cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transgenic animal models of tauopathies

Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) and other related diseases with prominent tau pathology. Research advances in the last several decades have characterized and defined tau neuropathologies of both neuron and glia in these diverse disorders and this has stimulated development of animal models of tauopathies. Indeed, animal models ranging from invertebrate species such as C. elegan to Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian transgenic mouse models of tauopathies have been generated and reported. This review summarizes the salient features of many of the known models of tauopathies.
Novel Use of Dexmedetomidine for the Treatment of Anticholinergic Toxidrome

Introduction We report the case of an adolescent with anticholinergic toxidrome from diphenhydramine overdose, whose symptoms were treated with a novel application of dexmedetomidine.
Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron Transfer in RE(I) Chromophore-Quencher Complexes: Rate Dependence in the Inverted Region and the Use of a Rigid Organic Spacer

Abstract Rates for intramolecular electron transfer (kET) were determined in two molecular systems in which an electron donor is covalently bonded to a transition metal chromophore of the type [(diimine)ReI(CO)3L]+. In one system the dependence of kET on ΔGET was examined and in another the rates for charge separation and recombination across a rigid organic spacer were determined.
The Relations Between the Hydrogen-Ion Concentration and the Bacterial Content of Commercial Milk

These studies were undertaken, as indicated in our preliminary report (1), with the hope that out of them would eventually grow a practical, indirect, method of ascertaining in a few minutes the probable number of bacteria in commercial milk. Making a bacterial count of milk by the standard plate method is a matter of forty-eight hours, while the hydrogen-ion concentration may be determined by the colorimetric method in less than ten minutes. It was hoped that an indirect method of this kind would not only serve to estimate the number of bacteria in market milk at any given time, but would also indicate its probable age and keeping qualities. Instead of the colorimetric method described in the previous paper most of the subsequent hydrogen-ion determinations were made with a Wendt's electro-titration apparatus. No appreciable difference, however, was noted when the two methods were checked against each other. The colorimetric method yields itself far more readily to universal employment, which is to be considered in the practical application of this method of determining the number of bacteria in market milk, should further studies warrant its adoption. These determinations were made on pooled milk obtained from two city dairies and one dairy farm. The bacterial counts were made according to the standard set by the American Public Health Association in 1916. The milk was plated immediately after making the pH readings.
Optical emission-line spectra from jet-cloud collisions?

Abstract We have examined the relative emission line strengths of [NII], [OI], and [SII] for selected regions in three nearby objects, all of which have published radio images showing detailed correspondence between the disrupted morphology of the ionized gas clouds and the radio features at spatial resolutions of ≤1 h −1 kpc. In all of these cases the clouds have measured velocities which differ from those of the ambient medium and are directed away from the impinging radio plasma. In two of these objects the values for [NII] : Hα are significantly lower than those usually found for active galaxy nuclei (and EELG) with similar values of [OI] and [SII]. None of the published models which calculate emission line ratios for shock heating and/or UV continuum excitation and ionization reproduce the extreme values of the [NII]: Hα ratios which we find here. We postulate that the extremely low emissivity for [NII] which we see in these two objects may arise from the way in which the radio jet energized the interstellar gas in the galaxy.
Explaining the Extraversion/Positive Affect Relation: Sociability Cannot Account for Extraverts' Greater Happiness

The association between Extraversion and positive affect is one of the most robust findings in the study of personality and emotion. Temperament models posit that the association is direct; instrumental models posit that the association is mediated by additional processes. Two experience sampling studies were conducted to test instrumental mechanisms that might underlie the effect. According to a mediation model, extraverts' greater social activity can account for their increased positive affect when compared to introverts. According to a person-by-situation interaction model, extraverts react more positively to social situations than do introverts, and this interaction can account for the association. Only weak support for the instrumental models was found; consistent with temperament models, a moderate direct association remained even after controlling for these effects.
A cesium impact source for negative-ion mass spectra

Abstract Negative ions are produced in a single-collision charge-transfer source. A beam of cesium atoms with kinetic energies which are variable between 10 and 350 eV intersects a beam of target molecules. Negative ions and Cs + are formed. The energy dependence of these anion spectra are measured for SO 2 , CH 3 NO 2 , SF 6 , and CF 2 Cl 2 . The observed cesium impact spectra are qualitatively different from those produced by electrons. At the higher cesium-atom energies, they are relatively insensitive to energy. Large parent ion intensities are seen for SO 2 and CH 3 NO 2 . For Cs + SF 6 , our ratios (SF 6 − /SF 5 − ) and (F − /SF 5 − ) are in agreement with those of Compton and Cooper for the limited range of Cs energy employed in both experiments.
The Universality of Values: Implications for Global Advertising Strategy

