cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Logic simulation of RSFQ circuits

It is shown how to modify a conventional logic editor-simulator to make it suitable for design of rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits containing thousands of Josephson junctions. The key new component of the simulator is a library of RSFQ cells. This library has been developed based on an original representation of timing constraints in RSFQ of these constraints. The extended tool supports detection and location of logic design errors in an RSFQ circuit, estimation of circuit speed and throughput, and optimization of the general architecture of the circuit and its synchronization scheme. It is shown how the RSFQ editor-simulator has been employed for designing a decimation filter, a component of a digital signal processing chip currently under development at the University of Rochester. >
Image-based Assessment of Cortical Bone

Recent advances in solid-state MRI now allow detection and quantification of key constituents of cortical bone in situ and in vivo. These comprise water in the various compartments, as well as matrix and mineral components. The importance of the new capabilities is that they permit probing the chemical composition and ultrastructure of cortical bone, both of which are known to be predictive of the bone's mechanical properties and of fracture incidence in patients with metabolic and degenerative bone disease. This brief article reviews the ultrashort echo time (UTE) methods and soft-tissue suppression techniques used for quantitative imaging of cortical bone. Of particular interest is the measurement of cortical bone water content and the separation of the two major fractions assignable to pore and collagen-bound water. Pore water fraction yields cortical porosity without the need to spatially resolve the pores, thereby providing a means to assess a parameter that affects the bone's mechanical competence. A similar methodology enables quantification of matrix density, whereas solid-state 31P MRI allows measurement of mineral content. While the methods reviewed are still in their infancy, translation to the clinic appears feasible. Keywords: solid-state MRI; cortical bone; ultrashort echo time; 31P MRI; soft tissue suppression; radial imaging; 31P relaxation; bone water
The Impact of Communal Knowledge Repositories and People-Based Knowledge Management on Perceptions of Team Effectiveness

Managers have increasingly implemented knowledge databases and knowledge-sharing training to improve team effectiveness. The authors examine whether intranet-based repository use and perception of accurate team knowledge of who knows what were related to perceived team effectiveness. They found that the perception that one's team had accurate who-knows-what knowledge is positively related to perceived team effectiveness. Repository use is not positively related to perceived team effectiveness. Remote work and tenure are not significant moderators of these relationships. These findings imply that perception of an accurate cognitive map of who knows what is more important to perceived team effectiveness than accessing information from repositories, regardless of remote work status or organizational tenure.
Impact of feeding whole Upland cottonseed, with or without cracked Pima cottonseed with increasing addition of iron sulfate, on milk and milk fat composition of lactating dairy cattle

Abstract Primiparous and multiparous lactating Holstein cows were fed one of four diets containing either whole Upland cottonseed (WCS) or cracked Pima cottonseed (CrP), the latter with two levels of iron sulfate. Effects of supplemental iron sulfate, and the impact of substitution of 2/3 of the WCS with CrP, on milk and milk fat composition were determined. All diets contained 490 g/kg concentrate, 100 g/kg cottonseed and 410 g/kg chopped alfalfa hay on a dry matter basis. The cottonseed portion of the WCS diet contained only WCS and the other three diets contained 67 g/kg CrP and 33 g/kg WCS. Diets containing CrP were supplemented with 0, 250 or 500 mg Fe (from iron sulfate)/kg of diet. Four primiparous and four multiparous cows were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 28-day periods. Yields of milk and milk components were not affected by substitution of WCS with CrP cottonseed, but they declined linearly with increasing level of dietary iron sulfate. Milk composition was not affected by either dietary treatment, but the fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat varied to a modest extent. Increases in C18:2 and C18:3, with a decrease in C18:1 n11 trans , when WCS was replaced with CrP suggests less perturbation of ruminal biohydrogenation, and increased ruminal escape of dietary FA, in cows fed CrP. Although the linear decrease in the unsaturated FA in milk fat, and decrease in the amount of long chain FA in milk fat triglycerides, with supplemental iron sulfate indicates that it may have affected ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary FA to some degree, the modest extent of these changes suggests that it was small and unlikely to be of biological or practical relevance.
Chain transfer in ethylene polymerization. II

