cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The sociology of philosophies: A précis

A chapter-by-chapter precis is presented of Randall Collins’s book, The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change. It presents a sociological theory of intellectual networks that connect thinkers in chains of masters and pupils, colleagues and rivals, and of the internalized conversations that constitute the social processes of thinking. The theory is used to analyze long-term developments of the intellectual communities of philosophers in ancient Greece, ancient and medieval China and India, medieval and modern Japan, medieval Islam and Judaism, medieval Christendom, and modern Europe through the early 20th century.
Nicotine as a factor in stress responsiveness among detoxified alcoholics.

Aims: The effect of transdermal nicotine on stress reactivity was investigated in currently smoking, detoxified, substance-dependent individuals (65% alcohol dependent, n = 51; 31 male) following a psychosocial stressor. Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, subjects were assigned to receive either active transdermal nicotine (low or high dose) or placebo. Six hours following nicotine administration, subjects performed a laboratory psychosocial stressor consisting of two 4-min public-speaking sessions. Results: Consistent with prior reports, substance-dependent individuals displayed a blunted stress response. However, a review of the cortisol distribution data encouraged additional analyses. Notably, a significant minority of the substance-dependent individuals (33%) demonstrated elevated poststress cortisol levels. This group of responders was more likely to be alcohol dependent and to have received the high dose of nicotine [χ2(2) = 32, P < 0.0001], [χ2(2) = 18.66, P < 0.0001]. Differences in salivary cortisol responses between responders and nonresponders could not be accounted for by the length of sobriety, nicotine withdrawal levels, anxiety or depressive symptomatology at the time of the psychosocial stressor. Conclusion: These results suggest that nicotine administration may support a normalization of the salivary cortisol response following psychosocial stress in subgroups of substance-dependent individuals, particularly those who are alcohol dependent. Given the association between blunted cortisol levels and relapse, and the complex actions of nicotine at central and peripheral sites, these findings support the systematic study of factors including nicotine, which may influence stress reactivity and the recovery process in alcohol-dependent individuals.
A new pruning method for efficient broadcasting in ad hoc networks

This paper proposes a new multi-hop wireless broadcast method called k-shortest path pruning (k-SPP). It is based on the dominant pruning method of Lim and Kim, and improves upon it in the context of certain routing protocols, such as the zone routing protocol. In this approach, every node must maintain as awareness of its k-hop neighbourhood, for some constant k ? 3. k-SPP dynamically discovers and exclusively uses forwarding paths having the property that every subpath of length k + 1 connects vertices that are a graph-theoretic distance k + 1 apart in the network graph. Experimental results demonstrate that k-SPP requires fewer transmissions than dominant pruning broadcasting.
Acute coronary closure after stenting: a lesson from intravascular ultrasound

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an imaging modality more sensitive for defining suboptimal stent deployment issues compared with conventional angiographic imaging. We report on a patient with unstable angina who underwent stent deployment using IVUS guidance. Despite an acceptable angiographic result, intrastent thrombus, incomplete expansion and an edge/marginal dissection were seen by IVUS examination. Both the incomplete expansion and the intrastent thrombus were successfully treated. The dissection, however, was not treated in the catheterization laboratory. This mechanical injury pattern at the stent edge led to vessel occlusion 4 h post-procedure.
A faculty development program integrating cross-cultural care into a gastrointestinal pathophysiology tutorial benefits students, tutors, and the course

A specific faculty development program for tutors to teach cross-cultural care in a preclinical gastrointestinal pathophysiology course with weekly longitudinal followup sessions was designed in 20...
Isolation and type determination of Coxsackie virus, group B, in tissue culture.

SummarySuckling mouse tissue suspensions of strains of Coxsackie virus Group B, Types 1-5, have been tested on trypsinized monkey kidney cells. All types were cyto-pathogenic. Strains of Group B, Types 1-4, have been isolated from fecal specimens on monkey kidney cells and carried through type determination by the neutralization method in monkey kidney cell cultures.
FURTHER EVIDENCE BEARING UPON THE ORIGIN OF EXTRA DIMINUTIVE CHROMOSOMES IN OENOTHERA HOOKERI.

Extra diminutive chromosomes are present in a number of plant genera. They are of considerable cytogenetic importance and their origin is a matter of phylogenetic interest. In earlier papers (Cleland, 1951; Cleland and Hyde, 1963) it has been shown that two races of Oenothera hookeri (Mono and Mataguey), growing 500 miles apart in California, have such diminutives, and that these are homologous, at least in part, and therefore able to synapse with each other, although incapable of synapsing with ordinary Euoenothera chromosomes. In the latter paper, alternative suggestions have been offered regarding their origin: (1) they are the result of deletion of pairing ends, and represent regions proximal to the pairing ends of the chromosomes from which they have been derived; (2) they are intact chromosomes derived from another subgenus as the result of intersubgeneric crossing and backcrossing. The chromosomes of most of the other subgenera are smaller than those of Euoenothera to which hookeri belongs. The second hypothesis has been considered the more likely of the two, and its likelihood is enhanced by the facts to be presented in this paper. The opportunity to test the plausibility of this hypothesis came in 1963 when I had the hybrid Mono X Mataguey, with 7 pairs of chromosomes plus a pair of diminutives, growing in the same greenhouse with several species of Raimannia. Although Mono X Mataguey is a hybrid, it can still be regarded as a typical hookeri.
Combustion Characterization and Ignition Delay Modeling of Low- and High-Cetane Alternative Diesel Fuels in a Marine Diesel Engine