ABSTRACT General values have been increasingly used as a basis for market segmentation. While the content and structure of values have been extensively studied, the relationship between a values structure and implications for segmentation as well as brand appeal and media consumption has not been analyzed as thoroughly. The objectives of this research is to fill in the gap by: (1) demonstrating that there exists a universal value structure of six types; (2) identifying the segment typology by country and assessing similarities among clusters of countries and differences between countries; and (3) examining the relationship between segment typology and brand appeal and media consumption.
siRNA off-target search: a hybrid q-gram based filtering approach

Designing highly effective and gene-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences is crucial for any biological applications involving RNA interference (RNAi). A critical requirement for applying RNAi process in therapeutic applications is the ability to predict and to avoid side effect interactions with unintended transcripts (messager RNA, or mRNA). In this paper, we propose a flexible framework for detecting siRNA off-target effects. The framework can also be extended with minor changes to other applications such as selecting PCR primers or microarray nucleotide probes.Based on the framework, we have developed and implemented a new homology sequence search program -- siRNA Off-target Search (SOS). SOS uses a hybrid, q-gram based approach, combining two filtering techniques using overlapping and non-overlapping q-grams. This approach considers three types of imperfect matches based on biological experiments: G:U wobbles, mismatches, and bulges. The three main improvements over existing methods are: 1) introduce a more general cost model (an affine bulge cost model) for siRNA-mRNA off-target alignment; 2) use separate searches for alignments with and without bulges that enables efficient discovery of potential off-target candidates in the filtration phase; and 3) achieve better performance, in terms of speed and recall/precision, than BLAST in detecting potential siRNA off-targets.
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity

We present a method to describe the relationship between particle dry diameter and cloud condensation nu- clei (CCN) activity using a single hygroscopicity parameter . Values of the hygroscopicity parameter are between 0.5 and 1.4 for highly-CCN-active salts such as sodium chlo- ride, between 0.01 and 0.5 for slightly to very hygroscopic organic species, and 0 for nonhygroscopic components. Ob- servations indicate that atmospheric particulate matter is typ- ically characterized by 0.1<< 0.9. If compositional data are available and if the hygroscopicity parameter of each com- ponent is known, a multicomponent hygroscopicity parame- ter can be computed by weighting component hygroscopic- ity parameters by their volume fractions in the mixture. In the absence of information on chemical composition, exper- imental data for complex, multicomponent particles can be fitted to obtain the hygroscopicity parameter. The hygroscop- icity parameter can thus also be used to conveniently model the CCN activity of atmospheric particles, including those containing insoluble components. We confirm the applica- bility of the hygroscopicity parameter and its mixing rule by applying it to published hygroscopic diameter growth fac- tor and CCN-activation data for single- and multi-component particles containing varying amounts of inorganic, organic and surface active compounds. We suggest that may be fit to CCN data assuming s/a=0.072 J m 2 and present a table of derived for this value and T=298.15 K. The predicted hygroscopicities for mixtures that contain the surfactant ful- vic acid agree within uncertainties with the measured values. It thus appears that this approach is adequate for predict- ing CCN activity of mixed particles containing surface ac- tive materials, but the generality of this assumption requires further verification.
THE VIDEOTAPE RENTAL MODEL

In this paper we study the situation faced by a videotape rental store which must decide how many copies of a new videotape release it should purchase for rental to customers. A model representing this process is developed and contrasted with the classical newsboy problem.
Cardiovascular and Hematopoietic Defects Associated With Notch1 Activation in Embryonic Tie2-Expressing Populations

Notch signaling is critical for the development and maintenance of the cardiovasculature, with loss-of-function studies defining roles of Notch1 in the endothelial/hematopoietic lineages. No in vivo studies have addressed complementary gain-of-function strategies within these tissues to define consequences of Notch activation. We developed a transgenic model of Cre recombinase-mediated activation of a constitutively active mouse Notch1 allele (N1ICD(+)) and studied transgene activation in Tie2-expressing lineages. The in vivo phenotype was compared to effects of Notch1 activation on endothelial tubulogenesis, paracrine regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, and hematopoiesis. N1ICD(+) embryos showed midgestation lethality with defects in angiogenic remodeling of embryonic and yolk sac vasculature, cardiac development, smooth muscle cell investment of vessels, and hematopoietic differentiation. Angiogenic defects corresponded with impaired endothelial tubulogenesis in vitro following Notch1 activation and paracrine inhibition of smooth muscle cells when grown with Notch1-activated endothelial cells. Flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic and endothelial precursor populations demonstrated a significant loss of CD71(+)/Ter119(+) populations with an active N1ICD(+) allele and a corresponding increase in c-Kit(+)/CD71 and Flk1(+) populations, suggesting a developmental block during the transition between c-Kit- and Ter119-expressing erythroblasts. Cardiovascular lineages are sensitive to an imbalance in Notch signaling, with aberrant activation reflecting a vascular phenotype comparable to a loss-of-function Notch1 mutation.
A neural network approach for solving integral equations

