cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healthcare interoperability through enterprise architecture

Current Enterprise Architecture (EA) models provide little guidance, if any, for implementing interoperability in healthcare organizations. We propose an EA interoperability method that leverages current EA models and business IT. This phased approach was followed during the implementation of an Integrating Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) profile. IHE Profiles provide a common language for purchasers and vendors to discuss the integration needs of healthcare sites and the integration capabilities of healthcare IT products. This profile was reviewed and approved by member organizations of the IHE and is currently being used in trial implementation. Our EA interoperability method refocuses a healthcare organization's principles and IT to include external entities that current EA models ignore for competitive reasons. Our approach shows the advantage of considering these external relationships between competitors and synergistic third parties. Advantages include increased patient satisfaction, meaningful data exchange and integrated transport solutions that support high-level business processes.
Supercharging Your ABC: Use Revenue Data!

As in most managerial decision making, activity-based costing (ABC) requires that managers first determine what information is relevant. Historically, the focus of ABC systems has been almost entirely on costs, yet revenue-oriented information is often highly relevant and useful. Incorporating both the revenue and expense sides of the income statement can make ABC far more powerful. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energy efficiency at the Ohio State University

Abstract The Ohio State University is actively engaged in an energy conservation program, the results of which are surpassing the energy savings anticipated when the program originated. The goal stated in the original proposal was to obtain a 20% average energy reduction in buildings analyzed. The estimated dollar reduction in utility costs on over 50 buildings now studied range from 30 to 60%. Actual metered results on several buildings already modified show that the estimated savings are usually consevative
Insight into absorption of radiation/energy transfer in infrared matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization: the roles of matrices, water and metal substrates

Although the ionization/desorption mechanisms in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) remain poorly understood, there is a clear difference between the energy absorption processes in the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) modes of operation. UV-MALDI demands an on-resonance electronic transition in the matrix compound, whereas results presented here support earlier work showing that a corresponding resonant vibrational transition is not a requirement for IR-MALDI. In fact, data from the present study suggest that significant absorption of radiant energy by a potential matrix impairs its performance, although this observation is at variance with some other reports. For example, sinapinic acid, with an IR absorption maximum close to the 2.94 micrometer wavelength of the Er-YAG laser, has been little used as an IR-MALDI matrix. By contrast, succinic acid, with much lower IR absorption and no history of use in UV-MALDI as it has no UV absorption at the wavelength of common UV lasers, has become widely recognized as a good general purpose matrix for IR-MALDI. Despite reports by others that glycerol is an effective matrix for IR-MALDI, we find that glycerol, which also absorbs strongly at 2.94 micrometer, is useful only if applied as a very thin film. Thus the cumulative evidence for the role of the matrix in IR-MALDI appears confusing and often contradictory. Water has been postulated to be a major contributor to the absorption of energy in IR-MALDI. Consistent with this, we find that samples dried from D(2)O, which does not absorb at 2.94 micrometer, give spectra of inferior quality compared with the same samples from H(2)O. Similarly, samples dried under vacuum, that probably contain less water than those dried in the open laboratory, give weaker and more erratic spectra. Another potential participant in energy absorption and energy transfer is the surface of the metal support, an alternative mechanism for IR-MALDI, for which some evidence is presented here.
A pilot study of suramin in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Suramin sodium is an aromatic polysulfonated compound that was originally introduced as an antiparasitic agent in the 1920s. Recently, in view of its ability to bind and disrupt the function of multiple growth factors and cellular enzyme systems, the authors have been evaluating the role of suramin as an antitumor agent. In this study, 12 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received parenteral suramin by continuous infusion to a peak plasma suramin level greater than 200 Fg/ml. No objective radiographic responses were observed, although greater than 90% necrosis of multiple tumor sites was documented at autopsy in one patient and normalizatf an of tumor-related hypercalcemia occurred in another patient. Two patients had a I tble disease of 10 and 28 weeks' duration, respectively. Significant toxicities included hypotension related to sepsis and resulting in renal insufficiency (one patient), development of liver function abnormalities (one patient), marked thrombocytopenia (one patient), prothrombin time prolongation (all patients), vortex keratopathy (two patients), and Grade 1 sensory neuropathy (two patients). On the basis of the current results, suramin does not appear to be an active single agent against metastatic renal cell carcinoma when administered by this dosing schedule. Cancer 67:1509-1513,1991.
California’s experience with non-adversary divorce

California’s Family Law Act of 1969, effective January 1, 1970, instituted non-adversary proceedings for divorce, suggested a more equal division of community property and reduced the minimum waiting time for a final divorce decree. A rapid increase in the number of divorces granted in California followed. Analysis revealed that the 1969 Law did not lead to any real increase in marital dissolution among Californians or produce any significant changes in the characteristics of the population filing for divorce. What was seen were certain modifications in behavior on the part of divorcing persons to take advantage of the Law’s new provisions.
The use of microcomputers in an applied computer science program

The use of microcomputers in an undergraduate computer science program may be handled in several ways. One approach is to first teach the use of a microcomputer followed by the design of a microcomputer system, and then to send the students out to recommend and install a complete microcomputer system for some organization in the community. In this way, not only do the students learn how to program a microcomputer, but they also learn the internals of the microcomputer, the design of a microcomputer system, the assembly language on a microcomputer, and a final, total application of all their knowledge to a real life situation. We feel this greatly improves upon the common combination of lectures and programming assignments with realistic microcomputer system design and implementation.
Strong decays of strange charmed P-wave mesons.

