cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Ebola Viruses

EIAs for IgG and IgM antibodies directed against Ebola (EBO) viral antigens have been developed and evaluated using sera of animals and humans surviving infection with EBO viruses. The IgM capture assay detected anti-EBO (subtype Reston) antibodies in the sera of 5 of 5 experimentally infected animals at the time they succumbed to lethal infections. IgM antibodies were also detected in the serum of a human who was infected with EBO (subtype Reston) during a postmortem examination of an infected monkey. The antibody was detectable as early as day 6 after infection in experimentally infected animals and persisted for o90 days. The IgG response was less rapid; however, it persisted for u400 days in 3 animals who survived infection, and it persisted for C10 years after infection in the sera of 2 humans. Although these data are limited by the number of sera available for verification, the IgM assay seems to have great promise as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore the long-term persistence of the IgG antibodies measured by this test strongly suggests that the ELISA will be useful in field investigations of EBO virus.
A reversible defect in natural killer T cell function characterizes the progression of premalignant to malignant multiple myeloma.

We studied the function of antitumor T and natural killer T (NKT) cells from the blood and tumor bed in 23 patients with premalignant gammopathy, nonprogressive myeloma, or progressive multiple myeloma. We show that antitumor killer T cells can be detected in patients with both progressive or nonprogressive myeloma. Vα24+Vβ11+ invariant NKT cells are detectable in the blood and tumor bed of all cohorts. However, freshly isolated NKT cells from both the blood and tumor bed of patients with progressive disease, but not nonprogressive myeloma or premalignant gammopathy, have a marked deficiency of ligand-dependent interferon-γ production. This functional defect can be overcome in vitro using dendritic cells pulsed with the NKT ligand, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Fresh myeloma cells express CD1d, and can be efficiently killed by autologous NKT cells. We hypothesize that presentation of tumor derived glycolipids by myeloma cells leads to NKT dysfunction in vivo. These data demonstrate that clinical progression in patients with monoclonal gammopathies is associated with an acquired but potentially reversible defect in NKT cell function and support the possibility that these innate lymphocytes play a role in controlling the malignant growth of this incurable B cell tumor in patients.
Larval and Pupal Descriptions of the Neotropical Choreutid Genera Rhobonda Walker and Zodia Heppner (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae)

Larvae and pupae of two Neotropical choreutids, Rhobonda gaurisana Walker and Zodia scintillana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae), are described. Photographs, drawings, and scanning electron micrographs are provided for both species, and observations on larval behavior and biology are reported. The larval head in both genera is reinterpreted as being semiprognathous. The D2 setae on A9 arise from a common middorsal pinaculum in Rhobonda, Zodia, and other choreutid genera. Previously, this character was regarded as one of the defining characters for the Tortricidae. The implications of its presence in choreutids are discussed. The variability of the arrangement of pupal dorsal spines between the Millieriinae and the other two subfamilies Brenthiinae and Choreutinae is so great that the inclusion of the Millieriinae with the Choreutidae is questioned.
Novel Human IgG2b/Murine Chimeric Antitenascin Monoclonal Antibody Construct Radiolabeled with 131I and Administered into the Surgically Created Resection Cavity of Patients with Malignant Glioma: Phase I Trial Results

Results from animal experiments have shown that human IgG2/mouse chimeric antitenascin 81C6 (ch81C6) monoclonal antibody exhibited higher tumor accumulation and enhanced stability compared with its murine parent. Our objective was to determine the effect of these differences on the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and antitumor activity of 131I-ch81C6 administered into the surgically created resection cavity (SCRC) of malignant glioma patients. Methods: In this phase I trial, eligible patients received a single injection of 131I-ch81C6 administered through a Rickham catheter into the SCRC. Patients were stratified as newly diagnosed and untreated (stratum A), newly diagnosed after external beam radiotherapy (XRT) (stratum B), and recurrent (stratum C). 131I-ch81C6 was administered either before (stratum A) or after (stratum B) conventional XRT for newly diagnosed patients. In addition, chemotherapy was prescribed for all patients after 131I-ch81C6 administration. Dose escalation was performed independently for each stratum. Patients were observed for toxicity and response until death or progressive disease. Results: We treated 47 patients with 131I-ch81C6 doses up to 4.44 GBq (120 mCi), including 35 with newly diagnosed tumors (strata A and B) and 12 with recurrent disease (stratum C). Dose-limiting hematologic toxicity defined the MTD to be 2.96 GBq (80 mCi) for all patients, regardless of treatment strata. Neurologic dose-limiting toxicity developed in 3 patients; however, none required further surgery to debulk radiation necrosis. Median survival was 88.6 wk and 65.0 wk for newly diagnosed and recurrent patients, respectively. Conclusion: The MTD of 131I-ch81C6 is 2.96 GBq (80 mCi) because of dose-limiting hematologic toxicity. Although encouraging survival was observed, 131I-ch81C6 was associated with greater hematologic toxicity, probably due to the enhanced stability of the IgG2 construct, than previously observed with 131I-murine 81C6.
Subcooled Water Flow Boiling Experiments Under Uniform High Heat Flux Conditions

