cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An extensible framework for providing dynamic data structure visualizations in a lightweight IDE

A framework for producing dynamic data structure visualizations within the context of a lightweight IDE is described. Multiple synchronized visualizations of a data structure can be created with minimal coding through the use of an external viewer model. The framework supplies a customizable viewer template as well as high-level APIs to a graph drawing library and the Java Debugger Interface. Initial classroom use has demonstrated the framework's ease of use as well as its potential to as an aid to student learning.
Guidelines for Defining Hyperactivity in Children

There can be little doubt that hyperactivity, or attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), has become the most studied psychological disorder of children to date. Weiss and Hechtman (1979) report that more than 2,000 articles have been published on the subject, not to mention the many books both for professional (Barkley, 1981a; Cantwell, 1975; Kinsbourne & Caplan, 1979; A. O. Ross, 1976; D. M. Ross & Ross, 1982; Safer & Allen, 1976; Trites, 1979; Whalen & Henker, 1980) and lay audiences (Feingold, 1975; Schrag & Divoky, 1975; Smith, 1976; Stewart & Olds, 1973; J. F. Taylor, 1980). Experts agree that the disorder is probably the most common of the childhood disorders, accounting for approximately 3% to 5% of the school-age population depending on the definition used and the source of opinion (Lambert, Sandoval, & Sassone, 1978; Trites, 1979a). There is also substantial agreement on the most frequently observed symptoms of the disorder (Schrager, Lindy, Harrison, McDermott, & Killins, 1966): poor attention span, fidgetiness and restlessness, hard to manage, cannot sit still, easily distracted, poor frustration tolerance, and poor impulse control or self-control.
Alterations of Synaptic Transmission Following Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Neuronal and synaptic plasticity occurs during normal development of the central nervous system (CNS). Long-term potentiation (LTP) as a form of synaptic plasticity in adulthood is associated with learning and memory. Accumulating evidence indicates that synaptic plasticity also exists in neurological disorders such as epilepsy and stroke. The alterations of synaptic transmission during and after the insult might be involved in the process of neuronal injury or survival, and might be the mechanisms of compensation and recovery in the CNS following the insult. Stroke is the leading cause of death and the number one cause of disability in the United States. Transient global ischemia that occurs during cardiac arrest produces irreversible brain damage. However, the vulnerability to ischemic insult varies among different regions of the brain and among diff erent cell types within the same region. For example, neurons in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus are more sensitive to ischemia than those in other areas of the CNS (Pulsinelli et al., 1982). In hippocampus, most CA1 pyramidal neurons die after transient global ischemia while CA3 neurons and dentate granule cells survive (Kirino, 1982; Pulsinelli et al., 1982; Petito et al., 1987). In striatum, the medium spiny neurons die after 30 min ischemia, while the interneurons are spared (Francis and Pulsinelli, 1982; Pulsinelli et al. 1982; Chesselet et al., 1990).
Utilization of Machine Perfusion and Nanotechnology for Liver Transplantation

Over the past four decades, advances in the technology supporting solid organ transplantation have been remarkable. Transplantation is now entering a new era where multidisciplinary approaches, including the use of bioengineering, are being utilized in the pursuit of perfection for the field. In this review article, we will introduce and recap two broad categories that are on the verge of revolutionizing the utilization of donor organs and delivery of immunosuppression, metabolic additives, and gene therapies. Machine perfusion techniques and nanotechnology are areas of significant interest in the transplantation community and make up the next generation of bench to bedside research endeavors. In this review, we will summarize the progress made in the field of machine perfusion and nanotechnology as it applies to liver transplantation.
Comparison of high-dimensional confounder summary scores in comparative studies of newly marketed medications.

Abstract Objective To compare confounding adjustment by high-dimensional propensity scores (hdPSs) and historically developed high-dimensional disease risk scores (hdDRSs) in three comparative study examples of newly marketed medications: (1) dabigatran vs. warfarin on major hemorrhage; (2) on death; and (3) cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors vs. nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal bleeds. Study Design and Setting In each example, we constructed a concurrent cohort of new and old drug initiators using US claims databases. In historical cohorts of old drug initiators, we developed hdDRS models including investigator-specified plus empirically identified variables and using principal component analysis and lasso regression for dimension reduction. We applied the models to the concurrent cohorts to obtain predicted outcome probabilities, which we used for confounding adjustment. We compared the resulting estimates to those from hdPS. Results The crude odds ratio (OR) comparing dabigatran to warfarin was 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.72) for hemorrhage and 0.38 (0.26–0.55) for death. Decile stratification yielded an OR of 0.64 (0.46–0.90) for hemorrhage using hdDRS vs. 0.70 (0.49–1.02) for hdPS. ORs for death were 0.69 (0.45–1.06) and 0.73 (0.48–1.10), respectively. The relative performance of hdDRS in the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors example was similar. Conclusion hdDRS achieved similar or better confounding adjustment compared to conventional regression approach but worked slightly less well than hdPS.
Fit as a Resource to Reduce Workplace Stress: An Examination of Non-Veterans and Veterans