Goldstone boson decays of P-wave ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{*}\mathrm{*}}$ mesons are studied within the framework of heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. We first analyze the simplest single kaon decays of these strange charmed mesons. We derive a model-independent prediction for the width of ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{s}2}$ and use experimental information on ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{s}1}$ to constrain the S-wave contribution to ${\mathit{D}}_{1}^{0}$ decay. Single and double pion decay modes are then discussed and shown to be significantly restricted by isospin conservation. We conclude that the pion channels may offer the best hope for detecting one strange member of an otherwise invisible P-wave flavor multiplet.
Energy based evolving mean shift algorithm for neural spike classification

This paper presents a novel nonparametric clustering algorithm, called energy based evolving mean shift (EMS) clustering. It defines an energy function to characterize the compactness of the underlying data set and proves the clustering procedure converges. Through iterations, the data points collapse into well formed clusters and the associated energy approaches zero. Although as a general algorithm, the EMS is designed for resolving neural spikes to individual sources which is usually called “spike sorting”.
Immune Response Genes Modulate Serologic Responses to Vibrio cholerae TcpA Pilin Peptides

Cholera is an enteric disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. Toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), a type 4 pilus expressed by V. cholerae, is a cholera virulence factor that is required for host colonization. The TCP polymer is composed of subunits of TcpA pilin. Antibodies directed against TcpA are protective in animal models of cholera. While natural or recombinant forms of TcpA are difficult to purify to homogeneity, it is anticipated that synthesized TcpA peptides might serve as immunogens in a subunit vaccine. We wanted to assess the potential for effects of the immune response (Ir) gene that could complicate a peptide-based vaccine. Using a panel of mice congenic at the H-2 locus we tested the immunogenicity of TcpA peptide sequences (peptides 4 to 6) found in the carboxyl termini of both the classical (Cl) and El Tor (ET) biotypes of TCP. Cl peptides have been shown to be immunogenic in CD-1 mice. Our data clearly establish that there are effects of the Ir gene associated with both biotypes of TcpA. These effects are dynamic and dependent on the biotype of TcpA and the haplotypes of the host. In addition to the effects of the classic class II Ir gene, class I (D, L) or nonclassical class I (Qa-2) may also affect immune responses to TcpA peptides. To overcome the effects of the class II Ir gene, multiple TcpA peptides similar to peptides 4, 5, and 6 could be used in a subunit vaccine formulation. Identification of the most protective B-cell epitopes of TcpA within a particular peptide and conjugation to a universal carrier may be the most effective method to eliminate the effects of the class II and class I Ir genes.
Corpus callosum: ovarian hormones and feminization

The rat's corpus callosum is sexually dimorphic with the male's being larger. This difference appears to depend in part on the neonatal presence of testosterone in the male and ovarian hormones in the female. To further investigate the possibility that ovarian hormones participate in the differentiation of the rat's callosum, females received one of the following treatments on postnatal day 8, 12 or 16: (1) ovariectomy (Ovx); (2) 1 mg of testosterone propionate (TP); or (3) sham surgery. All animals were handled daily from birth until weaning. They were sacrificed at 110 days and a mid-sagittal section of the callosum was obtained. From this section measures of callosal area, perimeter, length, and 99 widths were derived. Widths were averaged into 7 factors as defined by prior factor analysis. Ovariectomy, whether on day 8, 12 or 16, enlarged callosal area and 3 of the callosal width factors. TP had no effect on any callosal variable when administered on day 8, 12 or 16. A comparison of control males and females replicated our prior findings of sexual dimorphism. We conclude that ovarian hormones act to feminize the female callosum, and that their removal results in defeminization. Furthermore, the fact that ovariectomy was effective as late as day 16, while TP treatment on day 8 or later had no effect, suggests that masculinization and feminization of this structure constitute separate processes with distinct sensitive periods.
Hybrid algorithms in quantum Monte Carlo.