A strategy for solving integral equations using a Hopfield-type network is presented. The major advantage of this strategy is the guaranteed convergence to the globally optimum solution ensured by the causality property of the network and the continuous nature of the feedback to each node. The algorithm consists of deriving the two function minimization equations, one for the energy function of the network and the other for the least squares solution of the discretized integral equation with regularization conditions. By comparing similar terms of the two equations, the circuit parameters of the network are estimated. The network is then simulated to obtain the solution of the integral equation. Initial simulation results are presented. >
Interweaving routines: strategies for encompassing a social situation

This paper, like the research on which it is based, grew out of an interest in the conditions and circumstances which enable children to tell long and involved stories of their own creation. For several years we have been collecting narratives from part-Hawaiian children five to twelve years of age in a variety of circumstances. These include both individual children and self-selected peer groups talking to each other and with one of us around school or in their own neighborhoods (see Watson-Gegeo & Boggs '977; Watson '975; Boggs 1972). The description by Sutton-Smith and his collaborators (I975: 82), which parallels some of our experiences, provides a useful introduction to the questions addressed in this paper:
Live birth is the correct outcome for clinical trials evaluating therapy for the infertile couple

Well-designed and -conducted clinical trials are needed to further advance the field for reproductive medicine. However, current reporting of outcomes of trials is ambiguous and disparate. In this review it is offered that the preferred outcome for clinical trials in reproductive medicine should be live birth. Multiple births should be listed, and it should be specified whether this is multiple births per couple or multiple births per conception. The unit of measure should be women (or couples) and not cycles. The duration of exposure should also be clearly identified (i.e., treatment was one cycle, a prespecified number of cycles, or a period of time). Pregnancy loss should be specified, and the denominator should be those who conceived. Although live birth is the primary outcome, complications should be defined and reported, including multiple births and other objective markers, such as preterm delivery, small-for-gestational age, or stillbirth.
Methods for metabolic evaluation of prostate cancer cells using proton and 13C HR‐MAS spectroscopy and [3‐13C] pyruvate as a metabolic substrate

Prostate cancer has been shown to undergo unique metabolic changes associated with neoplastic transformation, with associated changes in citrate, alanine, and lactate concentrations. (13)C high resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) spectroscopy provides an opportunity to simultaneously investigate the metabolic pathways implicated in these changes by using (13)C-labeled substrates as metabolic probes. In this work, a method to reproducibly interrogate metabolism in prostate cancer cells in primary culture was developed using HR-MAS spectroscopy. Optimization of cell culture protocols, labeling parameters, harvesting, storage, and transfer was performed. Using [3-(13)C] pyruvate as a metabolic probe, (1)H and (13)C HR-MAS spectroscopy was used to quantify the net amount and fractional enrichment of several labeled metabolites that evolved in multiple cell samples from each of five different prostate cancers. Average enrichment across all cancers was 32.4 +/- 5.4% for [3-(13)C] alanine, 24.5 +/- 5.4% for [4-(13)C] glutamate, 9.1 +/- 2.5% for [3-(13)C] glutamate, 25.2 +/- 5.7% for [3-(13)C] aspartate, and 4.2 +/- 1.0% for [3-(13)C] lactate. Cell samples from the same parent population demonstrated reproducible fractional enrichments of alanine, glutamate, and aspartate to within 12%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, the cells produced a significant amount of [4-(13)C] glutamate, which supports the bioenergetic theory for prostate cancer. These methods will allow further characterization of metabolic properties of prostate cancer cells in the future. Magn Reson Med, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thermal-Aware High-Frequency Characterization of Large-Scale Through-Silicon-Via Structures

The 3-D integration exacerbates the thermal issues over a single die due to the high-power density and poor thermal conductivity of the adhesive layers in between the stackedup dies. In this paper, an electrical-thermal co-simulation is developed to consider the thermal influence and accurately predict the electrical behaviors of the through-silicon-via (TSV) structures. The co-simulation is implemented with the finite element method (FEM) for its capabilities in modeling complex geometries and materials. A highly efficient domain decomposition scheme is introduced into the co-simulation to deal with large-scale massively coupled TSV structures. The domain decomposition scheme enables simulation with multiple processors in parallel and achieves significant reduction in computation time. Various design parameters in typical TSV structures, such as the TSV array in the silicon interposer and the TSV daisy chains are investigated with the proposed co-simulation.
Anti-Angiogenic Treatment with Linomide as Adjuvant to Surgical Castration in Experimental Prostate Cancer