Although a large number of research studies in the stress literature over the previous 20 years have used the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001) to explain how organizational de...
Testing Departure from Hardy–Weinberg Proportions

The Hardy-Weinberg principle, one of the most important principles in population genetics, was originally developed for the study of allele frequency changes in a population over generations. It is now, however, widely used in studies of human diseases to detect inbreeding, populations stratification, and genotyping errors. For assessment of deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions in data, the most popular approaches include the asymptotic Pearson's chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the exact test. The Pearson's chi-square goodness-of-fit test is simple and straightforward, but it is very sensitive to small sample size or rare allele frequency. The exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportions is preferable in these situations. The exact test can be performed through complete enumeration of heterozygote genotypes or on the basis of the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. In this chapter, we describe the Hardy-Weinberg principle and the commonly used Hardy-Weinberg proportions tests and their applications, and we demonstrate how the chi-square test and exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportions can be performed step-by-step using the popular software programs SAS, R, and PLINK, which have been widely used in genetic association studies, along with numerical examples. We also discuss recent approaches for testing Hardy-Weinberg proportions in case-control study designs that are better than traditional approaches for testing Hardy-Weinberg proportions in controls only. Finally, we note that deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions in affected individuals can provide evidence for an association between genetic variants and diseases.
Proteinuria and Hematuria in Children: Diagnosis and Assessment

The physician must distinguish the few cases in which findings signify severe disease, from the majority, in which they are of little clinical importance. Approaches are proposed for doing this effectively with minimal cost and discomfort.
Chemical amplification resists for microlithography

This chapter describes polymers employed in formulation of chemically amplified resists for microlithography, which have become the workhorse in device manufacturing for the last few years and are continuing to be imaging materials of choice for a few more generations. The primary focus is placed on chemistries that are responsible for their lithographic imaging. Furthermore, innovations in the polymer design and processing that have supported the evolution of photolithography and advancement of the microelectronics technology are described. The topics covered in this chapter include the history, rapid development in the last 20 years, the current status, and the future perspective of chemical amplification resists.
Vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic disease: Is it time to revisit angioplasty?

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the vertebrobasilar (VB) system is an important cause of posterior circulation ischemic stroke, responsible for approximately one-third of cases,1 and associated with high morbidity. Despite medical therapy, the risk of recurrent stroke is significant, particularly for intracranial VB disease, ranging from 10% to 15% per year.2 The role of hemodynamic insufficiency in the etiology of stroke from VB stenosis/occlusion has long been purported, but until recently, there have been few data to directly support this mechanism. Traditional tissue-based imaging techniques for evaluation of hemodynamic compromise, including MR and CT perfusion, have significant limitations in assessing the more compact posterior circulation territory. Thus measurement of large vessel flow in the stenotic artery and major collateral vessels is an attractive surrogate strategy for hemodynamic assessment, which can be performed non-invasively using phase contrast quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA). Such measurements can be performed using phase contrast imaging sequences available on standard MR scanners. Previous retrospective data from a single-center cohort of 50 patients with symptomatic VB disease assessed by QMRA showed that flow compromise was a strong indicator of the risk of recurrent stroke:3 patients with normal flow (n=31) had a stroke-free survival of 100%, whereas the low-flow group had a stroke free-survival of 71% (p=0.003, log-rank test). Subsequently, data from the prospective multisite observational Vertebrobasilar Flow Evaluation and Risk of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke (VERiTAS) study demonstrated that distal …
The Neuroglial Cells of the Dentate Nucleus

