cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimum allocation in stratisfied sampling with replacement

In a stratified sample, when sampling is done with replacement in each stratum a better estimate of the population mean can be achieved by considering the distinct units only. An explicit expression for the variance for the mean, of a stratified sample based on the distinct units only, is obtained. Then the optimum allocation for the different stratum are obtained by minimizing this variance subject to (i) total sample size being fixed, or (ii) the expected number of distinct units being fixed. Neyman’s solutions are obtained as special cases. The solutions finally arrived at are algebraically complex, hence, numerical methods are applied. In all examples, the variance of the estimates obtained by this method are smaller than the variances obtained by Neyman’s allocation.
Evaluating patterns of failure and salvage therapy for patients treated with primary stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate patterns of failure after stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage NSCLC and determine the role of salvage therapy on patient outcome. Methods: Eighty-two consecutive medically inoperable patients treated with definitive SBRT for early-stage NSCLC were examined. Ninety-four percent of patients had biopsy proven disease, the remainder refused. The median biologic effective dose (BED) for the cohort was 100 Gy (range, 78-180 Gy). Recurrence was defined clinically by RECIST and FDG-PET or by pathologic diagnosis. Results: The estimated median survival for the entire cohort was 29.2 months (range, 1 – 40.3). The estimated 2 year overall survival (OS) was 65%. The 2 year local recurrence free survival, locoregional recurrence free survival and distant metastatic free survival were 89%, 78% and 72%, respectively. Of those with locoregional failure, ten were treated with salvage SBRT at a median time of 10 months from prior SBRT. Six patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy and 2 patients were offered palliative care. All patients treated with salvage SBRT remained controlled at a median time of 12 months. Treatment was well tolerated with 2 patients experiencing grade 2 pneumonitis, 1 patient experiencing grade 3 chest wall pain and 1 with rib fracture. OS was compared between 3 subgroups: no locoregional failure (n = 65), locoregional failure without SBRT salvage (n = 7) and locoregional failure with SBRT salvage (n = 10). The estimated median survival 31.3 months, 14.3 months and 29.9 months, respectively ( p = 0.007). Conclusion: In our single institution patient cohort, SBRT in the salvage setting for locoregional recurrences after initial definitive SBRT for early-stage NSCLC is a potential option. Additional prospective data is needed.
The characterization of novel dispersants, fluorinated surfactants, and modified natural oils by laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LD-FTICR-MS)

Abstract Laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LD-FTICR-MS) with potassium cationization is a valuable technique for the characterization of a variety of industrial materials. Commercial products can be analyzed, with minimal sample preparation, in under twenty minutes. Poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether styrene oligomers and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene oxide copolymers are characterized by LD-FTICR-MS. Molecular weight and chemical composition distribution data are provided. Limitations of the technique are also explored. Virgin and modified natural oils are well characterized by LD-FTICR-MS. The degree of chemical modification is easily measured. Higher resolving powers allow identification of constituents of the oils.
Refereed paper: On probabilities of hash value matches

Hash functions are used in authentication and cryptography, as well as for the efficient storage and retrieval of data using hashed keys. Hash functions are susceptible to undesirable collisions. To design or choose an appropriate hash function for an application, it is essential to estimate the probabilities with which these collisions can occur. In this paper we consider two problems: one of evaluating the probability of no collision at all and one of finding a bound for the probability of a collision with a particular hash value. The quality of these estimates under various values of the parameters is also discussed.
Group Therapy With Chronic Pain Patients

Abstract This article describes the role of the psychotherapist in group-therapy sessions for chronic pain patients, and points out the differences in that role for inpatient and outpatient groups. The authors discuss the topics most frequently raised by patients in therapy groups at Johns Hopkins Hospital. They con clude that long-term (outpatient) group therapy offers a very effi aent and productive use of the physician's time when treating chronic pain patients.
Hand Preference in the Use of Tools by Infant Baboons (Papio Cynocephalus Anubis)

Hand preference in the use of tools was examined in a peer group of five infant baboons, Papio cynocephalus anubis. Hand preference was noted for all subjects on a sponging task and for one subject on a probing task. The baboons exhibited the highest percentage of bimanual actions on the initial segment of each three-component task. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that immature nonhuman primates exhibit lateral asymmetries when they use tools and bimanual coordination when they perform complex manipulative tasks.
Lasing without inversion in double quantum wells controlled by a dc field

We present what is to our knowledge the first result for dc-field-induced lasing without inversion in double quantum wells including quantum coherence and interference. A three-subband system with two lower tunneling-split subbands coupled by the dc field is studied. The important role of the dc field in realizing lasing without inversion is demonstrated. The Coulomb renormalization of electron energy is considered. The many-body theory is employed to include the screening and excitonic shifts.
Effects of lesions in the cingulate gyrus on the response to tooth pulp stimulation in the cat