In support of an ongoing U.S. Navy alternative fuel evaluation program, the combustion characteristics of two very different alternative diesel fuels were evaluated in a direct-injection marine diesel engine across a variety of speeds and loads. The fuels were an algal-based hydrotreated renewable diesel fuel (HRD) with cetane number of ∼75 and a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) with cetane number of ∼25. These fuels were experimentally tested as blends with conventional petroleum-based military diesel fuel (designated F-76) with cetane ≈ 46, giving a cetane number range from 25 to 75. Start of injection (SOI) was characterized using a strain gauge to determine actuation of the mechanical unit injector; SOI remained essentially unchanged for changes in fuel type. As expected based on cetane number, ignition delay (IGD) increased with greater amounts of SPK fuel and decreased for greater amounts of HRD fuel in the test blend. Energy release analysis showed that longer IGD led consistently to slightly ad...
Production of Interferon during Rat Virus Infection

SummaryData is presented and reviewed which demonstrates that rat virus is highly sensitive to the antiviral action of interferon in rat cells. However, it is also shown that the virus does not stimulate detectable interferon in primary rat embryo cultures or in hamsters. One of the three strains of rat virus tested induced circulating interferon and lung interferon in rats. It was noted that the interferon-stimulating strain was a wild isolate passed only once in the laboratory. These findings indicate that in rat virus infection of rats and hamsters the interferon system may not play the decisive role during recovery although it may contribute to the host defense.
In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Ethylene-Induced Structural Changes on the Pt(100)-hex Surface

We have studied the structures of the Pt(100) surface in the presence of gas-phase ethylene at room temperature. High-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy shows that the hexagonal reconstruction on the clean Pt(100) surface is preserved under 1 Torr of C 2 H 4 , which produces an ethylidyne and di-σ-bonded ethylene saturated surface. At 5 × 10 ―6 Torr of C 2 H 4 , coadsorbed CO from the background gases lifts the reconstruction, with the excess Pt atoms from the hexagonal surface forming islands on the surface. The chemisorption of CO from background gases in the vacuum system, in the nominally pure C 2 H 4 , is revealed by ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Diurnal Climatology of the Boundary Layer in Southern California Using AMDAR Temperature and Wind Profiles

AbstractObservations from commercial aircraft [e.g., the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) automated weather reports] have been increasing dramatically. Two main applications of the aircraft data are use in short-term forecasts and assimilation into numerical weather prediction models. Now that more than 10 years of measurements exist, using this dataset to construct a description of the long-term climatological behavior (a “climatology”) of the lower atmosphere is explored with two main objectives. The first objective is to examine strengths and weaknesses of using the dataset to construct a climatology of the lower atmosphere. Unlike the traditional twice-daily radiosonde launches, the high frequency of observations at major airports allows for an unprecedented set of diurnal information at many locations globally. The second objective is to obtain a climatology of the lower atmosphere of Southern California, specifically at Los Angeles, San Diego, and Ontario, during the spring and summer when...
Bi-Criteria Timeshare Exchanges with Member Participation

Vacation Timeshare is a form of ownership or “right to use” of a resort property for a specific time period (typically a week) each year. Timeshare Exchange refers to the medium-free (i.e., non-monetary) trading of timeshare weeks among owners, so that they can interchange their respective vacation homes and thereby experience new destinations. The existing literature on timeshare exchange algorithms largely focuses on centralized, matching-based procedures for solutions with desirable economic properties. However, the need for member participation during the timeshare exchange process has been well-recognized for a variety of practical reasons, including the reluctance of members in accepting an authoritarian solution and their unwillingness to share all the data requested by an exchange company. Another important need is to ensure that, given the preferences of the members, an exchange solution provides them with collectively the best possible improvement over their currently-owned weeks, while being “fair” to all participants.In this study, we suggest two objectives to capture the notions of efficiency and fairness of an exchange solution. For the resulting bi-criteria timeshare exchange problem, we first show that a solution that is simultaneously near-optimal on both objectives may not exist. Our main contribution is a polynomial-time algorithm in which (i) each member uses her private preference list to communicate with the other members, (ii) the members, through such communications, collectively achieve an individually rational allocation (i.e., each member obtains an allocation at least as good as her initial allocation), and (iii) for any desired approximation bounds α and β on, respectively, efficiency and fairness, the following property holds: if an (α, β)-approximate solution to the bi-criteria problem exists, then the solution provided by the algorithm satisfies this approximation guarantee; otherwise, the solution is an α-approximation on the efficiency measure and, among all such allocations, has the best fairness measure.
111 NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND THE USE OF GLYBURIDE IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS.