When histological sections of the cerebellar nuclei are scrutinized, the overwhelming impression is that a large number of myelinated axons and neuroglial cells are present. The neurons of the cerebellar nuclei are, in fact, embedded in both. Counts of neuroglial cells show 4.4×104 in each lateral nucleus in the rat and 7×l05 in the monkey, and neuroglial densities of 2.8×108 per cm3 and 8.8×107 per cm3 in these animals, respectively. Thus, the neuroglial density is much higher in the rat than in monkey. However, when the ratios of neuroglia to neurons in the dentate of each species are compared, the rat has a lower ratio (8.15:1) than the monkey (12.4:1). This indicates that with ascent in phylogeny, acquisition of neocortex, and increase in brain weight, as well as a general increase in neuronal numbers, there is a commensurately larger increase in numbers of neuroglial cells (see Chap. I for details).
Vision and Aging

Research on aging and vision has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Changes in our visual capacities in later adulthood have the potential to impact our ability to perform common everyday visual tasks such as recognizing objects, reading, engaging in mobility activities, and driving, thus influencing the quality of our life and well-being. Here, we discuss several common visual problems in older adults that cause performance problems in the visual tasks of everyday living and when exacerbated are related to the development of common eye conditions and diseases of aging.
Cardiovascular Complications of Targeted Therapies for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dramatically changed the treatment landscape for many different cancers including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). With the introduction of imatinib, the first TKI developed and approved to effectively treat CML, patient survival has increased dramatically and, in some cases, this fatal cancer can be managed as a chronic disease. Since the approval of imatinib in 2002, four additional TKIs have been developed to treat this disease including the second-generation TKIs nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib and the third-generation TKI ponatinib. Despite their significant impact on the progression of CML, there is increasing recognition of cardiovascular toxicities which can limit their long-term use and impact patient morbidity and mortality. The majority of the cardiotoxicities are associated with the second- and third-generation TKIs, the most concerning of which are vascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. In addition, QT prolongation, pleural effusions, and both systemic and pulmonary hypertension are also observed. It is essential for both cardiologists and oncologists to possess knowledge of these issues in order to develop appropriate monitoring and risk mitigation strategies to prevent these toxicities and avoid premature cessation of the drug.
Web Search as a Linguistic Tool

Many people rely on web search engines to check the spelling or grammatical correctness of input phrases. For example, one might search [recurring or reoccurring] to decide between these similar words. While language-related queries are common, they have low click-through rates, lack a strong intent signal, and are generally challenging to study. Perhaps for these reasons, they have yet to be characterized in the literature. In this paper we report the results of two surveys that investigate how, when, and why people use web search to support low-level, language-related tasks. The first survey was distributed by email, and asked participants to reflect on a recent search task. The second survey was embedded directly in search result pages, and captured information about searchers' intents in-situ. Our analysis confirms that language-related search tasks are indeed common, accounting for at least 2.7% of all queries posed by our respondents. Survey responses also reveal: (1) the range of language-related tasks people perform with search, (2) the contexts in which these tasks arise, and (3), the reasons why people elect to use web search rather than relying on traditional proofing tools (e.g., spelling and grammar checkers).
The implications of social exclusion and low material resources on children's satisfaction with life domains: A study of 12 year-olds in 13 countries

Abstract This cross-national study tests how children who live under conditions of low material resources and social exclusion fare in their views of three life domains: Home and family, Friends and relationships and Self. Addressing the limitations of income measure, especially for children, the study uses two recently developed child-centered measures for child socioeconomic disadvantage (Gross-Manos, in press), in a sample of 12 years-olds (N = 15,836) from 13 diverse countries. Performing series of logistic regressions the study analyzed the odds of children identified by these measures as disadvantaged presenting lower satisfaction across the three life domains. The findings show that children who live with these extreme disadvantages, especially both, have much lower odds of being satisfied with these life domains, especially in the Self domain. Children who were identified as socially excluded showed lower odds of being satisfied in all three life domains, and in almost all of the countries, compared to those who live under low material resources, pointing to the importance of measuring children's social exclusion in a separate way. The findings are discussed, analyzing cross-national patterns that emerge, and some implications for social policy.
Error-related brain activity and internalizing disorder symptom dimensions in depression and anxiety

Background Research suggests that enhanced neural reactivity to errors, measured via the error-related negativity (ERN), is relatively unique to internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) and symptom clusters characterized by excessive worry and apprehension. However, no prior study has tested the association between the ERN and IP symptom dimensions in a heterogeneous, clinically representative patient population. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature and clarify the role of the ERN in an adult IP treatment-seeking patient sample. Method Eighty-five participants completed a well-validated flanker task known to robustly elicit the ERN and a battery of questionnaires assessing a range of IP symptoms. All participants had at least one IP diagnosis and over 75% had co-occurring IPs. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the questionnaire data indicating two distinct factors that characterized the IP sample: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. Results Analyses indicated that within this sample, an enhanced ERN, but not CRN, was associated with greater fear-based anxiety symptoms but had no relation with distress/misery symptoms. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that an enhanced ERN may not be specific to worry/apprehension and may extend to the IP fear dimension. The results also converge with a broader literature suggesting that fear-based psychopathology is characterized by an exaggerated reactivity to threat and this objective, psychophysiological response tendency may distinguish fear disorders from distress.
Adapting a standardized, industry-proven tool to measure patients' perceptions of quality at the point of care in a PET/CT center