Abstract Ten cats were trained to cross a barrier in a conventional jumpbox apparatus. Subsequently, bilateral electrolytic lesions were stereotactically placed in the various components of the cingulate gyrus. The animals were once again subjected to the training protocol and the effects of the lesions were ascertained. Based on the manner in which behavior was modified, an attempt was made to correlate a specific cingulate structure with one of two functions of the cingulate gyrus, i.e., with either its emotional or suppressive activities. It was observed that destructon of the cingulum fasciculus raised the threshold of an animal's reactions to tooth-pulp stimulation. The length of time that such an effect persisted was directly related to the extent of cingulum damage. This suggested that cingulum interruption modified functions related to the sphere of emotion. Destruction of any or all of the components of the cingulate gyrus, excluding the cingulum, had the effect of lowering the threshold of the cats' reaction to toothpulp stimulation. This was of such a nature as to imply that this part of the gyrus may be involved in suppressive activities.
Further studies of the regimes of fluidization

Abstract As the velocity of a gas flowing across a bubbling fluidized bed is slowly raised, the heterogeneous structure of the bed first peaks, then changes gradually to a condition of increasing uniformity culminating in the turbulent state where on the whole large discrete bubbles or voids are absent. The turbulent regime extends to the transport velocity, beyond which solid fed to the bottom of a vertical vessel traverses it in fully entrained flow and the concentration of the resulting suspension depends not only on the velocity of the gas but also on the solid flow rate. If the solid rate is low, dilute-phase flow results; if the solid rate is sufficiently high, then it is possible to maintain in the vessel a high solid concentration typical of the fast fluidized bed. This paper presents data, obtained with several solids in cold model rigs, which serve to delineate the fluidization regimes noted above and their boundaries. The results also throw light on the phenomenon of choking.
A phase II trial of surgical resection and adjuvant high-dose hemithoracic radiation for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Abstract Background: Surgical resection of malignant pleural mesothelioma is reported to have up to an 80% rate of local recurrence. We performed a phase II trial of high-dose hemithoracic radiation after complete resection to determine feasibility and to estimate rates of local recurrence and survival. Methods: Patients were eligible if they had a resectable tumor, as determined by computed tomographic scanning, and adequate cardiopulmonary function for extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication. After complete resection, patients received hemithoracic radiation (54 Gy) and then were followed up with serial computed tomographic scanning. Results: From 1995 to 1998, 88 patients (73 men and 15 women; median age, 62.5 years) were entered into the study. The operations performed included 62 extrapleural pneumonectomies (70%) and 5 pleurectomies/decortications; procedures for exploration only were performed in 21 patients. Seven (7.9%) patients died postoperatively. Adjuvant radiation administered to 57 patients (54 undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy and 3 undergoing pleurectomy/decortication) at a median dose of 54 Gy was well tolerated (grade 0-2 fatigue, esophagitis), except for one late esophageal fistula. The median survival was 33.8 months for stage I and II tumors but only 10 months for stage III and IV tumors ( P =.04). For the patients undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy, the sites of recurrence were locoregional in 2, locoregional and distant in 5, and distant only in 30. Conclusion: Hemithoracic radiation after complete surgical resection at a dose not previously reported is feasible. This approach dramatically reduces local recurrence and is associated with prolonged survival for early-stage tumors. Stage III disease has a high risk of early distant relapse and should be considered for trials of systemic therapy added to this regimen of resection and radiation.
On the covariance properties of certain multiscale spatial processes

Abstract We consider the class of multiscale spatial process models introduced by Kolaczyk and Huang Geographical Analysis 33, (2001) 95–118. Recursive expressions are provided for the spatial covariance matrices generally, and a particularly simple closed-form expression is found to obtain for the corresponding eigenvalues for a sub-class of these processes.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PRETREATMENT AONG CONTEMPORARY ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS TREATED WITH PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRANSLATE-ACS STUDY

A recent trial showed increased major bleeding with no efficacy difference between pretreatment with prasugrel versus prasugrel use during PCI in NSTEMI patients. Outcomes associated with thienopyridine pretreatment vs use during PCI were evaluated in MI pts undergoing PCI in routine practice. In 9
Ceramic microreactors for on-site hydrogen production from high temperature steam reforming of propane

The steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels is a promising method for the production of hydrogen for portable electrical power sources. A suitable reactor for this application, however, must be compatible with temperatures above 800 °C to avoid coking of the catalytic structures during the reforming process. Here, ceramic microreactors comprising high surface area, tailored macroporous SiC porous monoliths coated with ruthenium (Ru) catalyst and integrated within high-density alumina reactor housings were used for the steam reforming of propane into hydrogen at temperatures between 800 and 1000 °C. We characterized these microreactors by studying C3H8 conversion, H2 selectivity, and product stream composition as a function of the total inlet flow rate, steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C), and temperature. As much as 18.2 sccm H2, or 3.3 × 104 sccm H2 per cm3 of monolith volume, was obtained from a 3.5 sccm entering stream of C3H8 at a S/C of 1.095 and temperatures greater than 900 °C. Operating at a S/C close to 1 reduces the energy required to heat excess steam to the reaction temperature and improves the overall thermal efficiency of the fuel processor. Kinetic analysis using a power law model showed reaction orders of 0.50 and −0.23 with respect to propane and steam, respectively, indicating that the rate limiting step in the steam reforming reaction is the dissociative adsorption of propane on the Ru catalyst. The performance of the microreactor was not affected after exposure to more than 15 thermal cycles at temperatures as high as 1000 °C, and no catalyst deactivation was observed after more than 120 h of continuous operation at 800 °C, making these ceramic microreactors promising for efficient on-site hydrogen production from hydrocarbons for use in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.
Response to Zhang: another trick of heavy isotopes

Zhang's letter raises an interesting topic, partially discussed in Shchepinov's papers on the possible application of heavy isotopes to prevent ageing [1,2]. The concept is to use the deuteration of DNA purines and pyrimidines to slow down their tautomeric transformations, and thereby slow the rate of mutations. To achieve this, Zhang proposes replacing the exchangeable hydrogen atoms with deuterium atoms [3]. As in vitro experiments demonstrated, this might result in a large kinetic isotope effect (KIE) [4], thus considerably reducing the amount of unfavorable tautomers.
Transmission of a Transient electromagnetic plane wave through a grating of circular cylinders

An analysis of the transmission of a transient electromagnetic plane wave through a grating formed by an infinite array of circular cylinders is presented. Emphasis is placed on the transient shielding characteristics of the grating for various cylinder spacings and angles of incidence. The transient results are obtained by first obtaining analytical experssions for the fields in the frequency domain and then performing a numerical inverse Fourier transformation. Some physical interpretations of the shielding effectiveness of the grating are given.
Absorption of acoustic waves by sunspots. II - Resonance absorption in axisymmetric fibril models

Observations of the scattering of acoustic waves by sunspots show a substantial deficit in scattered power relative to incident power. A number of calculations have attempted to model this process in terms of absorption at the magnetohydrodynamic Alfven resonance. The results presented here extend these calculations to the case of a highly structured axisymmetric translationally invariant flux-tube embedded in a uniform atmosphere. The fractional energy absorbed is calculated for models corresponding to flux-tubes of varying radius, mean flux-density and location below the photosphere. The effects of twist are also included.
Finding 2-edge connected spanning subgraphs

This paper studies the NP-hard problem of finding a minimum size 2-edge connected spanning subgraph (2-ECSS). An algorithm is given that on an r-edge connected input graph G=(V,E) finds a 2-ECSS of size at most |V|+(|E|-|V|)/(r-1). For r-regular, r-edge connected input graphs for r=3, 4, 5 and 6, this gives approximation guarantees of 54,43,118 and 75, respectively.
Resuscitation fluids for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock in dogs: effects on myocardial blood flow and oxygen transport.

Background and methods The efficacy of using colloids vs. crystalloids in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock remains controversial. An important aspect in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock is the reestablishment of normal myocardial blood flow after fluid resuscitation. This study, therefore, was designed to investigate the effect of resuscitation with different plasma substitutes on myocardial blood flow and oxygen transport after acute hemorrhage in dogs. Forty-three dogs were anesthetized and bled into a heparinized Wiggers' reservoir to a mean arterial pressure of 35 mm Hg. The animals were maintained at this level of hypotension for 90 mins, whereupon the animals were infused with one of five randomly selected fluids: a) succinylated gelatin (Gelofusine); b) urea-linked gelatin (Haemaccel); c) 6% hetastarch (Hespan); d) lactated Ringer's solution; or e) shed blood. Myocardial blood flow was measured using the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Results Resuscitation with succinylated gelatin, urea-linked gelatin, and hetastarch resulted in significant hemodilution. However, infusion of these fluids resulted in a compensatory hyperemia that increased myocardial blood flow and maintained oxygen transport at preshock values. No hyperemia was observed with reinfusion of shed blood. Resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution produced significant hemodilution without hyperemia and, consequently, a significant decrease in oxygen transport. Conclusions These results suggest that in lieu of blood, the artificial colloids are more effective than crystalloids in restoring myocardial blood flow and oxygen transport after acute experimental hemorrhage in dogs.
The effect of cloud layer plane albedo on global and diffuse insolation

Abstract The effect of the cloud layer plane albedo is overlooked in correlations of diffuse and global components of insolation. We calculate diffuse and global insolation for cloud-free conditions. These are used in conjunction with observations to determine the effect of the cloud albedo. With this effect removed we then derive relationships for the global and diffuse insolation, as fractions of the cloud-free global radiation, as functions of the average daily cloud cover.
Active control of jet mixing