Chain transfer constants in the homogeneous free-radical polymerization of ethylene at 1360 atm. and 130°C. have been determined for over 50 compounds, including nearly 300 hydrocarbons. The effects of substitution, unsaturation, and ring strain in the transfer agent molecule on the reactivity of its CH bonds in chain-transfer reactions with a polyethylene growing chain are analyzed. Qualitatively, these trends parallel those found for simple radicals attacking simple molecules. However, the principle that the reactivity of a compound is the sum of the reactivities of all reactive bonds, which is well established for simple radicals and transfer agents, is found not to be true in ethylene polymerization. It is postulated that the deviations from this principle are due to steric factors which become very important when the free radical is bulky. The transfer constants measured in ethylene polymerization are also compared with transfer constants in other systems. A strong correlation is found between the transfer constants in ethylene and published data on rates of abstraction of hydrogen atoms by methyl radicals.
Determination of acepromazine, ketamine, medetomidine, and xylazine in serum: Multi-residue screening by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A large variety of drugs are administered to large and small animals by veterinary clinicians for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia. The present paper reports a simple and rapid multi-residue detection and quantitation method for four chemically different drugs: medetomidine, xylazine, ketamine, and acepromazine. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument with a C18-reversed-phase column. Fragmentation patterns were determined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry set to operate in a positive selective ion monitoring mode. The method was determined to be linear over the range of concentrations tested (2.0-100.0 ng/mL). Accuracy, precision, and specificity were evaluated and the method was determined to be applicable to detection of medetomidine, xylazine, ketamine, and acepromazine in serum samples of multiple animal species (canine, equine, and bovine). Matrix limits of quantitation were determined to be 5.0 ng/mL for all four analytes, and recoveries ranged between 82.0 and 118%, with a 3.0-18.3% relative standard deviation.
LOCKE ON THE SEMANTIC AND EPISTEMIC ROLE OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSATION

This paper argues that Locke has a representative theory of sensitive knowledge. Perceivers are immediately aware of nothing but sensory ideas in the mind; yet perceivers think of real external substances that correspond to and cause those ideas, and they are warranted in believing that those substances exist (at that time). The theory poses two questions: what warrants the truth of such beliefs? What is it in virtue of which sensory ideas represent external objects and how do they make perceivers think of those objects? Both the epistemic and semantic issues need to be addressed. This paper urges that Locke's basic account of warrant is roughly reliabilist. The causal origin of sensory ideas assures that, in general, sense based beliefs are true. Locke defines the limit of this warrant by the theoretical point that we cannot discuss skeptical doubt without assuming the truthfulness of our perceptual faculty. Turning to the semantic question, the paper argues that ideas are mental modifications or entities. They are not intrinsically representative (satisfiable), but rather represent only by virtue of their causal origin. They merely "track" the presence of substances and their qualities. Ideas nevertheless prompt perceivers to think of their causes. This is roughly because sensory ideas have a specific mental role, namely, to serve as marks for distinguishing substances and their respective qualities for purposes of action. The paper suggests that, for Locke, the challenge posed by the semantic veil of ideas is to explain this externally directed marking function within bounds of his anti-innatism. But it concludes that his answers to the twin questions fit together reasonably well.
Crystal Structures of Phosphodiesterases 4 and 5 in Complex with Inhibitor 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine Suggest a Conformation Determinant of Inhibitor Selectivity

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes controlling cellular concentrations of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP. Crystal structures of the catalytic domains of cGMP-specific PDE5A1 and cAMP-specific PDE4D2 in complex with the nonselective inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine have been determined at medium resolution. The catalytic domain of PDE5A1 has the same topological folding as that of PDE4D2, but three regions show different tertiary structures, including residues 79-113, 208-224 (H-loop), and 341-364 (M-loop) in PDE4D2 or 535-566, 661-676, and 787-812 in PDE5A1, respectively. Because H- and M-loops are involved in binding of the selective inhibitors, the different conformations of the loops, thus the distinct shapes of the active sites, will be a determinant of inhibitor selectivity in PDEs. IBMX binds to a subpocket that comprises key residues Ile-336, Phe-340, Gln-369, and Phe-372 of PDE4D2 or Val-782, Phe-786, Gln-817, and Phe-820 of PDE5A1. This subpocket may be a common site for binding nonselective inhibitors of PDEs.
Pre-early proteins of bacteriophage T5: Structure and function

Abstract The molecular weights of three previously detected pre-early T5 proteins (1a, 1b, and 1c) and their subunits have been determined from their effective electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gels. Protein 1b displays a molecular weight of 18,200 daltons but can be dissociated into subunits of 11,400 daltons. Hence, protein 1b is probably a dimer with identical subunits. Protein 1c, on the other hand, is monomeric since it displays molecular weights of 18,500 and 19,000 daltons before and after denaturation, respectively. Protein 1a was resolved into two oligomeric proteins, 1a(A1) and 1a(A1:A2) with probable molecular weights of 244,000 and 364,000 daltons, respectively. Protein 1a(A1) is composed of identical subunits each with a molecular weight of 57,000 daltons. Protein 1a(A1:A2) is formed from non-identical subunits whose molecular weights are 57,000 and 15,000 daltons. The 57,000 dalton subunit is an essential component of both the 1a(A1) and 1a(A1:A2) oligomeric proteins. T5 amber mutants defective in gene A1 do not induce the synthesis of the 57,000 dalton subunit and, hence, of either the 1a(A1) or the 1a(A1:A2) oligomeric proteins. T5 amber mutants defective in gene A2 do not induce the synthesis of the 15,000 dalton subunit, but do induce the synthesis of the 57,000 dalton subunit. Hence, we conclude that gene A2 mutants do not induce the synthesis of the 1a(A1:A2) protein but do synthesize the 1a(A1) protein. The pleiotropic effect of a mutation in gene Al may be explained in terms of these multiple protein forms.
Craving of prescription opioids in patients with chronic pain: a longitudinal outcomes trial.