This work involves steady-state high heat flux removal in fusion reactor beam dumps, first walls in compact fusion reactors, and other applications with smooth surfaces and/or irregular coolant channel cross sections. In such applications, the coolant pressure is required to be low (/approx/ 1.0 MPa), and the coolant channels are moderately long (length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) /approx/ 100). The present experiments have resulted in high heat flux data in a region where only sparse data existed. Subcooled flow boiling measurements were performed for the critical heat flux (CHF), local (axial) variations of the coolant channel's heat transfer coefficients, and pressure drop for horizontal, uniformly heated tubes. The tubes had inside diameters of 0.3 cm, a heated L/D ratio of 96.6, and were made of amzirc (zirconium-copper). The coolant was degassed, deionized water. The exit pressure and the inlet water temperature were held approximately constant at 0.77 MPa and 20/sup 0/C, respectively. From experiment to experiment, the inlet temperature varied slightly (+- 1.5/sup 0/C) from 20/sup 0/C. The actual measured inlet temperature was used in reducing the experimental data. Measurements of the above quantities were performed for the mass velocity and exit subcooling, varying from 4.6 to 40.6 Mg/m/sup 2/ . smore » and 30 to 74/sup 0/C, respectively. For these ranges, (a) the subcooled flow boiling CHF varied from 625 to 4158 W/cm/sup 2/, (b) the heat transfer coefficients during fully developed nucleate boiling varied from 30 to 400 kW/m/sup 2/ . K (Nusselt number = 150 to 1700), and (c) the overall pressure drop varied from -- 1.75 to 0.9 times the adiabatic pressure drop. For the flow conditions and geometry parameters given above, least-squares equations for the CHF were developed in terms of both the liquid Reynolds number and the exit subcooling. The average percent deviation of the developed equations from the data was <12.5%.« less
Female Mathematicians, Where are You?

(1973). Female Mathematicians, Where are You? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 310-313.
ON ORDERLY DOMAINS OF PARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH CYTOMEMBRANES DURING SPERMATOGENESIS IN HELIX ASPERSA.

In an electron microscopic study of the maturation of the spermatid of the snail Helix aspersa, it was found that: 1. there is persistence and utilization of the mitochondrial architecture in the formation of the middle piece, and 2. particles originate in orderly domains within the pseudomatrix of the mitochondria. Other orderly domains of cytomembranes (Golgi system and peripheral tubules of Grasse) are discussed.
Streamflow response to increasing precipitation extremes altered by forest management

Increases in extreme precipitation events of floods and droughts are expected to occur worldwide. The increase in extreme events will result in changes in streamflow that are expected to affect water availability for human consumption and aquatic ecosystem function. We present an analysis that may greatly improve current streamflow models by quantifying the impact of the interaction between forest management and precipitation. We use daily long-term data from paired watersheds that have undergone forest harvest or species conversion. We find that interactive effects of climate change, represented by changes in observed precipitation trends, and forest management regime, significantly alter expected streamflow most often during extreme events, ranging from a decrease of 59% to an increase of 40% in streamflow, depending upon management. Our results suggest that vegetation might be managed to compensate for hydrologic responses due to climate change to help mitigate effects of extreme changes in precipitation.
Study on WB36 Steel Electrode Localization

The authors have developed extra-low alkaline hydrogen electrode matching WB36 steel,and compared with 2 kinds of imported electrode.The compared results indicate that the developed electrode is priory or equal to the imported ones in process performance,mechanical properties,expanded hydrogen contents and other aspects.The process evaluation and practice also indicate that the developed electrode is suitable for WB36 steel welding,meets engineering requirements,and can substitute imported products.
Analysis of surveillance results of iodized salt in Lianyungang City from 2008-2013

[Objective]To understand the iodine concentration of the edible salt from households in Lianyungang City,so as to take preventive measures,and provide reference for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders( IDD).[Methods]Analysis was made on the iodine salt surveillance of households from 2008-2013.[Results]A total of 12 247 salt samples were collected for monitoring from2008-2013,11 640 were qualified,325 were unqualified,282 were non-iodized salt. The coverage rate of iodized salt was96. 87%,the rate of qualified iodized salt was 95. 04%,the non-iodized salt rate was 2. 30%.[Conclusion]The coverage rate of consuming iodized salt and the rate of consuming qualified iodized salt in 2008-2013 in Lianyungang City were consistent with the standard requirement of eliminating IDD. However,it is necessary to strengthen propaganda and education of people consuming iodized salt,which can consolidate the success in eliminating IDD.
Internal Urethrotomy Without a Catheter: Use of a Urethral Stent

