–10 day intervals to estimate population size of a wintering elk Cervus elaphus canadensis herd in northern New Mexico. We counted numbers of radio-collared and uncollared elk on a simple random sample of quadrats from the study area. Because we were unable to survey the entire study area, we adopted a superpopulation approach to estimating population size, in which the total number of collared animals within and proximate to the entire study area was determined from an independent fixed-wing aircraft. The total number of collared animals available on the quadrats surveyed was also determined and facilitated detectability estimation. We executed superpopulation estimation via the joint hypergeometric estimator using the ratio of marked elk counted to the known number extant as an estimate of effective detectability. Superpopulation size estimates were approximately ...
The dialectic of organic/ inorganic relations : Marx and the Hegelian philosophy of nature

Ecological thinkers have suggested that in applying an “organic/inorganic” distinction to humanity-nature, Marx embraced a dualistic and antagonistic conception of the human-nature relationship. Th...
Accuracy and uncertainty in radioactivity measurement for NAA

The basic assumptions of activation analysis are that the induced radioactivity is proportional to the amount of analyte, and that the quantity of radioactivity can be related simply to the number of counts observed. Quantitative measurement of activity (and of its uncertainty) is not always simple, especially when accuracy better than a few percent is sought. Recent work with 77Ge and 76As has demonstrated that the accuracy of half-lives in the literature is sometimes insufficient. Despite these and other problems, quantitative understanding and documentation of uncertainties can be accomplished, providing demonstrable quality assurance and supporting claims of traceability to the Systeme International.
Genetic heterogeneity for autosomal recessive pyridoxine-dependent seizures

Pyridoxine-dependent seizure (PDS) is a rare autosomal recessive intractable seizure disorder only controlled by a daily supplementation of pharmacological doses of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6). Although glutamate decarboxylase utilizes pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor during conversion of the excitatory amino acid, glutamate, to the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), several studies have failed to demonstrate a linkage to either of the glutamate-decarboxylase-encoding genes (GAD1 and GAD2) and PDS excluding involvement of this functional candidate. However, in 2000, a locus for PDS was mapped to a 5 cM interval at chromosome 5q31 in four consanguineous and one multisib pedigree (Z(max)=8.43 at theta=0 for marker D5S2017) [Cormier-Daire et al. in Am J Hum Genet 67(4):991-993 2000]. We undertook molecular genetic studies of six nonconsanguineous North American families, using up to ten microsatellite markers to perform haplotype segregation analysis of the 5q31 locus. Assignment to the chromosome 5q PDS locus was excluded in one of the six North American PDS pedigrees, as chromosome 5q31 haplotypes were incompatible with linkage to this locus. The remaining five PDS pedigrees showed haplotype segregation consistent with linkage to 5q31, generating a maximum combined lod score of 1.87 (theta=0) at marker D5S2011. In this study, we establish genetic heterogeneity for PDS, catalog 21 genes within the originally defined PDS interval, and identify additional recombinations that indicate a higher priority interval, containing just 11 genes.
Perfusion from angiogram and a priori (PAP) with temporal regularization

Perfusion imaging is often used for diagnosis and for assessment of the response to the treatment. If perfusion can be measured during interventional procedures, it could lead to quantitative, more efficient and accurate treatment; however, imaging modalities that allow continuous dynamic scanning are not available in most of procedure rooms. Thus, we developed a method to measure the perfusion-time attenuation curves (TACs)-of regions-of-interest (ROIs) using xray C-arm angiography system with no gantry rotation but with a priori. The previous study revealed a problem of large oscillations in the estimated TACs and the lack of comparison with CT-based approaches. Thus the purposes of this study were (1) to reduce the variance of TDCs; and (2) to compare the performance of the improved PAP with that of the CT-based perfusion method. Our computer simulation study showed that the standard deviation of PAP method was decreased by 10.7-59.0% and that it outperformed (20× or 200× times) higher dose CT methods in terms of the accuracy, variance, and the temporal resolution.
Constructions of Nonbinary WOM Codes for Multilevel Flash Memories

The goal of this paper is to present constructions of high-rate nonbinary write-once memory (WOM) codes for multilevel flash memories. The constructions provided here are all based on the basic idea of mapping high-rate binary codebooks to nonbinary codebooks. The proposed codes maintain the same length and encoding complexity as their underlying binary constituents. We begin by presenting some elementary, yet rate-efficient constructions. Afterward, we consider a high-rate two-write WOM-code defined over an alphabet of size four. In addition, we consider the application of our constructions to the creation of fixed-rate WOM codes. The constructions presented in this paper improve upon the best-known code constructions for certain code lengths.
Coordinate and differential in vitro syntheses of two RNA polymerase subunits.