Patient satisfaction with health-care delivery is essential today. Using a psychometrically validated questionnaire-SERVPERF-we quantitatively measured patients' perceptions of the quality of service at the point of care in a PET/CT center, and we used this information to guide subsequent quality improvement interventions. SERVPERF is a survey instrument that measures performance for various services. It has demonstrated reliability and validity across various industries. The standard for measuring patient perception of quality in hospitals-the "Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems" survey-does not include questions about the care received in a typical radiology department and is not performed at the point of care. Methods: 429 patients undergoing PET/CT examinations filled out an anonymous modified SERVPERF questionnaire on completion of imaging and reported their level of agreement with each of the 27 items by circling a Likert-type scale from 1 to 7. Each item was designed to elicit a response on the patient's perception of performance on a metric of quality. Data were summarized as the mean of each item. The frequency of low scores (≤3) was also calculated. Results: The items with the lowest mean score were "The department's physical facilities are visually appealing" (6.158) and "Documentation such as sign-in sheet, handouts, and brochures are visually appealing" (6.162). The item with the highest frequency of low scores (≤3) was, "The department provides services at the promised time" (11/429 responses). Conclusion: Our study showed that patient perception of quality in a diagnostic radiology department can be measured with a standardized survey at the point of care delivery and used to direct patient-centered quality improvement interventions.
Powers of Recuperation: Tracking Adrienne Rich

The publication of the monumental Collected Poems of Adrienne Rich calls for a fresh look at her extraordinary achievement. In this brief note,1 1 I present a more detailed and nuanced reading of R...
Prejudice, Prodigality, and the Precariousness of Life

In this essay, I focus on James Dittes' Bias and the Pious (1973), which addresses the relationship of religion and prejudice from a psychological perspective. I give particular attention to his discussion of the needs that underlie prejudice, his suggestion that religion may meet these needs better than the prejudice itself, and his distinction between contractual and prodigal faith. The incident discussed in the book involving conflict between the minister and church leaders of Augustana Lutheran Church in Omaha is highlighted because of my personal association with this church.
A modal collocation algorithm for high-frequency propagation in discontinuous waveguides

A procedure for analyzing high-frequency propagation in adjoining constant width waveguides was presented previously [Ginsberg, JASA 134, 4217 (2013)]. The parallel walls were taken to be rigid, and no results were provided. This presentation uses that development as the foundation for the analysis of waveguides having an arbitrary number of sections, each of whose walls have arbitrary local impedance. The analytical basis is description of the pressure field in terms of transverse pressure modes, each of which is associated with upstream and downstream propagation at wavenumbers that may be complex, depending on the wall properties. Pressure and particle velocity conditions at junctions of two segments are enforced exactly by collocation along the common cross section. Initiating the procedure at a passive termination leads to recursion relations for modal reflection and transmission coefficients at each junction, which are independent of the nature of the excitation. Satisfaction of the conditions at th...
Expulsive Subchoroidal Hemorrhage Associated with Cataract Extraction* : Report Of a Case With Survival of the Eye

One afternoon several years ago while performing an operation for cataract on the only useful eye of a 42-year-old man I was confronted with "one of the most appalling experiences that may befall an ophthalmic surgeon." As a successful intracapsular de­ livery of the lens of this patient's eye was completed, there was a gush of vitreous. When I looked into the eye to see what might be responsible for the precipitous loss of vitreous, I observed a dark reddish-brown mass in the vitreous chamber that increased in size as it welled toward the pupil. Al­ though I had not previously encountered such a situation, the color of the expanding mass could mean only an expulsive hemor­ rhage from the choroid. In those fleeting moments of my initial recognition of this feared complication, I re­ call a certain anguish that must affect all ophthalmic surgeons when a patient is hope­ lessly blinded by circumstances that we feel are beyond our control. But after those frac­ tional seconds, I remembered reading some­ where ( I knew not where) that such eyes had been saved by immediate sclerotomy and evacuation of the blood. The truth of the old proverb of legerdemainist that "the hand is quicker than the eye" permits me now to report the successful escape of both myself and the patient from a near catastrophe, with a follow-up period of seven years of the eye in question.
A MODEL FOR THE DESIGN OF INSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT ENVIRONMENTS