With advances in algorithms and growing computing powers, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods have become a leading contender for high accuracy calculations for the electronic structure of realistic systems. The performance gain on recent HPC systems is largely driven by increasing parallelism: the number of compute cores of a SMP and the number of SMPs have been going up, as the Top500 list attests. However, the available memory as well as the communication and memory bandwidth per element has not kept pace with the increasing parallelism. This severely limits the applicability of QMC and the problem size it can handle. OpenMP/MPI hybrid programming provides applications with simple but effective solutions to overcome efficiency and scalability bottlenecks on large-scale clusters based on multi/many-core SMPs. We discuss the design and implementation of hybrid methods in QMCPACK and analyze its performance on current HPC platforms characterized by various memory and communication hierarchies.
Actin Depolymerizing Factor Stabilizes an Existing State of F-Actin and Can Change the Tilt of F-Actin Subunits

Proteins in the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family are essential for rapid F-actin turnover, and most depolymerize actin in a pH-dependent manner. Complexes of human and plant ADF with F-actin at different pH were examined using electron microscopy and a novel method of image analysis for helical filaments. Although ADF changes the mean twist of actin, we show that it does this by stabilizing a preexisting F-actin angular conformation. In addition, ADF induces a large (∼12°) tilt of actin subunits at high pH where filaments are readily disrupted. A second ADF molecule binds to a site on the opposite side of F-actin from that of the previously described ADF binding site, and this second site is only largely occupied at high pH. All of these states display a high degree of cooperativity that appears to be an integral part of F-actin.
Telephoning Fish: An Examination of the Creative Deviance Used by Wildlife Violators in the United States

Wildlife poachers throughout the world have developed innovative techniques to commit their crimes and evade arrest by law enforcement. By taking advantage of technological advances as well as legitimate wildlife management practices, the poachers are able to participate in what Cohen and Machalek (1988, 1995) refer to as expropriative crime strategies. This paper documents specific non-conventional poaching techniques used as reported by 22 self-reported poachers, 14 wildlife law enforcement agents and 2 non-poaching hunters who were wildlife crime witnesses. The data, collected in semi-formal interviews, also present the different perceptions of poaching frequency and methods by both criminals and law enforcement officers.
Blue Skies for 100 Years: Introduction to the Special Issue on Corporate and Blue Sky Law

Kansas enacted the first state securities law in the United States on March 10, 1911, thereby ushering in a new era of financial regulation. House Bill 906, entitled “An Act to provide for the regulation and supervision of investment companies and providing penalties for the violation thereof” (1911 Act), was the product of disparate forces, including the ongoing struggle over Kansas’ new bank guarantee act, progressive pressures within the Republican Party, strong agricultural markets, the increasing prevalence of traveling securities salesmen, and the work of the charismatic Kansas Commissioner of Banking, Joseph Norman Dolley. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Kansas “blue sky” law, and this issue of the Washburn Law Journal uses the occasion to look back on the genesis of securities regulation and to think about its future. It is true that the financial markets in 2011 are profoundly different from the markets in 1911. Moreover, the 1911 Act was passed under a specific combination of politics, economics, technology and social forces at work in Kansas in 1911. Although a lot has changed in 100 years, the persistence of the regulatory systems established during the early twentieth century, with respect both to securities and to corporate governance more generally, suggests that era may have more to interest us than “mere” history.
Trapped Antihydrogen in Its Ground State

Antihydrogen atoms (H¯) are confined in an Ioffe trap for 15-1000 s-long enough to ensure that they reach their ground state. Though reproducibility challenges remain in making large numbers of cold antiprotons (p¯) and positrons (e(+)) interact, 5±1 simultaneously confined ground-state atoms are produced and observed on average, substantially more than previously reported. Increases in the number of simultaneously trapped H¯ are critical if laser cooling of trapped H¯ is to be demonstrated and spectroscopic studies at interesting levels of precision are to be carried out.
Creating environments conducive for lifelong learning

Opportunities to engage in learning anytime or anywhere must address the issue of how to foster the desire for sustained and enduring learning. The need to understand the conditions necessary for facilitating this type of learning requires an understanding of the behaviors associated with autonomous learning coupled with self-efficacy beliefs.
E-Research: Ethics, Security, Design, and Control in Psychological Research on the Internet

Differences between traditional laboratory research and Internet-based research require a review of basic issues of research methodology. These differences have implications for research ethics (e.g., absence of researcher, potential exposure of confidential data and/or identity to a third party, guaranteed debriefing) and security (e.g., confidentiality and anonymity, security of data transmission, security of data storage, and tracking participants over time). We also review basic design issues a researcher should consider before implementing an Internet study, including the problem of participant self-selection and loss of experimental control on the Internet laboratory. An additional challenge for Internet-based research is the increased opportunity for participant misbehavior, intentional or otherwise. We discuss methods to detect arid minimize these threats to the validity of Internet-based research.
Cognitive Speed of Processing and Functional Declines in Older Cancer Survivors: An Analysis of Data from the ACTIVE Trial