THE β subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase—one of three subunit types (α, β, β′) in the enzyme core structure—is specified by a genetic locus, rif(ref. 1). Specialised transducing phages which carry the rif region have been isolated2,3. If DNA is extracted from these phages, it can be used to direct the synthesis of the β subunit in vitro in a coupled transcription/translation system4,5. It has been suggested that other RNA polymerase structural genes may also be in this region of the chromosome6. Recent genetic evidence shows that the β and β′ subunits are produced from a single transcriptional unit in vivo7. DNA extracted from three independently isolated rif transducing phages however, failed to direct the synthesis of any detectable β′ molecules in vitro in the coupled systems previously described4,5 (Fig. 1a). Here I describe a coupled system which synthesises β and β′ in vitro with equal efficiency from rif transducing phage DNA.
Symmetry properties of scattering amplitudes and applications to inverse problems

Abstract For the transformations of the potential q → q ∘ L, where L is one of the following transformations: rotation, scaling, or translation, the corresponding transformation of the scattering amplitude is given. A necessary and sufficient condition on the scattering amplitude for the scatterer to be spherically symmetric is derived as an application of the above results.
An Electromagnetic Microscale Vibration Harvester for Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes

Most vibrational harvesting systems are resonant based systems that generate maximum power when the resonant frequency matches the fundamental mode of the ambient environment. Because microsized devices tend to have high natural frequencies, it is difficult to match the generator resonant frequency to environmentally available frequencies. This problem is addressed here by considering a multi-turned planar beam geometry for an electromagnetic resonator designed to resonant in the environmental frequency range while maintaining a small footprint on the order of 1 cm2 . This work considers the application of powering wireless sensor nodes on machine tools, which are characterized by 10 m/s2 accelerations at 70Hz at the base of a 5 hp machine tool. Taking advantage of toothed iron magnetic circuit geometry, a theoretical power density of 8 mW per cubic centimeter at one g of acceleration is shown to be viable.© 2008 ASME
Respiratory syncytial virus infection of alveolar macrophages in adult transplant patients.

Pulmonary epithelial cells are thought to be the primary cellular targets for infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vivo. To determine whether other pulmonary cells are infected by RSV, bronchoalveolar lavage cells from six adult transplant patients, four of whom had acute RSV infection, were examined by in situ immunohistochemistry to identify infected lung cells. Both alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells were infected with RSV in vivo. At the single-cell level, three-color immunofluorescent studies revealed that both RSV-infected epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages expressed Class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex, but only the alveolar macrophage coexpressed interleukin-1β. Paraformaldehyde-fixed bronchoalveolar lavage cells from RSV-infected but not uninfected patients induced a marked proliferative response by cloned T cells indicating that in vivo infected cells expressed bioactive interleukin-1. Together, these studies indicate that the alveolar macrophage ...
Minimum codegree threshold for Hamilton ℓ-cycles in k-uniform hypergraphs

For 1 ? ? < k / 2 , we show that for sufficiently large n, every k-uniform hypergraph on n vertices with minimum codegree at least n 2 ( k - ? ) contains a Hamilton ?-cycle. This codegree condition is best possible and improves on work of Hi?n and Schacht who proved an asymptotic result.
Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy and STM Studies of Model Silica-Supported Copper Catalysts

The structure of model silica-supported copper catalysts has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). The IRAS studies of CO on the model silica-supported copper catalysts indicate that there are several types of copper clusters with surface structures similar to (111), (110), and other high-index planes of single-crystal copper. The STM studies show several types of copper clusters on silica and reveal images of metal clusters on an amorphous oxide support with atomic resolution.
Poverty and Literacy: An Introduction

The first two articles in this theme appeared in the previous issue of Reading & Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties (Volume 26, Number 2). They began to examine the link between po...
Generating reproducible and replayable bug reports from Android application crashes

Manually reproducing bugs is time-consuming and tedious. Software maintainers routinely try to reproduce unconfirmed issues using incomplete or no informative bug reports. Consequently, while reproducing an issue, the maintainer must augment the report with information -- such as a reliable sequence of descriptive steps to reproduce the bug -- to aid developers with diagnosing the issue. This process encumbers issue resolution from the time the bug is entered in the issue tracking system until it is reproduced. This paper presents Crash Droid, an approach for automating the process of reproducing a bug by translating the call stack from a crash report into expressive steps to reproduce the bug and a kernel event trace that can be replayed on-demand. Crash Droid manages trace ability links between scenarios' natural language descriptions, method call traces, and kernel event traces. We evaluated Crash Droid on several open-source Android applications infected with errors. Given call stacks from crash reports, Crash Droid was able to generate expressive steps to reproduce the bugs and automatically replay the crashes. Moreover, users were able to confirm the crashes faster with Crash Droid than manually reproducing the bugs or using a stress-testing tool.
Enabling Technologies for High Penetration of Wind and Solar Energy