Abstract Little is known about whether patients with chronic pain treated with opioids experience craving for their medications, whether contextual cues may influence craving, or if there is a relationship between craving and medication compliance. We hypothesized that craving for prescription opioids would be significantly correlated with the urge for more medication, preoccupation with the next dose, and current mood symptoms. We studied craving in 62 patients with chronic pain who were at low or high risk for opioid misuse, while they were enrolled in an RCT to improve prescription opioid medication compliance. Using electronic diaries, patients completed ratings of craving at monthly clinic visits and daily during a 14-day take-home period. Both groups consistently endorsed craving, whose levels were highly correlated (P Perspective Patients with noncancer pain can crave their prescription opioids, regardless of their risk for opioid misuse. We found craving to be highly correlated with the urge to take more medication, fluctuations in mood, and preoccupation with the next dose, and to diminish with a behavioral intervention to improve opioid compliance.
Recruitment of Young Bull Trout into the Metolius River and Lake Billy Chinook, Oregon

AbstractThe abundance of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus in the Metolius River and Lake Billy Chinook, a hydroelectric reservoir, increased dramatically from 1998 to 2004, following implementation of restrictive fishery regulations. However, both adult Bull Trout and kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (prey) populations have declined in more recent years. We investigated the relationships between Bull Trout spawner densities, emerging fry densities, and numbers of juveniles migrating into the reservoir to determine the potential role of juvenile production in this decline. We hypothesized that age-1 and older juvenile production is now limited by natal habitat capacity and that excess fry production is lost to density-dependent mortality. Bull trout redd densities in surveyed spawning reaches ranged from 14 to 39 redds/km during recent years. The estimated abundance of emerging Bull Trout fry in monitored spawning reaches has varied from about 1.0–2.5 million annually since 2005, while mean estimated densities ...
Magnesium deficiency in the Cebus monkey.

Purified diets containing cholesterol and deficient or adequate in magnesium were fed to young growing Cebus (fatuella) monkeys. Diet-induced magnesium deficiency resulted in weight loss, hyperirritability, and in several monkeys, convulsions. In addition to the expected hypomagnesemia, deficient animals also had decreased serum potassium levels. However, after several weeks on diet, the electrocardiogram of deficient animals showed significant changes consisting primarily of S-T segment depression and peaking of the T wave; changes usually seen in hyperkalemic states. Prior to sacrificing the animals, the tolerance to K-strophanthidin, a cardiac glycoside, was ascertained in both deficient and control animals. The cardiac glycoside was administered slowly by the intravenous route to anesthetized monkeys and the appearance of four consecutive ventricular premature contractions in the electrocardiogram was taken as the end-point. Deficient animals required approximately one-half the dose administered to co...
Observing the reionization epoch through 21-centimetre radiation

We study the observability of the reionization epoch through the 21-cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen. We use a high-resolution cosmological simulation (including hydrodynamics) together with a fast radiative transfer algorithm to compute the evolution of 21-cm emission from the intergalactic medium (IGM) in several different models of reionization. We show that the mean brightness temperature of the IGM drops from δTb ∼ 25 mK to ∼10 −2 mK during overlap (over a frequency interval �ν ∼ 25 MHz), while the root mean square fluctuations on small scales drop abruptly from � δT 2 � 1/2 ∼ 10 mK to ∼10 −1 mK at the end of overlap. We show that 21-cm observations can efficiently discriminate models with a single early reionization epoch from models with two distinct reionization episodes.
Priority-Based Traffic Scheduling and Utility Optimization for Cognitive Radio Communication Infrastructure-Based Smart Grid

Smart grid can be visualized as an intelligent control system over sensors and communication platforms. Recently, wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have shown its advantages for smart grid by providing rich surveillance information for grid failure detection and recovery, energy source monitoring, asset management, security, etc. On the other hand, cognitive radio (CR) networks have been identified as a key wireless technology to reduce the communication interferences and improve the bandwidth efficiency for smart grid communication. There is an essential need to use the CR communication platform to support large-size and time-sensitive multimedia delivery for future smart grid system. In this paper, we consider the heterogeneous characteristics of smart grid traffic including multimedia and propose a priority-based traffic scheduling approach for CR communication infrastructure based smart grid system according to the various traffic types of smart grid such as control commands, multimedia sensing data and meter readings. Specifically, we develop CR channel allocation and traffic scheduling schemes taking into consideration of channel switch and spectrum sensing errors, and solve a system utility optimization problem for smart grid communication system. Our solutions are demonstrated through both analyzes and simulations. This research opens a new vista of future smart grid communications.
Models of the Venus clouds.