A control law to improve jet flow mixing is presented. The control law employs a pair of actuators at the jet nozzle exit that act on the shear layers near the corners by blowing and subtracting fluid in an anti-symmetric fashion and a sensor downstream or at the nozzle exit with a time delay that measures the pressure difference across the nozzle diameter. A 2-D jet flow is numerically simulated along with massless/mass particles and a passive scalar. The mixing enhancement produced by these controllers is demonstrated visually by snapshots of the vorticity, streaklines, particle distribution and scalar field. Probability function for the particles and the scalar field are constructed, which serve as an index of mixing quality and the effectiveness of the controllers. This closed-loop control law successfully alters the jet flow and improves the mixing of particles with mass and passive scalar.
Effects of ultrasonic treatments on the polyphenol and antioxidant content of spinach extracts.

Abstract The objective was to test ultrasound treatments on spinach leaves during extraction, and conventional extraction was used as a control. The effects of different combinations of the ultrasonic water bath factors tested on phenolic compound yields included frequency (37 and 80 kHz), exposure time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min), temperature (30, 40, and 50 °C), and ultrasonic power (30%, 50%, and 70%). The best conditions for extraction yields were ultrasonic frequency of 37 kHz, extraction time of 30 min, reaction temperature of 40 °C, and ultrasonic power of 50%. The mean yield (mg/100 g), total phenol (mg gallic acid/g DW), flavonoids (mg/g DW), % DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, and % ferric reducing antioxidant power were all high (64.88 ± 21.84, 33.96 ± 11.30, 27.37 ± 11.85, 64.18 ± 16.69 and 70.25 ± 9.68). Treatments were significantly different. The interaction among the ultrasonic parameters was significant. Temperature and power had significant effects on all other dependent variables.
Stabilization of an excess electron on uracil by water. Ab initio study

Experiments performed on the uracil anion in the gaseous phase indicated that in this system the excess electron is dipole-bound. The experiments, however, also indicated that water solvation changes the character of the anion from dipole-bound to covalent. In this work we have used ab initio theoretical calculations to investigate the stabilization effect that the attachment of one or two water molecules has on the electron attached to uracil. The calculations concern both dipole-bound and covalently-bound electrons and reveal rich configurational isomerism of the complex of the uracil anion with H2O molecules. The systems differ in terms of the structure of the solvation cluster formed around the excess electron.
Investigation of Strain Hardening in NiAl Single Crystals Using Three-Dimensional FEA Models

Single crystals of NiAl are very ductile at intermediate temperatures (400-700 K) and were observed to exhibit high strain hardening rates at large strains when loaded in the [110] orientation. The experimentally observed strain hardening in NiAl single crystals could not be predicted using simple hardening models and two-dimensional finite element analysis. The primary slip systems that activate during the deformation are (010)[100] and (100)[100], however, it has been hypothesized that activation of secondary slip on (011) slip planes may be responsible for the high rate of hardening observed. The hardening of intermetallic single crystals when multiple slip systems are activated is not well understood. To study this further, a three-dimensional hardening model and constitutive equations were implemented into a finite element analysis program. Since the parameters required to describe the hardening model such as latent hardening ratios are difficult to obtain experimentally, a parametric study was conducted to estimate values for these parameters that enable the prediction of the experimentally observed load versus elongation curves.
Computer assistance of social science writing

Abstract Word processing does not address many of the needs of social science writers. Newer forms of computer assistance, such as hypertext, outlining, and text management software which are useful make certain assumptions about analysis, linear versus nonlinear thinking, and their phenomenology. Each is limited in relation to organizing ideas, which is a critical aspect of writing in social sciences. More salient software requires management of “ideabases”.
Economic Feasibility of Introducing Trolly Assisted Haulage to an Australian Open Pit Mine

ABSTRACT The paper presents results of the study which evaluated feasibility of introducing a trolley assisted haulage system to an Australian open pit mine. The study compared expected performance of the trolley system, an updated version of the systems used in several South African mines, to that of the fleet of mechanical drive trucks used by the mine at present leading to definition of site specific conditions under which the trolley system may become economically feasible.
Electromagnetic field energy in dispersive materials

A general expression for the electromagnetic energy density in a lossy dispersive medium, applicable for a field having a narrow temporal frequency bandwidth, is derived and compared with exact results for an example dielectric constant. Consequently, the possibility of negative time-averaged stored field energy is shown to have physical meaning. This observation is of interest in the study of dispersive metamaterials, such as those which can exhibit a negative refractive index.
Current trends in fuel development and future needs in extended burnup

Abstract In this paper, the status of fuel development programs for light water commercial reactors is reviewed. New fuel designs for extended burnup fuel cycles are considered along with the current emphasis on increasing the reliability of commercial fuel. The needs for fuel performance modeling in support of extended burnup and higher reliability are summarized.
Recursive Prediction and Likelihood Evaluation for Periodic ARMA Models

