cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clozapine-Induced Peripheral and Pleural Fluid Eosinophilia

Objective To present a case of clozapine-induced peripheral and pleural fluid eosinophilia (PFE). Case summary A 28-year-old man who was taking clozapine for bipolar disorder presented with a 2-week history of increasing shortness of breath. A large right-sided pleural effusion was identified, and eosinophilia was noted in peripheral and pleural fluid. An extensive workup ruled out other etiologies of PFE, and an objective causality assessment revealed that an adverse reaction to clozapine was probable. Clozapine was discontinued and the patient had complete resolution of symptoms, peripheral eosinophilia, and pleural effusion. Discussion Drug-induced pleural disease is uncommon. Nearly 30 drugs have been implicated as causation of pleural disease. Much less common is PFE, with only 8 drugs implicated since 2004. Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic approved for treatment of resistant schizophrenia. It is often also used to treat bipolar disorder. Common adverse effects include tachycardia, somnolence, weight gain, and sialorrhea. Uncommon adverse reactions include pancreatitis and agranulocytosis. Through 2009, 11 cases of clozapine-induced pleural effusion, with and without polyserositis, have been reported; however, pleural fluid studies to demonstrate eosinophilia have not been done. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of clozapine-induced peripheral eosinophilia and PFE. Clinicians should consider clozapine as a possible cause of these reactions.
A prescriptive paradigm for sequencing instruction in physical education

Abstract Recent advances in the understanding of the neurological basis of motor control have made possible an explanation of motor skill acquisition in terms of the notion of programs of muscle synergies. The progressive development of an individual's capacity to control these synergies may be presented as a kind of hierarchical organization of processing levels based upon changes in the neurological location of motor control and the ability of the individual to make adjustments in the programs. This paper is an attempt to apply this information about the processing levels of motor control to the problem of the identification of a paradigm to assist practitioners in the design of sequences of motor skill learning experiences. Such a paradigm is proposed as a reformulation of Jewett's Movement Process Category System, a model originally created for use in curriculum decision-making. The proposed reformulation identifies three subphases of adaptive skill acquisition: skill construction, where a program of synergies is first automated; skill stabilization, where that program is then schematized; and skill differentiation, where that program is finally modularized. Within each of the subphases, processing levels are defined to enable the practitioner to give directions and design learning environments which will focus upon the students' gaining progressive control of the program of synergies selected for acquisition. Comments made throughout this presentation are intended to bridge the gap between motor control research and the teaching of skills, as well as encourage researchers in the motor learning/motor development areas to consider the notion of programs of muscle synergies as the fundamental explanatory unit for motor skill acquisition.
Scrotal circumference measurements in 764 beef bulls

A total of 764 breeding soundness examinations was conducted on beef bulls utilizing the method of examination and criteria for classifying bulls of the Society for Theriogenology. In addition to this examination each bull was subjected to scrotal circumference measurement and to weighing. Classification of the bulls according to breeding soundness potentials was as follows: 88% of the bulls were satisfactory potential breeders, 8% of the bulls were questionable potential breeders and 4% of the bulls were unsatisfactory potential breeders. The proportions of bulls in each classification; satisfactory, questionable, or unsatisfactory; were not different among the four breeds evaluated. The majority of bulls evaluated in this study were between 14 and 36 months of age and weighed between 900 and 1500 pounds. For the ages and weights evaluated, scrotal circumference measurement variances were not closely related to age and weight differences. There was a tendency shown for “Questionable” and “Unsatisfactory Potential Breeders” to have smaller scrotal circumference measurements. The study indicates that Angus, Charolais, Horned Hereford and Polled Hereford bulls of breeding ages and weights should have scrotal circumference measurements of at least 32 centimeters in order to be classified as “Satisfactory Potential Breeders”.
Event-Related Brain Potentials and Attention during Simultaneous Performance of Two Tasks

Srrmmary.-Subjects were required to perform simultaneously a compensatory manual tracking task and an auditory discrimination task. Four behavioral measures, root-mean-square-tracking-error, reaction-time. Sensitivity and Response Bias, and two physiological measures, peak amplitudes and peak latencies of the "negative difference" event-related brain potential, were used to assess the distribution of attention during task performance Approximately 200 msec. alter stimulus onset (peak latency M=206.6 msec.), the ney.\rlve difference porential's peak amplitude was more positive for tones irrelevant ro rhc drscrimination task and less positive for tones relevant ro the discrimination task. This pattern of change suggests that irrelevant tones receive less attention during simultaneous performance of the tasks ~han during performance of the discrimination cask alone. Moreover, the data suggcbr that the redistribution of attention while simultaneously performing the tasks d~~c-ctl~ affects processing in [he sensory areas of the auditory cortex. The "negative difference" event-related brain potential has been used extensively to study the nature of human attention (cf. Naatanen, 1990). Hdlyard, Hink, Schwent, and Picton (1973) asked subjects to attend selectively to one of two distinct tonal frequencies randomly presented at a rapid rate (2-3 per second). They found that, when the event-related potential for tones that are relevant is subtracted from the event-related potential for tones that are irrelevant, the difference wave has an early component and a late component, the peaks of which are negative (hence the term "negative difference" potential) and maximal over the fronto-central regions of the scalp. Although there has been considerable debate regarding the function of these components, the negative difference potential (Nd) has proven to be a reliable measure of attention in the auditory, visual, and somatosensory modalities (Naatanen, 1982), and it has often been used to address current issues confronting attentional theory (cf. Woods, Alho, & Algazi, 1993). Although the negative difference potential has been studied extensively, no study has involved use of Nd as a measure of attention while subjects were simultaneously performing two tasks. Therefore, the present experiment required subjects to perform simultaneously a compensatory manual track~ng task and an auditory &scrimination task designed to elicit the negative difference potential. The auditory discrimination task had both relevant
A topology-independent generic methodology for deadlock-free wormhole routing