Abstract This paper describes an attempt to find a self-consistent radiative-convective model of the Venus clouds, with the sun as the only external source of heat. The transfer of heat and cloud particles by thermal convection are treated by means of Priestley's theory of free convection and Kraichnan's theory of a convective boundary layer. Approximate equations are used to describe solar and thermal radiative transfer. We constrain the model to give the correct planetary albedo, and suitable line-formation properties, and the cloud particles conform to Mie's theory. We find that a transition region, from fully developed turbulence to radiative control, exists at the cloud tops. There is only negligible diurnal variation of temperature inside the cloud. The constraints imposed are so restrictive that no type of cloud is fully satisfactory. Dust clouds do not convect at depth. High vapor pressure condensates, such as water, cannot satisfy optical constraints. Low vapor pressure condensates do not convect...
Mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 have developmental defects in the tail and inner ear

We derived mice that carry a targeted insertion of a neor gene in the int-2 (Fgf-3) proto-oncogene coding sequences. The mutation was found to be recessive and mice that were homozygous for the insertion did not often survive to adulthood. The mutant mice had defects in the development of the tail and inner ear that could be correlated with disruption of int-2 expression in the posterior primitive streak and hindbrain or otic vesicle. While the tail phenotype was 100% penetrant, we found that the inner ear phenotype had reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. The variable expressivity could not be attributed to variability in the genetic background of the mutant allele or to leaky expression from the mutant allele. Thus, we conclude that even in a uniform genetic background, stochastic variation in the expression of a developmental circuit can result in dramatic differences in phenotypic consequences.
Integrating complementary/alternative medicine into primary care: evaluating the evidence and appropriate implementation

The frequency with which patients utilize treatments encompassed by the term complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) is well documented. A number of these therapies are beginning to be integrated into contemporary medical practice. This article examines three of them: osteopathic manipulation, yoga, and acupuncture, with a focus on their physiological effects, efficacy in treating medical conditions commonly encountered by practitioners, precautions or contraindications, and ways in which they can be incorporated into clinical practice. Physicians should routinely obtain information about use of CAM as part of their patient history and should consider their role based on physiological effects and clinical research results.
A modified olanzapine regimen for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

BACKGROUND At Kaiser Permanente Antioch and Walnut Creek Cancer Centers, a modified olanzapine regimen is used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients who receive highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). OBJECTIVE To determine if an olanzapine, ondansetron, dexamethasone (OOD) regimen is noninferior to a fosaprepitant, ondansetron, dexamethasone (FOD) regimen in preventing CINV in patients receiving HEC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study compared the rates of CINV in patients who were treated with HEC and received either the OOD or FOD regimen. Electronic medical records were assessed for documented reports of CINV. 148 patients were included in this study. RESULTS Complete response (CR), defined as no emesis after Cycle 1 of HEC, in patients receiving the OOD regimen was 95.7% in the acute phase, 94.3% in the delayed phase, and 92.9% overall. CR in patients receiving the FOD regimen was 98.7% in the acute phase, 89.7% in the delayed phase, and 89.7% overall. The percentage of patients who had no nausea on the OOD regimen was 87.1 in the acute phase, 75.5 in the delayed phase, and 71.4 overall, compared with 78.2 in the acute phase, 62.8 in the delayed phase, and 62.7 overall in patients on the FOD regimen. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its retrospective, nonrandomized design, and short follow-up period. This study did not assess adverse effects from the antiemetic regimens. CONCLUSIONS A modified olanzapine regimen is noninferior to a standard fosaprepitant regimen in regard to CR in showing improved control of CINV. In addition, the use of the olanzapine regimen reduces patient exposure to corticosteroids and the risk of associated side effects, and it is significantly more cost effective, compared with the fosaprepitant regimen.
Fragment Energy Correlation Measurements for Cf 252 Spontaneous Fission and U 235 Thermal-Neutron Fission