AbstractA method is presented that permits prolonged urethral stenting following an internal urethrotomy without the need of an indwelling Foley catheter. During this technique a 22F silicone catheter is inserted into the distended bladder, the balloon is left deflated and the catheter is advanced until the drainage hole is beyond the sphincter and no fluid drains through the catheter. At this point the catheter is cut flush with and sutured to the urethral meatus using 2 nylon sutures. The patient then is continent, able to void through the catheter lumen and has the advantage of a urethral stent without requiring catheter drainage. Of 21 patients 19 had good to excellent results 1 to 4 years after internal urethrotomy. Patient acceptance uniformly has been excellent and enthusiastic.
Automatic Prosodic Labeling with Conditional Random Fields and Rich Acoustic Features

Many acoustic approaches to prosodic labeling in English have employed only local classifiers, although text-based classification has employed some sequential models. In this paper we employ linear chain and factorial conditional random fields (CRFs) in conjunction with rich, contextually-based prosodic features, to exploit sequential dependencies and to facilitate integration with lexical features. Integration of lexical and prosodic features improves pitch accent prediction over either feature set alone, and for lower accuracy feature sets, factorial CRF models can improve over linear chain based prediction of pitch accent.
Ring Fixators for Reconstruction of Traumatic Disorders of the Foot and Ankle

External fixation methods have an accepted place in orthopedic management of problems involving the foot and ankle. Traditionally, reconstruction and correction of deformity have been managed with extensive soft tissue release, osteotomies, and arthrodeses. Methods of external fixation have evolved dramatically over the past decade with the introduction of the techniques of Ilizarov to the Western World. This article covers ankle arthrodesis, burn scar contracture, distal tibial deformity, and fractures.
Spatial spectral estimation using a coprime sensor array with the min processor

A coprime sensor array (CSA) estimates the spatial power spectral density (PSD) of the observed signal by multiplying one conventionally beamformed subarray scanned response with the complex conjugate of the other. This product processor removes the CSA subarray spatial aliasing ambiguities, but has a peak sidelobe higher than the peak sidelobe of a fully populated uniform linear array (ULA). Moreover, the resulting PSD estimate is not necessarily positive semi-definite. This paper proposes choosing the minimum of the two CSA subarray scanned responses at each bearing to resolve the spatial aliasing ambiguities. The min processor achieves lower peak sidelobe height and total sidelobe area than the product processor and preserves the positive semi-definite property of the PSD. This paper presents closed form expressions for the first two moments of the CSA min PSD estimator. Simulation results show the min processor achieves a lower PSD estimate variance than the product processor while maintaining the same array resolution.
The Fleas (Siphonaptera) of West Virginia

ABSTRACT Thirty-five species of fleas are documented from the state of West Virginia including new state records for the ischnopsyllid, Nycteridopsylla chapini Jordan, 1929, and the ctenophthalmid, Corrodopsylla curvata (Rothschild, 1915). Host and distribution records are presented by county, with many new records, including 88 new county records amassed since 1980. The most widely distributed fleas were Orchopeas leucopus (Baker, 1904) and Peromyscopsylla hesperomys hesperomys (Baker, 1904), both from mice of the genus Peromyscus. Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes (Baker, 1904) was abundant on shrews, voles, and mice. The squirrel flea, Orchopeas howardi (Baker, 1895), found in 12 counties from west to east in the state is probably present throughout the state. This species has been implicated in the maintenance and spread of sporadic epidemic typhus. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche, 1835), a parasite primarily of domestic cats and dogs, was not well represented in our collections, but is widespre...
Noncardiac Chest Pain (Including Chest Wall Pain)

Chest pain is a common complaint seen by emergency physicians, and most concerning are cardiac etiologies of the pain. However, noncardiac pain is extremely prevalent and at times just as concerning if the entity is missed. This chapter guides the physician through the differential diagnosis of these causes, as well as the treatment and management of the less emergent causes of this condition.
THE COMPARASION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GIVING TASK ON PROBLEM OF COOPERATIVE SETTING OF STAD TYPE AND COOPERATIVE SETTING OF NHT TYPE IN TRIGONOMETRY TO CLASS X STUDENT AT MA DDI ALLIRITENGAE IN MAROS