AbstractPurpose: Escape from “castration inhibition,” be it surgical or chemically induced, is still the major problem in prostate cancer treatment. New agents that can be given as adjuvant therapy are needed. Linomide has demonstrated both anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity with little toxicity in the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate tumor system. Therefore it was deemed essential to study the efficacy of this drug in the adjuvant situation.Materials and Methods: Linomide, roquinimex, was administered 3 times a week i.p. alone or in conjunction with castration to rats bearing the Dunning R-3327 PAP rat prostate tumor and its effect on tumor growth analyzed. Similar experiments, in which Linomide 25 mg.kg./day was given in the drinking water were carried out in rats with the Dunning R-3327 G tumor. The effect of treatment on blood vessel density and blood flow in the tumor was also assessed using an image analysis system.Results: Linomide, 2.5 & 40 mg./kg., administered from the day after castration inhib...
Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: A field experiment in Rwanda.

Can the media reduce intergroup prejudice and conflict? Despite the high stakes of this question, understanding of the mass media's role in shaping prejudiced beliefs, norms, and behavior is limited. A yearlong field experiment in Rwanda tested the impact of a radio soap opera featuring messages about reducing intergroup prejudice, violence, and trauma in 2 fictional Rwandan communities. Compared with a control group who listened to a health radio soap opera, listeners' perceptions of social norms and their behaviors changed with respect to intermarriage, open dissent, trust, empathy, cooperation, and trauma healing. However, the radio program did little to change listeners' personal beliefs. Group discussion and emotion were implicated in the process of media influence. Taken together, the results point to an integrated model of behavioral prejudice and conflict reduction that prioritizes the communication of social norms over changes in personal beliefs.
Mapping Gender: The Multifactorial Approach and the Organization of Gender-Related Attributes

Recent theoretical and empirical work on gender-related attributes suggests a multifactorial approach, with masculine and feminine characteristics composed of many different areas: instrumentality/expressiveness in personality, occupations and leisure interests, physical/material attributes, stylistic and symbolic behaviors, social relationships, feminist attitudes, and self-rated masculinity/femininity. This article tests the multifactorial approach by measuring variables in every area by questionnaire and videotape in a sample of undergraduates. Bivariate correlations and factor analysis reveal a robust factor linking occupations and leisure interests for both men and women. Women's gender-related attributes show little coherence outside this factor. Men display a “male dominance” factor connecting low expressiveness, sports interest, male friends, sitting with knees wide apart, and conservative attitudes toward feminism. The results support a multifactorial approach but also uphold a link for men betwe...
Accuracy-aware SRAM: a reconfigurable low power SRAM architecture for mobile multimedia applications

We propose a dynamically reconfigurable SRAM architecture for low-power mobile multimedia applications. Parametric failures due to manufacturing variations limit the opportunities for power saving in SRAM. We show that, using a lower voltage for cells storing low-order bits and a nominal voltage for cells storing higher order bits, ~45% savings in memory power can be achieved with a marginal (~10%) reduction in image quality. A reconfigurable array structure is developed to dynamically reconfigure the number of bits in different voltage domains.
Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Rat Acyl-CoA Synthetases 1, 4, and 5 SELECTIVE INHIBITION BY TRIACSIN C AND THIAZOLIDINEDIONES

Inhibition by triacsins and troglitazone of long chain fatty acid incorporation into cellular lipids suggests the existence of inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS, EC ) that are linked to specific metabolic pathways. In order to test this hypothesis, we cloned and purified rat ACS1, ACS4, and ACS5, the isoforms present in liver and fat cells, expressed the isoforms as ACS-Flag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, and purified them by Flag affinity chromatography. The Flag epitope at the C terminus did not alter the kinetic properties of the enzyme. Purified ACS1-, 4-, and 5-Flag isoforms differed in their apparent K(m) values for ATP, thermolability, pH optima, requirement for Triton X-100, and sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide and phenylglyoxal. The ACS inhibitor triacsin C strongly inhibited ACS1 and ACS4, but not ACS5. The thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drugs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, strongly and specifically inhibited only ACS4, with an IC(50) of less than 1.5 microm. Troglitazone exhibited a mixed type inhibition of ACS4. alpha-Tocopherol, whose ring structure forms the non-TZD portion of troglitazone, did not inhibit ACS4, indicating that the thiazolidine-2,4-dione moiety is the critical component for inhibition. A non-TZD PPARgamma ligand, GW1929, which is 7-fold more potent than rosiglitazone, inhibited ACS1 and ACS4 poorly with an IC(50) of greater than 50 microm, more than 100-fold higher than was required for rosiglitazone, thereby demonstrating the specificity of TZD inhibition. Further, the PPARalpha ligands, clofibrate and GW4647, and various xenobiotic carboxylic acids known to be incorporated into complex lipids had no effect on ACS1, -4, or -5. These results, together with previous data showing that triacsin C and troglitazone strongly inhibit triacylglycerol synthesis compared with other metabolic pathways, suggest that ACS1 and ACS4 catalyze the synthesis of acyl-CoAs used for triacylglycerol synthesis and that lack of inhibition of a metabolic pathway by triacsin C does not prove lack of acyl-CoA involvement. The results further suggest the possibility that the insulin-sensitizing effects of the thiazolidinedione drugs might be achieved, in part, through direct interaction with ACS4 in a PPARgamma-independent manner.
Dynamical spin response functions for Heisenberg ladders