Background The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) continues to rise in the face of the obesity epidemic affecting up to 14% of some ethnic populations. Studies have shown that treatment of GDM with insulin decreases serious maternal and fetal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Oral medications are preferred by patients and this could lead to increased compliance. Glyburide remains unapproved for use in GDM. Study This was a retrospective review of 124 women who were offered glyburide therapy between November 2000 and May 2005. A cohort of 101 women was included for analysis, approximately 50% Hispanic, 33% Caucasian, and 3% African American. Neonatal outcomes reviewed included birth weight, macrosomia, weight > 90%, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, hypoglycemia, evidence of respiratory distress (RDS), and congenital anomalies. Results Eighty percent of the pregnancies were treated successfully with glyburide. There were no reported perinatal deaths. Overall cesarean section rate was 27% and there were no reports of shoulder dystocia. The macrosomia rate was 7% and 27% of the infants were large for gestational age (LGA) with a mean birth weight of 3,307 ± 490 g. Although 21% were admitted to the NICU, only 8% required IV glucose for hypoglycemia and only 8% were treated for RDS. Three congenital anomalies were noted but glyburide was initiated after 22 weeks gestation. Conclusion Although the study was a retrospective retrieval of data, the management of these patients was standardized. Fetal growth was considered in the decisions regarding titration of glyburide and this may have contributed to neonatal outcomes such as weight, shoulder dystocia, and rate of cesarean section. Given that the relative safety of glyburide has been confirmed, outcomes with glyburide are at least comparable to outcomes with insulin, and oral medications are preferred to insulin and this may increase compliance, glyburide would be another option to treat GDM and therefore improve overall fetal morbidity.
Myopia Adults See Through Defocus Better Than Emmetropes

The visual perception of adult myopes is disrupted less by lens-induced defocus than the visual perception of emmetropes when measured with a variety of visual tasks (reading ability, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity function). However, the accommodative and pupillary responses of adult myopes and emmetropes are affected equally by lens-induced defocus. The unusual effect of defocus on the visual performance of myopes may result from either greater optical aberrations that are partially disguised by a compensating adaptation in accommodative gain, or neural deblurring and learning to interpret blur in a visual system that has normal optical cues for defocus. If these mechanisms exist in children prior to the onset of myopia, they may contribute to its development.
Progesterone augments cell susceptibility to HIV-1 and HIV-1/HSV-2 co-infections

In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women, oral or injectable progesterone containing contraceptive pills may enhance HIV-1 acquisition in vivo, and the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. In developing countries, Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) co-infection has been shown to be a risk for increase of HIV-1 acquisition and, if co-infected women use progesterone pills, infections may increase several fold. In this study, we used an in vitro cell culture system to study the effects of progesterone on HIV-1 replication and to explore the molecular mechanism of progesterone effects on infected cells. In our in vitro model, CEMss cells (lymphoblastoid cell line) were infected with either HIV-1 alone or co-infected with HSV-2. HIV-1 viral load was measured with and without sex hormone treatment. Progesterone-treated cells showed an increase in HIV-1 viral load (1411.2 pg/mL) compared with cells without progesterone treatment (993.1 pg/mL). Increased cell death was noted with HSV-2 co-infection and in progesterone-treated cells. Similar observations were noted in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cells derived from three female donors. Progesterone-treated cells also showed reduced antiviral efficacy. Inflammatory cytokines and associations with biomarkers of disease progression were explored. Progesterone upregulated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines conversely and downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. Nuclear protein analysis by electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed the association of progesterone with progesterone response element (PRE), which may lead to downregulation of Bcl-2. These data indicate that progesterone treatment enhances HIV-1 replication in infected cells and co-infection with HSV-2 may further fuel this process.
Genetic Characterization of a Multifocal Ganglioglioma Originating Within the Spinal Cord.

Background Gangliogliomas are rare, low-grade intra-axial tumors that exhibit both neuronal and glial components. Although the vast majority present as an intracranial lesion, a rare subset exist as isolated lesions of the spinal cord. Gangliogliomas have also been shown to harbor mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and BRAF oncogene. Previous studies in ganglioglioma have correlated p53 mutations with histologic transformation and BRAF mutations with worse prognosis. Case Description In this report, we describe a 35-year-old female who presented with multifocal ganglioglioma, involving both the conus medullaris and filum terminale. The dominant lesion in the filum terminale was resected, which revealed World Health Organization I grade, p53 mutant, and BRAF wildtype status. Our study documents the first report of a multifocal ganglioglioma, originating within the spinal cord. Conclusions Importantly, this case contradicts previous reports of p53 and BRAF mutations portending worsened tumor behavior and prognosis and demonstrates that further studies are needed to delineate the role of genetic characterization in the biologic understanding and management of gangliogliomas.
Potential Economic Effects of TTIP for the Netherlands and the EU