This paper explores recursive prediction and likelihood evaluation techniques for periodic autoregressive moving-average (PARMA) time series models. The innovations algorithm is used to develop a simple recursive scheme for computing one-step-ahead predictors and their mean squared errors. The asymptotic form of this recursion is explored. The prediction results are then used to develop an efficient (and exact) PARMA likelihood evaluation algorithm for Gaussian series. We then show how a multivariate autoregressive moving average (ARMA) likelihood can be evaluated by writing the multivariate ARMA model in PARMA form. Explicit calculations for PARMA(1, 1) models and periodic autoregressions are included.
Approaches to Modeling the Adoption and Diffusion of Policies with Multiple Components

Scholars have begun to move beyond the dichotomous dependent variable–indicating whether a state adopts a policy or not in a given year–usually employed in event history analysis. In particular, th...
Adenine nucleotide binding and photoincorporation in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelets

Abstract Adenosine 5′-(1-thiotriphosphate) (ATPαS) binds to about 25 000 high affinity sites in platelets ( K d ∼ 3 nM), competes fully in inhibiting the binding of ADP and, despite the absence of a specific photoactivatable substituent, is directly photoincorporated into a specific 18 kDa domain beginning at Tyr-198 in the α chain of glycoprotein IIb (GPIIba) following ultraviolet irradiation of fresh unfixed platelets (Greco et al. 1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13627–13633). 8-azido ATP has now been shown to have similar binding parameters ( K d 8 nM, 20000 sites/platelet) but, in this case, photoincorporation occurred equally in GPIIb and GPIIIa. To determine the possible function of GPIIba in ADP-induced activation, platelets were isolated from two Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients whose platelets contain ∼6% of normal levels of GPIIb. ADP and ATPaS bound to intact, formaldehyde-fixed Glanzmann's platelets at high affinity sites with dissociation constants of ∼30 nM and ∼2 nM, respectively. Both nucleotides also bound to low affinity sites with dissociation constants of ∼2 μM: these values are similar to those obtained with control platelets. ATPαS antagonized the shape ADP-induced shape change response of Glanzmann's platelets (EC 50 5 μM) indicating that it bound to the P 2T (ADP) receptor. However, photoincorporation was low (∼7% of control) similar to their content of GPIIba. These results show that ADP binding and photoincorporation are occurring at different sites on the platelet surface but suggest that the ADP binding site may be located in proximity to GPIIbα.
Serum δ-aminolevulinic acid in plumbism

Blood lead and serum δ-aminolevulinic acid levels were determined in groups of children with increased lead absorption, lead intoxication, and lead encephalopathy. Although blood lead values tended to be higher in children with intoxication, they tended to overlap those of patients with increased absorption but without intoxication. Serum δ-aminolevulinic acid was consistently higher in patients with overt toxicity, with almost no overlapping of values. Blood lead and serum δ-aminolevulinic acid levels were both markedly elevated in patients with encephalopathy. Lead and δ-aminolevulinic acid values failed to correlate well. Cerebrospinal fluid δ-aminolevulinic acid values were consistently lower than serum values. It is concluded that serum δ-aminolevulinic determinations are valuable in selecting infants who are intoxicated from those exposed to increased amounts of lead.
Persistent CNS dysfunction in a boy with CMT1X.

Abstract Objective X-linked Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT1X) is a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy caused by mutations in the GJB1 gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin 32 (Cx32). Some GJB1 mutations have been reported to cause transient clinical CNS dysfunction. We report a boy with persistent CNS abnormalities possibly caused by CMT1X. Methods A five year old boy was evaluated by clinical, electrophysiological, MRI and genetic testing. Results The patient's early motor milestones were normal to age 5 months. His subsequent course was one of slow improvement punctuated by brief periods of loss of ability to sit between age 5 and 10 months, loss of language between 12 months and 2 years and 1 episode of non-clinically observed resolved left-sided facial weakness. At age 5, he had truncal instability, appendicular ataxia, and dysarthric speech. Cognition was normal. He had mild toe weakness and intrinsic muscle atrophy. MRI evaluation was abnormal. Electrophysiologic testing revealed slowed motor conduction velocities and sensory responses of low amplitude. Genetic workup was normal excepting a novel missense mutation in GJB1 , causing a p.54N > H substitution. Conclusion The patient has persistent CNS abnormalities characterized by dysarthria and ataxia. These are similar to transient CNS abnormalities reported in patients with CMT1X. These CNS findings may be the direct result of his novel Cx32 mutation.
Zinkdiäthyl. Reinigung, Eigenschaften, Handhabung