The problems of the research were: (1) whether the implementation of giving task on problem of cooperative setting of STAD type was effective to implement in trigonometry to class X student at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District,(2) whether the implementation of giving task on problem of cooperative setting of NHT type was effective to implement in trigonometry to class X student at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District,(3) whether the implementation of giving task problem of cooperative setting of NHT type was effective to implement than cooperative setting of STAD type in trigonometry to class X student at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District. The popualations of the research were all the student in class X at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District and the samples were class X1 as the exsperiment class I and class X2 as the exsperiment class II, chosen by using random sampling. The data which was collected consisted of learning result, students’ activity, and students’ response toward learning. The data was analyzed by using inferential and descriptive analysis. The results of the research showed that: (1) descriptively, the students’ learning results in mathematics in exsperiment class I was in high category, the average gain was normalized in medium category, the students’ activity was in good category and the students’ response toward the learning was positive. Inferentially the students’ learning result in mathematics was more than 74.9, the average gain was normalized more than 0.29. Generally, it could be concluded that giving task on problem of cooperative setting of STAD type was effective to be implemented in class at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District, (2) descriptively, the students’ learning results in mathematics in exsperiment class II was in high category, the average gain was normalized in high category, the students’ activity was in very good category and the students’ response toward the learning was very positive. Inferentially the students’ learning result in mathematics was more than 74.9, the average gain was normalized more than 0.29. Generally, it could be concluded that giving task on problem of cooperative setting of NHT type was effective to be implemented in class at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District, (3) the result of hypothesis test in significant level α = 0.05, with t-test showed that giving task on problem of cooperative setting of NHT type was more effective than giving task on problem of cooperative setting of NHT type in class X at MA DDI Alliritengae in Maros District
Personalized medicine in CF: from modulator development to therapy for cystic fibrosis patients with rare CFTR mutations

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease affecting ~1 in 3,500 of the Caucasian population. CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (C...
Gelatin-Based Hemostatic Agents: Histopathologic Differences.

Purpose To delineate the histopathologic appearance of gelatin-based hemostatic agents, Surgiflo, Gelfoam, and Floseal, which are used by ophthalmic plastic surgeons, and which may incidentally be found as foreign materials in histopathologic tissue samples. Methods Histopathologic analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome, and elastin staining on tissue samples in which gelatin-based agents were found. To better characterize these materials, similar analyses were performed on in vitro samples of commonly used gelatin-based hemostatic agents. Results Surgiflo and Gelfoam are composed of small stellate pieces of gelatin with a smooth, homogeneous quality. In tissues, they are faintly positive with periodic acid-Schiff staining, amphophilic with Masson trichrome staining, and ink-black with elastin staining. Floseal has a distinctly different morphology of large rectangular sheets, yet almost identical in vitro staining properties. Discussion While the morphology of the gelatin-based hemostatic agents is consistent under various conditions, the staining properties of these materials differ based on whether they have been in contact with human tissue. Conclusions Gelatin-derived hemostatic agents are best identified based on their morphologic characteristics. Elastin staining highlights these materials prominently within tissue samples and may be helpful in distinguishing them from other foreign materials.
Effective Remediation of Groundwater Fluoride with Inexpensively Processed Indian Bauxite

India represents one-third of the world's fluorosis burden and is the fifth global producer of bauxite ore, which has previously been identified as a potential resource for remediating fluoride-contaminated groundwater in impoverished communities. Here, we use thermal activation and/or groundwater acidification to enhance fluoride adsorption by Indian bauxite obtained from Visakhapatnam, an area proximate to endemic fluorosis regions. We compare combinatorial water treatment and bauxite-processing scenarios through batch adsorption experiments, material characterization, and detailed cost analyses. Heating Indian bauxite above 300 °C increases available surface area by > 15× (to ∼170 m2/g) through gibbsite dehydroxylation and reduces the bauxite dose for remediating 10 ppm F- to 1.5 ppm F- by ∼93% (to 21 g/L). Additionally, lowering groundwater pH to 6.0 with HCl or CO2 further reduces the average required bauxite doses by 43-73% for ores heated at 300 °C (∼12 g/L) and 100 °C (∼77 g/L). Product water in most examined treatment scenarios complies with EPA standards for drinking water (e.g., As, Cd, Pb, etc.) but potential leaching of Al, Mn, and Cr is of concern in some scenarios. Among the defluoridation options explored here, bauxite heated at 300 °C in acidified groundwater has the lowest direct costs ($6.86 per person per year) and material-intensity.
Project reach: Piloting a risk-tailored smoking cessation intervention for lung screening.

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention for lung screening patients. Participants (N = 39) were enrolled in a single-arm pilot study of a four-session telephone-based intervention. Self-report measures were completed at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Participants were long-term smokers; 62 percent were not motivated to quit. Twenty-three percent attempted quitting, 29 percent decreased their smoking, and 11 percent reported abstinence. Confidence increased (p < .001) and there were trends toward increased importance (p = .09) and comparative disease risk (p = .02). This intervention was acceptable and associated with improvements in smoking-related beliefs and behaviors.
Integrated Systems Approach Reveals Sphingolipid Metabolism Pathway Dysregulation in Association with Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and age are significantly correlated such that one-third of Americans beyond 85 years of age are afflicted. We have designed and implemented a pilot study that combines systems biology approaches with traditional next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis techniques to identify relevant regulatory pathways, infer functional relationships and confirm the dysregulation of these biological pathways in LOAD. Our study design is a most comprehensive systems approach combining co-expression network modeling derived from RNA-seq data, rigorous quality control (QC) standards, functional ontology, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from whole exome (WES) single nucleotide variant (SNV) genotype data. Our initial results reveal several statistically significant, biologically relevant genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism. To validate these findings, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The GSEA revealed the sphingolipid metabolism pathway and regulation of autophagy in association with LOAD cases. In the execution of this study, we have successfully tested an integrative approach to identify both novel and known LOAD drivers in order to develop a broader and more detailed picture of the highly complex transcriptional and regulatory landscape of age-related dementia.
Competing priorities that rival health in adults on probation in Rhode Island: Substance use recovery, employment, housing, and food intake