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a comprehensive preferential trade agreement that is expected to have a significant effect in EU and US bilateral trade and investment relations. As the negotiations are ongoing, this paper uses a scenario analysis to estimate the potential effects of TTIP under likely negotiated outcomes. In our main scenario, we assume a final trade deal where current tariffs are eliminated and non-tariff barriers are significantly reduced. Using a CGE model (WorldScan), we simulate the potential economic effects for the Netherlands and the EU. We find that US-Dutch bilateral trade doubles and this is translated into a positive but moderate effect on income of 1.7% for the Netherlands by the year 2030. These potential gains are higher than those for the EU and the US (both around 1%).
Multiscale electromagnetic modeling using double-higher-order quadrilateral meshes and parallel MoM-SIE direct solutions

We present the development of a scalable parallel algorithm and solver for computational electromagnetics based on a double higher order method of moments in the surface integral equation formulation in conjunction with a direct hierarchically semiseparable structures solver. Multiscale modeling using the new method, for electrically very large structures that also include electrically very small details, is discussed, with several advancement strategies.
Rod Internal Pressure Distribution and Uncertainty Analysis Using FRAPCON

The discharge rod internal pressure (RIP) and cladding hoop stress (CHS) distributions are quantified for Watts Bar Nuclear Unit 1 (WBN1) fuel rods by modeling core cycle design data, operation dat...
Augmenting Bottom-up Metamodels with Predicates

Metamodeling refers to modeling a model. There are two metamodeling approaches for ABMs: (1) top-down and (2) bottom-up. The top down approach enables users to decompose high-level mental models into behaviors and interactions of agents. In contrast, the bottom-up approach constructs a relatively small, simple model that approximates the structure and outcomes of a dataset gathered from the runs of an ABM. The bottom-up metamodel makes behavior of the ABM comprehensible and exploratory analyses feasible. For most users the construction of a bottom-up metamodel entails: (1) creating an experimental design, (2) running the simulation for all cases specified by the design, (3) collecting the inputs and output in a dataset and (4) applying first-order regression analysis to find a model that effectively estimates the output. Unfortunately, the sums of input variables employed by first-order regression analysis give the impression that one can compensate for one component of the system by improving some other component even if such substitution is inadequate or invalid. As a result the metamodel can be misleading. We address these deficiencies with an approach that: (1) automatically generates Boolean conditions that highlight when substitutions and tradeoffs among variables are valid and (2) augments the bottom-up metamodel with the conditions to improve validity and accuracy. We evaluate our approach using several established agent-based simulations.
Contact Network Dynamics for Ebola Spread

The talk will discuss some old and new results related to the analysis of stochastic SIR-type epidemics on a configuration model random graph having a fixed degree distribution p k . In particular, it will describe the relevant large graph limit result which yields the law of large numbers for the edge-based process. Applications to building ”network-free” SIR stochastic hybrid model relevant to recent Ebola and Zika epidemics will be presented.
Elastic scattering, transfer reactions, and fission induced by O-16 ions on Ta-181 and Pb-208

Total cross sections for the quasielastic and fission channels in reactions of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ on $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ were measured as a function of the incident energy near the Coulomb barrier. For $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, the fission and quasielastic components account for essentially all of the total reaction cross sections as deduced from the elastic scattering. However, for $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$, the fission and quasielastic components account for only about 25% of the total cross section as deduced from elastic scattering. The fission fragment angular distributions for $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ are analyzed with a simple statistical approach yielding an effective moment of inertia at the saddle point compatible with the liquid-drop-model prediction. Fission excitation functions for $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ are described reasonably well by a statistical evaporation code.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Ta($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{17}\mathrm{O}$), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{15}\mathrm{N}$), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, C), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $f$), ${E}_{L}=83, 90, 96$ MeV. $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{17}\mathrm{O}$), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{15}\mathrm{N}$), ($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, C) ${E}_{L}=80, 83, 88, 90, 96, 102$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta}, E)$. $\mathrm{Ta}(^{16}\mathrm{O}, f)$ ${E}_{L}=77\ensuremath{-}102$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$; deduced optical-model parameters, total reaction cross sections; enriched targets.
A Linear-Time and Linear-Space Algorithm for the Minimum Vertex Cover Problem on Giant Graphs.