It has been suggested that chemotherapy treatment for cancer may contribute to cognitive decline in older cancer survivors. This issue is particularly important given that subtle cognitive impairment, particularly in cognitive processing speed, can affect functional status and quality of life for older adults. Multivariate regression of data from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of older adults revealed a trend towards decreased performance after cancer treatment with chemotherapy on several functional measures associated with processing speed (as compared with matched individuals who did not have cancer). Additional analyses revealed that a subset of the chemotherapy-treated adults demonstrated a reliable negative change on several measures of processing speed. While inconclusive, this hypothesis generating work suggests that cognitive dysfunction following cancer treatment may contribute to disability observed in older cancer survivors. Further research is needed to determine the significance of the relationship between cognitive and functional impairment in older cancer survivors.
Colchicine-binding sites of brain tubulins from an antarctic fish and from a mammal are functionally similar, but not identical: implications for microtubule assembly at low temperature.

The tubulins of Antarctic fishes possess adaptations that favor microtubule formation at low body temperatures (Detrich et al.: Biochemistry 28:10085-10093, 1989). To determine whether some of these adaptations may be present in a domain of tubulin that participates directly or indirectly in lateral contact between microtubule protofilaments, we have examined the energetics of the binding of colchicine, a drug thought to bind to such a site, to pure brain tubulins from an Antarctic fish (Notothenia gibberifrons) and from a mammal (the cow, Bos taurus). At temperatures between 0 and 20 degrees C, the affinity constants for colchicine binding to the fish tubulin were slightly smaller (1.5-2.6-fold) than those for bovine tubulin. van't Hoff analysis showed that the standard enthalpy changes for colchicine binding to the two tubulins were comparable (delta H degrees = +10.6 and +7.4 kcal mol-1 for piscine and bovine tubulins, respectively), as were the standard entropy changes (delta S degrees = +61.3 eu for N. gibberifrons tubulin, +51.2 eu for bovine tubulin). At saturating concentrations of the ligand, the maximal binding stoichiometry for each tubulin was approximately 1 mol colchicine/mol tubulin dimer. The data indicate that the colchicine-binding sites of the two tubulins are similar, but probably not identical, in structure. The apparent absence of major structural modifications at the colchicine site suggests that this region of tubulin is not involved in functional adaptation for low-temperature polymerization. Rather, the colchicine site of tubulin may have been conserved evolutionarily to serve in vivo as a receptor for endogenous molecules (i.e., "colchicine-like" molecules or MAPs) that regulate microtubule assembly.
A Network of Hydrophobic Residues Impeding Helix αC Rotation Maintains Latency of Kinase Gcn2, Which Phosphorylates the α Subunit of Translation Initiation Factor 2

Kinase Gcn2 is activated by amino acid starvation and downregulates translation initiation by phosphorylating the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha). The Gcn2 kinase domain (KD) is inert and must be activated by tRNA binding to the adjacent regulatory domain. Previous work indicated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gcn2 latency results from inflexibility of the hinge connecting the N and C lobes and a partially obstructed ATP-binding site in the KD. Here, we provide strong evidence that a network of hydrophobic interactions centered on Leu-856 also promotes latency by constraining helix alphaC rotation in the KD in a manner relieved during amino acid starvation by tRNA binding and autophosphorylation of Thr-882 in the activation loop. Thus, we show that mutationally disrupting the hydrophobic network in various ways constitutively activates eIF2alpha phosphorylation in vivo and bypasses the requirement for a key tRNA binding motif (m2) and Thr-882 in Gcn2. In particular, replacing Leu-856 with any nonhydrophobic residue activates Gcn2, while substitutions with various hydrophobic residues maintain kinase latency. We further provide strong evidence that parallel, back-to-back dimerization of the KD is a step on the Gcn2 activation pathway promoted by tRNA binding and autophosphorylation. Remarkably, mutations that disrupt the L856 hydrophobic network or enhance hinge flexibility eliminate the need for the conserved salt bridge at the parallel dimer interface, implying that KD dimerization facilitates the reorientation of alphaC and remodeling of the active site for enhanced ATP binding and catalysis. We propose that hinge remodeling, parallel dimerization, and reorientation of alphaC are mutually reinforcing conformational transitions stimulated by tRNA binding and secured by the ensuing autophosphorylation of T882 for stable kinase activation.
Bohr on Bell: A Proposed Reading of Bohr and its Implications for Bell’s Theorem

Despite some helpful recent studies, I believe that philosophers of physics have yet to understand fully Bohr’s reply to Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen’s (EPR’s) argument that quantum mechanics is incomplete. The first part of this paper is an attempt to make some progress towards full understanding, by first noting a few crucial points about EPR’s argument, then spelling out Bohr’s reply. Bohr’s reply inhabits a logical space that can be described in terms of the counterfactual reasoning needed by EPR to establish their conclusion. Bohr had reasonable physical grounds for adopting a position that occupies this logical space. The second part of the paper then examines the extent to which Bohr can adopt a similar position in response to the case considered by Bohm—the case of two particles correlated not in position and momentum, but in spin. While the same logical space exists in this case—the logic of Bohm’s version of the argument is identical to that of EPR’s version—it is less clear that Bohr’s reply remains physically well-grounded.
Numerical Study of Pulsatile Flow through Models of Vascular and Aortic Valve Stenoses and Assessment of Gorlin Equation