This paper introduces a generic methodology for developing deadlock-free routing in an arbitrary network by partitioning a graph into subdigraphs without cyclic dependencies and by strategically assigning virtual channels. We illustrate our scheme by identifying subdigraph characteristics that guarantee acyclic routing for n-dimensional hypercube, n-dimensional mesh and k-ary n-cube torus. Further generalization allows partial cyclic dependencies and forms a larger class of deadlock-free routing algorithms. We apply our technique to k-ary n-cube torus network and develop several novel deadlock-free, adaptive algorithms. Because our technique decomposes networks into several subdigraphs, it simplifies and generalizes the development of both static and adaptive deadlock-free routing algorithms for arbitrary networks.
Herbivore-induced monoterpene emissions from coniferous forests: Potential impact on local tropospheric chemistry

Herbivory results in an immediate increase in the rate of monoterpene emis- sion from conifer tissues to the atmosphere. The current study uses simulated herbivory and a zero-dimensional photochemistry model with detailed treatment of monoterpene photooxidation to explore the potential impact of these herbivore-induced monoterpene emissions on local tropospheric chemistry dynamics. Measured monoterpene emission rates from undamaged current-year and year-old needles and wounded current-year needles of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir trees were used to calculate whole-canopy fluxes expected from both a ponderosa pine and a Douglas-fir forest with 0%, 10%, and 25% damage to current-year needles. Fluxes from ponderosa pine forests with 10%- and 25%-damaged foliage are potentially 2- and 3.6-fold higher, respectively, than fluxes from forests with no herbivory. Douglas-fir forests experiencing 10% and 25% foliar damage can emit 1.6 and 2.5 times higher fluxes, respectively, than forests with no damaged foliage. The model simulations suggest that the fluxes resulting from even low-level herbivore damage (10% foliar damage) are large enough to increase local tropospheric production of ozone and organic nitrates and to suppress hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. In both Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine forests, the predicted magnitude of the perturbations to each of these chemical species increases linearly with the extent of foliar damage and is critically de- pendent on local mixing ratios of nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Ozone production is most sensitive to herbivore-induced emissions at NOx concentrations between 0.3 and 7 nmol/mol. The presence of isoprene in coniferous-forest air diminishes the role herbivory plays in gen- erating local ozone production. The results suggest that defoliation events should be con- sidered to represent an important potential control over local oxidative tropospheric chem- istry and to play an important role in perturbing local ozone dynamics in many rural coniferous forests throughout the United States.
Roles of maternal vision and olfaction in suckling-mediated inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion, expression of maternal selectivity, and lactational performance of beef cows.

The roles of maternal vision and olfaction in regulating the suckling-mediated inhibition of LH secretion, expression of maternal selectivity, and lactational performance was examined in anestrous beef cows (n = 57). Pluriparous cows were allotted randomly to one of 10 groups between 17 and 21 days postcalving (Experimental Day 0). Groups 1-8 included cows that were either intact, blind, anosmic, or blind and anosmic, and were control-suckled by either their own or unrelated ("alien") calves every 6 h for 6 days. Groups 9 and 10 served as positive controls and were left intact and weaned, or were anosmic, blind, and weaned. The frequency of LH pulses (pulses/5 h) remained unchanged over the 6-day experiment in sighted and olfactory-intact groups suckling their own calves (1.2 + 0.01). In contrast, cows that were olfactory-intact or sighted and suckling alien calves, blind and anosmic and suckling their own or alien calves, or weaned exhibited prompt increases (p < 0.001) in LH pulse frequency to a maximum of 4.6 0.3 pulses/5 h within 6 days. Mean frequency was greater in these groups (p < 0.05) than in olfactory-intact or sighted groups suckling their own calves. Enforced suckling by an alien calf attenuated (p < 0.001) milk production and calf weight gain, and a greater (p < 0.05) proportion of cows presented with aliens during behavioral tests physically rejected suckling compared to those presented with their own calves. These results confirm that sucklingrelated events sustain the inhibited pattern of LH secretion in cows only if the offspring are positively identified as their own. Olfaction and vision are equally effective in permitting calf identification, but elimination of both senses prevents calf identification and the negative effects of suckling on LH secretion.
Myogenic reactivity is reduced in small renal arteries isolated from relaxin-treated rats.