In this paper, we develop the message passing based linear-time and linear-space MVC algorithm (MVC-MPL) for solving the minimum vertex cover (MVC) problem. MVC-MPL is based on heuristics derived from a theoretical analysis of message passing algorithms in the context of belief propagation. We show that MVC-MPL produces smaller vertex covers than other linear-time and linear-space algorithms.
Incorporating Refractory Period in Mechanical Stimulation Mitigates Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Adult Mice

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether inclusion of a refractory period between bouts of low-magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) can curb obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and sequelae in adult mice. Methods A diet-induced obesity model that included a diet with 45% of kilocalories from fat was employed with intention to treat. C57BL/6J mice were weight matched into four groups: low-fat diet (LFD, n = 8), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 8), HFD with one bout of 30-minute LMMS (HFDv, n = 9), and HFD with two bouts of 15-minute LMMS with a 5-hour separation (refractory period, RHFDv, n = 9). Two weeks of diet was followed by 6 weeks of diet plus LMMS. Results HFD and HFDv mice continued gaining body weight and visceral adiposity throughout the experiment, which was mitigated in RHFDv mice. Compared with LFD mice, HFD and HFDv mice had increased rates of adipocyte hypertrophy, increased immune cell infiltration (B cells, T cells, and macrophages) into adipose tissue, increased adipose tissue inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression), and a decreased proportion of mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue, all of which were rescued in RHFDv mice. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were elevated in HFD and HFDv mice, but not in RHFDv mice, as compared with LFD mice. Conclusions Incorporating a 5-hour refractory period between bouts of LMMS attenuates obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and improves glucose metabolism.
Antimony Content and Speciation in the Water Column and Interstitial Waters of Saanich Inlet

A hydride generation method was developed for the determination of Sb(III), Sb(III)-S and Sb(V) species in natural waters, and has been applied to the waters and interstitial waters of Saanich Inlet. In the oxic waters, dissolved antimony exists primarily as Sb(V) (1.2–1.4 nM) with a few percent Sb(III) (.01–.07 nM). Sb(III) production occurs in the photic zone and probably accounts for its concentration at levels greater than those predicted from equilibrium considerations. Even in the low H2S bottom waters, there is no significant reduction of Sb(V) and Sb(III). However, up to 0.15 nM Sb(III)-S species is found there. In the upper 10 cm of the reducing interstitial waters there is a very large release of Sb from the particulate matter. At least 50% of the Sb exists as Sb(III) + Sb(III)-S. The remainder most probably exists as a thioantimonate. This dissolved Sb diffuses to the overlying waters where it is rapidly oxidized to Sb(V). In the deeper portions of the sediment, Sb is resedimented perhaps as a sulfide or associated with iron sulfide precipitation.
Nagy-Koranyi Proof of Loewner’s Theorem

In this chapter we apply the elementary theory of reproducing kernels developed in the previous chapter to establish a theorem due to G. Pick which complements the assertions of a theorem of Chapter III. We also give another proof of Loewner’s theorem. Both of these arguments are essentially due to Koranyi and Nagy.
NAA10-related syndrome

NAA10-related syndrome is an X-linked condition with a broad spectrum of findings ranging from a severe phenotype in males with p.Ser37Pro in NAA10, originally described as Ogden syndrome, to the milder NAA10-related intellectual disability found with different variants in both males and females. Although developmental impairments/intellectual disability may be the presenting feature (and in some cases the only finding), many individuals have additional cardiovascular, growth, and dysmorphic findings that vary in type and severity. Therefore, this set of disorders has substantial phenotypic variability and, as such, should be referred to more broadly as NAA10-related syndrome. NAA10 encodes an enzyme NAA10 that is certainly involved in the amino-terminal acetylation of proteins, alongside other proposed functions for this same protein. The mechanistic basis for how variants in NAA10 lead to the various phenotypes in humans is an active area of investigation, some of which will be reviewed herein.
Duality cache for data parallel acceleration

Duality Cache is an in-cache computation architecture that enables general purpose data parallel applications to run on caches. This paper presents a holistic approach of building Duality Cache system stack with techniques of performing in- cache floating point arithmetic and transcendental functions, enabling a data-parallel execution model, designing a compiler that accepts existing CUDA programs, and providing flexibility in adopting for various workload characteristics. Exposure to massive parallelism that exists in the Duality Cache architecture improves performance of GPU benchmarks by 3.6x and OpenACC benchmarks by 4.0x over a server class GPU. Re-purposing existing caches provides 72.6x better performance for CPUs with only 3.5% of area cost. Duality Cache reduces energy by 5.8x over GPUs and 21x over CPUs.
Studying pure spin currents in weakly spin-orbit coupled materials using the pulsed ferromagnetic resonance driven inverse spin-Hall effect (Conference Presentation)