For determining the blockage (stenosed valve area) in the aortic valve, Gorlin equation has been used in clinical practice for past fifty years [1]. It has been derived using the Bernoulli equation across the stenosed valve and making the approximation that the velocity of the fluid behind the stenosis is much greater than the velocity upstream of the stenosis (it is a good assumption for a valve with severe stenosis). Based on many clinical studies, it is well documented that the Gorlin equation has large error in predicting the stenosed valve area under mild stenosis and at low flow rates [2]. In last fifty years, a large number of theoretical/numerical studies have been reported in the lite rature to improve upon the predictions of the Gorlin equation; however none of them has found acceptance in clinical practice. The goal of this paper is to study the pulsatile flow in models of aortic valve with actual waveform of the heart using the commercial CFD software FLUENT. Computations for steady and pulsatile Newtonian flow are performed for four axisymmetric models with valve areas of 0.5 cm 2 , 1.0 cm 2 , 1.5 cm 2 and 2.0 cm 2 at flow rates of 5.0 l/min, 7.5 l/min, 10.0 l/min, 12.5 l/min, 15.0 l/min, 17.5 l/min, and 20 l/min. Thus a total of 28 cases are computed to assess the range of validity of the Gorlin equation. The flow is turbulent in all cases downstream of the stenosis; thus a modified k-epsilon turbulence model is employed in the computations. Using the calculated pressure drop across the stenosis, Gorlin equation was used to determine the stenosed area of the valve. For all the 28 cases, the error in valve area computed from Gorlin equation varied from 15 to 100%. The Gorlin equation was modified so that it retains its basic features but better fits the computational data. The stenosed valve areas computed with modified Gorlin equation give results within 3 to 5% error when compared to the exact valve areas used in FLUENT computations. Clini cal data using 35 patients covering the whole range of flow rates and severity of stenosis of the aortic valve was obtained by Dr. Rfikin of the Washington University School of Medicine. The valve area from clinical data was compared with that obtained fro m original Gorlin equation and modified Gorlin equations for various flow rates and pressure drops. For high flow rates, the original Gorlin equation predicts the valve area which is significantly different from clinical valve area; however the modified Gorlin equation is in very good agreement with the clinical results for all physiologically relevant flow rates and stenoses from mild to severe. Therefore we recommend the use of modified Gorlin equation by the physicians.
Modeling the Effects of Malaria Preventative Measures

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal epidemic affecting nearly half of the world’s population and is the 5th leading cause of death by infectious disease world-wide. There are currently two recommended methods for prevention and eradication of the disease: insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), but efficacies and compliance vary from region to region. In this project, we look at the effects of ITNs and IRS as methods for eradication of malaria. To compare these methods, we develop a differential equation model and apply the next generation matrix method to determine the basic reproductive number. The differential equation model builds on classical SIR epidemiological models, with added constraints for the two preventative measures. Analysis shows that the effects of ITNs and IRS can help eradicate the disease. We find that the effect of ITNs is significantly greater than the effect of IRS. We conclude that the combination of compliance and efficacy for ITNs needs to be at least 61% and that there is no such percentage for IRS alone that will eradicate the disease. At a minimum, in combination, compliance and efficacy for ITNs needs to be at least 60% and compliance and efficacy for IRS needs to be at least 60%.
Exploiting Full-Duplex Receivers for Achieving Secret Communications in Multiuser MISO Networks

We consider a broadcast channel in which a multi-antenna transmitter (Alice) sends $K$ confidential information signals to $K$ legitimate users (Bobs) in the presence of $L$ eavesdroppers (Eves). Alice uses multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding to generate the information signals along with her own (Tx-based) friendly jamming (FJ). Interference at each Bob is removed by MIMO zero-forcing. This, however, leaves a “vulnerability region” around each Bob, which can be exploited by a nearby Eve. We address this problem by augmenting Tx-based FJ (TxFJ) with Rx-based FJ (RxFJ), generated by each Bob. Specifically, each Bob uses self-interference suppression to transmit a friendly jamming signal, while simultaneously receiving an information signal over the same channel. We minimize the powers allocated to the information, TxFJ, and RxFJ signals under given guarantees on the individual secrecy rate for each Bob. The problem is solved for the cases when the eavesdropper’s channel state information is known/unknown. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Furthermore, we discuss how to schedule transmissions when the rate requirements need to be satisfied on average rather than instantaneously. Under special cases, a scheduling algorithm that serves only the strongest receivers is shown to outperform the one that schedules all receivers.
Environmental influences on wintering duck adundance at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Abstract North American waterfowl winter throughout a large geographic area, and the choice of wintering site has a direct impact on survival and fitness. Climatic and food variables are the most commonly cited factors influencing abundance and distribution of wintering migratory birds, including waterfowl. We conducted stratified aerial surveys at a northern latitude wintering site, Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, to describe the importance of this wintering area and to examine the influence of weather and food on the abundance of total ducks, Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata), and goldeneye species (Bucephala spp.). Surveys indicated that up to 270,000 ducks use the GSL during winter, making it an important wintering area in the Pacific Flyway. Peak abundance of total ducks was positively correlated with overwinter temperatures. Northern Shoveler abundance was positively correlated with elevation of the GSL; higher lake elevation indicated more open water and hence more overwintering habitat. Goldeneye ab...
Asymptotic distribution of Moran test in spatial econometric autoregressive models