Individuals on probation experience economic disadvantage because their criminal records often prohibit gainful employment, which compromises their ability to access the basic components of wellbeing. Unemployment and underemployment have been studied as distinct phenomenon but no research has examined multiple determinants of health in aggregate or explored how these individuals prioritize each of these factors. This study identified and ranked competing priorities in adults on probation and qualitatively explored how these priorities impact health. We conducted in-depth interviews in 2016 with 22 adults on probation in Rhode Island to determine priority rankings of basic needs. We used Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the literature to guide the priorities we pre-selected for probationers to rank. Within a thematic analysis framework, we used a modified ranking approach to identify the priorities chosen by participants and explored themes related to the top four ranked priorities. We found that probationers ranked substance use recovery, employment, housing, and food intake as the top four priorities. Probationers in recovery reported sobriety as the most important issue, a necessary basis to be able to address other aspects of life. Participants also articulated the interrelatedness of difficulties in securing employment, food, and housing; these represent stressors for themselves and their families, which negatively impact health. Participants ranked healthcare last and many reported underinsurance as an issue to accessing care. Adults on probation are often faced with limited economic potential and support systems that consistently place them in high-risk environments with increased risk for recidivism. These findings emphasize the need for policies that address the barriers to securing gainful employment and safe housing. Interventions that reflect probationer priorities are necessary to begin to mitigate the health disparities in this population.
Vitamin D in Male and Female Reproduction

Vitamin D has traditionally been known for its role in calcium metabolism and bone formation. However, recent literature has suggested a broader scope of function for this steroid hormone. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased prevalence in a variety of disorders. In this review, we focus on the potential role of vitamin D in both male and female reproductive function. Evaluation of expression patterns of vitamin D-binding protein (VDR) suggests a role for vitamin D action in both peripheral and central organs of reproduction. Co-localization of VDR with its metabolizing enzymes in these tissues suggests local modulation to effect organ-specific actions of this hormone. In vitro and in vivo studies in animal models have suggested a pathophysiological basis for VDR-mediated alteration of gene expression patterns. Human studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to abnormalities in reproduction such as hypogonadism, infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and leiomyoma. However, clinical trials looking at replacement of vitamin D in ameliorating these conditions have shown variable results. The effects of vitamin D on male and female reproduction may be direct actions or may act indirectly via alterations of intermediate pathways such as calcium homeostasis, estrogen signaling, metabolic dysregulation, or immune modulation.
In vitro activity characterization of the tomato SnRK1 complex proteins

Plant Sucrose non-Fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase1 (SnRK1) complexes are members of the Snf1/AMPK/SnRK protein kinase family and play important roles in many aspects of metabolism. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl), only one α-subunit of the SnRK1 complex, SlSnRK1.1, has been characterized to date. In this study, the phylogenetic placement and in vitro kinase activity of a second tomato SnRK1 α-subunit, SlSnRK1.2, were characterized. Interestingly, in the phylogenetic analysis of SnRK1 sequences from monocots and dicots SlSnRK1.2 clusters only with other Solanaceae SnRK1.2 sequences, suggesting possible functional divergence of these kinases from other SnRK1 kinases. For analysis of kinase activity, SlSnRK1.2 was able to autophosphorylate, phosphorylate the complex β-subunits, and phosphorylate the SnRK1 AMARA peptide substrate, all with drastically lower overall kinase activity compared to SlSnRK1.1. Activation by the upstream kinase SlSnAK was able to increase the kinase activity of both SlSnRK1.1 and SlSnRK1.2, although the increase is less dramatic for SlSnRK1.2. The highest kinase activity on the AMARA peptide for SlSnRK1.2 was seen when reconstituting the complex in vitro with SlSip1 as the β-subunit. In comparison, SlSnRK1.1 showed the lowest kinase activity on the AMARA peptide when SlSip1 was used. These studies suggest the SlSnRK1.2 phylogenetic divergence and lower SlSnRK1.2 kinase activity compared to SlSnRK1.1 may be indicative of different in vivo roles for each kinase.
EVEREST II Basic Functional Case Study

This is a case example of a patient with functional mitral regurgitation in Class III heart failure treated successfully with the MitraClip. This patient had significant surgical risk, and this case illustrates the step-by-step approach to such patients.
Progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: Results of a simulation model.