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the spin diffusion length in condensed matter are crucial parameters for spintronics applications. In order to study these, we have succeeded in employing a pulsed spin-pumping method based on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) to generate pure spin currents from ferromagnetic (FM) substrates into non-FM semiconductor layers1 which can then be detected through the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE). When the FM is in FMR with a pulsed microwave (MW) excitation, a pure spin-current is generated in the non-FM layer which can circumvent potential impedance mismatches between the FM and the non-FM layer and, therefore generate a strong pulsed ISHE signal. Due to the low duty cycle of the pulsed excitation, MW excitation powers can be used that are strong enough to generate pronounced ISHE signals even in materials with weak SOC such as carbon-based materials. This sensitivity allows for the study of the quantitative nature of the ISHE and thus, to apply scrutiny to a number of questions about the ISHE effect in general, including how strongly FMR-driving field inhomogeneities affect a measured ISHE current, the relationship of ISHE voltages to the ISHE current in devices consisting of layers with different conductivities, as well the experimental conditions which have to be monitored during an ISHE experiment in order to ensure reproducibility. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1404634 – Sample preparation and Experiments) and the NSF-Material Science & Engineering Center (DMR-1121252- Polymer Synthesis and Facilities) at the University of Utah. 1. D. Sun et al., Nature Materials 15, 863–869 (2016). doi:10.1038/nmat4618
Algebraically stabilized Lagrange multiplier method for frictional contact mechanics with hydraulically active fractures

Abstract Accurate numerical simulation of coupled fracture/fault deformation and fluid flow is crucial to the performance and safety assessment of many subsurface systems. In this work, we consider the discretization and enforcement of contact conditions at such surfaces. The bulk rock deformation is simulated using low-order continuous finite elements, while frictional contact conditions are imposed by means of a Lagrange multiplier method. We employ a cell-centered finite-volume scheme to solve the fracture fluid mass balance equation. From a modeling perspective, a convenient choice is to use a single grid for both mechanical and flow processes, with piecewise-constant interpolation of Lagrange multipliers, i.e., contact tractions and fluid pressure. Unfortunately, this combination of displacement and multiplier variables is not uniformly inf–sup stable, and therefore requires a stabilization technique. Starting from a macroelement analysis, we develop two algebraic stabilization approaches and compare them in terms of robustness and convergence rate. The proposed approaches are validated against challenging analytical two- and three-dimensional benchmarks to demonstrate accuracy and robustness. These benchmarks include both pure contact mechanics problems and well as problems with tightly-coupled fracture flow.
What Eye Movements Reveal About Later Comprehension of Long Connected Texts.

We know that reading involves coordination between textual characteristics and visual attention, but research linking eye movements during reading and comprehension assessed after reading is surprisingly limited, especially for reading long connected texts. We tested two competing possibilities: (a) the weak association hypothesis: Links between eye movements and comprehension are weak and short-lived, versus (b) the strong association hypothesis: The two are robustly linked, even after a delay. Using a predictive modeling approach, we trained regression models to predict comprehension scores from global eye movement features, using participant-level cross-validation to ensure that the models generalize across participants. We used data from three studies in which readers (Ns = 104, 130, 147) answered multiple-choice comprehension questions ~30 min after reading a 6,500-word text, or after reading up to eight 1,000-word texts. The models generated accurate predictions of participants' text comprehension scores (correlations between observed and predicted comprehension: 0.384, 0.362, 0.372, ps < .001), in line with the strong association hypothesis. We found that making more, but shorter fixations, consistently predicted comprehension across all studies. Furthermore, models trained on one study's data could successfully predict comprehension on the others, suggesting generalizability across studies. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is a robust link between eye movements and subsequent comprehension of a long connected text, thereby connecting theories of low-level eye movements with those of higher order text processing during reading.
Dum Spiro Spero: On Post-Pandemic Hope

This paper was originally delivered at The Psychology of Global Crisis: State Surveillance, Solidarity and Everyday Life virtual conference, 2020, at The American University of Paris I discuss with my own lived experience of surviving COVID-19 as the basis for how the event of a crisis brings into focus hope’s undecidable, ontological nature, thus shattering everyday presumptions about hope as located elsewhere than the here and now in what I call either imagineered prostalgia or salvaged and recycled nostalgia I also discuss the challenge of the suicidal moment to the idea that hope is ontological I close with a suggested link to various kinds of pandemics, either virally infective or racially oppressive or genocidal, in the shared, ontological nature of breath as hope, dum spiro spero, where, as I breathe, I hope I note how this ontology of breath as hope, whether as ruach, pneuma, prana, qi, alruwh, or roho, is incomparably and ontically unique in both the different kinds of asphyxiations faced of breath and in what each is trying to breathe My hope is that by knowing hope is ontological and inherent to existence, even in despair, and neither coupled to imagineered prostalgia nor salvaged and recycled nostalgia, that one can embrace life as is, knowing we gasp even when we cannot breathe © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature
An in vitro study of pressure increases during contrast injections in diagnostic cerebral angiography.

BackgroundDuring diagnostic cerebral angiography, the contrast bolus injected into a vessel can cause substantial changes in baseline pressures and flows. One potential, and serious complication is...
Women screened for breast cancer are dying from lung cancer: An opportunity to improve lung cancer screening in a mammography population.

ObjectiveLung cancer is the leading cancer killer in women, resulting in more deaths than breast, cervical and ovarian cancer combined. Screening for lung cancer has been shown to significantly red...
The sexual spore pigment asperthecin is required for normal ascospore production and protection from UV light in Aspergillus nidulans.