ABSTRACT The housing of the psychiatrically handicapped compels a creative elaboration of the doctrine of “space follows function.” A promising approach to planning and programming these needed institutions is ecological , which views the treatment environment as a dynamic interaction between the objective attributes of the social and physical setting and the psychological characteristics of the resident. A model for designing institutional housing, derived from this approach, includes: 1) determining the human service assumptions prevailing within a locality or country; 2) analyzing the environmental-behavioral interactions within the institution; 3) sequencing the critical pathways from initial plan to final design, as depicted in the “functional program;” and 4) developing a time-table for the process. The utility of this model is discussed in terms of the author's experience with it in planning assorted psychiatric facilities in New York State, USA.
Development of adjustable x-ray optics for the Lynx mission concept (Conference Presentation)

The NASA Lynx mission concept is under study as a potential successor to the Chandra X-ray Observatory, for launch in the 2030s. Like Chandra, Lynx is to provide 0.5 arcsec half power diameter imaging at 1keV, but with 30 times the collecting area, and sub-arcsec imaging over a 10 arcmin (radius) field-of-view. Adjustable X-ray optics technology represents a potential approach to meet the challenging Lynx requirements by enabling the correction of mirror fabrication figure, mounting induced distortions, and on-orbit correction for variations in the mirror thermal environment. We describe the current state of development of the technology, including summarizing recent test data, development of mirror assembly error budgets, and discussion of the mirror assembly optical design and its anticipated performance.
Online Map Service Using Google Maps API and Other JavaScript Libraries: An Open Source Method

There has seen increasing interest in developing online map services using Google Maps Application Programming Interface (API), Yahoo! Maps API, Microsoft Bing Maps API, Nokia Ovi Maps API, and ESRI ArcGIS API. However, such online map services are mainly “mashups” in nature, meaning that they utilize Maps API as a platform and combine other spatial data from multiple sources to create new services. The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate an online mapping application that focuses not only on the functionality to display points of interest with customized icons and the information associated with them, but also on the sophisticated functionalities for marker clustering, searching, filtering, and tabbed interface that offer the user the capability to manipulate the data, which is lacking in most documented web mapping services. A case study of developing an online map service to display the locations of hundreds of gardens on the Internet for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) People’s Garden initiative is presented. Google Maps API, Google Geocoder and other JavaScript libraries such as jQuery, XML, MarkerClusterer, Spry Framework for Ajax, all free and open source, are employed to develop this online map service. It is anticipated that the online map service demonstrated here can be used in most of the web browsers such as Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) 7.0+, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rickettsia rickettsii , the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), is named after Dr. Howard Taylor Ricketts. Although the disease was originally discovered in the Rocky Mountains, it is broadly distributed in the United States, Central America, Mexico, southern Canada, and parts of South America. It is the most severe of the rickettsial diseases and has the hallmarks of a specific skin rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, severe headache and fever.
A Multilevel Approach to Individual Readiness to Change

This research seeks to expand our understanding of individual readiness to change and its antecedents. Antecedents to change are explored including both the objective and subjective context of change in an effort to clarify their significance and relationship with individual readiness to change and in determining the success of change. A theoretically sound and testable individual readiness model is presented including a brief discussion on how to go about testing each variables of the proposed model.
Genomic Applications in Colorectal Carcinomas

Genomic testing has become an integral part of the diagnostic workup of colorectal carcinoma, as it provides guidance for prognosis, therapy, and inherited susceptibility. Currently, the main targets of molecular diagnostic testing in colorectal cancer include evaluations for mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) and EGFR pathway alterations. Next-generation sequencing is a major advance in this field and will likely replace the numerous single-gene assays used today. This technique can efficiently and cost-effectively evaluate microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden, Lynch syndrome, EGFR biomarkers, and biomarkers for clinical trials and provide a mutational template for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The new paradigm may eventually be “upfront” NGS testing of all colorectal cancers at the time of diagnosis or resection, followed by ctDNA for evaluating tumor heterogeneity, risk of recurrence, detection of progression (“liquid imaging”), and the development of resistance mutations.
Disability caregivers and church doulia: What Dietrich Bonhoeffer might say, part 1: Thoughts on theory