Abstract Objectives To gain insight into the natural history and carcinogenesis pathway of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) lesions by building a calibrated simulation model of PanIN progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Methods We revised a previously validated simulation model of solid PDAC, calibrating the model to fit data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and published literature on PanIN prevalence by age. We estimated the likelihood of progression from PanIN states (1, 2, and 3) to PDAC and the time between PanIN onset and PDAC (dwell time). We evaluated a hypothetical intervention to test for and treat PanIN 3 lesions to estimate the potential benefits from PanIN detection. Results We estimated the lifetime probability of progressing from PanIN 1 to PDAC to be 1.5% (men), 1.3% (women). Progression from PanIN 1 to PDAC took 33.6 years and 35.3 years, respectively, and from PanIN 3 to PDAC took 11.3 years and 12.3 years. A hypothetical test for PanIN 3 detection and treatment could provide a maximum, average life expectancy gain of 40 days. Conclusions Our modeling analysis estimates PanINs have a relatively indolent course to PDAC, supporting the feasibility of potential future early detection strategies.
Microwave Refractive-Index Distributions Associated with the Central United States Cold Outbreak 1

Microwave refractive-index distributions in the lower atmosphere through the various stages of development of the winter cold outbreak in the central United States are presented by means of “composite” surface and 850-mb analyses, along with vertical atmospheric cross-sections. The resulting patterns constitute a partial and preliminary synoptic climatology of the subject phenomenon.
Rapid evolution by spontaneous mutation increases genetic diversity facilitating plant population survival

Using a mechanistic eco-evolutionary trait-based neighborhood-model, we quantify the impact of mutations on spatial interactions to better understand the potential effect of niche evolution through mutations on the population dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana. We use 100 twenty-fifth generation mutation accumulation (MA) lines (genotypes) derived from one founder genotype to study mutational effects on neighbor responses in a field experiment. We created individual-based maps (15,000 individuals), including phenotypic variation, to quantify mutational effects within genotypes versus between genotypes on reproduction and survival. At small-scale, survival is enhanced but reproduction is decreased when a genotype is surrounded by different genotypes. At large-scale, seed set is facilitated by different genotypes while the same genotype has either no effect or negative effects. Mutations may provide a mechanism for plants to quickly evolve niches and may drive competition, facilitation and selection with profound consequences for future population and community dynamics.
Visual documentation of transfer processes in horizontal-tube falling-film ammonia–water absorbers

Abstract Flow patterns in a horizontal-tube falling-film absorber operated as part of a complete ammonia–water absorption system are presented. A tube bank consisting of four columns of six 9.5 mm nominal outer diameter, 0.292 m long tubes was installed in an absorber shell that allowed heat and mass transfer measurements and optical access for flow visualization. High-speed, high-resolution videos were recorded over a wide range of operating conditions (desorber solution outlet concentrations of 15–40% at absorber pressures of 150, 345 and 500 kPa, over solution flow rates of 0.019–0.034 kg s−1). Image analyses indicated that the droplet mode was the dominant inter-tube flow mode for the range of the experiments. Droplet characteristics and flow regime transitions are strongly influenced by the solution flow rate. Variation in the solution concentration and the operating pressure also affect the flow characteristics such as film thickness, residence time and droplet spacing.
EFFECT OF LINOLEIC ACID HYDROPEROXIDE ON HIGH AND LOW SPIN IRON IN MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME P-450

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effect of linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAHP) on high- and low-spin iron in microsomal cytochrome P-450. LAHP, a product of microsomal lipid peroxidation, is known to decompose the heme moiety of cytochrome P-450 (P-450). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used extensively to study the high- and low-spin states of ferric P-450. In a study described in the chapter, EPR was used to determine if differences in the destruction of ferric P-450 by LAHP were related to the spin state of P-450. The results showed that the destruction of P-450 with increasing amounts of LAHP followed a concentration dependence. The exact results were not reproducible from animal to animal but were qualitatively similar. The chapter presents a typical set of results. The results indicate that the LAHP destruction of P-450 is not strongly dependent on spin state. This agrees with recent results obtained by optical methods at room temperature.
Quantitative live cell imaging reveals influenza virus manipulation of Rab11A transport through reduced dynein association.

Assembly of infectious influenza A viruses (IAV) is a complex process involving transport from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. Rab11A-containing recycling endosomes have been identified as a platform for intracellular transport of viral RNA (vRNA). Here, using high spatiotemporal resolution light-sheet microscopy (~1.4 volumes/second, 330 nm isotropic resolution), we quantify Rab11A and vRNA movement in live cells during IAV infection and report that IAV infection decreases speed and increases arrest of Rab11A. Unexpectedly, infection with respiratory syncytial virus alters Rab11A motion in a manner opposite to IAV, suggesting that Rab11A is a common host component that is differentially manipulated by respiratory RNA viruses. Using two-color imaging we demonstrate co-transport of Rab11A and IAV vRNA in infected cells and provide direct evidence that vRNA-associated Rab11A have altered transport. The mechanism of altered Rab11A movement is likely related to a decrease in dynein motors bound to Rab11A vesicles during IAV infection. Here, using high spatiotemporal resolution light-sheet and fluorescence microscopy, the authors investigate the role of cytoskeletal components on the intracellular transport of Rab11A and influenza virus (IAV) vRNP), and show a preference for Rab11A movement along microtubules that is not essential for IAV vRNP transport.
Abstract P147: Genome Wide Assessment of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases Using the UK Biobank Data