Fission-fragment mass and energy distributions and mass-versus-energy correlations have been obtained for $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ spontaneous fission and $^{235}\mathrm{U}$ thermal-neutron-induced fission. Silicon surface-barrier detectors were used in energy correlation measurements; absolute fragment energies were obtained by means of the mass-dependent energy calibration developed recently at this laboratory. Average total fragment kinetic energies before neutron emission are found to be 186.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2 MeV for $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ and 171.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4 MeV for $^{235}\mathrm{U}$. Detailed experimental results are given and compared with those of other experiments. Observed fine structure in the fragment mass distribution and in the average total fragment kinetic energy as a function of mass is correlated with the energetically preferred even-even nucleon configurations in the fragments. New determinations of the root-mean-square width of the total-kinetic-energy distribution as a function of mass show structure which is also correlated with the energetically preferred even-even fragment configurations. Fission-neutron and gamma-ray data of other experiments are used with the new fragment kinetic energies presented here to examine the total energy balance for fission for the two cases studied.
Permanent loss of male fecundity following sperm depletion in Aedes aegypti (L.).

The insemination capacity of Aedes aegypti males is essentially determined by the time the males reach sexual maturity. Although meiosis and spermiohistogenesis may still be observed in 5 to 10-day-old males, the sperm production in the adult is insufficient to replace the sperm lost in successful copulations. The average male can provide 4–5 females with sufficient sperm for their whole lifetime and simultaneously make them refractory to further insemination. Smaller amounts of sperm ran be transmitted to 2–4 additional females. For A. aegypti the question about permanence of induced sterility should become irrelevant if the sterilization takes place in sexually mature males.
Are we missing the “sweet spot” between optimality theory and niche construction theory in archaeology?

Abstract Proximate decision models, such as those derived from optimal foraging theory (OFT), are important tools for predicting individual behavior and identifying contradictions to our assumptions. The models are effective for exposing anomalies because they play upon basic resource needs and costs in situations where human behavior cannot be observed directly. These decision models are not enough, however, to account for the larger processes by which repeated interactions change the nature of co-evolving species, including humans, and alterations of the conditions of selection across generations. At least two levels of mechanics and their respective temporal domains must be recognized in co-evolutionary studies. These are the primary mechanics of day-to-day decisions and actions, and the compounding mechanics of emergent phenomena that may affect the evolutionary history of populations. Local rules and goals generally govern decisions of individuals or small groups of individuals as they try to balance competing needs. Compounding rules govern emergence of larger phenomena which unfold unpredictably for generations to come. Contra some recent claims, one family of theory cannot replace the function of the other; rather they are complimentary, by speaking to very different scales of phenomena. We develop these points through a consideration of both primary and compounding dynamics in two distinct evolutionary forums: the developmental evolution of the hearth-centered residential camp in the Middle Pleistocene and the “domestic-selective” environment of a formative village at the beginning of the Holocene.
Phase-change materials for reconfigurable RF applications

Wireless systems are evolving into complex hardware architectures with carrier aggregation and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas to support higher peak data rates and spectral efficiencies under International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced guidelines. Low-loss, linear RF switches are key parts of these tunable and reconfigurable RF systems. Currently, most of commercial RF switches are made of FET switches with SOI [1-2], SOS [3], GaN [4] technologies and RF MEMS [5]. Key features of RF switches include low insertion loss, high isolation, excellent linearity, power handling, easy integration with conventional semiconductor technologies, and reliability and packaging. For comparison, typical RF switch figure-of-merit, R on ·C off , values are 230–300 femtosecond for RF SOI switches, 448 for RF SOS switches, 453 for GaN FET switches, and ∼4 for RF MEMS switches. RF MEMS switches offer the best FOM with excellent linearity >70 dBm. For high RF power handling, GaN FET switches showed 40 W continuous-wave RF power handling with <0.3 dB of compression [4].
Instrumenting C programs with nested word monitors

In classical automata-theoretic model checking of safety properties [6], a system model generates a language L of words modeling system executions, and verification involves checking if L ∩ L′ = ∅, L′ being the language of words deemed “unsafe” by the specification. This view is also used in recent program analyzers like Blast [5] and Slam [2], where a specification is a word automaton (or monitor) with finite-state control-flow that accepts all “unsafe” program executions. Typical analysis constructs the “product” of a program and a monitor, in effect instrumenting the program with extra commands and assertions, so that the input program fails its specification if and only if the product program fails an assertion. The latter is then checked for possible assertion failures. Monitors also find use in testing and runtime verification, where we try finding assertion violations in the product program at runtime.
Student social self-efficacy, leadership status, and academic performance in collaborative learning environments

ABSTRACTResearch confirms the positive effect of collaborative learning environments when students are considered as one homogeneous group. Little has been done to provide a detailed view of the performance of subgroups of students within collaborative settings. This quantitative and longitudinal study uses survey responses to explore differences in the variables of social self-efficacy (SSE) and leadership relative to each other, different academic performance levels, and across two academic years in a cohort of undergraduate students. Analysis showed no relationship between either sex or race and academic performance. However, results confirm that there is a positive relationship between SSE and grades, and that leaders have a higher SSE than followers. Results also show that SSE improves for leaders, but no evidence for such improvement for followers. We conclude that in collaborative learning environments, high SSE and leadership are important components in student achievement and should be considered...
Low power real-time data acquisition using compressive sensing