High penetration of variable wind and solar electricity generation will require modifications to the electric power system. This work examines the impacts of variable generation, including uncertainty, ramp rate, ramp range, and potentially excess generation. Time-series simulations were performed in the Texas (ERCOT) grid where different mixes of wind, solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar power provide up to 80% of the electric demand. Different enabling technologies were examined, including conventional generator flexibility, demand response, load shifting, and energy storage. A variety of combinations of these technologies enabled low levels of surplus or curtailed wind and solar generation depending on the desired penetration of renewable sources. At lower levels of penetration (up to about 30% on an energy basis) increasing flexible generation, combined with demand response may be sufficient to accommodate variability and uncertainty. Introduction of load-shifting through real-time pricing or other market mechanisms further increases the penetration of variable generation. The limited time coincidence of wind and solar generation presents increasing challenges as these sources provide greater than 50% of total demand. System flexibility must be increased to the point of virtually eliminating must-run baseload generators during periods of high wind and solar generation. Energy storage also becomes increasingly important as lower cost flexibility options are exhausted. The study examines three classes of energy storage — electricity storage, including batteries and pumped hydro, hybrid storage (compressed-air energy storage), and thermal energy storage. Ignoring long-distance transmission options, a combination of load shifting and storage equal to about 12 hours of average demand may keep renewable energy curtailment below 10% in the simulated system.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The relationship of exercise and diet on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in women.

The relationship of exercise and diet on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was investigated in 45 long-distance runners (LD), 49 joggers (J), and 47 inactive (I) women. Fasting plasma triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), and percent body fat (%BF) were measured in women ages 24–58 yr. TG levels were significantly lower in LD compared to I (p < 0.02). Although TC was not significantly different among groups, HDL-cholesterol was higher in LD (78 mg/dl) compared to J (70 mg/dl) or I (62 mg/dl) (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that alterations of plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels could not be attributed to intake differences of nutrients. Distance run and %BF were the strongest predictors of HDL-cholesterol in women. LD (23 %BF) were leaner than J (26 %BF) or I (30 %BF); however, when results were adjusted for %BF, significant differences between exercise groups remained for HDL cholesterol.
How to capture all FIR perfect reconstruction QMF banks with unimodular matrices

The problem of perfect reconstruction in maximally decimated FIR (finite impulse response) QMF (quadrature mirror filter) banks is revisited. A necessary and sufficient condition for perfect reconstruction in this system is that the polyphase matrix of the analysis bank must have a determinant equal to a delay. The author explores various avenues to completely parameterize such matrices. It is shown that the problem can always be decomposed into two problems: one of parameterizing lossless matrices, and one of parameterizing unimodular matrices. Several possibilities for unimodular parameterization are explored. >
Isolation of a gene encoding a functional zinc finger protein homologous to erythroid Krüppel-like factor: identification of a new multigene family.

We have identified and characterized the gene for a novel zinc finger transcription factor which we have termed lung Kruppel-like factor (LKLF). LKLF was isolated through the use of the zinc finger domain of erythroid Kruppel-like factor (ELKF) as a hybridization probe and is closely related to this erythroid cell-specific gene. LKLF is expressed in a limited number of tissues, with the predominant expression seen in the lungs and spleen. The gene is developmentally controlled, with expression noted in the 7-day embryo followed by a down-regulation at 11 days and subsequent reactivation. A high degree of similarity is noted in the zinc finger regions of LKLF and EKLF. Beyond this domain, the sequences diverge significantly, although the putative transactivation domains for both LKLF and EKLF are proline-rich regions. In the DNA-binding domain, the three zinc finger motifs are so closely conserved that the predicted DNA contact sites are identical, suggesting that both proteins may bind to the same core sequence. This was further suggested by transactivation assays in which mouse fibroblasts were transiently transfected with a human beta-globin reporter gene in the absence and presence of an LKLF cDNA construct. Expression of the LKLF gene activates this human beta-globin promoter containing the CACCC sequence previously shown to be a binding site for EKLF. Mutation of this potential binding site results in a significant reduction in the reporter gene expression. LKLF and EKLF can thus be grouped as members of a unique family of transcription factors which have discrete patterns of expression in different tissues and which appear to recognize the same DNA-binding site.