Background: Patients with RA have a 2-10 folds increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and CVD accounts for almost 50% of the excess mortality in patients with RA when compared with general...
Billing and reimbursement

Abstract Many genetic service providers have reported that they are unfamiliar with the complexities of billing and reimbursement. This chapter presents the “nuts and bolts” of documentation, coding, and billing for clinical genetic services and laboratory genetic services. It includes attention to requirements from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Coverage policy and dealing with denials are also covered in the chapter.
Organic livestock husbandry methods and the microbiological safety of ruminant production systems

Publisher Summary Conventional livestock production systems can be very diverse and this diversity is influenced by the economic, geographic, environmental, and cultural factors. Conventional inputs for direct use in ruminant production include many types of plant feeds, industrial by-products, feed additives, drugs, and a variety of cleaning and sanitizing compounds. Conventional management practices range from traditional grazing systems to intensive feedlot operations. Organic livestock regulations differ from conventional ones because the use of antibiotics, hormones, and growth promoters is not allowed. Also, most organic guidelines require the access to pasture or free range for animals. While there is still some disagreement about details among different national standards, organic livestock production in most countries is based on very similar principles. Organic systems are largely driven by a holistic philosophy, but the sole objective of some low input farms is an economic benefit for the producer. There is need to conduct highly controlled farm experiments in which extensive analysis would identify the underlying mechanisms behind the effect of specific practices. In particular, current organic practices and their implications for pathogen prevalence need to be evaluated.
SACRED connections: a university-tribal clinical research partnership for school-based screening and brief intervention for substance use problems among Native American Youth

Native American (NA) youth report higher rates of alcohol, marijuana, and drug use than U.S. adolescents from any other racial/ethnic group. Addressing this health disparity is a significant resear...
How Are Differing Personal Realities Shared

This chapter looks at the ways that individual conceptions of reality can become shared cultural elements. Instead of relying on shared categories, people often communicate across differences by using empathy, giving anthropologists a new perspective on processes of cultural change. Ben and his family believe that, over the years, he was attacked by several ghosts. The behavior of these ghosts has strayed from how most Thais expect them to behave. This is not a problem when it comes to understanding Ben’s ghost stories, however; instead of trying to fit Ben’s idiosyncratic stories into preexisting models about ghosts, his friends and family ask themselves, “Is this something that could happen to a person?” That is, they engage in empathic perspective taking to solve the problems his stories present, experimentally putting themselves in his shoes and thinking about Ben’s nature as a human being, rather than referring to preexisting cultural categories.
Globalists: the end of empire and the birth of neoliberalism

In August 1938, a group of American and European men who identified broadly as liberal met over four days in Paris to discuss ways to renovate liberalism. The men called their meeting the Walter Li...
More than hurt feelings: The wear and tear of day-to-day discrimination in adults with chronic pain.

Objective To examine the extent to which self-reported experiences of discrimination are associated with pain interference among men and women with chronic non-cancer pain. Methods Data are from the Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher Cohort. The analytic sample consisted of 207 adults with chronic pain (54.2 ± 12.8 years; 53.6% female) who completed the Major Experiences of Discrimination and Everyday Discrimination scales. Regression analyses examined cross-sectional relations between discrimination and pain interference. Results On average, the level of pain interference was moderate in the sample (M = 3.46, SD = 2.66; observed range 0 - 10). Approximately a third of respondents reported at least one major discriminatory event in their lifetime, while 22% reported 3 or more discriminatory lifetime events. Everyday discrimination scores averaged 14.19 ± 5.46 (observed range 0 - 33). Adjusting for sociodemographics, physical health, cognitive and psychological factors, social isolation, and loneliness, everyday discrimination was associated with increased pain interference (B = .099; 95% confidence interval [CI], .02 to .17). Conclusion These findings add weight to the importance of day-to-day experiences of interpersonal discrimination by documenting independent associations with functional interference in adults with chronic pain.
On Alfred Corn