Administration of the ovarian hormone relaxin to nonpregnant rats vasodilates the renal circulation comparable to pregnancy. This vasodilation is mediated by endothelin (ET), the ETB receptor, and ...
Comparison of text messaging and paper-and-pencil for ecological momentary assessment of food craving and intake.

Electronic devices such as mobile phones are quickly becoming a popular way to gather participant reports of everyday thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including food cravings and intake. Electronic devices offer a number of advantages over alternative methods such as paper-and-pencil (PNP) assessment including automated prompts, on-the-fly data transmission, and participant familiarity with and ownership of the devices. However, only a handful of studies have systematically compared compliance between electronic and PNP methods of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and none have examined eating specifically. Existing comparisons generally find greater compliance for electronic devices than PNP, but there is variability in the results across studies that may be accounted for by differences across research domains. Here, we compared the two EMA methods in an unexamined domain – eating – in terms of response rate and response latency, and their sensitivity to individual difference variables such as body mass index (BMI). Forty-four participants were randomly assigned to report on their food craving, food intake, and hunger four times each day for 2 weeks using either a PNP diary (N = 19) or text messaging (TXT; N = 25). Response rates were higher for TXT than PNP (96% vs. 70%) and latencies were faster (29 min vs. 79 min), and response rate and latency were less influenced by BMI in the TXT condition than in the PNP condition. These results support the feasibility of using text messaging for EMA in the eating domain, and more broadly highlight the ways that research domain-specific considerations (e.g., the importance of response latency in measuring short-lived food craving) interact with assessment modality during EMA.
Point-wise hierarchical reconstruction for discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods for solving conservation laws

We develop a new hierarchical reconstruction (HR) method [17,28] for limiting solutions of the discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods up to fourth order of accuracy without local characteristic decomposition for solving hyperbolic nonlinear conservation laws on triangular meshes. The new HR utilizes a set of point values when evaluating polynomials and remainders on neighboring cells, extending the technique introduced in Hu, Li and Tang [9]. The point-wise HR simplifies the implementation of the previous HR method which requires integration over neighboring cells and makes HR easier to extend to arbitrary meshes. We prove that the new point-wise HR method keeps the order of accuracy of the approximation polynomials. Numerical computations for scalar and system of nonlinear hyperbolic equations are performed on two-dimensional triangular meshes. We demonstrate that the new hierarchical reconstruction generates essentially non-oscillatory solutions for schemes up to fourth order on triangular meshes.
Vegetative Propagation of Gordonieae Trees by Stem Cuttings

The Theaceae tribe Gordonieae contains trees with desirable ornamental characteristics and adaptability to a broad range of environmental conditions. To develop an effective protocol for vegetative propagation of fi ve taxa in the tribe, terminal softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood cuttings were collected from these trees and treated with either 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, or 10000 ppm of the potassium salt of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA). The concentration of K-IBA only affected rooting percentage of hardwood cuttings of Franklinia alatamaha, Gordonia lasianthus, and Schima remotiserrata and had varying effects on root number and length of longest root amongst the taxa and cutting types. Franklinia alatamaha and G. lasianthus were rooted at high percentages (> 50%) from hardwood, semihardwood, and softwood cuttings, and S. khasiana rooted at high percentages (72%) from softwood cuttings. Despite poor rooting from all types of stem cuttings (< 23%), Schima remotiserrata and S. wallichii exhibited the highest rooting percentages from hardwood cuttings. Rooting percentage, root number, and length of longest root differed greatly in response to K-IBA concentration amongst the fi ve taxa observed and the cutting types within each taxa.
Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) films incorporated with nisin: characterization and effectiveness against Listeria innocua

Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) films incorporated with nisin were prepared with concentrations of 0, 1000, 3000, and 5000 international units per cm(2) (IU/cm(2)). All the films with nisin inhibited Listeria innocua, and generated inhibition zones with diameters ranging from 14 to 17 mm. The water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability after the addition of nisin ranged from 3.05 to 3.61 x 10(11) g m m(-2) s(-1) Pa(-1) and from 4.80 x 10(7) to 11.26 x 10(7) mL.m.m(-2).d(-1).Pa(-1), respectively. The elongation at break (epsilon(b)) was not altered by the incorporation of nisin (P > 0.05). Significant effect was found for the elastic modulus (E) and the tensile strength (sigma(s)) (P < 0.05). The glass transition and melting temperatures with the presence of nisin ranged from -36.3 to -36.6 degrees C and from 122.5 to 124.2 degrees C, respectively. The thermal transition parameters such as the crystallization and melting enthalpies and crystallization temperature were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by incorporation of nisin into films. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited decreasing levels of intensity (counts) as the concentration of nisin increased in a range of 2theta from 8 degrees to 35 degrees . Formation of holes and pores was observed from the environmental scanning electron microscopy images in the films containing nisin, suggesting interaction between PBAT and nisin.
Clinical Features of Precocious Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background Acute coronary syndrome due to acute plaque rupture has been well described and is associated with established risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. The prevalence of these risk factors in very young patients (aged ≤35 years) is not well known, and they may have other nontraditional risk factors. We hypothesized that acute coronary syndrome in very young patients may represent a thrombotic event independent of underlying atherosclerotic disease. Methods We performed a dual-institution, retrospective study of consecutive patients aged ≤35 years who presented with acute coronary syndrome and underwent coronary angiography from January 2000 to December 2011. Standard demographics, risk factors, and detailed angiographic information were obtained. Results A total of 124 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 31 ± 4 years for both sexes. Approximately half (49%) of the patients were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ); 90% of patients had at least 1 traditional risk factor, most commonly hyperlipidemia (63%) and smoking (60%); 52% of patients underwent re-vascularization, of which 94% were by percutaneous coronary intervention, and 42.9% of patients had intracoronary thrombus, of whom approximately one third had no detectable underlying coronary disease. Conclusions Very young patients with acute coronary syndrome tend to be obese, with a high prevalence of smoking and hyperlipidemia. The presence of thrombus in the absence of underlying coronary disease suggests a thromboembolic event or de novo thrombotic occlusion, which may reflect primary hemostatic dysfunction in a considerable number of these patients.
Magnetic Orientation in the Savannah Sparrow

Although magnetic compass orientation has been reported in a number of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, including about a dozen migratory bird species, magnetic orientation capabilities in animals remain somewhat controversial. We have hand-raised a large number of Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) to study the ontogeny of orientation behavior. Young birds with a variety of early experience with visual and magnetic orientation cues have been tested for magnetic orientation during their first autumn migration. Here we present data from 80 hand-raised sparrows, each tested several times in both normal and shifted magnetic fields. Birds reared indoors with no experience with visual orientation cues showed axial north-south orientation that shifted by almost exactly the magnitude of 90° clockwise and counterclockwise shifts in the direction of magnetic north. Other groups of birds with varying early experience with visual orientation cues showed different preferred orientation directions, but all groups shifted orientation direction in response to shifts in the magnetic field. The data thus demonstrate a robust magnetic orientation ability in this species.
Knowledge on the line: manipulating beliefs about the magnitudes of symbolic numbers affects the linearity of line estimation tasks.

It has been suggested that differences in performance on number-line estimation tasks are indicative of fundamental differences in people’s underlying representations of numerical magnitude. However, we were able to induce logarithmic-looking performance in adults for magnitude ranges over which they can typically perform linearly by manipulating their familiarity with the symbolic number formats that we used for the stimuli. This serves as an existence proof that individuals’ performances on number-line estimation tasks do not necessarily reflect the functional form of their underlying numerical magnitude representations. Rather, performance differences may result from symbolic difficulties (i.e., number-to-symbol mappings), independently of the underlying functional form. We demonstrated that number-line estimates that are well fit by logarithmic functions need not be produced by logarithmic functions. These findings led us to question the validity of considering logarithmic-looking performance on number-line estimation tasks as being indicative that magnitudes are being represented logarithmically, particularly when symbolic understanding is in question.
Communication Reduction for Floating Car Data-Based Traffic Information Systems

In this paper, we consider a traffic information sharing system based on Floating Car Data (FCD). FCD is one of the methods used to gather traffic information. It uses vehicles as sensor nodes that transmit their speed to the server. The server then broadcasts the updated speed data to all vehicles on the road so that vehicles can compute optimal travel routes based on current traffic data. The cost of communication and load on the server are issues on this system since many vehicles on the road can generate a significant amount of communication between the vehicles and the server. A server update policy is necessary to reduce the communication load on the server and to maintain the integrity of the data that will be broadcasted to the cars. We propose an efficient way for this client/server architecture to be implemented and present an update policy that outperforms previously studied server update policies. This is shown by way of simulation using real traffic data from Chicago highways.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled polyvinyl chloride composites: Influence of processing method on dispersion quality, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties

Abstract The influences of dispersion quality and processing conditions on the electrical and mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled polyvinyl chloride (MWCNT/PVC) composites are examined for potential use in sensor-enabled geosynthetics and other applications involving electrically-conductive polymer composites. Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the composite samples made using four different dispersion methods (i.e. probe sonication, bath sonication, mechanical stirring and batch mixing) are measured. Subsurface dispersion in the samples is quantified using laser scanning confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, indicating that MWCNT bundle volumes resulting from all dispersion methods had a log-normal distribution. Dispersion qualities using different mixing methods are compared using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov D-statistic. Findings indicate that samples with higher dispersion quality exhibit greater ultimate strength and failure strain, whereas poorly-dispersed specimens have greater elastic modulus values, which are found to be in good agreement with those predicted by the Halpin–Tsai model.
Stepwise Reduction of an α-Phosphonio-Carbocation to a Crystalline Phosphorus Radical Cation and an Acridinyl-Phosphorus Ylide.

We have synthesized the dicationic α-phosphonio-carbocation 1(2+) , which can be regarded as a two-electron oxidized phosphorus ylide. Carbocation 1(2+) exhibits two reversible reduction waves at -0.28 and -0.90 V (vs. Fc(+) /Fc) indicating that both the radical cation 1(.+) and the neural phosphorus ylide 1 can be generated. Indeed, reduction of 1(2+) with Zn afforded 1(.+) as a dark green solid that was characterized by XRD and EPR spectroscopy, and reduction with Mg(Ant)⋅(THF)3 gave 1, which was characterized by (1) H and (31) P NMR spectroscopy. Computational analyses reveal the stepwise population of a C-P π bonding orbital upon reduction of 1(2+) .
The Next Wave: Korkine and Farkas

Schroder developed several notions which are central to the study of complex dynamics. Despite his failure to rigorously establish his fixed point theorem, it is a fundamental result, and his belief that iteration of an arbitrary function ∅(z) could be reduced to the solution of the so-called Abel and Schroder functional equations was prophetic. Not only was the next phase in the development of complex dynamics ushered in by an interest in the solution of the Schroder and Abel equations, but the study and solution of functional equations is fundamental in many contemporary studies of iteration.
Review: Notes from the Archive: James Frazer Stirling, Architect and Teacher; An Architect's Legacy; James Stirling's Students at Yale, 1959–83

Notes from the Archive: James Frazer Stirling, Architect and Teacher . Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, 14 October 2010–2 January 2011; Tate Britain, London, 5 April-21 August 2011; Neue Staatsgallerie, Stuttgart, 1 October 2011–15 January 2012; Centre Canadien d'Architecture, Montreal, May-October 2012 An Architect's Legacy; James Stirling's Students at Yale, 1959–83 . Yale School of Architecture Gallery, 13 October 2010–28 January 2011 The first objects you encounter when entering the exhibition Notes from the Archive: James Frazer Stirling, Architect and Teacher are two chairs that once sat in Stirling's living room—the iconic Grand Confort chair in tubular steel and black leather, designed by Le Corbusier and Charlotte Perriand in 1929, and the solid wood English Side Chair, ca. 1802–10, from a design by Thomas Hope.1 In choosing to open the show with this pair of chairs, Anthony Vidler, the show's curator, is not concerned simply with evoking conversations that may or may not have occurred in them, or in conjuring up images of the seated, portly, figure of Stirling himself (though one can't help but picture him there—his purple socks peaking out beneath his trousers) or even in highlighting Stirling's well-known role as a collector (which, as Stirling's teacher and friend Colin Rowe once noted, had a profound influence on his architecture). Instead, the chairs succinctly symbolize the most consistent and defining preoccupation of Stirling's career—the "oscillation," to use his term, between modernity and tradition, modernism and neoclassicism, representational and abstract. This dialectic is a powerful and resonant analytical frame through which to understand what follows: a cacophony of over 300 drawings, models, photographs, and handwritten lectures notes, nearly all of which come from the James Stirling / Michael Wilford collection at the Canadian Centre for Architecture. The show is organized roughly chronologically, beginning with a large section dedicated to Stirling's student years (which contains some of the most surprising and luscious elements in the show, including the meticulously zip-toned elevations of his thesis project from 1950) and proceeds through five additional sections: "Modernism in Crisis" (largely his work of the 1950s), "New Typologies" (the "red brick" series of the 1960s), "Urban Assemblages" (the collage-influence work of the 70s and early …
A NONINVASIVE HAND-HELD DEVICE IDENTIFIES ELEVATED LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING PRESSURE USING FINGER PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY DURING THE VALSALVA MANEUVER

The high rate of re-hospitalization for heart failure might be reduced by improving noninvasive techniques for identifying elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. We showed that changes in a finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) reflect LV end-
Comprehensible Input as Sociocognitive Alignment: A Response to Cho and Krashen (2016)

A plethora of studies on how language is acquired through comprehensible inputs has generated valuable insights into language acquisition theory. Many of these studies have confirmed that humans acquire language in one way – through reading and listening. In particular, a recent study by Cho and Krashen (2016) published in this journal further confirms that the exposure to input (i.e. in the form of pleasure reading) is beneficial for attaining advanced level of language development both in a foreign and second language. While insightful, this study is highly descriptive and lacks explanatory power. In addition, it treats successful acquisition as a result of the sole contribution of mind; that is, acquisition is seen as internally driven and resides in intellectu. Thus, we need to go beyond this description. In this article, I will provide more explanation to their descriptive exposition by showing that the acquisition of both first and second language is a gradual result of “sociocognitive alignment’ (Atkinson, 2010). This is to say that multifaceted sociomaterial aspects, other than cognition, play a key role and immensely contributes to successful acquisition of language.
Dynamic Article: Tandem Robotic Technique of Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision and Rectus Abdominis Muscle Harvest for Immediate Closure of the Pelvic Floor Defect