We present the results of a numerical study of the 2 {times}L spin- (1) /(2) Heisenberg ladder. Ground state energies and the singlet-triplet energy gaps for 4{le}L{le}14 and J{sub {perpendicular}}/J{sub {vert_bar}{vert_bar}} = 1 were obtained in a Lanczos calculation and checked against earlier calculations by Barnes {ital et al.} (even L{le} 12). A related moments technique is then employed to evaluate spin response functions for L = 12 and a range of J{sub {perpendicular}}/J{sub {vert_bar}{vert_bar}} (0 {endash} 5). We comment on two issues, the need for reorthogonalization and the rate of convergence, that affect the numerical utility of the moments treatment of response functions. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Present- Versus Past-Focused Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder/Substance Abuse: A Study of Clinician Preferences

This study explored clinicians’ views on present- versus past-focused posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments for clients with the dual diagnosis of substance-use disorder (SUD) and PTSD. Clinicians (N ¼ 133) attending a professional workshop were administered a questionnaire on the relative appeal and importance of each type of treatment, parameters for administering them (e.g., group vs. individual format), and whether clients’ abstinence from substances was necessary. Clinicians’ personal and professional characteristicswerealso measuredandrelated totheirviewsof thetreatments. Results indicated consistently greater endorsement for present- than for past-focused PTSD treatment but clear interest in both modalities and their combination. A majority believed they could treat PTSD/SUD clients but also believed thatclients need to be abstinent before engaging in past-focused PTSD treatment. Clinician characteristics associated with lower ratings of past-focused treatment included length of clinical experience, higher degree of burnout, and mental health as a primary work setting. Relatively higher ratings of past-focused treatment were found among clinicians who had a personal history of trauma and/or SUD and were from a substance-abuse primary work setting. Discussion includes methodological limitations of this study and directions for future research. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 6:248–254 (2006)]
Computation of Homogenized Constitutive Tensor of Elastic Solids Containing Evolving Cracks

The determination of the equivalent (homogenized) constitutive tensor is one of the most important steps in multiscale models as well as in the classical homogenization theory. In this article, a procedure for determining the homogenized instantaneous (tangent) constitutive tensor of elastic materials contain- ing growing cracks is proposed. The primary purpose of this procedure is its use in two-way coupled multiscale finite element algorithms that can model crack forma- tion and propagation at the local microstructure. The procedure is basically devel- oped by relating the local displacement field to the global strain tensor at each location and using first-order homogenization techniques. The finite element formu- lation is developed and some example problems are presented in order to verify and demonstrate the model capabilities.
Risk for uveitis after laser in situ keratomileusis in patients positive for human leukocyte antigen-B27.

Purpose To assess the incidence of, risk for, and visual outcomes of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positive patients who had laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Setting University-based center. Methods This study comprised 46 eyes of 23 HLA-B27 positive patients with a 5-year follow-up. Data on episodes of uveitis were reviewed retrospectively and the incidence rates calculated for LASIK and non-LASIK eyes. Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were calculated for uveitis occurring during the final 36 to 60 months of the study. Survival probabilities between LASIK and non-LASIK eyes were compared. Results Twenty eyes (10 patients) had LASIK a mean of 36 months ± 2 (SD) after the diagnosis of HLA-B27. In the HLA-B27 positive patients, the incidence rates of uveitis between eyes that had and eyes that did not have LASIK were not significantly different. The incidence rates of uveitis after LASIK did not differ significantly between eyes with and eyes without episodes of uveitis before LASIK ( P = .135). The probability of an eye having no episode of uveitis in the fourth and fifth year of follow-up was not significantly different between eyes that had LASIK and those that did not ( P = .668). Conclusions The occurrence rate of post-LASIK AAU in the HLA-B27 positive population was not higher than the general incidence in a similar HLA-B27 population without previous LASIK. A previous episode of uveitis did not appear to increase the risk for uveitis after LASIK in HLA-B27 positive patients.
A Course in Engineering Analysis for Superior Students