Many fungi develop both asexual and sexual spores that serve as propagules for dissemination and/or recombination of genetic traits. Asexual spores are often heavily pigmented and this pigmentation provides protection from UV light. However, little is known about any purpose pigmentation may serve for sexual spores. The model Ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans produces both green pigmented asexual spores (conidia) and red pigmented sexual spores (ascospores). Here we find that the previously characterized red pigment, asperthecin, is the A. nidulans ascospore pigment. The asperthecin biosynthetic gene cluster is composed of three genes, aptA, aptB, and aptC where deletion of either aptA (encoding a polyketide synthase) or aptB (encoding a thioesterase) yields small, mishappen hyaline ascospores while deletion of aptC (encoding a monooxygenase) yields morphologically normal but purple ascospores. ∆aptA and ∆aptB but not ∆aptC or WT ascospores are extremely sensitive to UV light. We find that two historical ascospore color mutants, clA6 and clB1, possess mutations in aptA and aptB sequences respectively.
E-Cigarette Fluids and Aerosol Residues Cause Oxidative Stress and an Inflammatory Response in Human Keratinocytes and 3D Skin Models.

Our goal was to evaluate the effects of EC refill fluids and EC exhaled aerosol residue (ECEAR) on cultured human keratinocytes and MatTek EpiDerm™, a 3D air liquid interface human skin model. Quantification of flavor chemicals and nicotine in Dewberry Cream and Churrios refill fluids was done using GC-MS. The dominant flavor chemicals were maltol, ethyl maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, benzyl alcohol, and furaneol. Cytotoxicity was determined with the MTT and LDH assays, and inflammatory markers were quantified with ELISAs. Churrios was cytotoxic to keratinocytes in the MTT assay, and both fluids induced ROS production in the medium (ROS-Glo™) and in cells (CellROX). Exposure of EpiDerm™ to relevant concentrations of Dewberry Cream and Churrios for 4 or 24 h caused secretion of inflammatory markers (IL-1α, IL-6, and MMP-9), without altering EpiDerm™ histology. Lab made fluids with propylene glycol (PG) or PG plus a flavor chemical did not produce cytotoxic effects, but increased secretion of IL-1α and MMP-9, which was attributed to PG. ECEAR derived from Dewberry Cream and Churrios did not produce cytotoxicity with Epiderm™, but Churrios ECEAR induced IL-1α secretion. These data support the conclusion that EC chemicals can cause oxidative damage and inflammation to human skin.
The impact of cognitive rehabilitation on quality of life in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study.

BackgroundCognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) negatively impacts daily function and quality of life (QoL). Prior studies of cognitive rehabilitation in pwMS have shown lim...
Extracellular Vesicles Deliver Mitochondria and HSP27 Protein to Protect the Blood-Brain Barrier

Ischemic stroke causes brain endothelial cell death and damages tight junction integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We engineered endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the delivery of exogenous heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and harnessed the innate EV mitochondrial load as a one, two-punch strategy to increase brain endothelial cell survival (via mitochondrial delivery) and preserve their tight junction integrity (via HSP27 delivery). We demonstrated that endothelial microvesicles but not exosomes transferred their mitochondrial load that subsequently underwent fusion with the mitochondrial network of the recipient primary human brain endothelial cells. This mitochondrial transfer increased the relative ATP levels and mitochondrial function in the recipient endothelial cells. EV-mediated HSP27 delivery to primary human brain endothelial cells decreased the paracellular permeability of small and large molecular mass fluorescent tracers in an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. This one, two-punch approach to increase the metabolic function and structural integrity of brain endothelial cells is a promising strategy for BBB protection and prevention of long-term neurological dysfunction post-ischemic stroke.
Impact of access to care and race/ethnicity on in vitro fertilization care discontinuation

Abstract Research Question Is race/ethnicity or access to care, as defined by insurance coverage, distance to clinic, and zip code, associated with care discontinuation following in vitro fertilization (IVF)? Design A retrospective cohort study of 878 diverse women who underwent 1,689 IVF cycles from 2014-2018 at a Southeastern academic medical center was performed. Women were divided into low (LAC) and high (HAC) access to care groups. HAC was defined as possessing IVF insurance coverage, living ≤25 miles from the clinic, and living in a zip code with a median income ≥$75,000. Access groups and racial/ethnic groups were compared for differences in relative risk of care discontinuation following an unsuccessful IVF cycle. Results Women with HAC had a poorer IVF prognosis than the LAC group, which possibly impacted the association with care discontinuation. Distance to clinic, but not insurance coverage or zip code, was associated with increased risk of care discontinuation. Variation in insurance coverage existed among patients, possibly impacting its association with discontinuation. Among women ≤34 years, HAC was associated with an increased risk of care discontinuation (aRR 2.5, 95% CI: 0.8-8.1). Despite having higher rates of insurance coverage (51.2% vs. 36.5%), non-Hispanic Black women were more likely to discontinue care (58.3% vs. 40.2%) and less likely to achieve a live birth (53% vs. 68%) than non-Hispanic White women. Conclusions HAC women ≤34 years old, identification as non-Hispanic Black, and distance to clinic, but not insurance coverage or zip code, were associated with an increased risk of care discontinuation following an unsuccessful IVF cycle.
Economic Espionage and Industrial Spying