AbstractThis is Part 1 of a two-part article. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities either live at home with family or in facilities staffed by professionals. Family caregivers ar...
Be well, sleep well: An examination of directionality between basic psychological needs and subjective sleep among emerging adults at university

Abstract Objectives The present study assessed bidirectional associations between basic psychological needs and several subjective sleep variables across 2 semesters. Design Participants completed an online survey twice (7 months apart) as part of a short-term longitudinal, correlational study. Participants Participants were 154 (67.8% female) emerging adults (mean age = 20.02 years, SD = 1.71) from a liberal arts university on the east coast. Measurements Survey assessed demographics, perceived fulfillment of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and several sleep variables (week and weekend sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and sleep quality; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Results Data were analyzed using an autoregressive cross-lagged model, which controlled for level of study, diagnosis of mental illness, self-esteem, social desirability, sleeping medication, chronotype, conscientiousness, and extraversion. Results indicated significant unidirectional associations: perceived fulfillment of basic psychological needs predicted longer week sleep duration (β = .243, P = .008) and better perceived sleep quality (β = −.223, P = .008) 1 semester later, and 1 significant bidirectional association, perceived fulfillment of basic psychological needs, predicted lower daytime dysfunction, and in turn, lower daytime dysfunction predicted higher perceived fulfillment of basic psychological needs 1 semester later. Conclusions Although many sleep interventions focus on environmental aspects of sleep, our findings highlight the importance of nurturing university students’ psychological needs as a potential point of intervention for improving some sleep characteristics among emerging adults at university.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and myocarditis: a systematic review of reported cases

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancers has revolutionized cancer therapy. In general, these novel agents are more tolerable and have better safety profiles than conventional chemotherapy agents. Although a low incidence of myocarditis was noted as a side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, it is being increasingly cited in the literature as their use also increases. Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline database and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with either pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, or any combination of these agents. A total of 42 cases were included in the study. Mean age was 65.5 years; 64% were male, 36% were female. One or two doses preceded the onset of myocarditis in 33% and 29% of cases, respectively. Steroids were used as the first-line therapy in 90% of cases. Complete heart block occurred in 36% of cases. Fourteen (33%) deaths were reported, with 64% and 29% of deaths occurring after one or two doses, respectively. Most cases and fatalities of myocarditis occurred shortly after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Arrhythmias, particularly complete heart block, appear to be related to the occurrence of more severe and fatal cases. The use of serial electrocardiograms or biomarkers of myocardial injury may be crucial in detecting early stages of the disease process. Further research establishing more specific guidelines is necessary in dealing with this potentially fatal side effect.
Alignment of Deliberate Practice to Micro-credentials in an Introductory Computer Science Course

This Innovative Practice Work in Progress Paper presents our approach in designing and incorporating deliberate practices based on micro-credentials for a CS1 (introduction to computer science) course. Based on a set of more than 100 micro-credentials we have created for this course, we designed deliberate questions for each lecture based on the micro-credentials students are supposed to acquire. The deliberate questions are relatively short questions focusing on specific skills/ability, coupled with skill assessments. These deliberate questions are used in our in-class exercise sections, in which we encourage students to practice, give students timely feedback and support them in correcting their code. We compared students’ performance in the current semester (spring 2019) with another section of the same CS1 course one year ago (spring 2018). Our data analysis shows that students are more likely to participate and finish the daily exercises, and perform better in formal tests. Besides, using deliberate questions based on micro-credentials can provide instructors information on students overall competencies on different micro-credentials, thus allow instructors to design interventions accordingly.
Identification of newborns with birthweight ≥ 4,500g: Ultrasound within one- vs. two weeks of delivery.

Abstract Objective Our objective was to compare the diagnostic characteristics of sonographic estimated fetal weight (SEFW) done within 7 versus 8−14 days before delivery for detection of fetal macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4500 g). Study Design We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all non-anomalous singletons with SEFW ≥ 4000 g by Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographers conducted within 14 days of delivery. Cohorts were grouped by time interval between ultrasound and delivery: 0−7 days versus 8−14 days. The detection rate (DR) and false positive rate (FPR) for detection of birthweight (BW) ≥ 4500 g were compared between groups with subgroup analysis for diabetic women. Area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) was calculated to analyze all possible SEFW cutoffs within our cohort. Results A total of 330 patients met inclusion criteria with 250 (75.8 %) having SEFW within 7 days and 80 (24.2 %) with SEFW 8−14 days prior to delivery. The rate of macrosomia was 15.1 % (N = 51). The DR for macrosomia was significantly higher when SEFW was performed within 7 days of delivery compared to 8−14 days among non-diabetic (73.0 % vs 7.1 %; p Conclusion With SEFW ≥ 4000 g, the detection of BW ≥ 4500 g is significantly higher when the sonographic examination is within 7 days of birth irrespective of maternal diabetes.
Kinetic Modeling of West Nile Virus Fusion Indicates an Off-Pathway State