In this paper,based on the 2SLS residuals in the spatial econometric autoregressive model,we prove that Moran test is asymptotically normal distribution when the error is independent and identically distributed,and then establish OLL-Moran test.Monte Carlo experiment results show that size distortion of OLL-Moran test in this research is less than that of KP-Moran,and the power of OLL-Moran test is more than that of KP-Moran.OLL-Moran test has good finite sample performance,and could check effectively spatial correlation among 2SLS residuals in the spatial econometric autoregressive model.
On the Meticulous Portrait of "Nineteen Autumns"

The style of painting "Nineteen Autumns" is fresh,vivid,rich and thought-provoking.The character is natural,vigorous,the use of line is forceful,the color is simple and elegant,the mood is appropriate as well.The space in it forms a creative concept,full of rich taste of life.
Treatment of aneurysm of transverse aortic arch.

Although aneurysms involving the aortic arch are usually well localized and amenable to reconstructive operation, the reported results of this form of therapy at this level are not as good as in other portions of the aorta. The difference is due to cerebral and bleeding disturbances associated with cerebral protection techniques. This report describes 30 patients and emphasizes the variability of extent of these lesions and the results of methods employed for cerebral protection, which varied according to extent of disease. The aneurysm involved all but the proximal ascending aorta in one patient and was replaced with a permanent ascending aorta-innominate and left common carotid artery bypass graft. Eight aneurysms were limited to the transverse arch; one was removed with the aid of temporary bypass and seven with cardiopulmonary bypass and separate brachiocephalic normothermic perfusion. Temporary and permanent bypass grafts were used in four patients with lesser involvement. None of these techniques was used in 17 patients who had distal arch involvement. Of the 30 patients, 26 survived and 18 are still alive despite the treatment being spread over a 22 year period. Cerebral complications occurred in 3 patients, two of whom died. These problems were avoided in five patients treated more recently by using low flows under low pressures. Coagulopathies did not occur. Although the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia, and circulatory arrest provides a more convenient and technically simpler method of operation, the disadvantages of coagulopathies with excessive bleeding, pulmonary problems, and lack of consistent cerebral protection argue against its routine use at this time.
Transposition of the paraclival carotid artery: a novel concept of self-retaining vascular retraction during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery technical report

Fixed retraction of the internal carotid artery (ICA) has previously been described for use during transcranial microscopic surgery. We report the novel use of a self-retaining microvascular retractor for static repositioning and protection of the ICA during expanded endonasal endoscopic approaches to the paramedian skull base. The transmaxillary, transpterygoid approach was performed in five cadaver heads (ten sides). The self-retaining microvascular retractor was used to laterally reposition the pterygopalatine fossa contents during exposure of the pterygoid base/plates and the paraclival ICA to expose the petrous apex. Maximum ICA retraction distance was measured in the x-axis for all ten sides. The average horizontal distance of ICA retraction measured at the mid-paraclival segment for all ten sides was 4.75 mm. In all cases, the carotid artery was repositioned without injury to the vessel or disruption of the surrounding neurovascular structures. Static repositioning of the ICA and other delicate neurovascular structures was effectively performed during endonasal, endoscopic cadaveric surgery of the skull base and has potential merits in live patients.
Structural Change Can Be Detected in Advanced-Glaucoma Eyes.