This 2005 book provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime in the burgeoning information society. Bringing together views from leading national and international authorities, Hedieh Nasheri explains the historical and theoretical background surrounding issues of economic espionage, trade secret theft and industrial spying and its impact on society. She looks at legislative history, the progression of electronic and corporate criminal behavior by introducing the concept of information theft and computer crimes, exploring its definition, its identification and its development within criminology. Nasheri presents an assessment of the state of economic espionage activities within a criminological context and based on that assessment addresses areas where additional action is required. The book also draws attention to a variety of issues raised by economic espionage and technological development. It draws on a variety of disciplines, including criminology, criminal justice, sociology, law and society, economics and political science.
Solution NMR Experiment for Measurement of 15N–1H Residual Dipolar Couplings in Large Proteins and Supramolecular Complexes

NMR residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) are exquisite probes of protein structure and dynamics. A new solution NMR experiment named 2D SE2 J-TROSY is presented to measure N–H RDCs for proteins and supramolecular complexes in excess of 200 kDa. This enables validation and refinement of their X-ray crystal and solution NMR structures and the characterization of structural and dynamic changes occurring upon complex formation. Accurate N–H RDCs were measured at 750 MHz 1H resonance frequency for 11-mer 93 kDa 2H,15N-labeled Trp RNA-binding attenuator protein tumbling with a correlation time τc of 120 ns. This is about twice as long as that for the most slowly tumbling system, for which N–H RDCs could be measured, so far, and corresponds to molecular weights of ∼200 kDa at 25 °C. Furthermore, due to the robustness of SE2 J-TROSY with respect to residual 1H density from exchangeable protons, increased sensitivity at 1H resonance frequencies around 1 GHz promises to enable N–H RDC measurement for even larger systems.
Sociolinguistics Today: International Perspectives

Sociolinguistics Today: International Perspectives. Kmgsley Bolton and Helen Kwok. eds. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. 383 pp.
A STEP into Darkness or Light

The recent failure of a vector-based HIV vaccine may be explained by individual subjects' immune capacity and genetics.
Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Materials Program: Progress and Highlights

The Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Materials Program was begun in 1997 to support the enabling materials needs of the DOE Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies (OHVT). The technical agenda for the program grew out of the technology roadmap for the OHVT and includes efforts in materials for: fuel systems, exhaust aftertreatment, valve train, air handling, structural components, electrochemical propulsion, natural gas storage, and thermal management. A five-year program plan was written in early 2000, following a stakeholders workshop. The technical issues and planned and ongoing projects are discussed. Brief summaries of several technical highlights are given.
Achievement and affiliation motivation

Abstract Under various conceptual forms, achievement motivation has been used frequently to explore and understand human behavior patterns. Affiliation motivation is a related concept that has received relatively less attention in the behavioral sciences. Here, a content analysis methodology is used to track these two social values over a 50-year period. As predicted by Riesman's theory of social character, the incidence of affiliation motivation appeals is found to be on the increase in popular media advertising, while the use of achievement motivation appeals is on the decrease. Achievement appeals are found to be more common in male-oriented publications than in female-oriented publications.
Immune Complexes Suppress IFN-γ–Induced Responses in Monocytes by Activating Discrete Members of the SRC Kinase Family

The regulation of the innate and the adaptive immune responses are extensively intertwined and tightly regulated. Ag-driven immune responses that are modulated by immune complexes (ICs) are known to inhibit IFN-γ-dependent MHC class II expression. We have previously demonstrated that ICs dramatically inhibit IFN-γ-induced activation of human monocytes through the activation of the FcγRI signaling pathway. In the present study we further explore the mechanisms by which ICs regulate IFN-γ activation of human monocytes. We demonstrate that members of the SRC kinase family (SKF) are key mediators of IFN-γ pathway suppression: inhibitors of the SKF reverse the ability of ICs to suppress IFN-γ signaling. Small interfering RNA was used to target specific members of the SKF. The data indicate that SRC and LYN are both required for ICs to elicit their immunosuppressive activity, whereas FYN does not appear to contribute to this function. Similarly, the kinase SYK, though not a member of the SKF, is also demonstrated to be involved in this IC-mediated immunosuppression. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby ICs directly inhibit inflammatory signals by crosslinking FcγRI, resulting in the activation of the specific phosphotyrosine kinases SRC, LYN, and SYK and the concomitant suppression of the IFN-γ signaling pathway.