West Nile virus (WNV) is a prominent mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes febrile illness in humans. To infect host cells, WNV virions first bind to plasma membrane receptors, then initiate membrane fusion following endocytosis. The viral transmembrane E protein, triggered by endosomal pH, catalyzes fusion while undergoing a dimer-to-trimer transition. Previously, single-particle WNV fusion data was interrogated with a stochastic cellular automaton simulation, which modeled the E proteins during the fusion process. The results supported a linear fusion mechanism, with E protein trimerization being rate-limiting. Here, we present corrections to the previous simulation, and apply them to the WNV fusion data. We observe that a linear mechanism is no longer sufficient to fit the data. Instead, an off-pathway state is necessary; these results are corroborated by per virus chemical kinetics modeling. When compared with a similar Zika virus fusion model, this suggests that off-pathway fusion mechanisms may characterize flaviviruses more broadly.
Sex-based differences in factors associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescents with childhood asthma.

BACKGROUND Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), an important physiological feature of asthma, is a prognostic marker of childhood asthma. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the factors associated with BHR in adolescents with childhood asthma. METHODS Two hundred and fifteen adolescents (≥13 years of age; 149 males, 66 females) who were diagnosed with asthma during childhood were enrolled, underwent methacholine challenge tests, and were divided into the BHR group (<25 mg/mL of provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] [PC20], n=113) or non-BHR group (≥25 mg/mL of PC20, n=102). We examined longitudinal changes in BHR and the risk factors for its persistence in the 108 adolescents for whom baseline data, including methacholine PC20 at age 6 years, were available. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with BHR in adolescents. RESULTS Mold sensitization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.569; P=0.005) and increased blood eosinophil count (aOR, 1.002; P=0.026) were independently associated with BHR in boys but not girls. The odds of BHR decreased by 32% with each 1-year increase in age in boys (aOR, 0.683; P=0.010) but not girls. A reduced FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (<90%) was independently related with BHR in female patients only (aOR, 7.500; P=0.007). BHR decreased with age throughout childhood. A low methacholine PC20 at age 6 years was independently associated with persistent BHR throughout childhood in male and female patients, whereas early mold sensitization was a risk factor for persistent BHR in male patients only (aOR, 7.718; P=0.028). CONCLUSION Our study revealed sex-specific differences in the factors associated with BHR in adolescents with childhood asthma. Our findings suggest the risk factors that might affect asthma transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood.
Future Design Challenges for the Firefighter Turnout Boots

Wearing turnout boots has been reported as a primarily negative cause to impact firefighter’s safety and health. Specifically, the poor design of the turnout boots would expose firefighters at the potential risk of fall, muscular injuries, and lumbar injuries. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to highlight a design direction for future prototypes, by summarizing the findings of most current studies focused on the firefighter’s turnout boots evaluation. A constrained snowball sampling method selected 10 high-quality articles related to the evaluation of firefighter turnout boots. Seven out of the ten studies conducted human participant tests on healthy firefighters. Out of the twelve design components, only cushioning, traction qualify, structural foot support, stability and flexibility have been considered in the human participant studies. The future firefighter turnout boots designs should also consider the rest of the variables, such as level of protection, waterproofness, durability, and thermal comfort.
Development and validation of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitation of total 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine and 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine in rodent serum

Many environmental chemicals are known to disrupt thyroid function. Measurement of thyroid hormones in animal studies provides useful information to understand the effects of environmental chemical...
Chapter 1: The Control of Protein Synthesis in Embryonic Development and Differentiation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the establishment of protein synthesis and the timing of its initiation, an assessment of the relevance of protein synthesis in unfertilized eggs, and the evidence for the necessity of post-fertilization synthesis. The kinetics of labeling is described and some peculiarities of the pattern are discussed. The extent to which this pattern is or is not linked to cytological events is examined. The chapter reviews the source of information for polypeptide assembly comes and some points have been added concerning the extent to which the stored program alone can make anything resembling a normal embryo at any stage. The use of the term “program” is then justified, as it implies that the stored information is sufficient to code for many proteins. The relation of protein synthesis to differentiation can be studied in many ways. The chapter discusses two of the obvious ones, which are (1) following the amounts of one or more proteins, and the control of those amounts, in tissue cells of late embryonic stages or in differentiating cell populations of the adult organism; and (2) following the course of protein synthesis after fertilization of the egg.
Sulfation of fucoidin inFucus embryos: IV. Autoradiographic investigations of fucoidin sulfation and secretion during differentiation and the effect of cytochalasin treatment