BACKGROUND:Extralevator abdominoperineal excision for distal rectal cancers involves cylindrical excision of the mesorectum with wide division of the levator ani muscles. Although this technique has been shown to decrease local cancer recurrence and improve survival, it leaves the patient with a con
Effects of dietary ammonium chloride and variations in calcium to phosphorus ratio on silica urolithiasis in sheep.

Ammonium chloride was added to diets varying in Ca content to evaluate its potential in preventing silica urolith formation in sheep. A 2 x 2 factorial experiment involved wether lambs with ad libitum access to a diet of 50% grass hay and 50% ground oats plus supplement. The basal diet contained on a DM basis 3.3% SiO2, .31% Ca, .22% P, 11.6% CP, and 26% ADF. Treatments (38 to 39 lambs/treatment) consisted of a control (C), limestone to increase dietary calcium to .6% (L), 1% ammonium chloride (A), and L + A (LA). After a 118-d experimental period, siliceous kidney deposits were found only in C and L, with silica making up 93% to 95% of the urolithic ash. Urolith incidences were 13% (C) and 18% (L), respectively. The lack of urolith development in lambs fed A and LA (ammonium chloride effect, P less than .01) and a trend toward a lower urolith incidence in C vs L (P less than .02) support the hypothesis that acid-forming effects of the diet and a reduction in the dietary Ca to P ratio reduce silica urolith formation.
Marx: Prices and the Rate of Profit

In volume 1 of Capital Marx assumes that equilibrium prices are proportional to values (in his sense of ‘value’, according to which the value of a commodity is the labor socially necessary to produce it). Not all of the claims about estrangement and ideology surveyed in the last chapter rest on this assumption. Among those that don’t is the claim that commodity production is a system of estrangement because in it, economic agents’ ‘own social movement has for them the form of a movement of things controlling them instead of being controlled by them’ [90, pp. 167–168 (my translation); 95, part 2, 6:105]. Even the related doctrine of commodity fetishism is easily stated as the claim that the power of exchangeability that commodities possess takes on the guise of a power they have as natural objects rather than one they possess in virtue of certain specific relations of production.
The Mother of All Tropes: Visual Hyperbole and the Middle East

Chapter 1 explores the use of visual hyperbole as a potent tool for the manipulation of public discourse, and, as I envision it, suggests that it branches into three distinct areas of analysis: the first is the media capture of “authentic” events, such as, for example, the execution of photojournalist James Foley. The events are genuine, not orchestrated, but they become part of the visually hyperbolic when the media magically appropriates the images, repeating and expanding them, so that the narrative becomes part of the mythic, disproportionate domain of hyperbolic discourse. The second is concerned with the manufacture of events (like the rescue of Jessica Lynch), as orchestrated by governments, groups, or the media. And the third is the use of illustrations and caricatures (such as the Danish cartoons that caricatured Mohammed, and the sparked protest from the Islamic world), by their very nature hyperbolic, since they are exaggerations of appearance and ideology.
Micro- and nanocarriers by electrofludodynamic technologies for cell and molecular therapies

Abstract Electrofluidodynamic technologies (EFDTs) are receiving attention in the biomedical field as high-throughput technologies to encapsulate different types of molecules for cell and drug delivery. In this study, we propose an overview of the most cutting-edge approaches based on EFDTs to create, process and assemble biomaterials in the form of micro-/nanoparticles with unique and intriguing properties for different biomedical applications. After a brief description of the basic mechanisms involved in the formation of microparticles – by electrodynamic atomization (EDA) or nanoparticles – by electrodynamic spraying (EDS), we propose a critical review of the main applications of EFDTs in different biomedical fields (e.g., drug delivery, regenerative medicine and diagnostic/theranostic applications) so as to highlight the role of materials and process conditions. In this way, we discuss the potential of EFDTs to design a large set of smart microscale devices (i.e., nanoparticles, capsules, multicompartment systems, microgels, and microscaffolds) suitable to successfully face new challenges of nanomedicine (i.e., cancer targeting) and tissue regeneration (i.e., cell or molecular printing).
A Comparative Study on Inter-Device Interaction: One-Handed Interaction VS Two-Handed Interaction