Nachdem Zinkdiathyl durch Fraktionierung in einem Vakuumapparat gereinigt und analysiert war, wurden Dampfdichte, Flussigkeitsdichte, Dampfdruckkurve, Siedepunkt und Schmelzpunkt bestimmt. Eine brauchbare Methode zum Aufbewahren und zur quantitativen Handhabung von Zinkdiathyl ist beschrieben worden.
Direct attention training as a treatment for reading impairment in mild aphasia

Background: Although a variety of interventions for acquired reading disorders have been described in the aphasia literature, most have been designed for severe impairments. Individuals with mildly impaired reading characterised by inconsistent comprehension problems and/or by slower and variable reading rates, do not seem to benefit as much from these treatment approaches. These difficulties suggest relatively intact constituent reading processes that may be functioning inefficiently. Attentional deficits have been described in individuals with a variety of reading disabilities including acquired dyslexia. Although the treatment of nonlinguistic cognitive abilities such as attention has been suggested as an approach to improving language function in aphasia, little evidence exists documenting the treatment effectiveness of such interventions for aphasia in general, or reading in particular.Aims: The present study is a case report of an individual with mild aphasia whose primary complaint was reading diff...
Contingency planning management for small to medium digital media producers

Small to medium sized businesses in digital media production, such as video, audio, and photography, can benefit from contingency planning. Though the size of the company may require owners, management, and employees to play multiple roles in the process, it is very important for such businesses to be prepared to respond to and recover form incidents and disasters. The digital content and files are the companies product, and therefore biggest business asset. Management should process each step of business contingency planning, modifying assessments to cater to their personal needs. Management is responsible for communicating policy and overseeing contingency planning.
An introduction to performance debugging for parallel computers

Programming parallel computers for performance is a difficult task that requires careful attention to both single-node performance and data exchange between processors. This chapter discusses some of the sources of poor performance, ways to identify them in an application, and a few ways to address these issues.
Language, Duality, and Bastardy in English Renaissance Drama

AbstractReferences to bastardy and illegitimacy in English Renaissance drama often point to ideas and verbal constructions rather than people, thus allowing such tropes to serve as linguistic doubles to the phenomenon of actual bastardy. By figuring language and thoughts as illegitimate, these locutions displace or confuse a discourse of blood lineage and social status with one that registers uneasiness about the derivation of ideas and their expression. This fantasized genealogy of bastard conceptions and their linguistic progeny signals the mind's growing alienation from the body and reveals an incipient Cartesian separation of the two. As the theater provides a spectacle of words bodied forth, it is often the drama of the early modern period that most strikingly enacts this developing duality so characteristic of modern subjectivity: the movement of language toward a realm imagined to be incorporeal.
Managing the microcomputer movement on campus

Abstract The microcomputer revolution is beginning to have a significant impact on colleges throughout the U.S. and Canada. The proliferation of microcomputer labs, found in 90 percent of 210 schools participating in this study, affects faculty, curricula, students, and the administrators who must manage them. This article examines the current and projected hardware and software needs of colleges. It also addresses the agenda of how to manage and control the expensive and rapidly expanding microcomputer resource.
Reduced order modeling and experimental validation of steady turbulent convection in connected domains

The characterization and design of complex thermo/fluid electronics systems such as electronic racks requires attention to multiple length scales and transport phenomena, including conduction at the chip package level and convection at rack level. Detailed numerical calculations or experimental measurements are often time consuming and computationally expensive or simply infeasible. An efficient strategy to bridge length scales in multi-scale characterization is presented. Reduced order models for various system components obtained using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are assembled to model the complete system through flow network modeling (FNM). Boundary profile capturing capability at the interfaces of components is incorporated into the flux matching based POD approach, without introducing extra computation. The simulation errors of the component reduced order models are within 7.4% for temperature, velocity and pressure fields, compared to full-field computational simulations. Assembled component models result in a 12% error norm at the system level. Experimental validation with a representative electronic cabinet shows a difference of less than 10% in chip junction temperatures prediction.
Reformulation of the Design Procedure for Aggregate-Surfaced Airfield Pavements

AbstractDuring military contingency operations, aircraft are required to land, taxi, and takeoff on unpaved surfaces. In some cases, operational time limitations do not allow for the construction o...
Effects of temperature elevation on mRNA and protein synthesis in Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.