Author(s): Belghith, Akram; Medeiros, Felipe A; Bowd, Christopher; Liebmann, Jeffrey M; Girkin, Christopher A; Weinreb, Robert N; Zangwill, Linda M | Abstract: PurposeTo compare spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) standard structural measures and a new three-dimensional (3D) volume optic nerve head (ONH) change detection method for detecting change over time in severely advanced-glaucoma (open-angle glaucoma [OAG]) patients.MethodsThirty-five eyes of 35 patients with very advanced glaucoma (defined as a visual field mean deviation l -21 dB) and 46 eyes of 30 healthy subjects to estimate aging changes were included. Circumpapillary retinal fiber layer thickness (cpRNFL), minimum rim width (MRW), and macular retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses were measured using the San Diego Automated Layer Segmentation Algorithm (SALSA). Progression was defined as structural loss faster than 95th percentile of healthy eyes. Three-dimensional volume ONH change was estimated using the Bayesian-kernel detection scheme (BKDS), which does not require extensive retinal layer segmentation.ResultsThe number of progressing glaucoma eyes identified was highest for 3D volume BKDS (13, 37%), followed by GCPIL (11, 31%), cpRNFL (4, 11%), and MRW (2, 6%). In advanced-OAG eyes, only the mean rate of GCIPL change reached statistical significance, -0.18 μm/y (P = 0.02); the mean rates of cpRNFL and MRW change were not statistically different from zero. In healthy eyes, the mean rates of cpRNFL, MRW, and GCIPL change were significantly different from zero. (all P l 0.001).ConclusionsGanglion cell-inner plexiform layer and 3D volume BKDS show promise for identifying change in severely advanced glaucoma. These results suggest that structural change can be detected in very advanced disease. Longer follow-up is needed to determine whether changes identified are false positives or true progression.
“Greatest in Her Offspring”: Motherhood and the Empress Matilda

The Empress Matilda (1102–1167) is famous for her attempt to become England’s first female ruler in the twelfth century. Following the deaths of her brother William Athling and her first husband, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, her father designated her as his heir. While Henry I appreciated his daughter’s talents in statecraft, he was also eager for her to continue his bloodline. In 1127, he married her to 14-year-old Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. Matilda was pregnant with the third son when her father died in 1135, which was assumed by her cousin Stephen of Blois, Count of Boulogne. But four years later, Matilda abandoned her husband and three young sons to lay claim to her English inheritance. In 1141, Matilda nearly achieved her goal, but a series of reverses caused her to bring over her eldest son, Henry, to bolster her claim to the throne. In this essay, I will discuss Matilda’s role as a mother, which, as I shall argue, was always subordinate to her political and dynastic ambitions.
Travel Writing, Experiences, and Silences: What is Left Out of European Travelers' Accounts—the Case of Richard D. Mohun

Recent contributions to this journal have taken various approaches to travelers's accounts as sources of African history. Elizabeth de Veer and Ann O'Hear use the travel accounts of Gerhard Rohlfs to reconstruct nineteenth-century political and economic history of West African groups who have escaped scholarly attention. But essentially they use Rohlfs' work as he intended it to be used. Gary W. Clendennen examines David Livingstone's work to find the history under the propaganda. He argues that, overlooking its obvious problems, the work reveals a wealth of information on nineteenth-century cultures in the Zambezi and Tchiri valleys. Unfortunately, Clendennen does not use this source for these reasons. He uses it instead to shed light on the relationship between Livingstone and his brother.John Hanson registers a basic distrust of European mediated oral histories recorded and written in the African past. He draws attention to the fact that what were thought to be “generally agreed upon accounts” may actually reflect partisan interests. Hanson dramatically demonstrates how chunks of history, often the history of the losers, are lost, as the history of the winners is made to appear universal. Richard Mohun can be seen to represent the winners in turn-of-the-century Central Africa. His account is certainly about himself. I attempt, though, to use his account to recover some of the history of the losers, the Africans, which Mohun may have inadvertently recorded.My question is double; its two parts—one historical, one methodological—are inextricably interdependent. The first concerns the experience of the people from Zanzibar who accompanied, carried, and worked for Richard Dorsey Mohun on a three-year (1898-1901) expedition into Central Africa to lay telegraph wire. The second wonders how and how well the first question can be answered using, primarily, the only sources available to me right now: those written by Mohun himself.
Arbitrary-Order Iterative Learning Control Considering H∞ Synthesis

Iterative learning control (ILC) is an effective technique to improve the tracking performance of systems through adjusting the feedforward control signal based on the memory data. It is critically important to design the learning filters in the ILC algorithm that assures the robust stability of the convergence of tracking errors from one iteration to next. The design procedure usually involves lots of tuning work especially in high-order ILC. To facilitate this procedure, this paper proposes an approach to design learning filters for an arbitrary-order ILC with guaranteed convergence and ease of tuning. The filter design problem is formulated into an H∞ optimal control problem. This approach is based on an infinite impulse response (IIR) system and conducted directly in iteration-frequency domain. Important characteristics of the proposed approach are explored and demonstrated on a simulated wafer scanning system.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Abstract 304: Efficient Generation of Cardiac Purkinje Fiber-like Cells From ESCs by Activating cAMP Signaling

Dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) significantly impacts pathogenesis of arrhythmia, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Strategies to derive cardiac conduction cells including Purkinje fiber cells (PC) would facilitate models for mechanistic studies and drug discovery, and also provide new cellular materials for regenerative therapies. A high-throughput chemical screen using CCS:lacZ and Contactin2:eGFP (Cntn2:eGFP) reporter embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines was used to discover a small molecule, sodium nitroprusside (SN), that efficiently promotes the generation of cardiac cells that express gene profiles and generate action potentials of PC-like cells. Imaging and mechanistic studies suggest that SN promotes the generation of PC from cardiac progenitors initially expressing cardiac myosin heavy chain, and that it does so by activating cAMP signaling. These findings provide a novel strategy to derive scalable PC, along with insight into the ontogeny of CCS development.
Lower incidence of respiratory infections among iron-deficient children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Objective: We posited a trade-off in iron nutrition, with iron deficiency decreasing risk for infection by depriving infectious agents of iron while increasing risk for infection by compromising immune protection. We described associations between iron deficiency and prevalent and incident infectious disease episodes and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) among 283 children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Methodology: Whole blood specimens were evaluated for hemoglobin and dried blood spots (DBS) were evaluated for biomarkers of iron deficiency (transferrin receptor) and inflammation (C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein). Prevalent and incident infectious disease episodes were identified by physician's diagnosis. CMI was evaluated as delayed-type hypersensitivity to Candida albicans (DTH-Candida). Associations between iron status and elevated inflammation, prevalent infectious disease episodes and DTH-Candida were described with logistic regression models; associations between iron status and incident infectious disease episodes were described with Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Elevated inflammation and diagnosed infectious diseases were more common among children with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA, severe iron deficiency), but not significantly so. The incidence of infectious disease was lowest among children with moderate iron deficiency (iron-deficient erythropoiesis, IDE); this pattern was most apparent for respiratory infections (aHR: 0.24; p: 0.030). DTH-Candida was not compromised among children with any degree of iron deficiency. Conclusions and implications: We observed no adverse effect of iron deficiency on CMI, but did observe patterns consistent with the hypothesis that moderate iron deficiency protects against respiratory infections and may represent a nutritional adaptation to infectious disease. This suggests that interventions targeting iron deficiency should be coupled with effective infectious disease control measures.
Centrifugal distortions in molecules: An ab initio approach with application to ozone

Our procedure for employing analytical gradients of ab initio potential energy hypersurfaces in the description of centrifugally distorted molecules is applied to an asymmetric top, namely water. Both single determinantal (HF/6-3 1G**) and configuration-interaction (c1sD/6-3 1G**) surfaces were utilized. Quartic centrifugal spectroscopic coefficients are obtained in both cases and are in reasonable agreement with experiment. It is shown that the calculated dependence of the energy upon the rotational angular momentum is better represented by a Pad6 approximant than by the conventional power series.
Early Experience With Fenestrated Endovascular Compared to Open Repair of Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in a High-Volume Open Aortic Center

Background Early data suggest that fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) is feasible but may have higher morbidity and unclear durability compared to open surgical repair (OSR) of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (CAAAs). We compared the early experience following elective FEVAR to traditional OSR of CAAA in a high-volume open aortic center. Methods All patients undergoing FEVAR and OSR for elective CAAA from 1/2010–7/2015 were identified. Univariate, multivariable logistic, and Cox hazards modeling were used to compare perioperative and intermediate outcomes. Results We identified 116 patients who underwent CAAA repair (18 FEVAR) with a median follow-up of 26 months. FEVAR patients had higher rates of congestive heart failure (22% vs. 5.1%; P = 0.03). Operative time was slightly longer following FEVAR (282 vs. 240 min, P = 0.02). There was no difference in 30-day operative mortality (0% in both) or major complications. Median intensive care unit (0 vs. 3 days; P Conclusions Early experience in FEVAR at a high-volume open aortic center shows that FEVAR can be performed safely with comparable perioperative risk to OSR. FEVAR may be associated with graft complications during follow-up, which should be considered in clinical decision-making. Further study is warranted to better elucidate late durability of FEVAR and the impact of the learning curve on outcomes.
Status of Research on Biological Agents for the Control of Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are one of the most important groups of bloodsucking arthropods that annoy and transmit diseases to man and livestock. They are vectors of viral, protozoan, and filarial diseases, and they are the sole vectors of the Group A arboviruses, which include Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, and Eastern equine encephalitis. Human and avian malarias (Plasmodium) spp. are transmitted exclusively by mosquitoes, and they are the principal transmitters of filariasis to man and other animals. Also, from the standpoint of veterinary medicine, the annoyance factor brought about by high density mosquito populations cannot be overstated. Large areas of irrigated farmland and vast marshes along sea coasts frequently produce very high mosquito populations thus retarding livestock production and further agricultural development. Steelman et al. (1972, 1973) have reported that high density populations of Anopheles quadrimaculatus, A. crucians, and Psorophora columbiae (=P. confinnis) can cause significant reductions in the average daily weight gain of feedlot steers.