Using mobile devices to collaborate with other users on a large shared screen supports collaborative tasks and prevents interference among users. Various intuitive gestures have been proposed to support interaction across a tabletop and a mobile device. Different from previous studies that focused on designing gestures, this paper investigates the fundamental difference between one-handed and two-handed interaction styles that involve a tabletop and a mobile device. In the study, we consider two factors, i.e., the selection order (sequential or random order) and the density level (sparse or dense layout), which form four tasks. The study was conducted as a pretest-posttest, repeated-measures experiment. All the participants go through all the tasks using both interaction styles. During the experiment, both the completion time and the error rate in each task with each interaction style are recorded. In addition, the IBM Post-Study Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) is used to evaluate the subjective satisfaction on each interaction style. The overall PSSUQ score indicates that both interaction styles receive positive feedback with high user satisfaction. The one-handed interaction is significantly more efficient than the two-handed interaction in all four tasks. On the other hand, the two-handed interaction has a lower error rate than the one-handed interaction, especially significantly lower in a dense layout.
Infusions of T Cells Armed with Anti-CD3 x Anti-Her2/neu Bispecific Antibody Modulate In Vivo Patient Immune Responses in Phase I Clinical Trials for Breast and Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancers.

Abstract Phase I dose escalation trials using ex vivo expanded, anti-CD3 activated T cells (ATC) armed with anti-CD3 x anti-Her2/neu (Her2Bi) to evaluate toxicity and immune responses were conducted in 8 Stage IV breast cancer (BrCa), 5 high-risk Stage II BrCa, and 3 hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients. Patients received 8 infusions (Inf) twice per week for 4 weeks totaling 40 billion (11/16 patients) or 80 billion (5/16 patients) HER2Bi-armed ATC. Phenotyping the expansion product showed 90.0±10.1% (mean±SD)CD3, 47.5±22.2 CD4, and 41.9±19.9 CD8. Specific lysis of SK-BR-3 targets by patients' armed ATC (n= 16 patients) at E:T of 10, 5, and 2.5 averaged 54.1±17, 39.5±14, and 25.9±11, respectively. These results were comparable to 63.4±17 (p = 0.23), 57.7±20 (p = 0.09), and 33.9±16 (p = 0.38) specific lysis mediated by armed ATC from 6 normal donors at the respective E:T confirming the function of Her2Bi-armed ATC at the time of Inf. By ELISA, 4/8 (50%) of the patients developed anti-mouse antibody responses (HAMA) to OKT3, which peaked (median: 35.4 ng/ml; range: 4–64 ng/ml) between Inf#5 and Inf#8 (14–27 days post-Inf #1). There were no AEs associated with elevated HAMA titers. Th1/Th2 panels were obtained from patient sera using the Bio-Plex Protein Array System and analyzed as a function of number of Infs. The in vivo T cell response, calculated as the mean Th1[IL-2+IFN-g]/Th2[IL-4+IL-5] ratio of cytokines, showed a polarized Th1 response as a function of armed ATC Inf that increased from 89.1(Inf#1) to 538.6 (Inf #8). Levels of IL-12 also increased by Inf#5 and were constant from Inf#5 through Inf#8 (mean±SD = 34.0±17.2 pg/ml). These findings were consistent with increased CTL responses observed in ELISPOTs of patient post-Inf PBMC exposed to Her2+ tumor targets. Overall immune response, calculated as the average ratio of Th1[IL-2+IFN-g] /Th2 [IL-4+IL-5+IL-10+IL-13], remained Th1 polarized throughout treatment though the ratio decreased as a function of Inf#: going from 9.46 (Inf#1) to 1.42 (Inf #8). TNF-alpha levels were contant from Inf #1–8 (mean±SD = 9.5 ± 4.9 pg/ml), and GM-CSF peaked between Inf #5–8 (92.2 ± 36.4 pg/ml). Detection of MIgG2a+ (anti-CD3 coated) cells in the PBL from 8 patients was highest post-Inf#1 (18.4% ± 16.1) and decreased by Inf #5–8 (4.1% ± 6.1). In 2 patients, MIgG2a+ armed T cells could still be detected 1 week and 3 weeks after Inf#8. All patients received their targeted doses of armed ATC: no dose-limiting toxicities were observed in any patients, and with the exception of a few patients with grade II–III chills/grade II fever, infusions of Her2Bi-armed ATC were well-tolerated. These observations provide evidence that the endogenous immune system is being modulated by the infusion of armed ATC and further support the rationale for performing phase II trials using armed ATC in Her2+ advanced/high risk BrCa and HRPC patients.
Multi-scale methods predict invasion speeds in variable landscapes