New possibilities exist for the development of novel hardware/software platforms havin g fast data acquisition capability with low power requirements. One application is a high speed Adaptive Design for Information (ADI) system that combines the advantages of feature-based data compression, low power nanometer CMOS technology, and stream computing [1]. We have developed a compressive sensing (CS) algorithm which linearly reduces the data at the analog front end, an approach which uses analog designs and computations instead of smaller feature size transistors for higher speed and lower power. A level-crossing sampling approach replaces Nyquist sampling. With an in-memory design, the new compressive sensing based instrumentation performs digitization only when there is enough variation in the input and when the random selection matrix chooses this input.
The Ins and Outs of Open Innovation

This technical note explores open innovation--initiatives that are executed with organizations or individuals outside the typical boundaries of the R&D organization. Through a broadening of the interpretation of open innovation, the note aims to help managers who are trying to be more open with their innovation initiatives. Understanding what works or what doesn't work in different settings helps answer questions such as these: What types of projects are good candidates for open innovation? What should an open innovation portfolio look like? Or, more generally, how should firms manage open innovation initiatives? Excerpt UVA-OM-1495 May 16, 2013 THE INS AND OUTS OF OPEN INNOVATION The past few decades have seen tremendous growth in “open innovation”—initiatives that are executed with organizations or individuals outside the typical boundaries of the R&D organization. A discussion on open innovation usually begins with references to Henry Chesbrough and his work on the topic. Issues such as technology licensing, intellectual property, joint ventures, and the challenge of managing this type of innovation, which are often at the forefront of the discussion. Recently, however, innovation experts in academia and business have challenged the singular focus on the business models and mechanisms that are often associated with open innovation a-la Chesbrough. Managers tell stories about innovation projects in their organizations that were considered “open,” but not focused on licensing, joint ventures, or other issues typically considered under the realm of open innovation. New topics have emerged, such as social media, users as innovators, crowdsourcing, codevelopment, and distributed innovation, among others. The purpose of this technical note is to help managers who are trying to be more “open” with their innovation initiatives. Understanding what works or what doesn't work in different settings helps answer questions such as these: What types of projects are good candidates for open innovation? What should an open innovation portfolio look like? Or, more generally, how should firms manage open innovation initiatives? Why Open Innovation? . . .
The Influence of Corporate Strategic Profile on Philanthropic Engagement: An Empirical Analysis

While scholarly interest on strategic philanthropy is growing, the empirical evidence on the firm-level implications of strategic philanthropy is under-developed. Specifically, the issue of whether...
Poster: Mobile Photo Data Management as a Platform Service

This poster presents Pixelsior, a new mobile platform service for photo data management in mobile apps.
Exploring factors affecting social e-commerce service adoption

Display Omitted We examine factors that affect the adoption of a social commerce service on Facebook.We elicit salient user beliefs and conduct exploratory factor analysis to identify the key constructs that influence service adoption.We find that perceived social utility, perceived symbolic value, perceived convenience and privacy concerns play the key roles in service adoption.The results emphasize the importance of social factors in the adoption of social commerce services. Although social commerce is an important trend in practice, relatively few research studies have explored the impact of social commerce innovations launched within social networking sites. The deployment of a gift-giving service within a social networking site provides a unique opportunity to study the intersection of technological innovations and social norms and its potential to generate new revenue for ecommerce sites. Using Facebook Gifts as a real-world context for the study, we explore the factor structure of salient user beliefs influencing usage intention, and examine the relationships between beliefs and intention to use the service in a broader nomological network. Instead of adopting constructs from existing models, we started with the elicitation of salient beliefs and proceeded with successive stages of refinement to develop a suitable model. The empirical results show countervailing effects of perceived social utility and perceived convenience of the service on one hand, and low perceived value and privacy concerns on the other. A notable finding is the potential conflict arising between the expectations of effort associated with the procurement of a gift and the common perception of technology as reducing the required effort. The net result is that a technology-mediated gift service in the context of a social networking site runs counter to the social norms associated with traditional gift exchanges. This insight provides evidence of the dual challenge for social commerce initiatives. In order to be successful, new services in this area must leverage the potential of the technology as well as social practices.
A True and Better “I” : Husserl’s Call for Worldly Renewal

My article argues that Husserl’s late phenomenology centered on an ethics of worldly responsibility. This revision marked a considerable departure from the Brentanian axiology of his earlier seminars, and it introduced a new ēthos, never fully developed, of ethical engagement through philosophy. In Husserl’s twilight years, the world, not ego, received primary accent. This worldliness – outlined in the Kaizo essays of 1923–24, then buried under the egology of the late 1920s – reemerged in the 1930s Crisis work and surrounding manuscripts. Ostracized from Nazi society, a beleaguered Husserl raised worldly ethical concerns to new philosophical distinction, although he never wholly extricated them from either egological subjectivism or the well-known Cartesian mechanics of intersubjectivity. As a result, Husserl’s late ethics, like the Crisis text itself, is a potent but incomplete harbinger of new phenomenological lines. My essay also suggests how Husserl’s intellectual scion, Jan Patocka, appropriated and radicalized his mentor’s ethics in his own phenomenological activity, elevating worldly responsibility to the pinnacle of philosophical life.
Patch testing with the European baseline series fragrance markers: a 2016 update.

SummaryBackground Fragrance contact allergy is common and is currently screened for with the European baseline series fragrance markers: Fragrance Mix 1, Fragrance Mix 2, Myroxylon pereirae and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. Objectives To investigate the validity of patch testing with these fragrance markers in detecting fragrance allergy to 26 individual fragrance substances for which cosmetic ingredient labelling is mandatory in the European Union. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the patch test records of all eczema patients who underwent testing with the European baseline series extended with the individual fragrance substances during the period 2015-2016. Results 359 patients (17.2%) reacted to one or more allergens from the labelled fragrance substance series and/or a fragrance marker from the European baseline series. The allergens that were positive with the greatest frequencies were oxidised linalool (154; 7.4%, 95% CI 6.3%-8.6%), oxidised limonene (89; 4.3%, 95% CI 3.4%-5.2%) and Evernia furfuracea (44; 2.1%, 95% CI 1.5%-2.8%). Of the 319 patients who reacted to any of the labelled fragrance substances, only 130 (40.8%) also reacted to a baseline series fragrance marker. The sensitivity of our history-taking for fragrance allergy was 25.7%. Conclusions With the evolving trends in fragrance allergy patch testing with Fragrance Mix 1, Fragrance Mix 2, Myroxylon pereirae and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde are no longer sufficient for screening for fragrance allergy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Advanced Midzonal Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst Managed by Aspiration Deflation.

Background There are several cysts that can occur in the iris. The midzonal (retroiridic) iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cyst is important because it can simulate melanoma of the ciliary body. However, it is frequently asymptomatic and requires no treatment. Methods A 37-year-old asymptomatic woman with visual acuity of 20/20 in each eye was found to have an elevated mass behind the left iris, presumed to be melanoma, and was referred for management. On our examination, there was a typical midzonal IPE cyst in the left eye (OS), requiring observation without intervention. After 4 years, she developed progressive visual loss to 20/40 OS and cyst enlargement was noted, obstructing most of the visual axis and causing partial lens subluxation. Translimbal fine needle aspiration deflation with a 30-G needle was performed. Results Immediately at aspiration, the cyst demonstrated collapse, disappearing behind the iris stroma, and the lens subluxation resolved. Visual acuity returned to 20/20 OS and has remained stable without recurrence for 3 years. Conclusion Although most midzonal IPE cysts are asymptomatic, this case showed progressive enlargement with visual loss and was managed with translimbal aspiration. Symptomatic midzonal IPE cysts can be deflated with translimbal aspiration rather than more aggressive surgical excision.
Corporate social responsibility assurance and reporting quality: Evidence from restatements

Abstract Previous research has shown that obtaining independent assurance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting has capital market benefits and that these benefits are amplified when accountants provide the assurance. Yet, little is known about whether and the manner in which CSR assurance improves the quality of CSR reporting, and whether accounting providers improve reporting quality to a greater extent than non-accounting providers. This study uses the unique setting of CSR restatements to examine these issues. We present theoretical and empirical evidence supporting a competitive advantage of using accounting firms as assurance providers as they not only identify inaccuracies in previous reports earlier than non-accounting providers, but also prevent future reporting inaccuracies. CSR assurance, from either type of provider, also leads to improved reporting definitions, scopes, and methodologies that require restatements for comparability. Results also indicate that CSR reporting frameworks (e.g., GRI) are not a substitute for obtaining CSR assurance as the latter has incremental benefits over GRI usage in terms of identifying errors and reporting improvements. These results have implications for public policy makers considering the merits of mandating CSR assurance and for organizations assessing the relative benefits and costs of preparing GRI-based CSR reports, obtaining CSR assurance, and choosing between accounting vs. non-accounting CSR assurance providers.
Isolated Pancreatic Tuberculosis Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer: A Diagnostic Challenge

Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis is an exceedingly rare condition, even in areas of the world where the disease is highly prevalent. Abdominal tuberculosis is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis but involvement of the pancreas is very rare. We report a case of isolated pancreatic tuberculosis presenting as a pancreatic mass in a patient with persistent abdominal pain and jaundice. Clinically and radiologically, the mass mimicked a malignant pancreatic tumor with a vastly different prognostic implication and therapeutic approach. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) can provide valuable diagnostic information in this scenario. After the tissue showed evidence of acid-fast bacilli and the cultures showed growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antituberculosis therapy was initiated. Conservative management is usually successful in alleviating symptoms and leading to a cure. The excellent response to ATT makes it imperative that these patients are diagnosed early and managed appropriately to avoid unnecessary surgery and associated morbidity.
Sensitive Leisure: Writing the Lived Experience of Air Pollution

We explore the sensory experiences of individuals who live, work, and play in an environment marred by air pollution. Sensory phenomenology provides a theoretical lens through which to analyze the ...
Advances in Using Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Phosphate to Understand Phosphorus Cycling in the Environment

Phosphorus (P) is universally recognized as an essential nutrient for all known forms of life and a key element in mediating between living and nonliving parts of the biosphere. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the development of oxygen isotope methods of phosphate and application to understand the biogeochemical cycling of P. With the advent of robust analytical techniques able to accurately determine stable oxygen isotope ratios in phosphate (δ18OP) and the increased understanding of isotope effects from controlled process- or reaction-based studies, δ18OP values have been increasingly applied to identify sources and cycling of P in many natural environments. Because different sources have distinct isotopic compositions and various processes impart specific isotopic fractionation or produce distinct pathways of isotopic evolution, application of δ18OP values as a tracer for P in biogeochemical processes is expected to continue to expand as an exciting field of research in the future.
ON THE OXIDATION RATE LAWS OF METALS THAT FORM NONSTOICHIOMETRIC OXIDES

ABSTRACT It is shown that the electronic conductivity of a nonstoichiometric oxide that is an n-type semiconductor (i.e., a reduction semiconductor) can control the cation transport through the oxide, and hence, the rate of oxidation. This argument leads to a mathematical derivation of the logarithmic oxidation rate law. If the oxide is an oxidation semiconductor, it is p-type, and the hole conductivity will be sufficiently great that the rate-limiting property will be ion transport, and not electronic conduction. In this case, the Wagner ion-electron theory of the parabolic oxidation rate law will apply. The microscopic nature of the crystalline solids is discussed, including the gradients of composition and of conductivity across the oxide layer, and how these effects influence the oxidation rate.
Lying in Psychotherapy Supervision

Despite expectations of accuracy and truthfulness, psychotherapy trainees may deliberately distort accounts of patient interactions presented in supervision. The author presents interviews with four psychiatry residents, detailing specific misrepresentations made to supervisors. Aspects of the literature on lying and on the supervisory setting are reviewed to help explain this phenomenon and suggest interventions to help prevent it.
Robust Robot Learning from Demonstration and Skill Repair Using Conceptual Constraints

Learning from demonstration (LfD) has enabled robots to rapidly gain new skills and capabilities by leveraging examples provided by novice human operators. While effective, this training mechanism presents the potential for sub-optimal demonstrations to negatively impact performance due to unintentional operator error. In this work we introduce Concept Constrained Learning from Demonstration (CC-LfD), a novel algorithm for robust skill learning and skill repair that incorporates annotations of conceptually-grounded constraints (in the form of planning predicates) during live demonstrations into the LfD process. Through our evaluation, we show that CC-LfD can be used to quickly repair skills with as little as a single annotated demonstration without the need to identify and remove low-quality demonstrations. We also provide evidence for potential applications to transfer learning, whereby constraints can be used to adapt demonstrations from a related task to achieve proficiency with few new demonstrations required.
Electronic Coupling in Metallophthalocyanine–Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Mixed-Dimensional Heterojunctions

Mixed-dimensional heterojunctions, such as zero-dimensional (0D) organic molecules deposited on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), often exhibit interfacial effects that enhance the properties of the individual constituent layers. Here we report a systematic study of interfacial charge transfer in metallophthalocyanine (MPc) - MoS2 heterojunctions using optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate M core (M = first row transition metal), MoS2 layer number, and excitation wavelength effects. Observed phenomena include the emergence of heterojunction-specific optical absorption transitions and strong Raman enhancement that depends on the M identity. In addition, the Raman enhancement is tunable by excitation laser wavelength and MoS2 layer number, ultimately reaching a maximum enhancement factor of 30x relative to SiO2 substrates. These experimental results, combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicate strong coupling between nonfrontier MPc orbitals and the MoS2 band structure as well as charge transfer across the heterojunction interface that varies as a function of the MPc electronic structure.