As a part of the expanding honors group program for superior students, a course in Engineering Analysis using the assistance of engineers from cooperating industry has been evolved. The selection of students, the orientation part of the course, the selection of problems from industry, and a discussion of the results are presented.
MULTIMODAL THERAPY FOR STAGE IV ADULT WILMS TUMOR

A 34-year-old Native American, with no significant medical history, presented with a 2 to 3 month history of persistent right low back pain, 10 lb. weight loss, and acute nausea and vomiting during a 2-week period. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large, predominantly solid, heterogeneous mass near the lower pole of an enlarged right kidney. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed a 15 cm. mass arising from the superior pole of the right kidney, multiple lesions in the liver and both lungs, with significant pleural effusions (fig. 1, A). Positron emission tomography verified fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by these lesions in the liver and lungs, consistent with metastatic lesions. Additional staging included a bone scan, brain magnetic resonance imaging, testicular ultrasound, tumor markers and urinalysis, which were all normal. CT guided core biopsy of the renal mass was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed malignant small blue cells, consistent with Wilms tumor of a favorable histology (fig. 2). Pathological diagnosis was reviewed and independently confirmed by the director of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study pathology section. The patient was treated preoperatively according to a 48week pediatric high risk Wilms tumor protocol, which consisted of 5 cycles of multiagent chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine and dactinomycin). Right radical nephrectomy was performed with the placement of a right hepatic artery perfusion catheter (Arrow pump*). Mediastinum and lungs were subjected to 2,000 cGy. radiation. A month after resection, systemic chemotherapy with vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide, and intrahepatic therapy (via the Arrow pump) with doxorubicin was resumed. Subsequently, the patient received 2 cycles of continuous intrahepatic infusion of doxorubicin, and a course of systemic 200 mg./m. 2 paclitaxel. Followup CT at 6 months after resection showed resolution of lung metastases, stable liver lesions and no residual disease in the renal bed (fig. 1, B). DISCUSSION
Marangoni-driven micromotor in liquid medium

Marangoni flow, the flow of liquids induced by a temperature gradient at a liquid-gas interface, can be utilized in microfluidic actuation. In this paper, we describe the rotary motion, by Marangoni flow, of a micromotor made of stainless steel immersed in a thin layer of liquid. A 128-pixel heater array is suspended ≈500 µm above the liquid of height 2 mm. By applying 1 W to each of the four heaters directly above the four rotor blades, a temperature gradient of 0.8 K/mm is created at the surface. A rotor of diameter 4.1 mm with a blade angle of 34° experiences a maximum torque of 5.6 pN.m and takes 28 sec to make a complete rotation in a liquid with viscosity 5 cSt. The speed of rotation is affected by the blade angle of the rotor, temperature gradient of liquid surface and liquid viscosity.
Rotating out-of-plane micromirror

This paper presents a novel, micro-actuated system for beam steering or optical multiplexing applications. The system consists of polysilicon micromirror which is held at ~45° angle on a gear which has a rotational freedom of 360°. In this work, we use serpentine springs attached to a mirror with position specific "catch blocks" to hold the mirror at a desired angle on top of a rotating gear. Out-of-plane assembly is achieved using a simple, postprocessing procedure. The mirror platform is driven by an electrostatically actuated rotary drive. The mirror was tested for robustness and optical performance. Good correlation was found between experiment and various simulations.
Retention in Online Blogging: A Case Study of the Blogster Community

Community-based blogging platforms can be rich sources of information on a variety of specialized topics, from finance to parenting. The usefulness of such platforms depends heavily on user participation and contribution. However, one potential problem is lower retention: users’ fail to contribute in the long run. This paper is an investigation of retention in the popular community blogging platform “Blogster.” We use the points users earn for their activities as a proxy of retention and explore the attributes that are associated with their retention. We find that highly retained users are most central in the network and their blogger friends are mutually less connected. They get more views and comments to their posted blogs. We also examine the homophily of retention in the social network. Based on our empirical observations, we build a classifier that is able to detect top retained users with accuracy as high as 94%. Our work has theoretical implications for the social behavior literature of community bloggers and practical design implications for potential community blogging platform developers.
Serotonergic Re-Uptake Inhibition and Depression: The Effects of Fluvoxamine on Sleep in Depressed Patients

Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in affective and sleep mechanisms. In addition, vigilance disorders are often associated with depression. Fluvoxamine, a new antidepressant drug, inhibits serotonin re-uptake in the synaptic cleft. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of fluvoxamine on sleep in depressed inpatients. Patients were recorded during 3 consecutive nights. They received a 75 mg dose of fluvoxamine the third night after the first two control nights. Increase of waking and paradoxical sleep (PS), shortening of PS latency and low level in stage 3 were characteristic of these patients in baseline. Fluvoxamine did not produce any effect on sleep-wake balance and orthodox sleep. Fluvoxamine induced an inhibition of PS. However, this effect was weak in comparison with noradrenergic antidepressants. We can conceive either a weak role of 5-HT mechanisms in PS regulation or/and an alteration of 5-HT mechanisms in this group of depressed patients.
Informing the Informed: How Content Preferences Limit the Impact of Voting Aids

Voters are often uninformed about the political candidates they choose between. Governments, media outlets and civic organizations devote substantial resources to correcting these knowledge deficits by creating tools to provide candidate information to voters. Despite the widespread production of these aids, it remains unclear who they reach. We collect validated measures of online voter guide use for over 40,000 newspaper readers during a state primary election. We show these guides are primarily used by individuals with high levels of political interest and knowledge, a finding in contrast to earlier hypotheses that providing these guides directly to voters online would reduce disparities in use based on political interest. A field experiment promoting voter guides failed to diminish these consumption gaps. These results show that the same content preferences that contribute to an unequal distribution of political knowledge also impede the effectiveness of subsequent efforts to close knowledge gaps.
Effect of melanoma intrinsic {beta}-catenin signaling on immune exclusion and resistance to immunotherapies.

9014 Background: A subset of metastatic melanoma patients shows evidence for a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment at baseline, which has prognostic value and is associated with clinical respons...
Metal-Free cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Can Catalyze Phosphoryl Transfer

X-ray structures of several ternary product complexes of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKAc) have been determined with no bound metal ions and with Na+ or K+ coordinated at two metal-binding sites. The metal-free PKAc and the enzyme with alkali metals were able to facilitate the phosphoryl transfer reaction. In all studied complexes, the ATP and the substrate peptide (SP20) were modified into the products ADP and the phosphorylated peptide. The products of the phosphotransfer reaction were also found when ATP-γS, a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, reacted with SP20 in the PKAc active site containing no metals. Single turnover enzyme kinetics measurements utilizing 32P-labeled ATP confirmed the phosphotransferase activity of the enzyme in the absence of metal ions and in the presence of alkali metals. In addition, the structure of the apo-PKAc binary complex with SP20 suggests that the sequence of binding events may become ordered in a metal-free environment, with SP20 binding first ...
Relations between Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava Devotional Practices and Implicit and Explicit Anthropomorphic Reasoning about Kṛṣṇa

Employing a narrative comprehension task procedure, this study tests the hypothesis that engagement in Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava religious practices, which are aimed at cultivating a personal relationship with the Hindu deity Kṛṣṇa, predict increased implicit attribution of anthropomorphic properties to him. Contrary to our hypothesis, multiple regression analyses of data from 184 native Krishna devotees in West Bengal, India, indicated that increased engagement in these practices loaded as a tertiary predictor after education and age, such that increased practice predicted a decrease in implicit anthropomorphic reasoning about Kṛṣṇa ( s = 0.16, p 0.03). Based on these and additional analyses of the data, we theorize that these results may be due to the tradition’s emphasis on presenting Kṛṣṇa’s non-anthropomorphic dimensions to neophyte practitioners and the non-Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava public. One implication of these results is that religious cultures and engagement in religious practices have the potential to significantly affect a human cognitive tendency to implicitly attribute anthropomorphic properties to divine beings. This may result from developing alternative knowledge from which to reason about a deity by engaging in religious practices and beliefs shaped by particular theological, historical, and cultural factors.
Critical Care in Critical Access Hospitals

What began as a grant-funded demonstration project, as a means of bridging the gap in rural health care, has developed into a critical access hospital system comprising 1328 facilities across 45 states. A critical access hospital is not just a safety net for health care in a rural community. Such hospitals may also provide specialized services such as same-day surgery, infusion therapy, and intensive care. For hospitals located near the required minimum of 35 miles from a tertiary care center, management of critically ill patients may be a matter of stabilization and transfer. Critical access hospitals in more rural areas are often much farther from tertiary care; some of these hospitals are situated within frontier areas of the United States. This article describes the development of critical access hospitals, provision of care and services, challenges to critical care in critical access hospitals, and suggestions to address gaps in research and collaborative care.
The Argentine Precordillera: A foreland thrust belt proximal to the subducted plate