Abstract The transition from the promastigote stage to the amastigote stage in Leishmania appears to involve a sequence of steps which enable the parasite to adapt to its new environment. In this study, transformation from the promastigote to an amastigote-like stage was induced by temperature elevation and the effects on protein synthesis and the mRNA population were analyzed. Whereas significant changes in the polypeptide complement of the cell were observed, few, if any, changes were seen at the level of the mRNAs as determined by translation in a cell-free system. Increasing the growth temperature caused a rapid cessation of β-tubulin synthesis but the abundance and sizes of mRNAs specific for β-tubulin were unaltered. These data suggest that the regulation of β-tubulin under these conditions is occurring at the level of translation.
Virus/Allergen Interactions in Asthma

Understanding the underlying mechanisms that cause and exacerbate allergic asthmatic disease is of great clinical interest. Clinical studies have revealed that allergies and viral respiratory illnesses are strongly linked to the inception and exacerbation of asthma, and suggest the possibility that there are interactive inflammatory mechanisms. Recent work has revealed a number of mechanisms of virus and allergen cross-talk that may play a role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, including (1) deficiency in virus-induced interferon responses, (2) defective epithelial barrier function, (3) increased release of epithelium-derived cytokines (e.g., thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33), (4) dysregulation of lymphocytes [e.g., innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs)], and (5) altered activation of purinergic receptors. One or more of these processes may provide targets for new therapeutics to treat allergic asthma and prevent disease exacerbation.
Approach-Motivated Positive Affect Reduces Breadth of Attention

Research has found that positive affect broadens attention. However, these studies have manipulated positive affect that is low in approach motivation. Positive affect that is high in approach motivation should reduce the breadth of attention, as organisms shut out irrelevant stimuli as they approach desired objects. Four studies examined the attentional consequences of approach-motivated positive-affect states. Results were consistent with predictions. Participants showed less global attentional focus after viewing high-approach-motivating positive stimuli than after viewing low-approach-motivating positive stimuli (Study 1) or neutral stimuli (Study 2). Study 3 found that greater trait approach motivation resulted in less global attentional focus after participants viewed approach-motivating positive stimuli. Study 4 manipulated affect and approach motivation independently. Greater approach-motivated positive affect caused lower global focus. High-approach-motivated positive affect reduces global attent...
Plants and the Logic of Development

It seems likely that plants and animals have independently evolved multicellular development. Members of each kingdom are composed of different types of eukaryotic cells, implying that the two kingdoms diverged when their common eukaryotic ancestor was unicellular and that each lineage had a considerable unicellular history after they separated. This indicates that each kingdom separately evolved its mechanisms of cellular differentiation and cell-cell communication. This in turn raises a series of questions: do land plants and metazoans use the same fundamental mechanisms of development and perhaps even the same genes for similar processes, or has independent evolution of development meant the invention of completely different ways of doing things? Is there only one way to evolve a developmental system, or more than one? Is more than one type of multicellular development even possible?
Primary Carcinoma of the Liver with Hypoglycemia

A survey of the literature reveals that cases of primary carcinoma of the liver are not uncommon, although the clinical diagnosis is difficult. It is infrequently made except by an exploratory operation or at post-mortem examination. The incidence of this lesion associated with hypoglycemia is, on the other hand, exceedingly rare. Boyce and McFetridge (1) in a recent review report 28 cases of carcinoma of the liver, making the total available in print at the present time well over six hundred. Yet among this number are only two cases of primary liver-cell carcinoma associated with hypoglycemia. One of these is reported by Crawford (2), the other by Elliott (3) and by Nadler and Wolfer (4). It is our purpose to review the literature on this subject briefly and to add to it a single case of this syndrome. The case reported by Nadler and Wolfer (4) was that of a thirty-year-old colored male with the diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the liver proved by exploratory operation. Attacks similar to insulin shock were frequent, and were associated with an average blood sugar of less than 50 mg. per cent. Hourly feedings of 18 gm. glucose in addition to a basic diet furnishing 440 gm. of carbohydrate were necessary to keep the patient alive. The man lived slightly over three months. At autopsy a tumor replacing more than 70 per cent of the liver substance was found. Metastases were present in the lungs and in the mediastinal nodes. The pancreas showed no pathologic changes and on analysis contained a low percentage of insulin. Neither insulin nor glycogen was extracted from the tumor, and the liver tissue contained only 0.8 per cent glycogen. The tumor cell was reported as polyhedral, smaller and darker than the liver cell. The cells were arranged in cords and masses about vascular sinuses and were supported by a fine fibrous stroma.
Wireless Sensor Networks in the control loop: Delay-sensitive networks

Traditional short-range wireless network standards, such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4, do not consider packets according to their delay deadlines and they treat the packets all the same regardless of these requirements. In this document, we propose a cross-layer architecture where the application using the wireless medium associates each packet it is pushing down the communication stack with a delay requirement. We propose two new mechanisms: ER (Early Retirement) and PHY+. These mechanisms utilize the deadline associated with each packet for further transmission and redundancy optimization. In our simulations, we focus on the Wireless Sensor Networks domain and apply our methods as an extension to the well-known and widely acceptable low-power, low-throughput IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Simulations performed showed that our mechanisms outperform the original standard considerably, especially in situations where high numbers of users exist in the system.
Statistics and Dynamics of Polymer Molecules in Solution