From the pubUcation of his first volume of poetry in 1976, Alfred Corn has striven for mastery of both the long poem and short lyric while evincing intelUgence, sophistication, and technical competence. His efforts have yielded mixed results: the ambitious and brilliant "A CaU in the Midst of the Crowd," the uneven but groundbreaking "1992," the overly self-conscious "Notes from a ChUd of Paradise," a handful of perfect lyrics, and a host of forgettable ones. But each new coUection delineates Corn's trajectory as a poet, a pro gression marked in particular by his efforts at the long poem and poetic se quence. In Present, Corn's seventh volume, he has purged his work of most of the weaknesses that inflicted otherwise healthy poems in his earUer books. The painful syntactical contortions, the heavy-handed aUusions, the overt refer ences to his eUte education, and the relentless focus on the minutiae of his Ufe have worked against him in the past. However, in this volume, Corn seems determined to write himself out of his shortcomings, resulting in his most accomplished collection to date. When Corn demonstrates his Uterary and historical knowledge instead of talking about it, he resembles Lowell (albeit a calm cousin of Lowell). Fortunately, Corn's overt references to his education, which attained their most irritating form in the summer school reading lists and mention of his "A" grades in "Notes from a Child of Paradise," by now have dwindled to passing remarks. In Present, he enriches our own under standing of history, music, literature, and art. Corn's poetry makes for pleasurable reading in part because it is unpredict able?a refreshing quaUty in a literary environment where most poets learn and perfect one type of poem and then fill book upon book with its clones. Although Corn is not as unpredictable as poets such as Merrill, Present reveals an attempt to grow into new forms and subjects. His long preoccupation with literature, music, visual art, history, and travel estabUshes the pulse of this volume, as with others, but he also includes a nine-page essay, a poetic fugue,
Access to pictorial material: A review of current research and future prospects

Rapid expansion in the digitization of image and image collections has vastly increased the numbers of images available to scholars and researchers through electronic means. This research review will familiarize the reader with current research applicable to the development of image retrieval systems and provides additional material for exploring the topic further, both in print and online. The discussion will cover several broad areas, among them classification and indexing systems used for describing image collections and research initiatives into image access focusing on image attributes, users, queries, tasks, and cognitive aspects of searching. Prospects for the future of image access, including an outline of future research initiatives, are discussed. Further research in each of these areas will provide basic data which will inform and enrich image access system design and will hopefully provide a richer, more flexible, and satisfactory environment for searching for and discovering images. Harnessing the true power of the digital image environment will only be possible when image retrieval systems are coherently designed from principles derived from the fullest range of applicable disciplines, rather than from isolated or fragmented perspectives.
The Multiracial Epiphany of Loving

The year 1967 becomes the temporal landmark for the beginning of an interracial nation. That year, the United States Supreme Court ruled state antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional in Loving v Virginia. In addition to outlawing interracial marriage, these restrictive laws had created a presumption of illegitimacy for historical claims of racial intermixture. Not all states had antimiscegenation laws, but the sting of restriction extended to other states to forge a collective forgetting of mixed race. Defenders of racial purity could depend on these laws to render interracial relationships illegitimate. Looking back to Loving as the official birth of Multiracial America reinforces the prevailing memory of racial separatism while further underscoring the illegitimacy of miscegenations past. By establishing racial freedom in marriage, Loving also sets a misleading context for the history of mixed race in America. Even though Loving instigates the open acceptance of interracialism, it unintentionally creates a collective memory that mixed race people and relationships did not exist before 1967. To imagine and realize a pre-1967 miscegenated America directly challenges the legal legitimacy of the racial reality that antimiscegenation law attempted to enforce. I approach this subject by examining contemporary claims of mixed race that are rooted in the past. This conflict usually entails opposing narratives: one venerating the involvement of a prominent historical figure as party to an interracial relationship; the other steadfastly holds that such claims are unfounded as specious. Placing miscegenation upon narratives and figures that are faintly characterized and understood as racially white turns private claims of mixed identity into public contemplations of interracial intimacy. To imagine historic figures as "Founding Fathers" of another sort destabilizes an implicit understanding of ingrained racial limitations.
Colloquium: Photons and electrons as emergent phenomena

Recent advances in condensed-matter theory have revealed that new and exotic phases of matter can exist in spin models (or more precisely, local bosonic models) via a simple physical mechanism, known as ``string-net condensation.'' These new phases of matter have the unusual property that their collective excitations are gauge bosons and fermions. In some cases, the collective excitations can behave just like the photons, electrons, gluons, and quarks in our vacuum. This suggests that photons, electrons, and other elementary particles may have a unified origin---string-net condensation in our vacuum. In addition, the string-net picture indicates how to make artificial photons, artificial electrons, and artificial quarks and gluons in condensed-matter systems.
Motor and myoelectric activity associated with vomiting, regurgitation, and nausea

The sections in this article are: 1 Digestive Tract Motor and Myoelectric Activity Associated With Vomiting 1.1 Motor Events 1.2 Myoelectric Events 1.3 Independence From Retching and Vomitus Expulsion 1.4 Functions of Retrograde Giant Contraction 1.5 Neural Control 1.6 Neuropharmacology 2 Digestive Tract Motor Activity Associated With Regurgitation 3 Nausea and Prodromal Signs of Vomiting 3.1 Nausea 3.2 Prodromal Signs of Vomiting 4 Conclusions