Spread rates of invasive plant species depend heavily on variable seed/seedling survivorships over various habitat types as well as on variability in seed dispersal induced by rapid transport of propagules in open areas and slow transport in vegetated areas. The ability to capture spatial variability in seed survivorship and dispersal is crucial to accurately predict the rate of spread of plants in real world landscapes. However, current analytic methods for predicting spread rates are not suited for arbitrary, spatially heterogeneous systems. Here, we analyze invasion rates of the invasive plant Phragmites australis (common reed) over variable wetland landscapes. Phragmites is one of the most pervasive perennial grasses, outcompeting native vegetation, providing poor wildlife habitat, and proving difficult to eradicate across its invasive range in North America. Phragmites spreads sexually via seeds and asexually via underground (rhizomes) and aboveground (stolons) stems. We construct a structured integrodifference equation model of the Phragmites life cycle capturing variable seed survivorship in a seed bank, sexual and asexual recruitment into a juvenile age class, and differential competition among all classes with adults. The demographic model is coupled with a homogenized ecological diffusion/settling seed dispersal model that allows for seed deposition that varies with habitat type. The dispersal kernel we develop does not require local normalization and can be implemented efficiently using standard computational techniques. The model generates a traveling wave of isolated patches, establishing only in suitable habitats. We use the method of multiple scales to predict invasion speed as a solvability condition at large scales and test the predictions numerically. Accurate predictions are generated for a wide range of landscape parameters, indicating that invasion speeds can be understood in landscapes of arbitrary structure using this approach.
Setting the Course: The Role of Special Collections in the Library

Betty Bengtson, in her presentation at this conference, says that where general collections have become more “homogenized ...., it is in our special collections that the distinctiveness of our research libraries will be maintained” (see page 92 in this issue). I have been concerned about using the term mainstream as a metaphor for library orientation. Bengtson’s image of whitewater canoeing gave focus to the source of my uneasiness: we are in real trouble, not only in special collections, but in real trouble as libraries in general if uncontrolled forces sweep us along and our role becomes one of reaction rather . . .
Peripheral and central immune cell reservoirs in tissues from asymptomatic cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats results in life-long viral persistence and progressive immunopathology. We have previously described a cohort of experimentally infected cats demonstrating a progressive decline of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell over six years in the face of apparent peripheral viral latency. More recently we reported findings from this same cohort that revealed popliteal lymph node tissue as sites for ongoing viral replication suggesting that tissue reservoirs are important in FIV immunopathogenesis during the late asymptomatic phase of infection. Results reported herein characterize important tissue reservoirs of active viral replication during the late asymptomatic phase by examining biopsied specimens of spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and intestine from FIV-infected and uninfected control cats. Peripheral blood collected coincident with harvest of tissues demonstrated severe CD4+ T-cell depletion, undetectable plasma viral gag RNA and rarely detectable peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated viral RNA (vRNA) by real-time PCR. However, vRNA was detectable in all three tissue sites from three of four FIV-infected cats despite the absence of detectable vRNA in plasma. A novel in situ hybridization assay identified B cell lymphoid follicular domains as microanatomical foci of ongoing FIV replication. Additionally, we demonstrated that CD4+ leukocyte depletion in tissues, and CD4+ and CD21+ leukocytes as important cellular reservoirs of ongoing replication. These findings revealed that tissue reservoirs support foci of ongoing viral replication, in spite of highly restricted viral replication in blood. Lentiviral eradication strategies will need address tissue viral reservoirs.
Bladder cancer in 2017: Advancing care through genomics and immune checkpoint blockade.

Landmark papers published in 2017 have advanced our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of urothelial cancer, provided insights into the genomic evolution of the disease in the context of metastasis and therapy, and established new treatment standards for patients with previously limited treatment options.
Vulnerability to decarbonization in hydrocarbon-intensive counties in the United States: A just transition to avoid post-industrial decay

Abstract Over the next several decades, the world will undergo an energy transition as it shifts away from coal and oil to less carbon intensive energy sources. This process will create economic winners and losers, but these winners and loser will not be limited to corporations and their investors. Instead, communities that have developed around coal, oil, and gas extraction and processing will be negatively impacted if this energy transition occurs. Here, we provide first-order estimates of the socioeconomic vulnerability to decarbonization among U.S. counties. There are a small number of U.S. counties that appear to be highly vulnerable to decarbonization, and this suggests that policymakers could take a spatially-targeted approach to mitigating the socioeconomic impacts, similar to the approach of the Appalachian Regional Commission. Such a targeted approach may allow for a Just Transition to a low carbon economy.
Visual grammars for visual languages

In modern user interfaces, graphics play an important role in the communication between human and computer. When a person employs text and graphic objects in communication, those objects have meaning under a system of interpretation, or "visual language." Formal visual languages are ones which have been explicitly designed to be syntactically and semantically unambiguous. The research described in this paper aims at spatially parsing expressions in formal visual languages to recover their underlying syntactic structure. Such "spatial parsing" allows a general purpose graphics editor to be used as a visual language interface, giving the user the freedom to first simply create some text and graphics, and later have the system process those objects under a particular system of interpretation. The task of spatial parsing can be simplified for the interface designer/implementer through the use of visual grammars. For each of the four formal visual languages described in this paper, there is a specifiable set of spatial arrangements of elements for well-formed visual expressions in that language. Visual Grammar Notation is a way to describe those sets of spatial arrangements; the context-free grammars expressed in this notation are not only visual, but also machine-readable, and are used directly to guide the parsing.