This chapter is intended to serve two purposes. First, it offers a short commentary on theoretical material that can be used as a background for much of the experimental and theoretical discussion given in subsequent chapters. It is aimed at scholars with a serious interest in polymer theory, but not particularly familiar with its development. The coverage is not exhaustive, nor is this chapter intended to be a full-scale technical review. Rather, the intent is to offer a view of the mathematical and physical underpinnings upon which current theoretical and experimental methods are built. Much of the material is thus found in various treatises, the earliest now being almost a classic.1–3 Little is said here about the newer theoretical developments. These subjects will be introduced at the appropriate places in subsequent chapters, and have been recently reviewed.4,5
Effect of Injections of Testosterone Propionate on a Male Subject with Nephrotic Syndrome1

DURING the active phase of the chronic nephrotic syndrome loss of protein in the urine is a factor in lowering the plasma proteins to the edema level (1). Another possibile cause is partial failure of albumin production (2). Careful attention to dietary protein and caloric intake, when supplemented by judicious restriction of salt and water, may do much to improve general nutrition (3–6) and control edema. Such measures are not very effective in maintaining an adequate level of plasma albumin but do offset serious inroads on tissue proteins. In seeking for more active stimulation of the protein anabolism of these individuals, one's attention is naturally drawn to certain remarkable effects of some of the androgenic steroids. It is now a well-established fact that testosterone acetate or propionate will cause retention of considerable amounts of nitrogen in the dog (7,8) and also in man (9–12). In some experiments of our own (unpublished data) this effect has continued for as long as 80 days and the retent...
Lives Through The Years Revisited

Williams and Wirths' distinctly sociological study of older adults provides a useful insight into the theory and methods of early interdisciplinary research on social aspects of adulthood and aging in the United States. The Kansas City Study of Adult Life, particularly the concept of disengagement developed there, figured prominently for two decades in theoretical discussions of development in later life. In this sociological presentation, Parsonian action theory is used to develop a framework for assessing the structured interaction of persons and social context, and the autonomy and persistence of life styles which provide a basis for predicting successful aging.
Analysis of elasmoid fish imbricated layered scale-tissue systems and their bio-inspired analogues at finite strains and bending

We examine deformation mechanisms and performance of multilayered structures inspired by imbricated scale-tissue systems of elasmoid fish. Exact analytical solutions are derived for these soft composite structures undergoing finite deformation in compressive and bending loading conditions. The layered structure leads to dramatic coupled shear-compressive deformations which afford distinct and advantageous behaviours in compression and bending. The existence of super-flexible behaviours is found for particular structural configurations. The influence of the geometrical parameters on the composite performance is rigorously analysed.
New insight into rectal function in pediatric defecation disorders: disturbed rectal compliance is an essential mechanism in pediatric constipation.

Objective To evaluate rectal sensitivity in patients with pediatric constipation (PC) and nonretentive fecal soiling (FNRFS) using pressure-controlled distention (barostat). Study design Thresholds for rectal sensitivity (first sensation, urge to defecate, and pain), and rectal compliance were determined using a barostat. Results A total of 69 patients with PC (50 males; mean age, 10.9 ± 2.2 years) and 19 patients with FNRFS (15 males; mean age, 10.0 ± 1.9 years) were compared with 22 healthy volunteers (HVs) (11 males; mean age, 12.7 ± 2.6 years). Sensitivity thresholds were not significantly different among the 3 groups. Rectal compliance was increased in 58% of the patients with PC ( P Conclusions Increased compliance is the most prominent feature in patients with PC. Because of higher compliance in these children, larger stool volumes are required to reach the intrarectal pressure of the urge to defecate. Children with FNRFS have normal rectal function.
Evaluation of behavioral impulsivity and aggression tasks as endophenotypes for borderline personality disorder.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is marked by aggression and impulsive, often self-destructive behavior. Despite the severe risks associated with BPD, relatively little is known about the disorder's eti- ology. Identification of genetic correlates (endophenotypes) of BPD would improve the prospects of tar- geted interventions for more homogeneous subsets of borderline patients characterized by specific genetic vulnerabilities. The current study evaluated behavioral measures of aggression and impulsivity as potential endophenotypes for BPD. Subjects with BPD (N = 127), a non cluster B personality disorder (OPD N = 122), or healthy volunteers (HV N = 112) completed self report and behavioral measures of aggression, motor impulsivity and cognitive impulsivity. Results showed that BPD subjects demonstrated more aggression and motor impulsivity than HV (but not OPD) subjects on behavioral tasks. In contrast, BPD subjects self-reported more impulsivity and aggression than either comparison group. Subsequent analyses showed that among BPD subjects behavioral aggression was associated with self-reported aggression, while behavioral and self-report impulsivity measures were more modestly associated. Over- all, the results provide partial support for the use of behavioral measures of aggression and motor impul- sivity as endophenotypes for BPD, with stronger support for behavioral aggression measures as an endophenotype for aggression within BPD samples.