The Precordillera thrust belt of western Argentina is anomalously close, both horizontally and vertically, to the coeval subduction zone of the Nazca plate. The thin-skinned part of the belt has an unusually deep decollement that is well defined by industry seismic reflection and recent broadband experiments. New area and line-length balanced cross sections show that the central Precordillera has accrued ∼90 ± 21 km of shortening since 13 Ma; much of that shortening occurred between 12 and 9 Ma. Fault-slip data generally show shortening approximately west-northwest–east-southeast, orthogonal to the traces of the thrust and folds in the Precordillera and oblique to the mean vector of local global positioning system (GPS) data. The GPS strain rate is –63 ± 9 × 10 –9 /yr, whereas strain rate in the thrust belt, averaged over 13 m.y., is –56 ± 4 × 10 –9 /yr. Although the decollement of the Precordillera cannot cut into Paleozoic Cuyania(?) terrane basement east of the crest of the high Andes, broadband receiver function data show that significant crustal thickening must occur beneath and even east of the thrust belt. We suggest that top-to-the-west shear and thickening of the lower crust due to flat subduction explains the distribution of crustal thickening.
74 Factors associated with physical violence against children in haiti: a population-based study

Statement of purpose Physical violence against children in Haiti is prevalent; however risk and protective factors associated with violence have not been described. Our aim was to identify factors associated with childhood physical violence (CPV) in Haiti. Methods A population-based national household survey was administered to 13–24 year old Haitians in 2012 to quantify and characterise CPV. A three-stage clustered sample design was utilised, including both standard enumeration areas and internally displaced persons resulting from the 2010 earthquake. A multivariable general linear model with Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and risk ratios (aRR). Results Sixty-four percent of survey respondents experienced physical violence prior to 18 years of age. Factors associated with victimisation included lack of primary school completion (aPR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2), work as a domestic servant (aPR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2), three or more moves in the past year (aPR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.4), lifetime emotional violence (aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.6) and lifetime sexual violence (aPR 1.3 95% CI 1.2–1.4). Respondents who reported emotional and/or sexual victimisation prior to age 12 were twice as likely to be victims of physical violence later in life (emotional aRR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0; sexual aRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.2). Respondents who reported feeling close or very close to their mother reported less CPV compared to respondents who were not close or reported no relationship (aPR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.96). Conclusion Other victimisation was the most salient risk factor associated with CPV in Haiti. Significance and contributions This study is the first to describe factors associated with physical violence against children in Haiti on a national level, and can begin to inform targeted approaches to prevention for those at highest risk for victimisation.
Effect of sustained diuresis on the renal lesions of mice with Bence Jones protein-producing tumors.

Abstract BALB/c mice with tumors producing Bence Jones protein develop typical kidney lesions with tubular casts very similar to the "myeloma kidney" in man. We have studied the effects of sustained diuresis and dehydration on the kidneys of these animals. As cast formation was a function of tumor size (r = 0.60, P
BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS

This chapter discusses Gauss's mean-value theorem, which follows directly from the Cauchy integral formula. It also discusses whether the integral formula yields a harmonic function despite of the discontinuities. This leads to the theorem called Poisson's integral formula. In addition, the chapter presents three analogous examples of steady state vector fields occurring in nature: fluid flow, heat flow, and the electrostatic field; these problems are extended to include sources and vortices in the domain. The theory is developed for fluid flow, and the analogies with the other two fields. The chapter also presents Maximum Principle that states that if u(z) is harmonic and nonconstant in a simply connected domain G , then u(z) has no maximum or minimum in G.
Sustained Collective Action or Beggar My Neighbour? Europe, America and the Emerging Powers

Howorth argues that the world is undergoing a process of power transition, with some powers rising and others declining. Analysts of transatlantic relations insist that in this process the USA and the European Union (EU) should aim to act concertedly and cooperatively, wherever possible, in their relations with other consequential actors. Howorth then assesses the record to date in the relations between the transatlantic partners and China, Brazil, India and Russia and discusses the implications of the disparity between the transatlantic allies in terms of the way they are perceived by other leading actors. The USA is a comprehensible central state, but the EU is difficult to understand and to engage with. Moreover, the EU regularly finds itself competing not only against the USA for influence in the world, but also against its own member states. Howorth highlights the differences and similarities between the way the EU and the USA engage with global powers.
Approaches for restoring elbow extension in tetraplegia: muscle tendon transfer and functional neuromuscular stimulation

Tetraplegia resulting from cervical spinal cord injury typically leaves the muscles paralyzed, with the resulting loss extension function. Elbow extension is for many daily activities, important in the rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured individual. This paper compares the widely used surgical transfer of the posterior deltoid muscle, which restores voluntary control over elbow extension, to a technique based on functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) of the triceps muscles. Both methods were found to restore a modest level of elbow extension. The posterior deltoid transfer produced variable results and the resulting elbow extension moments were strongly dependent on shoulder position.