Following short pulses with Na235SO4, embryos ofFucus were prepared for autoradiography to determine the cellular distribution of sulfating sites for the sulfated polysaccharide fucoidin. Fucoidin was sulfated throughout the cell at both the rhizoid and the thallus poles when 18-hr zygotes were pulsed with35S. If zygotes were chased for 30 min or more, the [35S]fucoidin appeared to be transported via Golgi vesicles and was secreted into the entire wall with greatest localization at the rhizoid tip. In two-celled embryos, however, sulfation occurred primarily in the rhizoid cell. Although the number of Golgi bodies appeared to be equally distributed near the poles of these two cells, the number in the perinuclear region of the rhizoid cell was greater than that found in the thallus perinuclear region. When observed with the electron microscope, Golgi bodies in the thallus cell appeared to be inactive as evidenced by an absence of hypertrophied cisternae and associated vesicles, which were typical of Golgi bodies in the rhizoid cell. Growth in seawater containing methionine prevented sulfation but did not interfere with the morphological differentiation of the rhizoid and thallus cells. Unlike normal embryos, both cells contained Golgi bodies that appeared to be inactive. Short pulses of35S under these conditions showed that sulfating sites (i.e., Golgi bodies) were distributed throughout the cytoplasm and in the perinuclear regions of both cells of the two-celled embryo. [35S]Fucoidin was secreted into the wall surrounding both thallus and rhizoid cells in two-celled embryos grown with methionine. Cytochalasins B and D at 50 μg/ml reversibly inhibited photopolarization and polar axis fixation but not fucoidin sulfation. Directional transport of Golgi vesicles to the rhizoid was prevented when zygotes were treated with the cytochalasins. These results suggest that sulfation of fucoidin and a cytochalasin-sensitive process are required for localization. The relation of these conclusions to recent proposals for axis fixation and vesicle movement in the fucoid embryo is discussed.
PIE: Approximate interleaving event matching over sequences

Most of the recent complex event semantics is based on regular expressions, extended with additional filters such as window constraints. We observe that many applications today require parallel (interleaving) event patterns. Moreover, we observe that this matching needs to be approximate in terms of event orders and missing events. We first propose the query semantics. Then we devise a foundation algorithm, on top of which two optimization techniques are proposed. Finally, we perform a comprehensive experimental evaluation using three real-world datasets in different domains and synthetic datasets.
The Effects of Electricity Storage on Large Scale Wind Integration

Abstract As wind energy takes on an increasingly larger role in regional electricity generation portfolios, the power generation variability introduced into the system by wind farms may begin to diminish the positive effect of further additions of such farms. Large scale energy storage systems as a result of which otherwise wasted wind power could be stored and used when needed could become an attractive alternative for investment. The interplay between investment in new wind farms and energy storage is examined in this paper. A multi-paradigm model is adapted to examine increasingly higher levels of wind power generation and to undertake a comparison between equivalent investments in wind farms and electricity storage facilities.
Isolation and partial characterization of a glial hyaluronate-binding protein.

Abstract A glial hyaluronate-binding protein (GHAP) with an isoelectric point of 4.3-4.4 was isolated from human brain white matter. The 60-kDa glycoprotein appeared to be quite resistant to proteolysis, and comparison with GHAP from a viable glioma removed at surgery showed that the protein isolated from autopsy material was not a degradation product resulting from postmortem autolysis. The protein was localized immunohistochemically with mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies in cerebral white matter. Only small amounts could be found in the gray matter. After enzymatic deglycosylation, an immunoreactive 47-kDa polypeptide was obtained. Two amino acid sequences of GHAP showed a striking similarity (up to 89%) with a highly conserved region of cartilage proteins (bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan and rat and chicken link protein). However, the amino acid composition and other amino acid sequences suggested that there are also differences between brain-specific GHAP and cartilage proteins.
X-ray sources of cosmological relevance

The imaging and spectroscopic instruments onboard the Einstein Observatory (Giacconi et al. 1979) have been extensively used to study in detail the X-ray properties of a large variety of astronomical objects. In this paper we will briefly discuss some of the most relevant results on extragalactic astronomy obtained mainly with the Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC).